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YOU'RE HEARD, LOUD AND CLEAR.
Instruction Manual for
21-Series T-Pass
(except 800 MHz)
Manual Part Number
7-9040
® Filters
8625 Industrial Parkway, Angola, NY 14006 Tel: 716-549-4700 Fax: 716-549-4772 sales@birdrf.com www.bird-technologies.com
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Warranty
This warranty applies for one year from shipping date.
TX RX Systems Inc. warrants its products to be free from defect in material and workmanship at the time of shipment.
Our obligation under warranty is limited to replacement or repair, at our option, of any such products that shall have
been defective at the time of manufacture. TX RX Systems Inc. reserves the right to replace with merchandise of
equal performance although not identical in every way to that originally sold. TX RX Systems Inc. is not liable for dam-
age caused by lightning or other natural disasters. No product will be accepted for repair or replacement without our
prior written approval. The purchaser must prepay all shipping charges on returned products. TX RX Systems Inc.
shall in no event be liable for consequential damages, installation costs or expense of any nature resulting from the
purchase or use of products, whether or not they are used in accordance with instructions. This warranty is in lieu of all
other warranties, either expressed or implied, including any implied warranty or merchantability of fitness. No representative is authorized to assume for TX RX Systems Inc. any other liability or warranty than set forth above in connection with our products or services.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE
PRICES AND TERMS:
Prices are FOB seller’s plant in Angola, NY domestic packaging only, and are subject to change without notice. Federal, State and local sales or excise taxes are not included in prices. When Net 30 terms are applicable, payment is
due within 30 days of invoice date. All orders are subject to a $100.00 net minimum.
QUOTATIONS:
Only written quotations are valid.
ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS:
Acceptance of orders is valid only when so acknowledged in writing by the seller.
SHIPPING:
Unless otherwise agreed at the time the order is placed, seller reserves the right to make partial shipments for which
payment shall be made in accordance with seller’s stated terms. Shipments are made with transportation charges collect unless otherwise specified by the buyer. Seller’s best judgement will be used in routing, except that buyer’s routing
is used where practicable. The seller is not responsible for selection of most economical or timeliest routing.
CLAIMS:
All claims for damage or loss in transit must be made promptly by the buyer against the carrier. All claims for shortages
must be made within 30 days after date of shipment of material from the seller’s plant.
SPECIFICATION CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS:
All designs and specifications of seller’s products are subject to change without notice provided the changes or modifications do not affect performance.
RETURN MATERIAL:
Product or material may be returned for credit only after written authorization from the seller, as to which seller shall
have sole discretion. In the event of such authorization, credit given shall not exceed 80 percent of the original purchase. In no case will Seller authorize return of material more than 90 days after shipment from Seller’s plant. Credit
for returned material is issued by the Seller only to the original purchaser.
ORDER CANCELLATION OR ALTERATION:
Cancellation or alteration of acknowledged orders by the buyer will be accepted only on terms that protect the seller
against loss.
NON WARRANTY REPAIRS AND RETURN WORK:
Consult seller’s plant for pricing. Buyer must prepay all transportation charges to seller’s plant. Standard shipping policy set forth above shall apply with respect to return shipment from TX RX Systems Inc. to buyer.
DISCLAIMER
Product part numbering in photographs and drawings is accurate at time of printing. Part number labels on TX RX
products supersede part numbers given within this manual. Information is subject to change without notice.
Bird Technologies Group TX RX Systems Inc.
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Manual Part Number 7-9040
Copyright © 1991 TX RX Systems, Inc.
First Printing: May 1986
Version Number Version Date
1 5/10/86
2 5/24/89
3 12/13/91
Symbols Commonly Used
WARNING
CAUTION or ATTENTION
High Voltage
Use Safety Glasses
ESD Elecrostatic Discharge
Hot Surface
Electrical Shock Hazard
NOTE
Important Information
Bird Technologies Group TX RX Systems Inc.
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TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 1
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TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 2
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TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 3
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POWER IN/OUT
t
e
VS.
INSERTION LOSS
The graph below offers a convenient means of determining the insertion loss of filters, duplexers,
multicouplers and related products. The graph on the back page will allow you to quickly determine VSWR. I
should be remembered that the field accuracy of wattmeter readings is subject to considerable variance du
to RF connector VSWR and basic wattmeter accuracy, particularly at low end scale readings. However,
allowing for these variances, these graphs should prove to be a useful reference.
