FEATURES
Low Cost, Pin- and Register-Compatible Alternative to
AD1848
Single-Chip Integrated ∑∆ Digital Audio Stereo Codec
Supports the Microsoft Windows Sound System*
Multiple Channels of Stereo Input and Output
Analog and Digital Signal Mixing
Programmable Gain and Attenuation
On-Chip Signal Filters
Digital Interpolation and Decimation
Analog Output Low-Pass
Sample Rates from 5.5 kHz to 48 kHz
68-Lead PLCC Package
Operation from +5 V Supply
Byte-Wide Parallel Interface to ISA and EISA Buses
Supports One or Two DMA Channels and
Programmed I/O
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The Parallel-Port AD1846 SoundPort® Stereo Codec integrates
key audio data conversion and control functions into a single integrated circuit. The AD1846 is intended to provide a complete,
single-chip audio solution for business audio and multimedia
applications requiring operation from a single +5 V supply.
*Windows Sound System is a trademark of Microsoft Corp.
SoundPort is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
SoundPort Stereo Codec
AD1846
It provides a direct, byte-wide interface to both ISA (“AT”) and
EISA computer buses for simplified implementation on a computer motherboard or add-in card. The AD1846 generates enable and direction controls for IC buffers such as the 74_245.
The AD1846 SoundPort Stereo Codec supports a DMA request/grant architecture for transferring data with the host computer bus. One or two DMA channels can be supported.
Programmed I/O (PIO) mode is also supported for control register accesses and for applications lacking DMA control. Two
input control lines support mixed direct and indirect addressing
of twenty-one internal control registers over this asynchronous
interface.
External circuit requirements are limited to a minimal number
of low cost support components. Anti-imaging DAC output
filters are incorporated on-chip. DAC dynamic range exceeds
80 dB over the 20 kHz audio band. Sample rates from 5.5 kHz
to 48 kHz are supported from external crystals.
The Codec includes a stereo pair of ∑∆ analog-to-digital converters and a stereo pair of ∑∆ digital-to-analog converters. Inputs to the ADC can be selected from four stereo pairs of analog
signals: line, microphone (“mic”), auxiliary (“aux”) line #1, and
post-mixed DAC output. A software-controlled programmable
gain stage allows independent gain for each channel going into
the ADC. The ADCs’ output can be digitally mixed with the
DACs’ input.
(Continued on page 9)
ANALOG
ANALOG
L_LINE
R_LINE
L_MIC
R_MIC
L_AUX1
R_AUX1
L_OUT
R_OUT
L_AUX2
R_AUX2
SUPPLY
GAIN/ATTEN/
MUTE
L
∑
R
∑
GAIN/ATTEN/
MUTE
ATTEN/
MUTE
ATTEN/
MUTE
MUX
L
R
ANALOG
FILTER
ANALOG
FILTER
GAIN
GAIN
CONVERTER
CONVERTER
AD1846
∑∆ D/A
CONVERTER
∑∆ D/A
CONVERTER
REFERENCE
V
REF
∑∆ A/D
∑∆ A/D
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
DIGITAL
SUPPLY
