Alesis ADAT-XT20 User Manual
ALESIS
ADAT XT20
Reference Manual
Introduction/Contents
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the Alesis ADAT-XT20 20-Bit Digital Audio Recorder. To
take full advantage of the XT20’s functions, and to enjoy long and trouble-free use,
please read this user’s manual carefully.
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
This manual is divided into the following sections describing the various modes of the
XT20. Though we recommend you take time to read through the entire manual once
carefully, those having general knowledge about multitrack recorders should use the
table of contents and index to reference specific functions while using the XT20.
Chapter 1: Introduction. Deals with the necessary preparation before recording and
playing, including connections to external devices. This chapter also discusses the
difference between “threaded” and “unthreaded” tapes.
Chapter 2: Your First Session with the ADAT-XT20. This section provides a brief tour
of the XT20, shows you how to format a tape, record and playback, set locate points,
auto punch-in and out, bounce tracks, and points out other various features.
Chapter 3: Connections. Details rear panel connections (like inputs and outputs,
footswitches and the ADAT Optical Digital Interface), and proper hook-up procedures.
Chapter 4: Basic Operations. Covers the user interface of the XT20 and the way to use
its basic control features, how to read the display, and how to navigate through and
edit parameters.
Chapter 5: Multiple ADAT Operation. How to lock together multiple ADAT
Compatible™ devices, and how to record and transfer digital audio between them.
Chapter 6: Applications. Describes several real-world examples of how the XT20 may
be used.
Appendices. Features an explanation of digital audio recording concepts, troubleshooting, maintenance and service information, specifications, a Glossary and an Index.
CONVENTIONS
All front panel buttons, LEDs, display icons and rear panel connectors are referred to in
this manual just as their names appear on the XT20, using all capital letters and in
brackets (Examples: [PLAY] button, [AUTO INPUT] button, EDIT icon, etc.).
✪
When something important appears in the manual, an icon (like the one on the left)
will appear in the left margin. This symbol indicates that this information is vital
when operating the XT20.
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 1
Introduction/Contents
2 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
CONTENTS
SETTING UP 7
Unpacking and Inspection 7
AC Power Hookup 7
Avoiding Ground Loops 8
Line Conditioners and Protectors 9
About Audio Cables 9
Basic Audio Hookup 10
Input Normaling 10
“Threaded” vs. “Unthreaded” 11
A Word on ADAT’s S-VHS Cassette Tape 11
Operating Environment 12
Thermal Considerations in Rack Mounting 12
Mounting on a Shelf or Non-Rack Enclosure 12
Avoiding Electromagnetic Interference 12
YOUR FIRST SESSION WITH THE ADAT-XT20 13
Power-up, and Tape Insertion 13
Formatting A Tape – A MUST! 15
Word Length (16/20 Bit) Selection 15
Sample Rate Selection 15
Formatting a New tape 15
Recording While Formatting 16
Making A Recording 17
Track Selection and Setting Levels 17
Time Counter 17
Transport Buttons 19
Recording 19
Playback 20
Reviewing and Cueing 20
Locating 22
Creating A Loop 23
Automated Recording 24
Rehearsing 24
Pitch Control 25
Track Delay 25
Track Copy 26
Display Brightness 26
CONNECTIONS 28
Analog Audio – Unbalanced Inputs 28
Input jack characteristics 28
Typical input jack hookups 28
Analog Audio – Unbalanced Outputs 28
Analog Audio – Balanced Inputs and Outputs 29
Analog Input Select Mode 30
Sync In/Out 31
Digital Audio In/Out 32
About 16-bit and 20-bit signal transfers 32
Footswitches 34
The XT20 Remote 34
BASIC OPERATIONS 35
Introduction/Contents
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 3
Introduction/Contents
Tape Formatting 35
Formatting Considerations 35
Complete Format 36
Recording While Formatting 37
Format Extend 37
Write Protect Override 39
Reading The Display 40
Display Icons 41
TIME Counter & ABS/REL Button 44
Locate 0 44
Basic Editing 46
EDIT Value Button 46
▲ and ▼ Buttons 46
Entering Numeric Values 46
Editing Individual Digits 46
Input Select 48
Analog Input 48
Digital Input 48
Track Copy 49
Input Monitor 50
Auto Input Monitor 50
All Input Monitor 50
Meters 52
Peak Mode Button 52
Peak Clear Button 52
Fine Meter Mode 52
Recording a “Benchmark” Tape 53
Record Enable 54
Setting Levels 54
Transport Controls 56
Eject 56
Rewind/Review 56
Fast Forward/Cue 56
Play 58
Record/Punch In or Out 58
Stop 59
Sample Rate (Clock) 59
Record Crossfade Time 60
Displaying Frames vs. 100ths/Seconds 60
Pitch Control 62
About Pitch Changing 62
Track Delay 63
Autolocation Controls 65
Absolute (ABS) Time vs. Relative Time65
Locate 0 65
Setting Locate Points 67
Locating 67
Auto Looping 68
Auto Return 68
Auto Play 68
Loop Limit 68
Looped Recording 68
Auto Record 69
Rehearsal 69
4 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Tape Length 70
Footswitch Controls 71
Footswitch Controlled Punching 71
Footswitch Controlled Autolocating 71
Using the XT20 LRC Remote 72
MULTIPLE ADAT-XT20 OPERATION 74
