Agilent 86060C Users Guide

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User’s Guide

HP 86060C-Series Lightwave Switches

HP Part No. 86060-90015 Printed in USA July 1998

Hewlett-Packard Company Lightwave Operations 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1799, USA (707) 577-1400

Notice.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. HewlettPackard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Restricted Rights Legend.

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for other agencies.

Warrant y.

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to HewlettPackard from another country.

Hewlett-Packard warrants that its software and firmware designated by Hewlett-Packard for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Hewlett-Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.

Limitation of Warranty.

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyersupplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. Hewlett-Packard specifically

disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

Exclusive Remedies.

The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

Safety Symbols.

CAUTION

The hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the product. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WAR N IN G

The hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

sign denotes a

caution

warning

sign denotes a

The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.

The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output.

The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power.

The ON symbols are

used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The OFF symbols

❍

are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

This text denotes the

ISM1-A

instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product.

General Safety Considerations

This product has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the product in a safe condition.

WARNING

This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same type and rating (type 2A/250V). The use of other fuses or materials is prohibited.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected “A” channel.

To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.

iii

General Safety Considerations

CAUTION

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this product. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause product damage.

This instrument has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

CAUTION, VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

This product is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION DEGREE 2, per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.

1 General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3 Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7

Regulatory Information 1-11

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors 1-13

Inspecting connectors 1-13 Cleaning optical connectors 1-17 Measuring insertion loss and return loss 1-19

Returning the Instrument for Service 1-20

Preparing the instrument for shipping 1-21

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices 1-23

2 Installing

Step 1. Inspect the shipment 2-3 Step 2. Check the fuse 2-4 Step 3. Connect the line-power cable 2-5 Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch 2-7 Step 5. Performing an operational check 2-8 If The Operational Check Fails 2-10

3 Using the Switch

Front-panel features 3-3 Rear-panel features 3-5 Changing Switch Position 3-6

To set single port A switches 3-7

To set dual port A switches 3-8 Adjusting Display Contrast 3-8 Saving Switch States 3-8

To save a state 3-9

To recall a state 3-10

4 Programming

General Information 4-3

Setting the switches 4-4

Returning the switch to manual control 4-5

Response generation 4-6 Programming over HP-IB 4-7

Contents-1

Contents

Programming over RS-232 4-9 Common Commands 4-12 Standard SCPI Commands 4-23 Instrument Specific Commands 4-27 Error Messages 4-31 Programming Examples 4-32

Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command 4-33 Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Register 4-35 Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command 4-37 Example 4: Input/output multiplexers 4-39

5Servicing

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure 5-4 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7

Contents-2

Channels, Options, and Accessories 1-3 Specifications and Regulatory Information 1-7 Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors 1-13 Returning the Instrument for Service 1-20 Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices 1-23

General Information

The HP 86060C-series lightwave switches cover a broad range of switching capacity and provide for accurate and repeatable measurements. Configuring the switch is easy because the signal routing is shown graphically on the display. You can easily integrate the switch into an automated test system using SCPI-compatible commands via HP-IB or RS-232 interfaces. The HP 86060Cseries lightwave switches are temperature stabilized.

• The HP 86060C is a compact switch with 4 to 8 output channels and 1 or 2 inputs.

• The HP 86061C is a mid-size switch in a half-width chassis, with 1 or 2 input channels. It can accommodate from 4 to 12 output channels on the front panel, and up to 18 outputs on the rear panel.

WARNING

CAUTION

• The HP 86062C is a full-width switch with 20 to 100 output channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected “A” channel.

To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.

Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors can invalidate the published specifications and damage connectors. Clean all cables before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to improper use is not covered under warranty. Refer to “Care of Fiber-Optic

Connectors” on page 1-13 for proper cleaning procedures.

OPTION 3XX INSTRUMENTS: To avoid damage, handle the pigtail fiber with care. Use only an appropriate fiber cleaver tool for cutting the fiber. Do not pull the bare fiber out of its jacket, crush it, kink it, or bend it past its minimum bend radius.

1-2

General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Fiber-optic cables

The lightwave switch use one of three types of fiber-optic cables. To determine which fiber-optic cable type your lightwave switch uses, refer to the rearpanel serial number label. This label indicates the installed options which are defined in the following list:

Option 109:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1280–1650 nm, 9/125 µm single-mode fiber

Option 163:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750–1350 nm, 62.5/125 µm multimode fiber

Option H51: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750–1350 nm, 50/125 µm multimode fiber

Switching is bi-directional

The lightwave switches are based on a moving fiber technology where an input fiber is aligned with any one of “N” fixed output fibers. The input fiber is positioned by means of a precision stepper motor. Lightwave switches with two input fibers allow the user to position either input A1 or A2 to a specific output channel. The non-selected input put channel.

Lightwave switches with three or more “B” channels have an additional position called channel O or OFF.

may

may not

align with another out-

Special ordered instruments

Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed. (A switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports.) However, special ordered instruments may have multiple switch layers installed. If the rear panel shows more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. Other switch configurations, such as non-blocking matrices are available as special orders.

Serial numbers

Hewlett-Packard makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance, usability, or reliability, and to control costs. HP service personnel have access to complete records of design changes to each type of equipment, based on the equipment’s serial number. Whenever you contact

1-3

General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Hewlett-Packard about your lightwave switch, have the complete serial number available to ensure obtaining the most complete and accurate information possible.

A serial-number label is attached to the rear of the lightwave switch. It contains the serial number and the options installed in the lightwave switch.

Whenever you specify the serial number or refer to it in obtaining information about your lightwave switch, be sure to use the complete number, including the full prefix and suffix.

Table 1-1. Output Channels

HP 86060C Compact Lightwave Switch

Number of Output Channels

HP 86061C Mid-Size Lightwave Switch

HP 86062C Full-Size Lightwave Switch

00 (100 output channels)

1-4

General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Table 1-2. Options

Option Description

Number of Input Channels (select one):

Option 001 Single input channel

Option 002 Two input channels

Wavelength and Fiber Type (select one):

Option 109

Option 163

Option H51

Port Type (select one):

Option 050 Connectors on front panel. (Only available on an HP 86060C or

Option 051 Connectors on rear panel. (For connectorized outputs only.)

Option 052 3 meter fiber out of the rear panel. (For connectorized outputs, the

Output Channels (select one):

(1 of 2)

1280–1650 nm, 9/125 750–1350 nm, 62.5/125 750–1350 nm, 50/125

HP 86061C, with Option 204.)

connector is at the end of the 3 meter fiber.)

m single-mode fiber

m multimode fiber

m multimode fiber (special order)

Option 2XX Where XX is the number of connectorized output channels.

(Note: Option 200 is 100 connectorized output channels.)

Option 3XX Where XX is the number of non-connectorized output channels.

(Note: Option 300 is 100 non-connectorized output channels.)

Connector Type (for connectorized ports or fibers only):

Option 012 FC/PC connectors

Option 014 ST connectors

Option 017 SC connectors

FC/APC or SC/APC connectors (special order)

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General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Table 1-2. Options

Option Description

Optional Accessories

Option ABJ User’s manual in Japanese

Option UK6 Commercial calibration certificate with test data

Option 1CM Rack-mount flange kit

Option 1CN Front handle kit

Option 1CP Rack mount flange kit with handles

(2 of 2)

Table 1-3. Accessories

HP Part Number Description

5062-3957 Rack mount adapter kit for a single half-width instrument.

5062-3977 Rack mount adapter kit for two adjacent half-width instruments.

5062-4079 Lock link kit for the HP 5062-3977.

5952-4079 Fiber Optics Handbook, an introduction to, and a reference for, fiber-optic

measurements.

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General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

This section lists specifications and regulatory information of the HP 86060Cseries lightwave switches. Specifications apply over the temperature range +0°C to +55°C (unless otherwise noted). All specifications apply after the instrument’s temperature has been stabilized after 120 minutes of continuous operation.

Table 1-4 on page 1-8 lists specification,

The distinction between these terms is described as follows:

characteristics

, and nominal values.

Specifications

Characteristics Characteristics

Nominal values

Calibration cycle

CAUTION

Specifications describe warranted performance.

ranted, performance parameters.

Nominal value indicates the expected, but not warranted, value of the parameter.

HP warrants instrument specifications over the recommended calibration interval. To maintain specifications, periodic recalibrations are necessary. We recommend that the HP 86060C-series switches be calibrated at an HP service facility every 24 months.

Connectors” on page 1-13 for proper cleaning procedures.

provide useful information by giving functional, but nonwar-

Characteristics are printed in italics.

1-7

General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Table 1-4. Optical Interface Specifications and Characteristics

Insertion Loss

Single-mode switches

Multi-mode switches

Insertion Loss Stability

Repeatability

Sequential switching

Random switching

Optical Return Loss

Single-mode

Multimode

Polarization Dependent Loss

Isolation

Typical Switching Life

1.0 dB

(0.7 dB)

0.8 dB

(0.6 dB)

±0.03 dB

±0.008 dB

±0.025 dB

58 dB

(62 dB)

20 dB

(25 dB)

0.05 dB

(0.02 dB)

80 dB

–

(–100 dB)

(±0.025)

(±0.005)

(±0.01)

10 million cycles, minimum

Switching Time

Between adjacent channels

Each additional channel

a. Insertion loss does not include connectors. Include an additional 0.5 dB (

connector.

b. Drift of any channel relative to one assigned reference channel at ±3°C deviation of ambient temperature

over 7 day period.

c. Repeatability measured after four (4) hours warm-up and with an eight (8) second pause between

movements. d. Excludes external pigtail backscatter and connector reflections. e. Polarization dependent loss only applies to single-mode switches and is measured at 1550 nm.

