HP 8920A & HP 8920B
RF Communications Test Set,
Application Handbook
POWE
OF O
!
MAX POWER
SCREEN CONTROL
DATA FUNCTIONS
USER
k1’
REF
INCR
k1
k2’
LO HI
k2
k3’
k3
ASSIG
k4
RELEA
k5
SHIFT
CANCE
MIC/
!
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
HP Part No. 08920-90212
Printed in U. S. A.
May 1997
Rev B
CONFIHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLETXRX PREV TESTS
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR
CURSOR CON-
PUSH TO
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECAL
DATA
789
456
123
+
0
NO
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO SQUELCVOL-
MAX
!
MEAS
PRESE
ENTER
dB
GHz
%
MHz
s
kHz
_
Hzms% Ωppm
MEMO
AUDIO IN
LOHI
MAX
!
1
Copyright © Hewlett-Packard Company 1996
Notice Information contained in this document is subject to change without
notice.
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without
prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the
copyright laws.
This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government
pursuant to the Copyright License under the clause at DFARS 52.2277013 (APR 1988).
Hewlett-Packard Company
Learning Products Department
24001 E. Mission
Liberty Lake, WA 99019-9599
U.S.A.
2
Manufacturer’s Declaration
This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the
German Sound Emission Di rective, fr om 18 January 1991. This p roduct
has a sound pressure emission (at the operator position) < 70 dB(A).
• Sound Pressure Lp < 70 dB(A).
• At Operator Position.
• Normal Operation.
• According to ISO 7779:1988/EN 27779:1991 (Type Test).
Herstellerbescheinigung
Diese Information ste ht im Zusammen hang mit de n Anforderu ngen der
Maschinenlärminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.
• Schalldruckpegel Lp < 70 dB(A).
• Am Arbeitsplatz.
• Normaler Betrieb.
• Nach ISO 7779:1988/EN 27779:1991 (Typprüfung).
3
Safety
Considerations
GENERAL
This product and related documentation must be reviewed for
familiarizat ion with safety markings and instructions before operation.
This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective
earth terminal).
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
A unterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main
power source to the product input wiring terminals, power cord, or
supplied power cord set.
CHASSIS GROUND TERMINAL
To prevent a potential shock hazard, always connect the rear-panel
chassis ground termi nal to eart h ground when o perating this inst rument
from a dc power source.
SAFETY SYMBOLS
Indicates instrument damage can occur if indi cated op erati ng limits ar e
!
exceeded.
Indicates hazardous voltages.
Indicates earth (ground) terminal
WARNING A WARNING note denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could
result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until
the indicated conditions are fully understood and me t.
4
CAUTION A CAUTION note denotes a hazard. It calls attentionto an operation procedu re,
practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to , could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed
beyond an CAUTION note until the indicated conditions are fully understood
and met.
Safety Considerations for this Instrument
WARNING Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor (inside
or outside the instrument) or disconnection of the protective
earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could
result in personal injury. (Grounding one connector of a two
conductor outlet is not sufficient protection.)
Whenever it likely that the protection has been impaired, the
instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any
unintended operation.
If this instrument is to be energized via an auto transformer (for
voltage reduction), make sure the common terminal is connected
to the earth terminal of the power source.
Servicing instructions are for use by service trained personnel
only. To avoid dangerous electric shock, do not perform any
servicing unless qualified to do so.
Adjustments described in the manual are performed with power
supplied to the instrument while protective covers are removed.
Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in
personal injury.
Capacitors inside the instrument may still b e charged even if the
instrument has been disconnected from its source of supply.
For Continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line
fuse(s) only with 250 V fuse(s) or the same current rating and
type (for example, normal blow or time delay). Do no t use
repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders.
5
WARNING Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this product. Fail-
ure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause
product damage.
This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and
Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and IEC 664 respectively. For
indoor use only.
This product has autoranging line voltage input, be sure the
supply voltage is within the specified range.
To prevent electrical shock, disconnect instrument from mains
(line) before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened
with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to
clean internally.
Ventilation Requirements: When installing the product in a
cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be
restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be
less than the maximum operating temperature o f the product by
4° C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total
power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then
forced convection must be used.
Product Markings CE - the CE markis regist ered t rademar k of th e Europe an Community .
A CE mark accompanied by a year indicated the year the design was
proven.
CSA - the CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian
Standards Association.
6
CERTIFICATION Hewlett-Packard Company certif i es that this product met its publi she d
specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard
further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the
United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the
extent allow ed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the
calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization
members
Hewett-Packard Warranty Statement for Commercial Products
HP 8920A RF
Communications
Test Set
Duration of
Warranty: 1 year
1. HP warrants HP hardware, accessories and supplies against defects in
materials and workmanship for the period specified above. If HP receives
notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will, at its option,
either repair or replace products which pro ve to be defective. Rep lacement
products may be either new or like-new.
2 HP warrants that HP software will not fail to execute its programming in-
structions, for the period specified above, due to defects in material and
workmanship when properly installed and used. If HP receives notice of
such defects during the warranty period, HP will replace software media
which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects.
3. HP does not warrant that the operation of HP products will be uninterrup ted
or error free. If HP is unable, within a reasonable time, to rep air or replace
any product to a condition as warranted, customer will be entitled to a
refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product.
4 HP products may contain reman ufactured parts equival ent to new in perfor-
mance or may have been subject to incidental use.
5. The warranty period begins on the date of delivery or on the date of
installation if installed by HP. If custom er schedules or delays HP
installation more than 30 days after delivery, warranty b egins on the 31st
day from delivery.
7
6 Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from (a) improper or inade-
quate maintenance or calibration, (b) software, interfacing, parts or supplies
not supplied by HP, (c) unauthor ized modi fication or misuse, (d) operation
outside of the published environmental specifications for the pr oduct, or (e)
improper site preparation or maintenance.
7 TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE ABOVE WAR-
RANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTYOR CONDITION, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL IS EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED AND HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OR MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
8 HP will be liable for damage to tangible property per incident up to the
greater of $300,000 or the actual amount paid for the product that is the subject of the claim, and for damages for bodily injury or death, to the extent
that all such damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction
to have been directly caused by a defective HP product.
9. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, THE REMEDIES IN
THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER’S SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE, IN NO
EVENT WILL HP OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF
DATA OR FOR DIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA), OR
OTHER DAMAGE, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR
OTHERWISE.
FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW
ZEALAND: THE WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS
STATEMENT, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED, DO NOT EXCLUDE RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE IN
ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU.
8
In this Book This book is a guide for performing common radio tests using the Test
Set. This guide contains the following chapters and appendices.
Chapter 1, Getting Started With The Test Set
This chapter contains a description of the manual contents, a general
description of the Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear
panel controls, indicators, and connectors.
Chapter 2, Measurement Considerations
This chapter contains a description of guidelines that must be adhere to
when performing the measurements with the Test Set.
Chapter 3, T esting FM Radios
This chapter contains the information req uired to use the Test Set to
perform FM Transmitter and Receiver measurements.
Chapter 4, Testing AM Radios
This chapter contains the information req uired to use the Test Set to
perform AM Transmitter and Receiver measurements.
Chapter 5, Te sting SSB Radios
This chapter contains the information req uired to use the Test Set to
perform SSB Transmitter and Receiver measurements.
Chapter 6, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements
This chapter contains the information about system measurements using the
Spectrum Analyzer and Tracking Generator.
Chapter 7, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements
This chapter contains the information about system measurements using the
Spectrum Analyzer and Tracking Generator.
Chapter 7, Oscilloscope Measurements
This chapter contains the information about system measurements using the
Oscilloscope.
9
Chapter 8, Configuring For Measurements
This chapter contains the information required to install the Test Set in
preparation of performing measurements. Information provided includes
instructions for power and printer connection, and initial power-up and
configuration.
Chapter 9, References
This chapter lists any manuals, application notes, specifications, and
standards referenced in this guide.
Chapter 10, HP 8920A Specifications
This chapter provides abbreviated specifications for the HP 8920A.
Chapter 11, HP 8920B Specifications
This chapter provides abbreviated specifications for the HP 8920B.
Glossary
This information lists the acronyms, abbreviations, and common terms used
in this guide.
