ANALOG DEVICES W4.0 Utilities Manual
W4.0
Linker and Utilities Manual
Analog Devices, Inc.
One Technology Way
Norwood, Mass. 02062-9106
Revision 1.0, January 2005
Part Number
82-000420-03
a
Copyright Information
© 2005 Analog Devices, Inc., ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This document may not be reproduced in any form without prior, express written
consent from Analog Devices, Inc.
Printed in the USA.
Disclaimer
Analog Devices, Inc. reserves the right to change this product without
prior notice. Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog
Devices for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of
third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under the patent rights of Analog Devices, Inc.
Trademark and Service Mark Notice
The Analog Devices logo, the CROSSCORE logo, VisualDSP++,
Blackfin, SHARC, TigerSHARC, and EZ-KIT Lite are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc.
All other brand and product names are trademarks or service marks of
their respective owners.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Purpose of This Manual ................................................................. xix
Intended Audience ......................................................................... xix
Manual Contents ............................................................................ xx
What’s New in This Manual ........................................................... xxi
Technical or Customer Support ..................................................... xxii
Supported Processors ................................................................... xxiii
Product Information .................................................................... xxiv
MyAnalog.com ....................................................................... xxiv
Processor Product Information ................................................. xxv
Related Documents ................................................................ xxvi
Online Technical Documentation .......................................... xxvii
Accessing Documentation From VisualDSP++ ................... xxvii
Accessing Documentation From Windows ........................ xxviii
Accessing Documentation From the Web .......................... xxviii
Printed Manuals ..................................................................... xxix
VisualDSP++ Documentation Set ....................................... xxix
Hardware Tools Manuals .................................................... xxix
Processor Manuals .............................................................. xxix
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual iii
CONTENTS
Data Sheets ....................................................................... xxix
Notation Conventions .................................................................. xxx
INTRODUCTION
Software Development Flow ......................................................... 1-2
Compiling and Assembling ........................................................... 1-3
Inputs – C/C++ and Assembly Sources .................................... 1-3
Input Section Directives in Assembly Code .............................. 1-4
Input Section Directives in C/C++ Source Files ........................ 1-5
Linking ........................................................................................ 1-7
Linker and Assembler Preprocessor .......................................... 1-8
Loading and Splitting ................................................................. 1-10
LINKER
Linker Operation .......................................................................... 2-2
Directing Linker Operation ..................................................... 2-3
Linking Process Rules .............................................................. 2-4
Linker Description File Overview ............................................ 2-5
Linking Environment ................................................................... 2-6
Project Builds ......................................................................... 2-6
Expert Linker ........................................................................ 2-14
Linker Warning and Error Messages ...................................... 2-15
Link Target Description .............................................................. 2-16
Representing Memory Architecture ........................................ 2-17
Specifying the Memory Map ................................................. 2-17
iv VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
CONTENTS
Memory Usage and Default Memory Sections .................... 2-18
Default Memory Sections for SHARC Processors ............... 2-19
seg_rth .......................................................................... 2-19
seg_init ......................................................................... 2-20
seg_int_code ................................................................. 2-20
seg_pmco ...................................................................... 2-20
seg_pmda ...................................................................... 2-20
seg_argv ........................................................................ 2-20
seg_ctdm ...................................................................... 2-20
seg_dmda ...................................................................... 2-21
seg_heap ....................................................................... 2-21
seg_stak ........................................................................ 2-21
seg_vtbl ........................................................................ 2-21
Other Memory Sections ................................................ 2-21
Default Memory Sections for TigerSHARC Processors ....... 2-22
program ........................................................................ 2-23
data1 ............................................................................ 2-23
data2 ............................................................................ 2-23
mem_argv ..................................................................... 2-23
ctor ............................................................................... 2-23
heaptab ......................................................................... 2-24