16
16
INTERPOL
INTERPOL
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700Fax: 617/326-8703
CRYSTALS
OSCILLATORS
ATTENUATE
ATTENUATE
DIGITAL
MIX
∑
∑
CONTROL
POWER DOWN
µ/
A
L
A
W
µ/
A
L
A
W
REGS
DIGITAL
PLAYBACK REQ
P
A
R
A
L
L
E
L
P
O
R
T
PLAYBACK ACK
CAPTURE REQ
CAPTURE ACK
ADR1:0
DATA7:0
CS
WR
RD
BUS DRIVER
CONTROL
HOST DMA
INTERRUPT
EXTERNAL
CONTROL
AD1846–SPECIFICA TIONS
STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED
DAC Output Conditions
Post-Autocalibrated
Temperature25°C0 dB Attenuation
Digital Supply (V
Analog Supply (V
Word Rate (F
Input Signal1007HzMute Off
Analog Output Passband20 Hz to 20 kHzADC Input Conditions
FFT Size4096Post-Autocalibrated
V
IH
V
IL
V
OH
V
OL
ANALOG INPUT
Full Scale Input Voltage (RMS Values Assume Sine Wave Input)
Line Inputs (Input L, Ground R, Read R;–80dB
Input R, Ground L, Read L)
Line to MIC (Input LINE, Ground and–80dB
Select MIC, Read Both Channels)
Line to AUX1–80dB
Line to AUX2–80dB
Gain Error (Full-Scale Span Relative to Nominal Input Voltage)±10%
Interchannel Gain Mismatch±0.5dB
(Difference of Gain Errors)
ADC Offset Error12mV
DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS
MinTypMaxUnits
Resolution16Bits
Dynamic Range (–60 dB Input,8083dB
THD+N Referenced to Full Scale, A-Weighted)
THD+N (Referenced to Full Scale)0.02%
–73–70dB
Signal-to-Intermodulation Distortion86dB
Gain Error (Full-Scale Span Relative to Nominal Output Voltage)±10%
Interchannel Gain Mismatch±0.5dB
(Difference of L and R Gain Errors)
DAC Crosstalk* (Input L, Zero R, Measure–80dB
R_OUT; Input R, Zero L, Measure L_OUT)
Total Out-of-Band Energy*–50dB
(Measured from 0.6 3 F
to 96 kHz)
S
Audible Out-of-Band Energy*–70dB
(Measured from 0.6 3 FS to 20 kHz, Tested at 5.5 kHz)
*Guaranteed Not Tested.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. A
–3–
AD1846
DAC ATTENUATOR
MinTypMaxUnits
Step Size (0 dB to –60 dB)1.31.51.7dB
(Tested at Steps 0 dB, –19.5 dB and –60 dB)
Step Size (–60 dB to –94.5 dB)*1.01.52.0dB
Output Attenuation Range Span*93.594.595.5dB
(|Muted Output Minus Unmuted
Midscale DAC Output|)
2.002.252.50V
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
MinTypMaxUnits
Peak-to-Peak Frequency Response Ripple*1.0dB
(Line In to Line Out)
Differential Nonlinearity*± 1Bit
Phase Linearity Deviation*5Degrees
STATIC DIGITAL SPECIFICATIONS
MinMaxUnits
High Level Input Voltage (V
Digital Inputs2.4(V
XTAL1/2I2.4(V
Low Level Input Voltage (V
High Level Output Voltage (V
Low Level Output Voltage (V
)
IH
)–0.30.8V
IL
) at IOH = –2 mA2.4V
OH
) at IOL = 2 mA0.4V
OL
) + 0.3V
DD
) + 0.3V
DD
Input Leakage Current–1010µA
(GO/NOGO Tested)
Output Leakage Current–1010µA
(GO/NOGO Tested)
DIGITAL MIX ATTENUATOR
MinTypMaxUnits
Step Size (0 dB to –94 dB)
(Tested at Steps 0 dB, –19.5 dB)1.01.52.0dB
Output Attenuation Range Span*–93.595.5dB
*Guaranteed, not tested.
