Agilent 8546A Users Guide

User's

Guide

EMI Receiver Series

HP 8542E/HP 8546A

EMI Receiver

HP 85422E/HP 85462A

Receiver RF Section

ABCDE

HP Part No. 5962-5081

Printed in USA August 1994

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change

without notice.

Hewlett-P

material,

merchantability

shall

or

consequential

not

ackard

including

be

liable

makes

and

but

tness

no

not

warranty

limited

for

to, the implied warranties of

a

particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard

for errors contained herein or for incidental

damages

in

connection with the furnishing,

performance, or use of this material.

of any kind with regard to this

c



Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1994

All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without

prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the

copyright laws.

1400 Fountaingrove Parkway, Santa Rosa CA, 95403-1799, USA

Certication

Regulatory Information

Hewlett-P

published

Hewlett-P

are

T

echnology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility,

and

Organization

ackard

specications

ackard

Company

at

further

certies

the

time

certies

that

this product met its

of shipment from the factory.

that

its calibration measurements

traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and

to the calibration facilities of other International Standards

members.

Warranty

Regulatory information is located in the

manual

at

the

end

of

Chapter

1,

\Specications

EMI Receiver Series Reference

and Characteristics."

This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects

in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of

shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company

will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be

defective.

F

or

warranty

service

shipping

shipping

pay

all

shipping

Hewlett-P

Hewlett-P

by

Hewlett-P

its

programming

instrument.

facility

charges

charges

ackard

ackard

Hewlett-P

service

designated

to

to

charges

from

warrants

ackard

instructions

or

repair

by

Hewlett-P

return

,

duties

the

another

that

for

use

with

ackard

,

this

product

Hewlett-P

ackard

and

product

,

and

taxes

country

its

software

must

be

ackard.

Buyer

Hewlett-P

to

Buyer

.

However

for

products

.

and rmware designated

an instrument will execute

when

does

properly

not

installed on that

warrant that the operation

returned

shall

ackard

returned

prepay

shall

,

Buyer

to

a

pay

shall

to

of the instrument, or software, or rmware will be uninterrupted or

error-free.

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from

improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied

software or interfacing, unauthorized modication or misuse,

operation outside of the environmental specications for the

product, or improper site preparation or maintenance

NO OTHER W

ARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED

.

.

HEWLETT-PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HEWLETT-PACKARD SHALL NOT BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT,

TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

iii

Assistance

Product

maintenance

agreements

assistance

Oce

.

are

,

contact

agreements

available

your

for

Hewlett-P

nearest

and

other

customer assistance

ackard products.For any

Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service

Compliance

Safety

Notes

WARNING

CA

UTION

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with

IEC Publication 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring

Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction

documentation contains information and warnings which must be

followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the

instrument in a safe condition.

The

following

safety

notes

are

used

throughout

this manual.

Familiarize yourself with each of the notes and its meaning before

operating this instrument.

Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in

injury or loss of life.Do

not

proceed beyond a warning note until

the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Caution

denotes

a

hazard.

It

calls

attention

to a procedure that, if

not correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or

destruction of the instrument. Do

not

proceed beyond a caution sign

until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

iv

General Safety Considerations

WARNING

CAUTION

No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to

qualied personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove

covers.

If this instrument is not used as specied, the protection

provided by the equipment may be impaired. This instrument

must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for

protection are intact) only.

For continued protection against re hazard, replace line fuse

only with same type and rating ([F 5A/250V]). The use of other

fuses or material is prohibited.

Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage

selector

switch

is set to the voltage of the power supply and the

correct fuse is installed.

Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this

instrument. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not

using this cord may cause instrument damage.

Only

clean

the

L

instrument

The

instruction

marked

user

to

with

refer

cabinet

using

documentation

this

symbol

to

the

instructions in the documentation.

a

when

damp

symbol.

it

is

cloth.x

The

necessary

product

for

the

is

Manual Conventions

CE

ISM1-A

The

CE

mark

Community

design

This

was

is

a

symbol of an Industrial Scientic and Medical

is

a registered trademark of the European

.

(If

accompanied

by a year, it is when the

proven.)

Group 1 Class A product.

CSA The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian

Standards Association.

4

Front-Panel Key

5

This represents a key physically located on the

instrument.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Softkey

This indicates a \softkey," a key whose label is

determined by the rmware of the instrument.

Screen Text

This indicates text displayed on the instrument's

screen.

v

EMI Receiver Series Documentation Description

The

following

HP

8546A

section.

documents are provided with either the HP 8542E/

EMI receiver or the HP 85422E/HP 85462A receiver RF

Installation and Verication

your instrument, verifying instrument operation, and customer

support.

User's Guide

measurements with your EMI receiver or receiver RF section.

Reference

error messages, and key descriptions.

Programmer's Guide

instrument conguration, creating programs, and parameters for

each of the programming commands available.

describes instrument features and how to make

provides specications and characteristics, menu maps,

provides information on remote control

provides information for installing

vi

Contents

1. Getting Started

What You'll Learn in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Introducing the EMI Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Getting Acquainted with the EMI Receiver . . . . . . . 1-3

Front-Panel Features ................ 1-3

Data Controls ................... 1-6

Number/Units Keypad .............. 1-6

Knob ...................... 1-6

Step Keys .. ...... ...... ...... 1-7

HOLD Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Rear-P

Screen

Receiver

Menu

Disk

Receiver

anel

F

eatures

Annotation

RF

Section

and

Softkey Overview ............. 1-12

Drive

...................... 1-13

RF

Section Battery Information . . . . . . . . 1-14

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

......... 1-7

.

................. 1-10

Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

2. Calibration

What You'll Learn in this Chapter ........... 2-1

Improving Accuracy ........ ...... .. 2-1

When is Self-Calibration Needed? .......... 2-2

Warm-UpTime .... ...... ..... .... 2-2

Calibrating

Using

V

erifying

Using

Using

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EMI

CAL FETCH

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL ALL

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

Receiver's

...... ...... ...... 2-4

STORE

Receiver

.

.

.

.

.

...... . 2-3

...... ...... .... 2-3

Calibration

.

.

.

............. 2-5

.

...... . 2-3

Interrupting calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Using the AutoCal Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Setting the Receiver's Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Setting A

Performing a P

utoCal Time

............... 2-6

artial Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Performing the Tracking Generator Self-Calibration

Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Performing the YIG-Tuned Filter Self-Calibration

Routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Calibrating the Receiver RF Section as a Standalone

Instrument ................... 2-9

2-8

Contents-1

3. Making Compliance Measurements

What You'll Learn in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Introducing the SETUP, TEST, and OUTPUT Keys . . . . 3-2

Setting Up a Measurement Using the SETUP Key . . . . 3-2

Using Standard Congurations . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Customizing the Standard Congurations . . . . . . . 3-3

Modifying Start and Stop Frequencies ....... 3-3

Modifying Reference Level and Input Attenuation . 3-3

Modifying IF and Averaging Bandwidths . . . . . . 3-4

Selecting the Active Detector .. ...... ... 3-4

Selecting the Measured Detectors .. ...... . 3-5

Measuring

Detector

Dwell

Times

.

.

.

.

.

..... 3-6

Controlling the Preamplier . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Controlling Autoranging.... ...... .... 3-7

Loading User-Dened Congurations from a Disk . . . 3-8

UsingLimitLines.................. 3-8

Loading a Limit Line from the Disk .... .... 3-9

Using

Amplitude

Correction

F

actors

...... ... 3-10

Loading an Amplitude Correction Factor File from a

Disk ..................... 3-11

Activating the Windows Display Format ....... 3-12

Making a Measurement ........ ...... .. 3-14

Tuning

Using

Using

Creating

Conguring

Conguring

the

the

the

a

Report

Receiver

Marker

Measure

.

a

Printer

and

Generating

to

at

.

