A.O. Smith Century Pool Spa Motor User Manual
I n s t a l l a t i o n
—
Maintenance
—
S e rv i c e
—
Tro u b l e s h o o t i n g
CENTURY
®
POOL & SPA MOTOR
MANUAL
INTRODUCTION
elcome to A.O. Smith’s line of Century
Motors. This pocket manual is designed for
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install, maintain and troubleshoot Century pool and
spa motors. Contrary to what you may be thinking just
n o w , your last name doesn’t have to be Edison in order to
p roperly service the motors shown in the following pages.
All you need are a few basic tools and some helpful hints;
the kind that appear throughout this
booklet.
need to repair the most common pump motor pro b l e m s
e n c o u n t e red out in the field. This easy to read manual contains great illustrations and diagrams for quick
re f e r ence. Assisting your customers is your job. Helping
you do that with minimum delay is our job; that’s why
we’ve pre p a r ed this informative manual.
one purpose — to make it simple for you to
We’ve included all the information we think you’ll
®
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Replacements for every brand. Every now and then
you probably come across a motor that’s beyond re p a i r.
When you do, remember that A.O. Smith manufacture s
replacement pool and spa motors for practically every
brand you’ll ever encounter in the field. So save yourself
some time and eff o rt and just ask for Century first — at
any A.O. Smith distributor or dealer. Century motors are as
rugged as any you’ll find, but keep in mind that all motors
need service and maintenance at one time or another.
Safety first. Remember, before you begin to work on
any electrical appliance be sure to TURN OFF THE
POWER. The only time you’ll need the power on is
when you check motor voltage and amperage. If you overlook this important guideline, someday you could unexpectedly get a real charge out of your work! Always play it
safe — double-check to be certain that the power is off
b e f o re you start to work on a pool or spa motor.
If you have any suggestions or would like more
i n f o rmation about a particular subject, please write
or call:
A.O. Smith
531 North Fourth Stre e t
Tipp City, OH 45371
8 0 0 - 5 4 3 - 9 4 5 0
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
C e n t u ry Pump Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Design Feature s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Nameplate Inform a t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
I n s t a l l a t i o n
H e a t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 3
M o i s t u re. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4
Power Sourc e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4
A l t i t u d e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4
M o u n t i n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 4
Electrical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5
G ro u n d i n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5
Wi re Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5
Wi re Selection Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 6
To o l s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7
M a i n t e n a n c e
M o i s t u re. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 7
C o o l i n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8
S e a s o n a l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8
C l e a n i n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8
L u b r i c a t i o n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 8
3
Motor Troubleshooting
Motor Fails To Start (makes no sound). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 9
Motor Fails To Start (hums, tries to start,
blows fuse or trips bre a k e r ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 0
Motor Starts But Shuts Down
(overload pro b l e m ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1
Noisy Motor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 1
Motor Hot, Smoking Or Cycling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2
I n f o rmation Needed For Motor Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3
Troubleshooting A Capacitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3
Best Way To Use A Vo l t - A m m e t e r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4
How To Replace Bearings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 4
S e rv i c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 7
Wiring Diagrams’ Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 8
Wiring Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 9 - 5 4
Date of Manufacture Ta b l e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5
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CENTURY®CENTURION &
C e n t u r i o n®, C-flange
Switchless “1081” Motor
• Standard Eff i c i e n c y
• E-Plus, High Eff i c i e n c y
• 1⁄2– 5 Hp
• No Switch, No Govern o r
• Single phase or three phase
• Suitable for operation at 50 Hz,
1.0 service factor
• Aluminum or cast iron NEMA “C” mounting brackets
• True NEMA 56-frame
• Keyed or threaded shaft
• UL standard “1081” appro v a b l e
• Full-rated and Up-rated
• 50° C Ambient
• Available as a Century two-speed motor
C e n t u r i o n®SE, C-flange
Switchless “1081” Motor
• 1⁄2– 5 Hp
• Standard Eff i c i e n c y
• Single phase
• Aluminum NEMA “C”
mounting brackets
• 50° C Ambient
• True NEMA 56-frame
• Keyed or threaded shaft
• UL Standard “1081” appro v a b l e
• Full-rated and Up-rated
• 303 stainless steel shaft
5
E-PLUS®MOTORS
C e n t u r i o n®, Square Flange
Switchless “1081” Motor
• Standard Eff i c i e n c y
• E-Plus, High Eff i c i e n c y
• 1⁄2– 5 Hp
• No Switch, No Govern o r
• 303 stainless steel
t h readed shaft
• Suitable for operation
at 50 Hz, 1.0 service factor
• Single or three phase
• True NEMA 56-frame
• UL standard “1081” appro v a b l e
• Full-rated and Up-rated
• 50° C Ambient
• Available as a
C e n t u ry two-speed motor
N e p t u n e
®,
C & Square Flange
• Standard Eff i c i e n c y
• High Eff i c i e n c y
• 1⁄2– 3 Hp
• Advanced Switch Te c h n o l o g y
• 48 frame shell diameter
• 303 stainless steel threaded shaft
• UL standard “1081” appro v a b l e
• Full-rated and Up-rated
• 50° C Ambient
6
FLEX-48
™
POOL AND SPA MOTORS
Flex-48™ Single-Speed Motors, Thru-Bolt Mount
Suitable for jetted tubs and above-ground pools and spas.