10
Contents
1 Getting Started With The Test Set
Conventions Used In This Manual 24
Product Description 25
The Test Set’s Features 28
11
Contents
2 Measurements Considerations
Measurement Guideline 1 44
Measurement Guideline 2 45
Measurement Guideline 3 46
Measurement Guideline 4 48
12
Contents
3 Testing FM Radios
Introduction 50
List of Tests 51
FM Transmitters 52
FM Receivers 79
13
Contents
4 Testing AM Radios
Introduction 116
List of Tests 117
AM Transmitters 118
AM Receivers 136
14
Contents
5 Testing SSB Radios
Introduction 160
List of Tests 161
SSB Transm itters 1 62
SSB Receivers 173
15
Contents
6 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements
Introduction 186
List of Measurements 187
Using the Spectrum Analyzer 188
Using the Tracking Generator 203
16
Contents
7 Oscilloscope Measurements
Introduction 232
Using the Oscilloscope 233
17
Contents
8 Configuring for Measurements
Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation 242
18
Contents
9 References
Manuals 248
Application Note 249
Specifications and Standards 250
19
Contents
10 HP 8920A Specifications
Signal Generator Specifications 253
Audio Source Specifications 259
RF Analyzer Specifications 260
AF Analyzer Specifications 266
Oscilloscope Specifications 269
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) 270
Signaling (Option 004) 274
20
DC Current Meter (Option 103) 275
Remote Programming (Option 103) 276
Reference Oscillator Specifications 277
Save/Recall Registers 278
General Specifications 279
Contents
11 HP 8920B Specifications
Signal Generator Specifications 283
Audio Source Specifications 289
RF Analyzer Specifications 290
AF Analyzer Specifications 295
Oscilloscope Specifications 298
Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) 299
Signaling (Option 004) 302
DC Current Meter 303
Remote Programming 304
Memory Card Specifications 305
Reference Oscillator Specifications 306
General Specifications 307
21
Contents
22
1
Getting Started With The Test Set
This chapter provides the user with a general introduction to the
instrument. Information provided includes a general description of the
Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear panel features.
23
Conventions Used In This Manual
Conventions Used In This Manual
The Test Set keys, screen ti tl es , fi elds, and shifted functions ar e shown
using the following conventions: (Refer to the RX TEST screen and
the instrument front panel.)
• Screen titles are shown in bold upper-case type −RX TEST
• Field names and some measurements (such as AC Level) are indicated in
lowercase bold type −RF Gen Freq
• The contents of a field, and some measurements (such as SINAD) are
shown in italics – −100.000000 or underlined – RF In
• Key caps are shown in all capital letters − PRESET
• The SHIFT key is pressed and released to access the blue-labeled functions
printed above the keys. When a SHIFTed function is called-out in this manual, the use of the SHIFT key is assumed and is not usually indicated. The
function to be accessed is shown in boxed italics text upper-case letters:
MSSG.
24
Product Description
The Test Set is a single instrument that combines the features of 22
individual radio test instruments. The Test Set is designed to meet the
communication test needs of both service and manufacturing
environments, and the capability to test land mobile radios, cellular
phones, and various other communications systems.
Test and troubleshooting time is decreased by simplifying standard
measurement tasks and providing the required measurement capability
in a single instrument. Transmitters and receivers are characterized
with single-key RX, TX and duplex tests . Each of t hese t ests d ispla ys a
specialized screen that provides access to the necessary controls and
measurement results. Measured results may be displayed as digital
readouts and/or bar graphs. All settings and measurements are easily
accessed and changed using the front-panel knob and keys. If desired,
all settings can be saved in nonvolatile save/recall registers for future
access.
Product Description
The various ports on the Test Set allow the receiver/transmitter being
tested to be quickly connected. A receiver with 2
(typically <1
µV) is available through the ANT IN port, for off-the-air
µV sensitivity
monitoring of low-level signals. Transmitter measurements of highpower signals of up to 100 W intermittently (for 10 seconds) or 60 W
continuous can be performed without the use of external attenuators.
25
Product Description
Features
The features currently available for the Test Set include:
• Synthesized AM/FM signal generator to 1000 MHz
• Function generator (HP 8920A option)
• AM/FM modulation analyzer
• Duplex offset generator
• Signalling encoder and decoder (HP 8920A option)
• SSB demodulator
• RF power meter
• RF frequency counter/frequency error meter
• Audio frequency counter
• AF power meter
• AC/DC voltmeter
• DC current meter (HP 8920A option)
• SINAD meter
• Distortion meter
• Two variable audio sources
• Digital oscilloscope
• Spectrum analyzer and tracking generator (optional)
V sensitivity (typically <1 µV)
•2 µ
• Cellular-phone test capability (optional)
• Built-in I-BASIC controller
• HP-IB/RS-232 interface buses for remote programming (optional)
• Radio test software (optional)
• Radio interface card (HP 8920A option)
• Adjacent channel power
26
Specifications
Product Description
Abbreviated specifications for the Test Set are provided in "HP 8920A
Specifications" on page 251
and "HP 8920B Specifications" on page 281.
See the HP 8920A /B RF Communications Test Set Assembly Level
Repair Guide for a complete list of specifications.
27
The Test Set’s Features
The Test Set’s Features
This section contains a brief description of the Test Set’s keys,
connectors, cont rols, and scre ens . Ad dit ional operating i nf ormation for
all keys, connectors, controls, and screens can be found in the Test
Set’s user guide.
Feature Contents
"The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features" on page 29.
• "Screens" on page 29.
• "Data Function Keys" on page 33.
• "Knobs" on page 34.
• "Screen Control Keys" on page 35.
• "Instrument State Keys" on page 36.
• "Data Keys" on page 37.
• "Connectors" on page 38.
• "Non-Bracketed Keys and Memory Card Slot" on page 39.
28
"The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features" on page 40
• "Connectors" on page 40.
• "Key and Fuse Holders" on page 41.
The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features
The Test Set’s Features
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
SHIFT
!
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
INCR X10
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECALL
789
456
123
+
0
ON/OFF
YES
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
MEAS
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
AUDIO IN
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
Screens
The CRT displays the various test screens, measurement results,
waveforms, and messages. The a brief description is provided in the
following:
• “Screens that are Standard to the Test Set” on page 30.
• “Screens that Require an Option” on page 31.
• “Screens that Require an Optional Instrument” on page 31.
29
The Test Set’s Features
Screens that are Standard to the Test Set
•RX Test − receiver test screen with RF and audio output controls and
receiver measurement results.
•TX Test − transmitter tes t screen with RF and audio input/output controls
and transmitter measurement results.
•Duplex Test − transmitter and receiver simultaneous test screen with RF
and audio input/output controls and transmitter and receiver measurement
results.
•Tests − access to creation, editing, copying, and execution of automated test
programs loaded from Memory Cards, internal R OM/RAM, or an exter nal
disk drive.
•RF Generator − used to control and display the RF and modulat ion signal s.
• RF Analyzer − used to process and display RF signal measurements.
• AF Analyzer − used to process and display audio signal measurements.
• Oscilloscope − used to display the oscilloscope measurement function, with
vertical, time, trigger, and marker controls.
• Configure − used to control the various functions including date, screen
intensity, various RF controls, etc.
• I/OConfigure − used to control the various functions including HP-IB,
serial parameter, etc.
• Print Configure − used to setup a printer.
• Adjacent Channel Power − used to control measuring power of signals at a
specific channel spacing above and below the RF Analyzer’s center
frequency.
30
The Test Set’s Features
Screens that Require an Option
• Spectrum Analyzer − used to display the spectrum analyzer measurement
function, with center frequency, span, reference level, marker, and tracking
generator controls.
•Encoder − used to display the signalling enco der function, with function
generator, tone sequence, DTMF, CDCSS, digital paging, cellular and LTR
and EDACS trunking subscreens.
• Decoder − used to display the decoded data signalling with function
generator, tone sequence, DTMF, CDCSS, digital paging, cellular and LTR
and EDACS trunking subscreens.
• Radio Interface − used to control the various fu nctions of th e optional rad io
interface.
• Call Control − used to test AMPS TACS Cellular radios.
