Agilent 86101A User Manual

Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module User’s Guide

Agilent Part No. 83487-90023 Printed in USA March 2000

Agilent Technologies Lightwave Division 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA (707) 577-1400

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Restricted Rights Legend.

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies.

Warranty.

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.

Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or errorfree.

Limitation of Warranty.

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyersupplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Exclusive Remedies.

The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Agilent Technolo-

gies shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Safety Symbols.

CAUTION

The

caution

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WAR NING

The

warning

sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output.

The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power.

The ON symbols are

used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The OFF symbols

❍

are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

This text denotes the

ISM1-A

instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

Typographical Conventions.

The following conventions are used in this book:

Key type

for keys or text located on the keyboard or instrument.

Softkey type

for key names that are displayed on the instrument’s screen.

Display type

for words or characters displayed on the computer’s screen or instrument’s display.

User type

for words or charac-

ters that you type or enter.

Emphasis

type for words or characters that emphasize some point or that are used as place holders for text that you type.

The Agilent 83487A—At a Glance

The Agilent 83487A optical/electrical plug-in module is one of several plug-in modules available for the Agilent 83480A, 54750A mainframes. The main features of the Agilent 83487A are:

• Integrated, calibrated optical channel.

• 2.85 GHz optical channel bandwidth and user selectable 12.4 or 20 GHz

electrical channel bandwidth.

• 750 nm to 860 nm wavelength range.

• Optical channel has 1063/1250 Mb/s datacom filters.

• 62.5/125 µm (maximum) multimode, user selectable optical input connector

option.

• Electrical measurement channel.

• Trigger channel input to the mainframe.

• 3.5 mm (m) connectors on the electrical measurement channel and trigger

channel.

• One probe power connector.

• One auxiliary power connector.

NOTE

If you wish to use the Agilent 83487A optical plug-in module in an Agilent 54750A digitizing oscilloscope, a firmware upgrade must first be installed. Order the Agilent 83480K communications firmware kit and follow the installation instructions.

The purpose of the plug-in module is to provide measurement channels, including sampling, for the mainframe. The plug-in module scales the input signal, sets the bandwidth of the system, and allows the offset to be adjusted so the signal can be viewed. The output of the plug-in module is an analog signal that is applied to the ADCs on the acquisition boards inside the mainframe. The plug-in module also provides a trigger signal input to the time base/trigger board inside the mainframe.

For GPIB programming information, refer to the

Programmer’s Guide

supplied with the mainframe.

Agilent 83480A, 54750A

iii

Measurement Accuracy

To ensure that you obtain the specified accuracy, you must perform a plug-in module vertical calibration. The calibration must also be performed when you move a plug-in module from one slot to another, or from one mainframe to another. Refer to Chapter 3, “Calibration Overview” for information on performing a plug-in module vertical calibration.

CAUTION

The Agilent 83487A optical/electrical plug-in module input circuitry can be damaged when the optical channel or ±2 V + peak ac (+16 dBm) on the electrical channel. To prevent input damage, this specified level must not be exceeded.

Measurement accuracy—it’s up to you!

Fiber-optic connectors are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. The Agilent 83487A optical/electrical plug-in module’s front-panel INPUT connector is no exception. When you use improper cleaning and handling techniques, you risk expensive instrument repairs, damaged cables, and compromised measurements.

Before you connect any fiber-optic cable to the Agilent 83487A optical/electrical plug-in module, refer to “Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 5-14.

total

input power levels exceed +10 dBm (10 mW) on the

General Safety Considerations

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 61010-1, Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

WARNING

There are many points in the instrument which can, if contacted, cause personal injury. Be extremely careful. Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by trained service personnel.

If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent 83487A optical/ electrical plug-in module from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

This is a Safety Class 1 product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

General Safety Considerations

WARNING

CAUTION

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same type and ratings, (type T 0.315A/250V for 100/120V operation and 0.16A/250V for 220/240V operation). The use of other fuses or materials is prohibited. Verify that the value of the linevoltage fuse is correct.

• For 100/120V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.315 A, 250 V, Agilent part number 2110-0449.

• For 220/240V operation, use an IEC 127 5×20 mm, 0.16 A, 250 V, Agilent Technologies part number 2110-0448.

Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the line voltage of the power supply and the correct fuse is installed. Assure the supply voltage is in the specified range.

This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause instrument damage.

Do not

connect ac power until you have verified the line voltage is correct.

Damage to the equipment could result.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

General Safety Considerations

CAUTION

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) on or near input connectors can damage circuits inside the instrument. Repair of damage due to misuse is

not

covered under warranty. Before connecting any cable to the electrical input, momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together. Personnel should be properly grounded, and should touch the frame of the instrument before touching any connector.

vii

General Safety Considerations

viii

Contents

The Agilent 83487A—At a Glance iii

1 Getting Started

The Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module 1-3 Options and Accessories 1-7 Menu and Key Conventions 1-9 Step 1. Inspect the Shipment 1-10 Step 2. Install the Plug-in Module 1-11 Returning the Instrument for Service 1-12

2 Channel Setup Menu

Channel Setup Menu 2-2 Displaying the Channel Setup Menus 2-5

3 Calibration Overview

Factory Calibrations 3-4 User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical 3-7 Complete Calibration Summary 3-19

4 Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications 4-3 Characteristics 4-8 Declaration of Conformity 4-9

5 Reference

In Case of Difficulty 5-2 Measuring High Power Waveforms 5-6 Error Messages 5-10 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-12 Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements 5-14 Agilent Technologies Service Offices 5-24

Contents-1

Getting Started

This chapter gives a description of the plug-in module, lists options and accessories, explains menu and key conventions used, shows how to install your Agilent 83487A, and gives information for returning the plug-in module for service.

Refer to Chapter 2, “Channel Setup Menu” for information on operating the plug-in module.

Refer to Chapter 3, “Calibration Overview” for calibration information.

Refer to Chapter 4, “Specifications and Regulatory Information” for information on operating conditions, such as temperature.

CAUTION

This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Therefore, avoid applying static discharges to the front-panel input connectors. Before connecting any coaxial cable to the connectors, momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together. Avoid touching the frontpanel input connectors without first touching the frame of the instrument. Be sure that the instrument is properly earth-grounded to prevent buildup of static charge. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge Information” on page 5-12.

1-2

Getting Started

The Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module

The Agilent 83487A incorporates two measurement channels, one optical and one electrical. The electrical channel has two selectable bandwidth settings. In the lower bandwidth mode of 12.4 GHz, oscilloscope noise performance is excellent, while the 20 GHz mode allows greater fidelity for high speed signals. The calibrated, integrated optical channel has over 2.85 GHz bandwidth and allows easy, precise measurements of single-mode or multimode optical signals.

The integrated optical channel reduces electrical mismatch loss variation by eliminating signal distorting cables and connectors associated with the use of external receivers in order to accurately characterize optical waveforms. The optical channel is calibrated to provide both accurate display of the received optical waveform in optical power units and measurement of the signal’s average power. In addition, the User Cal feature provides for consistent accuracy at any wavelength between 750 nm and 860 nm using a source and power meter.

The Agilent 83487A also is a calibrated reference receiver that is measured to conform to specifications for Fibre Channel (FC) 1063 and Gigabit Ethernet for transmitter compliance testing. By pressing a front-panel key or issuing an GPIB command, a filter is inserted or removed from the measurement channel by a very repeatable Agilent Technologies microwave switch. The switch removes the potential variability and the time wasted by manually inserting and removing the filter, and maximizes measurement repeatability.

The electrical measurement channel may be used to perform measurements on tributary electrical signals, to evaluate receiver performance in transceiver testing, for measurements with Agilent Technologies’ wide range of external optical receivers, or for general purpose measurements.

1-3

Getting Started

The Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module

The Agilent 83487A provides:

• 2.85 GHz, integrated, calibrated optical channel with sensitivity to below –17 dBm

• 12.4 GHz and 20 GHz electrical channel

• Trigger channel input to the mainframe

• Switchable reference filters for transceiver compliance testing

• Compliance testing at Fibre Channel 1063 and Gigabit Ethernet 1250 rates

• Measurement capability for single-mode or multimode optical signals

1-4

Getting Started

The Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module

Front panel of the plug-in module

The plug-in module takes up two of the four mainframe slots. The optical channel provides calibrated measurement of optical waveforms in power units. The electrical channel provides calibrated measurement of electrical signals in volts. Bandwidths are selectable on both channels to optimize sensitivity and bandwidth.

The front panel of the plug-in module has two channel inputs and an external trigger input. The front panel also has a Agilent 54700-series probes, an and a key for each channel that displays the softkey menu. The softkey menu allows you to access the channel setup features of the plug-in module.

The front-power probe calibration with Agilent 54700 series probes. The front-panel connector provides only power to Agilent 54700 series probes for use as a trigger input. Probe calibration and scaling are not required for a trigger input.

Probe Power

Aux Power

connector allows automatic channel scaling and

Probe Power

connector for general purpose use,

connector for

Aux Power

Front panel of the plug-in module.

1-5

Getting Started

The Agilent 83487A Optical/Electrical Plug-In Module

Trigger

The external trigger level range for this plug-in module is ±1 V. The trigger source selection depends on the plug-in module location. For example, if the plug-in module is installed in slots 1 and 2, then the trigger source is listed as trigger 2. If it is installed in slots 3 and 4, then the trigger source is listed as trigger 4.

CAUTION

The maximum safe input voltage is ±2 V + peak ac (+16 dBm).