• 1⁄2- 3 Hp
• 56-frame conversion base
• 3-1⁄2” shaft height
• 3⁄8” threaded shaft
• Auto-reset overload
p ro t e c t i o n
• 1.0 service factor
Flex-48™ Two-Speed Low Amp Start & Run Motors
For Spas and above-ground pools, thru-bolt mount.
• 3⁄4- 3 Hp
• 56-frame conversion base
• 3-1⁄2” shaft height
• 3⁄8” threaded shaft
• Auto-reset overload
p ro t e c t i o n
• 1.0 service factor
CENTURION
®
DESIGN FEATURES
e n t u ry pool and spa pump motors are tailored for
demanding pool loads and environments. Check these
C
outstanding feature s :
1 . Full-rated 56-Frame diameter gives greater thermal
c a p a c i t y, better durability with industrial quality constru c t i o n .
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CENTURION
®
DESIGN FEATURES
2 . All Threaded shafts are 303 stainless steel for superior
c o rrosion resistance. Keyed shaft of carbon steel is iron
phosphate treated to prevent rust. Stainless steel shafts
p rovided on cast iron C-flange, keyed shaft pro d u c t .
3 . Double-sealed high thrust bearings protect against dirt and
m o i s t u re. Factory lubricated, never need re g re a s i n g .
4. Special aluminum alloy brackets or cast iron NEMA “C”
brackets resist corrosion from pool chemicals.
5 . Drive-end bearing locked to limit shaft endplay.
6 . Continuous rated run capacitor provides high running
e fficiency and better starting perf o rmance in low voltage
s i t u a t i o n s .
7 . Easy connect terminal board is designed with screw post
line terminals. All you need is a screwdriver for fast and
easy installation wiring.
8 . M o i s t u re resistant, Class B insulated windings for extra
p rotection against moisture, high ambient temperatures,
salt spray, chemicals, diatomaceous earth, sand, dirt,
insects, etc.
9 . Motors designed to meet UL Standard #1081, protects
i n t e rnal components from rain, dirt and chemicals.
1 0 . Class B automatic reset overload protector suitable for
high ambient temperatures. Prevents nuisance tripping in
hot are a s .
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NAMEPLATE INFORMATION
hen you need information about the motor
y o u ’ re servicing, you’ll always be able to find it
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motors the nameplate is usually found on the side of the
m o t o r, below the capacitor. Shown below is a sample
pool motor identification nameplate. As you read the
nameplate, refer to the guide so that you understand
the meaning of each item that the manufacturer
p rovides about its motor. Remember also that your
dealer or distributor can give you valuable inform a t i o n
that can help you to make the correct selection of a
replacement motor.
printed on the motor nameplate. On A.O. Smith
9
1 .C AT NO (Catalog Number): This number indicates
that the motor is a stock rating, readily available
f rom standard inventory as a replacement pool
m o t o r .
2 .PA RT: This identifies the motor’s specific design
by part number.
3 .FR (Frame): The frame identifies the mounting
and shaft configuration. It doesn’t indicate the
diameter of the shell. A.O. Smith’s line of Centurion
and Centurion SE motors have a “56 frame” shell
and are 6.5 inches in diameter. Neptune and
Flex-48 products are designed in a 48 frame shell
and are 5.6 inches in diameter. Common terms you’ll
see on the nameplate are “56J,” “56C” and “56Y.”
The 56J is always a C-flange, threaded-shaft motor;
the 56C is always a C-flange, keyed-shaft motor.