bsz ................................................................................ 2-24
bsz_init ......................................................................... 2-24
M1Stack ....................................................................... 2-24
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual v
CONTENTS
Default Memory Sections for Blackfin Processors .............. 2-25
M2Stack ....................................................................... 2-24
M1Heap ....................................................................... 2-24
vtbl .............................................................................. 2-25
program ....................................................................... 2-26
data1 ............................................................................ 2-26
cplb_code ..................................................................... 2-26
constdata ...................................................................... 2-27
cplb_data ..................................................................... 2-27
L1_DATA_A ................................................................ 2-27
L1_DATA_B ................................................................ 2-27
voldata ......................................................................... 2-27
argv .............................................................................. 2-28
ctor .............................................................................. 2-28
bsz ............................................................................... 2-28
bsz_init ........................................................................ 2-28
stack ............................................................................. 2-29
heap ............................................................................. 2-29
noncache_code ............................................................. 2-29
sdram0 ......................................................................... 2-29
vtbl .............................................................................. 2-29
Other Memory Sections ................................................ 2-30
Special “Table” Memory Sections ...................................... 2-30
.gdt .............................................................................. 2-30
vi VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
CONTENTS
.gdtl .............................................................................. 2-30
.edt ............................................................................... 2-30
.edtl .............................................................................. 2-31
.cht ............................................................................... 2-31
.chtl .............................................................................. 2-31
.frt ................................................................................ 2-31
.frtl ............................................................................... 2-31
Memory Characteristics Overview ..................................... 2-31
SHARC Memory Characteristics ................................... 2-32
TigerSHARC Memory Characteristics ........................... 2-34
Blackfin Processor Memory Characteristics .................... 2-36
Linker MEMORY{} Command in .LDF File ...................... 2-38
Placing Code on the Target .................................................... 2-40
Specifying Two Buffers in Different Memory Segments ...... 2-44
Profile-Guided Optimization Support .................................... 2-45
Passing Arguments for Simulation or Emulation ..................... 2-46
Linker Command-Line Reference ................................................ 2-47
Linker Command-Line Syntax ............................................... 2-47
Command-Line Object Files ............................................. 2-48
Command-Line File Names ............................................... 2-49
Object File Types .............................................................. 2-51
Linker Command-Line Switches ............................................ 2-51
Linker Switch Summary and Descriptions .......................... 2-53
@filename ......................................................................... 2-55
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual vii
CONTENTS
-Dprocessor ...................................................................... 2-55
-L path ............................................................................. 2-56
-M ................................................................................... 2-56
-MM ................................................................................ 2-56
-Map filename .................................................................. 2-56
-MDmacro[=def] .............................................................. 2-57
-MUDmacro .................................................................... 2-57
-S ..................................................................................... 2-57
-T filename ...................................................................... 2-58
-Wwarn [number] ............................................................ 2-58
-Wnumber[,number] ........................................................ 2-58
-e ..................................................................................... 2-59
-ek sectionName ............................................................... 2-59
-es sectionName ............................................................... 2-59
-ev ................................................................................... 2-59
-flags-meminit -opt1[,-opt2... .......................................... 2-60
-flags-pp-opt1[,-opt2...] ................................................... 2-60
-h[elp] .............................................................................. 2-60
-i|I directory ..................................................................... 2-60
-ip .................................................................................... 2-60
-jcs2l ................................................................................ 2-61
-jcs2l+ .............................................................................. 2-62