330 msec

50 msec

0.25 dB characteristic

) for each

1-8

Table 1-5. Switching Time Sample (msec)

General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Switch Sizea

Switch

1×4 HP 86060C,

Starting Channel to Adjacent Channels

Plus Additional Time/Channel

Maximum Switching Time

290 40 370

HP 86061C

1×8 HP 86060C,

290 40 530

HP 86061C

1×56 HP 86062C 258 7.5 663 1×100 HP 86062C 258 7.5 993

a. Note that the switch mechanism used for channel count greater than 48 is different, hence switching time. b. Switching time = (switching between starting and adjacent channel) + (additional time/channel) × remaining channel increments to reach

last channel.

Table 1-6. General Specifications (1 of 2)

OPTICAL CONNECTORS

Option 012 FC/PC connectors

Option 014 ST connectors

Option 017 SC connectors

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Temperature Range

Operating Storage

Humidity

Operating Storage

a,b,c

+0°C to +55°C –40°C to +70°C

Maximum relative humidity 95% for temperatures up to 40°C (non-condensing)

Maximum relative humidity less than 90% at 65

Altitude Altitude up to 15,000 feet (4,572 meters).

EMI Compatibility Conducted and radiated emissions meet the requirements of CISPR Publication 11 and

EN 55011 Group 1, Class A.

Power Requirements 100/115/230/240 V (range 90 to 254 Vac),

50/60 Hz (range 47 to 63 Hz)

Power Consumption Up to 80 VA

Installation Category Category II per I.E.C. 1010

Pollution Degree Degree 2 per I.E.C. 664

1-9

General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Table 1-6. General Specifications (2 of 2)

Usage For indoor use.

Enclosure Protection IP 2 0, according to IEC 529

Weight (dependent on # of channels)

HP 86060C HP 86061C HP 86062C

Dimensions (H × W × D)

HP 86060C HP 86061C HP 86062C

a. All HP 86060C-series lightwave switches must specify one of the following options, except when specifying Option 3xx. b. Unlike most HP lightwave instruments, connector types are not interchangeable. c. Other connector types are available upon request. d. Feet add 12.5 mm to the height of the instrument.

3.76 kg to 4.1 kg (8.4 lb to 9.2 lb)

4.0 kg to 6.18 kg (8.8 lb to 13.6 lb)

7.72 kg to 13.74 kg (17.25 lb to 30.7 lb)

132.6 × 213 × 345.4 mm (5.25 × 8.39 × 14 in) 177 × 213 × 345.4 mm (7 × 8.39 × 14 in) 177 × 425 × 345.4 mm (7 × 16.75 × 14 in)

1-10

General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

This instrument is in conformance with the German Regulation on Noise Declaration for Machines (Laermangabe nach der Maschinenlaermrerordnung –3.GSGV Deutschland).

Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration

Acoustic Noise Emission Geraeuschemission

LpA < 70 dB LpA < 70 dB

Operator position am Arbeitsplatz

Normal position normaler Betrieb

per ISO 7779 nach DIN 45635 t.19

1-11

General Information

Specifications and Regulatory Information

1-12

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

Advances in measurement capabilities make connectors and connection techniques more important than ever. Damage to the connectors on calibration and verification devices, test ports, cables, and other devices can degrade measurement accuracy and damage instruments. Replacing a damaged connector can be very expensive, not to mention the lost time. This expense can be avoided by observing the simple precautions presented in this section.

CAUTION

The connectors on the switch are to the the lightwave switch it is procedures in “Cleaning optical connectors” on page 1-17.

not

easily cleaned. Before connecting cables

very

important they are cleaned following the

Inspecting connectors

Because fiber-optic connectors are susceptible to damage that is not immediately obvious to the naked eye, bad measurements can be made without the user even being aware of a connector problem. Although microscopic examination and return loss measurements are the best way to ensure good connections, they are not always practical. An awareness of potential problems, along with good cleaning practices, can ensure that optimum connector performance is maintained. With glass-to-glass interfaces, it is clear that any degradation of a ferrule or fiber endface, any stray particles, or finger oil on the endface, can have a significant effect on connector performance. Many times an instrument must be serviced to replace a damaged connector when thousands of dollars and lost time could have been avoided if better care were given to the fiber-optic connector.

Figure 1-1 is a close-up micrograph of a clean cable endface. In contrast, Fig- ure 1-2 shows a connector endface that was either not cleaned, or not prop-

erly cleaned. Material is smeared and ground into the endface causing light scattering and poor reflection. Not only is the precision polish lost, but this action can grind off the glass face and destroy the connector.

1-13

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

Figure 1-1. A clean and problem-free connector

Figure 1-2. A dirty endface from poor cleaning

Repeated connections made without removing loose particles, or using improper cleaning tools can lead to physical damage of the glass fiber endface, as shown in Figure 1-2. When severe, the damage on one connector end can be transferred to another good connector that comes in contact with it.

1-14

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

Figure 1-3. A damaged fiber end from using an improper cleaning procedure

The cure for these problems is disciplined connector care. as described in the following list and in “Cleaning optical connectors” on page 1-17.

Guidelines

Use the following guidelines to achieve the best possible performance when making measurements on a fiber-optic system:

• Keep connectors covered when not in use.

• Use dry connections whenever possible.

• Never use metal or sharp objects to clean the connector and never scrape the connector.

• Avoid matching gel and oils.

While these often work well on first insertion, they are great dirt magnets. The oil or gel grabs and holds grit that is then ground into the fiber endface. Also, some early gels were designed for use with the FC, non-contacting connectors, using small glass spheres. When used with contacting connectors, these glass balls can scratch and pit the fiber. If an index matching gel or oil must be used, apply it to a freshly cleaned connector, make the measurement, and then immediately clean it off. Never use a gel for longer-term connections and never use it to improve a damaged connector. The gel can mask the extent of damage and continued use of a damaged fiber can transfer damage to the instrument.

• When inserting a fiber-optic cable into a connector or adapter, gently insert it in as straight a line as possible. Make sure the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter. Tipping and inserting at an angle can

1-15

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

scrape material off the inside of the connector or even break the inside sleeve of connectors made with ceramic material.

• Avoid over tightening connections.

Unlike common electrical connections, tighter is

not

better. The purpose of the connector is to bring the endfaces of two fibers together. Once they touch, tightening only causes a greater force to be applied to the delicate endfaces. With some connectors, the end can set itself off-axis with a tight connection, due to the curved face, resulting in misalignment and excessive return loss. Many measurements are actually improved by backing off the connector pressure. Also, if a piece of grit does happen to get by the cleaning procedure, the tighter connection is more likely to damage the glass. Tighten the connectors just until the two fibers touch.

• Keep connections covered when not in use.

• Use fusion splices on the more permanent critical nodes. Choose the best connector possible. Replace connecting cables regularly. Frequently measure the return loss of the connector to check for degradation, and clean

every

tor,

time.

every

connec-

All connectors should be treated like the high-quality lens of a good camera. The weak link in instrument and system reliability is often the inappropriate use and care of the connector. Because current connectors are so easy to use, there tends to be reduced vigilance in connector care and cleaning. It takes only one missed cleaning for a piece of grit to permanently damage the glass and ruin the connector.

Visual inspection of fiber ends

Visual inspection of fiber ends can be helpful. Contamination or imperfections on the cable end can be detected, as well as cracks or chips in the fiber itself. Use a microscope with 100× to 200× magnification to inspect the entire end face for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the metal as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the fiber for cracks and chips. Visible imperfections not touching the fiber core may not affect performance, unless the imperfections keep the fibers from contacting.

1-16

Cleaning optical connectors

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

CAUTION

The connectors on the switch are to the the lightwave switch it is

not

easily cleaned. Before connecting cables

very

important they are cleaned following the

procedures in this section.

The procedures in this section provide the proper steps for cleaning fiberoptic cables. The initial cleaning, using alcohol as a solvent, gently removes any grit and oil. If a caked-on layer of material is still present, this can happen if the beryllium-copper sides of the ferrule retainer get scraped and deposited on the end of the fiber during insertion of the cable, a second cleaning should be performed. It is no uncommon for a cable or connector to require more than one cleaning.

Hewlett-Packard strongly recommends that index matching compounds

not

be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as gels, may be difficult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.

Table 1-7. Cleaning Accessories

Item HP Part Number

Isopropyl alcohol 8500-5344

Cotton swabs 8520-0023

Small foam swabs 9300-1223

Compressed dust remover (non-residue) 8500-5262

1-17

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

Table 1-8. Dust Caps Provided with Lightwave Instruments

Item HP Part Number

Laser shutter cap 08145-64521

FC/PC dust cap 08154-44102

Biconic dust cap 08154-44105

DIN dust cap 5040-9364

HMS10/HP dust cap 5040-9361

ST dust cap 5040-9366

Cleaning a non-lensed connector

CAUTION

Do not use any type of foam swab to clean optical fiber ends. Foam swabs can leave filmy deposits on fiber ends that can degrade performance.

Apply pure isopropyl alcohol to a clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Clean the ferrules and other parts of the connector while avoiding the end of the fiber.

Apply isopropyl alcohol to a new clean lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Clean the fiber end with the swab or lens paper.

not

scrub during this initial cleaning because grit can be caught in the

swab and become a gouging element.

Immediately dry the fiber end with a clean, dry, lint-free cotton swab or lens paper.

Blow across the connector end face from a distance of 6 to 8 inches using filtered, dry, compressed air. Aim the compressed air at a shallow angle to the fiber end face.

Nitrogen gas or compressed dust remover can also be used.

Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters. This releases particles from the can into the air. Refer to the instructions on the compressed air canister.

As soon as the connector is dry, connect or cover it for later use.

1-18

General Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

If the performance, after the initial cleaning, seems poor try cleaning the connector again. Often a second cleaning will restore proper performance. The second cleaning should be more arduous with a scrubbing action.

