For help and technical advice, please contact the Bio-Rad Technical Support department. In the United
States, the Technical Support department is open Monday–Friday, 5:00 AM–5:00 PM, Pacific time.
Phone: 1-800-424-6723
Fax: 1-510 -741-5802
Email: LSG_TechServ_US@bio-rad.com (for U.S. and international customers)
Online technical support and worldwide contact information are available at www.consult.bio-rad.com.
Legal Notices
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from Bio-Rad Laboratories.
Bio-Rad reserves the right to modify its products and services at any time. This instruction manual is subject
to change without notice. Although prepared to ensure accuracy, Bio-Rad assumes no liability for errors, or for
any damages resulting from the application or use of this information.
FAM and VIC are trademarks of Applera Corporation.
TaqMan is a trademark of Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
twin.tec is a trademark of Eppendorf, AG.
EvaGreen is a trademark of Biotium, Inc. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. is licensed by Biotium, Inc. to sell reagents
containing EvaGreen dye for use in real-time PCR, for research purposes only.
Bio-Rad’s thermal cyclers and real-time thermal cyclers are covered by one or more of the following U.S.
patents or their foreign counterparts owned by Eppendorf AG: U.S. Patent Numbers 6,767,512 and 7,074,367.
This product and/or its use is covered by claims of U.S. patents, and/or pending U.S. and non-U.S. patent
applications owned by or under license to Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Purchase of the product includes a
limited, non-transferable right under such intellectual property for use of the product for internal research
purposes only. No rights are granted for diagnostic uses. No rights are granted for use of the product for
commercial applications of any kind, including but not limited to manufacturing, quality control, or commercial
services, such as contract services or fee for services. Information concerning a license for such uses can be
obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories. It is the responsibility of the purchaser/end user to acquire any additional
intellectual property rights that may be required.
This instrument has been tested and found to be in compliance with all applicable requirements of the
following safety and electromagnetic standards:
IEC 61010-1:2010 (3rd ed.), EN61010-1:2010 (3rd ed). Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control,
and Laboratory Use — Part 1: General requirements
EN 61326-1:2006 (Class A). Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use. EMC
requirements, Part 1: General requirements
UL 61010-1:2004, Laboratory equipment, Test & Measurement Equipment and Industrial Process Controls
CAN/CSA 22.2 No 61010-1-04, Safety Requirements for Electrical. Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part I: General. Requirements
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation
of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
The CE mark indicates that the manufacturer ensures the product conforms with the essential
requirements of the applicable EN directives.
The CSA mark indicates that the product has been tested to Canadian and U.S. standards,
and it meets the requirements of those applicable standards.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment.
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive symbol indicates that when the enduser wishes to discard this product, it must be sent to separate collection facilities for recovery
and recycling.
This instrument is for use only by trained personnel.
Do not position the equipment so that it is difficult to operate the plug of the power supply.
The plug of the power supply is the disconnect device.
No serviceable parts inside.
ii | Automated Droplet Generatorii | Automated Droplet Generator
Page 5
Instrument Safety Warnings
Alteration of this instrument voids the warranty and safety certification and creates a potential safety hazard.
This instrument is intended for laboratory use only. Bio-Rad Laboratories is not responsible for any injury
or damage caused by use of this instrument for purposes other than those for which it is intended, or by
modifications of the instrument not performed by Bio-Rad Laboratories or an authorized agent. Follow the
safety specifications listed here and throughout this manual. Use only the power cord supplied with the
instrument, using only the plug adapter that corresponds to the electrical outlets in your region. Use of
unapproved supermixes may harm the instrument and voids the warranty.
When lifting, two people are required. Grip from the underside, one person on each opposite side.
After unpacking for placement of equipment, transport per lifting instructions; place near grounded outlet with
plug of power supply accessible.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Training
Proper use of gloves is recommended with use of oils and sample plates. OSHA requirements for PPE are set
forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 29 CFR 1910.132 (General requirements); 29 CFR 1910.138
(Hand protection); 29 CFR 1926.95 (Criteria for standard personal protective equipment). Any gloves with
impaired protective ability should be discarded and replaced. Consider the toxicity of the chemicals and
factors such as duration of exposure, storage, and temperature when deciding to reuse chemically exposed
gloves. Features to aid glove selection for handling of machines, assays, oils, and cleaning solvents:
Butyl gloves are made of a synthetic rubber and protect against peroxide, hydrofluoric acid, strong
bases, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones
Natural (latex) rubber gloves are comfortable to wear and feature outstanding tensile strength, elasticity,
and temperature resistance
Neoprene gloves are made of synthetic rubber and offer good pliability, finger dexterity, high density,
and tear resistance; they protect against alcohols, organic acids, and alkalis
Nitrile gloves are made of copolymer and provide protection from chlorinated solvents such as
trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene; they offer protection when working with oils, greases, acids, and
caustic substances
Transporting the Instrument
Avoid dropping or subjecting the instrument to shock when transporting.
Biohazards
If biohazardous samples are present, adhere to the following guidelines and comply with any local guidelines
specific to your laboratory and location.