-keep symbolName ........................................................... 2-62
-meminit .......................................................................... 2-62
viii VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
CONTENTS
-nonmemcheck ................................................................. 2-62
-o filename ....................................................................... 2-63
-od directory ..................................................................... 2-63
-pp ................................................................................... 2-63
-proc processor .................................................................. 2-63
-s ...................................................................................... 2-64
-save-temps ....................................................................... 2-64
-si-revision version ............................................................ 2-64
-sp .................................................................................... 2-65
-t ...................................................................................... 2-65
-v[erbose] ......................................................................... 2-65
-version ............................................................................ 2-66
-warnonce ......................................................................... 2-66
-xref filename .................................................................... 2-66
LINKER DESCRIPTION FILE
LDF File Overview ....................................................................... 3-3
Default LDFs .......................................................................... 3-3
Example 1 – Basic .LDF File for Blackfin Processors ................. 3-6
Memory Usage in Blackfin Processors .................................. 3-8
Example 2 – Basic .LDF File for TigerSHARC Processors ......... 3-9
Example 3 – Basic .LDF File for SHARC Processors ............... 3-10
Notes on Basic .LDF File Examples ........................................ 3-11
LDF Structure ............................................................................ 3-16
Command Scoping ................................................................ 3-17
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual ix
CONTENTS
LDF Expressions ........................................................................ 3-18
LDF Keywords, Commands, and Operators ................................ 3-19
Miscellaneous LDF Keywords ................................................ 3-20
LDF Operators ........................................................................... 3-21
ABSOLUTE() Operator ........................................................ 3-21
ADDR() Operator ................................................................ 3-22
DEFINED() Operator .......................................................... 3-23
MEMORY_SIZEOF() Operator ............................................ 3-24
SIZEOF() Operator .............................................................. 3-24
Location Counter (.) ............................................................. 3-25
LDF Macros ............................................................................... 3-26
Built-In LDF Macros ............................................................ 3-27
User-Declared Macros ........................................................... 3-28
LDF Macros and Command-Line Interaction ........................ 3-28
LDF Commands ........................................................................ 3-29
ALIGN() .............................................................................. 3-30
ARCHITECTURE() ............................................................. 3-30
ELIMINATE() ...................................................................... 3-31
ELIMINATE_SECTIONS() ................................................. 3-32
INCLUDE() ......................................................................... 3-32
INPUT_SECTION_ALIGN() .............................................. 3-32
KEEP() ................................................................................. 3-33
KEEP_SECTIONS() ............................................................ 3-34
LINK_AGAINST() ............................................................... 3-34
x VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
CONTENTS
MAP() .................................................................................. 3-35
MEMORY{} .......................................................................... 3-35
Segment Declarations ........................................................ 3-37
MPMEMORY{} .................................................................... 3-38
OVERLAY_GROUP{} ........................................................... 3-39
PACKING() .......................................................................... 3-39
Packing in SHARC Processors ........................................... 3-41
Overlay Packing Formats in SHARC Processors ............. 3-42
External Execution Packing in SHARC Processors .......... 3-43
PLIT{} .................................................................................. 3-45
PROCESSOR{} ..................................................................... 3-45
RESOLVE() .......................................................................... 3-47
SEARCH_DIR() ................................................................... 3-47
SECTIONS{} ........................................................................ 3-48
INPUT_SECTIONS() ...................................................... 3-51
expression ......................................................................... 3-52
FILL(hex number) ............................................................ 3-52
PLIT{plit_commands} ...................................................... 3-52
OVERLAY_INPUT{overlay_commands} ........................... 3-53
SHARED_MEMORY{} ......................................................... 3-55
EXPERT LINKER
Expert Linker Overview ................................................................ 4-2
Launching the Create LDF Wizard ................................................ 4-4
Step 1: Specifying Project Information ..................................... 4-5