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good indication that you have good connections. Since return loss and insertion loss are key factors in determining optical performance they can be used to determine connector degradation A smooth, polished fiber end should produce a good return loss measurement. The quality of the polish establishes the difference between the “PC” (physical contact) and the “Super PC” connectors. Most connectors today are physical contact which make glass-to-glass connections, therefore it is critical that the area around the glass core be clean and free of scratches. Although the major area of a connector, excluding the glass, may show scratches and wear, of the glass has maintained its polished smoothness, the connector can still provide a good low level return loss connection.

If you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, in the future you will be able to tell if any degradation has occurred. Typical values are less than 0.5 dB of loss, and sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors. Return loss is a measure of reflection: the less reflections the better. The larger the return loss, the smaller the reflection. The most physically contacting connectors have return losses better than 50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.

1-19

General Information

Returning the Instrument for Service

The instructions in this section show you how to properly return the instrument for repair or calibration. Always call the HP Instrument Support Center first to initiate service This ensures that the repair (or calibration) can be properly tracked and that your instrument will be returned to you as quickly as possible. Call this number regardless of where you are located. Refer to “Hewlett-Packard Sales and

Service Offices” on page 1-23 for a list of service offices.

HP Instrument Support Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 403-0801

If the instrument is still under warranty or is covered by an HP maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the instrument is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an HP maintenance plan, Hewlett-Packard will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit.

When an instrument is returned to a Hewlett-Packard service office for servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of the failure symptoms attached. When describing the failure, please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as the instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error messages) along with the instrument being returned.

before

returning your instrument to a service office.

1-20

General Information

Returning the Instrument for Service

Preparing the instrument for shipping

Write a complete description of the failure and attach it to the instrument. Include any specific performance details related to the problem. The following information should be returned with the instrument.

• Type of service required.

• Date instrument was returned for repair.

• Description of the problem:

• Whether problem is constant or intermittent.

• Whether instrument is temperature-sensitive.

• Whether instrument is vibration-sensitive.

• Instrument settings required to reproduce the problem.

• Performance data.

• Company name and return address.

• Name and phone number of technical contact person.

• Model number of returned instrument.

• Full serial number of returned instrument.

• List of any accessories returned with instrument.

CAUTION

Cover all front or rear-panel connectors that were originally covered when you first received the instrument.

Cover electrical connectors to protect sensitive components from electrostatic damage. Cover optical connectors to protect them from damage due to physical contact or dust.

Use original packaging or equivalent. Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They do not adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static electricity.

Pack the instrument in the original shipping containers. Original materials are available through any Hewlett-Packard office. Or, use the following guidelines:

• Wrap the instrument in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of damage

caused by electrostatic discharge.

• For instruments weighing less than 54 kg (120 lb), use a double-walled, cor-

rugated cardboard carton of 159 kg (350 lb) test strength.

• The carton must be large enough to allow approximately 7 cm (3 inches) on

1-21

General Information

Returning the Instrument for Service

all sides of the instrument for packing material, and strong enough to accommodate the weight of the instrument.

• Surround the equipment with approximately 7 cm (3 inches)

of packing material, to protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Commerce, California 90001). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with air bubbles. Use the pink (antistatic) Air Cap™ to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the instrument several times in this material will protect the instrument and prevent it from moving in the carton.

Seal the carton with strong nylon adhesive tape.

Mark the carton “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”.

Retain copies of all shipping papers.

1. Preferably 1.8 lb/ft3 urethane foam, Indented Load Deflection (ILD) rating 85.

1-22

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices

Before returning an instrument for service, call the HP Instrument Support Center at (800) 403-0801.

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (1 of 2)

U.S. FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters

Hewlett-Packard Company 19320 Pruneridge Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 U.S.A. (800) 752-0900

California, Northern

Hewlett-Packard Company 301 East Evelyn Mountain View, CA 94041 (415) 694-2000

General Information

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices

California, Southern

Hewlett-Packard Company 1421 South Manhatten Ave. Fullerton, CA 92631 (714) 999-6700

Colorado

Hewlett-Packard Company 24 Inverness Place, East Englewood, CO 80112 (303) 649-5000

New Jersey

Hewlett-Packard Company 150 Green Pond Road, Dock 1 Rockaway, NJ 07866 (201) 586-5910

EUROPEAN FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters

Hewlett-Packard S.A. 150, Route du Nant-d’Avril 1217 Meyrin 2/Geneva Switzerland (41 22) 780.8111

Great Britain

Hewlett-Packard Ltd. Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle Wokingham, Berkshire RG11 5DZ

Georgia

Hewlett-Packard Company 2000 South Park Place Atlanta, GA 30339 (404) 955-1500

Texas

Hewlett-Packard Company 930 East Campbell Road Richardson, TX 75081 (214) 231-6101

France

Hewlett-Packard France 1 Avenue Du Canada Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex France (33 1) 69 82 60 60

Illinois

Hewlett-Packard Company 5201 Tollview Drive Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 (708) 342-2000

Germany

Hewlett-Packard GmbH Hewlett-Packard Strasse 61352 Bad Homburg Germany (+49 6172) 16-0

1-23

General Information

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices (2 of 2)

INTERCON FIELD OPERATIONS

Headquarters

Hewlett-Packard Company 3495 Deer Creek Rd. Palo Alto, California 94304-1316 (415) 857-5027

Australia

Hewlett-Packard Australia Ltd. 31-41 Joseph Street Blackburn, Victoria 3130 (61 3) 895-2895

Canada

Hewlett-Packard Ltd. 17500 South Service Road Trans-Canada Highway Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2X8 Canada (514) 697-4232

China

China Hewlett-Packard Company 38 Bei San Huan X1 Road Shuang Yu Shu Hai Dian District Beijing, China (86 1) 256-6888

Taiwan

Hewlett-Packard Taiwan 8th Floor, H-P Building 337 Fu Hsing North Road Taipei, Taiwan (886 2) 712-0404

Japan

Hackioji-Hewlett-Packard Ltd. 9-1 Takakura-Cho, Hachioji Tokyo 192, Japan (+81-26) 60-2111

Singapore

Hewlett-Packard Singapore Ltd. Pte. Ltd. Alexandra P.O. Box 87 Singapore 9115 (65) 271-9444

1-24

Installing

WARNING

CAUTION

Before installing the lightwave switch, refer to “General Safety Considerations” on page -iii of this manual.

Install the instrument so that the front panel ON/OFF switch is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator. The ON/OFF switch, or the detachable power cord, is the instrument disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuit from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument. Alternatively, an external installed switch or circuit breaker (which is easily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

Install the instrument according to the enclosure protection provided. This instrument does protect against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.

not

protect against the ingress of water. This instrument does

2-2

Step 1. Inspect the shipment

Verify that all components ordered have arrived by comparing the shipping forms to the original purchase order. Inspect all shipping containers.

If your shipment is damaged or incomplete, save the packing materials and notify both the shipping carrier and the nearest Hewlett-Packard sales and service office. HP will arrange for repair or replacement of damaged or incomplete shipments without waiting for a settlement from the transportation company. Notify the HP customer engineer of any problems.

Make sure that the serial number and options listed on the instrument’s rearpanel label match the serial number and options listed on the shipping document.

Installing

2-3

Installing

Step 2. Check the fuse

Locate the line-input connector on the instrument’s rear panel.

Disconnect the line-power cable if it is connected.

Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to open the pull-out line fuse drawer.

WARNING

For continued protection against fire hazard, replace line fuse only with same type and ratings (2A/250V). The use of other fuses or materials is prohibited.

Figure 2-1. Changing the fuse

Verify that the value of the line fuse in the pull-out drawer is correct.

115V operation, 5×20 mm, 2A, 250 V, fast acting UL/CSA fuse: . . 2110-0702

230V operation, 5×20 mm, 2A, 250 V, fast acting IEC fuse:. . . . . . 2110-0702

2-4

Step 3. Connect the line-power cable

Verify that the line power meets the requirements shown in the following table.

Table 2-1. HP 86060C-Series Power Requirements

Characteristic Requirement

Input Voltage within range 90 to 254 Vac

Frequency within range 47 to 63 Hz

Power 80 VA (maximum)

Installing

Connect the line-power cord to the instrument’s rear-panel connector.

Connect the other end of the line-power cord to the power receptacle.

The lightwave switch is equipped with a three-wire power cable, in accordance with international safety standards. When connected to an appropriate power line outlet, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet.

Various power cables are available to connect the lightwave switch to the types of ac power outlets unique to specific geographic areas. The cable appropriate for the area to which the lightwave switch is originally shipped is included with the unit. You can order additional ac power cables for use in different areas. Table 2-2 on page 2-6 lists the available ac power cables, illustrates the plug configurations, and identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

2-5

Table 2-2. Power Cables

Installing

Step 3. Connect the line-power cable

Plug Type

Cable Part No.

250V 8120-1351

8120-1703

250V 8120-1369

8120-0696

250V 8120-1689

8120-1692

8120-2857p

125V 8120-1378

8120-1521

8120-1992

250V 8120-2104

8120-2296

220V 8120-2956

8120-2957

Plug Description

Straight *BS1363A

90°

Straight *NZSS198/ ASC

90°

Straight *CEE7-Y11

90°

Straight (Shielded)

Straight *NEMA5-15P

90°

Straight (Medical) UL544

Straight *SEV1011

1959-24507

Type 12 90°

Straight *DHCK107

90°

Length (in/cm)

90/228

79/200

87/221

79/200

90/228

96/244

79/200

Color Country

Gray

Mint Gray

United Kingdom, Cyprus, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Singapore

Gray

Mint Gray

Coco Brown

Australia, New Zealand

East and West Europe, Saudi Arabia, So. Africa, India (unpolarized in many nations)

Jade Gray

United States, Canada, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan

Black

Mint Gray

Switzerland

Mint Gray

Denmark

Mint Gray

250V 8120-4211

8120-4600

100V 8120-4753

8120-4754

* Part number shown for plug is the industry identifier for the plug only. Number shown for

cable is the HP part number for the complete cable including the plug.