Always wear laboratory gloves, coats, and safety glasses with side shields or goggles
Keep your hands away from your mouth, nose, and eyes
Completely protect any cut or abrasion before working with potentially infectious materials
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after working with any potentially infectious material
before leaving the laboratory
Remove wristwatches and jewelry before working at the bench
Store all infectious or potentially infectious material in unbreakable leak-proof containers
Before leaving the laboratory, remove protective clothing
Do not use a gloved hand to write, answer the telephone, turn on a light switch, or touch anything that
other people may touch without gloves
Change gloves frequently. Remove gloves immediately when they are visibly contaminated
Do not expose materials that cannot be properly decontaminated to potentially infectious material
Upon completion of the operation involving biohazardous material, decontaminate the work area with an
appropriate disinfectant (for example, a 1:10 dilution of household bleach)
No biohazardous substances are exhausted during normal operations of this instrument
iv | Automated Droplet Generator
Page 7
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. QX200™ AutoDG™ Droplet Digital™ PCR System ...........1
vi | Automated Droplet Generatorvi | Automated Droplet Generator
Page 9
1
QX200™ AutoDG™ Droplet
Digital™ PCR System
1.1 Introduction
Bio-Rad’s QX200 AutoDG Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR™) system combines
water-oil emulsion droplet technology with microfluidics to perform accurate and
precise digital PCR. The system consists of two instruments — an Automated
Droplet Generator and a Droplet Reader — and associated consumables. The
Automated Droplet Generator partitions each sample into ~20,000 uniform
nanoliter-sized droplets in which nucleic acid molecules are distributed in a
random fashion. Each droplet serves to partition the reactions. The 96-well PCR
plate of droplets is removed from the AutoDG Instrument, sealed, and PCR
is performed to end point in a thermal cycler. Droplets from each sample are
analyzed individually on the QX200 Droplet Reader; the droplets stream single
file through the reader for fluorescence analysis.
PCR-positive and PCR-negative droplets are counted to provide absolute
quantification of target DNA in digital form. Positive droplets, which contain
at least one copy of the target DNA or RNA molecule, exhibit increased
fluorescence compared to negative droplets. The fraction of PCR-positive
droplets enables the target to be quantified according to the Poisson
distribution. Alternatively, amplified products can be extracted from droplets
following PCR for downstream applications, such as sequencing or cloning.
The QX200 System works with both hydrolysis probes and EvaGreen
fluorescence detection chemistries, and its flexible design allows for high
throughput and ultra-sensitive detection.
This manual covers use of the Automated Droplet Generator and preparation for PCR. For information on the QX200
Droplet Reader, please refer to the QX200 Droplet Reader Instruction Manual, part number 10031906.
Single cell gene expression analysis
Absolute quantification
Rare mutant detection
miRNA analysis
NGS sample preparation
GMO detection
1.2 System Components
Bio-Rad’s Automated Droplet Generator simplifies the Droplet Digital PCR workflow, making digital PCR both
scalable and practical. The AutoDG Instrument prepares droplets for up to 96 samples at a time with minimal
hands-on time required. In less than 45 minutes, a plate of droplets can be generated. The plate can then be
sealed, thermal cycled, and ddPCR analysis can be performed on either a QX100
Automated droplet generation eliminates user-to-user variability that can be associated with manual droplet
generation. The AutoDG Instrument’s HEPA-filtered enclosure reduces contamination during droplet
generation. Consumables are automation-friendly with SBS standard access.
2 | Automated Droplet Generator
™
or QX200 Droplet Reader.
Page 11
1.2 System Components
The system’s guided quick load allows users to get started faster. The large, color touch screen provides simple
setup and plate tracking. Select the desired number of columns across a 96-well plate, load Droplet Generation
Oil and only the consumables you need as prompted by the system, and start the run. A countdown timer
will display the time remaining so users can maximize their time in the lab. When the plate is ready, users are
notified and a time-elapsed counter begins. Every run is stored in an exportable log file for future reference.
Following reaction preparation using ddPCR supermix, 22 µl of each of up to 96 prepared samples (or blanks) in
a 96-well plate are loaded into the Automated Droplet Generator. A bottle of the Automated Droplet Generation
Oil is loaded into the instrument, along with DG32
™
Cartridges and Pipet Tips for the AutoDG Instrument. There,
the samples and oil are combined within the microchannels of the cartridge to create an emulsion of ~20,000
monodisperse, nanoliter-sized droplets for each of the samples. Following automated droplet generation, the
96-well PCR plate of droplets is sealed, and PCR is performed to end point in a thermal cycler.
When cycling is complete, the plate is loaded into the QX200 Droplet Reader. The droplet reader sips each
sample, singulates the droplets, and streams them in single file past a two-color detector. The detector reads
each droplet and determines which contain a target (+) and which do not (–). If quantification of droplets is not
required, PCR products can be extracted from droplets following thermal cycling for downstream applications,
such as sequencing or cloning.
The Automated Droplet Generator includes the components listed in Table 1. Additional requirements for the
Droplet Digital PCR workflow (automated droplet generation, sealing, cycling, and reading) are listed in Table 2.
Table 1. Automated Droplet Generator components. Items shipped with the Automated Droplet Generator
(catalog #186-4101).
