Agilent Technologies N9010A User Manual

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Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzer

This manual provides documentation for the following X-Series Analyzer: EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A

N9010A EXA Specifications Guide

(Comprehensive Reference Data)

Notices

in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Trademark Acknowledgements

Microsoft® is a U.S. registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Windows U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Adobe Reader trademark of Adobe System Incorporated.

Java™ is a U.S. trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

MATLAB® is a U.S. registered trademark of Math Works, Inc.

Norton Ghost™ is a U.S. trademark of Symantec Corporation.

and MS Windows® are

is a U.S. registered

Manual Part Number

N9010-90025

Supersedes: August 2009

Print Date

February 2010

Printed in USA Agilent Technologies, Inc.

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

Restricted Rights Legend

If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and

licensed as “Commercial computer software” as defined in DF AR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commercial item” as defined in F AR 2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer software” as defined in FAR

52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR

52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.22714 (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

CAUTION

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Notice

Warranty

This Agilent technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent T echnologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However , Bu yer shall pay all shipping char ges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URLs:

http://www.agilent.com/find/exa

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Agilent Email Updates:

http://www.agilent.com/find/emailupdates

Information on preventing analyzer damage can be found at:

http://www.agilent.com/find/tips

Contents

1. Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Standard Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Precision Frequency Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Frequency Readout Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Frequency Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Frequency Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Sweep Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Gated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Number of Frequency Display Trace Points (buckets). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Video Bandwidth (VBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Amplitude Accuracy and Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Maximum Safe Input Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Display Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Marker Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

RF Input VSWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Nominal VSWR [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Reference Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Display Scale Fidelity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Available Detectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Gain Compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Displayed Average Noise Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Spurious Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Second Harmonic Distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Nominal Dynamic Range Bands 1-4 [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Phase Noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Contents

Power Suite Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Fast ACPR Test [Plot]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Burst Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Regulatory Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2. Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

IF Spurious Response, 25 MHz IF Bandwidth (Option B25). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

IF Frequency Response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

IF Phase Linearity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

3. Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Specifications Affected by Electronic Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Range (Frequency and Attenuation). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Distortions and Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Electronic Attenuator Switching Uncertainty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4. Option P03 - Preamplifier

Specifications Affected by Preamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Other Preamp Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Preamp (Option P03) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Noise figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

1 dB Gain Compression Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) − Preamp On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Frequency Response − Preamp On

(Option P03) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Nominal VSWR − Preamp On (Plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Third Order

Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz, Preamp On (Plot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Contents

5. Option PFR - Precision Frequency Reference

Specifications Affected by Precision Frequency Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

6. I/Q Analyzer

Specifications Affected by I/Q Analyzer:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Clipping-to-Noise Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Time Record Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

ADC Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

7. Phase Noise Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Maximum Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Measurement Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Amplitude Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Offset Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

8. 802.16 OFDMA Measurement Application

Measurement Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Modulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

9. W-CDMA Measurement Application

Conformance with 3GPP TS 25.141 Base Station Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Code Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

QPSK EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

10. GSM/EDGE Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

EDGE Error Vector Magnitude

Contents

(EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Power vs. Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

EDGE Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Power Ramp Relative Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Phase and Frequency Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Output RF Spectrum (ORFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

EDGE Output RF Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

In-Band Frequency Ranges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11. Analog Demodulation Measurement Application

Analog Demodulation Performance – Pre-Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Maximum Safe Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Carrier Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Demodulation Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Capture Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Analog Demodulation Performance – Post-Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Maximum Audio Frequency Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Frequency Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

FM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

FM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Frequency Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Residual FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Amplitude Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

AM Depth Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

AM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Amplitude Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

FM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Residual AM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Phase Modulation - Level and Carrier Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

PM Deviation Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

PM Rate Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Carrier Frequency Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Carrier Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Phase Modulation - Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Absolute Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Contents

AM Rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Residual PM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Measurement Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

12. Noise Figure Measurement Application

General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Noise Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Noise Figure Uncertainty Calculator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Nominal Instrument Noise Figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Nominal Instrument Input VSWR, DC Coupled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

13. cdma2000 Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Code Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

QPSK EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

In-Band Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

14. 1xEV-DO Measurement Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Spectrum Emission Mask and Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

QPSK EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Code Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Modulation Accuracy (Composite Rho). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

In-Band Frequency Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Alternative Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

15. TD-SCDMA Measurement

Application

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Power vs. Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Adjacent Channel Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Single Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Contents

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Code Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Modulation Accuracy (Composite EVM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

16. LTE Measurement Application

Supported Air Interface Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Power vs. Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Occupied Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Spurious Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Modulation Analysis Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

In-Band Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

17. Single Acquisition Combined Fixed WiMAX Measurement Application

N9074A-XFP, Single Acquisition Combined Fixed WiMAX Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

18. Single Acquisition Combined WLAN Measurement Application

N9077A, Combined WLAN 802.11a or 802.11g-OFDM Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

64QAM EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

N9077A, Combined WLAN 802.11b or 802.11g-DSSS Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Transmit Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

CCK 11 Mbps (DSSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

19. iDEN/WiDEN/MotoTalk Measurement Application

Frequency and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Amplitude Accuracy and Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Dynamic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Application Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Parameter Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

iDEN Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

iDEN Signal Demod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

MotoTalk Signal Demod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Contents

20. DVB-T/H Measurement Application

N6153A, DVB-T/H Measurements Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Spurious Emission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

64 QAM EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

21. ISDB-T Measurement Application

N6155A, ISDB-T/TSB Measurement Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Modulation Analysis Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Modulation Analysis Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

ISDB-T Modulation Analysis Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

22. DTMB Measurement Application

N6156A, DTMB Measurement Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

16 QAM EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

16 QAM EVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

23. CMMB Measurement Application

N6158A, CMMB Measurements Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Channel Power with Shoulder Attenuation View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Power Statistics CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Adjacent Channel Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Spectrum Emission Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Modulation Analysis Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Modulation Analysis Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

CMMB Modulation Analysis Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

24. VXA Measurement Application

Basic VSA-Lite Performance (89601X Option 205) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Center Frequency Tuning Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Frequency Span. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Contents

Frequency Points per Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

ADC overload. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Amplitude Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Amplitude Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

IF Flatness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Dynamic Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Third-order intermodulation distortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Noise Density at 1 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Residual Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Image Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

LO related spurious. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Other spurious. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Analog Modulation Analysis (89601X Option 205) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

AM Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

PM Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

FM Demodulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Vector Modulation Analysis (89601X Option AYA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Video Modulation Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

25. Option EMC Precompliance Measurements

Requirements for X-Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

EMI Resolution Bandwidths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Amplitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

EMI Average Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Quasi-Peak Detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

RMS Average Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

1 Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

This chapter contains the specifications for the core signal analyzer. The specifications and characteristics for the measurement applications and options are covered in the chapters that follow.

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements

This book contains signal analyzer specifications and supplemental information. The distinctio n amon g specifications, typical performance, and nominal values are described as follows.

Definitions

• Specifications describe the performance of parameters covered by the product warranty (temperature

= 5 to 50°C, unless otherwise noted).

• 95th percentile values indicate the breadth of the population (≈2σ) of performance tolerances

expected to be met in 95% of the cases with a 95% confidence, for any ambient temperature in the range of 20 to 30°C. In addition to the statistical observations of a sample of instruments, these values include the effects of the uncertainties of external calibration references. These values are not warranted. These values are updated occasionally if a significant change in the statistically observed behavior of production instruments is observed.

• Typical describes additional product performance information that is not covered by the product

warranty. It is performance beyond specification that 80% of the units exhibit with a 95% confidence level over the temperature range 20 to 30°C. Typical performance does not include measurement uncertainty.

• Nominal values indicate expected performance, or describe product performance that is useful in the

application of the product, but is not covered by the product warranty.

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications

The following conditions must be met for the analyzer to meet its specifications.

• The analyzer is within its calibration cycle. See the General section of this chapter.

• Under auto couple control, except that Auto Sweep Time Rules = Accy.

• For signal frequencies < 10 MHz, DC coupling applied.

• Any analyzer that has been stored at a temperature range inside the allowed storage range but outside

the allowed operating range must be stored at an ambient temperature within the allowed operating range for at least two hours before being turned on.

• The analyzer has been turned on at least 30 minutes with Auto Align set to Normal, or if Auto Align

is set to Off or Partial, alignments must have been run recently enough to prevent an Alert message. If the Alert condition is changed from “Time and Temperature” to one of the disabled duration choices, the analyzer may fail to meet specifications without informing the user.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

14 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Frequency Range

Maximum Frequency

Option 503 3.6 GHz Option 507 7 GHz Option 513 13.6 GHz Option 526 26.5 GHz

Preamp Option P03 3.6 GHz

Minimum Frequency

Preamp AC Coupled DC Coupled Off 10 MHz 9 kHz On 10 MHz 100 kHz

Band

Band Overlaps 0 (9 kHz to 3.6 GHz)

1 (3.5 GHz to 7 GHz) 1 (3.5 GHz to 8.4 GHz) 2 (8.3 GHz to 13.6 GHz) 3 (13.5 GHz to 17.1 GHz) 4 (17 GHz to 26.5 GHz)

Harmonic Mixing Mode

1− 1− 1− 1− 2− 2−

LO Multiple (N

1 Options 503,507, 513, 526 1 Option 507 1 Options 513, 526 2 Options 513, 526 2 Option 526 4 Option 526

)

Chapter 1 15

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

a. In the band overlap regions, for example, 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, the analyzer may use either band for

measurements, in this example Band 0 or Band 1. The analyzer gives preference to the band with the better overall specifications (which is the lower numbered band for all frequencies below 26 GHz), but will choose the other band if doing so is necessary to achieve a sweep having minimum band crossings. For example, with CF = 3.58 GHz, with a span of 40 MHz or less, the analyzer uses Band 0, because the stop frequency is 3.6 GHz or less, allowing a span without band crossings in the preferred band. If the span is between 40 and 160 MHz, the analyzer uses Band 1, because the start frequency is above 3.5 GHz, allowing the sweep to be done without a band crossing in Band 1, though the stop frequency is above 3.6 GHz, preventing a Band 0 sweep without band crossing. With a span greater than 160 MHz, a band crossing will be required: the analyzer sweeps up to 3.6 GHz in Band 0; then executes a band crossing and continues the sweep in Band 1.

Specifications are given separately for each band in the band overlap regions. One of these specifications is for the preferred band, and one for the alternate band. Continuing with the example from the previous paragraph (3.58 GHz), the preferred band is ba nd 0 (indicated as frequencies under 3.6 GHz) and the alternate band is band 1 (3.5 to 8.4 GHz). The specifications for the preferred band are warranted. The specifications for the alternate band are not warranted in the band overlap region, but performance is nominally the same as those warranted specifications in the rest of the band. Again, in this example, consider a signal at 3.58 GHz. If the sweep has been configured so that the signal at 3.58 GHz is measured in Band 1, the analysis behavior is nominally as stated in the Band 1 specification line (3.5 – 8.4 GHz) but is not warranted. If warranted performance is necessary for this signal, the sweep should be reconfigured so that analysis occurs in Band 0. Another way to express this situation in this example Band 0/Band 1 crossing is this: The specifications given in the “Specifications” column which are described as “3.5 to 8.4 GHz” represent nominal performance from 3.5 to 3.6 GHz, and warranted performance from 3.6 to 8.4 GHz.

b. N is the LO multiplication factor. For negative mixing modes (as indicated by the “−” in the

“Harmonic Mixing Mode” column), the desired 1st LO harmonic is higher than the tuned frequency by the 1st IF (5.1225 GHz for band 0, 322.5 MHz for all other bands).

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Standard Frequency Reference

Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment × aging

rate) + temperature stability +

]

Temperature Stability 20 to 30 °C

5 to 50 °C

Aging Rate

calibration accuracy

±2 × 10

±1 × 10

16 Chapter 1

−6

/year

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Achievable Initial Calibration

±1.4 × 10

−6

Accuracy Settability

Residual FM Center Frequency = 1 GHz

±2 × 10

−8

≤10 Hz × N p-p in 20 ms nominal

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10

MHz. If the adjustment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specifi-

cation “Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy.” b. For periods of one year or more. c. N is the LO multiplication factor.