2-6

Straight SABS164

90°

Straight MITI

90°

79/200

90/230

Jade Gray Republic of South

Africa

India

Dark Gray Japan

Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch

Turn the lightwave switch on by pressing the line switch. The liquid-crystal display (LCD) displays the message:

Installing

Initializing

Screen Saver

A screen-saver has been built in to the switch to prolong the lifetime of the backlit LCD. The screen-saver turns off the LCD backlighting after 10 minutes elapses without a front-panel key being pressed. The time interval is not adjustable. To resume operation, press any key.

When the switch is turned on, it automatically resets to channel 0 (reset, optical off position).

2-7

Installing

Step 5. Performing an operational check

CAUTION

Return loss

Return loss can be tested using a number of different test equipment configurations. Some of these are:

• an HP 8703A lightwave component analyzer

• an HP 8702B lightwave component analyzer with the appropriate source, receiver and lightwave coupler

• an HP 8504B precision reflectometer

• an HP 8153A lightwave multimeter and HP 81534A return loss module

Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate lightwave source, a compatible lightwave receiver, and a compatible lightwave coupler.

Refer to the manuals provided with your lightwave test equipment for information on how to perform a return loss test.

Typical return loss is better than 40 dB. For actual specifications on your particular cable or accessory, refer to the manufacturer.

Insertion loss

Insertion loss can be tested using a number of different test equipment configurations. Some of these are:

• an HP 8702B or HP 8703A lightwave component analyzer system with a lightwave source and receivers

• an HP 83420 lightwave test set with an HP 8510 network analyzer

• an HP 8153A lightwave multimeter with a source and a power sensor module

2-8

Installing

Step 5. Performing an operational check

Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate lightwave source and a compatible lightwave receiver. Refer to the manuals provided with your lightwave test equipment for information on how to perform an insertion loss test.

Typical insertion loss for cables is less than 1 dB, and can be as little as 0.1 dB. For actual specifications on your particular cable or accessory, refer to the manufacturer.

2-9

Installing

If The Operational Check Fails

If the HP 86060C does not pass the operational check, you should review the procedure being performed when the problem occurred. A few minutes spent performing some simple checks may save waiting for your instrument to be repaired. Before calling Hewlett-Packard or returning the unit for service, please make the following checks:

Is the line fuse good?

Does the line socket have power?

Is the unit plugged in to the proper ac power source?

Is the unit turned on?

If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with the lightwave switch, are they connected properly and operating correctly?

Review the procedure for the test being performed when the problem appeared. Are all the settings correct?

Are the connectors clean? Refer to “Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors” on page 1-13 for more information about cleaning the connectors.

Refer to “Spare Channel Replacement Procedure” on page 5-4 for more information.

If the HP 86060C lightwave switch still fails, return it to Hewlett-Packard for repair; if the lightwave switch is still under warranty or is covered by an HP maintenance contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or contract (the warranty is at the front of this manual). If the lightwave switch is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an HP maintenance plan, Hewlett-Packard will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the unit. Refer to “Returning the Instrument for Service” on page 1-20 for more information.

2-10

Front-panel features 3-3 Rear-panel features 3-5 Changing Switch Position 3-6 Adjusting Display Contrast 3-8 Saving Switch States 3-8

Using the Switch

This chapter describes the front and rear-panel features. It also provides stepby-step procedures for configuring the lightwave switch. Position the lightwave switch according to the enclosure protection provide. This instrument does not protect against the ingress of water. This instrument protects against finger access to hazardous parts within the enclosure.

WARNING

To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the HP 86060C-series switch from the mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected “A” channel.

To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.

3-2

Front-panel features

Figure 3-1. The HP 86060C-series front-panel functional area

Screen Saver

Using the Switch

Front-panel features

LINE

Switch

Display

key

HELP

key

Turns the lightwave switch on and off. The front-panel the mains circuits from the mains supply after the EMC filters and before other parts of the instrument.

Graphically shows current signal path of the switc

the RMT, LSN, TLK, and SRQ lines.

Use this key to adjust the 0contrast of the display.

Press to use built-in Help. Then press any of the front-panel keys. A short explanation of that key’s function will be displayed.

h and the current HP-IB status of

LINE

switch disconnects

3-3

LOCAL

key

Using the Switch

Front-panel features

Press this key to display the HP-IB address of the lightwave switch. You can also change the address using the numeric keypad. If a computer has placed the instrument in remote control, is this key to reenable front-panel control.

SAVE

RECALL

SWITCH PORT

keys

key

Use these keys to save and recall switch configurations. Ten internal memory registers, selected using the numeric keypad, are available.

Repeatedly pressing this key activates either “A” or “B” channels. Once activated, use the arrow keys to select the active switch port.

3-4

Rear-panel features

Using the Switch

Rear-panel features

Optical connector(s)

HP-IB connector

RS-232 connector

Figure 3-2. The HP 86060C-series rear-panel functional area

The number of optical connectors depends on the HP 86060-series switch. The connectors are grouped as Port A and Port B.

Provides for remote control of the lightwave switch via the HP-IB interface bus. Refer to “Programming over HP-IB” on page 4-7.

Provides for remote control of the lightwave switch via RS-232. Refer to “Programming over RS-232” on page 4-9.

3-5

Using the Switch

Changing Switch Position

3-6

Using the Switch

To set single port A switches

The 1 × N switch has a single Port A channel and multiple Port B channels.

To select a Port B channel, press:

The Port B channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt,

active

Use the arrow keys to change the Port B channel.

You can also use the numeric keys to enter the desired Port B channel. For example: 4 followed by

The new connection is displayed on the front-panel display.

, appears at the bottom of the display.

ENTER

SWITCH PORT

Port B

3-7

Using the Switch

To set dual port A switches

The 2 × N switch has two Port A channels and multiple Port B channels.

To select the Port A channel, press:

The Port A channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt,

active

To select a Port B channel, again press:

The Port B channels are shown in inverse video and the prompt,

active

Use the arrow keys to change the channel.

You can also use the numeric keys to enter the desired channel. For example:

followed by

The new connection is displayed on the front-panel display.

, appears at the bottom of the display.

ENTER

SWITCH PORT

Port A

SWITCH PORT

Port B

Adjusting Display Contrast

To adjust the contrast of the display, press the key. Use the arrow keys to select the desired contrast, then press

ENTER

Saving Switch States

3-8

Using the Switch

To save a state

To save the currently displayed switch state in one of the ten internal storage registers, press

SAVE

, and then press one of the numeric keys (0–9).

3-9

Using the Switch

To recall a state

To recall a previously saved switch state from one of the ten internal storage registers, press

RECALL

, and then press one of the numeric keys (0–9).

3-10

General Information 4-3 Programming over HP-IB 4-7 Programming over RS-232 4-9 Common Commands 4-12 Standard SCPI Commands 4-23 Instrument Specific Commands 4-27 Error Messages 4-31 Programming Examples 4-32

Programming

The programming instructions in this manual conform to the IEEE 488.2 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation and to the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI). The programming instructions provide the means of remote control.

Where to begin . . .

• To program the HP 86060-series lightwave switch, it is necessary to add either an HP-IB or RS-232 interface to the rear panel of the switch.

• The programming examples for individual commands in this manual are written in HP BASIC 6.0 for an HP 9000 Series 200/300 Controller.

• For more information regarding the HP-IB, the IEEE 488.2 standard, or the SCPI standard, refer to the following books:

Hewlett-Packard Company.

Interface Bus,

Hewlett-Packard Company.

Programmable Instruments,

International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Standard 488.1-1987, IEEE Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation.

International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Standard 488.2-1987, IEEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols and Common commands For Use with ANSI/IEEE Std 488.1-1987.

NY, 1987.

4-2

1987.

Tutorial Description of Hewlett-Packard

SCPI—Standard Commands for

1991.

IEEE

New York, NY, 1987.

IEEE

New York,

General Information

This instrument has three types of commands:

• Common commands

• Standard SCPI commands

• Instrument specific commands

Programming

General Information

Common commands

Standard SCPI commands

Instrument specific commands

The common commands are the commands defined by IEEE 488.2. These commands control some functions that are common to all IEEE 488.2 instruments. Common command headers consist of only a single mnemonic preceded by an asterisk.

Example:

The standard SCPI commands are the STATUS subsystem commands required for compatibility with SCPI. In most instruments, the STATUS subsystem commands are used to report device-dependent errors. In the lightwave switch, these commands have no function but are included for SCPI compatibility. Standard SCPI command headers are compound headers consisting of two or more mnemonics.

Example:

Instrument specific commands are those commands which are specific to the control of the switch. These commands control switch movements and report the configuration of the switch. Instrument specific commands are compound headers consisting of two or more mnemonics.

Example:

*RST

:STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE

:ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL

4-3

Programming

Setting the switches

Use the [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel command to set the channel connections for a particular switch layer. A layer is a particular switch matrix that creates a path from an “A” port to a “B” port. When the lightwave switch has multiple switch layers, the switch layers are referred to by the word LAYER in the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command. The numeric value at the end of the mnemonic LAYER selects the switch block to which the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command should be applied. For example, in the following program statement, the command is applied to switch layer 2 of the instrument.

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER2:CHANNEL A2,B4"

The following HP BASIC statement command moves the switch on switch layer 1 to channel 1 of port A and channel 1 of port B:

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A1,B1"

This next example sets port A to channel 2 and port B to channel 5:

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A2,B5”

To learn more about this command, refer to “[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel” on

page 4-28.

The current switch setting can be queried. The query :ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL? places the current channel setting on layer 1 in the output queue. In HP BASIC, the controller input statement:

ENTER <device address>;Setting$

passes the value across the bus to the controller and places it in the variable Setting$.

4-4

Returning the switch to manual control

Programming

To return the switch to manual control after remote operation, press

LOCAL

4-5

Programming

Response generation

As defined by IEEE 488.2, query responses may be buffered for the following conditions:

• When the query is parsed by the instrument.

• When the controller addresses the instrument to talk so that it may read the response.