Component Description Catalog #
Automated Droplet Generator Instrument used for Automatic Droplet Generation 186-4101
Power cord Connects Automated Droplet Generator to power sourceCall technical support
Cooling block accessory Prevents evaporation during droplet generation Call technical support
Oil waste reservoir Collects oil waste from priming and flushing Call technical support
Automated Droplet Digital PCR involves the following steps (4.5–5 hours for the complete workflow):
1. Prepare PCR-ready samples — combine nucleic acid sample (DNA or RNA), primers, and probes (FAM,
VIC, or HEX) or intercalating dye (EvaGreen) with Bio-Rad ddPCR supermix (see Table 2).
2. Make droplets — load 22 μl of the ddPCR reaction into a 96-well PCR plate, then load the plate and required
consumables into the Automated Droplet Generator to partition the sample into droplets. The Automated
Droplet Generator uses microfluidics to combine oil and aqueous sample to generate the nanoliter-sized
droplets required for ddPCR analysis. It processes up to 96 samples at a time in less than 45 min.
Page 13
1.4 System Setup and General Operation Instructions
3. Perform PCR — remove the 96-well PCR plate containing droplets from the Automated Droplet Generator,
seal the plate with foil, and perform PCR to end point (~40 cycles) using a PX1
C1000 Touch
™
Thermal Cycler (see Table 2).
™
Plate Sealer and
4. Read droplets — load the plate into the QX200 (or QX100) Droplet Reader and start your run. The droplet
reader sips each sample, singulates the droplets, and streams them in single file past a two-color detector.
The detector reads the droplets to determine which contain a target (+) and which do not (–).
If reading or quantifying droplets and recovering material from droplets in parallel, prepare two sets of
reactions, one for each application. For example, a set of eight wells of droplets can be generated: four of
these will be read after thermal cycling, and four will not be read.
5. Analyze results — the droplet reader connects to a laptop computer running QuantaSoft
™
Software. The
software provides a complete set of tools for setting up and naming samples, running and controlling
the instrument, and analyzing results. It also reads the positive and negative droplets in each sample and
plots the fluorescence, droplet by droplet. The fraction of positive droplets in a sample determines the
concentration of target in copies/μl.
The QX200 ddPCR System is compatible with hydrolysis probe (TaqMan) chemistry and can detect up to
two fluorophores and up to four targets at a time (FAM/VIC or FAM/HEX). It is also compatible with EvaGreen
chemistry. Use only the approved Bio-Rad supermixes listed in Table 2 with this system; using unapproved
supermixes may harm the instrument and voids the warranty.
The QX100 ddPCR System does not support EvaGreen chemistry; running this chemistry will damage
the instrument.
1.4 System Setup and General Operation Instructions
Connect the Automated Droplet Generator to a power source using the power cord and power adapter
provided. Leave 2" (~5 cm) clear space behind and 5" (~13 cm) clear to the right and left of the instrument
for proper ventilation. Position the instrument such that it can be easily disconnected from the power
source, should that become necessary for servicing the equipment.
The Automated Droplet Generator is powered on by plugging it into a power source.
The Automated Droplet Generator (AutoDG™) is designed to remain powered
on in order to preserve positive airflow inside of the instrument and track
consumable use. The instrument stays in an idle state when not being used.
Please see Section 2.2 for instructions on starting a run from idle mode.
1. When powering on the Automated Droplet Generator, you will see a startup
screen while the instrument powers on and performs a self-check. Please
note that the door will automatically close.
Fig. 1. Star tup screen when instrument is powered on.
2. If the instrument deck is empty, the indicator lights on the deck of the Automated Droplet Generator
should be off, indicating that no consumables are present. The corresponding areas of the touch screen
will be gray.
Fig. 2. Home screen, no consumables loaded.
If consumables were present in the instrument when power was lost or disconnected, an error message
will appear prompting you to check and reset the consumables if necessary. The cartridges, gaskets, tips,
and plates are all single-use consumables and should be discarded after use. If the consumables in the
instrument are of questionable use after power loss, please remove and discard. Proceed to Section 2.2 to
start a run on the AutoDG Instrument.
A B
Fig. 3. Error messages displayed after power loss. A, when cartridges, tips, and/or plates are detected after power loss; B, when
cartridges, tips, and/or plates as well as a bottle of oil are detected after power loss.
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDGUsing the Automated Droplet Generator
2.2 Starting a Run on the AutoDG Instrument
1. Bring the Automated Droplet Generator out of idle mode by touching the screen. Please wait while the
instrument performs a self-check.
2. Check the indicator lights on the deck of the AutoDG Instrument nd the consumable icons on the touch
screen. Table 3 explains the deck lighting and touch screen icons and the instrument status they indicate.
Table 3. AutoDG Instrument status as indicated by deck lighting and touch screen.
Deck Lighting Status Touch Screen Icon Status Indication
Off Gray, Empty Ready to configure a new run
Off Gray, Used Ready to configure a new run; instrument will
prompt for consumable replacement in used
positions when the next run is configured
Green Green, Ready Ready to configure a new run; consumables in
the green positions are ready to be used
Yellow Yellow, Load Run configured, load consumables as
prompted (this status occurs only during
run setup)
Blue Blue, Complete Run complete and droplets ready; occurs
only at droplet plate position
The Automated Droplet Generator accepts either a sealed or open 96-well PCR plate
containing 22 µl prepared ddPCR
™
reactions. Detailed sample preparation and reaction setup
information can be found in the ddPCR Supermix product inserts.