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xi
CONTENTS
Step 2: Specifying System Information ..................................... 4-6
Step 3: Completing the LDF Wizard ....................................... 4-9
Expert Linker Window Overview ................................................ 4-10
Input Sections Pane .................................................................... 4-12
Input Sections Menu ............................................................. 4-12
Mapping an Input Section to an Output Section .................... 4-14
Viewing Icons and Colors ...................................................... 4-15
Sorting Objects ..................................................................... 4-17
Memory Map Pane ..................................................................... 4-19
Context Menu ...................................................................... 4-22
Tree View Memory Map Representation ................................ 4-24
Graphical View Memory Map Representation ........................ 4-25
Specifying Pre- and Post-Link Memory Map View ................. 4-31
Zooming In and Out on the Memory Map ............................ 4-32
Adding a Memory Segment ................................................... 4-33
Inserting a Gap Into a Memory Segment ............................... 4-35
Working With Overlays ........................................................ 4-36
Viewing Section Contents ..................................................... 4-38
Viewing Symbols .................................................................. 4-41
Profiling Object Sections ....................................................... 4-42
Adding Shared Memory Segments and Linking Object Files ... 4-46
Managing Object Properties ........................................................ 4-51
Managing General Global Properties ..................................... 4-52
Managing Processor Properties .............................................. 4-53
xii VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Managing PLIT Properties for Overlays ................................. 4-55
Managing Elimination Properties ........................................... 4-56
Managing Symbols Properties ................................................ 4-58
Managing Memory Segment Properties .................................. 4-61
Managing Output Section Properties ..................................... 4-62
Managing Packing Properties ................................................. 4-65
Managing Alignment and Fill Properties ................................ 4-67
Managing Overlay Properties ................................................. 4-69
Managing Stack and Heap in Processor Memory .................... 4-71
Managing Shared Memory Properties ..................................... 4-74
MEMORY OVERLAYS AND ADVANCED LDF
COMMANDS
Overview ...................................................................................... 5-2
Memory Management Using Overlays ........................................... 5-4
Introduction to Memory Overlays ............................................ 5-5
Overlay Managers .................................................................... 5-7
Breakpoints on Overlays ...................................................... 5-7
Memory Overlay Support ........................................................ 5-8
Example – Managing Two Overlays ....................................... 5-13
Linker-Generated Constants .................................................. 5-16
Overlay Word Sizes ................................................................ 5-16
Storing Overlay ID ................................................................ 5-19
Overlay Manager Function Summary ..................................... 5-20
Reducing Overlay Manager Overhead .................................... 5-20
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xiii
Using PLIT{} and Overlay Manager ....................................... 5-25
Inter-Overlay Calls ........................................................... 5-27
Inter-Processor Calls ......................................................... 5-27
Advanced LDF Commands ......................................................... 5-30
MPMEMORY{} .................................................................... 5-30
OVERLAY_GROUP{} .......................................................... 5-32
Ungrouped Overlay Execution .......................................... 5-33
Grouped Overlay Execution .............................................. 5-35
PLIT{} .................................................................................. 5-36
PLIT Syntax ..................................................................... 5-36
Command Evaluation and Setup ................................... 5-37
Overlay PLIT Requirements and PLIT Examples ............... 5-38
PLIT – Summary .............................................................. 5-40
SHARED_MEMORY{} ........................................................ 5-40
ARCHIVER
Archiver Guide ............................................................................. 6-2
Creating a Library From VisualDSP++ ..................................... 6-3
Making Archived Functions Usable ......................................... 6-3
Writing Archive Routines: Creating Entry Points ................. 6-4
Accessing Archived Functions From Your Code ................... 6-5
Archiver File Searches ......................................................... 6-6
Tagging an Archive With Version Information ..................... 6-6
Basic Version Information ............................................... 6-6
User-Defined Version Information .................................. 6-7
xiv VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Printing Version Information ........................................... 6-8
Removing Version Information From an Archive .............. 6-9
Checking Version Number .............................................. 6-9
Adding Text to Version Information .............................. 6-10
Archiver Command-Line Reference ............................................. 6-11
elfar Command Syntax .......................................................... 6-11