1-6

Options

Getting Started

Options and Accessories

Option 0B1 Additional set of user documentation Option 0B0 Deletes the user documentation Option UK6 Measured performance data

Option 001 Latest version of operating firmware for the Agilent 83480A Option 002 Latest version of operating firmware for the Agilent 54750A Option 011 Diamond HMS-10 connector interface Option 012 FC/PC connector adapter Option 013 DIN connector adapter Option 014 ST connector adapter Option 015 Biconic connector adapter Option 017 SC connector adapter Option 041 1063 and 1250 Mb/s switchable internal filters

Optional accessories

Agilent 10086A ECL terminator Agilent 11982A High-speed lightwave receiver Agilent 54006A 6 GHz divider probe Agilent 54008A 22 ns delay line Agilent 54118A 500 MHz to 18 GHz trigger Agilent 83430A Lightwave digital source Agilent 83440B/C/D High-speed lightwave receiver Agilent 83446A/B Lightwave clock and data receiver Agilent 83447A Lightwave trigger receiver 83487-60006 FC/PC 5 dB (mm) 850 nm attenuator and patchcord 83487-60007 ST 5 dB (mm) 850 nm attenuator and patchcord 83487-60008 SC 5 dB (mm) 850 nm attenuator and patchcord

1-7

Connection devices

Getting Started

Options and Accessories

Agilent 1250-1158 SMA (f-f) adapter Agilent 1250-1749 APC 3.5 (f-f) adapter Agilent 81000FI FC/PC/SPC/APC connector interface Agilent 81000KI SC connector interface Agilent 81000SI DIN 47256/4108.6 connector interface Agilent 81000VI ST connector interface Agilent 81000WI Biconic

1-8

Getting Started

Menu and Key Conventions

The keys labeled Trigger, Disk, and Run are all examples of front-panel keys. Some front-panel keys bring up menus on the right side of the display screen. These menus are called softkey menus.

Softkey menus contain functions not available directly by pressing the frontpanel keys. To activate a function on the softkey menu, press the unlabeled key immediately next to the annotation on the screen. The unlabeled keys next to the annotations on the display are called softkeys.

Additional functions are listed in blue type above and below some of the frontpanel keys. These functions are called shifted functions. To activate a shifted function, press the blue front-panel the desired function.

Throughout this manual front-panel keys are indicated as, for example,

base

. Softkeys are indicated as, for example, depend on the front-panel key pressed and which menu is selected. Shifted functions are indicated by the front-panel the Local function (above the

Shift, Local

A softkey with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the softkey’s function on or off. To turn the function on, press the softkey so that On is highlighted. To turn the function off, press the softkey so that Off softkey function will be indicated throughout this manual as, for example,

Test On

A softkey such as case, you could choose lighted, or choose choices softkey will be indicated throughout this manual as, for example,

Sweep Triggered Freerun Triggered

When some softkeys, such as surement will be made and the result will be provided. Some softkeys, such as

Offset

the general purpose knob located below the front-panel

Sweep Triggered Freerun

Triggered

Freerun

by pressing the softkey until

, require the entry of a numeric value. To enter or change the value, use

Shift

key and the front-panel key next to

Mask Align

Shift

key followed by, for example,

Stop/Single

by pressing the softkey until

Calibrate probe

front-panel key) and will be shown as

offers you a choice of functions. In this

, are pressed the first time, a mea-

. The softkeys displayed

Off

is highlighted. An On or

Freerun

Triggered

is highlighted. A

Measure

section.

Time-

is high-

1-9

Getting Started

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment

Verify that all system components ordered have arrived by comparing the shipping forms to the original purchase order. Inspect all shipping containers. The shipment includes:

• Agilent 83487A with the ordered options and adapters.

• 5 dB optical attenuator and patch cord, 1 each

• APC 3.5 (f-f) adapter, Agilent part number 5061-5311, 2 each

• SMA 50Ω termination, Agilent part number 1810-0118, 2 each

If your shipment is damaged or incomplete, save the packing materials and notify both the shipping carrier and the nearest Agilent Technologies service office. Agilent Technologies will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged or incomplete shipments without waiting for a settlement from the transportation company. Notify the Agilent Technologies customer engineer of any problems.

Make sure that the serial number and options listed on the instrument’s rear- panel label match the serial number and options listed on the shipping document.

1-10

Step 2. Install the Plug-in Module

Getting Started

CAUTION

You do modules.

The plug-in module can be installed in slots 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 on the Agilent 83480A or Agilent 54750A mainframe. The plug-in module will function if it is installed in slots 2 and 3.

To make sure the analyzer meets all of the published specifications, there must be a good ground connection from the plug-in module to the mainframe. The RF connectors on the rear of the plug-in module are spring-loaded, so finger-tighten the knurled screw on the front panel of the plug-in module to make sure the plug-in is securely seated in the mainframe.

Do not use non-Agilent Technologies extender cables to operate the plug-in module outside of the mainframe. The plug-in module can be damaged by improper grounding when using extender cables.

not

need to turn off the mainframe to install or remove the plug-in

Note

If you wish to use the Agilent 83487A in an Agilent 54750A digitizing oscilloscope, a firmware upgrade must first be installed. Order the Agilent 83480K communications firmware kit and follow the installation instructions.

not

Note

Use of the Agilent 83487A requires that firmware revision A.06.0 or later be installed in the Agilent 83480A or Agilent 54750A mainframe.

1-11

Getting Started

Returning the Instrument for Service

The instructions in this section show you how to properly return the instrument for repair or calibration. Always call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center first to initiate service service office. This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be properly tracked and that your instrument will be returned to you as quickly as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located. Refer to “Agilent Technologies Service Offices” on page 5-24 for a list of service offices.

Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . (800) 403-0801

If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit.

When an instrument is returned to a Agilent Technologies service office for servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of the failure symptoms attached. When describing the failure, please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as the instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error messages) along with the instrument being returned.

before

returning your instrument to a

Preparing the instrument for shipping

Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument. Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following

1-12

Getting Started

Returning the Instrument for Service

information should be returned with the instrument.

• Type of service required.

• Date instrument was returned for repair.

• Description of the problem:

• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.

• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.

• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.

• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.

• Performance data.

• Company name and return address.

• Name and phone number of technical contact person.

• Model number of returned instrument.

• Full serial number of returned instrument.

• List of any accessories returned with instrument.

Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument.

CAUTION

Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust.

Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.

Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are available through any Agilent Technologies office. Or, use the following guidelines:

• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage

caused by electrostatic discharge.

• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-

rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.

• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on

all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accommodate the weight of the instrument.

• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches) of packing ma-

terial, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from

1-13

Getting Started

Returning the Instrument for Service

Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this material will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.

Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.

Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.

Retain copies of all shipping papers.

1-14

Channel Setup Menu 2-2 Displaying the Channel Setup Menus 2-5

Channel Setup Menu

This chapter describes the Channel Setup menu. A key tree and description of the available functions is included.

CAUTION

At the top of the plug-in module are the access to the Channel Setup menu for each input. The Channel Setup menu is displayed on the right side of the screen when the There are several types of softkeys available. A description of the different softkeys and their functions is provided in the

User’s Quick Start Guide

NOTE

The plug-in module has both an electrical channel and an optical channel. Although many of the softkeys are similar, some differences exist. Examples in this book using the optical channel will note when the user would see differences if using the electrical channel.

supplied with the mainframe.

Channel

keys. These keys give you

Channel

key is pressed.

Agilent 83480A, 54750A

2-2

Channel Setup Menu

Figure 2-1. Optical Channel Setup menu.

2-3

Channel Setup Menu

Figure 2-2. Electrical Channel Setup menu.

2-4

Displaying the Channel Setup Menus

Channel Setup Menu

To display the optical Channel Setup menu, press the located above the optical input connector.

To display the electrical Channel Setup menu, press the located above the electrical input connector.

Optical Channel

key

Electrical Channel

key

2-5

Channel Setup Menu

Display

The play is on, a waveform is displayed for that channel, unless the offset is adjusted so the waveform is clipped off the display.

The channel number, vertical scaling, and offset are displayed at the bottom left of the waveform area. They remain on the display until the channel is turned off, or an automatic measurement is performed. The automatic measurement results share the same area of the display as the channel setups.

When the channel display is off, the waveform display for that channel is turned off, pulse parameter measurements are stopped and acquisition on that channel is stopped, unless it is needed as an operand for waveform math functions.

Even though the channel display is off, you can still use the plug-in as a trigger source or as a function source in the Math menu. However, the analyzer will not trigger unless one or more of the other channel displays are turned on, or unless a math function is using one of the channels.

softkey turns the channel display off and on. When the channel dis-

Key Path

Channel,

Display

Scale

The mode is off, then the knob and arrow keys change the vertical scaling in a 1-2-5 sequence. When fine mode is on, the knob and arrow keys change the vertical scaling in 1 mV increments. You can also use the keypad to enter values in 1 mV increments, independent of the fine mode selection.

The scale will be displayed in volts or watts, as selected by the (Amperes, or unknown are available on electrical channels only.)

Channel,

2-6

softkey controls the vertical scaling of the waveform. If the fine

Units

softkey.

Scale

Channel Setup Menu

Offset

The control on analog oscilloscopes. The advantage of digital offset is that it is calibrated. The offset voltage for electrical channels is the voltage at the center of the graticule area, and the range of offset is ±12 times the full resolution channel scale. For optical channels, the offset wattage is the wattage two graticule divisions above the bottom of the screen. This is set because, unlike voltage displays, "negative" power levels do not exist but the zero power level can be viewed clearly when the offset is set to zero watts. You can use the knob, arrow keys, or keypad to change the offset setting. The fine mode also works with offset.

When an Agilent 54700-series active probe is connected to the probe power connector, the offset control adjusts the external scale factor and offset of the hybrid inside the active probe. A probe connected to the auxiliary power connector will function, but the channel scale factor will ically.

The optical channel displays the value in watts and the electrical channel displays the value in volts.

softkey moves the waveform vertically. It is similar to the position

not

be adjusted automat-

Key Path

Channel,

Offset

Bandwidth/Wavelength....

You can use the wavelength settings.

Bandwidth

This function is available on the electrical channel only.

You can use the bandwidth.

Channel,

Filter

The

Bandwidth/Wavelength

Filter

function turns the filter on and off.

Bandwidth/Wavelength

Bandwidth

function to select either the 12.4 GHz or 20 GHz

, Bandwidth

....

.... softkey to change the bandwidth and

2-7

Channel Setup Menu

Channel autoscale

Key Path

Channel

Wavelength

This function is available on the optical channel only.

The surements. The factory calibrated wavelength is 850 nm. A user-calibrated wavelength is also available and can be calibrated in the range from 750 nm to 860 nm. Refer to Chapter 3, “Calibration Overview” for additional information on performing a calibration.

Channel

Filter

This function selects the specific filter for the type of compliance testing to be performed.