3. To create a plate of droplets with the Automated Droplet Generator:
a. Touch the Configure Sample Plate button at the bottom center of the screen.
b. Touch or swipe across the screen to select the columns in which your samples are located on the
sample plate. Touching a selected column deselects it. You can touch any orientation of columns.
c. The plate name and plate notes are optional; touching the fields will bring up a keyboard on the screen.
Fig. 4. A , Home screen; B, Configure Sample Plate screen.
A B C
Fig. 5. Configure Sample Plate scre en with A , full plate of samples selected; B, half plate of samples sele cted; C, alternating
columns of samples selected.
4. Based on the number of columns selected in the previous step, the consumable icons on the screen will
begin to blink yellow to indicate where new consumables need to be loaded into the instrument.
If the blinking yellow icon displays Load on the screen, simply load a new consumable into the
designated area of the instrument.
If the blinking yellow icon displays Used on the screen, remove the used consumable from that location
in the instrument and load a new consumable.
If the icon remains gray on the screen, that consumable is not needed to complete the currently
configured run.
10 | Automated Droplet Generator
Page 19
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDGUsing the Automated Droplet Generator
Fig. 6. The Automated Droplet Generator keeps track of the consumables
so long as it is connected to a power supply. Based on the number of columns
configured, the system will prompt for only the number of consumables that need to
be loaded to complete the run. In this example, a full plate has been selected.
5. Open the door on the AutoDG Instrument by lifting up on the handle at the front of the instrument. The
electronic braking system will assist you in this task and prevent the lid from closing accidentally.
The Automated Droplet Generator door will close to preserve HEPA-filtered enclosure if left
open for longer than 20 minutes while in idle mode (not generating droplets). There is an
audible click when the door brake releases, and the door closes slowly. Please observe the
pinch points of the instrument and keep hands clear.
To avoid contamination, load the consumables from the back to the front of the instrument.
6. To load the DG32
™
AutoDG Cartridges along the back row of the instrument:
a. Remove the plastic wrapping from the DG32 cartridges and place, with the green gaskets to the right,
into the three plate holders. The holders are keyed for proper orientation of each DG32 cartridge to
prevent incorrect loading.
b. The lights on the DG32 plate holders will change from yellow to green when the DG32 cartridges are
inserted correctly. If a light remains yellow, try repositioning the plate in a different orientation.
c. As the lights turn green on the deck, the corresponding icons on the touch screen will go from blinking
yellow to solid green, and Ready will be displayed.
Fig. 7. A, DG32 Cartridge holders on the AutoDG deck in the “Load” st ate, indicated by yellow lights; B, green lights indicate
the DG32 Cartr idge has been correctly loaded and is ready.
Fig. 8. DG32 consumables have been correctly loaded. The
Ready status appears on the DG32 icons on the screen.
7. To load the AutoDG Pipet Tips along the center row of the instrument:
a. Remove the plastic wrapping and box lids from the tip boxes and place into the plate holders in the
middle of the deck. Only full tip boxes should be loaded.
b. Remove the tip waste bin containing any tips from a previous run and replace with a clean waste bin.
c. The lights on the tip box holders will change from yellow to green when the tip boxes are inserted correctly.
d. As the lights turn green on the deck, the corresponding areas of the touch screen will go from blinking
yellow to solid green, and Ready will be displayed.
Please note that only AutoDG Pipet Tips should be used; other tips can damage the instrument.
Page 21
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDG
Fig. 9. Pipet tip boxes have been correctly loaded. The Ready
status appears on the Pipet Tip icons on the screen.
8. To load the 96-well PCR plate containing your prepared ddPCR reactions into the front row of the instrument:
a. The sample plate can be sealed with a PX1
™
Plate Sealer and heat-sealing foil in advance of loading
into the AutoDG Instrument. Each well should contain 22 µl of your prepared ddPCR reaction. Please
see the supermix product insert for more detailed information on ddPCR reaction setup.
b. Place the plate into the front left plate holder, labeled on the screen as Sample Plate. The holder is
keyed for proper orientation and contains plate clips to support sealed plates.
c. The light on the Sample Plate holder will change from yellow to green when the plate is inserted
correctly. If the light remains yellow, try repositioning the plate in a different orientation.
d. As the light turns green on the deck, the corresponding icon on the touch screen will go from blinking
yellow to solid green, and Ready will be displayed.
Please note that a sample plate is required for every run, regardless of the number of columns selected.
Fig. 10. Sample plate has been correctly loaded. The Ready
status appears on the Sample Plate icon on the screen.
The cooling block should be placed in a –20°C freezer for at least 2 hours before configuring a
run on the AutoDG Instrument and inserting the Droplet Plate assembly into the instrument. The
block goes from a pink color at room temperature to a dark purple color when properly cooled.
9. To load the Droplet Plate assembly:
a. Remove the cooling block from the freezer and place into the front right plate holder, labeled on the
screen as Droplet Plate. The holder is keyed for proper orientation of the cooling block. The block
should be a dark purple color, indicating it is at the proper temperature. If the block is pink, it has
warmed up and should not be used (Figure 12).
b. The light on the instrument will change from yellow to green when the block is inserted correctly. If the
light remains yellow, try repositioning the block in a different orientation.
c. As the light turns green on the deck, the corresponding area of the screen will go from blinking yellow
to solid green, and Ready will be displayed.
d. Place a clean 96-well PCR plate for droplet collection into the cooling block accessory. The cooling
block is also keyed for proper orientation of the plate.