–4–
REV. A
TIMING PARAMETERS (GUARANTEED OVER OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE)
MinMaxUnits
AD1846
WR/RD Strobe Width (t
WR/RD Rising to WR/RD Falling (t
Write Data Setup to
RD Falling to Valid Read Data (t
CS Setup to WR/RD Falling (t
CS Hold from WR/RD Rising (t
Adr Setup to
Adr Hold from
WR/RD Falling (t
WR/RD Rising (t
DAK Rising to WR/RD Falling (t
DAK Falling to WR/RD Rising (t
DAK Setup to WR/RD Falling (t
Data Hold from
Data Hold from
DRQ Hold from
RD Rising (t
WR Rising (t
WR/RD Falling (t
DAK Hold from WR Rising (t
DAK Hold from RD Rising (t
DBEN/DBDIR Delay from WR/RD Falling (t
POWER SUPPLY
)130ns
STW
WR Rising (t
RDDV
CSSU
CSHD
ADSU
ADHD
SUDK1
SUDK2
DKSU
DHD1
DHD2
DKHDa
DKHDb
)140ns
BWND
)10ns
WDSU
)2040ns
)10ns
)0ns
)10ns
)10ns
)60ns
)0ns
)25ns
)020ns
)15ns
)030ns
DRHD
)10ns
)10ns
)020ns
DBDL
MinMaxUnits
Power Supply Range – Analog4.755.25V
Power Supply Range – 5 V Digital4.755.25V
Power Supply Current – 5 V Operating120mA
(5 V Supplies)
Analog Supply Current – 5 V Operating65mA
Digital Supply Current – 5 V Operating55mA
Digital Power Supply Current – Power Down0.5mA
Analog Power Supply Current – Power Down0.5mA
Power Dissipation – 5 V Operating600mW
(Current
Nominal Supplies)
•
Power Dissipation – Power Down
(Current
Nominal Supplies)5mW
•
Power Supply Rejection (100 mV p-p Signal @ 1 kHz)*40dB
(At Both Analog and Digital Supply Pins, Both ADCs
and DACs)
CLOCK SPECIFICATIONS*
MinMaxUnits
Input Clock Frequency27MHz
Recommended Clock Duty Cycle Tolerance±10%
Initialization Time
16.9344 MHz Crystal Selected70ms
24.576 MHz Crystal Selected90ms
*Guaranteed, not tested.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. A
–5–
AD1846
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
ORDERING GUIDE
Min MaxUnits
Power Supplies
Digital (V
Analog (V
DD
CC
Input Current
)–0.3 6.0V
)–0.3 6.0V
ModelRangeDescription
AD1846JP0°C to +70°C68-Lead PLCC
TemperaturePackage
(Except Supply Pins)± 10.0mA
Analog Input Voltage (Signal Pins) –0.3 (V
Digital Input Voltage (Signal Pins) –0.3 (V
) + 0.3V
CC
) + 0.3V
DD
Ambient Temperature (Operating) 0+70°C
Storage Temperature–65+150°C
*Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause
permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the AD1846 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
CDRQ12OCapture Data Request. The assertion of this signal indicates that the Codec has a captured
audio sample from the ADC ready for transfer. This signal will remain asserted until all the
bytes from the capture buffer have been transferred.
CDAK11ICapture Data Acknowledge. The assertion of this active LO signal indicates that the RD
cycle occurring is a DMA read from the capture buffer.
PDRQ14OPlayback Data Request. The assertion of this signal indicates that the Codec is ready for
more DAC playback data. The signal will remain asserted until all the bytes needed for a
playback sample have been transferred.
PDAK13IPlayback Data Acknowledge. The assertion of this active LO signal indicates that the WR
cycle occurring is a DMA write to the playback buffer.
ADR1:09 & 10ICodec Addresses. These address pins are asserted by the Codec interface logic during a con-
trol register/PIO access. The state of these address lines determine which register is accessed.
RD60IRead Command Strobe. This active LO signal defines a read cycle from the Codec. The
cycle may be a read from the control/PIO registers, or the cycles could be a read from the
Codec’s DMA sample registers.
WR61IWrite Command Strobe. This active LO signal indicates a write cycle to the Codec. The
cycle may be a write to the control/PIO registers, or the cycle could be a write to the Codec’s
DMA sample registers.
CS59IAD1846 Chip Select. The Codec will not respond to any control/PIO cycle accesses unless
this active LO signal is LO. This signal is ignored during DMA transfers.
DATA7:03–6 &I/OData Bus. These pins transfer data and control information between the Codec and the host.
65–68
DBEN63OData Bus Enable. This pin enables the external bus drivers. This signal is normally HI.