Channel

Bandwidth/Wavelength...., Filter On Off

Wavelength

function selects the desired wavelength for calibrated mea-

Bandwidth/Wavelength

, Wavelength

....

Filter, 1063 Mb/s

....,

1250 Mb/s

Channel autoscale

The mining the standard vertical scale setting with the highest resolution that will not clip the waveform. Timebase and trigger settings are

This function is useful in manufacturing environments where the timebase and trigger settings remain constant and only the vertical scale needs to be adjusted for signal level variations in multiple devices under test.

softkey provides a convenient and fast method for deter-

not

affected.

Key Path

Channel,

2-8

Channel autoscale

Channel Setup Menu

External scale....

External scale

The cal-to-electrical converters or attenuators. Scaling is automatically adjusted to account for the external device.

softkey allows you to set up the analyzer to use external opti-

Key Path

Channel,

External scale

....

Atten units

The

function lets you select how you want the probe attenuation factor represented. The choices are decibel or ratio. The formula for calculating decibels is:

Vout

------------log or10

Vin

Pout

------------log

Attenuation

The

function lets you select an attenuation that matches the device connected to the analyzer. When the attenuation is set correctly, the analyzer maintains the current scale factors if possible. All marker values and voltage or wattage measurements will reflect the actual signal at the input to the external device.

The attenuation range is from 0.0001:1 to 1,000,000:1. When you connect a compatible active probe to the probe power connector, adjacent to the channel input, the instrument automatically sets the attenuation. For all other devices, set the probe attenuation with the knob, arrow keys, or keypad.

Note

Key Path

Refer to Chapter 3, “Calibration Overview” for information on calibrating to the tip of the probe.

Channel,

External scale

, Attenuation

....

2-9

Channel Setup Menu

External scale....

Units

The

function lets you select the unit of measure appended to the channel scale, offset, trigger level, and vertical measurement values. For the optical channel these units are Volts or Watts. For the electrical channel the units are Volts, Amperes, Watts, or unknown. Use Volt for voltage probes, Ampere for current probes, Watt for optical-to-electrical (O/E) converters, and unknown when there is no unit of measure or when the unit of measure is not one of the available choices.

Key Path

Channel,

External scale

....

, Units

Ext gain and Ext offset

When you select Ampere, Watt, or unknown on an electrical channel or Voltage on an optical channel, two additional functions become available: External Gain and External Offset. These two additional functions allow you to compensate for the actual characteristics of the probe rather than the ideal characteristics. For example, you might have an amplified lightwave converter with ideal characteristics of 300 V/W with 0 V offset, but actual characteristics of 324 V/W with 1 mV of output offset. In this case you would set the External Gain to 324 V/W and the External Offset to 1 mV.

Channel,

Channel

External scale

, External scale

External scale

, Units, Volt, Ext gain

....

, Units, Watt, Ext gain

....

, Units, Unknown, Ext gain

....

Ext offset

2-10

Channel Setup Menu

Calibrate

The remove the effects of offsets in the internal O/E converter, recalibrate the responsivity of the O/E converter, and check the present calibration status of the analyzer.

softkey allows you to null any skew between probes or cables,

Key Path

Channel,

Skew

The play. The sate for differences in cable or probe lengths. It also allows you to place the triggered edge at the center of the display when you are using a power splitter connected between the channel and trigger inputs. Another use for skew is when you are comparing two waveforms that have a timing difference. If you are interested in comparing the shapes of two waveforms rather than the actual timing difference, you can use the other waveform.

Channel,

Calibrate

Skew

function changes the horizontal position of a waveform on the dis-

Skew

function has a range of ≈ +100 µs. You can use skew to compen-

Skew

to overlay one waveform on top of

To skew two channels

Turn both channels on and overlay the signals vertically.

Expand the time base so the rising edges are at about a 45 degree angle.

Adjust the skew on one of the channels so that the rising edges overlap at the 50 percent points.

Calibrate, Skew

2-11

Channel Setup Menu

Calibrate

Cal status

The

function displays a screen similar to Figure 2-3.

Key Path

Current Date

Current Frame ∆Temp

Channel,

Calibrate, Cal Status

Figure 2-3. A typical Cal Status display.

This is the current date and time. You can compare this to the last plug-in module calibration time to see how long it has been since calibration was performed.

This is the temperature change on the inside of the instrument since the last mainframe calibration was performed. The number indicates how many degrees warmer or cooler the mainframe is compared to the last calibration.

Channel 1 Calibration Status

The instrument displays

Calibrated

Uncalibrated

, depending on whether the last plug-in module calibration is still valid. A calibration can be invalidated if:

• The mainframe has cycled power.

• The plug-in has been repaired, reprogrammed, or removed from the

mainframe.

• The instrument’s operating temperature has changed and remains more than 5°C from the temperature at which the Plug-in calibration was performed.

Uncalibrated

2-12

indicates the plug-in module vertical calibration is invalid.

Channel Setup Menu

Calibrate

Plug-in

Key Path

This function lists the model number, serial number, date, time, and temperature delta. The temperature ∆ is the mainframe temperature change since the last calibration. If this temperature ∆ is greater than ±5°C since the last mainframe calibration, then you must perform a plug-in module calibration to achieve the specified dc accuracy.

Offset zero

The

function performs a quick offset calibration on the optical channel. Since the primary source of calibration error on the optical channel is offset drift, this function is useful:

• after the plug-in module vertical calibration described in Chapter 3, “Cali-

bration Overview” has been performed,

and

• if the plug-in module has not been removed and reinstalled.

Performing an Offset zero calibration is much faster than performing a complete vertical calibration.

Channel,

Calibrate, Offset zero

O/E cal

The plug-in module is provided with factory optical calibrations at 850 nm and 1550 nm. The

O/E cal

function allows you to calibrate the instrument for use at one additional user-defined wavelength between 750 nm and 860 nm. This calibration does

not

affect the factory calibrations.

Key Path

Calibrate probe

Connect a voltage probe to the plug-in and press

Calibrate probe.

The analyzer calibrates to the tip of the probe by setting the probe attenuation to the actual attenuation ratio of the probe. The analyzer also automatically compensates for any offset the probe may introduce. The CAL signal is internally routed to the probe tip for Agilent Technologies probes.

Channel,

Calibrate, Calibrate probe

2-13

Factory Calibrations 3-4 User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical 3-7 Complete Calibration Summary 3-19

Calibration Overview

This chapter describes the calibration of the mainframe and the plug-in modules. It is intended to give you, or the calibration laboratory personnel, an understanding of the various calibration procedures available, and how they were intended to be used. There is a description of the calibration menu included in the manuals provided with the plug-in modules and probes.

Proper calibration is critical to measurement accuracy and repeatability. The Agilent 54750A/83480A and their associated modules and accessories require that both factory and user calibrations be implemented at the recommended intervals in order to perform measurements at their published specifications.

This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section describes factory calibrations. A factory calibration consists of verifying instrument performance to all specifications. If an instrument fails to meet specifications, adjustment or repair may be necessary. For most users, this will mean shipping the instrument back to an authorized service center. Some users may purchase the required instrumentation and perform the factory timebase calibrations themselves using the optional

Guide

The second part of the chapter addresses calibrations that are routinely performed by the end user. Subsections in each of the two main sections discuss the individual calibrations. In addition, there are summary tables at the end of each of these sections summarizing the main areas addressed. The third part of the chapter consists of a complete calibration summary table. Both factory and user calibrations must be performed regularly in order to ensure proper measurement accuracy and repeatability.

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service

3-2

Calibration Overview

CAUTION

The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Avoid applying static discharges to the front-panel input connectors. Before connecting a coaxial cable to the connectors, momentarily short the center and outer connectors of the cable together. Avoid touching the front panel input connectors without first touching the frame of the instrument. Be sure that the instrument is properly earth-grounded to prevent buildup of static charge. It is strongly recommended that an antistatic mat and wristband be used when connecting to electrical channel inputs.

Calibration interval

Agilent Technologies recommends that the factory calibration be performed on a periodic basis. Agilent Technologies designs instruments to meet specifications over the recommended calibration interval provided that the instrument is operated within the specified operating environment. To maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We recommend that the plug-in module be calibrated at an Agilent Technologies service facility every 12 months. Users are encouraged to adjust the calibration cycle based on their particular operating environment or measurement accuracy needs.

Required warm-up time

The instrument requires a 1 hour warm-up period before any of the calibrations mentioned in this chapter are performed. It is not enough for the instrument to be in the standby setting. It must be turned on and running for the entire hour.

Remote operation

Remote programming commands for calibrations are included in the

Agilent 83480A/54750A Programming’s Guide

. Performing calibrations

remotely is slightly different than the operation of front-panel calibrations.

3-3

Calibration Overview

Factory Calibrations

The following calibrations are performed at the factory:

Mainframe Calibration O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration

Table 3-1. Factory Calibration Summary

Calibration What is calibrated

Mainframe Calibration

O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration

a. Refer to “O/E User-Wavelength Calibration” on page 3-9.

Accuracy and continuity of the timescale

The photodetector responsivity

Mainframe Calibration

Mainframe calibration affects both optical and electrical measurements. Mainframe calibration improves timebase accuracy. All timebase measurements such as rise time, fall time, eye width, jitter, and so forth are affected by the timebase accuracy.

The calibration factors are stored in the nonvolatile RAM of the instrument. There is a switch on the back panel of the instrument that allows the mainframe calibration to be protected or unprotected. Next to the switch there is a drawing that shows each switch’s function and protected position. Refer to the

Measurements Affected

Channels affected: optical & electrical. All time base measurements such as rise time, fall time, eye width, and jitter.

Channels affected: optical. Amplitude accuracy of all optical channel measurements. Optical power meter accuracy.

Recommended Interval

Annually at Agilent service center or if operating temp has changed and remains 5°C or more from calibration temperature. See service manual.

Annual factory recalibration of standard wavelengths.

Softkey Path

Utility

Calibrate Calibrate frame

Not user accessible.

3-4

Calibration Overview

Factory Calibrations

CAUTION

optional

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

for more details about the mainframe calibration, and the position of the rear-panel memory protect switches.

To prevent access to the mainframe calibration switch, place a sticker over the access hole to this switch.