Overview 74
Synchronizing Machines 75
Master/Slave Interaction 75
Achieving Lock76
Independent Slave Mode 76
Formatting Multiple Tapes 76
Master Format Enabled, Complete Format 76
Master Format Enabled, Format Extend 76
Master Format Disabled 78
Master Format Disabled, Format Extend 78
Recording Digital Audio 79
Bouncing Tracks Between ADATs 79
Reassigning Channels to Different Tracks 80
Making Digital Backups 81
Making a 16-bit copy from a 20-bit master 82
Recording Digital Audio from Other Sources 83
Digital Clock Considerations 83
Tape Offset 85
Combining XT20s and ADATs 86
XT20 Transport Speed 86
Sample rate vs. Pitch Control 86
Input Monitoring 86
Polarity Differences 88
Connections 89
APPLICATIONS 91
Overview 91
Combined Multitrack/Mixdown Deck 91
Live/Long-Term Recording 92
Locking to Video: Code-Only Master 93
Computer Control 93
MIDI Systems: Virtual Tracking 93
MIDI Machine Control: Virtual Remote Control93
The ADAT-PCR Computer Interface 94
Libraries and Archives 94
Modular Recording 94
Using Track Copy as a Digital Router 95
Calculating Tape Offset using the Locates 95
DIGITAL RECORDING CONCEPTS 97
Analog Recording Basics 97
Digital Recording Basics 97
The Advantages of 20-Bit Recording 98
Why S-VHS? 98
TROUBLESHOOTING 99
Trouble-Shooting Index 99
Re-initializing 99
Checking Software Version 100
Error Rate Display 100
Introduction/Contents
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 5
Introduction/Contents
About Error Rate Readings 100
ADAT Head Life 100
ADAT Head Maintenance 101
Drum Time Display 102
Tape Maintenance: Safe Tape 102
Maintenance/Service 103
Cleaning 103
Maintenance 103
Obtaining Repair Service 103
ERROR CODES 105
Automatic Brake Calibration Procedure 107
Steps To Take Before Calling For Help 107
SPECIFICATIONS 110
GLOSSARY 112
INDEX 119
6 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
CHAPTER 1
SETTING UP
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
Your ADAT-XT20 was packed carefully at the factory. The shipping carton was
designed to protect the unit during shipping. Please retain this container in the
highly unlikely event that you need to return the XT20 for servicing.
The shipping carton should contain the following items:
• ADAT-XT20 with the same serial number as shown on shipping carton
• Power Cable
• Optical Cable
• XT20 remote control unit
• This instruction manual
• Blank S-VHS ST-120 cassette
• Alesis warranty card
Setting Up: Chapter 1
✪
It is important to register your purchase; if you have not already filled out your
warranty card and mailed it back to Alesis, please take the time to do so now.
AC POWER HOOKUP
With the XT20 off, plug the female end of the power cord into the XT20’s
[POWER INPUT] socket and the male (plug) end into a source of AC power. It’s
good practice to not turn on the XT20 until all other cables are hooked up.
The XT20 works with any AC voltage from 90 to 250 volts, 50 to 60 Hz. This
eliminates the need for transformers or voltage switches. Your XT20 was
supplied with the correct power cord for your country or local area, however
only the following alternative power cords are approved for use with ADAT:
• For 90-120 VAC 50/60 Hz operation in the US, Canada and/or Japan,
use Alesis UL/CSA power cord #7-41-0001.
• For 240 VAC 50 Hz operation in England, use Alesis Power cord #7-41-
0004.
• For 220 VAC 50 Hz operation in Europe and Scandinavia, use Alesis EU
power cord #7-41-0002.
• For 240 VAC 50 Hz operation in Australia, use Alesis AS power cord #741-0003.
The XT20’s IEC-spec AC cord (do not substitute any other AC cord) is designed to
feed an outlet that includes three pins, with the third, round pin connected to
ground. The ground connection is an important safety feature designed to keep
the chassis of electronic devices such as the Alesis ADAT - XT20, BRC and AI-1
at ground potential. Unfortunately, the presence of a third ground pin does not
always indicate that an outlet is properly grounded. Use an AC line tester to
determine this. If the outlet is not grounded, consult with a licensed electrician.
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 7
Chapter 1: Setting Up
When AC currents are suspect of being highly unstable in VAC and Hz, a
professional power conditioner should be used.
✪
Alesis cannot be responsible for problems caused by using the XT20 or any
associated equipment with improper AC wiring.
AVOIDING GROUND LOOPS
In today’s studio, where it seems every piece of gear has a computer in
it, there are many opportunities for ground loop problems to occur. These
show up as hums, buzzes, or sometimes radio reception and can occur if a
piece of equipment “sees” two or more different paths to ground, as
shown below.
shielded
cable
Device A
path 1
Device B
path 2
To AC power service
One path goes from device A to ground via the ground terminal of the
three-conductor AC power cord, but A also sees a path to ground through
the shielded cable and AC ground of device B. Because ground wires
have a small amount of resistance, small amounts of current can flow
through ground and generate a voltage along the cable shield. This
signal may end up getting induced into the hot conductor.