For control register/PIO cycles,
DBEN = (WR OR RD) AND CS
For DMA cycles,
DBEN = (WR OR RD) AND (PDAK OR CDAK)
DBDIR62OData Bus Direction. This pin controls the direction of the data bus transceiver. HI enables
writes from the host to the AD1846; LO enables reads from the AD1846 to the host bus.
This signal is normally HI.
For control register/PIO cycles,
DBDIR =
For DMA cycles,
DBDIR = RD AND (PDAK OR CDAK)
RD AND CS
REV. A
–7–
AD1846
Analog Signals
Pin NamePLCCI/ODescription
L_LINE30ILeft Line Input. Line level input for the left channel.
R_LINE27IRight Line Input. Line level input for the right channel.
L_MIC29ILeft Microphone Input. Microphone input for the left channel. This signal can be ei-
ther line level or –20 dB from line level.
R_MIC28IRight Microphone Input. Microphone input for the right channel. This signal can be
either line level or –20 dB from line level.
L_AUX139ILeft Auxiliary #1 Line Input
R_AUX142IRight Auxiliary #1 Line Input
L_AUX238ILeft Auxiliary #2 Line Input
R_AUX243IRight Auxiliary #2 Line Input
L_OUT40OLeft Line Level Output
R_OUT41ORight Line Level Output
Miscellaneous
Pin NamePLCCI/ODescription
XTAL1I17I24.576 MHz Crystal #1 Input
XTAL1O18O24.576 MHz Crystal #1 Output
XTAL2I21I16.9344 MHz Crystal #2 Input
XTAL2O22O16.9344 MHz Crystal #2 Output
PWRDWN23IPower-Down Signal. Active LO control places AD1846 in its lowest power consump-
tion mode. All sections of the AD1846, including the digital interface, are shut down
and consume minimal power.
INT57OHost Interrupt Pin. This signal is used to notify the host that the DMA Current Count
Register has underflowed.
XCTL1:O56 & 58OExternal Control. These signals reflect the current status of register bits inside the
AD1846. They can be used for signaling or to control external logic. XLTL1 and
XLTL0 are open-drain outputs.
V
REF
_F33IVoltage Reference Filter. Voltage reference filter point for external bypassing only.
V
REF
L_FILT31ILeft Channel Filter Input. This pin requires a 1.0 µF capacitor to analog ground for
R_FILT26IRight Channel Filter Input. This pin requires a 1.0 µF capacitor to analog ground for
NC46–52, 55No Connect. Do not connect.
32OVoltage Reference. Nominal 2.25 volt reference available externally for dc-coupling and
level-shifting. V
should not be used where it will sink or source current.
REF
proper operation.
proper operation.
Power Supplies
Pin NamePLCCI/ODescription
V
CC
35 & 36IAnalog Supply Voltage (+5 V)
GNDA34 & 37IAnalog Ground
V
DD
1, 7, 15, 19,IDigital Supply Voltage (+5 V)
24, 45, 54
GNDD2, 8, 16, 20,IDigital Ground
25, 44, 53, 64
–8–
REV. A
AD1846
(Continued from page 1)
AD1846
DATA7:0
WR
DBDIR
DBEN
PDRQ
CDRQ
PDAK
CDAK
INT
CS
RD
ADDRESS
DECODE
A1
A0
DIR
G
7
4
2
4
5
8
B
AEN
18
SA19:2
SA1
SA0
IOWC
IORC
8
DATA7:0
ISA BUS
A
DRQ<X>
DRQ<Y>
DAK<X>
DAK<Y>
IRQ<Z>
Figure 1. Interface to ISA Bus
The pair of 16-bit outputs from the ADCs is available over a
byte-wide bidirectional interface that also supports 16-bit digital
input to the DACs and control information. The AD1846 can
accept and generate 16-bit twos-complement PCM linear digital
data, 8-bit unsigned magnitude PCM linear data, and 8-bit
µ-law or A-law companded digital data.
