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EE Networking
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Operations Guide
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Avaya EE Networking Operations Guide

Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide
1-800-4 NORTEL www.nortelnetworks.com
© 1999 Nortel Networks P0910464 Issue 01
2
Enterprise Edge Attendant Console User Guide P0908544 Issue 01

Contents

Chapter 1 Introducing Enterprise Edge 7
Routing and IP Services 7
System Software 8
Chapter 2 Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager 9
Understanding Unified Manager 9
Changing the appearance of Unified Manager 12 Adjusting Unified Manager views 12 Navigating between views 13 Changing column order 14 Generating statistics 15
Menu descriptions 16
Chapter 3 Using Enterprise Edge Services 17
Enterprise Edge required parameters 17 Setting up an Enterprise Edge IP Address 18 Setting up web-based administration 19
Browser settings: 19 Logging on to Enterprise Edge 20 Logging off Enterprise Edge 21 Powering down the Enterprise Edge server 21 Rebooting the Enterprise Edge server 21 IP Routing 22
IP Routing Overview 22
Enterprise Edge IP routing specifics 23
IP Addressing Overview 23
Static Routing 24
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 24
Enabling RIP on Network Interfaces 24
Packet Filtering 24
LAN-to-LAN Fast Path Routing 25 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 25
Automatic Configuration using a DHCP server 26
Guidelines for Using DHCP 26 Domain Name Service (DNS) 27
Guidelines for Using DNS 27 Web Caching/Proxy 28
Guidelines for Using Web Caching/Proxy 28
4 Contents
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 29
SNMP Overview 29
Guidelines for Using SNMP 29 Quality of Service 30
QoS overview 30
DiffServ Networks 31
Legacy Network 31
Admission Control 32
Packet Marking for DiffServ Networks 33
Port Range Setting for Legacy Networks 35
Relationship between the QoS Module and the VoIP QoS Monitor 36
Enterprise Edge QoS Restrictions and Defaults 36 LAN Connections 37 WAN Connections 37
WAN overview 37
Permanent WAN Connections 38
Frame Relay 38
PPP 38
Backup Up WAN Connection 39
Backup WAN Links 40
Chapter 4 Configuring Unified Manager Settings 41
Accessing system, resources, services and management settings on Unified
Manager 42
Configuring system settings 42
System name 43
System performance graphs and tables 46
System Fault Alarm Banner 47
System name, date and time 49
Chapter 5 Configuring Resources Settings 51
LAN 52
WAN primary links 56
WAN Primary Link Summary Parameters 58
WAN Primary Link Line Parameters 59
WAN Primary Link Frame Relay Parameters 61
WAN Primary Link PPP parameters 65
WAN Primary Link performance graphs and tables 66
WAN Backup Links 67
WAN Backup Link Summary Parameters 68
WAN Backup Link Parameters 69
WAN Backup Access Parameters 71
MSC 72
Telephony 73
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Chapter 6 Configuring Services Settings 75
DHCP 76
DHCP LAN 78
DNS 84
Routing 85
LAN Routing 86
WAN Routing 99
SNMP 101
SNMP Community List, Manager List, and Trap Community List 103
QoS 108
QoS performance graphs and tables 112
QoS filters 113
QoS Port Ranges 116
VoIP gateway 118
VoIP local and remote gateways 119
QoS monitor 124
QoS Monitor Mean Opinion Score 125
Web cache 126
NetLink Manager 127
Voice Record 129
Voice Record report settings 130
Voice Record report options 132
Voice Record market parameters 134
Voice Record PreFix 136
Voice Record Access/Suppress 137
TAPI Service Provider 138
Voice Service 140
Alarm Service 142
Voice Mail 143
Contents 5
Chapter 7 Configuring Management Settings 145
Configuring Management Settings 145
User Manager 145
Alarm Manager 148
Chapter 8 Diagnostics and Utilities 151
Saving System Settings 151 Downloading System Settings 152 Graphs and tables 154
Generating Statistics 154
Sample Rate 155 Error Messages 156
User Actions 156
Errors List 156
6 Contents
MIB II Information 161
Counters Shown at LAN and WAN Interface Levels 161
ICMP Counters 162
UDP Counters 163
TCP Counters 163
QoS Session Counters 163
QoS Best Effort Traffic Counters 163
QoS Dropped Packets Counter 164
QoS Graph Counters 164
QoS Best Effort Queue Counters 164
Appendix A: Troubleshooting 165
How to Get Help 165 Troubleshooting 165
Appendix B: Setting Up Remote Routers 167
Creating an Outbound Traffic Filter 167 Sample Criteria, Ranges, and Actions for UDP Filtering 168
Glossary 169
Index 177
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01