Chapter 1 17

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Precision Frequency Refere nce

(Option PFR) Accuracy ±[(time since last adjustment

× aging rate) + temperature stability + calibration

accuracy

a]b

Temperature Stability

−8

±5 × 10

−10

20 to 30 °C

5 to 50 °C

Aging Rate

±1.5 × 10

±5 × 10

Total Aging 1 Year

2 Years

Settability

Warm-up and Retrace 300 s after turn on

900 s after turn on

±1 × 10

±1.5 × 10

±2 × 10

−7

−9

−7

±1 × 10

−7

(nominal)

±1 × 10

−8

of final frequency

(nominal)

Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy

±4 × 10

−8

Standby power to reference oscillator Not supplied Residual FM

Center Frequency = 1 GHz

≤ 0.25 Hz x N p-p in 20 ms (nominal)

/day (nominal)

10 Hz RBW, 10 Hz VBW

a. Calibration accuracy depends on how accurately the frequency standard was adjusted to 10

MHz. If the adjustment procedure is followed, the calibration accuracy is given by the specifi-

cation “Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy.” b. The specification applies af ter the analyzer has been powered on for four hours. c. Standby mode does not apply power to the oscillator. Therefore warm-up applies every time

the power is turned on. The warm-up reference is one hour after turning the power on. Retrac-

ing also occurs every time the power is applied. The effect of retracing is included within the

“Achievable Initial Calibration Accuracy” term of the Accuracy equation.

18 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

d. The achievable calibration accuracy at the beginning of the calibration cycle includes these

effects:

1) Te mperature difference between the calibration environment and the use environment

2) Orientation relative to the gravitation field changing between the calibration environment and the use environment

3) Retrace effects in both the calibration environment and the use environment due to turning the instrument power off.

4) Settability

e. N is the LO multiplication factor.

Chapter 1 19

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Frequency Readout Accuracy ±(marker freq. × freq. ref. accy. + 0.25%

+ 2 Hz + 0.5 ×

)

Example for EMC

× span + 5% × RBW horizontal resolution

Single detector only

±0.0032% (nominal)

a. The warranted performance is only the sum of all errors under autocoupled conditions. Under

non-autocoupled conditions, the frequency readout accuracy will nominally meet the specifica-

tion equation, except for conditions in which the RBW term dominates, as explained in exam-

ples below. The nominal RBW contribution to frequency readout accuracy is 2% of RBW for

RBWs from 1 Hz to 390 kHz, 4% of RBW from 430 kHz through 3 MHz (the widest autocou-

pled RBW), and 30% of RBW for the (manually selected) 4, 5, 6 and 8 MHz RBWs.

First example: a 120 MHz span, with autocoupled RBW. The autocoupled ratio of span to

RBW is 106:1, so the RBW selected is 1.1 MHz. The 5% × RBW term contributes only 55 kHz

to the total frequency readout accuracy, compared to 300 kHz for the 0.25% × span term, for a

total of 355 kHz. In this example, if an instrument had an unusually high RBW centering error

of 7% of RBW (77 kHz) and a span error of 0.20% of span (240 kHz), the total actual error

(317 kHz) would still meet the computed specification (355 kHz).

Second example: a 20 MHz span, with a 4 MHz RBW. The specification equation does not

apply because the Span: RBW ratio is not autocoupled. If the equation did apply, it would

allow 50 kHz of error (0.25%) due to the span and 200 kHz error (5%) due to the RBW. For

this non-autocoupled RBW, the RBW error is nominally 30%, or 1200 kHz. b. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the trace points. The points are

spaced by span/(Npts - 1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the

factory preset value of 1001 sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However,

there is an exception: When both the detector mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts -

1) × RBW, peaks can occur only in even-numbered points, so the effective horizontal resolu-

tion becomes doubled, or span/500 for the factory preset case. When the RBW is autocoupled

and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception occurs only for spans > 750 MHz c. Specifications apply to traces in two cases: when all active traces use the same detector, and to

any trace that uses the peak detector. When multiple simultaneous detectors are in use, addi-

tional errors of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 display points will occur in some detectors, depending on the

combination of detectors in use. In one example, with positive peak, negative peak and average

detection, there is an additional error only in the average detection trace, which shifts the

apparent signal position left by 0.5 display points.

20 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

d. In most cases, the frequency readout accuracy of the analyzer can be exceptionally good. As an

example, Agilent has characterized the accuracy of a span commonly used for Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) testing using a source frequency locked to the analyzer. Ideally, this sweep would include EMC bands C and D and thus sweep from 30 to 1000 MHz. Ideally, the analysis bandwidth would be 120 kHz at −6 dB, and the spacing of the points would be half of this (60 kHz). With a start frequency of 30 MHz and a stop frequency of 1000.2 MHz and a total of 16168 points, the spacing of points is ideal. The detector used was the Peak detector. The accuracy of frequency readout of all the points tested in this span was with ±0.0032% of the span. A perfect analyzer with this many points would have an accuracy of ±0.0031% of span. Thus, even with this large number of display points, the errors in excess of the bucket quantization limitation were negligible.

Chapter 1 21

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Frequency Counter

Count Accuracy ±(marker freq. × freq. Ref. Accy. + 0.100 Hz) Delta Count Accuracy ±(delta freq. × freq. Ref. Accy. + 0.141 Hz) Resolution 0.001 Hz

See note

a. Instrument conditions: RBW = 1 kHz, gate time = auto (100 ms), S/N ≥ 50 dB,

frequency = 1 GHz b. If the signal being measured is locked to the same frequency reference as the analyzer, the

specified count accuracy is ±0.100 Hz under the test conditions of footnote a. This error is a

noisiness of the result. It will increase with noisy sources, wider RBWs, lower S/N ratios, and

source frequencies >1 GHz.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Frequency Span

Range Swept and FFT

Option 503 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 3.6 GHz Option 507 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 7 GHz Option 513 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 13.6 GHz Option 526 0 Hz, 10 Hz to 26.5 GHz Resolution 2 Hz Span Accuracy

Swept

FFT

±(0.25% × span + horizontal resolution

±(0.10% × span + horizontal resolution

)

a. Horizontal resolution is due to the marker reading out one of the trace points. The points are

spaced by span/(Npts − 1), where Npts is the number of sweep points. For example, with the

factory preset value of 1001 sweep points, the horizontal resolution is span/1000. However,

there is an exception: When both the detector mode is “normal” and the span > 0.25 × (Npts −

1) × RBW, peaks can occur only in even-numbered points, so the effective horizontal resolu-

tion becomes doubled, or span/500 for the factory preset case. When the RBW is auto coupled

and there are 1001 sweep points, that exception occurs only for spans > 750 MHz.

22 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Sweep Time

Range Span = 0 Hz Span ≥ 10 Hz

Accuracy Span ≥ 10 Hz, swept Span ≥ 10 Hz, FFT Span = 0 Hz

1 μs to 6000 s 1 ms to 4000 s

±0.01% (nominal) ±40% (nominal) ±0.01% (nominal)

Sweep Trigger Free Run, Line, Video,

External 1, External 2, RF Burst, Periodic Timer

Delayed Trigger

Range Span ≥ 10 Hz, swept 1 μs to 500 ms Span = 0 Hz or FFT −150 ms to +500 ms Resolution 0.1 μs

a. Delayed trigger is available with line, video, RF burst and external triggers.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Triggers Additional information on some of the triggers and

gate sources

Video

Independent of Display Scaling and Reference

Level Minimum settable level −170 dBm Useful range limited by noise Maximum usable level

Highest allowed mixer level

+ 2 dB (nominal)

Detector and Sweep Type relationships

Sweep Type = Swept Detector = Normal, Peak,

Sample or Negative Peak

Triggers on the signal before detection, which is

similar to the displayed signal Detector = Average Triggers on the signal before detection, but with a

single-pole filter added to give similar smoothing to

that of the average detector

Chapter 1 23

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Sweep Type = FFT Triggers on the signal envelope in a bandwidth

wider than the FFT width

RF Burst

Level Range −50 to −10 dBm plus attenuation (nominal) Bandwidth (−10 dB) Most cases 16 MHz (nominal) Sweep Type = FFT;

FFT Width = 25 MHz; Span ≥ 8 MHz

Frequency Limitations If the start or center frequency is too close to zero,

External Triggers

30 MHz (nominal)

LO feedthrough can degrade or prevent triggering. How close is too close depends on the bandwidth.

See “Inputs/Outputs” on page 71

a. The highest allowed mixer level depends on the attenuation and IF Gain. It is nominally

–10 dBm + input attenuation for Preamp Off and IF Gain = Low.

24 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Gated Sweep

Gate Methods Gated LO

Gated Video

Gated FFT Span Range Any span Gate Delay Range 0 to 100.0 s Gate Delay Settability 4 digits, ≥ 100 ns Gate Delay Jitter 33.3 ns p-p (nominal) Gate Length Range

Except Method = FFT Gated Frequency and

Amplitude Errors

Gate Sources External 1

100.0 ns to 5.0 s

External 2

Line

RF Burst

Periodic

Nominally no additional error for gated measurements when the Gate Delay is greater than the MIN FAST setting

Pos or neg edge triggered

Chapter 1 25

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot]

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Number of Frequency Display Trace

Points (buckets)

Factory preset 1001 Range 1 to 40,001 Zero and non-zero spans

26 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)

Range (−3.01 dB bandwidth) 1 Hz to 8 MHz

Bandwidths above 3 MHz are 4, 5, 6, and 8 MHz. Bandwidths 1 Hz to 3 MHz are spaced at 10% spacing using the E24 series (24 per decade): 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5,

1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6,

3.9, 4.3, 4.7, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2,

9.1 in each decade.

Power bandwidth accuracy RBW Range CF Range 1 Hz - 750 kHz All ±1.0% (0.044 dB) 820 kHz - 1.2 MHz <3.6 GHz ±2.0% (0.088 dB)

1.3 - 2.0 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.07 dB (nominal)

2.2 - 3 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.15 dB (nominal) 4 - 8 MHz <3.6 GHz ±0.25 dB (nominal)

Accuracy (−3.01 dB bandwidth) 1 Hz to 1.3 MHz RBW ±2% (nominal)

1.5 MHz to 3 MHz RBW (CF ≤ 3.6 GHz) (CF > 3.6 GHz)

4 MHz to 8 MHz RBW (CF ≤ 3.6 GHz) (CF > 3.6 GHz)

±7% (nominal) ±8% (nominal)

±15% (nominal) ±20% (nominal)

Selectivity (−60 dB/−3 dB) 4.1:1 (nominal)

a. The noise marker, band power marker , channel power and ACP all comp ute their results using

the power bandwidth of the RBW used for the measurement. Power bandwidth accuracy is the power uncertainty in the results of these measurements due only to bandwidth-related errors. (The analyzer knows this power bandwidth for each RBW with greater accuracy than the RBW width itself, and can therefore achieve lower errors.) The warranted specifications shown apply to the Gaussian RBW filters used in swept and zero span analysis. There are four different kinds of filters used in the spectrum analyzer: Swept Gaussian, Swept Flattop, FFT Gaussian and FFT Flattop. While the warranted performance only applies to the swept Gaussian filters, because only they are kept under statistical process control, the other filters nominally have the same performance.

Chapter 1 27

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Frequency and Time

b. Resolution Bandwidth Accuracy can be observed at slower sweep times than auto-coupled

conditions. Normal sweep rates cause the shape of the RBW filter displayed on the analyzer screen to widen by nominally 6%. This widening declines to 0.6% nominal when the Swp Time Rules key is set to Accuracy instead of Normal. The true bandwidth, which determines the response to impulsive signals and noise-like signals, is not affected by the sweep rate.