The responses to a query are buffered when the query is parsed.

Command headers immediately followed by a question mark (?) are queries. Query commands are used to find out information regarding the instrument’s current state. After receiving a query, the instrument interrogates the requested function and places the answer in its output queue. The answer remains in the output queue until it is read or another command is issued. When read, the answer is transmitted across the bus to the designated listener (typically a controller).

The output queue must be read before the next program message is sent. For example, when you send the query :SYSTEM:CONFIG? you must follow that query with an input statement. In HP BASIC, this is usually done with an ENTER statement immediately followed by a variable name. This statement reads the result of the query and places the result in a specified variable.

4-6

Programming

Programming over HP-IB

This section describes the HP-IB interface functions and some general concepts. In general, these functions are defined by IEEE 488.2. They deal with general interface management issues, as well as messages which can be sent as interface commands.

Default address

Command and data concepts

Addressing

The HP-IB address is factory preset to 711. To change the HP-IB address,

LOCAL

press enter a different address, press the two numeric keys for that address. For example: 14 for address 714, then press

The interface has two modes of operation:

• command mode

•data mode

The bus is in the data mode when the ATN line is false. The data mode is used to convey device-dependent messages across the bus.

The address is used to determine which instrument on the interface bus with which the controller is communicating.

• Each device on the HP-IB resides at a particular address, 0–30.

• The active controller specifies which devices talk and which listen.

• An instrument may be talk addressed, listen addressed, or unaddressed by the controller.

If the controller addresses the instrument to talk, the instrument remains configured to talk until it receives an interface clear message (IFC), another instrument’s talk address (OTA), its own listen address (MLA), or a universal untalk command (UNT).

. The last two digits of the current HP-IB address are displayed. To

ENTER

If the controller addresses the instrument to listen, the instrument remains configured to listen until it receives an interface clear message (IFC), its own talk address (MTA), or a universal unlisten command (UNL).

4-7

Programming

Programming over HP-IB

Interface select code (selects interface)

Instrument address (selects instrument)

Lockout

Each interface card has a unique interface select code. This code is used by the controller to direct commands and communications to the proper interface. The default is typically "7" for HP-IB controllers.

Each instrument on an HP-IB must have a unique instrument address between decimal 0 and 30. The device address passed with the program message must include not only the correct instrument address, but also the correct interface select code.

DEVICE ADDRESS = (Interface Select Code * 100) + (Instrument Address)

For example, if the instrument address for the instrument is 4 and the interface select code is 7, when the program message is passed, the routine performs its function on the instrument at device address 704.

For this instrument, the address is typically set to "11" at the factory. This address can be changed by pressing the

LOCAL

key on the front panel.

NOTE

The examples in this manual assume the instrument is at device address 711.

With HP-IB, the instrument is placed in the lockout mode by sending the local lockout command (LLO). The instrument can be returned to local by sending the go-to-local command (GTL) to the instrument.

Bus commands

NOTE

Cycling the power also restores front panel control.

The following commands are IEEE 488.1 bus commands (ATN true). IEEE

488.2 defines many of the actions which are taken when these commands are received by the instrument.

The device clear (DCL) or selected device clear (SDC) commands clear the input and output buffers, reset the parser, and clear any pending commands.

The interface clear (IFC) command halts all bus activity. This includes unaddressing all listeners and the talker, disabling serial poll on all devices, and returning control to the system controller.

4-8

Programming

Programming over RS-232

This section describes the interface functions and some general concepts of the RS-232 interface. The RS-232 interface on this instrument is HewlettPackard’s implementation of EIA Recommended Standard RS-232, "Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange." With this interface, data is sent one bit at a time and characters are not synchronized with preceding or subsequent data characters. Each character is sent as a complete entity without relationship to other events.

NOTE

IEEE 488.2 is designed to work with IEEE 488.1 as the physical interface. When RS-232 is used as the physical interface, as much of IEEE 488.2 is retained as the hardware differences will allow. No IEEE 488.1 messages such as DCL, GET, and END are available.

Interface operation

Cables

The switch can be programmed with a controller over RS-232 using an interface cable that is appropriate for your application. The operation and exact connections for this interface are described in more detail in the following sections. When you are using a controller to program a switch over RS-232, you are normally operating directly between two DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) devices as compared to operating between a DTE device and a DCE (Data Communications Device) device.

The type of RS-232 cable you use to connect the controller to the switch will depend on your application. The following paragraphs describe which lines of the switch are used to control the operation of the RS-232 bus relative to the switch. To locate the proper cable for your application, refer to the reference manual for your controller.

4-9

Programming

Programming over RS-232

3-wire interface

Interface settings

The switch uses a 3-wire RS-232 interface. It provides a simple connection between devices because you can ignore hardware handshake requirements. The switch uses the following connections on its RS-232 interface for 3-wire communication:

Switch Computer

SGND (Signal Ground) Pin 5 Pin 5

TD (Transmit Data from switch) Pin 2 Pin 2

RD (Receive Data into switch) Pin 3 Pin 3

The TD (Transmit Data) line from the switch must connect to the RD (Receive Data) line on the controller. Likewise, the RD line from the switch must connect to the TD line on the controller. The RS-232 interface on the switch ignores all signals on the DCD, DSR, RTS, and CTS lines.

NOTE

If the instrument is used with QBASIC programming language, pin 6, 7, and 8 of the DTE connector should be shorted together.

The baud rate, stop bits, parity, protocol, and data bits must be configured exactly the same for both the controller and the switch to properly communicate over the RS-232 interface. The RS-232 interface capabilities of the lightwave switch are listed below:

Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 or 9600

Parity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . None

Data Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Stop Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Data bits

The baud rate is factory set to 9600 baud. To change the baud rate, press the

LOCAL

key twice. The current baud rate is displayed. Use the arrow keys to

change the baud rate to 1200 or 9600. When the desired rate is displayed,

ENTER

press

Data bits are the number of bits sent and received per character that represent the binary code of that character.

4-10

Programming

Programming over RS-232

Information is stored in bytes (8 bits at a time) in the switch. Data can be sent and received just as it is stored, without the need to convert the data.

Communicating over the RS-232 interface

RS-232 commands

Each RS-232 interface card has its own interface select code. This code is used by the controller to direct commands and communications to the proper interface. Unlike HP-IB, which allows multiple devices to be connected through a single interface card, RS-232 is only connected between two devices at a time through the same interface card. Because of this, only the interface code is required for the device address.

Generally, the interface select code can be any decimal value between 0 and 31, except for those interface codes which are reserved by the controller for internal peripherals and other internal interfaces. This value can be selected through switches on the interface card. For more information, refer to the reference manual for your interface card or controller.

RS-232 control of the switch is initiated by sending the OPEN RS232 COM command over the interface. This places the switch in the remote mode and locks out the front panel. Pressing the

LOCAL

key will bring the instrument

back to local mode.

Many of the commands used for controlling the switch and for retrieving data from the switch are the same as for the HP-IB interface. Refer to the individual command descriptions to determine if the command applies to both HP-IB and RS-232.

To end communications with the switch over the RS-232 interface, send the CLOSE RS232 COM command. This command returns control to the front panel of the instrument.

4-11

Programming

Common Commands

The following commands are required by the IEEE 488.2–1987 standard.

*CLS (Clear Status)

The *CLS (clear status) common command clears all the event registers summarized in the Status Byte register. With the exception of the output queue, all queues that are summarized in the Status Byte Register are emptied. The error queue is also emptied. Neither the Standard Event Status Enable Register, nor the Service Request Enable Register are affected by this command.

After the *CLS command, the instrument is left in the idle state. The command does not alter the instrument setting. *OPC/*OPC? actions are cancelled.

Usage:

Command Syntax: *CLS

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*CLS"

HP-IB only

*ESE (Event Status Enable)

The *ESE command sets the bits in the Standard Event Status Enable Register and enables the corresponding bits in the Standard Event Status Register. The Standard Event Status Enable Register contains a mask value for the bits to be enabled in the Standard Event Status Register. A bit set to one in the Standard Event Status Enable Register enables the corresponding bit in the Standard Event Status Register. A zero disables the bit. Refer to Table 4-1 for information about the Standard Event Status Enable Register bits, bit weights, and what each bit masks.

4-12

Programming

Common Commands

The Standard Event Status Enable Register is cleared at power-on. The *RST and *CLS commands do not change the register.

The *ESE query returns the value of the Standard Event Status Enable Register.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Where:

HP-IB only

*ESE <mask>

<mask> ::= 0 to 255

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*ESE 64"

In this example, the *ESE 64 command enables URQ (user request) bit 6 of the Standard Event Status Enable Register. Therefore, when a front-panel key is pressed, the ESB (event summary bit) in the Status Byte Register is also set.

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

*ESE?

<mask> ::= 0 to 255 (integer–NR1 format)

Table 4-1. Standard Event Status Enable Register

(High–Enables the ERS bit)

Bit Bit Weight Enables

7 128 PON – Power On

6 64 URQ – User Request

5 32 CME – Command Error

4 16 EXE – Execution Error

3 8 NOT USED

2 4 QYE – Query Error

4-13

Programming

Common Commands

Table 4-1. Standard Event Status Enable Register

(High–Enables the ERS bit)

Bit Bit Weight Enables

1 2 NOT USED

0 1 OPC – Operation Complete

*ESR (Event Status Register)

The *ESR query returns the value of the Standard Event Status Register.

When you read the Event Status Register, the value returned is the total of the bit weights of all of the bits that are set to one at the time you read the byte. Table 4-2 shows each bit in the Event Status Register and its bit weight.

Reading the register clears the Event Status Register.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

HP-IB only

*ESR?

<status> ::= 0 to 255 (integer–NR1 format)

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*ESR?"