Introducing Enterprise Edge

Routing and IP Services

Enterprise Edge supports the following routing and IP Services:
• Routing Services – IP Routing Protocol – RAS Service and Dial In Capabilities for Management Purposes Only – RIP – Packet Filtering
• IP Services: – DHCP – DNS – Web Caching
• VoIP (voice over IP) Service
1
VoIP is a term used in IP telephony for a set of facilities that manage voice information delivery using Internet Protocol (IP). VoIP sends voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than in the traditional circuit­committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids ordinary tele­phone service tolls.
VoIP derives from the VoIP Forum which promotes the use of ITU-T H.323 as the standard for sending voice (audio) and video using IP on the public Internet and within intranets. The VoIP Forum also promotes the use of directory service standards so that users can locate other users and the use of touch-tone signals for automatic call distribution and voice mail.
In addition, VoIP uses the real-time protocol (RTP) over IP to help ensure that packets get delivered in a timely way. Using public networks, it is currently difficult to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). Better service is possible with private networks managed by an enterprise or by an Internet telephony service provider (ITSP).
When using VoIP a business positions Enterprise Edge as a gateway. The gateway receives packetized voice transmissions from users within the company and then routes them to other parts of its intranet (local area or wide area network) or sends them over the public switched telephone network.
8 Introducing Enterprise Edge

System Software

Enterprise Edge provides services to end-users in a small office environment. The following services are managed through Enterprise Edge Unified Manager, a web­based user interface:
• IP Services
• VoIP Service
• Telephony Functions: – PBX Call Processing – Voice Mail – Call Center Solution with Auto-Attendant
• Management Server Module
• QoS Module
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01

Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager

This chapter introduces the major elements on the Enterprise Edge Unified Manager graphical user interface including navigation and menu descriptions.
Unified Manager lets you view and change configuration settings for:
• IP Services
• VoIP Service
• Telephony Functions
• Management Server Module
• QoS Module

Understanding Unified Manager

The Unified Manager main view shows the Unified Manager view including:
• The menu where users click commands
• The navigation tree used for navigating between views and configuration screens
2
• The information panel view.
Unified Manager main view
menu
navigation tree
keys
10 Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager
As you navigate the menu tree shown in Unified Manager main view on page 9, Unified Manager displays configuration screens. The screens contain settings that you can edit to configure Enterprise Edge settings.
Enterprise Edge uses boxes and dialog boxes for configuring settings. Boxes let you to edit and save data line by line. Each time you tab to the next line, the previous line’s values are saved. See Unified Manager main view on page 9 for an example.
If a value is invalid, a beep sounds and an error message appears to alert you of the error. The dialog box format allows you to enter text in boxes and save the settings by clicking the Save button. See Unified Manager main view on page 9 for an example.
The configuration screen contains:
• the title of the screen
• boxes
• scroll bars, when needed
• Save and Cancel buttons
To configure settings:
1. Click keys on the navigation tree or click commands on the menu. The corresponding dialog box or screen appears.
2. Type the information in the appropriate box.
3. Click the Save button to save changes or click the Cancel button to close the configuration screen without saving any changes.
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Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager 11
The following figure shows boxes and a scroll bar:
boxes
To make changes to boxes:
1. Click keys on the navigation tree until the configuration screen appears. See Unified Manager main view on page 9.
scroll bar
2. Type the updates in the appropriate boxes and follow the syntax that appears next to the box. If there is an error, a beep sounds and an error message appears.
3. Press the Tab key to move to the next box. Pressing the Tab key saves changes in the current box and moves the cursor to the next box..
Note: In some instances you must press the Tab key several times to move the
cursor to the next box.
12 Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager

Changing the appearance of Unified Manager

You can choose from a Windows, Motif, or Metal look and feel. To change the appearance of Unified Manager:
1. Click View and then click Windows, Motif, or Metal. The view changes to a Windows, Motif, or default Metal appearance.
Changing look and feel