.

.

Tune

Marker

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...... 3-14

the

Receiver

Function

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

a

Report . . . . . . . . . 3-20

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...... ... 3-19

.

.

....... 3-19

. 3-15

. 3-16

4.

List-Based

A

dding

Viewing

Measurements

Signals

the

to

the List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Signal

List ...... ...... ... 4-5

Sorting the Signal List .... ...... ..... 4-6

Deleting Signals From the List . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Marking Signals ........ ...... .... 4-8

Remeasuring Signals ................ 4-9

Saving Signal Lists ........ ...... ... 4-10

Recalling Signal Lists .... ...... ...... 4-10

Graphing Signal Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Saving Signal Lists Graphs ............. 4-12

5. Stepped Measurements

Performing a Stepped Measurement

.........

Selecting a Detector and Setting a Dwell Time ... 5-3

Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Adding Data to the Signal List Table........ 5-5

Changing the Frequency Step . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Restarting and Stopping the Measurement ..... 5-5

Using Logarithmic and Linear Steps ...... ... 5-7

5-1

Contents-2

6. Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

What You'll Learn in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude ...... ... 6-2

Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals .... 6-5

Increasing the Frequency Readout Resolution ..... 6-8

Decreasing the Frequency Span . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

Peaking Signal Amplitude with Preselector Peak .... 6-11

Tracking Unstable Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

Using the Marker Track Function ...... .... 6-13

Using Maximum-Hold and Minimum-Hold ...... 6-15

Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers ........ 6-18

Measuring

Dierences

Between

Two

Signals

.

.

.

.

Measuring Dierences Between Signals On Screen and

O Screen ................... 6-19

Measuring Low-Level Signals .. ...... ..... 6-22

Reducing Input Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

Reducing IF Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

Reducing

A

veraging

Bandwidth

.

.......... 6-26

Using Video Averaging ............... 6-27

Testing for Distortion Using the Linearity Check .... 6-30

Measuring Small Signals in the Presence of a Large

Ambient Signal ...... ...... ..... 6-30

Using

Linearity

Demodulating

and

Check

Listening

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

..... 6-33

to

an

AM

or

FM

Signal

.

.

. 6-18

.

6-36

7.

Making

What

Stimulus-Response

Other

Y

ou'll

What

Are

Using

the

Generator

Stepping

Measurements

Learn

in

This

Chapter

Measurements

Stimulus-Response

Receiver

Through

With

the Internal Tracking

.

.

.

...... ..... ...... 7-2

the

Measurement ......... 7-3

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...... ... 7-2

Measurements?

...... 7-1

..... 7-2

Tracking Generator Unleveled Condition . . . . . . . 7-7

Measuring Amplitude Modulation with the Fast Fourier

Transform Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Measuring the Sidebands on a Signal . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Repeating the test .... ...... ...... 7-12

Measuring 3 dB and 6 dB Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Measuring 99% Power Bandwidth .......... 7-14

Measuring Percent AM Modulation . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

Measuring Amplitude and Frequency Dierence

Making 3rd Order Measurements

...... ....

...

8. Limit Lines

Using Receiver Limit Lines .............. 8-2

Creating, Editing, or Viewing a Limit Line . . . . . . 8-2

Editing an Existing Limit Line . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Dening a Limit Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

Activating Limit-Line Testing ............ 8-8

Saving or Recalling Limit-Line Tables .. ...... 8-8

Saving a Limit-Line Table .. ...... ..... 8-8

Recalling a Limit-Line Table........ .... 8-9

Viewing the Disk Catalog ............. 8-10

Using Signal Analyzer Limit Lines .... ...... . 8-11

Creating, Editing or Viewing a Limit Line .... .. 8-11

7-16

7-18

Contents-3

Selecting Limit-Line Parameters.......... 8-12

Selecting the Amplitude Scale . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Selecting the Limit-Line Table Format .... .... 8-15

Activating Limit-Line Testing ............ 8-16

9. Amplitude Correction Functions

Creating, Editing, or Viewing the Amplitude-Correction

Tables ..................... 9-1

Activating Amplitude Correction .. ...... .. 9-6

Saving or Recalling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

10.

Windows

Learn About the Windows Display . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

11. Saving, Recalling, and Outputting Data

Using a Floppy Disk ................. 11-1

F

ormatting

Filenames

the

.

Disk

.

.

...... ...... ... 11-1

.

.

...... ...... ..... 11-2

DOSFilenames.................. 11-2

LIF Filenames .. ...... ...... .... 11-2

Available Operations ................ 11-2

Entering

Saving

Recalling

Saving

Saving

Recalling

Saving

Recalling

Protecting

How

Conguring

and

to

a

Prex

a

Trace

a

Recalling

a

State

a

a

Trace

a

Data

Output

Trace

State

Trace

from

Data

a

Printer

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...... . 11-3

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

......... 11-4

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

........ 11-6

Data

from

Internal

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...... ...... ..... 11-9

.

...... ...... ...... 11-10

.

................. 11-10

Being

Overwritten . . . . . . . . 11-11

Memory

.

.

......... 11-9

.

................. 11-12

................ 11-12

Conguring and Generating a Report . . . . . . . . . 11-13

.

.

.

11-9

Contents-4

12. Additional Features

What You'll Learn in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1

Signal Analyzer Emulation .............. 12-1

Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-2

TrackingGenerator...... ...... ...... 12-2

User-Denable Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5

Defaults ........

.............. 12-5

Programming.. ...... ...... ......

Resetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

External Keyboard ........ ...... .... 12-7

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7

Using the Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-8

Entering Data Using the External Keyboard ..... 12-9

Entering Annotation ........ ...... . 12-9

Entering Programming Commands . . . . . . . . . 12-10

Entering a Screen Title .. ...... ...... 12-10

Entering a Prex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11

12-6

13. Error Messages

Nonrecoverable System Errors ............ 13-14

14. Customer Support

If You Have a Problem .. ...... ...... .. 14-1

Calling HP Sales and Service Oces .......... 14-1

ChecktheBasics . ...... ...... ...... 14-2

If Your EMI Receiver Does Not Turn On ....... 14-2

If the RF Filter Section Does Not Seem to be Working . 14-2

If the EMI Receiver Cannot Communicate Via HP-IB . 14-2

Verication of Proper Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2

If

the

RF

lter

section

Does

Not

P

ower

O...... 14-2

Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2

Additional Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

CompuServe ...... ...... ...... .. 14-3

FAX Support Line .... ...... ...... . 14-4

Returning

P

ackage

the

the

EMI

EMI

Receiver

receiver

for

Service .. ...... 14-5

for shipment ....... 14-5

Index

Contents-5

Figures

1-1. EMI Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-2. Front-Panel Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1-3. Rear-Panel Feature Overview ............ 1-7

1-4. EMC Screen Annotation, Normal Operating Mode . . . 1-10

1-5. EMC Screen Annotation Using Windows . . . . . . . 1-11

1-6. Rear-Panel Battery Information Label ........ 1-14

3-1. Active Detector and Measured Detector Messages . . . 3-5

3-2. \

PREAMP ON

" and \

AUTORANGE ON

" Messages ..... 3-7

3-3. Using the Measure at Marker Function . . . . . . . . 3-17

6-1. Set-Up for Obtaining Two Signals .......... 6-3

6-2. Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude ........ 6-4

6-3.

IF

6-4.

6-5.

6-6.

6-7.