ENTER 711;Event PRINT Event

Table 4-2. Standard Event Status Register

Bit Bit Weight Condition

7 128 PON – Power On

6 64 URQ – User Request

5 32 CME – Command Error

4-14

Programming

Common Commands

Table 4-2. Standard Event Status Register

Bit Bit Weight Condition

4 16 EXE – Execution Error

3 8 NOT USED

2 4 QYE – Query Error

1 2 NOT USED

0 1 OPC – Operation Complete

*IDN (Identification Number)

The *IDN query returns a string value which identifies the instrument type and firmware version.

An *IDN query must be the last query in a program message. Any queries after the *IDN query in a program message are ignored.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

HP-IB and RS-232

*IDN?

"HEWLETT-PACKARD 8606XC, 0, VERSION <X.X>"

<X.X> = firmware revision number

8606XC is the model number and can be 86060C, 86061C, or 86062C.

Example: DIM Id$[50]

OUTPUT 711;"*IDN?" ENTER 711;Id$ PRINT Id$

4-15

Programming

Common Commands

*OPC (Operation Complete)

The *OPC command sets the operation complete bit in the Standard Event Status Register when all pending device operations have finished.

The *OPC query places an ASCII "1" in the output queue when all pending device operations have finished.

NOTE

The *OPC command can be used to ensure all switch movement operations have completed before continuing the program. By following a ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command with an *OPC query and an ENTER statement, the program will pause until the response (ASCII "1") is returned by the instrument.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*OPC"

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*OPC?"

HP-IB only

*OPC

*OPC?

1<NL>

ENTER 711;Op$

*RCL (Recall)

The *RCL command recalls the state of the instrument from the specified instrument state register. If the instrument state register has not been previously stored, the *RCL command will restore the instrument to its power-on state.

Usage:

HP-IB and RS-232

4-16

Programming

Common Commands

Command Syntax:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*RCL 3"

*RCL <value>

<value> ::= 0 to 9 (integer–NR1 format)

*RST (Reset)

The *RST command returns the switch to its power-up condition. For all layers, each port is set to its OFF position or channel 1.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*RST"

HP-IB and RS-232

*RST

*SAV (Save)

The *SAV command saves the current state of the instrument to the specified instrument state register.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*SAV 3"

HP-IB and RS-232

*SAV <value>

<value> ::= 0 to 9 (integer–NR1 format)

4-17

Programming

Common Commands

*SRE (Service Request Enable)

The *SRE command sets the bits in the Service Request Enable Register. The Service Request Enable Register contains a mask value for the bits to be enabled in the Status Byte Register. A bit set to one (1) in the Service Request Enable Register enables the corresponding bit in the Status Byte Register. A zero (0) disables the bit. Table 4-3 lists the bits in the Service Request Enable Register and what they mask.

The Service Request Enable Register is cleared at power-on. The *RST and *CLS commands do not change the register.

The *SRE query returns the value of the Service Request Enable Register.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*SRE 32"

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

HP-IB only

*SRE <mask>

<mask> ::= 0 to 255

In this example, the *SRE 32 command enables ESB (event summary) bit 5 of the Status Byte Register, the MSS (master summary status) bit 6 in the Status Byte Register is also set.

*SRE?

<value> ::= 0 to 255 (integer–NR1 format)

4-18

Table 4-3. Service Request Enable Register

Service Request Enable Register (High–Enables the SRE bit)

Bit Bit Weight Enables

7 128 Not Used

6 64 MSS – Master Summary Status

5 32 ESB – Event Status Bit

4 16 MAV – Message Available

3 8 Not Used

2 4 Not Used

1 2 Not Used

0 1 OPP – Operation Pending

Programming

Common Commands

4-19

Programming

Common Commands

*STB (Status Byte)

The *STB query returns the current value of the instrument’s status byte. The MSS (Master Summary Status) bit 6 indicates whether or not the device has at least one reason for requesting service.

When you read the Status Byte Register, the value returned is the total of the bit weights of all the bits set to one (1) at the time you read the byte. Table 4-4 shows each bit in the Status Byte Register and its bit weight.

The *STB query does not affect the contents of the Status Byte Register.

NOTE

To read the instrument’s status byte with RQS reported on bit 6, use the interface Serial Poll.

NOTE

The *STB query can be used to determine when the switch has settled to a new position. After sending a :ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command, bit 0 of the Status Byte Register will be set to one while the switch is moving and return to zero when the switch has settled.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*STB?"

HP-IB only

*STB?

<value> ::= 0 to 255 (integer – NR1 format)

ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

4-20

Table 4-4. Status Byte Register

Bit Bit Weight Condition

7 128 Not Used

6 64 MSS – Master Summary Status

5 32 ESB – Event Status Bit

4 16 MAV – Message Available

3 8 Not Used

2 4 Not Used

1 2 Not Used

0 1 OPP – Operation Pending

Programming

Common Commands

*TST (Test)

The *TST query performs a self-test on the instrument. The result of the test is placed in the output queue. A zero indicates the test passed and a non-zero value indicates the test failed. If a test fails, refer to “Step 5. Performing an operational check” on page 2-8.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;"*TST?"

HP-IB and RS-232

*TST?

<result> ::= 0 or non-zero value 0 indicates the test passed. non-zero indicates the test failed.

ENTER 711;Result PRINT Result

4-21

Programming

Common Commands

*WAI (Wait)

The *WAI command prevents the instrument from executing any further commands until the current command has finished executing. All pending operations are completed during the wait period.

NOTE

The *WAI command can be used to ensure all switch movement operations have completed before continuing the program. Following a ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command with a *WAI command followed by a query, will ensure the query is not answered until the switch has settled to its new position.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A2,B4"

HP-IB only

*WAI

OUTPUT 711;"*WAI" OUTPUT 711;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" ENTER 711;DUMMY$

4-22

Programming

Standard SCPI Commands

:STATus:<node>:CONDition

The :STATus:<node>:CONDition query returns the value for the condition register for the node. Condition registers have no function in this instrument, but the query is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. This query always returns the value 0.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?"

HP-IB only

:STATus:<node>:CONDition?

<value>

<value> = 0 (integer – NR1) <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable

ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

:STATus:<node>:ENABle

The :STATus:<node>:ENABle command sets the enable register for the node. Enable registers have no function in this instrument, but the command is included for compatability with the SCPI standard.

The :STATus:<node>:ENABle query returns the value of the enable register for the node.

Usage:

HP-IB only

4-23

Programming

Standard SCPI Commands

Command Syntax:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE 1024"

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE?"

:STATus:<node>:ENABle<value>

<node> = OPERation | QUEStionable <value> ::= 0 to 32767 (integer or floating point – NR1)

:STATus:<node>:ENABle?

<value>

<node> = OPERation | QUEStionable <value> ::= 0 to 32767 (integer – NR1)

ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

:STATus:<node>[:EVENT]

The :STATus:<node>[:EVENT] query returns the value of the event register for the node. Event registers have no function in this instrument, but the query is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. This query always returns the value 0.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

Where:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:OPERATION:EVENT?"

HP-IB only

:STATus:<node>[:EVENT?]

<value>

<value> = 0 (integer – NR1) <node> = OPERation | QUEStionable

ENTER 711;Value PRINT Value

4-24

Programming

Standard SCPI Commands

:STATus:PRESet

The :STATus:PRESet command presets the enable registers for all status nodes. Enable registers have no function in this instrument, but the command is included for compatability with the SCPI standard. Table 4-5 shows the value of each enable register.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Example: OUTPUT 711;":STATUS:PRESET"

HP-IB only

:S TATus:P RESe t

Table 4-5. Values of the Enable Registers

Status Node Preset Value

Operation 0

Questionable 0

:SYSTem:ERRor

The :SYSTem:ERRor query returns the next error number and error description in the error queue over the interface. This instrument has an error queue 100 errors deep and operates on a first-in, first-out basis. Repeatedly sending the query :SYSTEM:ERROR? returns the error numbers and descriptions in the order in which they occur until the queue is empty. Any further queries returns "+0,No errors" until another error occurs. Refer to Table 4-6 for the error numbers and descriptions.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

Returned Format:

HP-IB and RS-232

:SYSTem:ERRor?

4-25

Programming

Standard SCPI Commands

Where:

<value> = an integer error code (NR1) <string> = text of error message

Example: DIM Error$[50]

OUTPUT 711;":SYSTEM:ERROR?" ENTER 711;Error$ PRINT Error$

4-26

Programming

Instrument Specific Commands

The following commands are specific to remote operation of the HP 86060Cseries lightwave switches.

CLOSE RS232 COM

The CLOSE RS232 COM command disables remote operation of the instrument over the RS-232 interface and enables the front-panel keyboard. This command is the same as pressing the the RS-232 interface.

LOCAL

key while in remote operation over

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Example: com_port=9

RS-232 only

CLOSE RS232 COM

OUTPUT com_port; "CLOSE RS232 COM"

OPEN RS232 COM

The OPEN RS232 COM command enables remote operation of the instrument over the RS-232 interface and locks out the front-panel keyboard. This command must be sent before sending any other commands over the RS-232 interface. Press the interface.

Usage:

Command Syntax:

RS-232 only

OPEN RS232 COM

LOCAL

key to return to local mode and lock out the RS-232

4-27

Programming

Instrument Specific Commands

Example: com_port=9

OUTPUT com_port; "OPEN RS232 COM"

[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel

The [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel command configures the channel connections. In the command syntax, the keyword “ switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports. Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed. Special ordered instruments may have multiple switch layers installed. If the front and rear panels show more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. Standard lightwave switches do not require that the <layer> argument be specified as shown in the command syntax. If no layer is specified, it defaults to layer 1. The minimum layer number is always 1.

The minimum channel number is either 0 or 1, depending on whether the port has an "OFF" position. The maximum number of layers and channels is dependent on the switch configuration. If the command parameters are outside the permitted range for the switch configuration, the switch position is not changed and an error is generated.

The [:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel query returns the current port settings for the specified layer. If no layer is specified, the default value is layer 1.