Do not attempt a Mainframe calibration without consulting the

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

A mainframe calibration should be performed on a periodic basis, annually, or when the ambient operating temperature has changed by and remains 5°C different than the operating temperature at which the last mainframe calibration was performed. To see how much the operating temperature has changed since the last mainframe calibration and the date of the last mainframe calibration, check the Calibration status by pressing the following key sequence:

Utility

Calibrate

, and then

Cal status

The temperature change is displayed at the top of the display as shown in the following figure.

Figure 3-1. Current Frame ∆Temp condition

3-5

Calibration Overview

Factory Calibrations

Current Frame ∆Temp

If the frame should either be calibrated at the current operating temperature or be placed in an ambient air temperature that is within 5°C of the temperature of the current calibration.

listing is greater than ±5°C, then the main-

O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration

Optical/electrical (O/E) factory wavelength calibration, compensates for the photodetector responsivity. The accuracy of all optical channel measurements is dependent on proper O/E calibration. O/E calibrations should be performed annually. Most customers return their optical plug-ins to an authorized Agilent Technologies service center for this calibration at the same time they are having their mainframes re-calibrated.

The Agilent 83480-series optical modules have one or two standard wavelengths (850 nm or 1310/1550 nm). The O/E Calibration function allows you to calibrate the instrument for use at one additional user-defined wavelength. This calibration does not affect the factory calibrations. See the following section on User Calibrations for additional information on this procedure.

3-6

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

The following calibrations can be performed by the user:

O/E User Wavelength Calibration Plug-in Module Vertical Calibration Offset Zero Calibration Dark Calibration Probe Calibration Channel Skew External Scale

Electrical channels have calibration procedures for:

• adjusting timebase skew, for matching propagation delay between channels, probes, cables, and so forth

CAUTION

• using external probes

Optical channels have calibration procedures for:

• adjusting timebase skew

• monitoring and adjusting internal offsets

• performing a user-defined O/E responsivity adjustment

The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Avoid applying static discharges to the front panel input connectors. Before connecting a coaxial cable to the connectors, momentarily short the center and outer connectors of the cable together. Avoid touching the front panel input connectors without first touching the frame of the instrument. Be sure the instrument is properly earth-grounded to prevent buildup of static charge. An antistatic mat and wristband are strongly recommended, particularly when working with TDR modules.

3-7

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

Table 3-2. Optical and Electrical Channel User Calibration Summary

Calibration What is calibrated

O/E User Wavelength Calibration

Plug-in Vertical Calibration

Offset Zero Calibration

Dark Calibration Dark calibration

The photodetector responsivity

Vertical offset and vertical scale accuracy for both electrical and optical channels.

Vertical offset is calibrated for the optical channel only. This calibration doesn’t include vertical scale accuracy.

measures the channel offset signal without any light present and this value is used in the extinction ratio algorithm.

Measurements Affected

Channels affected: optical. All optical channel measurements at user wavelengths.

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Any optical or electrical vertical measurements such as V

, eye height,

p to p extinction ratio, and the optical power meter

Channels affected: optical. Any optical vertical measurements including: V height, and extinction ratio.

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Extinction ratio.

p to p

, eye

Recommended Interval

Annual re-calibration of user defined nonfactory wavelengths

Perform after any power cycle or once every 10 hours during continuous use or if operating temperature changes by more than 2°C.

Perform a plug-in vertical calibration in order to meet published specifications. Because the offset zero calibration performs only the offset portion of the plug-in vertical calibration, it should only be used before fast non-critical measurements.

Before extinction ratio measurements if the vertical scale or offset has changed since the last dark calibration or after a plug-in vertical calibration is performed.

Key Path

Optical Channel Setup

Calibrate O/E Cal

Utility

Calibrate Calibrate Plug-in

Optical Channel Setup

Calibrate Offset 0

Shift, Meas eye

Extinction ratio Dark Cal

3-8

Table 3-3. Miscellaneous User Calibration Summary

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

Calibration What is calibrated

Probe calibration Probe Attenuation Channels affected:

Channel Skew Calibrates out the

small differences in delay between channels. Useful for looking at timing differences between channels

External Scale Compensates for gain

or loss associated with external devices (calibrates vertical scale to external device

Measurements Affected

electrical. Any electrical measurement taken with the probe

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Multiple channel measurements.

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Any measurement taken through an external device (component or transducer

O/E User-Wavelength Calibration

This optional optical/electrical (O/E) calibration is for optical measurements only. It compensates for the photodetector’s responsivity. The vertical accuracy of all optical channel user wavelength measurements is dependent on proper O/E user wavelength calibration. O/E user-wavelength calibrations should be performed annually or whenever a new wavelength is being measured. To perform a O/E user-wavelength calibration, a CW optical source with a known optical output power level is required. Refer to the specifications for the plug-in module for the acceptable power level ranges.

Recommended Interval

Whenever a probe is connected

Before multiple channel measurements when measuring timing differences between channels.

Whenever using external devices (component or transducer)

Key Path

Electrical Channel Setup

Calibrate Calibrate probe

Channel Setup

Calibrate Skew

Channel Setup

External Scale

3-9

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

NOTE

The optical channel calibration accuracy is heavily dependent on the accuracy to which you know the optical source power. For best results, measure the optical source power with an optical power meter such as the Agilent 8153A and use precision optical connectors. In addition, proper connector cleaning procedures are essential to obtaining an accurate calibration.

To perform an O/E user-wavelength calibration

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel optical channel

Press

Calibrate

, and then

O/E cal

Input the correct wavelength, and follow the instructions on the screen.

SETUP

key.

Figure 3-2. Plug-in calibration menu

To use an O/E user-wavelength calibration

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel optical channel

Bandwidth/wavelength

Press

Usr wavelength

Press

3-10

and then

wavelength

Enter

SETUP

key.

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

Plug-in Module Vertical Calibration

The plug-in module vertical calibration is for both optical and electrical measurements. It allows the instrument to establish the calibration factors for a specific plug-in when the plug-in is installed in the mainframe. The plug-in calibration factors are valid only for the specific mainframe slot in which it was calibrated. The plug-in vertical calibration establishes vertical accuracy.

A plug-in vertical calibration should be done if:

• The mainframe has cycled power.

• The plug-in has been repaired, reprogrammed, or removed from the

mainframe.

• The instrument’s operating temperature has changed and remains more than 5°C from the temperature at which the Plug-in calibration was performed.

To obtain the best measurement results, it is recommended that a user vertical calibration be performed after every 10 hours of continuous use or if the temperature has changed by greater than 2°C from the previous vertical calibration.

To view the temperature change

This procedure displays the temperature change that the instrument has undergone since the last Plug-in Vertical Calibration.

Press the front-panel channel

Calibrate

Press

The current plug-in ∆Temp value is listed for each installed module.

To perform a plug-in module vertical calibration

Remove any front-panel connections from electrical channels.

Cover the optical inputs for the optical channels.

Utility

Press

Select the plug-in module to be calibrated, press

Start cal

Press

Follow the on-screen instructions.

and then

Calibrate

..., and then

to start the calibration.

SETUP

Cal status on

Calibrate plug-in

key.

....

1 and 2

3 and 4

3-11

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

No additional equipment is required to perform a plug-in vertical calibration. Reference signals are both generated and routed internally, for the optical and electrical channels. If you are prompted to connect the calibrator output to the electrical channel during an optical vertical calibration, then the factory O/E calibration has been lost. The module must then be returned to Agilent Technologies for calibration.

Offset Zero Calibration

The offset zero calibration performs a quick offset calibration on the optical channel for optical measurements. Since the primary source of calibration error on the optical channel is offset drift, this function is useful between the plug-in module vertical calibrations if the plug-in module has not been removed or reinstalled and the operating temperature has not changed more than ±5°C. In order to ensure that instrument specifications are met, perform the plug-in vertical calibration.

Performing an offset zero calibration is much faster than performing a complete vertical calibration. For critical measurements where offset measurement uncertainty is important to consider, perform an offset zero calibration between module vertical calibrations. Perform an offset zero calibration if the vertical scale or offset changes.

To initiate an offset calibration

Disconnect all inputs from the module being calibrated.

Cover all optical inputs.

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel optical channel

Press

3-12

Calibrate

and then

Offset zero

SETUP

key.

Figure 3-3. Offset Zero Calibration

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

Dark Calibration

The dark calibration is for optical measurements, or electrical measurements if an external O/E is being used. This calibration measures the optical channel offset signal when there isn’t any light present and then uses this information in performing extinction ratio measurements. Dark calibrations should be done for the following conditions:

• Before any critical extinction ratio measurements are made

• After a plug-in vertical calibration

• If a module has been removed

• If the mainframe power has been cycled

• If extinction ratio measurements are being made after the vertical scale or the

offset has changed.

If the line power has been cycled, the dark calibration invokes either the offset zero calibration or plug-in vertical calibration as needed. This increases the time required for the dark calibration to complete. The located within the Extinction ratio menu.

Dark cal

softkey is

3-13

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

To initiate a dark calibration

Press the

Display

key. Press the

Color grade

softkey, and set its setting to on.

Color grade must be enabled to perform an extinction ratio measurement and a dark calibration. In addition, the dark level (amplitude when there is no signal present) must be on the screen to perform a dark calibration.

Press the blue shift key, and then the

Meas eye

softkey which is located beneath

the display.

Press

Extinction ratio

... and then

Dark cal

Disconnect all inputs from the module, including the trigger signal, and block any ambient light to the photodetector with a connector plug. Follow the instructions on the screen.

Figure 3-4. Dark calibration menu

3-14

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

Channel Skew Calibration

This calibration affects both optical and electrical measurements. The skew calibration changes the horizontal position of a waveform on the display. The skew calibration has a range of approximately 100 µs. You can use skew to compensate for the differences in cable or probe lengths. It also allows you to place the trigger edge at the center of the display when you are using a power splitter connected between the channel and trigger inputs. Another use for skew is when you are comparing two waveforms that have a timing difference. If you are interested in comparing the shapes of two waveforms rather than the actual timing difference, you can use skew to overlay one waveform on top of the other waveform.

To skew two channels

Turn both channels on and overlay the signals vertically.