Bandwidth

Signal

Signal

Using

the

After

Zooming

Resolution

Resolution

for

Marker

In

Resolving

with

a

30

with

a

10

Counter

on

the

Signal ........... 6-10

Small

Signals

kHz

IF Bandwidth .... 6-6

...... 6-5

kHz IF Bandwidth .... 6-7

.

............. 6-9

6-8. Peaking Signal Amplitude Using Preselector Peak . . . 6-12

6-9. Using Marker Tracking to Track an Unstable Signal . . 6-14

6-10. Viewing an Unstable Signal Using Max Hold A .... 6-16

6-11. Viewing an Unstable Signal using Max and Min Hold . 6-17

6-12. Placing a Marker on the CAL OUT Signal . . . . . . . 6-18

6-13. Using the Marker Delta Function .......... 6-19

6-14. Frequency and Amplitude Dierences . . . . . . . . 6-20

6-15. Using the Delta Meas Function ........ ... 6-21

6-16. Low-Level Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

6-17. Using 0 dB Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

6-18.

6-19.

6-20.

Decreasing

Decreasing

Using

the

IF

bandwidth

A

veraging

Video

.

............. 6-25

Bandwidth .......... 6-27

Averaging Function . . . . . . . . . 6-29

6-21. Set-Up for Obtaining Two Signals .......... 6-31

6-22. Using Linearity Check to Detect Compression .... 6-32

6-23. Set-Up for Obtaining Two Signals .......... 6-33

6-24. Generating Third Order Distortion Products

6-25. Using Linearity Check to Identify Distortion Products .

7-1. Receiver/Tracking Generator System Block Diagram

7-2. Transmission Measurement T

7-3. Tracking-Generator Output P

estSetup ........ 7-3

ower Activated . . . . . 7-4

..... 6-34

6-35

. 7-2

7-4. Normalized Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7-5. Maximum Modulation Frequency versus Sweep Time . 7-10

7-6. Using the FFT Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

7-7. Using the 6 dB Points Function ...... ..... 7-13

7-8. Using the 99% Pwr BW Function .......... 7-14

7-9. Using the % AM Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

7-10. Using the Delta Meas Function ........ ... 7-16

7-11. Using the Pk-Pk Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

7-12. Setup for Making 3rd Order Measurements . . . . . . 7-18

Contents-6

7-13. Using 3rd Ord Meas Function ............ 7-19

12-1. External Keyboard Template .. ...... .... 12-8

Contents-7

Tables

3-1. HP 8542E/HP 8546A Standard Congurations .. .. 3-2

11-1. Internal Memory and Floppy Disk Operations . . . . . 11-3

11-2. Save Functions Using a Floppy Disk . . . . . . . . . 11-7

11-3. Recall Functions Using a Floppy Disk ........ 11-8

11-4. Summary of Save and Recall Operations, Internal

Memory ...... ...... ...... .. 11-11

14-1. Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Oces ...... 14-6

Contents-8

Getting Started

What You'll Learn in This Chapter

This chapter introduces the EMI Receiver, HP 8542E and HP 8546A,

and describes their basic functions. In this chapter you will:

Get acquainted with the front-panel and rear-panel features.

Learn about screen annotation.

Get acquainted with the menus and softkeys.

Learn about the disk drive.

Learn about the receiver battery.

F

Note

or complete conguration and installation information, refer to the

EMI Receiver Series Installation and Verication Manual

1

.

Introducing

the

EMI

Receiver

Figure 1-1. EMI Receiver

Getting Started 1-1

The EMI Receiver Series is a high-performance test receiver

especially designed for making commercial EMI (Electro-Magnetic

Interference) measurements. It fully conforms to the receiver

standards described in CISPR (Comit e International Sp ecial Des

Perturbations Radio electriques) Publication 16,

C.I.S.P.R. Specication

for Radio Interference Measuring Apparatus and Measurement

Methods

. This type of receiver is used for making measurements

according to various governmental standards, such as FCC (U.S.A.),

EN (Europe), and VCCI (Japan) regulations. The HP 8542E/HP 8546A

tunes from 9 kHz to 6.5 GHz (9 kHz to 2.9 GHz for the HP 8542E),

making it suitable for testing a wide variety of products ranging

from

ITE

(Information

T

echnology

Equipment)

and

ISM

(Industrial,

Scientic, and Medical Equipment), to household appliances and

telecommunications equipment.

The EMI Receiver Series consists of two parts|the receiver RF section

and the RF lter section. The two units are connected together

via

several

cables

on

the

front and rear panels to form a single

instrument. All control for both units is handled by the receiver RF

section, whether manually from the front panel or automatically

through the interface bus.

For precompliance and diagnostic EMI applications which do not

require

RF

section

measurements

receiver

authorized

a

section

has

fully

by

compliant

can

be

the

EMI-specic

.

The

adding

HP

service

used

receiver

a

RF

center

CISPR

as

lter

Publication

a

stand-alone

functionality

RF

section

section

instrument.

to

can

and

sending

for calibration verication.

16

receiver

perform

be

upgraded

the

,

The

these

pair

the

receiver

receiver

types

to

an

to

an

RF

of

EMI

Note

Before using your receiver, please use the

Installation and Verication Manual

EMI Receiver Series

to ensure proper installation,

including connections between the receiver RF section and RF lter

section, conguration of the receiver, and verication of its operation.

1-2 Getting Started

Getting Acquainted with the EMI Receiver

Front-P

anel

F

eatures

Note

Figure 1-2. Front-Panel Feature Overview

The following section provides a brief description of front-panel

features. Refer to Figure 1-2.

1

4

5

turns the instrument on and o. An instrument self-check

LINE

is performed every time the instrument is turned on. After

applying power

stabilize for best measurement results

, allow the temperature of the instrument to

.

The instrument continues to draw power when it is plugged into the

ac power source even if the line power switch is o.

2 Disk drive

reads from or writes to a 3.5 inch oppy disk in

MS-DOS or LIF format (initialized LIF disk is not 1.44 MByte).

3 DEMODulation

turning the demodulator on and o, a

control block includes an

4

SELECT

4

ON/OFF

5

5

key to directly

key for

access the softkey menus that select AM or FM demodulation,

FM gain, dwell time and squelch levels, a volume control knob,

and a headphone jack.

Getting Started 1-3

4

Softkey labels

are displayed on the screen next to the softkeys.

Most of the labeled keys on the front panel of the receiver (also

called front-panel keys) access menus of related softkeys.

5 Softkeys

are the unlabeled keys next to the screen that

activate the functions listed in the softkey menus.

6 WINDOWS

display mode,

4

ZOOM

7

4

FREQUENCY

keys including

4

5

NEXT

5

for controlling the zone span and center frequency.

5,4

SPAN

5

,and

4

for switching between windows and

4

AMPLITUDE

dark-gray keys that activate primary receiver functions and

access the menus of related functions.

8 MEASUREMENT

control block includes the three main keys

used to make EMI measurements.The

softkey functions that control the receiver settings to be used in

a measurement, such as frequency range, antenna correction

factors, and limit lines.The

measuring

The

4

graphical

9

MARKER

and

amplitudes

signals and manipulating lists of measured signals.

5

key

OUTPUT

and

provides

tabular

data output.

functions control the markers, read out frequencies

along the receiver trace, automatically locate

the signals of highest amplitude, and keep a signal at the

marker position in the center of the screen.

10 MEASUREMENT CONTROL

menus and self-calibration routines.

5

to turn on the windows

CTRL

5

are the three large

4

5

key accesses

4

TEST

SETUP

5

key provides control for

access to the report generator for

functions access special-function

Note

11 ANALYSIS CONTROL

the

12

resolution

manipulate

CTRL

green

and

functions

4

PRESET

4

RECALL

bandwidth,

trace

aect

5

key resets the receiver to a known state.