500
400
300
250
200
150
125
INPUT POWER (WATTS)
100
INSERTION LOSS (dB)
6.5
7.0
5.5
5.0
6.0
4.5
4.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.25
.50
75
50
50
75 100
125 150 200
250
300
400
500
OUTPUT POWER (WATTS)
FOR LOWER POWER LEVELS, DIVIDE
BOTH SCALES BY 10 (5 TO 50 WATTS)
TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 4
Page 9
500
400
300
200
100
50
40
30
20
POWER FWD./REV.
VS.
VSWR
V
S
W
R
1.1:1
1.15:1
1.2:1
10
FORWARD POWER (WATTS)
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
40
20
10
8.0 6.0
4.0
2.0
REFLECTED POWER (WATTS)
FOR OTHER POWER LEVELS, MULTIPLY
BOTH SCALES BY THE SAME MULTIPLIER
1.0 0.8
0.6
0.4
1.25:1
1.3:1
1.4:1
1.5:1
1.6:1
1.8:1
2.0:1
2.5:1
3.0:1
0.2
TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 5
Page 10
Power Ratio and Voltage Ratio to Decibel
Conversion Chart
Example-- Given a gain of +9.1 dB
or a loss of -9.1 dB
- dB +
Voltage
Ratio
11011
0.99 0.98 0.1 1.01 1.02
0.98 0.96 0.2 1.02 1.05
0.97 0.93 0.3 1.04 1.07
0.96 0.91 0.4 1.05 1.1
0.94 0.89 0.5 1.06 1.12
0.93 0.87 0.6 1.07 1.15
0.92 0.85 0.7 1.08 1.18
0.91 0.83 0.8 1.1 1.2
0.9 0.81 0.9 1.11 1.23
0.89 0.79 1 1.12 1.26
0.88 0.78 1.1 1.14 1.29
0.87 0.76 1.2 1.15 1.32
0.86 0.74 1.3 1.16 1.35
0.85 0.72 1.4 1.18 1.38
0.84 0.71 1.5 1.19 1.41
0.83 0.69 1.6 1.2 1.45
0.82 0.68 1.7 1.22 1.48
0.81 0.66 1.8 1.23 1.51
0.8 0.65 1.9 1.25 1.55
Power
Ratio dB
Voltage
Ratio
Power
Ratio
Loss or
Gain
+9.1 dB
-9.1 dB
Power
Ratio
Voltage
Ratio
8.13 2.85
0.12 0.35
- dB +
Voltage
Ratio
0.56 0.32 5 1.78 3.16
0.56 0.31 5.1 1.8 3.24
0.55 0.3 5.2 1.82 3.31
0.54 0.3 5.3 1.84 3.39
0.54 0.29 5.4 1.86 3.47
0.53 0.28 5.5 1.88 3.55
0.53 0.28 5.6 1.91 3.63
0.52 0.27 5.7 1.93 3.72
0.51 0.26 5.8 1.95 3.8
0.51 0.26 5.9 1.97 3.89
0.5 0.25 6 2 3.98
0.5 0.25 6.1 2.02 4.07
0.49 0.24 6.2 2.04 4.17
0.48 0.23 6.3 2.07 4.27
0.48 0.23 6.4 2.09 4.37
0.47 0.22 6.5 2.11 4.47
0.47 0.22 6.6 2.14 4.57
0.46 0.21 6.7 2.16 4.68
0.46 0.21 6.8 2.19 4.79
0.45 0.2 6.9 2.21 4.9
Power
Ratio dB
Voltage
Ratio
Power
Ratio
0.79 0.63 2 1.26 1.59
0.79 0.62 2.1 1.27 1.62
0.78 0.6 2.2 1.29 1.66
0.77 0.59 2.3 1.3 1.7
0.76 0.58 2.4 1.32 1.74
0.75 0.56 2.5 1.33 1.78
0.74 0.55 2.6 1.35 1.82
0.73 0.54 2.7 1.37 1.86
0.72 0.53 2.8 1.38 1.91
0.72 0.51 2.9 1.4 1.95
0.71 0.5 3 1.41 2
0.7 0.49 3.1 1.43 2.04
0.69 0.48 3.2 1.45 2.09
0.68 0.47 3.3 1.46 2.14
0.68 0.46 3.4 1.48 2.19
0.67 0.45 3.5 1.5 2.24
0.66 0.44 3.6 1.51 2.29