Screens that Require an Optional Instrument
• TDMA Test
• PDC Test
• PHP Test
• CDMA Test
• CDMA Analyzer
• CDMA Generator
•Code Domain
• Call Control
31
The Test Set’s Features
User Keys
K1
REF SET
k1
K2
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
K3
k3
k4
k5
CANCELSHIFT
DATA FUNCTION S
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
CURSOR CONTR OL
PUSH TO SELECT
AVG
INCR
X10
7
4
1
0
YES
ON/OFF
USER
ASSIGN
RELEASE
User k1 - k5 keys − referred to as local keys, these keys enable you to
instantly enabl e a fiel d for f ast o r rep etit ive a cce ss. Loc al key s func ti on
for fields on the screen being displayed only.
User k1’ - k3’ keys
− referred to as global keys, these keys enable you
to display and control a field from another screen while viewing
another screen.
To Assign a User Key
Select the screen which the desired field is on.
1.
2. Position the cursor at the desired field using the Knob.
3. Press the ASSIGN key.
4. Press the desired k1-k5 or k1’-k3’ key.
32
To Un-assign a User Key
Select the screen which the desired field is on.
1.
2. Position the cursor at the desired field using the Knob.
3. Press and release the SHIFT key.
Press the RELEASE key.
4.
5. Press the ENTER key.
The Test Set’s Features
Data Function Keys
DATA FUNCTIONS
USER
K1
REF SET
METER
k1
K2
k2
K3
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
INCR
: 10
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
CANCELSHIFT
INCR
SET
PUSH TO SELECT
AVG
INCR
X10
7
4
1
0
YES
ON/OFF
• The INCR ÷ 10, INCR SET, and INCR X10 keys change the increment/
decrement field value (units, tens, hundreds, etc).
• The keys increment/decrement field values, select among
various field choices, or move the cursor within fields.
• The LO LIMIT and HI LIMIT keys set measurement limits for PASS/FAIL
indications.
• The REF SET key sets or removes a measurement reference for relative
AF and RF measurements.
• The METER key enables/disables the analog bar-graph meter.
• The AVG key enables/disables measurement averaging.
33
The Test Set’s Features
U
Knobs
K1
REF SET
k1
K2
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
K3
k3
k4
k5
CANCELSHIFT
DATA FUNCTION S
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
CURSOR CONTR OL
PUSH TO SELECT
AVG
INCR
X10
SQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
7
4
1
0
YES
ON/OFF
A
OUT
USER
ASSIGN
RELEASE
ANT IN
The Cursor Control Knob
• Moves the cursor to another field (rotate CW/CCW).
• Selects fields, screens, and settings from a list of choices. (push).
• Increments and decrements numeric field values (push to select, rotate the
knob to increment or decrement the value, then push again to enter).
Volume and Squelch Knobs
VOLUME Control − adjusts the speaker volume for monitoring.
SQUELCH Control
− adjusts the squelch threshold for AM, FM, or
SSB signals.
34
Screen Control Keys
The Test Set’s Features
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONSUSER DATA
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
LOCAL
RECALL
SAVE
MEAS
RESET
These keys are used to access several instrument control and
information screens.
•RX key − displays the RX TEST screen for test of receivers.
•TX key − displays the TX TEST screen for test of transmitters.
• DUPLEX key − displays the DUPLEX TEST screen for simultaneous test
of transmitters/receivers.
•PREV key − returns the display to the previous screen.
• TESTS key − displays the TESTS (MAIN) screen used to access automated
test program functions.
•MSSG key − displays any error or operation messages since power-up.
• HELP key − displays the HELP screen that provides operating assistance.
• CONFIG key − displays the CO NFIGURE screen d efining genera l
operating functions.
• HOLD key − stops all measurements. Selecting again resumes
measurement.
•PRINT key − prints the entire contents of the displayed screen, the time and
date, and any previously defined print title (if a printer is connected).
35
The Test Set’s Features
Instrument State Keys
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGH ELPMS SG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECALL
MEAS
RESET
PRESET
• LOCAL key − returns the instrument to manual control after HP- IB control
is used.
• RECALL key − lists and selects a previously stored instrument setup.
• MEAS RESET key − clears the measurement “history” for all of the
instrument’s measurement algorithms, and re-starts all measurements that
were in progress.
• PRESET key − restores most instrument settings to their factory default
states. (Configure settings are not affected.)
• ADRS key − displays the current HP-IB address.
• SAVE key − stores an instrument setup.
36
Data Keys
The Test Set’s Features
K1
REF SET
k1
K2
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
K3
k3
k4
k5
CANCELSHIFT
DATA FUNCTIONS
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
AVG
INCR
789
X10
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
NO
ppm
W
dBµV
Hz
%
µV
MEMORY
CARD
USER DATA
ASSIGN
RELEASE
Data Entry keys− use d t o ent er or c han ge alphanumeric data (0-9 , A-F,
“.”, “+”, or “
−”) for measurements or fiel d entries. The EEX ke y is used
to enter the exponent for scientific notation.
Termination keys
− used to input the entered data in the units selected.
Also allows entry of “YES” or “NO” to confirm selected operations
before they are executed.
• ENTER key − selects a field or screen, and enters numbers when the unit-
of-measure is not changed or not specified.
• ON/OFF key − enables and disables measurements, and turns numeric
fields (such as Amplitude) on and off.
37
The Test Set’s Features
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
Connectors
CANCELSHIFT
!
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 m W
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ON/OFF
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
AUDIO IN
MAX
!
42 v Pk
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
µV
dBµV
Hz
%
ppm
RF IN/OUT Connector − type-N female connector for output signals
from the RF Generator, and input si gnal s (60 Watts continuous, or 100
Watts for 10 sec/min) to the RF Analyzer. Nominal impedance is 50
Ω.
DUPLEX OUT Connector
Generator and Tracking Generator signals. Nomi nal impedan ce is 50
ANT IN Connector
− female BNC connector for input and analysis of
low-power RF signals (
measurements. Nominal impedance is 50
MIC/ACC Connector
− female BNC connector for output RF
Ω.
≤200 m Watts), and for off-the-air
Ω.
− 8-pin female DIN connector provides various
connections including:
• Audio microphone input for modulation of the RF output signal
• Control of the RF Generator’s output state
• Switching between the TX TEST and RX TEST screens
• Provides keying signal to control a transmitter under test
AUDIO OUT Connector − female BNC connector to output signals
from AF Generators 1 and 2 (including encoder functions). Nominal
output impedance is <1
AUDIO IN Connectors
signals to the AF Analyzer. Nominal impedance is 1 M
• HI is the signal input fo r bo th gro unding an d flo atin g input configur atio ns.
• LO may be selected to connect the signal reference to ground or flo at. The
connectors and controls located on the rear panel are as follows:
Ω at 1 kHz.
− two female BNC connectors to input audio
Ω or 600Ω.
38
K3
POWER
F
The Test Set’s Features
Non-Bracketed Keys and Memory Card Slot
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ON
ANT IN
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCELSHIFT
123
0
YES
NO
ppm
ON/OFF
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
+
dBµV
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
MEMORY
CARD
AUDIO IN
LOHI
Non-Bracke te d Keys
The POWER key − turns the instrument on or off.
The SHIFT key is used t o sel ect t he blue-l abele d func ti ons li sted above
certain keys.
The CANCEL key is used to cancel an entry in progress, or stop a
running IBASIC program.
The key is used to move the cursor to the left when entering
numbers in a field, thereby erasing the previous characters.
The Memory Card Slot
Slot for memory cards that are inserted to load software, or to record
test results.
39
The Test Set’s Features
The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features
HP-IB
(OPTIION)
(OPTIION)
PARALLEL PORT
SERIAL PORT
(OPTION)
CRT VIDEO
MODULATION
DC CURRENT
MEASUREMENT
INPUT
Connectors
• HP-IB Connector (optional) − 24-pin connector provides communication
between the Test Set and other instruments or a computer using the IEEE
488 Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB).
• SERIAL PORT Connector (optional) − 6-pin RJ-11 dual serial ( RS-23 2C)
port for entering programs, printing test results and screen im ages, and
sending test results to external devices.
• DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT Terminals (optional) − dual banana
jacks to measure from 0 to +10 ADC.
• MODULATION INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an
external signal to the modulators. Maximum input level is 12 V peak (full
scale input = 1 V peak), and nominal input impedance is 600Ω.