LAYer

” refers to a switch layer. A

WARNING

Usage:

Command Syntax:

Where:

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “A” channel will likely be output on one of the unselected “B” channels.

On Option 002 dual input instruments, any light on an unselected “B” channel will likely be output on an unselected “A” channel.

To avoid exposure to light energy, always cover all unused channels.

HP-IB and RS-232

[:ROUTe]:[LAYer<layer>]:CHANnel <channel_list>

<layer> a positive integer (NR1). Set to 1 if the instrument does not have

4-28

Instrument Specific Commands

multiple layers. <channel list> = A<channel>|B<channel>|A<channel>,B<channel> <channel> = a non-negative integer (NR1) | OFF

Example: OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER2:CHANNEL A2,B78"

Connects A2 to B78 on layer 2

Programming

Query Syntax:

Where:

Returned Format:

Example: DIM Setting$

[:ROUTe]:[LAYer<layer>]:CHANnel?

<layer> a positive integer (NR1)

A<channel>,B<channel> <channel> = a non-negative integer (NR1)

OUTPUT 711;":ROUTE:LAYER3:CHANNEL?" ENTER 711;Setting$ PRINT Setting$

:SYSTem:CONFig

The :SYSTem:CONFig query returns the switch configuration of the instrument. For each layer, the minimum and maximum channel numbers for each port are given.

Usage:

Query Syntax:

HP-IB and RS-232

:SYSTem:CONFig?

Returned Format:

<config> = “L<i>A<j1>A<k1>B<l1>B<m1>A<j2>A<k2>B<l2>B<m2>...”

4-29

Programming

Instrument Specific Commands

Where:

<i> = number of layers on switch <j1> = minimum available channel on port A, layer 1 <k1> = maximum available channel on port A, layer 1 <l1> = minimum available channel on port B, layer 1 <m1> = maximum available channel on port B, layer 1 <j2> = minimum available channel on port A, layer 2 <k2> = maximum available channel on port A, layer 2 <l2> = minimum available channel on port B, layer 2 <m2> = maximum available channel on port B, layer 2

Example: DIM Config$

OUTPUT 711;":SYSTem:CONFIG?" ENTER 711;Config$ PRINT Config$

4-30

Error Messages

Table 4-6. Error Messages

Error Number Description

–105 GET not allowed

–110 Command Header error

–120 Numeric Data error

–140 Character Data error

–150 String Data error

–170 Expression error

–220 Parameter error

–350 Too many errors

–410 Query INTERRUPTED

–420 Query UNTERMINATED

–430 Query DEADLOCKED

+300 Frame error

+310 Invalid command byte

+320 Invalid switch module byte

+330 Invalid data byte

+340 Packet checksum error

+4xx Switch module xx not responding

+5xx Switch module xx motor failed

Programming

Error Messages

4-31

Programming

Programming Examples

This section includes a number of programming examples to illustrate the use of remote commands in actual programs. These programming examples do not cover the full command set for the instrument. They are intended only as an introduction to the method of programming the instrument

The example programs in this chapter are as follows:

Example 1: This simple program uses the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL

command to move the switch to a new position. The program shows how to use the *WAI command to ensure that the switch has settled to its new position.

Example 2: This program is similar to the first example program.

Instead of using the *WAI command, the Status Byte Register is read repeatedly using the *STB query. When bit 0 of the Status Byte Register returns to zero, the switch has settled to its new position.

Example 3: Repeating the same program as the first two examples, the

*OPC command and *ESR query are now used to determine that the switch has settled to its new position. The *OPC command is sent before the :ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL command, and then the Standard Event Status Register is continuously read until bit 0 is set to one.

Example 4: This example illustrates the use of two switches in an

automated system to periodically monitor a number of devices under test (DUTs). The test system includes an HP 8153A optical multimeter with an HP 81554SM laser source and an HP 81532A optical power sensor. This program measures the optical power through each device under test every 5 minutes and displays a message if the power drops below 1 microwatt.

4-32

Programming

Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command

This program prompts the operator for the desired switch position and then moves the switch to this position. The switch error queue is then read and printed. The program shows how to use the *WAI command to ensure that the switch has settled to its new position.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position

Description

20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80],

Dummy$[80] 30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position)) 80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$ 140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*WAI" 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM CONFIG?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Dummy$ 230 RETURN 240 ! 250 Exit_prog:! 260 END

Line No.

10 to 20 Declare some variables for use in the program.

30 Set the HP 8606X Optical Switch address variable,

Switch_addr

40 to 60 Clear the screen and prompt the operator for the desired

switch position. Store the positions in variables

A_position and B_position

70 Set

Channel$

, to 711 (factory default).

to represent the switch channel positions in

4-33

Programming

Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command

the form appropriate for the HP-IB command. For example, if

B_position=3

80 Set

Command$

, then

to represent the full HP-IB command to set the desired switch position, appending example

Channel$

"ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL A1,B3"

90 Send

Command$

to the HP 8606X Optical Switch via the

given above,

ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL

A_position=1

Channel$

would equal

Channel$

Command$

and

"A1,B3"

. For the

would equal

HP-IB interface.

100 Call the subroutine

110 to 150 These lines implement a

Wait_to_settle

REPEAT-UNTIL

loop that continuously queries the HP 8606X for error status. The returned error message(s) are printed to the screen. This loop exits when the numeric value of the error string equals

0. This will occur when the error message

error"

is returned.

"+0, no

170 Go to the end of the program.

190 to 230 The

wait_for_settle

subroutine.

200 Output the *WAI command to the HP 8606X Optical

Switch. This command will prevent the switch from executing any further commands until the previous command (that is, the switch setting command) has completed. When the program continues after the completion of the command, the switches are guaranteed to have settled.

210 Output system configuration query to switch.

220 Read back switch configuration. Since this query was

preceded by the *WAI command, the switch movement must be settled before the query is responded to.

230 Return execution to the line after call to subroutine

(line 110).

4-34

Programming

Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Register

This program is identical in functionality to the first sample program except a different method is used for determining when the switch has settled. The settling routine used here reads the Status Byte Register repeatedly until bit 0 returns to zero.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position,

Status_byte 20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80] 30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position)) 80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$ 140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 REPEAT 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*STB?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Status_byte 230 UNTIL NOT BIT(Status_byte,0) 240 RETURN 250 ! 260 Exit_prog:! 270 END

4-35

Programming

Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Register

Description Line No.

10 to 170 Same as in Example 1 except for declaration of

Status_byte

190 to 240 The new

200 Start

Wait_to_settle

REPEAT

loop.

subroutine.

210 Send the *STB? command to the switch. This queries the

switch to return the value of the status byte.

220 Read the status byte.

230 If the LSB (Least Significant Bit) of the status byte is

0 (that is, the switch is settled), exit the loop. If the LSB is 1 (that is, the switch is moving), then loop back to line 200.

240 Return from subroutine.

4-36

Programming

Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command

This program is identical in functionality to the first two example programs, except that it uses yet another method for determining when the switch is settled. This settling method sends the *OPC command before the ROUTE:LAYER:CHANNEL commands and then reads the Standard Event Status Register repeatedly until bit 0 is set to one.

Listing 10 INTEGER Switch_addr,A_position,B_position,Esr_byte

20 DIM Command$[80],Channel$[80],Error_return$[80],

Config$[80] 30 Switch_addr=711 40 CLEAR SCREEN 41 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 42 ENTER Switch_addr;Config$ 43 PRINT "SWITCH CONFIG = "&Config$ 50 INPUT "Enter A-port position : ",A_position 60 INPUT "Enter B-port position : ",B_position 70 Channel$="A"&TRIM$(VAL$(A_position))&",B"&TRIM$

(VAL$(B_position)) 80 Command$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL "&Channel$ 81 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*OPC" 90 OUTPUT Switch_addr;Command$ 100 GOSUB Wait_to_settle 110 REPEAT 120 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"SYSTEM:ERROR?" 130 ENTER Switch_addr;Error_return$ 140 PRINT Error_return$ 150 UNTIL (VAL(Error_return$)=0) 170 GOTO Exit_prog 180 ! 190 Wait_to_settle: ! wait for switch to settle 200 REPEAT 210 OUTPUT Switch_addr;"*ESR?" 220 ENTER Switch_addr;Esr_byte 230 UNTIL BIT(Esr_byte,0) 240 RETURN 250 ! 260 Exit_prog:! 270 END

Description

Line No.

10 to 170 Same as in Example 1 except for declaration of

190 to 240 The new

Wait_to_settle

subroutine.

Esr_byte

4-37

Programming

Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command

200 Start

REPEAT

loop.

210 Send the *ESR? command to the switch. This queries the

switch for the Event Status Register value.

220 Read the value of the Event Status Register.

230 If the LSB of the ESR is 1 (that is, the switch is settled),

exit the loop. If the LSB is 0 (that is, switch is moving), then loop back to line 200.

240 Return from subroutine.

4-38

Programming

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

This program illustrates how two HP 86060C-series switches may be used to function as input and output multiplexers in an automated test system. For this example, two 1 × 8 switches are used to test 8 optical devices under test. The block diagram for this test system is shown below.

Block diagram of the test system

This example test system uses an HP 8153A optical multimeter equipped with an HP 81554SM laser source and an HP 81532A optical sensor. This program periodically (every 5 minutes) measures the optical power through each device under test and displays an error message if any measured power drops below 1 microwatt.

Listing 10 INTEGER In_switch_addr,Out_switch_addr,

Opt_meter_addr 20 INTEGER Meas_count,Current_dut 30 REAL Watts_read,Min_power 40 DIM In_switch$[80],Out_switch$[80],Dummy$[50] 50 ! 60 CLEAR SCREEN 70 PRINT "THIS PROGRAM MEASURES ALL DUT POWERS EVERY 5

MINUTES."

