ASUS T3-P5G965 User Guide
T3-P5G965
ASUS PC (Desktop Barebone)
E329 0
June 2 0 07
Copyright © 2007 ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced,
transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form
or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup purposes, without the
express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”).
Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired, modied or
altered, unless such repair, modication of alteration is authorized in writing by ASUS; or (2) the
serial number of the product is defaced or missing.
ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS,
ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS
OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR
ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT.
SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE FURNISHED FOR
INFORMATIONAL USE ONLY, AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, AND
SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY ASUS. ASUS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY
OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS MANUAL,
INCLUDING THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE DESCRIBED IN IT.
Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered
trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identication or
explanation and to the owners’ benet, without intent to infringe.
ii
Table of contents
Notices ................................................................................................ vi
Safety information ..............................................................................vii
About this guide .................................................................................viii
System package contents .................................................................... x
Cha p te r 1: Sy s tem in t rod uct i on
1.1 Welcome! .............................................................................. 1-2
1.2 Front panel (external) ...........................................................
1.3 Front panel (internal) ............................................................
1.4 Rear panel .............................................................................
1.5 Internal components .............................................................
Cha p te r 2: Ba s ic i ns t all ati o n
2.1 Preparation ........................................................................... 2-2
2.2 Before you proceed ..............................................................
2.3 Removing the cover ..............................................................
2.4 Removing the power supply unit ..........................................
2.5 CPU installation .....................................................................
2.5.1 Installing the CPU ....................................................
2.5.2 Reinstalling the CPU fan and heatsink assembly .....
2.6 Installing a DIMM ...................................................................
2.6.1 Memory congurations ...........................................
2.6.2 DIMM installation ...................................................
2.7 Installing an expansion card ................................................
2.7.1 Expansion slots .....................................................
2.7.2 Expansion card installation ....................................
2.8 Installing an optical drive ....................................................
2.9 Installing a Serial ATA disk drive .........................................
2.10 Reinstalling the power supply unit ......................................
2.11 Replacing the cover ............................................................ 2-18
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-6
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-7
2-8
2-8
2-12
2-13
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
Cha p te r 3:
3.1 Installing an operating system .............................................. 3-2
3.2 Powering up ..........................................................................
3.3 Support CD information ........................................................
3.3.1 Running the support CD ..........................................
Sta r ti n g u p
3-2
3-2
3-3
iii
Table of contents
3.3.2 Drivers menu ........................................................... 3-3
3.3.3 Utilities menu ..........................................................
3.3.4 ASUS contact information ......................................
3.3.5 Other information ...................................................
Cha p te r 4: Mo t her b oa r d i nfo
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................... 4-2
4.2 Motherboard layout ..............................................................
4.3 Jumpers ................................................................................
4.4 Connectors ...........................................................................
Cha p te r 5: BI O S s e tu p
5.1 Managing and updating your BIOS ........................................ 5-2
5.1.1 ASUS EZ Flash 2 utility ............................................
5.1.2 AFUDOS utility ........................................................
5.1.3 ASUS CrashFree BIOS 2 utility ................................
5.1.4 ASUS Update utility ................................................
5.2 BIOS setup program ............................................................
5.2.1 BIOS menu screen .................................................
5.2.2 Menu bar ...............................................................
5.2.3 Navigation keys .....................................................
5.2.4 Menu items ...........................................................
5.2.5 Sub-menu items ....................................................
5.2.6 Conguration elds ...............................................
5.2.7 Pop-up window ......................................................
5.2.8 Scroll bar ...............................................................
5.2.9 General help ..........................................................
5.3 Main menu ...........................................................................
5.3.1 System Time ........................................................
5.3.2 System Date ........................................................
5.3.3
5.3.4 IDE Conguration ..................................................
5.3.5 System Information
5.4 Advanced menu ..................................................................
5.4.1 USB Conguration .................................................
SATA1, SATA2, and SATA3 ................................. 5-15
............................................... 5-17
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-12
5-13
5-13
5-13
5-13
5-13
5-13
5-14
5-14
5-14
5-16
5-17
5-18
3-4
3-6
3-6
4-2
4-3
4-5
5-3
5-4
5-6
5-8
iv
Table of contents
5.4.2 CPU Conguration ................................................. 5-19
5.4.3 Chipset ..................................................................
5.4.4 Onboard Devices Conguration .............................
5.4.5 PCI PnP ..................................................................
5.5 Power menu ........................................................................
5.5.1 Suspend Mode ......................................................
5.5.2 Repost Video on S3 Resume ................................
5.5.3 ACPI 2.0 Support .................................................
5.5.4 ACPI APIC Support ...............................................
5.5.5 APM Conguration ................................................
5.5.6 Hardware Monitor ..................................................
5.6 Boot menu ..........................................................................
5.6.1 Boot Device Priority ..............................................
5.6.2 Boot Settings Conguration .................................
5.6.3 Security .................................................................
5.7 Tools menu .........................................................................
5.7.1 ASUS EZ Flash 2 ....................................................
5.7.2 ASUS O.C. Prole ..................................................
5.8 Exit menu ............................................................................
5-20
5-22
5-23
5-25
5-25
5-25
5-25
5-25
5-26
5-27
5-28
5-28
5-29
5-30
5-32
5-32
5-33
5-34
App e nd i x
Power supply specications .............................................................A-2
v
Notices
Fed er al C o mm un ic a ti on s Com mi ss ion S ta te m en t
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions:
•
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
•
This device must accept any interference received including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
•
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
•
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
WARNING! The use of shielded cables for connection of the monitor to
the graphics card is required to assure compliance with FCC regulations.
Changes or modications to this unit not expressly approved by the
party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to
operate this equipment.
Can ad ia n D ep ar tm e nt o f Com mu ni cat io ns S t at em en t
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise
emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
This class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
vi
Safety information
Ele ct ri ca l s af et y
•
To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from
the electrical outlet before relocating the system.
•
When adding or removing devices to or from the system, ensure that
the power cables for the devices are unplugged before the signal cables
are connected.
•
If the power supply is broken, do not try to fix it by yourself. Contact a
qualified service technician or your retailer.
Ope ra ti on sa fe ty
•
Before installing devices into the system, carefully read all the
documentation that came with the package.
•
Before using the product, make sure all cables are correctly connected
and the power cables are not damaged. If you detect any damage,
contact your dealer immediately.
•
To avoid short circuits, keep paper clips, screws, and staples away from
connectors, slots, sockets and circuitry.
•
Avoid dust, humidity, and temperature extremes. Do not place the
product in any area where it may become wet. Place the product on a
stable surface.
•
If you encounter technical problems with the product, contact a
qualified service technician or your retailer.
Lithium-Ion Battery Warning
CAUTION: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced.
Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by
the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
VORSICHT: Explosionsgetahr bei unsachgemäßen Austausch der
Batterie. Ersatz nur durch denselben oder einem vom Hersteller
empfohlenem ähnljchen Typ. Entsorgung gebrauchter Batterien nach
Angaben des Herstellers.
LASER PRODUCT WARNING
CLA SS 1 LA SE R PR O DU CT
vii
About this guide
Aud ie nc e
This guide provides general information and installation instructions
about the ASUS T3-P5G965 barebone system. This guide is intended for
experienced users and integrators with hardware knowledge of personal
computers.
How t hi s g ui de i s o rg an ize d
This guide contains the following parts:
1. Chap t e r 1: S y s tem i n t rodu c t i on
This chapter gives a general description of the ASUS T2-PH1. The
chapter lists the system features, including introduction on the front
and rear panel, and internal components.
2. Chap t e r 2: B a s ic i n s t alla t i o n
This chapter provides step-by-step instructions on how to install
components in the system.
3. Chap t e r 3: S t a rtin g u p
This chapter helps you power up the system and install drivers and
utilities from the support CD.
4. Chap t e r 4: M o t herb o a r d in f o r mati o n
This chapter gives information about the motherboard that comes
with the system. This chapter includes the motherboard layout,
jumper settings, and connector locations.
5. Chap t e r 5: B I O S in f o r mati o n
This chapter tells how to change system settings through the BIOS
Setup menus and describes the BIOS parameters.
6. Appe n d i x
The Appendix includes the power supply unit specication for this
system.
viii
Con ve nt io n s us ed in t hi s g ui de
WARNING: Information to prevent injury to yourself when trying
to complete a task.
CAUTION: Information to prevent damage to the components
when trying to complete a task.
IMPORTANT: Instructions that you MUST follow to complete a
task.
NOTE: Tips and additional information to aid in completing a
task.
Whe re t o f in d mo r e in fo rma ti on
Refer to the following sources for additional information and for product
and software updates.