The loop can also act like an antenna into which hum is induced, or can
even pick up radio frequencies. Furthermore, many components in a
circuit connect to ground. If that ground is “dirty” and contains noise, it
might get picked up by the circuit. Ground loops cause the most problems with high-gain circuits, since massive amplification of even a
couple millivolts of noise can give an audible signal.
Most ground loop problems can be solved by plugging all equipment into
the same grounded AC source. However, it is important to make sure
that the AC source is not overloaded and is properly rated to handle
the gear plugged into it.
For really tough cases, you may need to break the connection that causes
the loop condition. If your circuits are balanced, one way to do this is to
simply break the shield of the shielded audio cable at some point,
usually by disconnecting it from ground at one jack. (The other end
8 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Setting Up: Chapter 1
should remain connected so that the shielding properties are retained,
even if there is no direct path for ground.)
Please note that not all hums and buzzes are caused by ground loops;
your cables must be of very high quality, particularly with -10 dBV setups. Refer to page 9 for more information.
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 9
Chapter 1: Setting Up
LINE CONDITIONERS AND PROTECTORS
Although the XT20 is designed to tolerate typical voltage variations,
in today’s world the voltage coming from the AC line may contain
spikes or transients that can possibly stress your gear and, over time,
cause a failure. There are three main ways to protect against this,
listed in ascending order of cost and complexity:
• Line spike/surge protectors. Relatively inexpensive, these are
designed to protect against strong surges and spikes, acting somewhat
like fuses in that they need to be replaced if they’ve been hit by an
extremely strong spike.
• Line filters. These generally combine spike/surge protection
with filters that remove some line noise (dimmer hash, transients from
other appliances, etc.).
• Uninterruptible power supply (UPS). This is the most
sophisticated option. A UPS provides power even if the AC power line
fails completely. Intended for computer applications, a UPS allows you
to complete an orderly shutdown of a computer system in the event of a
power outage, and the isolation it provides from the power line
minimizes all forms of interference—spikes, noise, etc.
ABOUT AUDIO CABLES
The connections between the XT20 and your studio are your music’s lifeline, so
use only high quality cables. These should be low-capacitance shielded cables
with a stranded (not solid) internal conductor and a low-resistance shield.
Although quality cables cost more, they do make a difference. Route cables to
the XT20 correctly by observing the following precautions:
• Do not bundle audio cables with AC power cords.
• Avoid running audio cables near sources of electromagnetic interference
such as transformers, monitors, computers, etc.
• Do not place cables where they can be stepped on. Stepping on a cable
may not cause immediate damage, but it can compress the insulation between
the center conductor and shield (degrading performance) or reduce the cable’s
reliability.
• Avoid twisting the cable or having it make sharp, right angle turns.
• Never unplug a cable by pulling on the wire itself. Always unplug by
firmly grasping the body of the plug and pulling directly outward.
• Although Alesis does not endorse any specific product, chemicals such
as Tweek and Cramolin, when applied to electrical connectors, are claimed to
improve the electrical contact between connectors.
10 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Setting Up: Chapter 1
BASIC AUDIO HOOKUP
✪
When connecting audio cables and/or turning power on and off, make sure that
all devices in your system are turned off and the volume controls are turned
down.
The XT20 provides eight -10dBV unbalanced analog outputs via phono
connectors. These should be connected to your mixer’s tape or line inputs.
Alternatively, a multi-pin connector can be used with the XT20’s +4dBu
balanced analog inputs and outputs (see Chapter 3).
Mixer Inputs Bus Outputs
INPUT NORMALING
The XT20 has eight analog inputs, but you can choose between three
different Input Modes: 2-Input Mode, 4-Input Mode and 8-Input Mode.
These can provide three different analog audio input hookup options,
and are available for both -10 dBV and +4dBu analog inputs:
• 2 Bus Mixer. Connect the mixer’s two bus outputs to the XT20’s
INPUTS [1] and [2]. Select 2-Input Mode on the XT20 by holding the
[ANALOG INPUT] button and pressing either Track Select buttons [1]
or [2]; notice that the INPUT LEDs for tracks 1 and 2 remain lit until
you release the [ANALOG INPUT] button.
• 4 Bus Mixer. Connect the mixer’s four bus outputs to the XT20’s
INPUTS [1] through [4]. Select 4-Input Mode by holding the [ANALOG
INPUT] button and pressing either Track Select buttons [3] or [4]; notice
that the INPUT LEDs for tracks 1 through 4 remain lit until you release
the [ANALOG INPUT] button.
• 8 Bus Mixer/Direct Outputs. Connect the mixer’s eight bus
outputs (or 8 direct outputs) to the XT20’s INPUTS [1] through [8].