Adjusting Unified Manager views

The Enterprise Edge views are adjustable. You can resize Unified Manager and configuration screens.
To resize a view or screens:
1. Move the pointer over any edge until it changes to a double-headed arrow.
2. Drag the edge of the screen to the desired location and release the mouse.
adjustable edges
adjustable edges on navigation tree
adjustable columns
Note: Each time you exit Unified Manager, the display returns to the default
configuration.
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Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager 13

Navigating between views

Choosing items in the navigation tree is the primary method for navigating the Unified Manager menu.
The navigate between views:
1. Point to an item in the navigation tree and click the key to expand to the desired view.
2. On the navigation tree, click the name of the item to display specific information. In this example, WAN is selected.
3. Click an item from the column to see information about it. In this example, WAN1 is selected. The resource information appears.
keys
click to view
click to view
14 Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager

Changing column order

You can change the order and size of data views in Unified Manager. You can customize the view by resizing column widths or by reordering columns.
To change column order:
1. Click the column that you want to move.
2. Drag and drop the column to the appropriate location.
To change column width:
1. Move the pointer over any edge until it changes to a double-headed arrow.
2. Pull the column edge to the appropriate location.
column heading
column edge
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Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager 15

Generating statistics

Enterprise Edge provides statistical information on Enterprise Edge server throughput and other performance-related information. The data is formatted in a Statistical chart or Statistical table format.
For additional performance information and instructions, see Graphs and tables on page 154.
Statistical chart
Statistical table
16 Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager

Menu descriptions

You access Enterprise Edge functions using the menu. The menu is dynamic which means that the menu commands change depending on the action a user takes.
Enterprise Edge menu
menu
Menu descriptions
Use To
Group View the system, resources, services, and management. Edit Edit parameters. Configuration Access configuration dialog boxes and screens Performance Access performance graphs and tables. Fault Access fault management settings. Report Generate a report. Tools Use Enterprise Edge tools. Logoff Log off the Enterprise Edge server. View Change the appearance from Windows, Motif or Sun Swing. Help Access online help.
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01

Using Enterprise Edge Services

This chapter includes information on:
• Enterprise Edge required parameters
• Setting up an Enterprise Edge IP Address
• Setting up web-based administration
• Logging on to Enterprise Edge
• Logging off Enterprise Edge
• Powering down the Enterprise Edge server
• Rebooting the Enterprise Edge server
• IP routing
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Domain Name Server (DNS) Service
• Web Caching/Proxy
3
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Using Traffic Filters
• Using Protocol Prioritization Queues
• LAN Connections
• WAN Connections

Enterprise Edge required parameters

The Enterprise Edge quick start module provides quick access to the parameters necessary for the Enterprise Edge server to become active online. However, you need to enter a minimum set of parameters within the quick start module. For more information, see the Enterprise Edge Installation Guide.
Obtain the required parameter values from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or corporate network administrator.
Note: Nortel Networks recommends that after you powered on the Enterprise
Edge server and connect with either an RS-232 or an Ethernet port, configure all the required parameters at the same time. After you configure the parameters, reboot the Enterprise Edge server from either the console or the graphical user interface (GUI).
18 Using Enterprise Edge Services
Users must enter the following parameters:
• Initial IP and mask for all network interfaces
• Primary (and optional secondary) DNS servers
• Default next hop router
• Fractional T1 channel numbers (if you are using fractional TI)
• System name
• WAN Link Protocol
• Frame Relay DLCI / CIR (if applicable)
• V.90 modem dial-up username and password (if applicable)
• V.90 modem dial-up phone number and optional alternate phone number (if applicable)
The following table describes the Enterprise Edge server connectivity options.
Field Definition
HTTP You can launch your JAVA-enabled browser to connect to the Enterprise Edge
server IP address that connects to your PC. This displays the log in screen. See the Enterprise Edge log on screen
TTY You can connect a dumb terminal to the console of the Enterprise Edge server
through an RS-232 cross-over cable, or, you can use Hyperterminal from Win95/ Win NT systems. Refer to the installation guide for console menus.
on page 20.

Setting up an Enterprise Edge IP Address

To manage the Enterprise Edge server using a web browser or a Telnet connection, you must first set up the IP address. The Enterprise Edge server LAN interface is shipped with default IP 10.10.10.1 and mask 255.255.255.0.
To set up the Enterprise Edge server initial IP address using a RS-232 port:
1. Turn on the Enterprise Edge server power switch.
2. Connect a PC or laptop computer to the Enterprise Edge server RS-232 port.
3. Start a hyper terminal on the PC or laptop computer.
4. Enter the LAN/WAN IP address and other parameters.
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01
To set up the Enterprise Edge server IP address using a LAN:
1. Turn on the Enterprise Edge server power switch.
2. Connect a laptop to the Enterprise Edge server by Ethernet (back-to-back by using a crossover cable to avoid disturbing the corporate LAN).
3. Set your PC or laptop computer IP address to 10.10.10.2 with a mask
255.255.255.0.
4. Start a web browser on your laptop with a URL 10.10.10.1.