5

keys save and recall traces, states, limit-line tables,

functions access menus that adjust

data,

and

the

adjust

state

control

of

the

the

the

sweep

time

instrument

entire

,

store

display

receiver. The

and amplitude-correction factors to or from a oppy disk or

receiver memory.

4

TRACK GEN

5

accesses the softkey menus that control the built-in

tracking generator.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

4

5

COPY

or

4

COPY

Receiver Series Reference

prints or plots screen data. Use

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Print Config

5

. Refer to descriptions for these softkeys in the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,and

COPY DEV PRNT PLT

manual for more detailed information.

4

CONFIG

5

,

Plot Config

before using

If you wish to reset the instrument conguration to the state

it was in when it was originally shipped from the factory, use

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DEFAULT CONFIG

in the

EMI Receiver Series Reference

. Refer to the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DEFAULT CONFIG

softkey description

manual for more information.

and

EMI

.

4

SAVE

5

1-4 Getting Started

13

ST

A

TE

functions control features that aect the overall

14

instrument

(receiver

and

instrument

D

A

TA

state

such

as single sweep, instrument mode

or

signal

analysis), user menus, FFT measurements,

conguration.

entries allow you to change the numeric value of an

active function and can be made by using the numeric keypad,

knob, or step keys.

CAUTION

15 RF INPUT

is the signal input for the receiver RF section.

Excessive signal input will damage the receiver input attenuator and

input

mixer

.

Use

high-power

the

receiver

RF

can

extreme

sources

tolerate

caution

and

transmitters

appears

when

on

using the receiver around

.

The

maximum input power

the

front panel and should not be

exceeded.

Excessive

EXCEED

dc

voltage

the

maximum

can

also

damage

the

input attenuator. DO NOT

dc voltage specied on the receiver front

panel (underneath the RF INPUT connector).

16

PROBE

or

17 RF OUT

POWER

other

accessories (+15 VDC and012.6 VDC).

provides power for high-impedance ac probes

provides a ltered input signal for the receiver RF

section. Normally, the RF OUTPUT is connected to the receiver

RF section RF INPUT.

18 INPUT 2

is a signal input for the receiver that sweeps from

20 MHz to 2.9 GHz, from 1 GHz to 6.5 GHz (for an HP 8546A

19

only),

ALC

leveling

lter

performing

or

the

INPUT

circuitry

section.

full

band

provides

in

the

The

receiver

instrument

(in

bypass

a

connection

receiver

uses

calibration.

mode).

to

RF

section

the

tracking

the

tracking

from

generator

generator

the RF

for

20 ALC

provides a connection to the tracking generator leveling

circuitry in the receiver RF section from the RF lter section.

21 RF OVERLOAD LED

lights up when an RF overload condition

is detected. The LED is turned o when the signal amplitude

is reduced or eliminated. This can be done by adding RF

attenuation or ltering.

22 300 MHz

is the calibration signal input from the receiver RF

section.

23 300 MHz OUTPUT

provides the 300 MHz calibration signal for

the RF lter section.

24 INPUT 1

is a signal input to the receiver. The frequency range

of INPUT 1 is 9 kHz to 50 MHz.

25 TRACKING GENERATOR

is a signal input for the tracking

generator output of the receiver RF section.

26 TRACKING GENERATOR OUTPUT

provides the built-in

tracking generator output from the receiver RF section.

Getting Started 1-5

27

TRACKING GENERATOR OUTPUT

provides the built-in

tracking generator output from the EMI receiver.

Data Controls

Note

28 ERROR

LED lights when an improper command is sent to the

RF lter section from the receiver RF section.

Data controls are used to change values for functions such as center

frequency, marker position, and sweep time.

The data controls will change the active function in a manner

prescribed by that function. For example, you can change center

frequency in ne steps with the knob, in discrete steps with the step

keys, or to an exact value with the number/units keypad.

Number/Units Keypad

The number/units keypad allows entry of exact values for many

of the receiver functions.You may include a decimal point in the

number portion. If not, the decimal point is placed at the end of the

number.

Numeric

change

F

or

and

4mV5

If

an

allowed

the

entries

the

example

5

4

,

whereas

Hz

, and

4



entry

function

receiver

active

,

the

5

.

V

from

defaults

must

be

function

units

keys for frequency span are

the

units

the

number/units

value

(for

to

terminated

in

a

for

with

a

manner

prescribed by that function.

reference level are

keypad

example

the

nearest allowable value.

, that of a 12 MHz bandwidth),

units key. The units keys

does

not

5

4

GHz

4

+dB



coincide

5

,

V

4

5

MHz

,

4

,

4

kHz

0

dB



with

5

V

an

5

,

,

Note

Knob

The knob allows continuous change of functions such as center

frequency, reference level, and marker position. It also changes the

values of many functions that only change in increments. Clockwise

rotation of the knob increases values.For continuous changes,the

extent of alteration is determined by the size of the measurement

range; the speed at which the knob is turned does not aect the rate

at

which

the

values are changed.

The knob enables you to change the center frequency, start or stop

frequency, or reference level in smooth scrolling action. The smooth

scrolling feature is designed to move the trace display to the latest

function value as the knob is turned. When either center frequency

or reference level is adjusted, the signal will shift right or left or

up or down with the rotation of the knob before a new sweep is

actually taken. An asterisk is placed in the message block (the upper

right-hand corner of the receiver display) to indicate that the data

onscreen does not reect the data at the current setting.

When using the knob to change frequency or amplitude settings,

the trace data is shifted. Therefore, when using

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MAX HOLD B

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,or

MIN HOLD C

, moving the center frequency with the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MAX HOLD A

,

knob will not simulate a drifting signal.

1-6 Getting Started

Rear-Panel Features

Step Keys

The step keys allow discrete increases or decreases of the active

function value. The step size depends upon the measurement range or

on a preset amount. Each press results in a single step change.For

those parameters with xed values, the next value in a sequence is

selected each time a step key is pressed. Changes are consistant and

can be set for some functions. Out-of-range values or out-of-sequence

values will not occur when using these keys.

HOLD Key

The

HOLD

the

4

(ENTER)

or as a softkey in the

key

deactivates

5

key in the data entry area on the receiver front panel

4

DISPLAY

functions

5

.

This

key

is

designated as either

menu. The active function readout is

blanked, indicating no entry will be made inadvertently when using

the knob,stepkeys, or numeric keypad. Pressing a function key

reenables the data controls.

Figure 1-3. Rear-Panel Feature Overview

The following section provides a brief description of rear-panel

features. Refer to Figure 1-3.

Getting Started 1-7

1

AUX VIDEO

provides detected video output (before

analog-to-digital conversion) proportional to vertical deection

of the trace. Output is from 0 V to 1 V.

Note

Amplitude-correction factors are not applied to the video output

signal.

2 EXT TRIG

accepts the positive edge of an external voltage

input to trigger the receiver's internal sweep source.

3 AUX IF

is the 50, 21.4 MHz IF output signal down-converted

from the RF input of the instrument. Amplitude-correction

factors are not applied to this signal.

4 GATE TRIGGER INPUT

5 10MHz REF OUTPUT

is not available.

provides a 10 MHz, 0 dBm minimum,

time-based reference signal. This output is normally connected

to

EXT

REF

IN.

6

EXT

REF IN

the

10

MHz,

the

instrument.

7 GATE OUTPUT

8 LO OUTPUT

accepts an external frequency source to provide

0

2

dBm to +10 dBm frequency reference used by

is not available.

provides the output of the rst LO, which is

proportional to the frequency that the receiver is tuned to. This

output is normally terminated with an attached load.