Select 8-Input Mode by holding the [ANALOG INPUT] button and
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 11
Chapter 1: Setting Up
“THREADED” VS. “UNTHREADED”
The XT20 uses a rotating head drum which allows it to record and play back
digital audio signals from the tape. Even when the tape is stopped, it remains
“threaded” or engaged against the spinning heads for a period of time. This
allows for going into play or record faster, as well as “cue” and “review”
functions that let you monitor the tape audio in fast forward or rewind.
When the tape is unthreaded (the [STOP] LED will be flashing), the head is
not spinning and it takes slightly longer to go into play or record. This is because
the tape moves away from the head automatically after being stopped for 4
minutes, in order to prolong tape and head life. When a tape is threaded,
rewinding or fast forwarding will operate 40 times faster than normal play
speed. Cue and review functions are not possible while the tape is unthreaded.
pressing any Track Select button from [5] - [8]; notice that the INPUT
LEDs for tracks 1 through 8 remain lit until you release the [ANALOG
INPUT] button.
In the first two modes, the XT20 internally connects the inputs to the
higher tracks (for example, Input 1 goes to tracks 1, 3, 5 and 7 in 2-Input
mode).
When the tape is threaded and stopped (the [STOP] LED will remain lit), you
can manually unthread it by pressing the [STOP] button. The [STOP] LED will
flash, indicating the tape is now unthreaded. Pressing either [PLAY] or [STOP]
will re-thread the tape (or by simultaneously pressing [PLAY] and [RECORD]
to engage recording).
If the tape is threaded, and no transport activity (play, record, rewind, etc.)
occurs for 4 minutes, the tape will automatically unthread itself to minimize
tape wear.
A WORD ON ADAT’S S-VHS CASSETTE
TAPE
Alesis recommends you use only premium quality, name brand S-VHS cassettes.
We cannot overemphasize the importance of this. We recommend using
Quantegy 489 DM Digital Mastering Audio Tape , or Alesis ADAT Mastering
Audio Cassettes . Other acceptable brands include Maxell XR-S Black , JVC XZ ,
Sony DASV , BASF Digital Master 938 , Apogee AA-40 , HHB ADAT45 , and
TDK SP Super Pro . The cassette shell, hubs, rollers and tape guides in S-VHS
cassettes are precision devices that properly handle and protect the tape
within them.
✪
Do not use inexpensive, budget VHS tapes. ONLY USE S-VHS TAPES.
We do not recommend that you use inexpensive, budget VHS cassettes. While
they may work technically, their unpredictable quality and less-thanpremium formulation will decrease the reliability of your recording. Inferior
tapes not only jeopardize the recordings made on them, they may shed oxide
12 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Setting Up: Chapter 1
and leave behind a coating of dirt that will interfere with future recordings,
even if you switch back to premium quality tape. Defective tape may even clog
the head, requiring service. Don’t trust your work to anything less than
premium quality S-VHS tape.
Accidents can happen – so, like computer floppy disks and hard disks, your
XT20 tapes should be backed up to prevent loss. Back up your tapes to another
XT20 or ADAT using the fiber optic digital connector (see Making Digital
Backups on page 81).
Treat your tapes as the precision, fragile components that they are. Do not
expose them to extremes of heat, cold, or humidity (in other words, don’t leave
them in your car). Never place tapes near magnetic fields (such as power amps,
TVs, monitors, magnets, etc.) and handle tapes gently.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
T
HERMAL CONSIDERATIONS IN RACK MOUNTING
The XT20 can be mounted in an equipment rack (taking up 3 rack spaces)
or placed on a table or shelf. When you install it, keep in mind that
heat is the major enemy of electronic equipment. Please observe the
following:
• The XT20 is designed to perform properly over a range of ambient temperatures from 10° C to +40° C (50° F to 104° F), in up to 80% noncondensing humidity. These are not absolute limits, but Alesis cannot
guarantee that the XT20 will meet its published specs or remain
reliable if operated outside of these ranges.
• Always allow adequate ventilation behind the XT20 . Do not
seal any enclosure that holds the XT20 . It is not necessary to leave an
empty rack space above or below the XT20 unless it runs hot enough to
affect equipment above or below it. If your environment is unusually
warm and not air conditioned, space between units will help the units
run cooler and may lessen tape oxide shedding.
• You will need to remove the screw-on feet from the bottom of
the XT20 if any equipment will be mounted directly below it.
MOUNTING ON A SHELF OR NON-RACK ENCLOSURE
To mount the XT20 on a shelf or other flat surface, Alesis recommends
using the attached screw-on feet to avoid scratching the shelf’s surface
with the deck’s bottom.
Please observe the general comments on thermal considerations given
under “Thermal Considerations in Rack Mounting” no matter where or
how the deck is mounted.
AVOIDING ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
Like all tape machines, the XT20 uses magnetic tape that can be
sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Generally this is not a
problem, but avoid mounting the XT20 next to devices that generate
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 13
Chapter 1: Setting Up
strong magnetic fields such as power amplifiers, monitors and video
display devices, speakers, etc.
14 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2
YOUR FIRST SESSION
WITH THE ADATXT20
POWER-UP, AND TAPE INSERTION
Connect the power cord which accompanies the XT20 between the three-prong
power socket on the back panel and an AC outlet receptacle. Please note that
there are grounding considerations to be aware of. See pages 7–9 for more
information.