Setting up web-based administration

To establish web-based administration, a workstation needs to be set up as an Enterprise Edge client with Internet Explorer 4.0 or greater and a JAVA Virtual Machine (JVM) 5.0.0.2922 or greater installed.
To install JVM on a workstation, search the Microsoft information web page for instructions.
Using Enterprise Edge Services 19
This minimum PC requirements are discussed in Enterprise Edge specifications. Note: The ideal display for a monitor attached to Enterprise Edge is 1280 x 1024.

Browser settings:

Set your browser as follows:
Program Required Settings
Netscape Communicator 4.5 or greater
Internet Explorer 4.0 or greater
Click Settings: Edit: Preferences Category Advanced set Enable Java: On set Category: Cache set Cached document comparison: Every Time
Choose Views: Internet Options Category: General: Temporary Internet Files: Settings
click Check for newer versio ns of stored pages: Every vis it to t he page
set Advanced Java VM set Java JIT compiler enabled
Enterprise Edge OA&M allows multiple users to log on. If each user that logs on attempts to configure the same or related subsystems, the most recent modification remains in effect and overwrites changes by another administrator. Administrators must be careful to not make any unintended changes.
20 Using Enterprise Edge Services
Nortel Networks recommends that only one administrator user account is maintained in Enterprise Edge and access is closely cont rolled. Administrators must coordinate changes to avoid unintended changes.
Note: Do not use proxy servers while configuring Enterprise Edge using WEB
OA&M. You must disable proxies and directly access Enterprise Edge. The configuration procedures depend on the browser and version.

Logging on to Enterprise Edge

To log on to Enterprise Edge:
1. Open a web browser.
2. In the address, type the Enterprise Edge IP Address in a web browser. For example: HTTP://10.10.10.1
3. Press the Enter key. The Enterprise Edge log on screen appears
4. In the Login box, type your log on name. The default log on name is supervisor.
5. In the Password box, type your password. The default password is super.
6. Click the Configure button. The Enterprise Edge Unified Manager software starts. Consult your system administrator for appropriate information. Depending on your system, Unified Manager software can take up to several minutes to initialize.
Enterprise Edge log on screen
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01
The log on screen includes these boxes:
Field Definition
Login The user name. The name can contain up to 50 case-sensitive alphanumeric
characters. The default log in name is supervisor.
Password The Enterprise Edge password. The password name can contain up to 12 case-
sensitive alphanumeric characters. The default password is super. Configure lets you access Enterprise Edge configuration. Upload lets you upload and apply Enterprise Edge settings and system settings. Download lets you download and save Enterprise Edge settings and system settings.

Logging off Enterprise Edge

To log off Enterprise Edge:
1. Click the MSP icon on the left frame.
2. On the menu click Logoff and then click Logoff.
A message appears that asks you to confirm your request to log off.
Using Enterprise Edge Services 21
3. Click the Yes button to log off.

Powerin g d o wn the Enterpri s e E dge server

To power down the Enterprise Edge server:
1. From the menu of the console, quit Enterprise Edge.
2. Remove the power connection.

Rebooting the Enterprise Edge server

To reboot the Enterprise Edge server:
1. Click Logoff and then click Reboot.
A message appears that asks you to confirm your request to reboot.
2. Click the Yes button to reboot.
22 Using Enterprise Edge Services

IP Routing

This section includes information on:
• IP Routing Overview
• Enterprise Edge IP routing specifics
• IP addressing overview
• Static routing
• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Packet Filtering – source address – destination address – IP Protocol ID – TCP Port – UDP Port – ICMP Type – ICMP Code
• LAN to WAN routing – managing traffic using Interrupt Modulation
• LAN to LAN routing – Fast Path Routing