Archiver Parameters and Switches .......................................... 6-12
Command-Line Constraints .................................................. 6-14
Archiver Symbol Name Encryption ........................................ 6-15
MEMORY INITIALIZER
Memory Initializer Overview ......................................................... 7-2
Basic Operation of Memory Initializer ........................................... 7-3
Input and Output Files ............................................................ 7-3
Initialization Stream Structure ....................................................... 7-5
Run-Time Library Routine Basic Operation ................................... 7-6
Using the Memory Initializer ......................................................... 7-7
Preparing the Linker Description File (.LDF) ........................... 7-7
Preparing the Source Files ........................................................ 7-8
Invoking the Memory Initializer ............................................ 7-10
Invoking Memory Initializer from the VisualDSP++ IDDE 7-10
Invoking Memory Initializer from Command Line ............. 7-11
Invoking Memory Initializer from Linker’s Command Line 7-11
Invoking Memory Initializer from Compiler’s Command Line 7-11
Invoking Memory Initializer with Callback Executables ..... 7-11
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xv
Memory Initializer Command-Line Switches ............................... 7-13
-BeginInit Initsymbol ............................................................ 7-14
-h ......................................................................................... 7-15
-IgnoreSection Sectionname .................................................. 7-15
-Init Initcode.dxe .................................................................. 7-15
InputFile.dxe ........................................................................ 7-16
-NoAuto ............................................................................... 7-16
-NoErase ............................................................................... 7-16
-o Outputfile.dxe .................................................................. 7-17
-Section Sectionname ............................................................ 7-17
-SectDestination Sectionname ............................................... 7-17
-v ......................................................................................... 7-18
FILE FORMATS
Source Files .................................................................................. A-2
C/C++ Source Files ................................................................. A-2
Assembly Source Files (.ASM) ................................................. A-3
Assembly Initialization Data Files (.DAT) ................................ A-3
Header Files (.H) .................................................................... A-4
Linker Description Files (.LDF) .............................................. A-4
Linker Command-Line Files (.TXT) ........................................ A-5
Build Files .................................................................................... A-5
Assembler Object Files (.DOJ) ................................................ A-5
Library Files (.DLB) ................................................................ A-5
Linker Output Files (.DXE, .SM, and .OVL) ........................... A-6
xvi VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Memory Map Files (.XML) ..................................................... A-6
Loader Output Files in Intel Hex-32 Format (.LDR) ............... A-6
Splitter Output Files in ASCII Format (.LDR) ........................ A-8
Debugger Files ............................................................................. A-9
Format References ...................................................................... A-10
UTILITIES
elfdump – ELF File Dumper ........................................................ B-1
Disassembling a Library Member ............................................ B-3
Dumping Overlay Library Files ............................................... B-4
LDF PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FOR TIGERSHARC
PROCESSORS
Linking a Single-Processor System ................................................ C-2
Linking Large Uninitialized or Zero-InitializedVariables ................ C-4
Linking an ADSP-TS101 MP Shared Memory System .................. C-6
Linking for Overlay Memory ...................................................... C-12
LDF PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FOR SHARC
PROCESSORS
Linking a Single-Processor SHARC System ................................... D-2
Linking Large Uninitialized Variables ........................................... D-4
Linking for MP and Shared Memory ............................................ D-6
Reflective Semaphores .......................................................... D-11
Linking for Overlay Memory ...................................................... D-13
LDF PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FOR BLACKFIN
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xvii
PROCESSORS
Linking for a Single-Processor System ........................................... E-2
Linking Large Uninitialized or Zero-initialized Variables ................ E-4
Linking for Assembly Source File .................................................. E-6
Linking for C Source File – Example 1 .......................................... E-8
Linking for Complex C Source File – Example 2 ......................... E-11
Linking for Overlay Memory ...................................................... E-17
INDEX
xviii VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
PREFACE
Thank you for purchasing Analog Devices development software for digital signal processors (DSPs).
Purpose of This Manual
The VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual contains information
about the linker and utilities programs for 16-bit fixed-point Blackfin®
(ADSP-BFxxx) processors, and 32-bit (floating-point and fixed-point)
TigerSHARC® (ADSP-TSxxx) and SHARC® (ADSP-21xxx) processors
which set a new standard of performance for digital signal processors,
combining multiple computation units for floating-point and fixed-point
processing as well as wide word width.