1. ASUS W e bsit e s
The ASUS websites worldwide provide updated information on
ASUS hardware and software products. Refer to the ASUS contact
information.
2. Opti o n a l Do c u m enta t i o n
Your product package may include optional documentation, such as
warranty yers, that may have been added by your dealer. These
documents are not part of the standard package.
ix
System package contents
Check your T3-P5G965 system package for the following items.
If any of the items is damaged or missing, contact your retailer
immediately.
Ite m d escri p t i on
1. ASUS T3-P5G965 barebone system with
• ASUS motherboard
• 250 W PFC power supply unit
• Gigabit LAN port
• CPU fan and heatsink assembly
• 1 x 5.25” drive bays
• 2 x 3.5” hard disk drive bay
• 6 x USB 2.0 ports
• 2 x IEEE 1394a ports
• S/PDIF IN&OUT port
• 7-in-1 storage card reader
2. Cables
• AC power cord
• ATA cable
• Serial ATA cable
• Serial ATA power cable
3. Support CD
4. User guide
5. Optional items
• Optical drive
(CD-ROM/CD-RW/DVD-ROM/DVD-RW)
x
Chapter 1
This chapter gives a general
description of the ASUS
T3-P5G965. The chapter lists
the system features including
introduction on the front and rear
panel, and internal components.
System introduction
1.1 Welcome!
Thank you for choosing the ASUS T3-P5G965!
The ASUS T3-P5G965 is an all-in-one barebone system with a versatile
home entertainment feature.
The system comes in a stylish mini-tower casing, and powered by the ASUS
motherboard that supports the Intel® Pentium® 4 processor in the 775-land
package with 533/800/1066 MHz FSB and up to 2 GB system memory.
With audio functions, extensive connectivity, and Gigabit LAN capability,
the T3-P5G965 is designed for the sophisticated.
With these and many more, the T3-P5G965 denitely delivers the cutting
edge technology for your computing and multimedia needs!
1.2 Front panel (external)
The front panel includes the system and audio control buttons, system
LEDs, and LED panel.
1
2
3
4
1. Drive door. Open this door to access the disk drive.
2. Power button . Press this button to turn the system on.
3. HDD LED . This LED lights up when data is being read from or
written to the hard disk drive.
4. Front panel I/O door. Push down this door to show the input/output
ports.
1-2 Chapter 1: System introduction
1.3 Front panel (internal)
2.0
The optical drive(s), storage card reader slots, and several I/O ports are
located inside the front panel doors.
Open the front panel door by pushing it downwards.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
5. Optical Drive (
optional
). This is for the optical disks.
6. CompactFlash®/Microdrive™ card slot . This slot is for a
CompactFlash®/Microdrive™ storage card.
®
7. Memory Stick
/Memory Stick Pro™ card slot. This slot is for a Memory
Stick®/Memory Stick Pro™ storage card.
8. USB 2.0 ports
. These Universal Serial Bus 2.0 (USB 2.0) ports
are available for connecting USB 2.0 devices such as a mouse, printer,
scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
9. S/PDIF In port. This port connects your audio system for 5.1-channel
surround sound and enhanced 3D audio.
10. Secure Digital™/MultimediaCard slot . This slot is for a Secure
Digital™/MultimediaCard storage card.
11. Eject button. Press this button to eject the optical drive bay.
12. Microphone port . This Mic (pink) port connects a microphone.
13. Headphone port . This port connects a headphone with a stereo
mini-plug.
14. 4-pin IEEE 1394a port . This port provides high-speed
connectivity for IEEE 1394a-compliant audio/video devices, storage
peripherals, and other PC devices.
1-3ASUS T3-P5G965
1.4 Rear panel
2.0
REAR
S P K
LINE
IN
FRONT
MIC IN
SIDE
S P K
C T R
BASS
eSATA
The system rear panel includes the power connector and several I/O ports
that allow convenient connection of devices.
27
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
15. Expansion slot covers. Remove these covers when installing expansion
cards.
16. Expansion slots. Use these slots when installing expansion cards.
17. Rear surround speakers. This port connects to a high-denition six-
channel speaker.
18. Side surround speakers.This port connects to a high-denition six-
channel speaker.
19. Microphone port . This Microphone (pink) port connects a
microphone. In 4/6-channel mode, the function of this port becomes
Low Frequency Enhanced Output/Center.