✪
The XT20 can produce a transient audio signal during power up and power down.
When turning the XT20 on or off, be sure to keep monitor levels low.
Turn the XT20’s power on by pressing the [POWER] button. At power-up the
display will briefly look like this:
20bit
In a few seconds, the display will change depending on the status of the tape
chamber.
• If a formatted tape is present, the TIME counter will show the elapsed
time since the beginning of the tape (unless it is somewhere in the first two
minutes of tape, called the “lead” and “data” sections):
ABS
0H 15M 48S 21
• If an unformatted tape is present, the FORMAT icon will flash and the
TIME counter will read:
ABS
n0 F0
• If there is no tape, the display shows:
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 15
Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
ABS
-- -- -- --
Insert the tape with the hinged door end first, label side up, until you encounter
a slight bit of resistance. Push gently on the center of the tape cassette until the
XT20 draws the tape inward; never force the tape into the cassette door.
16 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
FORMATTING A TAPE – A MUST!
Formatting prepares a tape for 8 channels of audio, and adds a master timecode
reference, word length, and sample rate information to the data on tape.
Similar to formatting a floppy disk to use on a computer or sampler, formatting
an XT20 tape time-stamps the tape to single-sample accuracy so that audio is
referenced to an accurate time base. This makes the synchronization process
between XT20 and ADAT compatible machines possible and provides both
accurate tape counter readings and intelligent autolocation functions. For more
information, see Tape Formatting in Chapter 4. After completing the following
exercise, we recommend you perform a complete format.
✪
Formatting a tape erases audio on all eight tracks. Be sure to check that the
tape is either blank or contains unwanted material before formatting. We
recommend that you format your tapes completely from beginning to end.
WORD LENGTH (16/20 BIT ) SELECTION
Before formatting, select the word length you will be using (either 16bit or 20-bit) by pressing the FORMAT button until the length you want
is shown in the display. 20-bit offers the greatest audio quality; 16-bit
should be used if the master tape must be played in an older, Type-Ionly ADAT or ADAT-XT. (You can always make a 16-bit copy of a 20bit master if needed for this purpose.)
SAMPLE RATE SELECTION
Before formatting, select the sample rate you will be using (either 48
kHz or 44.1 kHz). This is done by pressing the [CLOCK SELECT]
button. Each time [CLOCK SELECT] is pressed, the XT20 will cycle
between INT 48K, INT 44.1K and DIG (the section on the right side
of the display labeled CLOCK will indicate the currently selected
sample rate). Note: For more information about the DIG option
(Digital Audio Clock), see page 59.
FORMATTING A NEW TAPE
To Format a new tape:
❿ Insert a fresh, blank tape.
The XT20 will acknowledge that this is an unformatted tape; the
FORMAT icon will flash in the display while the counter display
reads “noFO.”
❡ Press the [FORMAT] button.
The display will briefly read “20 bit” or “16 bit” The word [FORMAT]
in the display will stop flashing and remain lit. The [RECORD] LEDs
for tracks 1 through 8 will now be flashing.
① Hold [RECORD], and then press [PLAY].
If the tape was not completely rewound, the XT20 will automatically
rewind it to the beginning. The XT20 then performs a complete format
by recording 15 seconds of leader (the LED display will read “LEAd”),
followed by two minutes of data (the display will read “dAtA”), then
timecode starting at 0:00:00.00 and continuing to the end of the tape.
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 17
Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
RECORDING WHILE FORMATTING
You can record onto tape while formatting. Simply press any of the
RECORD ENABLE buttons [1]–[8] for any track(s) you wish to record on
before pressing the [FORMAT] button. Prepare your source material to
start playback at 0:00:00.00 on the XT20 or later (do not begin recording
before 0:00:00.00). See the next section for more information on setting
levels and recording.
18 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
MAKING A RECORDING
Recording on the XT20 is very similar to most multitrack tape machines. The
process involves formatting a tape (see previous tutorial), putting one or more
tracks into record-ready, adjusting record levels on your mixer, setting the input
monitor mode, locating to the start tape address and engaging record. In this
tutorial, we will be recording from the analog audio inputs at the start of the
audio portion of the tape (0:00:00.00).
TRACK SELECTION AND SETTING LEVELS
You’ll find the RECORD ENABLE buttons ([1]–[8]) for all eight tracks
on the left side of the front panel, beneath the display. A track is
considered “safe” when its [REC] LED is off, in “record-ready” when its
[REC] LED is flashing, and in record when its [REC] LED is lit solid.
To record-enable a track:
❿ Choose a track to record on, and press the track’s associated
RECORD ENABLE button [1]–[8]. The selected track’s [REC] LED will
flash to indicate it is in record-ready.
❡ Send an audio signal to the track(s) you have placed into
record-ready.
Adjust the levels on your mixer so that the “average” level is at -15 dB
on the peak meters of the XT20 and the loudest section never goes
beyond 0 dB. Digital audio recording is different from analog recording,
and therefore requires a different method when setting levels. For more
information, see Setting Levels on page 48.