This manual provides information on the linking process and describes
the syntax for the linker’s command language—a scripting language that
the linker reads from the linker description file. The manual leads you
through using the linker, archiver, and utilities to produce DSP programs
and provides reference information on the file utility software.
Intended Audience
The primary audience for this manual is a programmer who is familiar
with Analog Devices processors. This manual assumes that the audience
has a working knowledge of the appropriate processor architecture and
instruction set. Programmers who are unfamiliar with Analog Devices
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xix
Manual Contents
processors can use this manual, but should supplement it with other texts
(such as the appropriate hardware reference and programming reference
manuals) that describe your target architecture.
Manual Contents
The manual contains:
• Chapter 1, “Introduction”
This chapter provides an overview of the linker and utilities.
• Chapter 2, “Linker”
This chapter describes how to combine object files into reusable
library files to link routines referenced by other object files.
• Chapter 3, “Linker Description File”
This chapter describes how to write an .LDF file to define the
target.
• Chapter 4, “Expert Linker”
This chapter describes Expert Linker, which is an interactive
graphical tool to set up and map processor memory.
• Chapter 5, “Memory Overlays and Advanced LDF Commands”
This chapter describes how overlays and advanced LDF commands
are used for memory management.
• Chapter 6 “Archiver”
This chapter describes the
object files into library files, which serve as reusable resources for
code development.
• Chapter 7 “Memory Initializer”
This chapter describes the Memory Initializer utility that is used to
generate a single initialization stream and save it in a section in the
output executable file.
xx VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
elfar archiver utility used to combine
Preface
• Appendix A, “File Formats”
This appendix lists and describes the file formats that the development tools use as inputs or produce as outputs.
• Appendix B, “Utilities”
This appendix describes the utilities that provide legacy and file
conversion support.
• Appendix C, “LDF Programming Examples for TigerSHARC Pro-
cessors”
This appendix provides code examples of .LDF files used with
TigerSHARC processors.
• Appendix D, “LDF Programming Examples for SHARC Proces-
sors”
This appendix provides code examples of .LDF files used with
SHARC processors.
• Appendix E, “LDF Programming Examples for Blackfin Proces-
sors”
This appendix provides code examples of .LDF files used with
Blackfin processors.
What’s New in This Manual
This is a new manual that documents linking support for all currently
available Analog Devices 32-bit floating-point and fixed-point SHARC
and TigerSHARC
processors.
Loader/splitter information is now available in a separate Loader manual.
Refer to VisualDSP++ 4.0 Product Bulletin for information on all new and
updated features and other release information.
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xxi
processors, as well as 16-bit fixed-point Blackfin
Technical or Customer Support
Technical or Customer Support
You can reach Analog Devices, Inc. Customer Support in the following
ways:
• Visit the Embedded Processing and DSP products Web site at
http://www.analog.com/processors/technicalSupport
• E-mail tools questions to
dsptools.support@analog.com
• E-mail processor questions to
dsp.support@analog.com
• Phone questions to 1-800-ANALOGD
• Contact your Analog Devices, Inc. local sales office or authorized
distributor
• Send questions by mail to:
Analog Devices, Inc.
One Technology Way
P.O. Box 9106
Norwood, MA 02062-9106
USA
xxii VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Preface
Supported Processors
The following is the list of Analog Devices, Inc. processors supported in
VisualDSP++ 4.0.
TigerSHARC (ADSP-TSxxx) Processors
The name “TigerSHARC” refers to a family of floating-point and
fixed-point [8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit] processors. VisualDSP++ currently
supports the following TigerSHARC processors:
ADSP-TS101 ADSP-TS201 ADSP-TS202 ADSP-TS203
SHARC (ADSP-21xxx) Processors
The name “SHARC” refers to a family of high-performance, 32-bit,
floating-point processors that can be used in speech, sound, graphics, and
imaging applications. VisualDSP++ currently supports the following
SHARC processors:
ADSP-21020 ADSP-21060 ADSP-21061 ADSP-21062
ADSP-21065L ADSP-21160 ADSP-21161 ADSP-21261
ADSP-21262 ADSP-21266 ADSP-21267 ADSP-21363
ADSP-21364 ADSP-21365 ADSP-21366 ADSP-21367
ADSP-21368 ADSP-21369
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xxiii
Product Information
Blackfin (ADSP-BFxxx) Processors
The name “Blackfin” refers to a family of 16-bit, embedded processors.