Expand the time base so that the rising edges are at about a 45° angle.

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

Calibrate

Press

Adjust the skew on one of the channels so that the rising edges overlap at the 50% points.

and then

Skew

SETUP

key.

Probe Calibration

Probe calibration applies to electrical measurements only. For active probes such as the Agilent 54701A, which the instrument can identify through the probe power connector, the instrument automatically adjusts the channel vertical scale factors to the probe’s nominal attenuation, even if a probe calibration is not performed.

For passive probes or non-identified probes, the instrument adjusts the vertical scale factors only if a probe calibration is performed. Probe calibration allows the instrument to establish the gain and offset of specific probes that are connected to a channel of the instrument, and then apply those factors to the calibration of that channel.

The analyzer calibrates to the tip of the probe by setting the probe attenuation to the actual attenuation ratio of the probe. The CAL signal is internally routed to the probe tip for Agilent Technologies active probes.

3-15

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

The mainframe’s CAL signal is a voltage source, therefore you can let the instrument compensate for the actual characteristics of your probe by letting the instrument calibrate to the tip of the probe. The instrument automatically calibrates to the tip of the probe, sets the probe attenuation, and compensates for any probe offset.

If you do not perform a probe calibration but want to use a passive probe, enter the attenuation factor using the following steps:

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

Press

External scale

and then

Attenuation

SETUP

key.

You can use the probe calibration to calibrate any network, including probes or cable assemblies. The instrument calibrates the voltage at the tip of the probe or the cable input.

To calibrate an Agilent Technologies identifiable probe

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel-channel

Press

Calibrate

and then

Calibrate Probe

SETUP

key.

To calibrate a non-identifiable probe

Connect the voltage probe to the plug-in.

Attach the probe tip to the CAL hook that is located near the floppy disk drive.

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

Press

Calibrate

and then

Calibrate probe

SETUP

key.

If the probe being calibrated has an attenuation factor that allows the instrument to adjust the gain (in hardware) to produce even steps in the vertical scale factors, the instrument will do so. Typically, probes have standard attenuation factors such as divide by 10, divide by 20, or divide by 100.

3-16

Figure 3-5. Electrical Channel Calibrate Menu

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

To calibrate other devices

The information in this section applies to both optical and electrical measurements. Since the mainframe’s CAL signal is a voltage source, it cannot be used to calibrate to the probe tip when the units are set to Ampere, Watt, or Unknown. Instead, set the external gain and external offset to compensate for the actual characteristics of the probe or device. If you do not know the actual characteristics, you can refer to the typical specifications that came with the probe or device.

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

External scale

Press

Atten units Ratio

Press

Attenuation 1:1

, and then

SETUP

key.

Units Ampere

(Volt, Watt, or

Unknown).

Press

Ext gain

, and enter the actual gain characteristics of the probe or device.

Ext offset

, and enter the offset introduced by the probe or device.

3-17

Calibration Overview

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

External Scale

Both optical and electrical channels have an External scale setting which allows the user to enter in an offset value to compensate for gains or losses not associated with the device under test. This feature is useful for adjusting out the effects of devices such as test fixtures and attenuators so that the reading on the display gives the measurement value associated with only the actual device under test.

To adjust the external scale

Press the plug-in module’s front-panel channel

Press

External scale

Attenuation

, and set the

Atten units

, and enter the appropriate values.

Figure 3-6. External Scale Menu

SETUP

to "decibel".

key.

3-18

Complete Calibration Summary

Table 3-4. Complete Calibration Summary (1 of 2)

Calibration Overview

Complete Calibration Summary

Calibration What is calibrated

Mainframe Calibration Accuracy and

continuity of the timescale

O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration

O/E User Wavelength Calibration

Plug-in Vertical Calibration

The photodetector responsivity

Vertical offset and vertical scale accuracy for both electrical and optical channels.

Measurements Affected

Channels affected: optical & electrical. All time base measurements such as rise time, fall time, eye width, and jitter.

Channels affected: optical. Amplitude accuracy of all optical channel measurements. Optical power meter accuracy.

Channels affected: optical. All optical channel measurements at user wavelengths.

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Any optical or electrical vertical measurements such as V extinction ratio, and the optical power meter

p to p

, eye height,

Recommended Interval

Annually at Agilent service center or if operating temp has changed and remains 5°C or more from calibration temperature. See service manual.

Annual factory recalibration of standard wavelengths.

Annual re-calibration of user defined nonfactory wavelengths

Perform after any power cycle or once every 10 hours during continuous use or if operating temperature changes by more than 2°C.

Key Path

Utility

Calibrate Calibrate frame

Not user accessible.

Optical Channel Setup

Calibrate O/E Cal

Utility

Calibrate Calibrate Plug-in

3-19

Calibration Overview

Complete Calibration Summary

Table 3-4. Complete Calibration Summary (2 of 2)

Calibration What is calibrated

Offset Zero Calibration Vertical offset is

calibrated for the optical channel only. This calibration doesn’t include vertical scale

Measurements Affected

Channels affected: optical. Any optical vertical measurements including: V

p to p height, and extinction ratio.

accuracy.

Dark Calibration Dark calibration

measures the channel offset signal without

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Extinction ratio.

any light present and this value is used in the extinction ratio algorithm.

Probe calibration Probe Attenuation Channels affected:

electrical. Any electrical measurement taken with the probe

Channel Skew Calibrates out the

small differences in delay between channels. Useful for

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Multiple channel measurements.

looking at timing differences between channels

External Scale Compensates for gain

or loss associated with external devices (calibrates vertical scale to external device

Channels affected: optical & electrical. Any measurement taken through an external device (component or transducer)

a. Refer to “O/E User-Wavelength Calibration” on page 3-9.

Recommended Interval

Perform a plug-in vertical calibration in order to meet

, eye

published specifications. Because the offset zero calibration performs only the offset portion of the plug-in vertical calibration, it should only be used before fast non-critical measurements.

Before extinction ratio measurements if the vertical scale or offset has changed since the last dark calibration or after a plug-in vertical calibration is performed.

Whenever a probe is connected

Before multiple channel measurements when measuring timing differences between channels.

Whenever using external devices (component or transducer)

Key Path

Optical Channel Setup

Calibrate Offset 0

Shift, Meas eye

Extinction ratio Dark Cal

Electrical Channel Setup

Calibrate Calibrate probe

Channel Setup

Calibrate Skew

Channel Setup External Scale

3-20

Specifications 4-3 Characteristics 4-8 Declaration of Conformity 4-9

Specifications and Regulatory Information

This chapter lists specifications and characteristics of the Agilent 83487A. Specifications apply over the temperature range +15°C to +35°C (unless otherwise noted) after the instrument’s temperature has been stabilized after 60 minutes of continuous operation.

Refer to the specifications.

Agilent 54701A Active Probe Service Guide

for complete probe

Specifications Specifications

Characteristics Characteristics

tions and performance of the instrument.

italics.

Calibration cycle

Agilent Technologies designs instruments to meet specifications over the recommended calibration interval provided that the instrument is operated within the specified operating environment. To maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We recommend that the plug-in module be calibrated at an Agilent Technologies service facility every 24 months. Users are encouraged to adjust the calibration cycle based on their particular operating environment or measurement accuracy needs.

described warranted performance.

provide useful, nonwarranted, information about the func-

Characteristics are printed in

4-2

Specifications

Table 4-1. Agilent 83487A Electrical Channel Vertical Specifications

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Bandwidth (–3 dB)

dc Accuracy—single voltage marker

12.4 GHz

20 GHz

dc Difference—two marker accuracy on same channel

12.4 GHz

20 GHz

Transition Time (10% to 90%) calculated from T=0.35/BW, characteristic

dc to 12.4 GHz or 20 GHz, user selectable

0.4% of full scale

2 mV ±1.5% (reading – channel offset)

(2%/°C) (∆T

0.4% of full scale

2 mV ±3% of reading– channel offset

(2%/°C) (∆T

0.8% of full scale

1.5% of delta marker reading

(2%/°C) (∆T

0.8% of full scale

3% of delta marker reading

(2%/°C) (∆T

b) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

c) (reading)

cal

) (reading)

cal

) (reading)

cal

) (reading)

cal

12.4 GHz

20 GHz

Maximum RMS Noise

12.4 GHz

≤

28.2 ps

≤

17.5 ps

≤

0.5 mV (0.25 mV typical)

4-3

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Table 4-1. Agilent 83487A Electrical Channel Vertical Specifications (Continued)

20 GHz

≤

1 mV (0.5 mV typical)

Scale Factor (full scale is eight divisions)

Minimum 1 mV/div

Maximum 100 mV/div

dc Offset Range

Nominal Impedance

500 mV

Ω

Connector 3.5 mm (m)

Reflections

Dynamic Range

Maximum Safe Input Voltage

a. It is recommended that a user vertical calibration be performed after every 10 hours of continuous use or if the temperature has changed

by greater than 2

b. Where

c. Where

∆

zero upon execution of a vertical calibration.

∆

This term goes to zero upon execution of a vertical calibration.

C from the previous vertical calibration.

represents the temperature change in Celsius from the last user vertical calibration. Note that the temperature term goes to

cal

Time

represents the time since the last user vertical calibration. The uncertainty due to time typically stabilizes after 24 hours.

cal

≤

5% for 30 ps rise time

400 mV relative to channel offset

16 dBm peak ac

2V dc

4-4

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Table 4-2. Agilent 83487A Optical Channel Vertical Specifications

Bandwidth (–3 dB) dc to 2.85 GHz (dc to 3.0 GHz characteristic)

Maximum Specified Peak Input Power

Continuous Wave 0.6 mW (–2.2 dBm)

Modulated 0.4 mW (–4 dBm)

dc Accuracy (single markerb)

0.4% of full scale ±6 µW

3% (reading – channel offset)

(2%/°C) (∆T

d) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

e) (reading)

cal

Specifications

dc Difference (two marker accuracy, same channel

b) c

Transition Time (10% to 90%), calculated

0.8% of full scale

3% of delta marker reading

(2%/°C) (∆T

) (reading) – 0.4%/hr (∆Time

cal

<160 ps, unfiltered mode

) (reading)

cal

from T=0.48/bandwidth, optical

RMS Noise, filtered or unfiltered mode

Characteristic: < 1.5 µW Maximum: < 2.5

Scale Factor (full scale is eight divisions)

Minimum

Maximum

100

W/div

dc Offset Range +0.2 mW to –0.6 mW, referenced to two divisions

above bottom of screen

Connector Type

Input Return Loss

62.5/125

20 dB (HMS-10 connector with fully filled 62.5

m maximum multimode, user selectable connector option

m fiber)

Filtered Bandwidth

Measured response conforms to: Reference receiver specifications for Fibre Channel 1063 and Gigabit Ethernet

1250.