9

A

UX

INTERF

connector

HP

85460A)

for

A

CE

control

via

the

provides

of

external

HP

85462A.

a

nine-pin

\D"

devices

subminiature

(for

example

,

CAUTION

Turn o the receiver before connecting the AUX INTERFACE

connector to a device.Failure to do so may result in loss of

factory-correction constants.

Do not exceed the current limits for the +5 V supply when using

the AUX INTERFACE connector. Exceeding the current limits may

result in loss of factory-correction constants.

Do not use the AUX INTERFACE as a video monitor interface.

Damage to the video monitor will result.

10 VOLTAGE SELECTOR

adapts the receiver RF section to the

power source: 115 V or 230 V.

11 Power input

is the input for the line power source. Make

sure that the line-power source outlet has a protective ground

contact. Refer to the

Verication Manual

EMI Receiver Series Installation and

for instructions on selecting the correct

setting.

12 DISPLAY VIDEO OUT

connectors provide access for an

external monitor (B,G, R, and SYNC).

13 SWEEP RAMP

provides a voltage ramp proportional to the

sweep and the receiver span (0 V to 10 V).

1-8 Getting Started

14 HIGH SWEEP

provides a voltage that indicates when the

receiver is sweeping. This connection can also be grounded to

stop sweeping.

15 HIGH SWEEP

receives sweep control from the receiver RF

section when congured as an EMI receiver.

16 SWEEP RAMP

receives a voltage ramp from the receiver RF

section when congured as an EMI receiver.

17 ADDRESS switches

set the address of the service bus to allow

communication between the RF lter section and an external

computer via the receiver RF section, or the service-bus

connector

can

procedures

V

erication

18

A

UX

connector

19 SERVICE BUS

also

be

INTERF

on

the

used

.

Refer

Manual

A

for

control

receiver

to

to

CE

provides

initiate

the

for

from

RF

section.

internal

EMI

R

eceiver

detailed

a

nine-pin \D" subminiature

Specic

diagnostic

Series Installation and

information

the receiver RF section.

switch

service

on

switch

connector is an HP-IB connector that allows an

external computer to communicate with the RF lter section to

perform service and diagnostic tests only.

20

LINE

21

SERVICE

of

the

RF

receiver

service

LINE

V

power

V

source

erication

lter

operation;

and

OL

T

SWITCH

section.

TEST

diagnostic

A

GE

SELECTOR

. Refer to the

Manual

for instructions on selecting the correct

turns

on

and

o

the

operating

NORMAL

mode

tests

via

adapts

mode

is

selected

the

is

selected

when

performing

SERVICE

the

BUS.

RF lter section to the

EMI Receiver Series Installation and

setting.

settings

for

settings.

mode

EMI

CAUTION

22

LINE

power module is the input for the line power source.

Make

sure that the line-power source outlet has a protective

ground contact. The primary line-power fuse is also located in

this module.

23 Interface connector

is an optional interface for either HP-IB

(standard) or RS-232 (Option 023) interface buses that supports

remote instrument operation and direct plotting or printing of

screen data.

24 EXT KEYBO

C1405A, option AB

receiver. The keyboard can be used to enter screen titles

prexes, remote commands

ARD

connector

is used to connect a VECTRA

A keyboard with a DIN-style plug to the

, and report annotation.

,

Turn o the receiver before connecting an external keyboard to the

receiver.F

ailure to do so may result in loss of factory calibration

data.

Static discharges of greater than 3 kV to metallic portions of the

connector housing on the keyboard during operation may cause the

instrument to reset.

Getting Started 1-9

Screen

Annotation

The

following

may

be

display

using

displayed

in

normal

windows.

two

when

operating

gures

indicate

using

mode

the primary annotation areas that

your receiver. Figure 1-4 shows the

. Figure 1-5 shows the display when

1-10 Getting Started

Figure 1-4. EMC Screen Annotation, Normal Operating Mode

4

5

activates the windows display mode and splits the screen into

CTRL

two separate displays|the top, overview window and the bottom,

applications window. Only one window is active at a time. The active

window is selected by toggling the

front-panel keys).

4

NEXT

5

key (under the WINDOWS

Receiver RF Section Annotation

The instrument preset conditions used in this manual are those of

an HP 8542E or an HP 8546A EMI receiver. When using either an

HP 85422E or an HP 85462A receiver RF section, operators will note

discrepancies in reference level and sweep time when comparing

the illustrations given in this manual to the displays presented on

the instrument screen. These discrepancies are due to hardware

dierences between the two congurations.

Figure 1-5. EMC Screen Annotation Using Windows

Getting Started 1-11

Menu and Softkey Overview

The

keys

of

front-panel

functions

These menus are called softkey menus.

Softkey menus list functions other than those accessed directly by

the front-panel keys.To activate a function on the softkey menu,

press the unlabeled key immediately to the right of the annotation on

the screen. The unlabeled keys next to the annotation on the display

screen are called softkeys.

Throughout this manual front-panel keys are indicated by a box

around the key label, for example,

by shading on the key label, for example,

displayed depend on the front-panel key pressed and which menu

level is selected.

If

a softkey function's value can be changed, it is called an active

function.

display in inverse video.For example, if you press

softkey menu of related amplitude functions is displayed. Note the

function labeled

\

REF

LVL

indicating

using

any

labeled SETUP, FREQUENCY, and MKR are all examples

keys. Pressing most front-panel keys access menus of

that

are displayed along the right side of the display screen.

4

AMPLITUDE

The

function label of the active function appears on the

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

"

also

it

of

appears

is

the

the

REF LVL

active

data

appears in inverse video. The message

in

the

amplitude

controls

active

.

function

function

5

; softkeys are indicated

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

REF LVL

and

. The softkeys

4

AMPLITUDE

block

on

can

the

be

changed

5

display

the

,

A

softkey

softkey's

softkey

softkey

will

A

function

so

so

be

indicated

with

ON

and

OFF

in its label can be used to turn the

function

that

that

on

or

o.

T

o turn the function on, press the

ON

is

OFF

underlined.

is

underlined.

To turn the function o, press the

An ON or OFF softkey function

throughout this manual as:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ANTENNA

with AUTO and MAN in the label can either be

ON

OFF

ON.

auto-coupled or have its value manually changed. The function's

value can be changed manually by pressing the softkey until

MAN is underlined, and then changing its value with the numeric

keypad, knob, or step keys.To set the function so that it operates

automatically, press the softkey so that AUTO is underlined. An AUTO

or MAN softkey function will be indicated throughout this manual as:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ATTEN AUTO MAN

AUTO.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

When some softkeys

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SRC ATN MAN AUTO

, such as

, are pressed the rst time, only the function will

SCR PWR ON OFF

and

be highlighted. To change the value of the function use the numeric

keys, step keys or knob. When entering a value with the numeric

keys, the entry must be terminated by pressing one of the units keys,

such as

4dB5or4

5

. When adjusting the value using the step keys or

dBV

knob the units are entered automatically by the receiver. When you

are nished entering or adjusting the value, press the softkey again to

highlight the on and o or auto and manual functions.

1-12 Getting Started

A summary of all front-panel keys and softkeys can be found in

Chapter 3, \Key Dictionary Reference," of the

Reference

manual.

EMI Receiver Series

Disk

Drive

The

disk

available

disk

in

drive

for

reading

MS-DOS

on

or

the

front panel of the receiver RF section is

from

or

writing to a 1.44 MByte, 3.5 inch oppy

LIF

format.

Note

Only double-sided disks may be used.