Description Specification Supplemental information

Analysis Bandwidth

Standard 10 MHz With Option B25 25 MHz

a. Analysis bandwidth is the instantaneous bandwidth available about a center frequency over

which the input signal can be digitized for further analysis or processing in the time, frequency, or modulation domain.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Video Bandwidth (VBW)

Range Same as Resolution Bandwidth

range plus wide-open VBW (labeled 50 MHz)

Accuracy ±6% (nominal)

in swept mode and zero span

a. For FFT processing, the selected VBW is used to determine a number of averages for FFT

results. That number is chosen to give roughly equivalent display smoothing to VBW filtering in a swept measurement. For example, if VBW=0.1 × RBW, four FFTs are averaged to generate one result.

28 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Measurement Range Displayed Average Noise Level to +23 dBm

Preamp On Displayed Average Noise Level to +23 dBm Option P03 Input Attenuation Range 0 to 60 dB, in 10 dB steps Standard Input Attenuation Range 0 to 60 dB, in 2 dB steps With Option FSA

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Maximum Safe Input Level Applies with or without preamp

(Option P03)

Average Total Power +30 dBm (1 W)

Peak Pulse Power <10 μs pulse width, <1% duty cycle input attenuation ≥ 30 dB

DC volts DC Coupled ±0.2 Vdc AC Coupled ±70 Vdc

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Display Range

Log Scale Ten divisions displayed;

+50 dBm (100 W)

0.1 to 1.0 dB/division in 0.1 dB steps, and 1 to 20 dB/division in 1 dB steps

Linear Scale Te n divisions

Chapter 1 29

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Marker Readout

Log units resolution Average Off, on-screen 0.01 dB Average On or remote 0.001 dB Linear units resolution ≤1% of signal level (nominal)

a. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from

some earlier analyzers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarithmic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the signal analyzer can make measurements largely independent of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a measurement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below , without any change in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed is in the input attenuation setting: When the input attenuation is set to auto, the rules for the determination of the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls the tradeoff between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation and compression) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL changes when the input attenuation is set to auto.

30 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Frequency Response

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Frequency Response Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

Maximum error relative to reference condition (50 MHz)

Mechanical attenuator only Swept operation

Attenuation 10 dB 20 to 30 °C 5 to 50 °C

Percentile (≈2σ)

9 kHz to 10 MHz ±0.8 dB ±1.0 dB ±0.40 dB 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz ±0.6 dB ±0.65 dB ±0.21 dB

3.5 to 7 GHz

7 to 13.6 GHz

c d

13.5 to 22.0 GHz

22.0 to 26.5 GHz

c d

±2.0 dB ±3.0 dB

±2.5 dB ±3.2 dB

±3.0 dB ±3.7 dB

±3.2 dB ±4.2 dB

a. See the Electronic Attenuator (Option EA3) chapter for Frequency Response using the elec-

tronic attenuator.

b. For Sweep Type = FFT, add the RF flatness errors of this table to the IF Frequency Response

errors. An additional error source, the error in switching between swept and FFT sweep types,

is nominally ±0.01 dB and is included within the “Absolute Amplitude Error” specifications. c. Specifications for frequencies > 3.5 GHz apply for sweep rates ≤100 MHz/ms. d. Preselector centering applied.

Chapter 1 31

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

IF Frequency Response

Demodulation and FFT response relative to the center frequency

Freq (GHz)

≤ 3.6 ≤ 10 0.40 dB 0.12 dB 0.10 0.03 dB

3.6 to 26.5 ≤ 10 0.25 dB ≤ 3.6 10 to ≤ 25 0.45 dB 0.12 dB 0.05 0.04 dB

3.6 to 26.5 10 to ≤ 25 0.80 dB

FFT Width (MHz)

Max Errorc

(Exceptions

Percentile

Midwidth

)

Error

Slope (dB/MHz)

Rms (nominal)

a. The IF frequency response includes effects due to RF circuits such as input filters, that are a

function of RF frequency, in addition to the IF pass-band effects.

b. This column applies to the instantaneous analysis bandwidth in use. The range available

depends on the hardware options and the Mode. The Spectrum analyzer Mode does not allow all bandwidths. The I/Q Analyzer is an example of a mode that does allow all bandwidths.

c. The maximum error at an offset (f) from the center of the FFT width is given by the expres-

± [Midwidth Error + (f ×Slope)], but never exceeds ±Max Error. Usually, the span is no

sion larger than the FFT width in which case the center of the FFT width is the center frequency of the analyzer . When the analyzer span is w ider than the FFT width, the span i s made up of multiple concatenated FFT results, and thus has multiple centers of FFT widths so the f in the equation is the offset from the nearest center. These specifications include the ef fect of RF frequency response as well as IF frequency response at the worst case center frequency. Performance is nominally three times better at most center frequencies.

d. The specification does not apply for frequencies greater than 3.6 MHz from the center in FFT

widths of 7.2 to 8 MHz.

e. The “RMS” nominal performance is the standard deviatio n of th e response relative to the cen-

ter frequency, integrated across a 10 or 25 MHz span. This performance measure was observed at a center frequency in each harmonic mixing band, which is representative of all center frequencies; it is not the worst case frequency.

32 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

Relative to 10 dB (reference setting) Frequency Range 50 MHz (reference frequency) ±0.20 dB ±0.08 dB (typical) Attenuation > 2 dB, preamp off 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz ±0.3 dB (nominal)

3.5 to 7.0 GHz ±0.5 dB (nominal)

7.0 to 13.6 GHz ±0.7 dB (nominal)

13.5 to 26.5 GHz ±0.7 dB (nominal)

Chapter 1 33

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Absolute Amplitude Accuracy

At 50 MHz

20 to 30°C 5 to 50°C

At all frequencies

20 to 30°C 5 to 50°C

Percentile Absolute

Amplitude Accuracy

±0.40 dB ±0.43 dB

±(0.4 dB + frequency response) ±(0.43 dB + frequency response)

±0.15 dB (95th percentile)

±0.27 dB

Wide range of signal levels, RBWs, RLs, etc.

0.01 to 3.6 GHz, Atten = 10 dB Amplitude Reference Accuracy ±0.05 dB (nominal)

Preamp On

Option P03

±(0.39 dB + frequency response) (nominal)

a. Absolute amplitude accuracy is the total of all amplitude measurement errors, and applies over

the following subset of settings and conditions: 1 Hz ≤ RBW ≤1 MHz; Input signal −10 to

−50 dBm; Input attenuation 10 dB; span <5 MHz (nominal additional error for span ≥ 5 MHz is 0.02 dB); all settings auto-coupled except Swp Time Rules = Accuracy; combinations of low signal level and wide RBW use VBW ≤30 kHz to reduce noise. This absolute amplitude accuracy specification includes the sum of the following individual specifications under the conditions listed above: Scale Fidelity, Reference Level Accuracy, Display Scale Switching Uncertainty, Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty, 50 MHz Amplitude Reference Accuracy , and the accuracy with which the instrument aligns its internal gains to the 50 MHz Amplitude Reference.

34 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

b. Absolute Ampl itude Accuracy for a wide range of signal and measurement settings, covers the

95th percentile proportion with 95% confidence. Here are the details of what is covered and how the computation is made:

The wide range of conditions of RBW, signal level, VBW, reference level and display scale are discussed in footnote a. There are 44 quasi-random combinations used, tested at a 50 MHz signal frequency. We compute the 95th p ercentile prop ortion with 95 % confidence for this set observed over a statistically significant number of instruments. Also, the frequency response relative to the 50 MHz response is characterized by varying the signal across a large number of quasi-random verification frequencies that are chosen to not correspond with the frequency response adjustment frequencies. We again compute the 95th percentile proportion with 95% confidence for this set observed over a statistically significant number of instruments. We also compute the 95th percentile accuracy of tracing the calibration of the 50 MHz absolute amplitude accuracy to a national standards organization. We also compute the 95th percentile accuracy of tracing the calibration of the relative frequency response to a national standards organization. We take the root-sum-square of these four independent Gaussian parameters. To that rss we add the environmental effects of temperature variations across the 20 to 30 °C range. These computations and measurements are made with the mechanical attenuator only in circuit, set to the reference state of 10 dB.

A similar process is used for computing the result when using the electronic attenuator under a wide range of settings: all even settings from 4 through 24 dB inclusive, with the mechanical attenuator set to 10 dB. Then the worse of the two computed 95th percentile results (they were very close) is shown.

c. Same settings as footnote a, except that the signal level at the preamp input is −40 to

−80 dBm. T otal power at preamp (dBm) = total power at input (dBm) minus input attenuation (dB). This specification applies for signal frequencies above 100 kHz.

Chapter 1 35

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information RF Input VSWR

at tuned frequency, DC Coupled

Nominal

10 dB attenuation, 50 MHz 1.07:1

Input Attenuation

Frequency 0 dB ≥10 dB 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz < 2.2:1 See nominal VSWR plots

3.6 to 26.5 GHz See nominal VSWR plots

Internal 50 MHz calibrator is On Open input Alignments running Open input

a. The nominal SWR stated is the worst case RF frequency in three representative instruments.

36 Chapter 1

Nominal VSWR [Plot]

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Chapter 1 37

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty

relative to reference BW of 30 kHz

1.0 Hz to 3 MHz RBW ±0.10 dB Manually selected wide RBWs:

4, 5, 6, 8 MHz

Description Specifications Supplemental

Reference Level

Range Log Units −170 to +23 dBm, in 0.01 dB steps Linear Units 707 pV to 3.16 V, with 0.01 dB resolution (0.11%) Accuracy

0 dB

±1.0 dB

Information

a. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from

some earlier analyzers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarithmic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the analyzer can make measurements largely independent of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a measurement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below, without any change in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed is in the input attenuation setting: When the input attenuation is set to auto, the rules for the determination of the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls the tradeoff between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation and compression) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL changes when the input attenuation is set to auto.

b. Because reference level affects only the display, not the measurement, it causes no additional

error in measurement results from trace data or markers.

38 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Display Scale Switching Uncertainty

Switching between Linear and Log

Log Scale Switching

0 dB

a. Because Log/Lin and Log Scale Switching affect only the display, not the measurement, they

cause no additional error in measurement results from trace data or markers.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display Scale Fidelity

Log-Linear Fidelity (relative to the reference condition of −25 dBm input through the 10 dB attenuation, or

−35 dBm at the input mixer) Input mixer level

−80 dBm ≤ ML ≤ −10 dBm ±0.15 dB ML < −80 dBm ±0.25 dB

abc

Linearity

Relative Fidelity

Applies for mixer leveld range from −10 to −80 dBm, mechanical attenuator only,

preamp off, and dither on. Sum of the following terms: high level term

Up to ±0.045 dB instability term Up to ±0.018 dB slope term

prefilter term

From equation

Up to ±0.005 dB

Chapter 1 39

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

320dB()110

SN⁄ 3dB+()20dB⁄()–

+〈〉log=

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

a. Supplemental information: The amplitude detection linearity specification applies at all levels

below −10 dBm at the input mixer; however, noise will reduce the accur acy of low level measurements. The amplitude error due to noise is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio, S/N. If the S/N is large (20 dB or better), the amplitude error due to noise can be estimated from the equation below, given for the 3-sigma (three standard deviations) level.