4-39

Programming

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

80 PRINT "IT WILL STOP MEASURING AFTER 50 MEASUREMENT

CYCLES." 90 PRINT "TO HALT PROGRAM EARLIER, PRESS F8." 100 ! 110 GOSUB Init_system 120 ! 130 ON TIME 300 GOSUB Measure_duts 140 ON KEY 8 LABEL "QUIT" GOTO End_prog 150 ! 160 Meas_count=0 170 REPEAT 180 UNTIL Meas_count=50 190 GOTO End_prog 200 ! 210 Init_system:! Initialize HPIB instruments 220 CLEAR (7) ! clear HPIB interface 230 ! set HPIB instrument addresses 240 In_switch_addr=711 250 Out_switch_addr=712 260 Opt_meter_addr=722 270 ! set minimum power allowed to 1 microwatt 280 Min_power=1.E-6 290 ! Turn on autoranging 300 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SENSE2:POWER:RANGE:AUTO

ON" 310 ! Select Watts as output units 320 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SENSE2:POWER:UNIT WATT" 330 ! Select 1550 nm wavelength from source 340 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SOURCE1:POWER:WAVELENGTH

UPPER" 350 RETURN 360 ! 370 ! 380 Measure_duts:! measure all eight duts 390 ! Turn on laser 400 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"SOURCE1:POWER:STATE ON" 410 ! step through and measure all DUTs 420 FOR Current_dut=1 TO 8 430 ! build hpib commands to send to switches 440 In_switch$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL

B"&TRIM$(VAL$(Current_dut)) 450 Out_switch$="ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL B"&TRIM$(VAL$(Current_dut)) 460 ! send command to switches 470 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;In_switch$ 480 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;Out_switch$ 490 ! wait for switches to settle 500 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;"*WAI" 510 OUTPUT @In_switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 520 ENTER @In_switch_addr;Dummy$ 530 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;"*WAI"

4-40

Programming

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

540 OUTPUT @Out_switch_addr;"SYSTEM:CONFIG?" 550 ENTER @Out_switch_addr;Dummy$ 560 ! measure optical power 570 OUTPUT @Opt_meter_addr;"READ2:POW?" 580 ENTER @Opt_meter_addr;Watts_read 590 IF (Watts_read<Min_power) THEN 600 PRINT USING """DUT #"",K,"" Power

Low!""";Current_dut 610 END IF 620 NEXT Current_dut 630 Meas_count=Meas_count+1 640 RETURN 650 ! 660 End_prog:! quit program 670 ! turn off time initiated branching 680 OFF TIME 690 END

Description Line No.

10 to 40 Declare some variables to use in program.

60 to 90 Clear screen and print heading.

110 Call

130 Set up time initiated branching. Every 300 seconds,

140 Set up function key initiated branching. When f8 is pressed,

160 Initialize measurement counter to zero.

170 to 180 Loop, waiting for events, until measurement count gets to

190 Exit program.

210 to 350 The

220 Clear the HP-IB bus.

240 to 260 Define HP-IB addresses for input and output switches,

280 Define

300 to 340 Configure optical multimeter to enable autoranging, set

Init_system

Measure_duts

subroutine.

subroutine will be called.

program will end.

50.

Init_system

subroutine.

optical multimeter.

Min_power

to be 1 microwatt.

power units to Watts, and select the upper wavelength (1550 nm) on the source.

4-41

Programming

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

350 Return to calling line.

380 to 600 The

Measure_duts

subroutine.

400 Turn laser source on.

420 to 580

FOR-NEXT

loop to step through and measure each of the

8 devices-under-test.

440 to 450 Create the HP-IB commands to select the input and output

switch positions to measure the current device-under-test. For example, if

Out_switch$ B3"

. Note that since the switches are 1x8, it is not

Current_dut=3

would equal

"ROUTE:LAYER1:CHANNEL

In_switch$

then

and

necessary to specify the position of the A ports.

500 to 550 Use the *WAI command to ensure both switches have

settled.

570 to 610 Read the optical power from the optical multimeter. If this

power is less than

Min_power

then print appropriate error

message to screen.

630 Increment

Meas_count

640 Return to calling line.

660 to 690

End_prog

subroutine. Turn off time-initiated branching

and end program.

4-42

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure 5-4 Electrostatic Discharge Information 5-7

Servicing

This chapter provides a procedure to replace an internal fiber-optic cable with a spare cable. This procedure may be needed if a fiber-optic cable becomes damaged through improper connections. Spare fiber-optic cables are provided inside the lightwave switch.

Before servicing this lightwave switch, familiarize yourself with the safety markings on the instrument and the safety instructions in this manual. This instrument has been manufactured and tested according to international safety standards. To ensure safe operation of the instrument and the personal safety of the user and service personnel, the cautions and warnings in this manual must be heeded.

WARNING

CAUTION

Refer to the summary of safety considerations at the front of this manual.

These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do so.

Failure to ground the lightwave switch properly can result in personal injury, as well as instrument damage.

The opening of covers or removal of parts is likely to expose dangerous voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is being opened.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge Information” on page 5-7 for more information on preventing ESD.

5-2

Servicing

Required service tools

To enable extra fiber/connector the following tools are required:

TORX driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #15

TORX driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #20

5-3

Servicing

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure

CAUTION

This procedure is included so the instrument can be repaired quickly in the field. Performing this procedure violates the calibration seal. When spare fibers have replaced bad port fibers, the unit should be sent to an HP Service Center, at your earliest convenience, to have new port fiber/connectors spliced into the instrument and to have the instrument calibrated.

Disconnect the power cord from the instrument.

Remove the top cover using a #15 or #20 TORX driver.

Locate out the spare cable/connector. Refer to Figure 5-1 on page 5-5 and

Figure 5-2 on page 5-6. The spare cable/connector is on the bottom of the

switch assembly, secured with a tie-wrap. Remove the tie-wrap.

Switches with 50 channels or less have one spare fiber. Switches with more than 50 channels have two spare fibers, labeled S1 and S2.

Replace the defective port cable/connector assembly with the spare assembly. Note the label on the spare cable/connector and record the identification number (S1 or S2) for use later on in this procedure.

Identification number: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____________

Replace the top cover.

Connect the power cord to the instrument. Turn the instrument on.

Help

Press keypad: 86060, 86061, or 86062.

, then enter the model number of the lightwave switch from the

Press the

Perform this step the lightwave switch has multiple switch layers installed. (A switch layer is a switch matrix of “A” ports and “B” ports. Normal lightwave switches have only one layer installed.) If the rear panel shows more than one set of “A” ports and “B” ports, the instrument has multiple switch layers. The display will prompt

5-4

4 key

only

if the lightwave switch has multiple layers. Determine if

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure

you for the switch layer on which to install the spare fibers:

Press 1 for layer 1 Press 2 for layer 2

The display will prompt you to enter 1 for spare fiber 1, or 2 for spare fiber 2. You recorded this identification number in Step 4.

The display will prompt you to enter the number of the front or rear panel channel to be replaced. Enter the number of the channel and press

The display will show the intended cable changes.

Enter

Servicing

Press

Enter

to confirm the changes.

Figure 5-1. Top view of the HP 86060C or 86061C lightwave switch

5-5

Servicing

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure

Figure 5-2. Top view of the HP 86062C lightwave switch

5-6

Electrostatic Discharge Information

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components. All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work station. The following figure shows an example of a static-safe work station using two types of ESD protection:

• Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.

• Conductive floor-mat and heel-strap combination.

Servicing

Both types, when used together, provide a significant level of ESD protection. Of the two, only the table-mat and wrist-strap combination provides adequate ESD protection when used alone.

5-7

Servicing

Electrostatic Discharge Information

To ensure user safety, the static-safe accessories must provide at least 1 MΩ of isolation from ground. Refer to Table 3 on page 5-8 for information on ordering static-safe accessories.

WARNING

Reducing ESD Damage

These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used

when working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during testing and servicing operations.

• Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before removing any assembly from the unit.

• Be sure all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of static charge.

Table 3. Static-Safe Accessories

HP Part Number Description

9300-0797

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft)

9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable

Set includes: 3M static control mat 0.6 m (15 ft) ground wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.)

links and a 7 mm post-type connection.

× 1.2 m (2 ft× 4 ft) and 4.6 cm

9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).

5-8

Agilent 86060C Users Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

General Information

Channels, Options, and Accessories

Specifications and Regulatory Information

Regulatory Information

Care of Fiber-Optic Connectors

Inspecting connectors

Cleaning optical connectors

Measuring insertion loss and return loss

Returning the Instrument for Service

Preparing the instrument for shipping

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Offices

Installing

Step 1. Inspect the shipment

Step 2. Check the fuse

Step 3. Connect the line-power cable

Step 4. Turn on the lightwave switch

Step 5. Performing an operational check

If The Operational Check Fails

Using the Switch

Front-panel features

Rear-panel features

Changing Switch Position

To set single port A switches

To set dual port A switches

Adjusting Display Contrast

Saving Switch States

To save a state

To recall a state

Programming

General Information

Setting the switches

Returning the switch to manual control

Response generation

Programming over HP-IB

Programming over RS-232

Common Commands

*CLS (Clear Status)

*ESE (Event Status Enable)

*ESR (Event Status Register)

*IDN (Identification Number)

*OPC (Operation Complete)

*RCL (Recall)

*RST (Reset)

*SAV (Save)

*SRE (Service Request Enable)

*STB (Status Byte)

*TST (Test)

*WAI (Wait)

Standard SCPI Commands

:STATus:<node>:CONDition

:STATus:<node>:ENABle

:STATus:<node>[:EVENT]

:STATus:PRESet

:SYSTem:ERRor

Instrument Specific Commands

CLOSE RS232 COM

OPEN RS232 COM

[:ROUTe]:[LAYer]:CHANnel

:SYSTem:CONFig

Error Messages

Programming Examples

Example 1: Switch position using the *WAI command

Example 2: Switch position using the Status Byte Register

Example 3: Switch position using the *OPC command

Example 4: Input/output multiplexers

Servicing

Spare Channel Replacement Procedure

Electrostatic Discharge Information