The following tasks may be performed using the disk drive:

F

ormat

Create

Dierentiate

Save

Save

quasi-peak,

Save

a

disk.

a

le

.

between

and

recall

instrument

and

recall lists of signal data, including frequency and peak,

and

and

recall limit lines.

the

dierent

setups

.

average amplitudes.

types

of

les when cataloged.

Save and recall amplitude correction factors.

Save

and

recall

Save

bitmap

instrument

les

(images)

traces

of

display

.

graphics

.

Getting Started 1-13

Receiver RF Section Battery Information

The

receiver

receiver

installed

Figure 1-6.)

The minimum life expectancy of the battery is 8 years at 25C, or

1yearat55C. If you experience problems with the battery or the

recommended time period for battery replacement has elapsed, see

\Returning the EMI Receiver for Service" in the

Installation and Verication

If you wish to replace the battery yourself, you can purchase

the service documentation that provides all necessary test and

maintenance information. The battery is soldered onto the receiver's

processor board. Service documentation may be ordered through your

HP sales and service oce.

After replacing the battery, write the date of battery replacement on

the

rear-panel

RF section uses a 3.6 V lithium battery to enable the

memory

is

to retain data. The date when the battery was

on a label on the rear panel of the instrument. (See

label.

EMI Receiver Series

manual.

Figure 1-6. Rear-Panel Battery Information Label

1-14 Getting Started

Calibration

What You'll Learn in this Chapter

This chapter describes procedures for calibrating the HP 8542E/

HP 8546A EMI receiver and the HP 85422E/HP 85462A receiver RF

section. In this chapter you will:

Calibrate the EMI receiver.

Set the receiver clock.

Set the AutoCal time.

Perform the tracking generator self-calibration.

Perform the YTF self-calibration. (HP 8546A or HP 85462A only.)

Calibrate the receiver RF section.

2

Improving Accuracy

Data from the self-calibration routine is necessary for receiver

operation.

receiver

frequency and amplitude accuracy. Press the

the Self-Calibration Routine menus. The last softkey on this menu,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

The

self-calibration

Regularly

is

using

executing

current

the

calibration

self-calibration

data.

This

improves

4

CALIBRATE

routine

5

the

key to view

, provides access to additional self-calibration functions.

routines

provide

correction

factors

for

ensures

receiver's

internal

the

circuitry. The application of the correction factors is required to meet

frequency and amplitude specications. When the correction factors

are applied to internal circuitry the message \

CORR

" (corrected) is

displayed on the left side of the screen.

The

EMI

receiver calibration consists of two parts.

An

receiver

RF section frequency and amplitude calibration

An RF lter section amplitude calibration

The receiver RF section frequency and amplitude calibration adjusts

the frequency, sweep time, and span accuracy. It also adjusts

bandwidth, switching between log and linear paths, IF gains,IF

centering, RF attenuation, and the log amplier.

The RF lter section amplitude calibration automatically adjusts

amplitude levels to be within the calibration limits for the EMI

receiver.

Calibration 2-1

When is Self-Calibration Needed?

The following guidelines are intended to help you decide when to use

the self-calibration features.Your specic measurement needs will

determine your exact requirements.

Perform the frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines

whenever the instrument experiences signicant environmental

changes

(which

important

were

last

If

the

environment),

all

receiver calibration procedures

conditions

T

o achieve optimal amplitude accuracy for relative measurements:

Keep the receiver in a stable environment.

such

as

temperature

may

occur

if

the

frequency

performed

environment

calibrate the receiver daily. Be sure to perform

are met.

during

in

is

relatively



C),

(

6

shipping

and

amplitude

a

dierent environment.

humidity

5

or

transport). This is particularly

self-calibration routines

stable (for example, a laboratory

after

operating temperature

,

shock,

or

vibration

Warm-Up Time

Retrieve

beginning

data

drift

the

prior

is

normally

the

to

stored

rst

measurement.

making

less

calibration

subsequent

than

the calibration uncertainty.)

data

from

memory before

Do

not

retrieve the calibration

measurements. (The amplitude

Keep the receiver turned on between measurements.

If the input signal for EXT REF IN changes, run the frequency

and amplitude self-calibration routines. Amplitude calibration is

required to improve IF centering.

If

accurate

self-calibration

is

temporarily

needed

in

a

dierent

environment, calibrate the receiver RF section, but do not store the

calibration data. The temporary correction factors will be used until

the receiver is turned o, or until the calibration data is retrieved

from memory.

F

or

an

HP

8546A/HP 85462A only.

If

preselector

amplitude

peaking

when

has more than a 2-db eect on the signal

using

single-band sweep mode above 2.9 GHz,

perform the YTF self-calibration routine and then store the data.

The YTF self-calibration routine improves the preselector default

values.

A one hour warm-up period is necessary after the receiver is turned

on to ensure the receiver meets its specications

.

2-2 Calibration

Note

Be sure to perform all receiver calibration procedures

temperature conditions are met.

after

operating

Calibrating the EMI Receiver

When either the HP 8542E or HP 8546A is turned on, the receiver's

amplitude calibration data for INPUT 1 and INPUT 2 is veried. If

the data is valid, it is downloaded to the RF lter section from the

nonvolatile storage in the receiver RF section. If the data is not valid,

the RF lter section will use its standalone factory calibration data

and

display

a

\

Cal

Needed

"

message

.

Note

PRESET or IP does

not

download the receiver's calibration data.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Using

T

o

CAL FETCH

retrieve

the

receiver's calibration data from internal memory,

press:

4

CALIBRA

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TE

5

CAL FETCH

If the data is not valid when the calibration data is retrieved from

memory

messages

using

will

the

cal

be

displayed:

fetch

function,

one

or

both

of

the

following

INPUT 1: Data Not valid

CAL

INPUT

CAL

V

erifying

1.

T

o

verify

4

CAL

INPUT

INPUT

2:

Data

the

CHECK

1

required

Not

2

required

Receiver's

the

amplitude

5

valid

Calibration

calibration data, press:

2. If the data is not valid, the calibration check procedure is stopped

and the message \

Cal Needed

" is displayed.

Note

3. If the data is valid, the calibration check is completed and the

message \

Calibration OK

" is displayed.

Only the amplitude accuracy at 300 MHz62 dB is veried when a

4

CAL CHECK

5

is executed. To ensure the receiver meets its specications

at all frequencies, a calibration must be performed.

Calibration 2-3

Using

CAL

ALL

To calibrate the receiver, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

4

CALIBRATE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

5

CAL ALL

The calibration procedures take approximately 20 minutes to

complete. When the calibration is successfully completed, the internal

adjustment data is stored in volatile RAM and the following message is

displayed.:

CAL ALL : done

INPUT 1 : Passed

INPUT 2 : Passed

Press CAL STORE to save

If the calibration procedure encounters a detectable error that

prevents part of the receiver from meeting all of the specications

at all frequencies, the calibration

following

CAL

INPUT

INPUT

CAL

messages

ALL

:

1

:

2

:

ALL

:

will be displayed.

done

Failed

Passed

done

will be completed

and one of the

INPUT 1 : Passed

INPUT 2 : Failed

CAL ALL : done

INPUT 1 : Failed

INPUT

2

:

Failed

If

the

to

be

receiver

completed,

encounters

messages

an

such

error

as

that

the

will

not

following

allow

will

the

be

displayed:

CAL INPUT 1 : Data Not valid

CAL INPUT 1 required

INPUT

300

INPUT

TG

CAL

FAILED:

MHz

out of range

CAL

FAILED:

INT

ALC out of range

INPUT CAL FAILED:

TG EXT ALC out of range

These messages tell you which sections of the receiver have

encountered problems during the calibration procedure.

calibration

2-4 Calibration

Using

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

STORE

Note

When calibration is complete, the message \

save

" will be displayed. To prevent the internal adjustment data from

Press CAL STORE to

being lost when the receiver is turned o, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL STORE

The

message

If

a

problem

saved,

In the following messages,

one

of

\

CAL:

was

the

Stored

"

encountered

following

messages

CAL 85422: Stored

will be displayed.

while

the calibration data was being

will be displayed.

is displayed if you are

calibrating an HP 8542E.