Please note that a clean droplet plate is required for every run, regardless of the number of columns selected.
Once generated, the droplets will be dispensed into the same plate orientation as the ddPCR reactions were
taken from the sample plate.
Fig. 11. Droplet plate and cooling block assembly have been
correctly loaded. The Ready status appears on the Droplet Plate
icon on the screen.
A
B
Fig. 12. A, cooling block ass embly is purple, indicating it is
ready to use for droplet generation. B, Cooling block assembly
is pink, indicating it should be placed in the freezer before use.
Page 23
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDG
?
Why do I need a cooling block?
The AutoDG Instrument uses a cooling method to prevent droplet evaporation, much like the
Droplet Generator requires you to cover the wells once droplets are transferred.
10. To load Automated Droplet Generation Oil into the instrument:
a. Remove the cap from the bottle of Automated Droplet Generation Oil and twist the bottle into the tower
of the oil delivery system at the front left corner of the instrument.
b. Select the type of Automated Droplet Generation Oil that was loaded into the instrument by touching
the droplet for either Probes or EvaGreen oil. The droplet you select will turn blue; touch OK to set
the oil type.
c. The Oil Level icon on the screen will turn blue and display the current oil level of the bottle. The system
will display the oil type at the bottom left of the screen as well.
Fig. 13. Select oil type when loading a bottle of Automate d
Droplet Generation Oil.
If a bottle of Automated Droplet Generation Oil was previously loaded, you may be prompted to confirm the
type of oil currently loaded into the instrument.
If the last plate was run on the AutoDG Instrument with a different oil type than the one being currently
loaded and selected, the instrument will perform a small volume purge of the oil through the delivery
system and into the oil waste reservoir. The total run time will be a few minutes longer when this occurs,
but droplet generation will not be impacted. To prevent this operation in the future, see Section 2.4 on
advanced oil loading an switching.
Automated Droplet Generation Oil for EvaGreen should be used only in combination with the
™
QX200
lead to poor results and damage to the QX200 Droplet Reader. The QX100
ddPCR system and ddPCR EvaGreen Supermix. The use of other supermixes can
™
ddPCR System
does not support EvaGreen chemistry; running this chemistry will damage the instrument.
11. Once all of the consumables are loaded and the corresponding lights are green on the deck and touch
screen, a blue Start button will appear at the bottom right of the screen. Touching Start will bring up a
confirmation window indicating the type of Droplet Generation Oil loaded, the number and orientation of
columns selected for droplet generation, and any plate name and details entered during configuration of
the sample plate.
Fig. 14. Home screen; all consumables a re correctly loaded and the
system is ready to start droplet generation.
A B C
Fig. 15. Run confirmation screen with A , full plate of samples selected; B, half plate of samples selected; C, a lternating
columns of samples selected.
Page 25
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDG
12. Once you have confirmed the plate setup, touch the Start Run button to begin droplet generation. The door
will automatically close at the beginning of the run and must remain closed during the run. Opening the door
before the Droplets Ready message appears will cause the instrument to terminate the run.
If the selected columns on the confirmation screen do not match the location of samples in your sample
plate, touch Back to change. Touch the sample plate to bring up the Configure Sample Plate window and
change your selection.
Fig. 16. The AutoDG door automatically closes at the start of each
run and must remain closed until droplet generation is complete.
13. After a brief initialization, the Automated Droplet Generator will display a countdown timer on the screen
with time remaining until the plate of droplets is ready. No additional action is needed until the plate is
ready. The initialization can take 1–5 min, depending on whether the oil type has been changed or not
(see Section 2.4).
A B
Fig. 17. A, initializing display at the beginning of a run; B, countdown timer display indicates the time remaining until droplet
generation is complete and the Droplet Plate can be removed.
If for any reason you need to stop the run, touch the Abort button on the countdown timer screen. A
confirmation window will appear; touch Ye s to abort the run or No to return to the countdown timer. Please
note that stopping the Automated Droplet Generator during a run can result in loss of the current column
of samples being processed.
A B
Fig. 18. A, touching the Abor t button will bring up a confirmation screen; B, system display with time since run aborted.
14. Once the plate of droplets is ready, the screen will display a finalizing window followed by a blue Droplets
ready message with a timer showing time elapsed since complete.
A B
Fig. 19. A, finalizing display at the end of a run; B, count-up display indicating the time that has elapsed since droplet
generation completed.
The Droplet Plate at the front right corner of the instrument will be illuminated blue. The corresponding
icon on the touch screen will also pulse blue. The door on the instrument will unlock and the droplet plate
can be removed. Please wait to remove the oil bottle as noted on the screen; the unused oil is being
returned to the bottle.
Page 27
2.2 Starting a Run from Idle Mode on the AutoDGUsing the Automated Droplet Generator
If any errors were encountered during the run, an error notification will appear below the count-up timer.
Touch the Errors encountered button to bring up the run logs and identify the error.
Fig. 20. Droplet generation is complete. Please wait to remove the oil
bottle until the orange message disappears from the screen.