M o t o r -frame mountings with the “Y” identification
1 0
NAMEPLATE INFORMATION
identify motors not specified by NEMA mounting
and shaft standards.
4 .T Y P E : The electrical design of the motor is shown
by its type. A.O. Smith uses “CX” to identify its
switchless design. Other codes include “CS” for
c a p a c i t o r- s t a rt, “S P” for split-phase and “CP” for
capacitor start / capacitor run. Be sure to check with
the dealer or distributor, because motor type codes
may vary among manufacture r s .
5 .HP (Horsepower): Conventional unit of measure -
ment for power. One horsepower equals 746 watts.
6 .RPM (Revolutions Per Minute): RPM states the
rotational speed of the shaft at rated load.
7 .HZ (Hertz): M e a s u rement of fre q u e n c y , equaling
cycles per second of alternating curre n t .
8 .PH (Phase): Denotes a single- or three-phase
m o t o r .
9 .SF (Service Factor): S e rvice factor is the measure
of the re s e rve margin built into a motor. Motors
rated over 1.0 SF allow the motor to operate at a
higher margin than designated by the horsepower
rating. Maximum horsepower capability equals
horsepower multiplied by the SF.
(continuous operation).
1 0 .V O LT S : Voltage is the re q u i red electrical potential
applied to the motor, the force that produces current
in an electrical conductor.
1 1 .A M P S : Electrical current flowing through the
conductors. On pool motors, the amperage is
maximum or service factor amps that result at
1 1
maximum horsepower (Hp x SF).
1 2 .T I M E : Time indicates the duty cycle of the motor.
Pool and spa motors are generally rated for
continuous duty.
1 3 .AMB (Ambient Te m p e r a t u re ) : The maximum
ambient (surrounding) temperature in which the
motor is designed to operate. This temperature
is shown in Celsius rather than Fahre n h e i t .
1 4 .INSUL CLASS (Insulation Classification):
The temperature rating of insulation used in the
c o n s t ruction of the motor. Most pool and spa
motors use a Class “B” insulation.
1 5 .ENCL (Enclosure ) : Common enclosures used
include DP (dripproof) and TEFC (totally enclosed
fan cooled). Most pool and spa motors feature a
d r i p p roof design, with “1081” features.
1 6 .CODE: The NEMA code letter specifies locked
rotor kVA per Hp (volts multiplied by locked rotor
amps, divided by 1000 times rated HP).
1 7 .S E R I A L : The serial indicates the date of
m a n u f a c t u re, which often appears as year/month
combinations. Serial code information for each
pool and spa motor can be found in guides and
bulletins provided by the manufacturer (See p.55).
1 8 .V O LTAGE DIAGRAM: This diagram provides
i n f o rmation on the correct electrical connections
to ensure proper operation of the motor.
1 9 .WA R N I N G : The warning at the bottom of the label
re-emphasizes that voltage can be hazardous.
Always TURN THE POWER OFF before working on
a pool or spa motor.
1 2
INSTALLATION
H E AT
whenever there is a lack of clean, continually-circ u l a t i n g
air for a motor. Heat can damage a motor’s windings,
insulation, bearing lubricant and run capacitor. In short ,
heat can quickly decrease the service life of a motor.
R e m e m b e r , proper ventilation is always a crucial consideration when installing a motor.
If at all possible, install a motor in a location that is
f ree of dirt, dust or airborne debris, such as leaves.
Indoors is best, but not in areas with high humidity,
such as a laundry room or shower area. If the motor is
installed outdoors, try to choose a shady spot that’s protected from leaves and grass clippings. If you cover the
motor to protect it from possible debris or water, be
s u re to leave enough space between the cover and the
motor for adequate ventilation.
A.O. Smith single phase pool and spa motors
f e a t u re a thermal overload protector that will shut down
the motor if it overheats. As the windings begin to cool
down, the overload protector will automatically re - s t a rt
the motor. Blocked ventilation or an overload condition
can cause the motor to shutdown on a repeated basis.
If a problem cannot be located or if tripping continues
after a noted problem is corrected, contact the original
equipment contractor for a recommendation on
matching motor horsepower to the pump.
T I P : In situations where the ambient temperature is
exceptionally hot, utilizing an E-Plus (High Efficiency)
motor in place of a standard efficient motor can
p revent the overload protector from nuisance tripping.
The number one enemy of a motor is
heat. Overheating always re s u l t s
1 3
M O I S T U R E
resistance to moisture, but you should avoid placing
the motor where it can be splashed. Avoid installing the
motor in low spots where it could collect water and be
flooded. In fact, it’s probably a good idea to elevate the
motor at least two inches off the gro u n d .