The ∑∆ DACs are preceded by a digital interpolation filter. An
attenuator provides independent user volume control over each
DAC channel. Nyquist images and shaped quantization noise
are removed from the DACs’ analog stereo output by on-chip
switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters. Two stereo pairs
of auxiliary line-level inputs can also be mixed in the analog domain with the DAC output.
AUDIO FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
This section overviews the functionality of the AD1846 and is
intended as a general introduction to the capabilities of the device. As much as possible, detailed reference information has
been placed in “Control Registers” and other sections. The user
is not expected to refer repeatedly to this section.
Analog Inputs
The AD1846 SoundPort Stereo Codec accepts stereo line-level
and mic-level inputs. LINE, MIC, and AUX1 inputs and postmixed DAC output analog stereo signals are multiplexed to the
internal programmable gain amplifier (PGA) stage.
The PGA following the input multiplexer allows independent
selectable gains for each channel from 0 to 22.5 dB in +1.5 dB
steps. The Codec can operate either in a global stereo mode or
in a global mono mode with left channel inputs appearing at
both channel outputs.
Analog Mixing
AUX1 and AUX2 analog stereo signals can be mixed in the analog domain with the DAC output. Each channel of each auxiliary analog input can be independently gained/attenuated from
+12 dB to –34.5 dB in –1.5 dB steps or completely muted. The
post mixed DAC output is available on OUT externally and as
an input to the ADCs.
Even if the AD1846 is not playing back data from its DACs, the
analog mix function can still be active.
Analog-to-Digital Datapath
The AD1846 ∑∆ ADCs incorporate a fourth order modulator.
A single pole of passive filtering is all that is required for antialiasing the analog input because of the ADC’s high 64 times
oversampling ratio. The ADCs include linear phase digital decimation filters that low-pass filter the input to 0.4 3 F
. (“FS’’ is
S
the word rate or “sampling frequency”). ADC input overrange
conditions will cause bits to be set that can be read.
Each channel of the mic inputs can be amplified digitally by
+18 dB to compensate for the voltage swing differences between
line levels and typical condenser microphone levels. This +18
dB digital gain is enabled with the same control bits (LMGE
and RMGE) as the +20 dB analog gain in the AD1848.
Digital-to-Analog Datapath
The ∑∆ DACs contain a programmable attenuator and a lowpass digital interpolation filter. The anti-imaging interpolation
filter oversamples by 64 and digitally filters the higher frequency
images. The attenuator allows independent control of each
DAC channel from 0 dB to –94.5 dB in 1.5 dB steps plus full
mute. The DACs’ ∑∆ noise shapers also oversample by 64 and
convert the signal to a single bit stream. The DAC outputs are
then filtered in the analog domain by a combination of switchedcapacitor and continuous-time filters. They remove the very
high frequency components of the DAC bitstream output. No
external components are required. Phase linearity at the analog
output is achieved by internally compensating for the group
delay variation of the analog output filters.
Changes in DAC output attenuation take effect only on zero
crossings, thereby eliminating “zipper” noise. Each channel has
its own independent zero-crossing detector and attenuator
change control circuitry. A timer guarantees that requested volume changes will occur even in the absence of an input signal
that changes sign. The time-out period is 8 milliseconds at a
48 kHz sampling rate and 48 milliseconds at an 8 kHz sampling
rate. (Time out [ms] ≈ 384/F
[kHz].)
S
Digital Mixing
Stereo digital output from the ADCs can be mixed digitally with
the input to the DACs. Digital output from the ADCs going out
of the data port is unaffected by the digital mix. Along the digital mix datapath, the 16-bit linear output from the ADCs is
attenuated by an amount specified with control bits. Both channels of the monitor data are attenuated by the same amount.
(Note that internally the AD1846 always works with 16-bit
PCM linear data, digital mixing included; format conversions
take place at the input and output.)
REV. A
–9–
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