15. Remove the droplet plate containing ddPCR droplets and seal within 30 min of droplet generation
completing. Use the PX1 PCR Plate Sealer and foil seals listed in Table 2. Follow the instructions in the
PX1 PCR Plate Sealer Instruction Manual (part number 10023997).
a. Set the plate sealer temperature to 180°C and time to 5 sec.
b. Touch the arrow to open the PX1 tray door. Position the support block on the tray with the 96-well side
facing up. Place the 96-well plate onto the support block and ensure that all plate wells are aligned with
the support block.
c. Cover the 96-well plate with one sheet of pierceable foil seal. (The yellow label on the Bio-Rad heat seal
bag identifies the sealing surface.) Do not attempt to place the frame over the foil-covered plate. The
frame is only for use with other seals.
d. Once the 96-well plate is secured on the support block and covered with the pierceable foil seal, touch
the Seal button. The tray will close and heat sealing will initiate.
e. When heat sealing is complete, the PX1 door will open automatically. Remove the plate from the block
for thermal cycling. Remove the block from the PX1 Sealer.
f. Check that all the wells in the plate are sealed; the depressions of the wells should be visible on the foil.
Once sealed, the plate is ready for thermal cycling.
Begin thermal cycling (PCR) within 30 min of sealing the plate, or store the plate at 4°C for up to 4 hr prior
to thermal cycling. Refer to the supermix product inserts for cycling conditions.
Fig. 21. PX1 PCR Plate Sealer (left) and a sealed 96-well plate (right).
2.3 Subsequent Steps
Once the 96-well plate containing the droplets is sealed, place it into the thermal cycler for PCR amplification.
Refer to the supermix product inserts for cycling conditions. When PCR amplification is complete, remove the
96-well plate from the thermal cycler and read the droplets using the QX100 or QX200 Droplet Reader (follow
the instructions in the QX200 Droplet Reader Instruction Manual, part number 10031906).
If the goal is to read or quantify droplets and recover material from droplets in parallel, prepare two sets
of reactions, one for each application. For example, a set of eight wells in a single DG8
generated: four of these will be read after thermal cycling, and four will not be read. Refer to the QX200
Droplet Reader Instruction Manual (part number 10031906) for more details.
™
cartridge can be
2.4 Advanced Loading and Switching of Automated Droplet
Generation Oils
When a new or different bottle of oil is loaded, or when power is lost, the Automated Droplet Generator will
perform a small volume flush and prime of the oil delivery system. If the AutoDG Instrument has not been used
for an extended time period (a week or more) but left powered on, it is recommended to perform a flush and
prime routine before running a plate.
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2.4 Advanced Loading and Switching of Automated Droplet Generation OilsUsing the Automated Droplet Generator
2.4.1 Loading a Bottle of Oil before Configuring a Plate
To save time at the beginning of a run, a bottle of Automated Droplet Generation Oil can be loaded into the
instrument, and the oil delivery system primed, at any point. When there is no bottle of oil loaded into the
instrument, the Oil Level display on the screen will appear gray to indicate it is empty. The Oil Type display on
the screen will not display an oil type.
Fig. 22. Home screen with oil level and oil type waiting to be set.
1. Open the door of the AutoDG Instrument by lifting up on the handle until it clicks into a locked position.
2. Remove the cap from the bottle of AutoDG Oil and insert the bottle into the tower of the oil delivery system
at the front left corner of the instrument.
3. Touch the O il Type button on the home screen to bring up the Select Oil Type display.
4. Touch the droplet to indicate which type of oil has been loaded. To help differentiate, the AutoDG Oil for
Probes bottle has a yellow label and contains a yellow straw, while the AutoDG Oil for EvaGreen bottle has
a green label and contains a green straw.
A B
Fig. 23. A, oil selection display; B, AutoDG Oil for Probes selected.
5. The instrument will check that there is oil in the bottle. If you did not load a bottle (or insert the bottle
completely) as described in step 2, you will be prompted to load a bottle of the oil type that you selected in
the previous screen. Once correctly loaded, the AutoDG Instrument will begin the flush and prime routine.
A B C
Fig. 24. A , display while checking for the bot tle; B, display while priming the oil deliver y system with AutoDG Oil for Probes;
C, display while priming the oil delivery system with AutoDG Oil for EvaGreen.
6. Once complete, the instrument will display a screen confirming successful priming of the selected and
loaded oil.
A B
Fig. 25. A , successful priming of AutoDG Oil for Probes; B, successful priming of AutoDG Oil for EvaGreen.
7. Touch OK to return to the home screen. The Oil Level icon will now reflect the amount of oil in the bottle,
and the Oil Type icon will reflect the type of oil loaded and primed.
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2.4 Advanced Loading and Switching of Automated Droplet Generation Oils
A B
Fig. 26. A, home screen displaying a full bottle of AutoDG Oil for Probes loaded; B, a partial bottle of AutoDG Oil for Probes loaded.
2.4.2 Changing between AutoDG Oil Types
Changing between Automated Droplet Generation Oils can be performed at any time, and the oil delivery
system primed. The flush and prime when changing chemistries is important for good ddPCR results.