CAL

85462:

CAL

INPUT

INPUT

Stored

1 : Not stored

2

: Stored

CAL 85462: Stored

CAL

INPUT

INPUT

CAL

85462:

CAL

INPUT

INPUT

1

:

Stored

2

:

Not

stored

Stored

1

:

Not

stored

2

:

Not

stored

If one of these messages is displayed, it means either some of

the calibration data is not valid or some of the data did not store

successfully.

Interrupting calibration

To interrupt the calibration routines, press:

4

PRESET

4

CALIBRATE

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

FETCH

5

5

The previous correction factors are retrieved.

Calibration 2-5

Using the AutoCal Function

The AutoCal function enables you to select a time at which it would

be convenient to have the calibration performed. If the Autocal

function is ON when the receiver's internal clock reaches the

\AutoCal Time," a calibration will be performed.

Setting

1.

the

T

o

set

the

4

CONFIG

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Receiver's

clock,

press:

5

Clock

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Time Date

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Time Date ON OFF

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SET

TIME

ON

Use the numeric keys to enter the time in an HHMMSS format,

then press

4

(ENTER)

5

to terminate the entry.

2. To set the date, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SET

DATE

Use the numeric keys to enter the date in an YYMMDD format,

then press

Setting

1.

T

o

set

performed,

4

CALIBRATE

A

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

4

utoCal

time

press:

5

(ENTER)

Time

at

which

5

to terminate the entry.

you

wish to have the automatic calibration

Cal At Time

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SET

TIME

Use the numeric keys to enter the time in an HHMMSS format,

then press

4

(ENTER)

5

to terminate the entry.

2-6 Calibration

Note

2. To initialize automatic calibration, press:

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AUTO CAL ON OFF

ON

When the automatic calibration function is ON, the calibration will be

performed at the set time, even if the receiver is in use.

Performing a Partial Calibration

If only INPUT 1 or INPUT 2 is to be used, the following procedure

may be used to save time.

For the HP 8542E only

4

CALIBRATE

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL 85422

It

will

take

calibration.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

STORE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL INPUT 1

F

or

the

HP

4

CALIBRATE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL 85462

It

will

take

calibration.

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

STORE

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

INPUT

5

1

of

3

approximately 10 minutes to complete the HP 85422E

When

the

calibration is complete press the following keys:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

or

CAL INPUT 2

8546A

only

5

1

of

3

approximately

When

the

1

or

10

calibration

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL

INPUT

minutes

is

2

to

complete

complete

press

the

the

HP

85462A

following

keys:

Note

When the partial calibration is complete, one of the following

messages will be displayed.

CAL INPUT 1 (or 2): done

INPUT 1 (or 2): Passed

CAL INPUT 1 (or 2): done

INPUT 1 (or 2): Failed

To store the new calibration data, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL STORE

In general, it is recommended the CAL ALL procedure be used to

insure the system is calibrated for measurements from either input.

Calibration 2-7

Performing the Tracking Generator Self-Calibration Routine

The following procedure can be used to calibrate the tracking

generator.

1. To calibrate the tracking generator, connect TRACKING

GENERATOR OUTPUT on the RF lter section to INPUT 2 using

an appropriate cable and adapters.(To calibrate the receiver RF

Note

section

A

low-loss

as

a

standalone

instrument,

connect

cable should be used for accurate calibration. Use the 50

cable shipped with the receiver.

2.

P

erform

the

the

following

tracking

keys:

generator

self-calibration routine by pressing

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

2of3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL TRK GEN

If the tracking generator output is not connected to the receiver

input, the message \

The

two

tracking

minutes

generator

.

TG SIGNAL NOT FOUND

self-calibration

routine

TG to RF IN.)

" is briey displayed.

lasts

approximately

P

erforming

the

YIG-Tuned

Note

3.

T

o

prevent

receiver

the

is

turned

internal

o,

adjustment

press:

data

from

being

lost

when

the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL STORE

Filter

Self-Calibration Routine

For an HP 8546A/HP 85462A only.

The following procedure can be used to calibrate the YIG-tuned lter.

All connections required for this procedure are internal.

1. To perform the YIG-tuned lter self-calibration routine, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 2 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL YTF

The YIG-tuned lter self-calibration routine lasts approximately

two minutes.

2. To prevent the internal adjustment data from being lost when the

receiver is turned o, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 3 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL STORE

2-8 Calibration

Calibrating the Receiver RF Section as a Standalone Instrument

The following calibration is to be used only if you are using either the

HP 85422E or the HP 85462A as a standalone instrument.

1. To calibrate the receiver RF section as a standalone instrument,

press:

Note

4

CALIBRATE

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

5

CAL ALL

The frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines take

approximately nine minutes to nish. When the calibration is

successfully

volatile

2.

T

o

prevent

receiver

RAM

is

the

turned

completed,

and

a

message

internal

o,

the

internal

is

displayed.

adjustment

press:

adjustment

data

is

stored in

data from being lost when the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL STORE

To perform the frequency and amplitude self-calibration functions

separately, press:

4

CALIBRA

N

N

N

N

N

N

More

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL FREQ

If

the

frequency

the

frequency

calibration,

3.

The

frequency

adjusts

frequency

5

TE

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

1

of

and

calibration

unless

the

frequency

self-calibration

3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

or

CAL AMP

amplitude

should

the

frequency

calibration

,

sweep

self-calibration

be

performed

data

is

takes

approximately

time

,

and span accuracy.To start the

procedure

,

known

press:

routines

before

are

the amplitude

to be accurate.

two

minutes

used,

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL FREQ

.It

When

returns

the

frequency

and

\

CAL DONE

calibration is complete, the preset display

" is displayed.

4. The amplitude calibration takes approximately seven minutes.It

adjusts bandwidth, switching between log and linear paths,IF

gains,

IF centering, RF attenuation, and the log amplier.To start

the amplitude self-calibration procedure, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CAL AMP

When the amplitude calibration is complete

returns and \

CAL DONE

" is displayed.

, the preset display

When the calibration is successfully completed, the internal

adjustment data is stored in volatile RAM and a message is

displayed.

5. To prevent the internal adjustment data from being lost when the

receiver is turned o, press:

4

CALIBRATE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

CAL STORE

Calibration 2-9

After the frequency and amplitude self-calibration routines are

complete, the message \

CORR

" (corrected) appears on the left

side of the screen. This indicates the frequency and amplitude

correction factors are being used. The correction factors can be

turned o using the

underlined,

correction

6.

T

o

calibrate

most

factors

the tracking generator, perform the procedure under

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CORRECT ON OFF

amplitude

are

not

correction

used.

function. When OFF is

factors and some frequency

\Performing the Tracking Generator Self-Calibration Routine".

7. If you have an HP 85462A, calibrate the YIG-tuned lter by

performing the procedure under \Performing the YIG-Tuned Filter

Self-Calibration Routine".

This completes the frequency and amplitude calibration procedure for

the receiver RF section.