① To take a track out of record-ready (safe), press its associated
RECORD ENABLE button again. The selected track’s [REC] LED will
turn off to indicate it is safe.
TIME COUNTER
Before recording, you should familiarize yourself with the transport
buttons, and the 7-segment TIME counter in the top left corner of the
display. Ordinarily, the TIME counter will show Absolute (ABS) time,
which is the exact time reference being read directly off of the
formatted tape. The tape position is displayed as hours:minutes:
seconds.hundredths-of-a-second. (This counter may be changed to show
30 frames per second, see page 60 for more information.)
ABS
0H 15M 48S 21
Pressing the [ABS/REL] button will toggle the display between ABS
Time and Relative Time. The display will either indicate ABS or REL
to the left of the TIME counter.
REL
0H 01M 29S 03
Relative Time reflects the current tape position relative to where you
set the Relative 0:00:00.00 position. This is similar to resetting the
tape counter on a cassette deck. However, the XT20 gives you the option
of reading the actual tape position (ABS Time) or the tape position
relative to the location you marked as 0:00:00.00 (Relative Time).
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 19
Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
✪
Before you start recording for the first time, be sure the TIME counter is
set to ABS Time to avoid confusion. For more information, see page 41.
20 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
TRANSPORT BUTTONS
During recording and playback, the following transport buttons are used
frequently. Get familiar with them by using them while watching the
TIME counter.
REWIND High speed reverse. Press with [PLAY] to initiate review mode.
FAST FWD High speed forward. Press with [PLAY] to initiate cue mode.
STOP
PLAY
RECORD Press with [PLAY] to initiate recording.
Stops transport and disables recording.
While the transport is stopped, this button toggles between
threaded (LED is lit) and unthreaded modes (LED is flashing).
Starts playback. Initiates recording when pressed with
[RECORD].
Stops recording when in record mode while continuing to play.
Press with [FAST FWD] to initiate Cue mode.
Press with [REWIND] to initiate Review mode.
RECORDING
Recording takes place only on tracks that are in record-ready. When
you start recording, the [RECORD] LED lights, and the [REC] LEDs for
those tracks in record-ready will stop flashing and remain lit. If no
tracks are in record-ready when recording takes place, the [RECORD]
LED will flash to indicate that pressing any of the RECORD ENABLE
buttons will initiate recording on the selected track.
To make a recording:
❿ Use the [REWIND] or [FAST FWD] button to locate to the
desired tape position
Either the [REWIND] or [FAST FWD] LED will light (depending on
which button was pressed), indicating that the transport is moving in
that direction. The TIME counter will indicate the current tape location
status while the transport is in motion.
❡ When you’ve arrived at the desired tape address, press the
[STOP] button.
The [STOP] LED lights.
① Hold [PLAY], and then press [RECORD].
Both the [PLAY] and [RECORD] LEDs will light to indicate you are
recording.
➃ To go in and out of record on the individual tracks while record
mode is engaged, press any of the RECORD ENABLE buttons [1] – [8].
Record-enabled tracks will have their REC LED lit. If no tracks are
record-enabled during recording, the [RECORD] LED will flash.
➄ To punch out without stopping, press [PLAY].
The [RECORD] LED turns off, while the [PLAY] LED remains lit.
➅ To punch out and stop the transport, press [STOP]
The [RECORD] and [PLAY] LEDs turn off; the [STOP] LED lights.
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Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
Note: When recording for the first time, be sure the Auto Input function
is off. When recording over previous material (also known as punching),
turn the Auto Input function on. Use the [AUTO INPUT] button to turn
Auto Input on and off. The AUTO INPUT icon will light in the display
when Auto Input is on.
PLAYBACK
There are several ways to quickly play back your recording. You’ll use
the transport buttons first.
To play back a recording:
❿ Press [REWIND] to locate back to a tape position before you
engaged recording.
The [REWIND] LED will light and the TIME counter will roll
backward to indicate the current tape location status while the
transport is in motion.
❡ Once you have arrived at the desired tape address, press the
[STOP] button.
The [REWIND] LED will turn off and the [STOP] LED will light.
① Press [PLAY].
The [PLAY] LED will flash briefly, and then will light to indicate
play mode has been engaged.
➃ Press [STOP] to stop playback.
The [PLAY] LED will turn off and the [STOP] LED will light.
REVIEWING AND CUEING
When you are trying to locate a particular section of a recording, it is
often helpful to use the review and cue modes on the XT20. Review
mode lets you play the tape in reverse at a speed 3 times faster than
play while hearing “fragments” of audio. Cue mode, on the other hand,
plays forward at a speed 3 times faster than Play mode while also
letting you hear “chunks” of audio. By listening to the audio in either
mode, you can quickly find the section you are looking for.
To engage Review mode:
❿ Simultaneously press [REWIND] and [PLAY].
The [PLAY] LED will light and the [REWIND] LED will flash.
❡ Press [PLAY] to resume Play mode.
The [PLAY] LED will remain lit while the [REWIND] LED will turn
off.
① Alternatively, you can press [STOP] to stop the transport.