Calibrated Wavelength 850 nm

Average Power Monitor

4-5

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Table 4-2. Agilent 83487A Optical Channel Vertical Specifications (Continued)

Specified operating range (average power)

Maximum peak power input (typical)

Factory calibrated accuracy (20

User calibrated accuracy

C to 30°C)

–30 dBm to –2.2 dBm (1 µW to 500 µW)

W (6 dBm) typical)

(4000

5% of reading ±100 nW ± connector uncertainty

2% of reading ±100 nW ± power meter uncertainty

(<5°C temp change)

Maximum Safe Input 10 mW peak

Wavelength Range 750 to 860 nm

a. Exceeding the specified input power level will cause waveform distortion. b. Referenced to average power monitor. c. It is recommended that a user vertical calibration be performed after every 10 hours of continuous use or if the temperature has changed

by greater than 2

d. Where

e. Where

f. A user calibration can be performed with average optical power levels from 100 to 400

∆

zero upon execution of a vertical calibration.

∆

This term goes to zero upon execution of a vertical calibration.

specification is only valid for average optical calibration powers of

50 µW.

200

C from the previous vertical calibration.

represents the temperature change in Celsius from the last user vertical calibration. Note that the temperature term goes to

cal

Time

represents the time since the last user vertical calibration. The uncertainty due to time typically stabilizes after 24 hours.

cal

W, however, the instrument optical accuracy

Table 4-3. Electrical and Optical Channels

Temperature

Operating Non-operating

Humidity

Operating Non-operating

4-6

C to +35°C

–40

C to +70°C

up to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing) at up to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing) at

≤35° ≤65°

C C

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Table 4-4. Power Requirements

Supplied by mainframe.

Table 4-5. Weight

Net approximately 1.2 kg (2.6 lb.)

Shipping approximately 2.1 kg (4.6 lb.)

Specifications

4-7

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Characteristics

The following characteristics are typical for the Agilent 83487A. Refer to the

Agilent 54701A Active Probe Service Guide

tics.

Table 4-6. Trigger Input Characteristics for Electrical and Optical Channels

for complete probe characteris-

Nominal Impedance

Input Connector 3.5 mm (m)

Trigger Level Range

Maximum Safe Input Voltage

Percent Reflection

Refer to the

Agilent 83480A, 54750A User’s Guide

1 V

2 Vdc + ac peak (+16 dBm)

≤

10% for 100 ps rise time

Ω

for trigger specifications.

4-8

Declaration of Conformity

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Declaration of Conformity

4-9

Reference

In Case of Difficulty

This section provides a list of suggestions for you to follow if the plug-in module fails to operate. A list of messages that may be displayed is also included in this chapter.

Review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning the unit for service, a few minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your instrument to be repaired.

This chapter also includes information regarding measuring high power waveforms with the Agilent 83480/Agilent 83487A, electrostatic discharge (ESD), procedures for cleaning both optical and electrical connections, and a list of Agilent Technologies Service Offices.

5-2

If the mainframe does not operate

Make the following checks:

• Is the line fuse good?

• Does the line socket have power?

• Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?

• Is the mainframe turned on?

• Is the rear-panel line switch set to on?

Reference

In Case of Difficulty

• Will the mainframe power up

If the mainframe still does not power up, refer to the optional

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

fied service department.

without

the plug-in module installed?

or return the mainframe to a quali-

5-3

Reference

In Case of Difficulty

If the plug-in does not operate

Make the following checks:

• Is the plug-in module firmly seated in the mainframe slot?

• Are the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug-in module finger-tight?

• Is a trigger signal connected to a trigger input?

• If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the plug-in

module, are they connected properly and operating correctly?

• Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem appeared. Are all the settings correct? Can the problem be reproduced?

• Are the connectors clean? See “Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 5-14 for more information.

Perform the following procedures:

• Make sure the instrument is ready to acquire data by pressing

Channel

Autoscale.

Display on off, on

• Find any signals on the channel inputs by pressing

• See if any signals are present at the channel inputs by pressing

freerun.

After viewing the signal, press

• Make sure Channel Display is on by pressing

• Make sure the channel offset is adjusted so the waveform is not clipped off

the display.

• If you are using the plug-in module only as a trigger source, make sure at least one other channel is turned on. If all of the channels are turned off, the mainframe will not trigger.

triggered.

Run

Trigger,

Sweep,

5-4

Reference

In Case of Difficulty

• Make sure the mainframe identifies the plug-in module by pressing

System config

then

....

Utility

The calibration status of the plug-in modules is listed near the bottom of the display, in the box labeled

“Plug-ins”.

If the model number of the plugin module is listed next to the appropriate slot number, then the mainframe has identified the plug-in.

“~known”

is displayed instead of the model number of the plug-in

module, remove and reinsert the plug-in module in the same slot.

“~known”

is still displayed, the mainframe may need to have the latest operating system firmware installed. Options 001 and 002 provide this firmware on a 3.5 inch diskette. To load new firmware, follow the instructions provided with this diskette. If you do not have the optional diskette, contact your local Agilent Technologies Service Office (refer to “Agilent Technologies Service Offices” on page 5-24).

If the mainframe firmware is current and the plug-in module is correctly installed, then the memory contents of the plug-in module are corrupt. Contact a qualified service department.

If all of the above steps check out okay, and the plug-in module still does not operate properly, then the problem is beyond the scope of this book. Return the plug-in module to a qualified service department.

5-5

Reference

Measuring High Power Waveforms

The Agilent 83487A is specified to accurately measure peak modulated signal powers up to 400 µW (–4 dBm)

. If a signal has an average power of 200 µW (–7 dBm) with an extinction ratio of 10 dB or higher, then the peak power may be assumed to be roughly double the average power, or 400µW. When signal powers exceed this 400 µW level, the photodiode amplifier of the Agilent 83487A may begin to saturate. This in turn can distort the shape of the waveform and produce a false waveform image. A device that has a compliant waveform may then actually fail a mask test.

This issue becomes more complex for devices which have a large overshoot in the “0” to “1” transition.

working with high speed multimode transceivers

It is not unusual to have 100% overshoot when

. If the nominal ‘1’ level is 400µW, and the overshoot is 100%, the peak power seen by the Agilent 83487A is 800µW (with 100% overshoot present, peak power is roughly four times average power). This power level is likely to cause amplifier saturation and waveform distortion. If tests are made in the Agilent 83487A filtered mode, the overshoot is suppressed by the filtering that takes place

after

the amplification. Post-amplification filtering can hide the overshoot that may cause distortion.

Steps to guarantee accurate results

Achieving accurate measurement results may require limiting the power going into the Agilent 83487A optical port. For the 100% overshoot example above (200µW average power, 400µW ‘1’ level, 800µW peak power), the signal must be attenuated by a factor of two (3 dB). A basic rule of thumb for signals with up to 100% overshoot is that the average power should not exceed 100µW (–10 dBm).

1. While the Agilent 83487A module is specified to receive a continuous wave peak power of up

to 600

W (–2.2 dBm), high frequency ringing in a modulated signal can cause compression

at lower levels around 400

5-6

W peak power.

Reference

Measuring High Power Waveforms

Average power can be measured directly using the internal power meter of the Agilent 83487A, by pressing: blue Shift key, More meas key on the numeric keypad and then the

Avg Power

softkey. Then select the data to be reported in dBm.

Average power measurements are made independent of the amplifier in the optical receiver and are accurate up to an average input power level of 500µW or –3.0 dBm (2000 µW peak power input).

If overshoot is present, the correct level of attenuation is the difference between the average power and –10 dBm. For example, a –3 dBm average power signal would require 7 dB of attenuation (–3 dBm minus –10 dBm = 7 dBm, which requires a 7 dB attenuator). This is based upon the assumption of a worst case overshoot of 100%. The end result is that the maximum peak signal at the instrument input must be below 400 µW (–4 dBm). Again, this is peak power and should not be confused with average power. Attenuation is not required for signals that do not exceed 400 µW peak. Tab le 5-1 on

page 5-8 shows the conversion from average power to peak power when the

overshoot is 100% (the peak power is double the “1” level power), and the attenuation needed to make measurements for power levels of these magnitudes. Note that the current maximum average power allowed by the standards is –5 dBm.

5-7

Reference

Measuring High Power Waveforms

Table 5-1. Recommended Attenuation for Signals > –10 dBm with 100% Overshoot

100% Overshoot Attenuation

Average Power Peak Power (100%) Attenuator Net Input

100 –10.0 400 –4.0 0.0 –10.0 –4.0

125 –9.0 500 –3.0 1.0 –10.0 –4.0

200 –7.0 800 –1.0 3.0 –10.0 –4.0

316 –5.0 1265 1.0 5.0 –10.0 –4.0

400 –4.0 1600 2.0 6.0 –10.0 –4.0

500 –3.0 2000 3.0 7.0 –10.0 –4.0

800 –1.0 3200 5.1 9.1 –10.0 –4.0

1000 0.0 4000 6.0 10.0 –10.0 –4.0

dBm

dBm dB

Avg. dBm

Peak dBm

In order to find out if your device under test may be exceeding the input power requirements for the Agilent 83487A, first measure the average power with the internal power meter, and then measure the peak power on the eye diagram. If the average power exceeds –10 dBm (100 µW), you may need to attenuate the signal (this assumes there is 100% overshoot present). Insert the recommended attenuation from Table 5-1, and then measure the average power again. If you are using a laboratory attenuator, then you will have a digital readout of the attenuation. If you are using a simple fixed attenuator, then the attenuation value will be the difference between the average power reading with and without the attenuator.