The errors due to S/N ratio can be further reduced by averaging results. For large S/N (20 dB or better), the 3-sigma level can be reduced proportional to the square root of the number of averages taken.

b. The scale fidelity is warranted with ADC dither set to On. Dither increases the noise level by

nominally only 0.24 dB for the most sensitive case (preamp Off, best DANL frequencies). With dither Off, scale fidelity for low level si gnals, around −60 dBm or lower, will nominally degrade by 0.2 dB.

c. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from

some earlier analyzers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarithmic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the analyzer can make measurements largely independent of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a measurement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below, without any change in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed is in the input attenuator setting: When the input attenuator is set to auto, the rules for the determination of the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls the tradeoff between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation and compression) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL

changes when the input attenuation is set to auto. d. Mixer level = Input Level − Input Attenuator e. The relative fidelity is the error in the measured difference between two signal levels. It is so

small in many cases that it cannot be verified without being dominated by measurement

uncertainty of the verification. Because of this verification difficulty, this specification gives

nominal performance, based on numbers that are as conservatively determined as those used

in warranted specifications. We will consider one example of the use of the error equation to

compute the nominal performance.

Example: the accuracy of the relative level of a sideband around −60 dBm, with a carrier at −5

dBm, using attenuator = 10 dB, RBW = 3 kHz, evaluated with swept analysis. The high level

term is evaluated with P1 = −15 dBm and P2 = −70 dBm at the mixer. This gives a maximum

error within ±0.025 dB. The instability term is ±0.018 dB. The slope term evaluates to ±0.050

dB. The prefilter term applies and evaluates to the limit of ±0.005 dB. The sum of all these

terms is ±0.098 dB. f. Errors at high mixer levels will nominally be well within the range of ±0.045 dB × {exp[(P1 −

Pref)/(8.69 dB)] − exp[(P2 − Pref)/(8.69 dB)]} (exp is the natural exponent function, e

). In this expression, P1 and P2 are the powers of the two signals, in decibel units, whose relative power is being measured. Pref is −10 dBm (−10 dBm is the highest power for which linearity is specified). All these levels are referred to the mixer level.

40 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

g. Slope error will nominally be well within the range of ±0.0009 × (P1 − P2). P1 and P2 are

defined in footnote f.

h. A small additional error is possible. In FFT sweeps, this error is possible for spans under 4.01

kHz. For non-FFT measurements, it is possible for RBWs of 3.9 kHz or less. The error is well within the range of ±0.0021 × (P1 - P2) subject to a maximum of ±0.005 dB. (The maximum dominates for all but very small differences.)P1 and P2 are defined in footnote f.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Available Detectors Normal, Peak, Sample,

Negative Peak, A verage

A verage detector works on RMS, Voltage and Logarithmic scales

Chapter 1 41

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Gain Compression

Description Specifications Supplemental Information 1 dB Gain Compression Point

(Two-tone)

20 MHz to 26.5 GHz +9 dBm (nominal)

Clipping (ADC Over Range)

Any signal offset −10 dBm

IF Gain set to Low Signal offset >5 times IF prefilter bandwidth

IF Prefilter Bandwidth

Zero Span or Swept: Sweep Type = FFT:

RBW FFT Width 3 dB Bandwidth, nominal

≤ 3.9 kHz < 4.01 kHz 8.9 kHz

4.3 - 27 kHz < 28.81 kHz 79 kHz 30 - 160 kHz < 167.4 kHz 303 kHz

abc

Maximum power at

(nominal)

mixer

Low frequency exceptions +12 dBm (nominal)

180 - 390 kHz < 411.9 kHz 966 kHz 430 kHz - 8 MHz < 7.99 MHz 10.9 MHz

a. Large signals, even at frequencies not shown on the screen, can cause the analyzer to incor-

rectly measure on-screen signals because of two-tone gain compression. This specification tells how large an interfering signal must be in order to cause a 1 dB change in an on-screen signal.

b. Specified at 1 kHz RBW with 100 kHz tone spacing. The compression point will nominally

equal the specification for tone spacing greater than 5 times the prefilter bandwidth. At smaller spacings, ADC clipping may occur at a level lower than the 1 dB compression point.

42 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

c. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from

some earlier analyzers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarithmic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the analyzer can make measurements largely independent of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a measurement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below, without any change in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed is in the input attenuation setting: When the input attenuation is set to auto, the rules for the determination of the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls the tradeoff between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation, compression, and display scale fidelity) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL changes when the input attenuation is set to auto.

d. The ADC clipping level declines at low frequencies (below 50 MHz) when the LO feed

through (the signal that appears at 0 Hz) is within 5 times the prefilter bandwidth (see table) and must be handled by the ADC. For example, with a 300 kHz RBW and prefilter bandwidth at 966 kHz, the clipping level reduces for signal frequencies below 4.83 MHz. For signal frequencies below 2.5 times the prefilter bandwidth, there will be additional reduction due to the presence of the image signal (the signal that appears at the negative of the input signal frequency) at the ADC.

Chapter 1 43

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Displayed Average Noise Level

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Displayed Average Noise Level

(DANL)

Option 503, 507, 513, 526

1 to 10 MHz 10 MHz to 2.1 GHz −148 dBm −146 dBm −150 dBm

2.1 GHz to 3.6 GHz −147 dBm −145 dBm −148 dBm

Option 507,513, 526

3.6 GHz to 7 GHz −147 dBm −145 dBm −149 dBm

Option 513, 526

7.0 GHz to 13.6 GHz −143 dBm −141 dBm −147 dBm

Option 526

13.5 GHz to 17.1 GHz −137 dBm −134 dBm −142 dBm

Input terminated Sample or Average detector Averaging type = Log 0 dB input attenuation IF Gain = High

1 Hz Resolution Bandwidth

20 to 30°C5 to 50°C Typical

−147 dBm −145 dBm −149 dBm

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

17.0 GHz to 20.0 GHz −137 dBm −134 dBm −142 dBm

20.0 GHz to 26.5 GHz −134 dBm −130 dBm −140 dBm

Additional DANL, IF Gain=Low

−160.5 dBm (nominal)

a. DANL for zero span and swept is normalized in two ways and for two reasons. DANL is mea-

sured in a 1 kHz RBW and normalized to the narrowest available RBW, because the noise figure does not depend on RBW and 1 kHz measurements are faster. The second normalization is that DANL is measured with 10 dB input attenuation and normalized to the 0 dB input attenuation case, because that makes DANL and third order intermodulation test conditions congruent, allowing accurate dynamic range estimation for the analyzer.

b. DANL below 10 MHz is dominated by phase noise around the LO feedthrough signal. Speci-

fications apply with the best setting of the Phase Noise Optimization control, which is to choose the “Best Phase Noise at offset < 20 kHz” for frequencies below 25 kHz, and “Best Phase Noise at offset > 30 kHz” for frequencies above 25 kHz. The difference in sensitivity with Phase Noise Optimization changes is about 10 dB at 10 and 100 kHz, d eclining to under 1 dB for signals below 400 Hz, above 800 kHz, and near 25 kHz.

44 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

c. Setting the IF Gain to Low is often desirable in order to allow higher power into the mixer

without overload, better compression and better third-order intermodulation. When the Swept IF Gain is set to Low, either by auto coupling or manual coupling, there is noise added above that specified in this table for the IF Gain = High case. That excess noise appears as an additional noise at the input mixer . This level has sub-decibel dependen ce on center frequency. To find the total displayed average noise at the mixer for Swept IF Gain = Low, sum the powers of the DANL for IF Gain = High with this additional DANL. To do that summation, compute DANLtotal = 10 × log (10^(DANLhigh/10) + 10^(AdditionalDANL / 10)). In FFT sweeps, the same behavior occurs, except that FFT IF Gain can be set to autorange, where it varies with the input signal level, in addition to forced High and Low settings.

Chapter 1 45

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Spurious Responses

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Spurious Responses

Mixer Level

Response

Preamp Off

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

Residual Responses

200 kHz to 8.4 GHz (swept) Zero span or FFT or other frequencies

N/A

−100 dBm

−100 dBm (nominal)

Image Responses Tuned Freq. (f) Excitation

Freq.

10 MHz to 26.5 GHz f+45 MHz −10 dBm −75 dBc −99 dBc (typical) 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz f+10245 MHz −10 dBm −80 dBc −103 dBc (typical) 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −80 dBc −107 dBc (typical)

3.5 GHz to 13.6 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −75 dBc −87 dBc (typical

13.5 GHz to 17.1 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −71 dBc −85 dBc (typical)

17.0 GHz to 22 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −68 dBc −82 dBc (typical) 22 GHz to 26.5 GHz f+645 MHz −10 dBm −66 dBc −78 dBc (typical) LO Related Spurious Responses

f > 600 MHz from carrier 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz

−10 dBm

−60 dBc

−90 dBc (typical)

Other Spurious Responses

First RF Order

f ≥ 10 MHz from carrier

−10 dBm −68 dBc Includes other LO spurious, IF feedthrough, LO harmonic mixing responses

Higher RF Order

f ≥ 10 MHz from carrier

−40 dBm −80 dBc Includes higher order mixer responses

Sidebands, offset from CW signal ≤ 200 Hz

200 Hz to 3 kHz

−60 dBc

−68 dBc

(nominal)

(nominal) 3 kHz to 30 kHz −68 dBc (nominal) 30 kHz to 10 MHz −80 dBc (nominal)

46 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

a. Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation. b. The spurious response specifications only apply with the preamp turned off. When the preamp

is turned on, performance is nominally the same as long as the mixer level is interpreted to be:

Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation − Preamp Gain c. Input terminated, 0 dB input attenuation. d. With first RF order spurious products, the indicated frequency will change at the same rate as

the input, with higher order, the indicated frequency will change at a rate faster than the input. e. RBW=100 Hz. With higher RF order spurious responses, the observed frequency will change

at a rate faster than the input frequency. f. Nominally −40 dBc under large magnetic (0.38 Gauss rms) or vibrational (0.21 g rms) envi-

ronmental stimuli.

Chapter 1 47

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Second Harmonic Distortion

Description Specifications Supplemental

Information

Second Harmonic Distortion

Mixer Level

SHIb (nominal)

Source Frequency 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz −15 dBm +45 dBm

1.75 to 7 GHz −15 dBm + 65 dBm 7 GHz to 11 GHz −15 dBm +55 dBm 11 to 13.25 GHz −15 dBm +50 dBm

a. Mixer level = Input Level − Input Attenuation b. SHI = second harmonic intercept. The SHI is given by the mixer power in dBm minus the sec-

ond harmonic distortion level relative to the mixer tone in dBc.

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Third Order

Intermodulation Distortion

Tone separation > 5 times IF Prefilter Bandwidth Verification conditions

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

20 to 30°C

Intercept

Extrapolated Distortion

Intercept (typical)

100 to 400 MHz +10 dBm −80 dBc +14 dBm 400 MHz to 1.7 GHz +11 dBm −82 dBc +15 dBm

1.7 to 3.6 GHz +13 dBm −86 dBc +17 dBm

3.6 to 5.1 GHz +11 dBm −82 dBc +17 dBm

5.1 to 7 GHz +13 dBm −86 dBc +17 dBm 7 to 13.6 GHz +11 dBm −82 dBc +15 dBm

13.6 to 26.5 GHz +9 dBm −78 dBc +14 dBm

5 to 50°C

10 to 100 MHz 100 to 400 MHz +9 dBm −78 dBc

48 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

400 MHz to 1.7 GHz +10 dBm −80 dBc

1.7 to 3.6 GHz +12 dBm −84 dBc

3.6 to 5.1 GHz +10 dBm −80 dBc

5.1 to 7 GHz +12 dBm −86 dBc 7 to 13.6 GHz +10 dBm −80 dBc

13.6 to 26.5 GHz +7 dBm −74 dBc

a. See the IF Prefilter Bandwidth table in the Gain Compression specifications on page 42.