VisualDSP++ currently supports the following Blackfin processors:
ADSP-BF531 ADSP-BF532 (formerly ADSP-21532)
ADSP-BF533 ADSP-BF535 (formerly ADSP-21535)
ADSP-BF536 ADSP-BF537
ADSP-BF538 ADSP-BF539
ADSP-BF561 ADSP-BF566
AD6532
Product Information
You can obtain product information from the Analog Devices Web site,
from the product CD-ROM, or from the printed publications (manuals).
Analog Devices is online at www.analog.com. Our Web site provides information about a broad range of products—analog integrated circuits,
amplifiers, converters, and digital signal processors.
MyAnalog.com
MyAnalog.com is a free feature of the Analog Devices Web site that allows
customization of a Web page to display only the latest information on
products you are interested in. You can also choose to receive weekly
e-mail notifications containing updates to the Web pages that meet your
interests. MyAnalog.com provides access to books, application notes, data
sheets, code examples, and more.
xxiv VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Preface
Registration
Visit www.myanalog.com to sign up. Click Register to use MyAnalog.com.
Registration takes about five minutes and serves as a means to select the
information you want to receive.
If you are already a registered user, just log on. Your user name is your
e-mail address.
Processor Product Information
For information on embedded processors and DSPs, visit our Web site at
www.analog.com/processors, which provides access to technical publica-
tions, data sheets, application notes, product overviews, and product
announcements.
You may also obtain additional information about Analog Devices and its
products in any of the following ways.
• E-mail questions or requests for information to
dsp.support@analog.com
• Fax questions or requests for information to
1-781-461-3010 (North America)
089/76 903-557 (Europe)
• Access the FTP Web site at
ftp ftp.analog.com or ftp 137.71.23.21
ftp://ftp.analog.com
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xxv
Product Information
Related Documents
For information on product related development software, see these
publications:
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 Getting Started Guide
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 User’s Guide
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 C/C++ Compiler and Library Manual for SHARC
Processors
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 C/C++ Compiler and Library Manual for
TigerSHARC Processors
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 C/C++ Compiler and Library Manual for Blackfin
Processors
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 Assembler and Preprocessor Manual
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
• VisualDSP++ 4.0 Product Release Bulletin
• VisualDSP++ Kernel (VDK) User’s Guide
• Quick Installation Reference Card
For hardware information, refer to your processors’s hardware reference,
programming reference, or data sheet. All documentation is available
online. Most documentation is available in printed form.
Visit the Technical Library Web site to access all processor and tools manuals and data sheets:
http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary
xxvi VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Preface
Online Technical Documentation
Online documentation includes the VisualDSP++ Help system, software
tools manuals, hardware tools manuals, processor manuals, Dinkum
Abridged C++ library, and Flexible License Manager (FlexLM) network
license manager software documentation. You can easily search across the
entire VisualDSP++ documentation set for any topic of interest using the
Search function of VisualDSP++ Help system. For easy printing, supplementary .PDF files of most manuals are also provided.
Each documentation file type is described as follows.
File Description
.CHM Help system files and manuals in Help format
.HTM or
.HTML
.PDF VisualDSP++ and processor manuals in Portable Documentation Format (PDF).
Dinkum Abridged C++ library and FlexLM network license manager software documentation. Viewing and printing the .HTML files requires a browser, such as
Internet Explorer 4.0 (or higher).
Viewing and printing the .PDF files requires a PDF reader, such as Adobe Acrobat
Reader (4.0 or higher).