IP Routing Overview

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the protocol used on the Internet to send data is sent from one computer to another. Each computer on the Internet, called a "host", has at least one address that id entifies it from all other computers o n the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail or a web page), the message gets divided into units called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's Internet address.
A packet is first sent to a router that understands reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent router that reads the destination address.This routing process continues across the Internet until one router recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer in its immediate neighborhood or domain. That router forwards the packet to the computer whose address is specified.
Because a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a different route across the Internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than the order they are sent. Another protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to put the packets in the right order.
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Using Enterprise Edge Services 23
IP is a connectionless protocol, which means that there is no established connection between the end points that communicate. Each packet that travels through the Internet is treated as an independent unit of data without any relation to another unit of data. The packets get put in the right order because TCP, the connection-oriented protocol, keeps track of the packet sequence in a message. In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, IP is in layer 3, the Networking Layer.

Enterprise Edge IP routing specifics

Using Enterprise Edge Unified Manager, you can perform the following routing configuration options:
• Add or delete the interfaces to routing protocols
• Configure routing protocol options
• Add and delete static routes
• Add or delete filters
• Set filter actions
For instructions on configuring routing options, see Routing on page 85. The followings table shows the Enterprise Edge IP routing protocols and the
precedence order when conflict or redundant routes occur.
Precedence IP Routing Protocols
1. Static Routing
2. SNMP
3. RIP v1 and v2

IP Addressing Overview

IP addresses follow the format nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn, where nn is a number between 0 and 255. For example, 192.123.4.56 or 10.1.1.1. IP addresses enable computers to communicate to each other. Both servers and workstations on a network must have IP addresses. There are two types of IP addresses:
Dynamic – A dynamic IP address changes. Dynamic IP addresses are assigned to computers by an IP address server as the computer needs it. Usually there is a particular range or scope of IP addresses that your network uses. With dynamic IP addressing, a computer can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network. Other devices need to know the computer’s IP address so that they can communicate with it. The IP address server manages the assignment of IP addresses to the client workstations.
Static – A static or fixed IP address never changes. It is assigned to a computer permanently. The computer has the same IP address every time it connects to the network and is known to other devices on the network by that IP address.
24 Using Enterprise Edge Services

Static Routing

Enterprise Edge users can add static routes to the IP routing table. These static routes take precedence over those routes chosen by routing protocols, such as RIP.
To add a static route, see Static Route on page 94. Note: Ensure that users do not add a static route for default route 0.0.0.0 with mask
0.0.0.0. Enterprise Edge’s Net Link Manager automatically creates a default route and adjusts it according to link status unless router or Net Link Manager are running.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP is a widely-used protocol for managing routing information in a self-contained network such as a corporate intranet. RIP is classified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as one of several internal gateway protocols (IGPs).
A RIP router sends full updates, which list all the other hosts it knows about, to its closest neighbor host every 30 seconds. The neighbor host sends the information to its next neighbor, until all the hosts in the network know the routing paths, a state known as network convergence. RIP uses a hop count to determine network distance. Each host with a router in the network uses the routing table information to determine the next host for the packet, until a specified destination is reached.

Enabling RIP on Network Interfaces

To run RIP on one or more network interfaces, go to the specific interface under router and enable RIP. After you enable RIP for an interface, you do not have to reboot the Enterprise Edge server for the changes to take effect.

Packet Filtering

A packet is a unit of data routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or on any other packet-switched network. When any file such as an e-mail message, HTML file, GIF file or URL request, is sent on the Internet, the IP layer divides the file into packets of an efficient size for routing. Each of these packets is numbered and includes the Internet address of the destination.
Enterprise Edge supports basic (or stateless) packet filtering for IP. You can configure the filter to pass only the packets from the routes they list, or to pass everything except the packets for the routes they list.
Each route in the list can be any combination of the following packet filtering features. By default, no packet filer is configured.
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Using Enterprise Edge Services 25
Enterprise Edge supports the following packet filtering features for IP:
Packet Filter Feature Comments
Source Address the source address field of the packet to be filtered. Source Mask the source address mask of the packet to be filtered. Destination Address the destination address field of the packet to be filtered. Destination Mask the destination address mask of the packet to be filtered. Protocol the protocol type of the packet to be filtered. Source Port the source port of the packet to be filtered. This field applies
only if protocol value is TCP or UDP.
Destination Port the destination port of the packet to be filtered. This field
applies only if protocol value is TCP or UDP.
ICMP Type the ICMP type field of the packet to be filtered. This field
applies only if protocol value is ICMP.
ICMP Code the ICMP type field of the packet to be filtered. This field
applies only if protocol value is ICMP.
Note: When you set filters, you must forward packets going to the RPC port (port
135 TCP or UDP) for correct Unified Manager operation.