• CRT VIDEO OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector pr ovides CRT
video to an external “multisync” video monitor.
OUTPUT
EXT SCOPE
TRIGGER
10 MHz REF
OUTPUT
10 MHz REF
INPUT
AUDIO
MONITOR
OPTION INTERFAC E
114.3
MHz
IF
HEADPHONE
RF IN
DC
FUSE
DC INPUT
15A 11-32 VDC
CONTROL IO
IQ
CW RF
IN
AC DC
AC FUSE
5A 250V
40
The Test Set’s Features
• EXT SCOPE TRIGGER INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to
input an external oscilloscope trigger. Maximum input level is ≈ 20 V peak.
• 10 MHz REF OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector outputs a 10
MHz reference signal for locking external instruments.
• 10 MHz REF INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an
external 1, 2, 5, or 10 MHz reference signal.
• AUDIO MONITOR OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector
provides an output from the AF Analyzer. Level is not affected by the
VOLUME control, but is affected by the SQUELCH control.
• Chassis Ground Terminal − provides a chassis connection. Also pro vides a
safety ground when DC power is used.
• RADIO INTERFACE Connector (optional) − 37 pin “D” style connector
for parallel and serial communications, and audio/transmitter control lines
between the Test Set and external radio equipment.
• DC INPUT Connector − 2-pin female connector to input 11-28 Vdc @
120W (maximum) for DC operation.
• AC INPUT Connector − 3-pin mal e conn ect or to i np ut 10 0 t o 24 0 Vac for
AC operation.
Key and Fuse Holders
•AC/DC− selects the instrument’s power source.
• DC FUSE Holder − 15A 250V fuse for DC operation.
• AC FUSE Holder − 5A 250V fuse for AC operation.
41
The Test Set’s Features
42
2
Measurements Considerations
The following guidelines must be adhered to when performing any of
the FM/AM/SSB Transmitter and Receiver, Spectrum Analyzer, or
Oscilloscope Measurements.
43
Measurement Guideline 1
Measurement Guideline 1
Connector Considerations
CAUTION: The RF present at any Test Set input connector must not exceed the specified
level or permanent instrument damage may result. If necessary, use an external
attenuator. If overpower occurs, disconnect the Transmitter, then cycle Test Set
power OFF/ON to reset the protection circuitry.
RF IN/OUT
The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed
60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent
instrument da mage may result.
ANT IN
The RF present at the Test Set ANT IN connector must not exceed
200 mW or permanent instrument damage may result.
44
Measurement Guideline 2
Cabling and Adapter Considerations
For most FM, AM, and SSB measurements, only the standard Test Set
with correct interconnecting cables and adapters are required.
Output Power
If output power is greater than 60W (continuous), an external
attenuator is also required. Any other additional equipment or Test Set
options that are required to perform the measurement are listed in the
procedure.
Cabling Test Loads
When measuring audio output, a Test Load with a resistance value
dependent on the Receiver’s output impedance (normally 8
required. In most cases, a non-inductive resistor with a power rating
sufficient for the Receiver’s rated output power and resistance that
matches the speaker impedance can be used. Typically, the test load is
connected at the Test Set AUDIO IN connector using a BNC to dual
banana adapter.
Measurement Guideline 2
Ω) is
Spectrum Analyzer
For Spectrum Analyzer measurements, the Spectrum Analyzer/
Tracking Generator option (002) must be installed in the Test Set.
Oscilloscope
For Oscilloscope Measurements, Hewlett-Packard’s HP 104XX series
passive Oscilloscope probes can be used to input signals to the
Oscilloscope via the front panel Audio Input or rear panel
MODULATION INPUT connectors.
45
Measurement Guideline 3
Measurement Guideline 3
Special Test Considerations
Information for perfor ming any of th e FM, AM, or SSB measurements:
Coaxial Cable
Use short runs of high quality coaxial cable and high quality adapters
when connecting the de vice connected to the Te st Set to ensure the
most accurate power measurement. Double shielded coaxial cable is
recommended when performing measurements on Cavities and
Duplexers.
Cable and Adapter Loss
Remember that cable and adapter losses and mismatch must be
considered when measuring RF power at VHF/UHF frequencies. If
losses are known, they can be entered using the CONFIGURATION
screen. Once entered, the measu re me nt res ul ts are adjusted
accordingly.
46
Incidental Audio
Incidental audio into a built-in or attached microphone may cause
inaccurate readings. Whenever possible, disable the microphone input
or minimize ambient audio during the measurement.
Transmitter’s DTMF, CTCSS, and or CDCSS Functions
Verify that the Transmit ter’s DTMF, CTCSS, and/or CDCSS fu nctions
are OFF (if equipped), unless otherwise specified.
Receiver Test Loads
If using the Test Load, the measurement must be performed with only
the load connected to the Receiver’s audio output circuitry (internal
speaker disconnected). If the external speaker jack does not break the
Measurement Guideline 3
internal speaker conn ection, either the Tes t Se t AUDI O IN si gnal must
be connected across the speaker (in this case, enter the impedance
value of the speaker in lieu of the test load resistance), or the internal
speaker must be physically disconnected.
Measuring Audio Output Power
When measuring audio output power in watts, always set Ext Load R
field to the Receiver’s audio output impedance or to the test load
resistance (when connected). Failure to do so will cause the
measurement to be incorrect.
Coded Squelch
Certain receivers use CTCSS, CDCSS, or trunked radio signalling
coded squelch. If the receiver is equipped with a coded squelch device
that cannot be easily overridden, then the instruments AFGen2 or
Encoder must be used to open the squelch for measurement. Also, if
any of these are used, set Filt er1 to 30 0Hz HPF to remov e the tone us ed
to open the squelch prior to measurement. Refer to the “RX” or
“Encoder” screen sections in the Test Set User’s Guide supplied with
the instrument for more information.
47
Measurement Guideline 4
Measurement Guideline 4
Additional Measurement Considerations
Pressing the PRESET and TX or RX keys at the beginning of each test
automatically configures the Test Set for “standard” transmitter/
receiver measurements. The controls and settings that need to be
adjusted during perf or ma nce o f th e me asu reme nt are discussed in each
procedure. Additional parameters or controls that may need to be
adjusted when testing a particular radio are described in the “TX”,
“RX”, “Spectrum Analyzer”, “Encoder”, and “Decoder” screen
sections of the Test Set User’s Guide supplied with the instrument.
48
3
Testing FM Radios
49
Introduction
Introduction
Each procedure may contain the following information:
• A brief measurement overview and a reference to applicable TIA/EIA
specifications for each test.
• A list of the Test Set options and additional test equipment required to
perform the procedure.
• Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety,
measurement accuracy, etc.
• Step by step procedures required to perform each measurement (with
illustrations).
Refer to "Configuring for Measuremen ts" on page 24 1, or t he Test Set’s
User Guide on preparing the Test Set for operation.
50
List of Tests
List of Tests
FM Transmitter Measurements
"FM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter
Carrier Frequency" on page 53.
"FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error
Measurem ent" on page 56.
"FM Deviation and Symmetry M e asurement" on page 59.
"FM Microphone Sensitivit y and Modulation Limiting Measurement" on page 62.
"FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement" on
page 65.
"FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measurements" on page 67.
"FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement" on page 70.
"FM Audio Distortion Measurement" on page 74.
"FM Harmonics and Spurious Out put Measurement" on page 76.
FM Receiver Measurements
"FM Audio Output Power Measurement" on page 80.
"FM SINAD, Receiver Center Frequency, and Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measuremen t" on page 83.
"FM Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement" on page 87.
"FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measurement" on page 91.
"FM Critical and Maximum Squelch Sensitivity Measurement" on
page 94.
"FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Bandwidth Measurement" on page
97.
"FM CDCSS Sensitivity Measurement" on page 101.
"FM Audio Frequency Response Measurement" on page 105.
"FM Audio Distortion Measurement" on page 108.
"FM Spurious Response Attenuation Measurement" on page 111.
51
FM Transmitters
FM Transmitters
The following measure ments are pr ovided fo r testing FM Transmitte rs.
The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
52
FM Transmitters
FM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier
Frequency
Description
This procedure is used to locate, demodulate, and measure an FM
signal’s output carrier frequency. The low level signal is input to the
front-panel ANT IN connector, located, then demodulated using the
spectrum analyzer function.