Access the online documentation from the VisualDSP++ environment,
Windows® Explorer, or the Analog Devices Web site.
Accessing Documentation From VisualDSP++
From the VisualDSP++ environment:
• Access VisualDSP++ online Help from the Help menu’s Contents,
Search, and Index commands.
• Open online Help from context-sensitive user interface items (toolbar buttons, menu commands, and windows).
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xxvii
Product Information
Accessing Documentation From Windows
In addition to any shortcuts you may have constructed, there are many
ways to open VisualDSP++ online Help or the supplementary documentation from Windows.
Help system files (.CHM) are located in the Help folder of VisualDSP++
environment. The .PDF files are located in the Docs folder of your
VisualDSP++ installation CD-ROM. The Docs folder also contains the
Dinkum Abridged C++ library and the FlexLM network license manager
software documentation.
Using Windows Explorer
• Double-click the vdsp-help.chm file, which is the master Help system, to access all the other .CHM files.
• Open your VisualDSP++ installation CD-ROM and double-click
any file that is part of the VisualDSP++ documentation set.
Using the Windows Start Button
• Access VisualDSP++ online Help by clicking the Start button and
choosing Programs, Analog Devices, VisualDSP++, and
VisualDSP++ Documentation.
Accessing Documentation From the Web
Download manuals in PDF format at the following Web site:
http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary/manuals
Select a processor family and book title. Download archive (.ZIP) files, one
for each manual. Use any archive management software, such as WinZip,
to decompress downloaded files.
xxviii VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
Preface
Printed Manuals
For general questions regarding literature ordering, call the Literature
Center at 1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643) and follow the prompts.
VisualDSP++ Documentation Set
To purchase VisualDSP++ manuals, call 1-603-883-2430. The manuals
may be purchased only as a kit.
If you do not have an account with Analog Devices, you are referred to
Analog Devices distributors. For information on our distributors, log onto
http://www.analog.com/salesdir/continent.asp.
Hardware Tools Manuals
To purchase EZ-KIT Lite® and In-Circuit Emulator (ICE) manuals, call
1-603-883-2430. The manuals may be ordered by title or by product
number located on the back cover of each manual.
Processor Manuals
Hardware reference and instruction set reference manuals may be ordered
through the Literature Center at 1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643),
or downloaded from the Analog Devices Web site. Manuals may be
ordered by title or by product number located on the back cover of each
manual.
Data Sheets
All data sheets (preliminary and production) may be downloaded from the
Analog Devices Web site. Only production (final) data sheets (Rev. 0, A,
B, C, and so on) can be obtained from the Literature Center at
1-800-ANALOGD (1-800-262-5643); they also can be downloaded from
the Web site.
VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual xxix
Notation Conventions
To have a data sheet faxed to you, call the Analog Devices Faxback System
at 1-800-446-6212. Follow the prompts and a list of data sheet code
numbers will be faxed to you. If the data sheet you want is not listed,
check for it on the Web site.
Notation Conventions
Text conventions used in this manual are identified and described as
follows.
L
Example Description
Close command
(File menu)
{this | that} Alternative required items in syntax descriptions appear within curly
[this | that] Optional items in syntax descriptions appear within brackets and sepa-
[this,…] Optional item lists in syntax descriptions appear within brackets
.SECTION Commands, directives, keywords, and feature names are in text with
filename Non-keyword placeholders appear in text with italic style format.
appear throughout this document.
Titles in reference sections indicate the location of an item within the
VisualDSP++ environment’s menu system (for example, the Close
command appears on the File menu).
brackets and separated by vertical bars; read the example as this or
that. One or the other is required.
rated by vertical bars; read the example as an optional this or that.
delimited by commas and terminated with an ellipse; read the example
as an optional comma-separated list of
letter gothic font.
this.
Additional conventions, which apply only to specific chapters, may
xxx VisualDSP++ 4.0 Linker and Utilities Manual
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