When the tone separation condition is met, the effect on TOI of the setting of IF Gain is negli-

gible. TOI is verified with IF Gain set to its best case condition, which is IF Gain = Low. b. TOI is verified with two tones, each at −18 dBm at the mixer, spaced by 100 kHz. c. TOI = third order intercept. The TOI is given by the mixer tone level (in dBm) minus (distor-

tion/2) where distortion is the relative level of the distortion tones in dBc. d. The distortion shown is computed from the warranted intercept specifications, based on two

tones at −30 dBm each, instead of being measured directly. The choice of −30 dBm is based

on historic and continuing industry practice.

Chapter 1 49

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz [Plot]

50 Chapter 1

Nominal Dynamic Range Bands 1-4 [Plot]

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Chapter 1 51

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot]

52 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Phase Noise

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Phase Noise

Noise Sidebands

20 to 30°C5 to 50°C

Center Frequency = 1 GHz Best-case Optimization Internal Reference

Offset 100 Hz −84 dBc/Hz −82 dBc/Hz −88 dBc/Hz (typical) 1 kHz −98 dBc/Hz (nominal) 10 kHz −99 dBc/Hz −98 dBc/Hz −102 dBc/Hz (typical) 100 kHz −112 dBc/Hz −111 dBc/Hz −114 dBc/Hz (typical)

1 MHz −132 dBc/Hz −131 dBc/Hz −135 dBc/Hz (typical) 10 MHz −143 dBc/Hz (nominal)

a. The nominal performance of the phase noise at frequencies above the frequency at which the

specifications apply (1 GHz) depends on the band and the offset. For low offset frequencies,

offsets well under 100 Hz, the phase noise increases by 20 × log(f). For mid-offset frequen-

cies, such as [10 kHz, band 0 phase noise increases as 20 × log[(f + 5.1225)/6.1225]. For

mid-offset frequencies in other bands, phase noise changes as 20 × log[(f + 0.3225)/6.1225],

except if in this expression should never be lower than 5.8. For wide offset frequencies, [off-

sets well above 100 kHz], phase noise increases as 20 × log(N). N is the LO Multiple as

shown on page 15; f is in GHz units in all these relationships; all increases are in units of

decibels. b. Noise sidebands for lower offset frequencies, for example, 10 kHz, as apply with the phase

noise optimization (

Pn Noise Opt) set to Best Close-in φ Noise. Noise sidebands for higher

offset frequencies, for example, 1 MHz, as shown apply with the phase noise optimization set

Best Wid-offset φ Noise.

to c. Specifications are given with the internal precision frequency reference. The phase noise at

offsets below 100 Hz is impacted or dominated by noise from the reference. Thus, perfor-

mance with external references will not follow the curves and specifications. The internal 10

MHz reference phase noise is about –120 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset; external references with

poorer phase noise than this will cause poorer performance than shown.

Chapter 1 53

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations

54 Chapter 1

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Dynamic Range

Chapter 1 55

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Channel Power

Amplitude Accuracy

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA, or IS-95

Absolute Power Accuracy 20 to 30 °C Attenuation = 10 dB

±0.94 dB

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy Power Bandwidth Accuracy

±0.27 dB (95th percentile)

a. See “Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 34. b. See “Frequency and Time” on page 15. c. Expressed in dB.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Occupied Bandwidth

Frequency Accuracy ±(Span/1000) (nominal)

56 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)

Case: Radio Std = None

Accuracy of ACP Ratio (dBc)

Accuracy of ACP Absolute Power (dBm or dBm/Hz)

Accuracy of Carrier Power (dBm), or Carrier Power PSD (dBm/Hz)

Passbandwidth

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA

Display Scale Fidelity

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy Power Bandwidth Accuracy

−3 dB

(ACPR; ACLR)

Minimum power at RF Input −36 dBm (nominal)

ACPR Accuracy

Radio Offset Freq

RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise bandwidth, method = IBW or Fast

MS (UE) 5 MHz ±0.22 dB At ACPR range of −30 to −36 dBc with

optimum mixer level

MS (UE) 10 MHz ±0.34 dB At ACPR range of −40 to −46 dBc with

BTS 5 MHz

±1.07 dB

optimum mixer level

At ACPR range of −42 to −48 dBc with optimum mixer level

BTS 10 MHz ±1.00 dB At ACPR range of −47 to −53 dBc with

BTS 5 MHz ±0.44 dB

optimum mixer level

At −48 dBc non-coherent ACPR

Dynamic Range RRC weighted, 3.84 MHz noise

bandwidth

Noise Correction

Offset Freq

Method

Off 5 MHz Filtered

ACLR (typical)

−68 dB −8 dBm

Optimal ML (Nominal)

IBW Off 5 MHz Fast −67 dB −9 dBm Off 10 MHz Filtered

−74 dB −2 dBm

IBW

Chapter 1 57

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

–

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

On 5 MHz Filtered

IBW

On 10 MHz Filtered

IBW

RRC Weighting Accuracy White noise in Adjacent Channel

TOI-induced spectrum rms CW error

−73 dB −8 dBm

−76 dB −2 dBm

0.00 dB nominal

0.001 dB nominal

0.012 dB nominal

a. The effect of scale fidelity on the ratio of two powers is called the relative scale fidelity. The

scale fidelity specified in the Amplitude section is an absolute scale fidelity with –35 dBm at the input mixer as the reference point. The relative scale fidelity is nominally only 0.01 dB

larger than the absolute scale fidelity. b. See Amplitude Accuracy and Range section. c. See Frequency and Time section. d. Expressed in decibels. e. An ACP measurement measures the power in adjacent channels. The shape of the response

versus frequency of those adjacent channels is occasionally critical. One parameter of the

shape is its 3 dB bandwidth. When the bandwidth (called the Ref BW) of the adjacent channel

is set, it is the 3 dB bandwidth that is set. The passband response is given by the convolution

of two functions: a rectangle of width equal to Ref BW and the power response versus fre-

quency of the RBW filter used. Measurements and specifications of analog radio ACPs are

often based on defined bandwidths of measuring receivers, and these are defined by their

−6 dB widths, not their −3 dB widths. To achieve a passband whose −6 dB width is x, set the

Ref BW to be .

0.572 RBW×

f. Most versions of adjacent channel power measurements use negative numbers, in units of

dBc, to refer to the power in an adjacent channel relative to the power in a main channel, in

accordance with ITU standards. The standards for W-CDMA analysis include ACLR, a posi-

tive number represented in dB units. In order to be consistent with other kinds of ACP mea-

surements, this measurement and its specifications will use negative dBc results, and refer to

them as ACPR, instead of positive dB results referred to as ACLR. The ACLR can be deter-

mined from the ACPR reported by merely reversing the sign. g. The accuracy of the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio will depend on the mixer drive level and

whether the distortion products from the analyzer are coherent with those in the UUT. These

specifications apply even in the worst case condition of coherent analyzer and UUT distortion

products. For ACPR levels other than those in this specifications table, the optimum mixer

drive level for accuracy is approximately −37 dBm − (ACPR/3), where the ACPR is given in

(negative) decibels. h. The Fast method has a slight decrease in accuracy in only one case: for BTS measurements at

5 MHz offset, the accuracy degrades by ±0.01 dB relative to the accuracy shown in this table.

58 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

i. To meet this specified accuracy when measuring mobile station (MS) or user equipment (UE)

within 3 dB of the required −33 dBc ACPR, the mixer level (ML) must be optimized for accu- racy. This optimum mixer level is −22 dBm, so the input attenuation must be set as close as possible to the average input power − (−19 dBm). For example, if the average input power is

−6 dBm, set the attenuation to 16 dB. This specification applies for the normal 3.5 dB peak-to-average ratio of a single code. Note that if the mixer level is set to optimize dynamic range instead of accuracy, accuracy errors are nominally doubled.

j. ACPR accuracy at 10 MHz of fset is warranted when the input attenuator is set to give an aver-

age mixer level of −14 dBm.

k. In order to meet this specified accuracy, the mixer level must be optimized for accuracy when

measuring node B Base Transmission Station (BTS) within 3 dB of the required −45 dBc ACPR. This optimum mixer level is −19 dBm, so the input attenuation must be set as close as possible to the average input power − (−22 dBm). For example, if the average input power is

−5 dBm, set the attenuation to 14 dB. This specification applies for the normal 10 dB peak-to-average ratio (at 0.01% probability) for Test Model 1. Note that, if the mixer level is set to optimize dynamic range instead of accuracy, accuracy errors are nominally doubled.

l. Accuracy ca n be excellent even at low ACPR levels assuming that the user sets the mixer

level to optimize the dynamic range, and assuming that the analyzer and UUT distortions are incoherent. When the errors from the UUT and the analyzer are incoherent, optimizing dynamic range is equivalent to minimizing the contrib ution of analyzer noise and distortion to accuracy, though the higher mixer level increases the display scale fidelity errors. This incoherent addition case is commonly used in the industry and can be useful for comparison of analysis equipment, but this incoherent addition model is rarely justified. This derived accuracy specification is based on a mixer level of −14 dBm.

m..Agilent measures 100% of the signal analyzers for dynamic range in the factory production

process. This measurement requires a near-ideal signal, which is impractical for field and customer use. Because field verification is impractical, Agilent only gives a typical result. More than 80% of prototype instruments met this “typical” specification; the factory test line limit is set commensurate with an on-going 80% yield to this typical. The ACPR dynamic range is verified only at 2 GHz, where Agilent has the near -perfect signal available. The dynamic range is specified for the optimum mixer drive level, which is different in different instruments and different conditions. The test signal is a 1 DPCH signal. The ACPR dynamic range is the observed range. This typical specification includes no measurement uncertainty.

Chapter 1 59

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

n. 3GPP requires the use of a root-raised-cosine filter in evaluating the ACLR of a device. The

accuracy of the passband shape of the filter is not specified in standards, nor is any method of

evaluating that accuracy. This footnote discusses the performance of the filter in this instru-

ment. The effect of the RRC filter and the effect of the RBW used in the measurement interact.

The analyzer compensates the shape of the RRC filter to accommodate the RBW filter. The

effectiveness of this compensation is summarized in three ways:

− White noise in Adj Ch: The compensated RRC filter nominally has no errors if the adjacent

channel has a spectrum that is flat across its width.

− TOI−induced spectrum: If the spectrum is due to third−order intermodulation, it has a dis-

tinctive shape. The computed errors of the compensated filter are −0.001 dB for the 100 kHz

RBW used for UE testing with the IBW method. It is also −0.001 dB for the 390 kHz RBW

used with the Fast method, and 0.000 dB for the 27 kHz RBW filter used for BTS testing with

the Filtered IBW method. The worst error for RBWs between these extremes is 0.05 dB for a

330 kHz RBW filter.

− rms CW error: This error is a measure of the error in measuring a CW−like

spurious component. It is evaluated by computing the root of the mean of the square of the

power error across all frequencies within the adjacent channel. The computed rms error of the

compensated filter is 0.012 dB for the 100 kHz RBW used for UE testing with the IBW

method. It is 0.034 dB for the 390 kHz RBW used with the Fast method and 0.000 dB for the

27 kHz RBW filter used for BTS testing. The worst error for RBWs between 27 kHz and

470 kHz is 0.057 dB for a 430 kHz RBW filter-like spurious component. It is evaluated by

computing the root of the mean of the square of the power error across all frequencies within

the adjacent channel. The computed rms error of the compensated filter is 0.012 dB for the

100 kHz RBW used for UE testing with the IBW method. It is 0.034 dB for the 390 kHz RBW

used with the Fast method and 0.000 dB for the 27 kHz RBW filter used for BTS testing. The

worst error for RBWs between 27 kHz and 470 kHz is 0.057 dB for a 430 kHz RBW filter.