0.65 0.43 3.7 1.53 2.34
0.65 0.42 3.8 1.55 2.4
0.64 0.41 3.9 1.57 2.46
0.63 0.4 4 1.59 2.51
0.62 0.39 4.1 1.6 2.57
0.62 0.38 4.2 1.62 2.63
0.61 0.37 4.3 1.64 2.69
0.6 0.36 4.4 1.66 2.75
0.6 0.36 4.5 1.68 2.82
0.59 0.35 4.6 1.7 2.88
0.58 0.34 4.7 1.72 2.95
0.58 0.33 4.8 1.74 3.02
0.57 0.32 4.9 1.76 3.09
0.45 0.2 7 2.24 5.01
0.44 0.2 7.1 2.27 5.13
0.44 0.19 7.2 2.29 5.25
0.43 0.19 7.3 2.32 5.37
0.43 0.18 7.4 2.34 5.5
0.42 0.18 7.5 2.37 5.62
0.42 0.17 7.6 2.4 5.75
0.41 0.17 7.7 2.43 5.89
0.41 0.17 7.8 2.46 6.03
0.4 0.16 7.9 2.48 6.17
0.4 0.16 8 2.51 6.31
0.39 0.16 8.1 2.54 6.46
0.39 0.15 8.2 2.57 6.61
0.39 0.15 8.3 2.6 6.76
0.38 0.15 8.4 2.63 6.92
0.38 0.14 8.5 2.66 7.08
0.37 0.14 8.6 2.69 7.24
0.37 0.14 8.7 2.72 7.41
0.36 0.13 8.8 2.75 7.59
0.36 0.13 8.9 2.79 7.76
0.36 0.13 9 2.82 7.94
0.35 0.12 9.1 2.85 8.13
0.35 0.12 9.2 2.88 8.32
0.34 0.12 9.3 2.92 8.51
0.34 0.12 9.4 2.95 8.71
0.34 0.11 9.5 2.99 8.91
0.33 0.11 9.6 3.02 9.12
0.33 0.11 9.7 3.06 9.33
0.32 0.11 9.8 3.09 9.55
0.32 0.1 9.9 3.13 9.77
TX RX Systems Inc. Manual 7-9040-3 12/13/91 Page 6
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Return Loss vs. VSWR
Watts to dBm
Return Loss VSWR
30 1.06
25 1.11
20 1.20
19 1.25
18 1.28
17 1.33
16 1.37
15 1.43
14 1.50
13 1.57
12 1.67
11 1.78
10 1.92
9 2.10
Watts dBm
300 54.8
250 54.0
200 53.0
150 51.8
100 50.0
75 48.8
50 47.0
25 44.0
20 43.0
15 41.8
10 40.0
5 37.0
4 36.0
3 34.8
2 33.0
1 30.0
dBm = 10log P/1mW
Where P = power (Watt)
Insertion Loss
Input Power (Watts)
50 75 100 125 150 200 250 300
3 25 38 50 63 75 100 125 150
2.5 28 42 56 70 84 112 141 169
2 32 47 63 79 95 126 158 189
1.5 35 53 71 88 106 142 177 212
1 40 60 79 99 119 159 199 238
Insertion Loss
.5 45 67 89 111 134 178 223 267
Output Power (Watts)
Free Space Loss
Distance (miles)
.25 .50 .75 1 2 5 10 15
150 68 74 78 80 86 94 100 104
220 71 77 81 83 89 97 103 107
460 78 84 87 90 96 104 110 113
860 83 89 93 95 101 109 115 119
940 84 90 94 96 102 110 116 120
Frequency (MHz)
1920 90 96 100 102 108 116 122 126
Free Space Loss (dB)
Free space loss = 36.6 + 20log D + 20log F
Where D = distance in miles and F = frequency in MHz
Bird Technologies Group TX RX Systems Inc.
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8625 Industrial Parkway, Angola, NY 14006 Tel: 716-549-4700 Fax: 716-549-4772 sales@birdrf.com www.bird-technologies.com
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