20. VGA port . This port connects a VGA monitor.
21. PS/2 mouse port . This green 6-pin connector is for a PS/2 mouse.
22. External SATA port. This port connects to a SATA hard disk drive.
23. PS/2 keyboard port . This purple 6-pin connector is for a
PS/2 keyboard.
24. LAN (RJ-45) port . This port allows Gigabit connection to a Local
Area Network (LAN) through a network hub.
25. USB 2.0 ports
. These Universal Serial Bus 2.0 (USB 2.0) ports
are available for connecting USB 2.0 devices such as a mouse, printer,
scanner, camera, PDA, and others.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
1-4 Chapter 1: System introduction
26. 6-pin IEEE 1394a port . This port provides high-speed
connectivity for IEEE 1394a-compliant audio/video devices, storage
peripherals, and other PC devices.
27. Chassis vent. This vent is for the fan that provides ventilation inside
the system chassis.
28. Expansion card lock. This lock secures installed expansion cards. See
page 2-15 for details.
29. S/PDIF Out port. This port connects your audio system for 5.1channel surround sound and enhanced 3D audio.
30. Center & woofer speakers.
31. Line In port . This Line In (light blue) port connects a tape player
or other audio sources. In 6-channel mode, the function of this port
becomes Surround output.
32. Line Out port . This Line Out (lime) port connects a headphone or
a speaker. In 4/6-channel mode, the function of this port becomes
Front Speaker Out.
33. COM port . This port connects a mouse, modem, or other devices
that conforms with serial specication.
34. Power connector. This connector is for a power cable and plug.
35. Voltage selector. This switch allows you to adjust the system input
voltage according to the voltage supply in your area.
36. Power switch. This switch allows you to turn your PC on/off..
1-5ASUS T3-P5G965
1.5 Internal components
The illustration below is the internal view of the system when you remove
the top cover and the power supply unit. The installed components are
labeled for your reference. Proceed to Chapter 2 for instructions on
installing additional system components.
The illustration shows an open chassis lifted at a 90o angle.
2
1
6
5
4
7
3
8
1. ASUS motherboard
2. LGA775 socket with PnP cap
3. DIMM sockets
4. Serial ATA connectors
5. PCI Express™ x16 slot for discrete graphics
card
6. PCI slot
7. Expansion card slots
8. Power supply unit
1-6 Chapter 1: System introduction
Chapter 2
This chapter provides step-by-step
instructions on how to install
components in the system.
Basic installation
R
Onboard LED
SB_PWR
ON
Standby
Power
OFF
Powered
Off
2.1 Preparation
Before you proceed, make sure that you have all the components you plan
to install in the system.
Bas i c c omp o ne n ts t o i nst a ll
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. DDR2 Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
3. Expansion card(s)
4. Hard disk drive
5. Optical drive
Too l
Philips (cross) screw driver
2.2 Before you proceed
Take note of the following precautions before you install components into
the system.
•
Use a grounded wrist strap or touch a safely grounded object or
a metal object, such as the power supply case, before handling
components to avoid damaging them due to static electricity.
•
Hold components by the edges to avoid touching the ICs on them.
•
Whenever you uninstall any component, place it on a grounded
antistatic pad or in the bag that came with the component.
The motherboard comes with an onboard standby power LED. This LED
lights up to indicate that the system is ON, in sleep mode or in soft-off
mode, and not powered OFF. Unplug the power cable from the power outlet
and make sure that the standby power LED is OFF before installing any
system component.
2-2 Chapter 2: Basic installation
2.3 Removing the cover
REAR
S P K
LINE
IN
FRONT
MIC IN
SIDE
S P K
C T R
BASS
eSATA
To remove the cover:
1. On the rear panel, locate the three screws that secure the cover to
the chassis.
1
1 1
2. Use a Phillips screw driver to
remove the cover screws. Keep
the screws for later use.
3. Slightly pull the cover toward
the rear panel until the side
2
2
2
4
tabs are disengaged from the
chassis.
4. Lift the cover, then set aside.
3
3
2-3ASUS T3-P5G965
2.4 Removing the power supply unit
You need to remove the power supply unit (PSU) before you can install a
central processing unit (CPU) and other system components.
To remove the PSU:
1. Lay the system chassis on
its side on a at and stable
surface.
2. Disconnect the optical drive
power connector.
3. Locate and remove the two
screws that secures the PSU
to the chassis.
4. Lift the PSU in the direction of
the arrow to a 90º angle.
When removing the PSU, make sure to hold or support it rmly. The unit
may accidentally drop and damage other system components.