60 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Case: Radio Std = IS-95 or J-STD-008

Method

ACPR Relative Accuracy

Offsets < 750 kHz Offsets > 1.98 MHz

±0.08 dB ±0.10 dB

RBW method

a. The RBW method measures the power in the adjacent channels within the defined resolution

bandwidth. The noise bandwidth of the RBW filter is nominally 1.055 times the 3.01 dB bandwidth. Therefore, the RBW method will nominally read 0.23 dB higher adjacent channel power than would a measurement using the integration bandwidth method, because the noise bandwidth of the integration bandwidth measurem ent is equal to that integration bandwidth. For cmdaOne ACPR measurements using th e RBW method, the main channel is measured in a 3 MHz RBW, which does not respond to all the power in the carrie r. Therefore, the carrier power is compensated by the expected under-response of the filter to a full width signal, of

0.15 dB. But the adjacent channel power is not compensated for the noise bandwidth ef fect. The reason the adjacent channel is not co mpensated is subtle. The RBW method of measuring ACPR is very similar to the preferred method of making measurements for compliance with FCC requirements, the source of the specifications for the cdmaOne Spur Close specifications. ACPR is a spot measurement of Spur Close, and thus is best done with the RBW method, even though the results will disagree by 0.23 dB from the measurement made with a rectangular passband.

b. The specified ACPR accuracy applies if the measured ACPR substantially exceeds the ana-

lyzer dynamic range at the specified offset. When this condition is not met, there are additional errors due to the addition of analyzer spectral components to UUT spectral components. In the worst case at these offsets, the analyzer spectral components are all coherent with the UUT components; in a more typical case, one third of the analyzer spectral power will be coherent with the distortion components in the UUT. Coherent means that the phases of the UUT distortion components and the analyzer distortion components are in a fixed relationship, and could be perfectly in-phase. This coherence is not intuitive to many users, because the signals themselves are usually pseudo-random; nonetheless, they can be coherent. When the analyzer components are 100% coherent with the UUT components, the errors add in a voltage sense. That error is a function of the signal (UUT ACPR) to noise (analyzer ACPR dynamic range limitation) ratio, SN, in decibels.

The function is error = 20 × log(1 + 10

−SN/20

) For example, if the UUT ACPR is −62 dB and the measurement floor is −82 dB, the SN is 20 dB and the error due to adding the analyzer distortion to that of the UUT is 0.83 dB.

Chapter 1 61

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Fast ACP - Standard Deviat ion vs. Time

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

Nominal M e asurem ent and Tr ansf er Ti m e ( log)

Standard Devi ation (dB)

5 ms 10 ms 20 ms

40 ms

Sweep Time = 6.2 ms

Power Suite Measurements

c. As in footnote b, the specified ACPR accuracy applies if the ACPR measured substantially

exceeds the analyzer dynamic range at the specified offset. When this condition is not met, there are additional errors due to the addition of analyzer spectral components to UUT spectral components. Unlike the situation in footnote b, though, the spectral components from the analyzer will be non-coherent with the components from the UUT. Therefore, the errors add in a power sense. The error is a function of the signal (UUT ACPR) to noise (analyzer ACPR dynamic range limitation) ratio, SN, in decibels.

−SN/10

The function is error = 10 × log(1 + 10

). For example, if the UUT ACPR is −75 dB and the measurement floor is −85 dB, the SN ratio is 10 dB and the error due to adding the analyzer's noise to that of the UUT is 0.41 dB.

Fast ACPR Test [Plota]

a. Observation conditions for ACP speed:

Display Off, signal is Test Model 1 with 64 DPCH, Method set to Fast. Measured with an IBM compatible PC with a 3 GHz Pentium 4 running Windows XP Professional Version

2002. The communications medium was PCI GPIB IEEE 488.2. The Test Application Language was .NET C#. The Application Communication Layer was Agilent T&M Programmer’s Toolkit For Visual Studio (Version 1.1), Agilent I/O Libraries (Version M.01.01.41_beta).

62 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Power Statistics CCDF

Histogram Resolution

0.01 dB

a. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) is a reformatting of a histo-

gram of the power envelope. The width of the amplitude bins used by the histogram is the histogram resolution. The resolution of the CCDF will be the same as the width of those bins.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Burst Power

Methods P ower above threshold

Power within burst width

Results Output power, average

Output power, single burst Maximum power Minimum power within burst Burst width

Chapter 1 63

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Spurious Emissions Table-driven spurious signals;

search across regions

Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W-CDMA

Dynamic Range 1 to 3.6 GHz

Sensitivity, absolute

93.1 dB 98.4 dB (typical)

−79.4 dBm −85.4 dBm (typical)

1 to 3.6 GHz Accuracy

Attenuation = 10 dB Frequency Range 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz

3.5 GHz to 8.4 GHz

8.3 GHz to 13.6 GHz

±0.41 dB (95th Percentile) ±1.22 dB (95th Percentile) ±1.59 dB (95th Percentile)

a. The dynamic is specified with the mixer level at +3 dBm, where up to 1 dB of compression

can occur, degrading accuracy by 1 dB.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Spectrum Emission Mask Table-driven spurious signals;

measurement near carriers

Case: Radio Std = cdma2000

Dynamic Range, relative 750 kHz offset

a b

Sensitivity, absolute 750 kHz offset

Accuracy 750 kHz offset

Relative

Absolute

20 to 30 °C

64 Chapter 1

74.0 dB 81.0 dB (typical)

−94.7 dBm −100.7 dBm (typical)

±0.11 dB

±1.05 dB

±0.34 dB (95th Percentile ≈ 2σ)

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Power Suite Measurements

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Case: Radio Std = 3GPP W−CDMA

Dynamic Range, relative

2.515 MHz offset Sensitivity, absolute

2.515 MHz offset Accuracy

2.515 MHz offset

Relative

Absolute 20 to 30 °C

a d

76.5 dB 83.9 dB (typical)

−94.7 dBm −100.7 dBm (typical)

±0.12 dB

±1.05 dB

±0.34 dB (95th Percentile ≈ 2σ)

a. The dynamic range specification is the ratio of the channel power to the power in the offset

specified. The dynamic range depends on the measurement settings, such as peak power or integrated power. Dynamic range specifications are based on default measurement settings, with detector set to average, and depend on the mixer level. Default measurement settings include 30 kHz RBW.

b. This dynamic range specification applies for the optimum mixer level, which is about

−18 dBm. Mixer level is defined to be the average input power minus the input attenuation.

c. The sensitivity is specified with 0 dB input attenuation. It represents the noise limitations of

the analyzer . It is tested without an input signal. The sensitivity at this of fset is specified in the default 30 kHz RBW, at a center frequency of 2 GHz.

d. The relative accuracy is a measure of the ratio of the power at the offset to the main channel

power. It applies for spectrum emission levels in the offsets that are well above the dynamic range limitation.

e. The absolute accuracy of SEM measurement is the same as the absolute accuracy of the spec-

trum analyzer. See “Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 34 for more information. The numbers shown are for 0 - 3.6 GHz, with attenuation set to 10 dB.

Chapter 1 65

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Options

The following options and applications affect instrument specifications.

Option 503: Frequency range, 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz Option 507: Frequency range, 9 kHz to 7 GHz Option 513: Frequency range, 9 kHz to 13.6 GHz Option 526: Frequency range, 9 kHz to 26.5 GHz Option B25: Analysis bandwidth, 25 MHz Option EA3: Electronic attenuator, 3.6 GHz Option EMC: EMC Precompliance Measurements Option FSA: 2 dB fine step attenuator Option P03: Preamplifier, 3.6 GHz Option PFR: Precision frequency reference Option PC2: Upgrade to dual core processor with removable hard drive Option SSD: Removable solid state drive substitution N6149A: iDEN/WiDEN/MotoTalk measurement application N6153A: DVBT/H measurement application N6156A: DTMB measurement application N9063A: Analog Demodul ation measurement application N9068A: Phase Noise measurement application N9069A: Noise Figure measurement application N9071A: GSM/EDGE measurement application N9072A: cdma2000 measurement application N9073A-1FP: W-CDMA measurement application N9073A-2FP: HSDPA/HSUPA measurement application N9074A: Single Acquisit ion Com bined Fixed WiMAX measurement application N9075A: 802.16 OFDMA measurement application N9076A: 1xEV-DO measurement application N9077A: Single Acquisition Combined WLAN measurement application N9079A: TD-SCDMA measurement application N9080A: LTE measurement application I/Q Analyzer: I/Q Analyzer measurement application 89601X: VXA measurement application

66 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

General

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Calibration Cycle 1 year

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Temperature Range

Operating 5 to 50°CStandard Storage −40 to 65°C

Altitude 3,000 meters (approx. 10,000 feet)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Environmental and Military

Specifications

Description Specifications EMC Complies with European EMC Directive 2004/108/EC

— IEC/EN 61326-1 or IEC/EN 61326-2-1 — C ISPR Pub 11 Group 1, class A

— AS/NZS CISPR 11 — ICES/NMB-001

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001. Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

Test methods are aligned with IEC 60068-2 and levels are similar to MIL-PRF-28800F Class 3.

a. The N9010A/N9020A meets CISPR 11, Class B emissions limits when no USB cable/device

connections are made to the front or rear panel. The N9010A/N9020A is in full compliance with CISPR 11, Class A emissions and is declared as such. Any information regarding the Class B emission performance of the N9010A/N9020A is provided as a convenience to the user and is not intended to be a regulatory declaration.

Chapter 1 67

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

General

Acoustic Noise Emission/Geraeuschemission

LpA <70 dB Operator position Normal position Per ISO 7779

Description Specifications Safety Complies with European Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC

— IEC/EN 61010-1 2nd Edition — Canad a: CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1 — USA: UL 61010-1 2nd Edition1

Description Specification Supplemental Information Power Requirements

Low Range

LpA <70 dB Am Arbeitsplatz Normaler Betrieb Nach DIN 45635 t.19

Voltage 100 to 120 V Frequency Serial Prefix < MY4801,

SG4801, or US4801 Serial Prefix ≥ MY4801,

SG4801, or US4801 High Range Voltage 220 to 240 V Frequency 50/60 Hz Power Consumption, On 270 W Fully loaded with options Power Consumption, Standby 20 W Standby power is not supplied to

50/60 Hz

50/60/400 Hz

frequency reference oscillator.