NOTE: For performing an FM Off the Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter
Carrier Frequency, see page 55.
If attempting to determine the unknown frequency of a Transmitter connected
to the RF IN/OUT connector, see “Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency
or Frequency Error Measurement” provided later in this chapter for the
measurement procedure.
POWER
OFF ON
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
!
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
1
Data Entry
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECALL
789
456
123
+
0
ON/OFF
YES
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
2
MEAS
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
AUDIO IN
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
53
FM Transmitters
Test Set Options Re quired
Additional Equipment
Required
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Antenna to the ANT IN connector.
CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage
may result.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
❒ If monitoring an FM broadcas t signal perform the following steps:
❒ If not proceed to step 3..
Using the knob and data entry keys:
3. Select the SPEC ANL screen.
4. From the Controls select Ant.
5. Set Center Freq and Span fields to view desired spectrum.
6. Set Ref Level from −30 dBm to −50 dBm as required to view the desired
signal.
Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102)
Whip antenna
a. Press the TX key.
b. Use the knob to change IF Filter to 230 kHz.
c. Continued to step 3..
54
Once the desired carrier is found:
7. From Controls, select Main.
8. Select Marker from the Choices field.
9. Use the Marker To field to select the desired carrier.
On the Test Set frequency and level are displayed as shown.
FM Transmitters
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
BW= 3 kHz
Marker
Freq
MHz
101.12980
Lvl
dBm
-99.92
Level & Frequency
displayed
10. To demodulate the carrier:
a. With the marker on the desired carrier, select Marker To to Center
Freq.
b. From Controls, select Main.
c. Select Marker from the Choices field.
d. Decrease the Span to 1.5 MHz (or less).
e. Adjust the Volume and Squelch controls to listen to the demodulat-
ed carrier.
FM Off The Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter Carrier Frequency
1. Press the PRESET key.
2. Press the TX key.
3. Set Tune Mode to Manual.
4. Set Tune Freq to known frequency.
5. Set Input Port to Ant
6. Set IF Filter to 230 kHz (if necessary).
55
FM Transmitters
FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s output carrier
power and frequency (or frequency error) into 50
Transmitters, deviation and modulating frequency are also measured.
FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C-1988, RS-316-C.
Ω. For FM
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
USER DATA
k1’
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
SHIFT
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
Knob
REF SET
k1
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CANCEL
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONS
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
Data Entry
AVG
INCR X10
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
12 v Pk
MEAS
RECALL
RESET
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO IN
MAX
SHEILDED
AUDIO CABLE
ENTER
2
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
56
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
MICROPHONE
(AUDIO INPUT)
Test Set Options Required
FM Transmitters
The typical error for the standard Test Set timebase is
2-3 Hz per 1 MHz (when measuring carrier frequency). If greater
accuracy is required, use a Test with Option 001 (High Stability
Timebase).
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter Under Test as s hown .
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minut e).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set AFGen1 Lvl to the correct output level for the desired frequency
deviation (refer to microphone sensitivity and deviation speci ficat ions for
the Transmitter being tested).
5. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF.
6. Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF.
7. Set De-Emphasis to Off.
"Cable and Ada p ter Loss" on page 46.
NOTE: If the Test Set is equipped with the CCITT filter option, set Filter 1 to
<20 Hz HPF and Filter 2 to CCITT.
8. Determine if actual frequency readout or frequency error is the desired
measurement.
❒ For actual frequency readout, continue with step 9.
❒ For frequency error:
•Set Tune Mode to Manual.
•Set Tune Freq to the expected carrier frequency.
57
FM Transmitters
On the Radio:
9. Key the Transmitter.
As long as the Transmitter is keyed the measurement results wil l display.
Frequency
Error
Frequency
Output
Power
TX Freq Error
TX Frequency
145.280024
TX Power
Tune Mode
Auto/Manual
Tune Freq
145.280000
MHz
TX Pwr Zero
Zero
TX TEST
MHz
0.169 3.579
kHz
TX TEST
FM Deviation
3.579
W
AF Freq
2.03 1.00004
Input Port
RF in/Ant
IF Filter
15 kHz
Ext TX Key
On/Off
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Filter 1
300Hz HPF
Filter 2
3kHz LPF
De-Emphasis
750 us/Off
Detector
Pk+-Max
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
MHz
AFGen1 Lvl
-45.5
dBm
Frequency
kHz
Deviation
kHz
kHz
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
Modulating
Frequency
58
FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmit ter’s frequency
deviation and deviation symmetry. FM deviation is displayed on the
Test Set. Deviation symmetry requires measuring the plus and minus
peaks, then calculating symmetry.
FM Transmitters
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
USER DATA
ASSIGN
RELEASE
SHIFT
ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
1
Knob
k1’
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
k4
k5
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONS
REF SET
METER
INCR
INCR
INCR X10
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
Data Entry
Keys
ADRS
LOCAL
AVG
789
456
123
0
NO
YES
ppm
ON/OFF
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
INSTRUMENT STATE
SAVE
MEAS
RECALL
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
MAX
!
42 v Pk
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
SHEILDED
AUDIO CABLE
2
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
MICROPHONE
(AUDIO INPUT)
59
FM Transmitters
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
On the Radio:
4. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are complete.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
5. Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 60% of the
Transmitter’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz).
On the Test Set measured FM Deviation is displayed as shown.
60
Deviation
TX TEST
TX Frequency
144.680040
TX Power
kHz
W
FM Deviation
2.971
AF Freq
0.591 1.00007
Tune Mode
Auto/Manual
Tune Freq
145.280000
MHz
TX Pwr Zero
Zero
Input Port
RF in/Ant
IF Filter
15 kHz
Ext TX Key
On/Off
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Filter 1
300Hz HPF
Filter 2
3kHz LPF
De-Emphasis
750 us/Off
Detector
Pk+-Max
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 Lvl
-45.5
To measure FM symmetry on the Test Set:
6. Set Detector to Pk−.
7. Record the displayed FM Deviation as Pk−.
8. Set Detector to Pk+.
MHz
dBm
kHz
kHz
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
9. Record the displayed FM Deviation as Pk+.
Calculate the Measurement:
10. Calculate the Deviation Symmetry as follows:
FM Transmitters
Deviation Symmetry (in percent) =
For example, =
(3.010) - (2.971)
(3.010
(Pk +) - (Pk -)
(Pk +)
X 100 = 1.29
X 100
61
FM Transmitters
FM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s audio input
sensitivity, and modulation limiting capability (if available).
Modulation limiting is verified over the Transmitter’s audio frequency
range. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C-1988 RS-316-B.
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
USER DATA
k1’
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
SHIFT
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONS
REF SET
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
Data Entry
AVG
INCR X10
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
12 v Pk
MEAS
RECALL
RESET
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO IN
MAX
SHEILDED
AUDIO CABLE
ENTER
2
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
62
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
MICROPHONE
(AUDIO INPUT)
FM Transmitters
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minut e).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
Using the knob a nd data keys:
4. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF.
5. Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF.
On the Radio:
6. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are
completed
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
See "Incidental Audio" on page 46.
7. Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 60% of the
Transmitter’s specified frequency deviation (typicall y 3 kHz).
On the Test Set Microphone Sensitivity is shown as AFGen1 Lvl.
63
FM Transmitters
TX TEST
TX Frequency
145.280024
TX Power
kHz
W
FM Deviation
AF Freq
kHz
2.965
kHz
2.03 1.00004
Tune Mode
Auto/Manual
Tune Freq
145.280000
MHz
TX Pwr Zero
Zero
Input Port
RF in/Ant
IF Filter
15 kHz
Ext TX Key
On/Off
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Filter 1
300Hz HPF
Filter 2
3kHz LPF
De-Emphasis
750 us/Off
Detector
Pk+-Max
AFGen1 Freq
AFGen1 Lvl
1.0000
-45.5
MHz
dBm
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
Microphone
Sensitivity
8. Set AFGen1 Lvl measurement units to dBm.
9. Increase AFGen1 Lvl by 20 dB.
Displayed FM deviation should not exceed the Transmitter’s maximum
specified deviation.
10. Change AFGen1 Freq from 300 Hz to 3 kHz (in 100 Hz increments).
64
11. Verify that the displayed FM deviation does not exceed the Transmitter’s
maximum specified deviation.
FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Continuous
Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) encoder frequency and
frequency deviation. Both f requen cy and devia tion are read dire ctly off
the Test Set screen. FM reference is ANSI/EIA RS-220-A.
FM Transmitters
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
USER DATA
ASSIGN
RELEASE
SHIFT
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
Knob
k1’
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
k4
k5
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONS
REF SET
METER
INCR
INCR
INCR X10
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
Data Entry
Keys
ADRS
LOCAL
AVG
789
456
123
0
YES
NO
ppm
ON/OFF
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
INSTRUMENT STATE
SAVE
MEAS
RECALL
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
!
2
PRESET
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
42 v Pk
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
65
FM Transmitters
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
On the Radio:
4. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are
completed.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
5. Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF.
On the Test Set Tone fr equency de viation i s display ed as FM Deviation as
shown.
66
On the Test Set Tone frequency is displayed as AF Freq.
TX TEST
TX Frequency
145.890058
TX Power
Tune Mode
Auto/Manual
Tune Freq
145.280000
MHz
TX Pwr Zero
Zero
kHz
W
0.587 0.10354
Input Port
RF in/Ant
IF Filter
15 kHz
Ext TX Key
On/Off
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Filter 1
300Hz HPF
Filter 2
3kHz LPF
De-Emphasis
750 us/Off
Detector
Pk+-Max
FM Deviation
AF Freq
AFGen1 Freq
AFGen1 Lvl
0.980
1.0000
-45.5
MHz
dBm
kHz
kHz
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
Tone Deviation
Tone Frequency
FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measurements
Description
This procedure is used to analyze an FM Transmitter’s Continuous
Digital Coded Squelch System (CDCSS) digital data stream and
frequency deviation. The data rate, binary data stream, and octal code
are all displayed on the Test Set screen.
FM Transmitters
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
AF ANALYZER
DECODER
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF I N/OUT
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
1
Data Entry
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECALL
789
456
123
+
0
ON/OFF
YES
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
2
MEAS
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
AUDIO IN
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
ANTENNA
(RF OUT)
67
FM Transmitters
Test Set Options Required
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
Using the knob and the data entry keys:
3. Select the AF ANL screen.
4. Set Filter 1 to <20 Hz HPF setting.
5. Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF setting.
6. Set Settling to Slow setting.
7. Select the DECODER screen.
8. Set Mode to CDCSS.
9. Set Standard to CDCSS.
Decoder Option
68
10. Set Input Level to 0.95 kHz.
11. Set Arm Meas to Cont.
On the Radio:
12. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed u ntil the remaining steps are
completed.
Data rate, binary data (bin), and the Octal Code(s) are displayed on the
Test Set as shown.
FM Transmitters
NOTE: Because framing information to indicate when a code word is not sent, the
decoded data displayed can result in several possible code combinations as
shown. NPC may appear, indicating that no primary code matches the
decoded data.
SIGNALING DECODER
bps
Data Rate
Binary Data
Octal Code( s )
Data Rate
134.400
Data (bin)
1101100011000010101111
Code (oct)
143
333
To measure deviation of the data stream on the Test Set:
13. Press the TX key.
Data stream deviation is displayed as FM Deviation.
Arm Meas
Single/Cont
Stop Meas
AF Anl In
Audio Out
Input Level
1.0
Trig Level
242 mV
Polarity
Norm/Invert
Status:
Computing
Mode
CDCSS
Standard
CDCSS
V
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
69
FM Transmitters
FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Dual Tone
Multi-Frequency (DTMF) frequency, deviation and frequency
sequence (if desired).
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
DECODER
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
Knob
Data Entry
Keys
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR
INCR X10
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
ASSIGN
RELEASE
SHIFT
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
k4
k5
ADRS
LOCAL
789
456
123
0
YES
NO
ppm
ON/OFF
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
MAX
!
12 v Pk
INSTRUMENT STATE
SAVE
MEAS
RECALL
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
!
42 v Pk
2
PRESET
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
70
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
FM Transmitters
Test Set Options Required
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minut e).
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF.
5. Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF.
6. Select the DECODER screen.
Decoder Option
None
None
7. Set Mode to DTMF.
8. Set Input Level to 0.95 kHz.
9. Set Gate Time to desired value (typically 100 ms).
10. Set Arm Meas to Cont.
On the Test Set:
11. Adjust Volume control to desired level.
12. Adjust Squelch control until just closed.
71
FM Transmitters
On the Radio:
13. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed u ntil the remaining steps are
completed.
14. Press the desired DTMF key.
The symbol and tone pair frequencies will be displayed on the Test Set as
shown.
SIGNALING DECODER
On
Time
ms
62.4 67.2
Off
Time
ms
Arm Meas
Single/Cont
Stop Meas
Gate Time
1.50000
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Input Level
3.0
kHz
s
Status:
Idle
Mode
DTMF
Standard
Bell
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
DTMF Tone Pair
Sym
*
Lo Tone
Hi Tone
Freq
Freq
Hz
953.1 1226.9
Hz
72
To Measure deviation of the DTMF on the Test Set:
15. Press the TX key.
Tone deviation is displayed as FM Deviation.
TX TEST
TX Frequency
145.890058
TX Power
kHz
W
0.587 0.10354
FM Deviation
kHz
0.980
AF Freq kHz
Tone Deviation
Tone Frequency
❒ If decoding a sequence of DTMF tones, proceed as follows:
a. Set Gate Time to a value long enoug h to capture the entire sequence
(typically 1 to 5 seconds).
b. Set Arm Meas to Single.
c. Set Arm Meas (status message will change to “ARMED”).
On the Radio:
d. Key the Transmitter.
e. Send DTMF sequence.
The symbols and tone pair frequencies will be displayed on the
Test Set as shown.
FM Transmitters
DTMF Tone
Sequence
Sym
5
5
5
1
2
1
2
Lo Tone
Freq
Hz
770.9
770.8
770.9
770.4
770.6
770.3
770.6
Hi Tone
Freq
Hz
1341.2
1340.0
1340.4
1224.6
1340.6
1224.7
1340.7
SIGNALING DECODER
On
Off
Time
Time
ms
ms
109.8
109.9
111.2
107.6
112.8
108.3
116.4
106.0
112.3
102.7
111.7
107.7
106.6
Arm Meas
Single/Cont
Stop Meas
Gate Time
1.50000
AF Anl In
FM Demod
Input Level
3.0
kHz
s
Status:
Idle
Mode
DTMF
Standard
Bell
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
73
FM Transmitters
FM Audio Distortion Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure a n FM Transmitter ’s audio frequency
harmonic distortion level. FM reference is
ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
3
TX TEST
USER DATA
k1’
k1
k2’
k2
k3’
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
k5
SHIFT
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
DATA FUNCTIONS
REF SET
METER
INCR
INCR
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
Data Entry
AVG
INCR X10
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
12 v Pk
MEAS
RECALL
RESET
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO IN
MAX
SHEILDED
AUDIO CABLE
ENTER
2
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
!
42 v Pk
74
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
MICROPHONE
(AUDIO INPUT)
FM Transmitters
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage
may result.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF.
5. Select the AF Freq Meter.
6. Select Distn from the Choices field.
7. Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 100% of the
Transmitter’s specified maximum frequency deviation.
NOTE: Do not exceed the specified input level that causes maximum frequency
deviation, or the Transmitter’s modu lation lim iting circuits will cause added
distortion. Refer to the input level/deviation specifications for the Transmitter
being tested.
On the Radio:
8. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until reading displays.
Distortion (in percent, or dB) is displayed on the Test Set as shown.
TX TEST
TX Frequency
145.279974
TX Power
kHz
W
2.05 3.4
FM Deviation
kHz
4.847
Distn kHz
Deviation
Distortion
75
FM Transmitters
FM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s conducted
harmonic and spurious emissions. The spectrum analyzer option is
used to display harmonic and spurious components from 400 kHz to
1000 MHz. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
TX TEST
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
!
ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)
TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST
1
ANT IN
MAX POWER 200 mW
Knob
3
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Data Entry
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
RECALL
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
MAX
!
12 v Pk
SHEILDED
AUDIO CABLE
MEAS
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
AUDIO IN
!