Both the [PLAY] and [REWIND] LEDs will turn off, and the [STOP]
LED will turn on.
To engage Cue mode:
❿ Simultaneously press [FAST FWD] and [PLAY].
The [PLAY] LED will light and the [FAST FWD] LED will flash.
❡ Press [PLAY] to resume Play mode.
The [PLAY] LED will remain lit while the [FAST FWD] LED will turn
off.
① Alternatively, you can press [STOP] to stop the transport.
22 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
Both the [PLAY] and [FAST FWD] LEDs will turn off, and the [STOP]
LED will turn on.
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Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
LOCATING
Up to 10 tape positions can be stored for easy recall. These are called Locate
Points, and can be stored either “on the fly” while the transport is engaged, or
when the transport is stopped. Once a Locate Point is stored, its corresponding
tape position can be edited. For more info about locating and editing Locate
Points, see pages 55-6.
✪
Each Locate Points’ tape position will be shown in either ABS Time or Relative
Time, depending on which is selected. The tape positions themselves, however,
do not move when switching between these modes.
To store locate points “on the fly”:
❿ Press [PLAY], [FAST FWD] or [REWIND] to set the tape transport in
motion.
❡ Press or hold [SET LOCATE].
The LOCATE icon will appear in the display immediately followed by a
flashing dash (–).
① While holding [SET LOCATE] (or within two seconds after releasing
[SET LOCATE]), press one of the [LOCATE 1] through [LOCATE 9] buttons.
The current tape position is transferred into the selected Locate Point.
To edit locate points:
❿ Press the [EDIT VALUE]button.
The EDIT icon will appear in the display along with one of three icons
appearing below it: LOCATE, TAPE OFFSET or TRACK DELAY.
❡ Use [LOCATE 0] through [LOCATE 9] buttons to select a Locate Point
Memory.
The LOCATE icon will appear (if not already present) and a number from 0 to 9
will appear to its right to reflect the button you have pressed.
① Hold [EDIT VALUE] and use the [LOCATE 0] – [LOCATE 9] buttons
as a numeric key-pad (0-9) to enter the tape position you wish to set for the
selected Locate Point.
Enter the tape position from left to right. Example: To enter 0:05:00.00, you
would hold [EDIT VALUE] and type [LOCATE 5], [LOCATE 0], [LOCATE
0], [LOCATE 0], [LOCATE 0].
➃ Use the [▲] and [▼] buttons to fine adjust the Locate Point address as
desired.
To recall a locate point:
❿ Press one of the [LOCATE 1] through [LOCATE 9] buttons.
Either fast forward or rewind will engage, as indicated by either button’s LED.
When the locate function is complete, the transport will stop, and the [STOP]
LED will light. If you wish the transport to automatically go into play after
the locate function is complete, turn on Auto Play (see next section).
24 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
To set the Relative 0:00:00.00 position (Locate 0):
❿ Press [PLAY], [FAST FWD] or [REWIND] as required to move the tape
to the position you wish to regard as “0:00:00.00” (Relative Time).
Remember, ABS Time is the timecode being read from tape. Setting the Locate 0
position is always done in Relative Time.
❡ Press [SET LOCATE], immediately followed by pressing [LOCATE 0].
The current tape position is stored into Locate 0, and the TIME counter will
display :
REL 0H 00M 00S 00
CREATING A LOOP
The Auto Return function causes the XT20 to automatically rewind back to a
specified tape position (Locate 1) when playback or recording has reached a
specified position (Locate 4). Both Locates 1 and 4 are assignable to any tape
position using the methods described in the previous section.
The Auto Play function is used to automatically engage playback whenever a
locate function is completed. By using both the Auto Return and Auto Play
functions, a loop can be created whereby the same region of tape is repeatedly
played back. For more information on related functions, see the section entitled
Autolocation Controls in Chapter 4.
To loop a section of tape:
❿ Store the tape position where you want the loop to begin into [LOCATE
1].
Refer to the previous section for instructions.
❡ Store the tape position where you want the loop to end into [LOCATE
4].
① Press [AUTO RETURN] to enable Auto Return.
In the right side of the display, the AUTO-RETURN icon will appear
indicating that Auto Return is enabled. The XT20 will now automatically
rewind back to the tape position stored in Locate 1 upon reaching the tape
position stored in Locate 4.
➃ Press [AUTO PLAY] to enable Auto Play.
In the right side of the display, the AUTO-PLAY icon will appear indicating
that Auto Play is enabled. The XT20 will now automatically engage playback
upon completing a locate.
➄ If necessary, press [REWIND] to rewind the tape to a location that is
before Locate 4’s position.
➅ Alternatively, you can press [LOCATE 1] to locate directly to its
stored tape position.
➆ Press [PLAY] to engage playback.
The [PLAY] LED will light and the transport will go into Play mode. When
Locate 4’s position is reached, the tape will automatically rewind back to
Locate 1’s position and then automatically go back into Play mode.
✪
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 25
Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
If the current Locate 1 position is set beyond the current Locate 4 position and
Auto Return is turned on, the AUTO-RTN icon in the display will flash to
indicate that Locate 1 or 4 will have to be set properly before this function will
operate.