The Agilent 83480A allows the attenuation to be accounted for and removed from the measurement. Press the connector), and then the

External scale

Optical Channel Setup

key (above the optical

softkey. Enter in the value of the attenuator, and the instrument will then read the true signal level prior to attenuation. You can then go back and measure the peak power on the eye diagram again. If this measurement is the same as the original peak measurement without the attenuator, then you do not have compression and you are in a safe measurement power zone with or without the attenuator. If the peak measure-

5-8

Reference

Measuring High Power Waveforms

ment was less without the attenuator, then you had compression during the initial measurement; the second measurement with the attenuator and associated offset adjustment is the accurate measurement.

Using the fixed 5 dB attenuator

The Agilent 83487A is shipped with a nominal 5 dB attenuator (±1.5 dB), which will provide correct attenuation for most signals up to –5 dBm average power (the current allowable standard). Follow the procedure outlined above to use this attenuator and enter in the correct offset value.

For many signals, the easiest way to proceed is to always use the attenuator with the correct offset. A couple of exceptions to this recommendation are:

• when you are splitting the signal for multiple tests or if there is already another source of attenuation in front of the Agilent 83480/Agilent 83487A, or

• when you know there is no high frequency ringing associated with the device under test and you want to use the high sensitivity of the Agilent 83487A.

CAUTION

The fiber-optic connectors on the 5 dB attenuator, like all fiber-optic connectors, are easily damaged when connected to dirty or damaged cables and accessories. Before making any connections to the attenuator, refer to “Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements” on page 5-14.

Summary

The Agilent 83480A with the Agilent 83487A plug-in module was designed for high sensitivity and has excellent waveform fidelity for signals with peak powers less than 400µW (–4 dBm). For signals with peak powers greater than 400µW (–4 dBm), a multimode attenuator is used to maintain high waveform fidelity. By using the right attenuator, and entering the correct attenuation factor into the external scale variable, the Agilent 83480A/Agilent 83487A makes true Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet compliance measurements throughout the entire power range specified by the standards.

For more information, see

Agilent 83480/83487A

local Agilent Technologies sales office or at

Measuring High Power Waveforms with the

, Product Note 83480-1. This is available through your

www.agilent.com/go/lightwave

5-9

Reference

Error Messages

The following error messages are for the plug-in module. Typically, the error messages indicate there is a problem with either the plug-in or the mainframe.

This section explains what the messages mean and offers a few suggestions that might help resolve the error condition. If the suggestions do not eliminate the error message, then additional troubleshooting is required that is beyond the scope of this book. Refer to the for additional troubleshooting information.

Additional error messages are listed in the

Guide

for the mainframe.

Memory error occurred in plug-in_:Try reinstalling plugin

The mainframe could not correctly read the contents of the memory in the plug-in.

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

Agilent 83480A, 54750A User’s

Remove and reinstall the plug-in module. Each time a plug-in is installed, the mainframe re-reads the memory in the plug-in module.

Verify the plug-in module is firmly seated in the mainframe slot.

Verify the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug-in module are finger-tight.

Install the plug-in in a different slot in the mainframe.

Busy timeout occurred with plug-in_:Try reinstalling plug-in

The mainframe is having trouble communicating with the plug-in module. Make sure there is a good connection between the mainframe and the plug-in module.

Remove and reinstall the plug-in module.

Verify the plug-in module is firmly seated in the mainframe slot.

Verify the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug-in module are finger-tight.

Install the plug-in in a different slot in the mainframe.

5-10

Reference

Error Messages

Communications failure exists at slot_:Service is required

An illegal hardware state is detected at the mainframe-to-plug-in module interface of the specified slot.

If the slot is empty, there is a mainframe hardware problem. Refer to the

Agilent 83480A, 54750A Service Guide

If a plug-in is installed in the slot, there is a plug-in module hardware problem. Return the plug-in module to a qualified service department.

ID error occurred in plug-in_:Service is required

The information read from the memory of the plug-in module does not match the hardware in the plug-in module. This can be caused by a communication problem between the mainframe and the plug-in module. Make sure there is a good connection between the mainframe and the plug-in.

Remove and re-install the plug-in module.

Verify the plug-in module is firmly seated in the mainframe slot.

Verify the knurled screws at the bottom of the plug-in module are finger tight.

The standard Agilent 54750A mainframe does not accept the Agilent 83487A optical/electrical plug-in module. To use the module, a firmware upgrade must first be installed. Order the Agilent 83480K communications firmware kit and install according to the instructions.

The Agilent 83480A, 54750A mainframes do not accept plug-in modules designed for use with the Agilent 54710A, 54720A.

Plug-in is not supported_:System firmware upgrade is needed

The mainframe may need to have the latest operating system firmware installed. Options 001 and 002 provide this firmware on a 3.5 inch diskette. To load the new firmware, follow the instructions provided with the diskette. If you do not have the optional diskette, contact your local Agilent Technologies Service Office.

Cal not possible

The power is too low to perform a user O/E calibration.

5-11

Reference

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. The following figure shows an example of a static-safe work station using two types of ESD protection:

• Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.

• Conductive floor-mat and heel-strap combination.

5-12

Reference

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Both types, when used together, provide a significant level of ESD protection. Of the two, only the table-mat and wrist-strap combination provides adequate ESD protection when used alone.

To ensure user safety, the static-safe accessories must provide at least 1 MΩ of isolation from ground. Refer to Tabl e 5 - 2 for information on ordering static-safe accessories.

WARNING

These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used

when working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

Reducing ESD Damage

The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during testing and servicing operations.

• Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before removing any assembly from the unit.

• Be sure all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of static charge.

Table 5-2. Static-Safe Accessories

Agilent Part Number

9300-0797

Description

Set includes: 3M static control mat 0.6 m (15 ft) ground wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.)

1.2 m (2 ft× 4 ft) and 4.6 cm

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft)

9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable

links and a 7 mm post-type connection.

9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).

5-13

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Today, advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connection techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on calibration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a damaged connector can cost thousands of dollars, not to mention lost time! This expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this book. This book also contains a brief list of tips for caring for electrical connectors.

Choosing the Right Connector

A critical but often overlooked factor in making a good lightwave measurement is the selection of the fiber-optic connector. The differences in connector types are mainly in the mechanical assembly that holds the ferrule in position against another identical ferrule. Connectors also vary in the polish, curve, and concentricity of the core within the cladding. Mating one style of cable to another requires an adapter. Agilent Technologies offers adapters for most instruments to allow testing with many different cables. Figure 5-1 on

page 5-15 shows the basic components of a typical connectors.

The system tolerance for reflection and insertion loss must be known when selecting a connector from the wide variety of currently available connectors. Some items to consider when selecting a connector are:

• How much insertion loss can be allowed?

• Will the connector need to make multiple connections? Some connectors are

better than others, and some are very poor for making repeated connections.

• What is the reflection tolerance? Can the system take reflection degradation?

• Is an instrument-grade connector with a precision core alignment required?

• Is repeatability tolerance for reflection and loss important? Do your specifica-

5-14

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

tions take repeatability uncertainty into account?

• Will a connector degrade the return loss too much, or will a fusion splice be re-

quired? For example, many DFB lasers cannot operate with reflections from connectors. Often as much as 90 dB isolation is needed.

Figure 5-1. Basic components of a connector.

Over the last few years, the FC/PC style connector has emerged as the most popular connector for fiber-optic applications. While not the highest performing connector, it represents a good compromise between performance, reliability, and cost. If properly maintained and cleaned, this connector can withstand many repeated connections.

However, many instrument specifications require tighter tolerances than most connectors, including the FC/PC style, can deliver. These instruments cannot tolerate connectors with the large non-concentricities of the fiber common with ceramic style ferrules. When tighter alignment is required, Agilent Technologies instruments typically use a connector such as the Diamond HMS-10, which has concentric tolerances within a few tenths of a micron. Agilent Technologies then uses a special universal adapter, which allows other cable types to mate with this precision connector. See Figure 5-2.

5-15

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Figure 5-2. Universal adapters to Diamond HMS-10.

The HMS-10 encases the fiber within a soft nickel silver (Cu/Ni/Zn) center which is surrounded by a tough tungsten carbide casing, as shown in

Figure 5-3.

Figure 5-3. Cross-section of the Diamond HMS-10 connector.

The nickel silver allows an active centering process that permits the glass fiber to be moved to the desired position. This process first stakes the soft nickel silver to fix the fiber in a near-center location, then uses a post-active staking to shift the fiber into the desired position within 0.2µm. This process, plus the keyed axis, allows very precise core-to-core alignments. This connector is found on most Agilent Technologies lightwave instruments.

5-16

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

The soft core, while allowing precise centering, is also the chief liability of the connector. The soft material is easily damaged. Care must be taken to minimize excessive scratching and wear. While minor wear is not a problem if the glass face is not affected, scratches or grit can cause the glass fiber to move out of alignment. Also, if unkeyed connectors are used, the nickel silver can be pushed onto the glass surface. Scratches, fiber movement, or glass contamination will cause loss of signal and increased reflections, resulting in poor return loss.

Inspecting Connectors

Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immediately obvious to the naked eye, poor measurements result without the user being aware. Microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the best way to ensure good measurements. Good cleaning practices can help ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-toglass interfaces, any degradation of a ferrule or the end of the fiber, any stray particles, or finger oil can have a significant effect on connector performance. Where many repeat connections are required, use of a connector saver or patch cable is recommended.

Figure 5-4 shows the end of a clean fiber-optic cable. The dark circle in the

center of the micrograph is the fiber’s 125 µm core and cladding which carries the light. The surrounding area is the soft nickel-silver ferrule. Figure 5-5 shows a dirty fiber end from neglect or perhaps improper cleaning. Material is smeared and ground into the end of the fiber causing light scattering and poor reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the glass face and destroy the connector.

Figure 5-6 shows physical damage to the glass fiber end caused by either

repeated connections made without removing loose particles or using improper cleaning tools. When severe, the damage of one connector end can be transferred to another good connector endface that comes in contact with the damaged one. Periodic checks of fiber ends, and replacing connecting cables after many connections is a wise practice.

The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care as described in the following list and in “Cleaning Connectors” on page 5-21.

5-17

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when making measurements on a fiber-optic system:

• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the connector.