C e n t u ry and Neptune
motors have superior
P OWE R SOURCE
check to see that the line voltage, phase and fre q u e n c y
match the specifications shown on the motor nameplate. Current capacity must be adequate enough to
maintain rated voltage at the motor terminals under
all conditions. If it’s too high, contact the local utility.
If it’s too low check for overloaded circuits, loose
connections or wire of the wrong gauge (see wire
selection guide).
A LT I T U D E
altitudes. For installations more than 3,300 feet above sea
level, it’s advisable to use a motor with the next
l a rger horsepower rating than the one recommended
for that application at sea level or use a A.O. Smith E-Plus
(High Efficiency) motor of the same rating when available.
M O U N T I N G
to a foundation or base will prevent vibration, loosening,
and future misalignment. Make sure that the motor and
pump assembly rotate freely before starting the motor.
G e n e r a l l y , motors will
run hotter with increasing
Fastening the pump and
motor assembly securely
B e f o re you turn
the motor on,
1 4
E L E C T R I CAL
C O N N E C T I O N S
diagrams shown on the following pages are color- c o d e d
for easy reading. The appropriate part number is listed
in each illustration, just in case you need to order the
complete wiring diagram or connection label sticker
for your motor. Make sure the connections are tight
to prevent failure or overheating. If you do find loose
connections, check for excessive vibration.
The task of wiring
your motor is fairly
simple. The wiring
G RO U N D I N G
tric shock is possible. A grounding conductor should
always be connected under the green grounding scre w,
which is located within the terminal compartment of the
m o t o r . National and local electrical codes are import a n t ,
and should be adhered to when working
on a motor.
WIRE SIZE
the motor to overheat. It’s a good idea to check the
electrical supply wires to confirm that they are suff i c i e n t
to handle the motor load. For example, if you’re using
a 1-1⁄2Hp motor at 115 volts over a distance of 150 feet,
use #8 wire. If the motor can be installed to
operate on 230 volts, #12 wire should be sufficient
for a 150 foot distance.
Without proper gro u n d i n g
of a motor, serious elec-
I n c o rrect voltage at the
motor terminals can cause
1 5
WIRE SELECTION GUIDE
THE SIZES SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING WIRE SELECTION
C H A RTS ARE RECOMMENDATIONS ONLY. ALWAYS FOLLOW
LOCAL AND NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODES.
115V Power Line
Maximum Distance from Fuse Box to Motor
Motor Hp 5 0 ’ 1 0 0 ’ 1 5 0 ’ 2 0 0 ’
1
⁄
3
1
⁄
2
3
⁄
4
1 1 2 1 0 8 8
1 -1⁄
2
2 1 0 8 6 6
3 — — — —
Motor Hp 5 0 ’ 1 0 0 ’ 1 5 0 ’ 2 0 0 ’
1
⁄
3
1
⁄
2
3
⁄
4
1 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 2
1 -1⁄
2
2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 0
3 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 0
1 4 1 4 1 2 1 2
1 4 1 2 1 0 1 0
1 2 1 2 1 0 8
1 0 1 0 8 6
230V Power Line
Maximum Distance from Fuse Box to Motor
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
1 4 1 4 1 2 1 2
Guides for copper conductors only.
1 6
TOOLS
ith a few simple tools, you’ll be ready for just
about any kind of basic motor service. To make
W
pool or spa motor, make sure that you have these tools
in your toolbox before you begin working...
your job easier when installing or servicing a
• S t a n d a rd scre w d r i v e r
• Wide blade scre w d r i v e r
• 1⁄2” open end wre n c h
• Rubber mallet
• Clamp-on ammeter/voltmeter
• A m m e t e r
• 5⁄
” nut driver
1 6
• Needle-nose pliers
• Tape for marking
MAINTENANCE
.O. Smithpool and spa pump motors are built
tough, to run day after day without being serv i c e d .
A
When service is necessary, serviceable parts usually can be accessed quite easily. For example, capacitors are externally mounted, and single-phase motors
have screw-type connectors for quick reconnection in
the field.
M O I S T U R E
be re p a i r ed to prevent failure of bearings and insulation.
DO NOT splash or spray the motor. Mount the motor
away from low spots and damp areas, and take meas u res to protect it from windblown rain.
Water leaks from pump
seals or pipe joints should
1 7
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