2
PRESET
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
MAX
42 v Pk
76
ANTENNA
(RF OUTPUT)
MICROPHONE
(AUDIO INPUT)
FM Transmitters
Test Set Options Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Transmitter as shown.
CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W
continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage
may result.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the TX key.
On the Radio:
Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102)
Cable and adapter mismatch must be considered when measuring harmonics and spurious emission s o f a transmitter. If an
external attenuator is used, special care must be taken to ensure
the attenuator is no t cau si ng any s pu r ious or harmonic emission.
Also, if spurious emissions are located, verify that the transmitter is the source, and not another object radiated emissions near
the test site.
4. Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the remaining steps are
completed.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
5. Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 50% of the
Transmitter’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 2.5 kHz).
6. Set AFGen1 Lvl units to dBm.
7. Increase (more positive) AFGen1 Lvl by 16 dB.
8. Select SPEC ANL.
9. Set Span to 1.1 MHz.
10. Set Ref Level to place the carrier peak at the top graticule line.
77
FM Transmitters
To set Ref Level:
• From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak
• Select Marker To Ref Level
11. Tune Center Freq in 1 MHz steps anywhere from 400 kHz to 1 GHz in
search of harmonics, sub-harmonics, multiples, or spur ious emissions.
NOTE: If spurious emissions are suspect, un-key the Transmitter, and verify that
emissions are from the transmitter and not another so urce.
To measure spurious emission of the transmitter under test:
• Place at center frequency.
• Or perform the following:
a. Select Main from the Controls field.
b. Select Markers from the Choices field.
c. Position the marker on the desired peak. (Position or Next Peak)
Marker frequency and level are displayed as shown.
78
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
BW= 3 kHz
Marker
Freq
MHz
101.12980
Lvl
dBm
-99.92
Spurious or Harmonic
Level & Frequency
FM Receivers
FM Receivers
The following measurements are provided for testing FM Receivers.
The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.
79
FM Receivers
FM Audio Output Power Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s maximum audio
output power (or r ated output power) int o a Te st Loa d. Ou tput power i s
displayed (in various measurement units, including watts) on the Test
Set screen. The FM reference is RS-204D and RS-316B.
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
RX TEST
3
Knob
SCREEN CONTR OL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
MAX POWER 20 0 mW
!
TEST LOAD
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
Data Entry
2
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
12 v Pk
MEAS
RECALL
NO
ppm
W
MAX
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
MAX
!
42 v Pk
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
SPEAKER
(AUDIO
+
OUTPUT)
GND
80
FM Receivers
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency.
5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV).
6. Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency
deviation (typically 3 kHz).
7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance.
8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
Test Load
See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.
81
FM Receivers
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
9. Set power to ON.
10. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4.
11. Set squelch to minimum.
12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
13. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening
Receivers with coded squelch.
14. Slowly increase volume control until the AC Level reaches the Receiver’s
rated output power, or reaches a maximum level (stops increasing).
Refer to audio output specifications for the Receiver being tested as
required.
NOTE: If the rated output cannot be obtained, troubl e shoot and repair the Receiver’s
audio stages is necessary.
82
Measurement results are displayed on the Test Set as shown.
RX TEST
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
AC Level
Hz
mV
0.06054
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
8.00
Ω
W
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
Audio (AF)
Output Power
SINAD
0 12.09
RF Gen Freq
145.280000
MHz
Amplitude
0.267
uV
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
Avg
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
3.00
dB
24
MHz
kHz
FM Receivers
FM SINAD, Receiver Center Frequency, and Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s sensitivity (for
12dB SINAD), center frequency, and modulation acceptance
bandwidth. All measurements are read from the Test Set screen.
Reference is RS-204D.
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
RX TEST
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
3
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT IN
MAX POWER 20 0 mW
!
TEST LOAD
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Data Entry
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
RECALL
MEAS
RESET
ENTER
LOCAL
789
456
123
_
+
0
ON/OFF
YES
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
AUDIO IN
MAX
12 v Pk
+
GND
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
MAX
!
42 v Pk
2
LOHI
SPEAKER
(AUDIO
OUTPUT)
83
FM Receivers
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency.
5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV).
6. Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency
deviation (typically 3 kHz).
7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance.
8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
Test Load
See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.
9. Set power to ON.
10. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4.
11. Set squelch to minimum.
12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
13. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
NOTE: Failure to set coded squelch to off will cause the SINAD measurement to be
incorrect.
14. Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s
rated audio output power.
84
Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
15. Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB.
Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) is displayed as Amplitude as shown.
• Record the level (in dBm) for use in step 17..
RX TEST
AC Level
0.4527
SINAD
SINAD
014.00
Avg
uv
24
FM Receivers
W
Center
Frequency
Sensitivity
RF Gen Freq
146.519000
MHz
Amplitude
-119.4
dbm
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
3.00
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
kHz
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz LPF
Ext Load R
8.00
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
Ω
More
❒ If desired, use the meter averaging function for the SINAD indicator.
a. Select dB on the SINAD meter.
b. Press the AVG key.
❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average.
• Enter the number of readings to average.
Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to
reach the final indication.
❒ If desired, verify that the Receiver is tuned to a specific frequency ( Re-
ceiver Center Frequency)
• Slowly increase or decrease RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz steps) until
SINAD met er reads maximum.
Receiver Center Frequency is displayed as RF Gen Freq as shown
above.
16. If changed because of the previous steps, reset RF Gen Freq to receiver
operating frequency.
17. Set Amplitude to a level 6 dB higher (more positive) than the level
recorded in step 5..
18. Increase AFGen1 To Deviation until SINAD meter reads 12 dB.
85
FM Receivers
On the Test Set modulation acceptance bandwidth is displayed as
AFGen1 To Deviation as shown.
RX TEST
SINAD
012.08
Avg
dB
24
AC Level
0.6950
W
Modulation
Acceptance
Bandwidth
RF Gen Freq
146.519000
MHz
Amplitude
-119.4
dbm
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
7.70
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
kHz
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
8.00
Ω
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
86
FM Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s usable bandwidth
(at 12 dB SINAD). A reference is established (at 12 dB SINAD), then
the level is increased by 6 dB. Frequency is increased and decreased
until the SINAD of 12 dB is again obtained. Usable bandwidth is then
calculated. Reference is EIA-204-D.
FM Receivers
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
RX TEST
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
3
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT IN
MAX POWER 20 0 mW
!
TEST LOAD
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Data Entry
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
RECALL
RESET
MEAS
ENTER
LOCAL
789
456
123
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
AUDIO IN
MAX
12 v Pk
ON/OFF
0
YES
+
GND
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
MAX
!
42 v Pk
SPEAKER
(AUDIO
OUTPUT)
2
LOHI
87
FM Receivers
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency.
5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV).
6. Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency
deviation (typically 3 kHz).
7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance.
8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
Test Load
See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.
88
FM Receivers
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
9. Set power to ON.
10. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4..
11. Set squelch to minimum.
12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
13. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
NOTE: Failure to set coded s quelch to off will caus e th e SIN AD measur ement to b e
incorrect.
14. Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s
rated audio output power.
Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
15. Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB.
Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) is displayed as Amplitude as shown.
• Record the frequency as Assigned Freq for use later in the procedure.
RX TEST
AC Level
0.2775
W
Assigned
SINAD
0 11.97
Avg
dB
24
High, Low
8.00
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
Ω
More
Frequency
RF Gen Freq
145.285900
MHz
Amplitude
-113.0
dbm
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
7.70
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
kHz
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
89
FM Receivers
❒ If desired, use the meter averaging function for the SINAD indicator.
a. Select dB on the SINAD meter.
b. Press the AVG key.
❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average.
• Enter the number of readings to average.
Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to
reach the final indication.
16. Increase Amplitude (more positive) by 6 dB.
17. Increase RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz steps) until the SINAD meter again reads
12 dB.
• Record the frequency as High Freq for use later in the procedure.
18. Decrease RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz steps) until the SINAD meter again
reads 12 dB.
• Record the frequency as Low Freq for use later in the procedure.
Calculate the measurement:
19. High Freq − Assigned Freq and Assigned Freq − Low Freq
90
The minimum usable bandwidth is the smaller result.
FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s quieting
sensitivity (20 dB reduc tion in noise). A reference is established w ith
no signal at the Receiver’s antenna, then an un-modulated carrier is
applied and the RF amplitude is increased until a 20 dB reduction in
noise is measured at the audio output.
FM Receivers
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
RX TEST
3
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
TEST LOAD
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
Data Entry
2
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
LOCAL
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
MEAS
RECALL
NO
ppm
W
MAX
12 v Pk
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
MAX
!
42 v Pk
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
SPEAKER
(AUDIO
+
OUTPUT)
GND
91
FM Receivers
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to receiver operating frequency.
5. Set AFGen1 to OFF.
6. Set Amplitude to OFF.
7. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance.
8. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
Test Load
See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.
92
FM Receivers
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
9. Set power to ON.
10. If required, set frequency to same value as step 4..
11. Set squelch to minimum.
12. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
13. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening
Receivers with coded squelch.
14. Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 25% of the Receiver’s rated
audio output power.
Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
15. Select AC Level
16. Press the REF SET key.
17. Increase Amplitude until the AC Level meter reads -20.00 dB.
On the Test Set 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity is displaye d as Am plitude as
shown.
RX TEST
20 dB Quieting
Sensitivity
SINAD
01.36
Avg
0.501
MHz
uV
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
Off
RF Gen Freq
145.280000
Amplitude
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
dB
24
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
AC Level
kHz
-20.34
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
8.00
dB
Ref
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
Ω
More
93
FM Receivers
FM Critical and Maximum Squelch Sensitivity Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s critical squelch
and maximum squelch sensitivity. For critical squelch, the receiver is
just squelched with minimum modulated input at the Receiver’s
antenna, then the input is increased until the squelch is opened.
Maximum squelch is the amount of modulated signal required to open
the squelch when the control is set to maximum. Minimum and
maximum squelch hysteresis is also measured and calculated. The FM
reference is EIA/TIA-204-D.
POWER
OFF ON
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
RX TEST
ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF I N/OUT
MAX POWER 200 mW
!
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
3 Knob
Data Entry
Keys
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
AVG
INCR
INCR
k2’
k3’
ASSIGN
RELEASE
SHIFT
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
INCR X10
: 10
SET
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
CURSOR CONTROL
PUSH TO SELECT
CANCEL
789
456
123
0
YES
ON/OFF
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
LOCAL
RECALL
NO
ppm
W
MAX
12 v Pk
2
SAVE
MEAS
PRESET
RESET
ENTER
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
_
+
mV
ms
Ω
Hz
%
µV
dBµV
AUDIO IN
MAX
!
42 v Pk
MEMORY
CARD
LOHI
94
FM Receivers
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency.
5. Set Amplitude to −137 dBm.
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
6. Set power to ON.
7. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4..
8. Set squelch to minimum.
9. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
10. Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.
11. Set the volume control until noise is at a comfortable level.
See "Coded Squelch" on page 47.
12. Increase the Receiver’s squelch control until audio is just squelched.
95
FM Receivers
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
13. Slowly increase the Amplitude until squelch just remains open.
Critical Squelch is displayed as Amplitude as shown.
• Record this level.
RX TEST
SINAD
02.23
Avg
dB
24
AC Level
-20.34
dB
Ref
8.00
Ω
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
More
Squelch
Sensitivity
RF Gen Freq
145.280000
MHz
Amplitude
0.0890
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
uV
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
3.00
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
1.0000
kHz
AFGen2 To
FM
Off
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
14. Decrease Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just closes.
• Record this level.
Calculate the measurement:
15. Critical Squelch Hysteresis is the difference between the two readings.
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
16. Set the Receiver’s squelch control to maximum.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
17. Increase Amplitude until the Receiv e r’s squelch just opens.
• Record this level.
18. Record the maximum squelch sensitivity is displayed as Amplitude as
shown.
19. Decrease Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just closes.
• Record this level.
96
Calculate the reading:
20. Maximum Squelch Hysteresis is the difference between the two readings.
FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Bandwidth Measurement
Description
This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s Continuous Tone Coded
Squelch System (CTCSS) sensitivity and band w idth. For sensitivity, the
minimum signal input at the Receiver’s antenna (modulated with tone) that
opens the squelch is measured and displayed. Squelch hysteresis is also
measured and calculated. Tone frequency is then increased and decreased until
the squelch boundaries are determined and the Bandwidth is calculated.
Reference is ANSI/EIA RS-220A.
FM Receivers
POWER
OFF ON
MAX POWER 60 W
!
CONTINUOUS
50Ω COXIAL
CABLE
ANTENNA (RF INPUT)
RX TEST
DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT
3
Knob
SCREEN CONTROL
CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT
DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS
USER DATA
DATA FUNCTIONS
k1’
REF SET
METER
INCR
k1
: 10
k2’
LO LIMIT HI LIMIT
k2
k3’
CURSOR CONTROL
k3
ASSIGN
k4
RELEASE
PUSH TO SELECT
k5
SHIFT
CANCEL
ANT IN
MAX POWER 20 0 mW
!
TEST LOAD
RECEIVER UNDER TEST
1
AVG
INCR
INCR X10
SET
Data Entry
Keys
INSTRUMENT STATE
ADRS
SAVE
RECALL
RESET
MEAS
ENTER
LOCAL
789
456
123
_
+
Ω
NO
%
ppm
dBµV
W
AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC
!
AUDIO IN
MAX
12 v Pk
ON/OFF
0
YES
+
GND
PRESET
dB
GHz
dBm
%
MHz
V
s
kHz
mV
ms
Hz
µV
MEMORY
CARD
MAX
!
42 v Pk
SPEAKER
(AUDIO
OUTPUT)
2
LOHI
97
FM Receivers
Additional Equipment
Required
Special Test Considerations
Measurement Procedure:
1. Connect the Receiver as shown.
On the Test Set:
2. Press the PRESET key.
3. Press the RX key.
Using the knob and data entry keys:
4. Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency.
5. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV).
6. Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency
deviation (typically 3 kHz).
7. Set AFGen2 Freq to the Receiver’s CTCSS tone frequency.
8. Set AFGen2 To to the 500 Hz.
9. Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance.
Test Load
See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.
98
10. Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.
FM Receivers
On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:
11. Set power to ON.
12. If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4.
13. If required, set CTCSS tone frequency to the same value as step 4.
14. Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped).
15. Set squelch control to minimum (if equipped).
16. Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s
specified audio output.
Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.
17. Verify Receiver’s squelch is closed.
On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:
18. Set Amplitude to -137 dBm.
19. Slowly increase the Amplitude until the squelch remains open and the
SINAD indicator shows 10 dB (minimum).
CTCSS Sensitivity is displaye d as Amplitude as shown.
• Record this level.
RX TEST
CTCSS Squelch
Sensitivity
SINAD
0 11.16
RF Gen Freq
145.280000
MHz
Amplitude
0.282
uV
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
Avg
AFGen1 Freq
1.0000
AFGen1 To
FM
3.00
dB
24
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
100.0
AFGen2 To
FM
5.00
AC Level
Hz
Hz
0.6321
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
8.00
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
Ω
More
W
20. Set Amplitude to −47 dBm.
21. Slowly increase the AFGEN2 Freq in 0.1 Hz increments until the squelch
just closes.
• Record the frequency.
99
FM Receivers
22. Slowly decrease the AFGEN2 Freq in 0.1 Hz increments until the squelch
just closes.
• Record the frequency.
CTCSS Bandwidth
RX TEST
SINAD
0 11.68
Avg
dB
24
AC Level
0.6584
W
8.00
To Screen
RF GEN
RF ANL
AF ANL
SCOPE
SPEC ANL
ENCODER
DECODER
RADIO INT
Ω
More
RF Gen Freq
145.280000
MHz
Amplitude
-47.0
Atten Hold
On/Off
Output Port
RF Out/Dupl
AFGen1 Freq
AFGen1 To
FM
uV
1.0000
3.00
kHz
kHz
AFGen2 Freq
101.8
AFGen2 To
FM
5.00
Hz
Hz
Filter 1
50Hz HPF
Filter 2
15kHz HPF
Ext Load R
Calculate the Bandwidth:
23. Bandwidth = Larger AFGen2 Freq - Smaller AFGen2 Freq
NOTE: Calculated bandwidth should be no less than 1% or no more than 6% of the
encoder frequency.
100
Loading...