• Avoid matching gel and oils.

Figure 5-4. Clean, problem-free fiber end and ferrule.

Figure 5-5. Dirty fiber end and ferrule from poor cleaning.

5-18

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Figure 5-6. Damage from improper cleaning.

While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the end of the fiber. Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting connectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors, these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement, and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the instrument.

• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector, gently insert it in as straight a line as possible. Tipping and inserting at an angle can scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors made with ceramic material.

• When inserting a fiber-optic connector into a connector, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.

• Avoid over tightening connections.

Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is

not

better. The purpose of the connector is to bring two fiber ends together. Once they touch, tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate fibers. With connectors that have a convex fiber end, the end can be pushed off-axis resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.

5-19

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

• Keep connectors covered when not in use.

• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best con-

nector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean every connector, every time.

All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera. The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use, there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass and ruin the connector.

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indication that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are key factors in determining optical connector performance they can be used to determine connector degradation. A smooth, polished fiber end should produce a good return-loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” connectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the glass, may show scratches and wear, if the glass has maintained its polished smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss connection.

If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell in the future if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflection the better (the larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection). The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.

5-20

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Visual inspection of fiber ends

Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections on the cable end face can be detected as well as cracks or chips in the fiber itself. Use a microscope (100X to 200X magnification) to inspect the entire end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfections not touching the fiber core may not affect performance (unless the imperfections keep the fibers from contacting).

WARNING

CAUTION

Always remove both ends of fiber-optic cables from any instrument, system, or device before visually inspecting the fiber ends. Disable all optical sources before disconnecting fiber-optic cables. Failure to do so may result in permanent injury to your eyes.

Cleaning Connectors

The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiberoptic cables and Agilent Technologies universal adapters. The initial cleaning, using the alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on layer of material is still present, (this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable), a second cleaning should be performed. It is not uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.

Agilent Technologies strongly recommends that index matching compounds

not

be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

Table 5-3. Cleaning Accessories

Item Agilent Part Number

Any commercially available denatured alcohol —

Cotton swabs 8520-0023

Small foam swabs 9300-1223

Compressed dust remover (non-residue) 8500-5262

5-21

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Table 5-4. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments

Item Agilent Part Number

Laser shutter cap 08145-64521

FC/PC dust cap 08154-44102

Biconic dust cap 08154-44105

DIN dust cap 5040-9364

HMS10/dust cap 5040-9361

ST dust cap 5040-9366

To clean a non-lensed connector

CAUTION

Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.

Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain on the fiber end after cleaning.

Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of the fiber.

Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.

not

scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the

swab and become a gouging element.

Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the fiber end face.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.

5-22

Reference

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

CAUTION

Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.

If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the connector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.

To clean an adapter

The fiber-optic input and output connectors on many Agilent Technologies instruments employ a universal adapter such as those shown in the following picture. These adapters allow you to connect the instrument to different types of fiber-optic cables.

Figure 5-7. Universal adapters.

Apply isopropyl alcohol to a clean foam swab.

Cotton swabs can be used as long as no cotton fibers remain after cleaning. The foam swabs listed in this section’s introduction are small enough to fit into adapters.

Although foam swabs can leave filmy deposits, these deposits are very thin, and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly outweighs the risk of contamination by foam swabs.

Clean the adapter with the foam swab.

Dry the inside of the adapter with a clean, dry, foam swab.

Blow through the adapter using filtered, dry, compressed air.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used. Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister.

5-23

Reference

Agilent Technologies Service Offices

Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent Technologies Instrument Support Center at (800) 403-0801, visit the Test and Measurement Web Sites by Country page at http://www.tm.agilent.com/tmo/country/English/ index.html, or call one of the numbers listed below.

Agilent Technologies Service Numbers

Austria 01/25125-7171

Belgium 32-2-778.37.71

Brazil (11) 7297-8600

China 86 10 6261 3819

Denmark 45 99 12 88

Finland 358-10-855-2360

France 01.69.82.66.66

Germany 0180/524-6330

India 080-34 35788

Italy +39 02 9212 2701

Ireland 01 615 8222

Japan (81)-426-56-7832

Korea 82/2-3770-0419

Mexico (5) 258-4826

Netherlands 020-547 6463

Norway 22 73 57 59

Russia +7-095-797-3930

Spain (34/91) 631 1213

Sweden 08-5064 8700

Switzerland (01) 735 7200

United Kingdom 01 344 366666

United States and Canada (800) 403-0801

5-24

Index

accessories and options, 1-7 active probe, 2-7 Agilent offices, 5-24 Atten units softkey, 2-9 attenuation

range, 2-9 Attenuation softkey, 2-9 attenuator, scaling, 2-9, 5-9 automatic measurement, 2-6 auxiliary power connector, 1-5

Bandwidth key, 2-7 Bandwidth/Wavelength... softkey, 2-7

cabinet, cleaning, v Cal status softkey, 2-12 Calibrate probe softkey, 2-13 Calibrate softkey, 2-11 calibration

external scale, 3-14

factory, 3-4

mainframe, 3-4

O/E, 2-13, 3-6

O/E converters, 3-14

O/E user wavelength, 3-9

offset zero, 2-13, 3-12

overview, 3-1

plug-in module vertical calibration, 3-11

probe, 3-15

probes, 3-14

skew, 3-14

user, 3-7

validity, 2-12

voltage probe, 3-15 care

of cabinet, v care of fiber optics, iv channel

display, 2-6

input, 1-5

scale, 2-10

setup, 1-2, 2-2 Channel 1 Calibration Status message, 2-12

Channel autoscale softkey, 2-8 Channel key, 1-2, 2-2 classification

product, v

cleaning

adapters, 5-23 cabinet, v fiber-optic connections, 5-14, 5-22

non-lensed connectors, 5-22 compressed dust remover, 5-21 connection devices, 1-7 connector

care, 5-14 cotton swabs, 5-21 Current Date message, 2-12 Current Frame Delta Temp, 2-12 customer assistance, vii

damaged shipment, 1-10 decibel calculation, 2-9 declaration of conformity, 4-9 digital offset, 2-7 Display softkey, 2-6 dust caps, 5-22

electrostatic discharge, 5-12 ESD

reducing damage caused by ESD, 5-13

static-safe work station, 5-13 Ext gain softkey, 2-10 Ext offset softkey, 2-10 extender cables, 1-11 external scale calibration, 3-14 External scale... softkey, 2-9 external trigger

input, 1-5

level, 1-6

factory calibration, 3-4 fiber optics

care of, iv

cleaning connections, 5-14

Index-1

Index

connectors, covering, 1-13 Filter key, 2-7 foam swabs, 5-21 front panel overview, 1-5 fuse, 1-11

values, vi

high power signals, 5-6 horizontal waveform, 2-11

IEC Publication 61010-1, v input

connector, 5-14 INPUT connector, iv inspecting

instrument, 1-10 instrument

returning for service, 1-12

key conventions, 1-9

mainframe calibration, 3-4 mainframe troubleshooting, 5-3 marker value, 2-9 math function, 2-6 maximum power input, iv menu overview, 1-9

O/E cal softkey, 2-13 O/E calibration, 3-6 O/E converter calibration, 3-14 O/E user wavelength calibration, 3-9 offset, 2-6–2-7, 2-10, 2-13 Offset softkey, 2-7 offset zero calibration, 3-12 Offset zero softkey, 2-13 optical

channel, 2-7

optical-to-electrical converter scaling, 2-9 options and accessories, 1-7

packaging for shipment, 1-13 plug-in message, 2-13 plug-in module

features, iii front panel, 1-5

serial number, 1-10 plug-in module vertical calibration, 3-11 power

level, 2-7

maximum input, iv probe

attenuation, 2-9, 2-13

attenuation factor, 2-9

characteristics, 2-10

power, 2-7

power connector, 1-5 probe calibration, 3-14, 3-15 pulse parameter measurements, 2-6

regulatory information, 4-2 returning for service, 1-12

safety, v

laser classification, v safety information, iii, vii, 1-11 sales and service offices, 5-24 Scale softkey, 2-6 serial number, 1-10 service, 1-12

returning for, 1-12

sales and service offices, 5-24 shifted function keys, 1-9 shipping

procedure, 1-12 skew calibration, 3-14 Skew softkey, 2-11 softkey

menu, 1-5

overview, 1-9

Index-2

specifications, 4-2 swabs, 5-21

technical assistance, vii temperature change, 2-13 trigger

external, 1-6 level, 2-10 source, 2-6

troubleshooting, 5-2

Units softkey, 2-6, 2-10 user calibrations, 3-7

vertical

measurement, 2-10 scale, 2-6–2-8 waveform, 2-7

voltage

measurement, 2-9 probe, 2-13

voltage probe calibration, 3-15

Index

wattage measurement, 2-9 waveform

display, 2-6 horizontal, 2-11

waveforms

high power, 5-6 Wavelength key, 2-8 wavelength settings, 2-7

Index-3

Agilent 86101A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Measurement Accuracy

General Safety Considerations

Getting Started

Getting Started

Front panel of the plug-in module

Trigger

Options and Accessories

Menu and Key Conventions

Step 1. Inspect the Shipment

Step 2. Install the Plug-in Module

Returning the Instrument for Service

Preparing the instrument for shipping

Channel Setup Menu

Channel Setup Menu

Displaying the Channel Setup Menus

Display

Scale

Offset

Bandwidth/Wavelength....

Channel autoscale

External scale....

Calibrate

Calibration Overview

Calibration Overview

Factory Calibrations

Mainframe Calibration

O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration

User Calibrations—Optical and Electrical

O/E User-Wavelength Calibration

Plug-in Module Vertical Calibration

Offset Zero Calibration

Dark Calibration

Channel Skew Calibration

Probe Calibration

External Scale

Complete Calibration Summary

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Specifications

Characteristics

Declaration of Conformity

Reference

In Case of Difficulty

If the mainframe does not operate

If the plug-in does not operate

Measuring High Power Waveforms

Error Messages

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Reducing ESD Damage

Cleaning Connections for Accurate Measurements

Choosing the Right Connector

Inspecting Connectors

Cleaning Connectors

Agilent Technologies Service Offices

Index