68 Chapter 1

Description Supplemental Information

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

General

Measurement Speed

Nominal

Standard w/ Option PC2

Local measurement and display update

rate Remote measurement and LAN transfer

rate

11 ms (90/s) 4 ms (250/s)

6 ms (167/s) 5 ms (200/s)

Marker Peak Search 5 ms 1.5 ms Center Frequency Tune and Transfer

22 ms 20 ms

(RF) Center Frequency Tune and Transfer

49 ms 47 ms

(µW) Measurement/Mode Switching 75 ms 39 ms W-CDMA ACLR measurement time

Measurement Time vs. Span

See page 57 See page 26

a. Sweep Points = 101. b. Factory preset, fixed center frequency, RBW = 1 MHz, span >10 MHz and ≤ 600 MHz, stop

frequency ≤ 3.6 GHz, Auto Align Off.

c. Phase Noise Optimization set to Fast Tuning, Display Off, 32 bit integer format, markers Off,

single sweep, measured with IBM compatible PC with 2.99 GHz Pentium® 4 with 2 GB RAM running Windows® XP, Agilent I/O Libraries Suite Version 14.1, one meter GPIB cable, National Instruments PCI-GPIB Card and NI-488.2 DLL.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Display

Resolution 1024 × 768 XGA Size 213 mm (8.4 in) diagonal (nominal) Scale Log Scale 0.1, 0.2, 0.3...1.0, 2.0, 3.0...20 dB per

division Linear Scale 10% of reference level per division Units dBm, dBmV, dBm A, Watts, Volts,

Amps, dBμV, dBμA

Chapter 1 69

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

General

a. The LCD display is manufactured using high precision technology . However , there may be up

to six bright points (white, blue, red or green in color) that constantly appear on the LCD screen. These points are normal in the manufacturing process and do not affect the measurement integrity of the product in any way.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Data Storage

Standard Internal Total Integrated 40 GB HDD 15 GB available on primary partition for

applications and secondary data

Internal User 6 GB available on separate partition for user

data With Option PC2 Internal Total Removable 160 GB HDD 126 GB available on primary partition for

applications and secondary data Internal User 9 GB available on separate partition for user

data With Options SSD Requires Option PC2 Internal Tot al Removable 32 GB solid

state drive

Internal User 2 GB available on separate partition for user

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Weight

(without options) Net 16 kg (35 lbs) (nominal) Shipping 28 kg (62 lbs) (nominal)

14 GB available on primary partition for

applications and secondary data

data

Cabinet Dimensions Cabinet dimensions exclude front and rear

protrusions. Height 177 mm (7.0 in) Width 426 mm (16.8 in) Length 368 mm (14.5 in)

70 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Inputs/Outputs

Front Panel

Description Specifications Supplemental Information RF Input

Connector Standard Type-N female Impedance 50 Ω (nominal)

Inputs/Outputs

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Probe Power

Voltage/Current +15 Vdc, ±7% at 150 mA max (nominal)

−12.6 Vdc, ±10% at 150 mA max (nominal)

GND

Description Specifications Supplemental Information USB 2.0 Ports

Master (2 ports) Connector USB Type “A” (female) Output Current 0.5 A (nominal)

Chapter 1 71

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Inputs/Outputs

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Headphone Jack

Connector 3.5 mm (1/8 inch) miniature

stereo audio jack

Output Power 90 mW per channe l int o 16 Ω (nominal)

Rear Panel

Description Specifications Supplemental Information 10 MHz Out

Connector BNC female Impedance 50 Ω (nominal) Output Amplitude ≥ 0 dBm (nominal) Output Configuration AC coupled, sinusoidal Frequency 10 MHz ±

(10 MHz × frequency reference accuracy)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Ext Ref In

Connector BNC female Note: Analyzer noise sidebands and spurious

response performance may be affected by the quality of the external reference used. See footnote “c” in the phase noise specifications

within the Dynamic Range section. Impedance 50 Ω (nominal) Input Amplitude Range

Sine Wave Square Wave

−5 to +10 dBm (nominal)

0.2 to 1.5 V peak-to-peak (nominal) Input Frequency 10 MHz (nominal) Lock range

±5 × 10 reference input frequency

72 Chapter 1

−6

of selected external

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Inputs/Outputs

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Sync Reserved for future use

Connector BNC female

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Trigger Inputs Either trigger source may be selected.

Trigger 1 In, Trigger 2 In Connector BNC female Impedance 10 kΩ (nominal) Trigger Level Range −5 to +5 V 1.5 V (TTL) factory preset

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Trigger Outputs

Trigger 1 Out, Trigger 2 Out Connector BNC female Impedance 50 Ω (nominal) Level 5 V TTL

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Monitor Output

Connector

Format

Resolution

VGA compatible, 15-pin mini D-SUB

1024 × 768

XGA (60 Hz vertical sync rates, non-interlaced) Analog RGB

Chapter 1 73

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Inputs/Outputs

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Noise Source Drive +28 V (Pulsed)

Connector BNC female

Description Specifications Supplemental Information SNS Series Noise Source For use with Agilent

Technologies SNS Series noise sources

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Digital Bus

Connector MDR-80 This port is intended for use with

the Agilent N5105 and N5106 products only. It is not available for general purpose use.

Description Specifications Supplemental Information Analog Out

Connector BNC female Impedance 50 Ω (nominal)

74 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Description Specifications Supplemental Information USB 2.0 Ports

Master (4 ports) Connector USB Type “A” (female) Output Current 0.5 A (nominal)

Slave (1 port) Connector USB Type “B” (female) Output Current 0.5 A (nominal)

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Inputs/Outputs

GPIB Interface

Connector IEEE-488 bus connector GPIB Codes SH1, AH1, T6, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, C1, C2,

C3 and C28, DT1, L4, C0

Mode Controller or device

Description Specifications Supplemental Information LAN TCP/IP Interface RJ45 Ethertwist 100BaseT (Standard)

or 1000 BaseT (with Option PC2)

Chapter 1 75

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Regulatory Information

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010 2nd ed, and 664 respectively.

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with accepted industry standards, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community (if accompanied by a year, it is the year when the design was proven). This product complies wi t h al l relevant directives.

ICES/NMB-001 “This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.”

“Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB du Canada.”

ISM 1-A (GRP.1 CLASS A)

This is a symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product. (CISPR 11, Clause 4)

The CSA mark is the Canadian Standards Association. This product complies with the relevant safety requirements.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian/New Zealand Spectrum Management Agency. This product complies with the relevant EMC regulations.

This symbol indicates separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment mandated under EU law as of August 13, 2005. All electric and electronic equipment are required to be separated from normal waste for disposal (Reference WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC).

To return unwanted products, contact your local Agilent office, or see

http://www.agilent.com/environment/product/index.shtml for more information.

76 Chapter 1

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Declaration of Conformity

A copy of the Manufacturer’s European Declaration of Conformity for this instrument can be obtained by contacting your local Agilent Technologies sales representative.

Chapter 1 77

Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Declaration of Conformity

78 Chapter 1

2 Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis

Bandwidth

This chapter contains specifications for the Option B25 (25 MHz) Analysis Bandwidth, and for convenience, also has specifications for the standard bandwidths of 10 MHz and below.

Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth

Specification Name Information

IF Frequency Response Specifications presented in the core chapter (“Agilent EXA Signal

Analyzer” on page 13) are redundantly contained within this

chapter. IF Phase Linearity See specifications in this chapter. Spurious Responses The “Spurious Responses” on page 46 still apply. Further,

bandwidth-option-dependent spurious responses are contained

within this chapter. Third-Order Intermodulation, Displayed

Average Noise Level and Phase Noise

The performance of the analyzer will degrade by an unspecified

extent when using wideband analysis. This extent is not substantial

enough to justify statistical process control.

80 Chapter 2

Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications

Description Specification

IF Spurious Response, 25 MHz IF Bandwidth (Option B25)

IF second harmonic

Apparent Freq. (f)

Any on-screen f (f + f

IF conversion image Apparent

Freq. (f)

Any on-screen f 2 × f

−20 dBm High −70 dBc (nominal)

Excitation Freq.

+ 22.5 MHz)/2 −15 dBm Low −54 dBc (nominal)

Excitation Freq.

− f + 45 MHz −10 dBm Low −70 dBc (nominal)

Mixer Level

−25 dBm High −54 dBc (nominal)

Gain

Supplemental

Information

Preamp Off

a. To save test time, the levels of these spurs are not warranted. However, the relationship

between the spurious response and its excitation is described so the user can distinguish whether a questionable response is due to these mechanisms or is subject to the specifications in “Spurious Responses” in the core specifications. f is the apparent frequency of the spurious,

fc is the measurement center frequency. b. Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation. c. The spurious response specifications only apply with the preamp turned off. When the preamp

is turned on, performance is nominally the same as long as the mixer level is interpreted to be:

Mixer Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation − Preamp Gain d. IF second harmonic significant only for Pre-FFT BW ≥10 MHz. e. IF conver sion image significant only for Pre-FFT BW ≥10 MHz.

Chapter 2 81

Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information SFDR (Spurious-Free Dynamic Range)

Signal Frequency within ±12 MHz of center –75 dBc Signal Frequency anywhere within analysis BW –70 dBc (nominal)

Test conditions

a. Signal level is –6 dB relative to dBfs where: FS = –10 dBm at mixer, IF Gain = 0..

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

IF Frequency Response

Demodulation and FFT response relative to the center frequency

Freq (GHz)

≤ 3.6 ≤ 10 0.40 dB 0.12 dB 0.10 0.03 dB

3.6 to 26.5 ≤ 10 0.25 dB

FFT Width (MHz)

Max Errorc

(Exceptions

Percentile

Midwidth

)

Error

Slope (dB/MHz)

Rms (nominal)

≤ 3.6 10, ≤ 25 0.45 dB 0.12 dB 0.05 0.04 dB

3.6 to 26.5 10, ≤ 25 0.80 dB

a. The IF frequency response includes effects due to RF circuits such as input filters, that are a

function of RF frequency, in addition to the IF pass-band effects.

b. This column applies to the instantaneous analysis bandwidth in use. The range available

depends on the hardware options and the Mode. The Spectrum analyzer Mode does not allow all bandwidths. The I/Q Analyzer is an example of a mode that does allow all bandwidths.

c. The maximum error at an offset (f) from the center of the FFT width is given by the expres-

sion

± [Midwidth Error + (f ×Slope)], but never exceeds ±Max Error. Usually, the span is no

larger than the FFT width in which case the center of the FFT width is the center frequency of the analyzer . When the analyzer span is w ider than the FFT width, the span i s made up of multiple concatenated FFT results, and thus has multiple centers of FFT widths so the f in the equation is the offset from the nearest center. These specifications include the ef fect of RF frequency response as well as IF frequency response at the worst case center frequency. Performance is nominally three times better at most center frequencies.

d. The specification does not apply for frequencies greater than 3.6 MHz from the center in FFT

widths of 7.2 to 8 MHz.

e. The “RMS” nominal performance is the standard deviation of the response relative to the cen-

82 Chapter 2

Description Specification Supplemental Information

IF Phase Linearity

Relative to mean phase linearity

Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications

Freq (GHz)

Span (MHz)

Peak (nominal)

rms (nominal)

≤ 3.6 ≤ 10 ±0.5 deg 0.2 deg

3.6 to 26.5 ≤ 10 ±1.5 deg 0.4 deg

a. The listed performance is the r.m.s. of the phase deviation relative to the a best-fit linear phase

condition, where the r.m.s. is computed over the range of offset frequencies and center fre-

quencies shown.

Chapter 2 83

Option B25 (25 MHz) - Analysis Bandwidth

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications

84 Chapter 2

3 Option EA3 -

Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

This chapter contains specifications for the Option EA3 Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz.

Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Specifications Affected by Electronic Attenuator

Specification Name Information

Frequency Range See “Range (Frequency and Attenuation)” on page 87.

1 dB Gain Compression Point See “Distortions and Noise” on page 88.

Displayed Average Noise Level See “Distortions and Noise” on page 88.

Frequency Response S ee “Frequency Response” on page 89.

Attenuator Switching Uncertainty The recommended operation of the electronic attenuator is with the

reference setting (10 dB) of the mechanical attenuator. In this operating condition, the Attenuator Switching Uncertainty specification of the mechanical attenuator in the core specifications does not apply, and any switching uncertainty of the electronic attenuator is included within the “Electronic Attenuator Switching

Uncertainty” on page 89.

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy Use “Frequency” specifications from this chapter and the formula

from the ““Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 34 of the core specifications.

Second Harmonic Distortion See “Distortions and Noise” on page 88.

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion See “Distortions and Noise” on page 88.

86 Chapter 3

Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Range (Frequency and Attenuation)

Frequency Range 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz

Attenuation Range Electronic Attenuator Range 0 to 24 dB, 1 dB steps Calibrated Range 0 to 24 dB, 2 dB steps Electronic attenuator is

calibrated with 10 dB mechanical attenuation

Full Attenuation Range 0 to 84 dB, 1 dB steps Sum of electronic and

mechanical attenuation

Chapter 3 87

Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Distortions and Noise When using the electronic attenuator, the

mechanical attenuator is also in-circuit. The full mechanical attenuator range is available

1 dB Gain Compression Point The 1 dB compression point will be nominally

higher with the electronic attenuator “Enabled” than with it not Enabled by the loss high settings of electronic attenuation

Displayed Average Noise Level Instrument Displayed Average Noise Level will

nominally be worse with the electronic attenuator “Enabled” than with it not Enabled by the loss

Second Harmonic Distortion Instrument Second Harmonic Distortion will

nominally be better in terms of the second harmonic intercept (SHI) with the electronic attenuator “Enabled” than with it not Enabled by

the loss

, except with

Third-order Intermodulation Distortion

Instrument TOI will nominally be better with the electronic attenuator “Enabled” than with it not

Enabled by the loss high attenuation setting and high signal frequency

except for the combination of

a. The electronic attenuator is calibrated for its frequency response only with the mechanical

attenuator set to its preferred setting of 10 dB.

b. The loss of the electronic attenuator is nominally given by its attenuation plus its excess loss.