The AutoDG Instrument will perform the flush and prime at the start of any run where the oil selected differs
from the previous run. Changing oils ahead of time saves time at the beginning of the droplet generation
process. Because the AutoDG Instrument keeps track of the type of oil used in a previous run, so long as it is
powered on, it will perform this operation before beginning a plate of droplets with a different type of oil.
To perform the oil change at any time:
1. Open the door of the AutoDG Instrument by lifting up on the handle until it clicks into a locked position.
2. Remove the bottle currently loaded and replace the cap tightly for storage.
3. Remove the cap from the alternate type of AutoDG Oil and insert the bottle into the tower of the oil delivery
system at the front left corner of the instrument.
4. Touch the O il Type button on the home screen to bring up the Select Oil Type display.
5. The oil type previously set in the instrument will be selected in blue. Touch the other type of oil to activate
the Change Oil button.
Fig. 27. An example of switching oil types. A, oil selection display with Probes
selected; B, Change Oil button activated by touching the EvaGreen droplet.
6. The instrument will check that a new bottle has been properly loaded and that there is oil in the bottle. If
you did not load a bottle (or insert the bottle completely) as described in step 3, you will be prompted to
load a bottle of the oil type that you selected in the previous screen. Once correctly loaded, the AutoDG
Instrument will begin the flush and prime routine.
7. Once complete, the instrument will display a screen confirming successful priming of the selected and
loaded oil.
8. Touch OK to return to the home screen. The Oil Level icon will now reflect the amount of oil in the bottle,
and the Oil Type icon will reflect the type of oil loaded and primed, which will now be different than
previously displayed.
2.5 Accessing Run Logs
The AutoDG Instrument stores information about each run, including consumables used, rows of reactions
processed, and any errors that may have occurred.
To access the run log:
1. Touch the Run Log button on the home screen.
2. To display detailed information about a run, touch the run.
3. Touch OK to return to the run log (and to export run log or exit).
Page 33
Fig. 28. AutoDG Instrument run log displaying runs completed or terminated.
2.5 Accessing Run LogsUsing the Automated Droplet Generator
Fig. 29. E xample of Run Details for a run terminated by the system due to a pipet tip
box lid being left on when placed in the instrument. The run details are displayed on the
left of the screen and the error details on the right.
2. Remove the AutoDG Instrument’s side panel to the right of the touch screen. Slide the magnetic panel
down to release, then pull straight out to remove the panel.
3. Insert a USB key into the USB port on the side of the instrument.
4. Touch the Export All button at the bottom left of the screen.
5. Wait while the system exports the run logs to the USB key.
6. When finished, Run logs successfully exported will be displayed on the screen. It is now safe to remove
the USB key.
7. Replace the side panel.
If the USB key is not connected, the AutoDG Instrument will display USB key not found. Please insert it and try again. Insert the USB key and touch Retry to proceed.
Page 35
Specifications and
3
Maintenance
3.1 Specifications
35 inches
(89 cm)
open
26 inches
(66 cm)
Weight 100 lb (45.4 kg)
Size (W x D x H) 26 x 22 x 26" (66 x 56 x 66 cm)
Electrical requirements 100–240 V, 50/60 Hz, 90 W; voltage fluctuations not to
exceed +10% of ratings (for external power supply provided)
Fuse 4 A, 24 V internal (not user serviceable)
Temperature 18–30ºC, optimal range is 23 ± 2°C
Altitude 0–6,500 ft (0–2,000 m), optimal range is 0–500 m
Humidity 50% max (noncondensing)
Pollution degree 2 (indoor use)
Installation category II (external power supply plugs into standard AC receptacle)
Ventilation requirement 5" (13 cm) left and right of machine and 2" (5 cm) behind
Surfaces of the instrument may require general cleaning. Use deionized/distilled water for general wipe down
with a slightly dampened cloth. For decontamination, 10% bleach followed by 70% ethanol and/or deionized/
distilled water may be used on all surfaces except the door. Do not use acetone or tap water.
Inspect equipment regularly for damaged external components or wiring. Do not use if damaged.
Apply standard MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) and OSHA practices when handling and disposing of
generated waste.
Bio-Rad droplet generation and reader fluids are based on fluorinated hydrocarbon chemistry and should be
disposed of in accordance with institutional, state, and local regulations. These nonflammable fluids are inert
and have low environmental impact and low toxicity. Collect waste in a polyethylene container and discard
within one month.
Droplets made with Bio-Rad master mix have antimicrobial properties, but microbial growth is possible.
The waste profile should contain the following: fluorinated hydrocarbons, water, fluorescent dye (from probes),
intercalating dye, protein, and nucleic acids. The droplet generator is not intended to be used with
biohazardous material.
Do not replace detachable power cord with an uncertified or an inadequately rated cord.
The Automated Droplet Generator is verified to be functioning to manufacturer specifications upon installation.
Yearly preventative maintenance offered by Bio-Rad is recommended to ensure the instrument continues to
function according to specifications.
3.2.2 Software and Firmware Updates
If Bio-Rad informs you that a new version of software and firmware are available for the Automated Droplet
Generator, the upgrade can be performed with a USB key.
1. Remove AutoDG Instrument’s side panel to the right of the touch screen. Slide the magnetic panel down to
release, then pull straight out to remove the panel.