2-4 Chapter 2: Basic installation
2.5 CPU installation
R
CPU Socket 775
• Your boxed Intel® Pentium® 4 LGA775 processor package should
come with installation instructions for the CPU, heatsink, and the
retention mechanism. If the instructions in this section do not match
the CPU documentation, follow the latter.
•
Check your motherboard to make sure that the PnP cap is on the
CPU socket and the socket contacts are not bent. Contact your
retailer immediately if the PnP cap is missing, or if you see any
damage to the PnP cap/socket contacts/motherboard components.
ASUS will shoulder the cost of repair only if the damage is shipment/
transit-related.
•
Keep the cap after installing the motherboard. ASUS will process
Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) requests only if the
motherboard comes with the cap on the LGA775 socket.
• The product warranty does not cover damage to the socket
contacts resulting from incorrect CPU installation/removal, or
misplacement/loss/incorrect removal of the PnP cap.
2.5 .1 Ins ta ll in g t he C P U
IMPORTANT! Before installing the
CPU, remove the two rubbers (A and
B) attached to the bottom of the
cooler / fan.
A
To install a CPU:
1. Locate the CPU socket on the motherboard.
B
Before installing the CPU, make sure that the socket box is facing
towards you and the load lever is on your left.
2-5ASUS T3-P5G965
2. Press the load lever with your
thumb (A), then move it to the
left (B) until it is released from
the retention tab.
Ret e n t ion t a b
A
To prevent damage to the
socket pins, do not remove
the PnP cap unless you are
installing a CPU.
3. Lift the load lever in the
direction of the arrow to a 135º
angle.
4. Lift the load plate with your
thumb and forenger to a 100º
angle (4A), then push the PnP
cap from the load plate window
to remove (4B).
5. Position the CPU over the
socket, making sure that
the gold triangle is on the
bottom-left corner of the socket
then t the socket alignment
key into the CPU notch.
B
Loa d l ever
PnP c a p
Loa d p late
4B
4A
3
CPU n o tch
Gol d
tri a n g le
mar k
Ali g n m ent k e y
2-6 Chapter 2: Basic installation
6. Close the load plate (A), then
push the load lever (B) until it
A
snaps into the retention tab.
B
2.5 .2 Rei ns ta ll i ng t he CP U fa n a nd h eat si nk
ass em bl y
To reinstall the CPU fan and heatsink assembly:
1. Position the CPU fan and heatsink assembly on top of the installed
CPU.
2. Drive in the four screws you removed earlier into the CPU fan screw
holes to secure the fan and heatsink assembly to the motherboard.
3. Connect the CPU fan cable to the CPU fan connector on the
motherboard.
2
2
2
1
2
2-7ASUS T3-P5G965
2.6 Installing a DIMM
R
240-pin DDR2 DIMM Sockets
128 Pins
112 Pins
DIMM_A
2
DIMM_B1
DIMM_B
2
DIMM_A1
The system motherboard comes with two Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) Dual
Inline Memory Module (DIMM) sockets.
The following gure illustrates the location of the sockets:
2.6 .1 Mem or y co n fi gu ra t io ns
You may install up to 4 GB system memory using 256 MB, 512 MB, and
1 GB DDR2 DIMMs.
• Installing DDR2 DIMMS other than the recommended congurations
may cause memory sizing error or system boot failure. Use any of
the recommended congurations in the table on the next page.
• Install only
DIMM_A1 and DIMM_B1.
• Always install DIMMs with the same CAS latency. For optimum
compatibility, we recommend that you obtain memory modules from
the same vendor.
• Due to chipset resource allocation, the system may detect less than
2 GB system memory when you installed two 1 GB DDR2 memory.
• If installing only one DDRII DIMM, pease install it in DIMM_A1 or A2
rst.
• This motherboard does not support memory modules made up of
128 Mb chips or double-sided x16 memory modules.
identical (the same type and size) DDR2 DIMMs in
2-8 Chapter 2: Basic installation
Rec o mm e nde d m e mor y c o nfi g ur a tio ns
Sockets
Mode
Single Channel
Dual-channel (1)
Dual-channel (2)
DIMM_A1 DIMM_A2 DIMM_B1 DIMM_B2
Populated - - -
- Populated - -
- - - -
- - - Populated - Populated -
- Populated - Populated
Populated Populated Populated Populated
2-9ASUS T3-P5G965
Loading...