That excess loss is nominally 2 dB from 0 − 500 MHz and increases by nominally another 1 dB/GHz for frequencies above 500 MHz.

c. An additional compression mechanism is present at high electronic attenuator settings. The

mechanism gives nominally 1 dB compression at +20 dBm at the internal electronic attenuator input. The compression threshold at the RF input is higher than that at the internal electronic attenuator input by the mechanical attenuation. The mechanism has negligible effect for electronic attenuations of 0 through 14 dB.

d. The TOI performance improvement due to electronic attenuator loss is limited at high fre-

quencies, such that the TOI reaches a limit of nominally +45 dBm at 3.6 GHz, with the preferred mechanical attenuator setting of 10 dB, and the maximum electronic attenuation of 24 dB. The TOI will change in direct proportion to changes in mechanical attenuation.

88 Chapter 3

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Response

Maximum error relative to reference condition (50 MHz)

Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications

20 to 30 °C 5 to 50 °C

Attenuation = 4 to 24 dB, even steps

9 kHz to 10 MHz ±0.75 dB ±0.90 dB ±0.32 dB 10 MHz to 50 MHz ±0.65 dB ±0.69 dB ±0.27 dB 50 MHz to 2.2 GHz ±0.48 dB ±0.60 dB ±0.19 dB

2.2 GHz to 3.6 GHz ±0.55 dB ±0.67 dB ±0.20 dB

Attenuation = 0, 1, 2 and odd steps, 3 to 23 dB

10 MHz to 3.6 GHz ±0.30 dB

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Electronic Attenuator Switching Uncertainty

Percentile (≈2σ)

Er r or r e lat i ve t o ref e ren c e condition (50 MHz, 10 dB mechanical attenuation, 10 dB electronic attenuation)

Attenuation = 0 to 24 dB 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz

See note

a. The specification is ±0.14 dB. Note that this small relative uncertainty does not apply in esti-

mating absolute amplitude accuracy . It is included within the absolute amplitude accuracy for

measurements done with the electronic attenuator. (Measurements made without the elec-

tronic attenuator are treated differently; the absolute amplitude accuracy specification for

these measurements does not include attenuator switching uncertainty.)

Chapter 3 89

Option EA3 - Electronic Attenuator, 3.6 GHz

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications

90 Chapter 3

4 Option P03 - Preamplifier

This chapter contains specifications for the EXA Signal Analyzer Option P03 preamplifier.

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Specifications Affected by Preamp

Specification Name Information

Frequency Range See “Frequency Range” on page 15 of the core specifications. Nominal Dynamic Range vs.

Offset Frequency vs. RBW Measurement Range The measurement range depends on DANL.

Gain Compression See specifications in this chapter. DANL See specifications in this chapter. Frequency Response See specifications in this chapter. Absolute Amplitude Accuracy See ““Absolute Amplitude Accuracy” on page 34 of the core

Does not apply with Preamp On.

See “Amplitude Accuracy and Range” on page 29.

specifications.

RF Input VSWR See plot in this chapter.

Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty

Display Scale Fidelity See “Display Scale Fidelity” on page 39 of the core specifications.

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion

Other Input Related Spurious See “Spurious Responses” on page 46 of the core specifications.

Dynamic Range See plot in this chapter.

Gain See “Preamp” specifications in this chapter.

Noise Figure See “Preamp” specifications in this chapter.

See “Input Attenuation Switching Uncertainty” on page 33 of the core specifications.

See specifications in this chapter.

92 Chapter 4

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Preamp (Option P03)

Gain

100 kHz to 3.6 GHz +20 dB (nominal)

Noise figure

100 kHz to 3.6 GHz 15 dB (nominal)

a. The preamp follows the input attenuator, AC/DC coupling switch, and precedes the input mixer. In

low-band, it follows the 3.6 GHz low-pass filter. b. Preamp Gain directly affects distortion and noise performance, but it also affects the range of levels that

are free of final IF overload. The user interface has a designed relationship between input attenuation

and reference level to prevent on-screen signal levels from causing final IF overloads. That design is

based on the maximum preamp gains shown. Actual preamp gains are modestly lower, by up to nomi-

nally 5 dB for frequencies from 100 kHz to 3.6 GHz.

Maximum

Chapter 4 93

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

1 dB Gain Compression Point (Two-tone)

Preamp On (Option P03) Maximum power at the

preamp

for 1 dB gain compression

10 MHz to 3.6 GHz −10 dBm (nominal)

a. Large signals, even at frequencies not shown on the screen, can cause the analyzer to mismeasure

on-screen signals because of two-tone gain compression. This specification tells how large an interfering signal must be in order to cause a 1 dB change in an on-screen signal.

b. Reference level and off-screen performance: The reference level (RL) behavior differs from some ear-

lier analyzers in a way that makes this analyzer more flexible. In other analyzers, the RL controlled how the measurement was performed as well as how it was displayed. Because the logarithmic amplifier in these analyzers had both range and resolution limitations, this behavior was necessary for optimum measurement accuracy. The logarithmic amplifier in this signal analyzer, however, is implemented digitally such that the range and resolution greatly exceed other instrument limitations. Because of this, the analyzer can make measurements largely independent of the setting of the RL without compromising accuracy. Because the RL becomes a display function, not a measurement function, a marker can read out results that are off-screen, either above or below, without any change in accuracy. The only exception to the independence of RL and the way in which the measurement is performed is in the input attenuation setting: When the input attenuation is set to auto, the rules for the determination of the input attenuation include dependence on the reference level. Because the input attenuation setting controls the trade-off between large signal behaviors (third-order intermodulation and compression) and small signal effects (noise), the measurement results can change with RL changes when the input attenuation is set to auto.

c. Total power at the preamp (dBm) = total power at the input (dBm) − input attenuation (dB).

94 Chapter 4

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) − Preamp On

(Option P03)

Input terminated, Sample or Average detector Averaging type = Log 0 dB input attenuation

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

IF Gain = Any setting 1 Hz Resolution Bandwidth Preamp On

20 to 30 °C 5 to 50 °CTypical Nominal

Option P03

100 kHz to 1 MHz

−146 dBm

1 MHz to 10 MHz −161 dBm 10 MHz to 2.1 GHz −161 dBm −159 dBm −163 dBm

2.1 GHz to 3.6 GHz −160 dBm −158 dBm −162 dBm

a. DANL for zero span and swept is normalized in two ways and for two reasons. DANL is measured in a

1 kHz RBW and normalized to the narrowest available RBW, because the noise figure does not depend on RBW and 1 kHz measurements are faster. The second normalization is that DANL is measured with 10 dB input attenuation and normalized to the 0 dB input attenuation case, because that makes DANL and third order intermodulation test conditions congruent, allowing accurate dynamic range estimation for the analyzer.

b. Specifications apply only when the Phase Noise Optimization control is set to “Best Phase Noise at off-

set > 30 kHz.”

Chapter 4 95

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Frequency Response − Preamp On

(Option P03)

Refer to the footnote for

Band Overlaps on page 15.

Maximum error relative to reference condition (50 MHz)

Input attenuation 0 dB Swept operation

20 to 30 °C 5 to 50 °C

Percentile (≈2σ)

20 to 30 °C

100 kHz to 3.6 GHz

±0.28 dB (nominal)

a. For Sweep Type = FFT, add the RF flatness errors of this table to the IF Frequency Response errors. An

additional error source, the error in switching between swept and FFT sweep types, is nominally ±0.01 dB and is included within the “Absolute Amplitude Error” specifications.

b. Electronic attenuator (Option EA3) may not be used with preamp on.

96 Chapter 4

Nominal VSWR − Preamp On (Plot)

VSW R vs. F req uency , 3 Units, Preamp On, 0 dB Attenuation

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

GHz

VSWR

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Description Specifications Supplemental Information

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion

Tone separation 5 times IF Prefilter Bandwidth

Sweep type not set to FFT

Preamp On

(Option P03)

Preamp

Level

30 MHz to 3.6 GHz −45 dBm −90 dBc 0.0 dBm

a. See the IF Prefilter Bandwidth table in the specifications for “Gain Compression” on page 42. When

the tone separation condition is met, the effect on TOI of the setting of IF Gain is negligible. b. Preamp Level = Input Level − Input Attenuation. c. TOI = third order intercept. The TOI is given by the preamplifier input tone level (in dBc) minus (dis-

tortion/2) where distortion is the relative level of the distortion tones in dBc.

Chapter 4 97

Distortion

(nominal)

TOI

(nominal)

Option P03 - Preamplifier

Other Preamp Specifications

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz, Preamp On (Plot)

98 Chapter 4

5 Option PFR - Precision Frequency

Reference

This chapter contains specifications for the Option PFR Precision Frequency Reference.

Option PFR - Precision Frequency Reference

Specifications Affected by Precision Frequency Reference

Specification Name Information

Precision Frequency Reference See “Precision Frequency Reference” on page 18 in the core

specifications.

100 Chapter 5

Agilent Technologies N9010A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Trademark Acknowledgements

Notice

Warranty

Where to Find the Latest Information

Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URLs:

http://www.agilent.com/find/exa

To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Agilent Email Updates:

http://www.agilent.com/find/emailupdates

Information on preventing analyzer damage can be found at:

http://www.agilent.com/find/tips

1 Agilent EXA Signal Analyzer

Definitions and Requirements

Definitions

Conditions Required to Meet Specifications

Certification

Frequency and Time

Band

Frequency Readout Accuracy ±(marker freq. × freq. ref. accy. + 0.25%

Frequency Counter

Nominal Measurement Time vs. Span [Plot]

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW)

Analysis Bandwidth

Amplitude Accuracy and Range

Measurement Range Displayed Average Noise Level to +23 dBm

Marker Readout

Frequency Response

IF Frequency Response

Nominal VSWR [Plot]

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty

Reference Level

Display Scale Fidelity

Dynamic Range

Gain Compression

Displayed Average Noise Level

Spurious Responses

Second Harmonic Distortion

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz [Plot]

Nominal Dynamic Range Bands 1-4 [Plot]

Nominal Dynamic Range vs. Offset Frequency vs. RBW [Plot]

Phase Noise

Nominal Phase Noise of Different LO Optimizations

Nominal Phase Noise at Different Center Frequencies

Power Suite Measurements

Options

General

Inputs/Outputs

Front Panel

Rear Panel

Regulatory Information

Declaration of Conformity

Specifications Affected by Analysis Bandwidth

Other Analysis Bandwidth Specifications

IF Spurious Response, 25 MHz IF Bandwidth (Option B25)

IF Frequency Response

IF Phase Linearity

Specifications Affected by Electronic Attenuator

Other Electronic Attenuator Specifications

Range (Frequency and Attenuation)

Distortions and Noise When using the electronic attenuator, the

Frequency Response

Electronic Attenuator Switching Uncertainty

4 Option P03 - Preamplifier

Specifications Affected by Preamp

Other Preamp Specifications

Preamp (Option P03)

Gain

Noise figure

1 dB Gain Compression Point (Two-tone)

Third Order Intermodulation Distortion

Nominal Dynamic Range at 1 GHz, Preamp On (Plot)

Specifications Affected by Precision Frequency Reference