LAN-to-LAN Fast Path Routing

Enterprise Edge provides an optional second 10/100 LAN interface. If the second LAN interface is used, Enterprise Edge uses optimized software for high performance routing. This includes an innovative design that speeds up the performance for LAN-to-LAN routing by over three times the rate that is normally achieved using traditional software architecture.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that lets network administrators manage and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet's set of protocols (TCP/ IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet needs a unique IP address. If an organization sets up its computer users with a connection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.
Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer. If computers move to another location in another part of the network, a new IP address must be entered. DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and distribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IP address if a computer connects to a different place in the network.
You can set up Enterprise Edge to be your LAN’s DHCP server and let it assign IP addresses to the workstations on your LAN as they need them. This is the recommended configuration.
26 Using Enterprise Edge Services
If you set up the Enterprise Edge server as a DHCP server, you must let all of your workstations know that they will have their new IP addresses assigned by Enterprise Edge. To do this, you may need to change the configuration of each workstation individually.
If you already have a DHCP server, you must let it know that the Enterprise Edge server is their gateway and DNS proxy for the workstations.
Your Enterprise Edge server can function as a DHCP server. You can use this feature if you do not want to administer static IP addresses for every workstation on your network. You can configure Enterprise Edge to assign IP addresses dynamically.

Automatic Configuration using a DHCP server

To configure the DHCP server, you need to create a particular range (or scope) for each LAN interface in Enterprise Edge and allocate a block of IP addresses for that scope. The Enterprise Edge Auto-Configure system automatically creates a scope using parameters inherited from the LAN interface.

Guidelines for Using DHCP

Since many default DHCP parameters are inherited from LAN interface parameters, configure LAN interfaces before configuring DHCP.
If you are modifying the DHCP configuration on Enterprise Edge, follow the same guidelines of your organization. In particular, you can perform one or more of the tasks listed below to ensure proper operation of the networked system:
1. If a change in the DHCP configuration resulted in the change of ‘Router’ and ‘Subnet mask’ options in a scope, users must do one of the following to ensure basic operation:
• Execute ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew on each of the workstations.
For Windows 95 and Windows 98, use its equivalent, winipcfg.
• For clients that do not support ipconfig and winipcfg, reboot is required to
renew their IP addresses.
2. If change in DNS server or DNS name options happens, users need to repeat the tasks in step 1 to ensure proper connectivity with the organization.
3. Always schedule a down time associated with these changes.
4. Nortel Networks recommends that you reboot Enterprise Edge to initialize changes.
Using Enterprise Edge, you can define a DHCP scope for each LAN interface. DHCP server parameters are divided into two categories: global and scope specific. Global parameters apply to all scopes. Specific parameters apply to a specific scope.
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01

Domain Name Service (DNS)

The domain name service (DNS) is the system within the Internet t hat maps names of objects, usually host names, into IP numbers or other resource record values. The name space of the Internet is divided into domains. The responsibility for managing names in each domain is usually delegated to systems in each domain.
Enterprise Edge functions as both a gateway to the Internet and as a DNS proxy:
• Gateway: a system that links two different types of networks and enables them to communicate with each other. Enterprise Edge is the gateway that links your company’s network to the Intranet or Internet. Depending on your configuration, you can let your workstations know that Enterprise Edge is your Internet gateway.
Note:If your PC is a DHCP client under Enterprise Edge, you do not have to do
this.
• DNS Proxy – A Domain Name Service (DNS) proxy translates alphabetic domain names into computer-readable IP addresses. For example, the domain name www.nortelnetworks.com for the Nortel Networks web site can translate to the IP address 192.177.5.18. After a domain name is translated into an IP address, the workstations on your network can communicate with the web site. Depending on the configuration of your system, you can let your workstations know that Enterprise Edge is the DNS proxy.
Using Enterprise Edge Services 27
When Enterprise Edge receives DNS requests from clients, it first checks its local cache for name entries and records. If found locally, Enterprise Edge immediately responds to clients. Otherwise, Enterprise Edge creates a new DNS request to the remote Primary or Secondary DNS servers on behalf of the client. If the remote DNS server responds with the requested records, they are forwarded to clients and cached in Enterprise Edge.
Note: If your PC is a DHCP client under Enterprise Edge, you do not have to let
your workstations know that Enterprise Edge is your DNS server.