2. Insert a USB key into the USB port on the side of the instrument.
3. Touch the Settings button on the home screen.
4. Scroll down to the Update section of the menu and touch Update Software and Firmware.
5. Wait while the system completes the upgrade.
6. When finished, a message will appear indicating it is safe to remove the USB key.
It is recommended that you clean the oil waste reservoir on a quarterly basis, or more frequently if switching
Droplet Generation Oil chemistries (probe/EvaGreen) frequently. The oil waste reservoir collects Droplet
Generation Oil during the flush and prime routine; it is unused oil that has not come into contact with the
™
ddPCR
1. Touch the Settings button on the home screen.
2. Under the System Maintenance section of the menu, touch Remove Oil Waste Reservoir.
reaction. To access the oil waste reservoir:
Fig. 30. System Maintenance section of the Settings menu..
3. If the door is open it will close automatically and a message will appear. Touch OK to continue.
4. The droplet generation head of the AutoDG Instrument will slide out of the way, exposing the small oil
waste reservoir. The screen will display a Moving droplet generationhead message while this occurs.
5. Once complete, the onscreen instructions will prompt you to remove the oil waste reservoir, clean, and
replace it. Open the door and remove the reservoir from the back left corner of the instrument deck. The
reservoir is magnetic and can be lifted easily.
6. Wash the oil waste reservoir with distilled water, dry completely, and replace.
7. Touch the OK button to close the door and move the droplet generation head back into place. The Moving droplet generationhead message will once again be displayed while this occurs.
8. When finished, a complete message will appear, and you can touch OK to return to the Settings menu.
Page 38
Page 39
Automated Droplet
4
Generator Troubleshooting
The Automated Droplet Generator provides onscreen troubleshooting should
an error occur. Guidance will be provided as to how to best resolve the error, or
the instrument will advise that Bio-Rad Technical Support be contacted.
4.1 Restarting a Run after an Error
If the AutoDG™ Instrument encounters an obstruction during the run, it will
stop the run and display an error message with the area of the deck that
needs attention.
1. Open the door and remove the obstruction and/or replace the consumable
indicated in the onscreen error message.
2. Close the door and touch OK on the error display.
3. Touch the Configure Sample Plate icon on the home screen; the AutoDG
Instrument remembers the status of all consumables so long as it remains
connected to a power supply.
4. On the screen, select the columns of samples remaining to be processed
and touch OK.
5. Touch the Start Droplet Generation icon to resume the run.
Fig. 31. Example of error mess age displayed when the lid is left on the box of tips
placed in the lef t tip box holder. The run stops and an error message indicating the position
of the error displays on the touch screen.
4.2 Restarting a Run after a System Error
If the AutoDG Instrument encounters a system error during the run, it will stop the run and display an error
message requiring power cycling.
1. Unplug the AutoDG Instrument from the power supply.
2. Wait 30 sec and plug it back in.
Fig. 32. Example of System Error message. The run stops and power cycling the instrument is required.
Page 41
4.3 Exporting Logs for Technical SupportAutomated Droplet Generator Troubleshooting
3. The AutoDG Instrument will not be able to recall the status of all consumables and will require manual
confirmation (see Section 2.1).
4. Reset the unused consumables and touch the Configure Sample Plate icon on the home screen.
5. Select the columns of samples remaining to be processed on the screen and touch OK.
6. Touch the Start Droplet Generation icon to restart the run.
4.3 Exporting Logs for Technical Support
In the event of a system error that cannot be resolved, please contact Bio-Rad Technical Support as indicated
on the touch screen. The error number and serial number of your AutoDG Instrument are provided on the
screen; please provide these to the technical support representative.
You will also be asked to export and submit the history and run logs for the Automated Droplet Generator.
Please note that no sample data is transferred in this process, just the run log of the instrument. To export
both history and run logs together:
1. Remove the side panel of the AutoDG Instrument to the right of the touch screen. Slide the magnetic panel
down to release, then pull straight out to remove the panel.
2. Insert a USB key into the USB port on the side of the instrument.
3. Touch the Settings button on the home screen.
4. Scroll down to the Logs section of the menu and touch Export all logs.
5. Please wait while the system exports the instrument logs to the USB key.
6. When finished, an export complete message will appear indicating it is safe to remove the USB key.
Use the following table to help you troubleshoot issues with your AutoDG Instrument. If you have
additional questions or if the recommended action does not resolve the problem, please contact
Bio-Rad Technical Support.
Table 4. Additional troubleshooting for the AutoDG Instrument.
Issue Possible Causes Action
No screen display
No response when you
power on the instrument
Screen display is missing LCD screen failure Request service
characters, illegible, or
not responsive to touch
Door won’t open or is Instrument is running Wait for droplet generation to complete or touch
hard to open
Connect the instrument to a power supply and wait
Not connected to power source Check power cord is securely connected
Instrument is disconnected
from a power supply
the Abort button on the screen to terminate the
run early. Once movement has stopped inside
the instrument, the door will unlock and can be
opened easily.
for initialization to complete; the door will unlock
and can be opened easily.
Light under a consumable Consumable is not inserted all Try positioning the consumable in a different
stays yellow of the way or is in the incorrect orientation
orientation
Red Oil Level icon AutoDG Oil bottle contains Be prepared to insert a new bottle of oil during the
less than a full plate’s worth of setup process for the next plate
oil and will require additional oil
to complete the next run