26 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
AUTOMATED RECORDING
So far, all of your recording has been done manually — you pressed the
transport buttons when you wanted to start and stop recording. Auto recording
stops and starts recording automatically at predetermined times. This is useful
when you want to precisely punch in to a specific place on one or more tracks.
In this section, we will be storing the punch points (called Punch In and Punch
Out) “on the fly” while playback is engaged. You can, however, manually
modify the precise Punch In and Out points. Auto Return and Auto Play
(described in the previous section) help make Auto Recording more functional.
For more information, see page 58.
To automatically punch in and out:
❿ Store the tape position where you want to begin recording into
[LOCATE 2].
Refer to page 67 for instructions.
❡ Store the tape position where you want to end recording into [LOCATE
3].
① Press [AUTO RECORD] to enable Auto Record.
In the right side of the display, the AUTO-REC icon will appear indicating
that Auto Record is enabled. Note: If Locate 2’s position is past Locate 3’s
position, the TIME counter will temporarily read “invALid”.
➃ Press [REWIND] to rewind the tape before Locate 2’s position.
➄ Record enable the track(s) you wish to record on.
The selected tracks’ [REC] LEDs flashes.
➅ Simultaneously press [PLAY] and [RECORD].
The [PLAY] LED lights, the [RECORD] LED flashes and the transport will
engage Play mode. When Locate 2’s position is reached, the XT20 will
automatically punch-in ([PLAY], [RECORD] and track [REC] LED(s) stop
flashing and remain lit). Recording will continue until Locate 3’s position is
reached, at which point the XT20 will automatically punch-out, returning to
play mode ([PLAY] LED lit, [RECORD] LED off, track [REC] LEDs flashing).
➆ Press [STOP] to stop the transport.
✪
If none of the tracks are in record-ready (all eight [REC] LEDs off) when the
punch-in point is reached, the [RECORD] LED will continue flashing instead
of lighting solid.
✪
If a record is initiated past Locate 2’s position, but before Locate 3’s position,
then record is entered immediately. If the record is initiated after Locate 3’s
position, then the record command is ignored and the transport is left in play
mode.
REHEARSING
By pressing the [REHEARSE] button (the REHEARSE icon will light in
the display), you can run through the Auto-Record process without
actually recording anything. However, the input monitors on the tracks
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 27
Chapter 2: Your First Session With The ADAT XT20
that enabled for recording will switch from tape to input when the
punch-in occurs, and back to tape when the punch-out occurs (this
requires that the AUTO INPUT function be turned on). The [RECORD]
LED will continue flashing throughout the punch in and out. This way
you can try out your punch locations first without recording over
anything. In other words, you can measure twice (or more), and cut only
once!
28 ADAT XT20 Reference Manual
Your First Session With The ADAT XT20: Chapter 2
PITCH CONTROL
The Pitch function controls the speed of the tape, and thus the pitch of the
audio recorded on tape. The XT20’s Pitch control has a range of -300 to +100
cents when using a sample rate of 48kHz, and a range of -200 to +200 cents when
using 44.1kHz. Use the PITCH [▲] and [▼] buttons to control the amount of
pitch change. When either button is pressed once, the PITCH icon lights in the
display, and the TIME counter immediately displays the current amount of
Pitch change. The Pitch amount is displayed both as a percentage (%) and as
cents.
ABS
To set the Pitch amount:
00
(Percentage) / (Cents)
00% 00. 00
.
C
❿ Press and hold either PITCH [▲] or [▼].
After holding for more than two seconds, the Pitch amount will start either
increasing or decreasing, depending on which button was pressed.
TRACK DELAY
The XT20 allows you to delay the playback of any track in relation to the other
tracks (and the TIME counter) by a maximum of 170 milliseconds. This can be
very useful when some tracks are slightly “off”, or when you need to move a
particular instrument to get it “in the pocket”, or when you just want to create an
interesting effect (like copying a track and delaying the copy).
To delay a track:
❿ Press [EDIT VALUE].
The EDIT icon will light in the display.
❡ Press [TRACK DELAY].
The TRACK DELAY icon will light, just below the EDIT icon.
① Choose a track to edit by pressing one of the RECORD ENABLE buttons
[1]–[8].
A number will appear to the left of the EDIT icon representing the track you
are editing.
➃ Use the [▲] and [▼] buttons to adjust the delay amount in .1 ms
increments.
➄ Hold the [EDIT VALUE] button and enter a specific delay value using
the [LOCATE 0] thought [LOCATE 9] buttons.
The TIME counter will display the selected track’s delay amount.
1 70. 0 mS
Simultaneously, the peak meter for the selected track will rise to indicate the
amount of track delay you have selected.
➅ Repeat steps 3 and 4 for any other tracks you wish to delay.
➆ Press [EDIT VALUE] to exit Edit mode.
The EDIT icon will turn off.
♠ Press [TRACK DELAY] to enable the Track Delay feature.
The TRACK DELAY icon will light, indicating that track delays are now in
effect.
ADAT XT20 Reference Manual 29
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