Guidelines for Using DNS

Consider the following guidelines when using DNS:
• If the Enterprise Edge DNS service is enabled, make sure that clients always use Enterprise Edge as their DNS server.
• When it is disabled, set the DNS Server field in DHCP configuration to the remote DNS server IP address. If DHCP service is also disabled in Enterprise Edge, tell all clients to set the DNS server in their IP configuration to the remote DNS server.
• The DNS proxy carries security features because it keeps all of the internal IP addresses from external web servers.
• You are required to fill in the remote Primary DNS server IP addres s. See DNS on page 84 for instructions.
28 Using Enterprise Edge Services

Web Caching/Proxy

When you use Enterprise Edge as a web proxy, Enterprise Edge can store or cache information downloaded from the Internet. A proxy is a server that acts on behalf of another. Web caching allows LAN workstations to share common information downloaded from the Internet.
Data is usually cached on individual workstations. Each time a workstation on the LAN requests information from the Internet, the individual’s request is sent to the Internet, and the information is returned to their workstation. If multiple LAN workstations request common data, a web cache on the network reduces download time from the Internet.
With Enterprise Edge configured as a web proxy with web caching:
• LAN workstations have shorter download times.
• Previously downloaded information is stored for future use by all workstations on the LAN.
• Enterprise Edge retrieves information from the Internet only if it is not already cached or if the cached file is out of date compared to the information on the Internet.
• Cookie blocking protects users’ privacy.
You can configure the web caching settings through your web browser. The web proxy also provides security features similarly to the DNS proxy because
it hides all of the internal browsers’ IP addresses from external web servers. External web servers see Enterprise Edge’s IP address.

Guidelines for Using Web Caching/Proxy

The Enterprise Edge web proxy uses a web server for running in HTTP-Proxy mode.
Consider the following guidelines when using web caching/proxy:
• A web server installed in Enterprise Edge can not be used as a general purpose HTTP server. It is only used by the Enterprise Edge web-based management client and web-cache services.
• If users need to run their web sites, they need to run the HTTP Server on another system and make its IP address known to Enterprise Edge.
To set the web server as the web cache/proxy, refer to Web cache on page 126.
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

This section includes information on:
• SNMP Overview
• Guideline for Using SNMP

SNMP Overview

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the protocol that governs network management and the monitoring of network devices and their functions.

Guidelines for Using SNMP

Consider the following guidelines when using SNMP:
• You can set read-only and read-write community names.
• You can set a list of permitted managers. When set, the agent responds to requests from SNMP managers from only those IP hosts.
• An empty list of permitted managers implies that agent responds to requests from anyone.
Using Enterprise Edge Services 29
• You can set trap communities. Each trap entry identifies the community name that must be used and the manager addresses.
• You can enable or disable sending authentication traps.
• You can enable or disable the SNMP agent.
• At present, SNMP supports only MIB-II (RFC 1213) MIBs.
30 Using Enterprise Edge Services

Quality of Service

This section includes information on:
• QoS overview
• DiffServ networks
• Legacy networks
• Admission control
• Packet marking for DiffServ networks
• Port range setting for legacy networks
• Relationship between the QoS Module and the VoIP QoS monitor
• Enterprise Edge QoS restrictions and defaults

QoS overview

On the Internet, Quality of Service (QoS) is the methodology that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance. QoS is of concern for the continuous transmission of high-bandwidth voice and video multimedia informati on. Transmitting this content dependably is difficult in public networks using ordinary “best effort” protocols.
Real-time applications that include voice and video are time-sensitive. Delivering voice and video over the Internet requires bounded packet delay and jitter. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a QoS framework standardized by IETF that focuses on DiffServ standards for real-time and mission critical applications. The DiffServ standards are evolving and vendors are starting to develop network devices that support DiffServ.
The purpose of the Enterprise Edge QoS module is to prioritize IP traffic and to provide an acceptable quality of service to delay and jitter sensitive applications such as audio and video as well as mission critical applications.
The Enterprise Edge QoS module primarily serves two purposes:
• In a DiffServ network, it acts as an edge device and performs the packet classification, marking, and prioritization.
• In a non-DiffServ or legacy network, it manages the WAN link to make sure premium voice (and optional video) packets get high priority when crossing the slow WAN link in both directions.
Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide P0910464 Issue 01
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