2-10 Calibration

Making Compliance Measurements

What You'll Learn in This Chapter

This chapter describes how to congure the HP 8542E/HP 8546A EMI

receiver to make compliance measurements, view and measure signals

with the desired detectors, store these measurements to the internal

list and create a report. The measurement examples presented in this

chapter are:

Setting Up a Measurement Using the SETUP Key

Using standard congurations

Customizing the standard congurations

Loading user-dened congurations from a disk

3

Note

Loading

a

limit

line

from

a

disk

Loading an amplitude correction factor le from a disk

Activating the windows display format

Saving

Making

Tuning

Using

a

setup

a

Measurement

the

receiver

a

marker

to

to

disk

tune

Using

the

the

TEST

Key

receiver and mark a signal

Making a measurement, saving the data in the list, and viewing

the list

Creating a Report Using the OUTPUT Key

Conguring a printer or plotter

Dening and producing a report

An EMI receiver is required to make compliance measurements.

Measurements made with only the receiver RF section may not meet

the requirements of some regulatory agencies.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-1

Introducing the SETUP,TEST, and OUTPUT Keys

The functions associated with the

4

SETUP

have been optimized to match the operations found in nearly all

EMI measurements. These functions make it is possible to gather

and output data with a mimimum number of keystrokes.The

centralization

the

receiver

from

which

features

the

use

of

the

instrument.

of

of

these

of

,

gather

to

the

control

data

learn

the

receiver

functions

provides

and

other

.

The

and

a

fast,

generate

powerful

examples

their

interactions

Setting Up a Measurement Using the SETUP Key

To prepare the EMI receiver to make compliance measurements,

the instrument settings must be appropriately congured.

Optional procedures include displaying limit lines, activating

amplitude-correction factors and opening the measurement windows.

The rst level of menus, accessed by pressing the

standard

allow

and

and

you

to

amplitude

user-dened

modify

the

correction

congurations

standard

factors

congurations

.

5,4

easy

reports

TEST

way

.

5

,and

It

measurement

in

this

section describe both

with

.

The

second

,

and

for

4

OUTPUT

you

5

keys

to congure

also provides a base

and

diagnostic

other features

4

5

SETUP

key, provide

and

third

use

limit

levels

lines

Using

Standard

Congurations

The

EMI

which simplify the process of preparing the receiver to make

measurements

ranges

softkey

T

able

Start/Stop FrequencyIFBandwidth

9 kHz{150 kHz 200 Hz CISPR 300 Hz 70 dBV

150 kHz{30 MHz 9 kHz CISPR 30 kHz 75 dBV

30 MHz{300 MHz 120 kHz CISPR 300 kHz 80 dBV

200 MHz{1 GHz 120 kHz CISPR 300 kHz 80 dB

receiver

and

.

The

are

provides

.

The

congurations are based on standard frequency

four

standard

instrument

automatically selected by pressing the appropriate

settings unique to each conguration are shown in

3-1.

Table 3-1.

HP 8542E/HP 8546A Standard Congurations

MENU LABEL

Averaging

Bandwidth

congurations

Reference

Level



V

3-2 Making Compliance Measurements

The instrument preset values are:

Peak detector displayed

Peak, quasi-peak and average detectors available (for more

information, refer to \Selecting the Measured Detectors" later in

this chapter)

Preamplier o

RF and IF overload detection on

Autorange o

The settings common to all standard congurations are:

10 dB input attenuation

Marker ON

dBV units

Customizing the Standard Congurations

The standard congurations can be modied to meet specic

requirements

changed

1.

Set

using

the

.

Frequency parameters (start, stop, and center span) are

the menus associated with the FREQUENCY key.

receiver

to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

SETUP

4

INPUT

5

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

200

MHz

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW

CAL

0

1

GHz

ON

OFF

ON

Modifying Start and Stop Frequencies

2. To change the start frequency, press:

4

FREQUENCY

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

START

5

FREQ

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::

3. To change the stop frequency, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

STOP FREQ

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

Modifying Reference Level and Input Attenuation

4. To set the reference level and input attenuation, press:

4

AMPLITUDE

5

5. To change the reference level, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

REF LVL

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :904

150

1100

4

MHz

4

MHz

dBv

5

5

5

6. To increase the input attenuation, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ATTEN AUTO MAN

MAN

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :204dB5

Making Compliance Measurements 3-3

Modifying IF and Averaging Bandwidths

The EMI receiver oers measurment (CISPR) and diagnostic IF

bandwidths as well as post-detection averaging bandwidths. The

receiver defaults to the measurement bandwidth appropriate for the

current center frequency.

7. To select a dierent bandwidth, press:

4BW5

8. Each measurement bandwidth has its own softkey.To select a

specic measurement bandwidth, press the appropriate key.To

change

to

a

diagnostic

IF

bandwidth,

press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

IF BW AUTO MAN

9.

Bandwidths

the

numeric

using

setting,

the

press:

may

step

keypad

keys

be

selected

followed

or

MAN

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::

by

entering the desired value using

by

the

appropriate terminator,orby

knob

.To return the receiver to the default

100

4

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

IF

BW

10.

The

receiver

selected

AUTO MAN

selects

IF

bandwidth.

AUTO

an

averaging

T

o

select

bandwidth

a

dierent

appropriate

averaging

for

the

bandwidth,

press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AVG

BW

AUTO

MAN

MAN

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

:::::: ::::::: :::::: :

100

4

kHz

kHz

5

5

Note

11. To set the receiver to the default setting, press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AVG

BW

AUTO

MAN

A

UTO

Selecting the Active Detector

The EMI receiver can scan any one of the three available detectors.

The currently active detector is indicated onscreen in the upper

right-hand

detector

scans

because

the built-in quasi-peak or average detectors, press the

4

AVGERAGE

corner

of

the

the

measured

of

its

5

detector keys located in the upper portion of the front

as

receiver

short

the

\

ACTV

is

the

spectrum

charge

and discharge time constants.To scan with

DET

." Refer to Figure 3-1. The default

peak detector. The peak detector

faster

than the other built-in detectors

4

QUASI-PEAK

5

panel. When using these detectors, the receiver scans at a much

slower rate due to longer time constants

selected to match the increased charge and discharge times

making diagnostic measurements

, it is possible to scan these slower

detectors at a faster rate by reducing the sweeptime

will indicate this condition by displaying a \

. Scan times are automatically

. When

. The receiver

MEAS UNCAL

" error

message, as shown in Figure 3-1.

When using the receiver RF section by itself, refer to \Receiver RF

Section Annotation" in Chapter 1 of this manual.

or

3-4 Making Compliance Measurements

Figure

3-1.

Active Detector and Measured Detector Messages

Selecting

the

Measured

Detectors

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

The

MEASURE

three

available

are

displayed

\

MEAS

DET

three

detectors

measurement

independently

AT

MKR

softkey

detectors

in

the

".

Refer to Figure 3-1. The default conguration makes all

active

time

.

upper

.

Selecting only the detectors you need reduces

.

The

dwell time for each detector may be set

can

be

used

to

measure

The

detectors selected to be measured

any

of

right-hand corner of the screen labeled

.

the

12. To select the detectors to be measured and their dwell times,

press:

4

5

SETUP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1

of

3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Inst Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Measure Detector

13.

Locate the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DETECTOR PK QP AV

softkey.

Notice each of the detector labels are underlined. This indicates

they will all be measured.

Press the softkey

. Notice some detectors are

not

underlined,

and the detectors indicated next to MEAS DET onscreen have

changed.

Continue pressing the softkey to observe the dierent possible

combinations of detectors. When you are nished examining the

combinations, make all three detectors active by pressing the

following softkey until all three detectors are underlined.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DETECTOR PK QP AV

PK QP AV

Making Compliance Measurements 3-5

Measuring Detector Dwell Times

14. To modify the peak detector dwell time, press:

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PK DWELL TIME

The

current

dwell

:::::: :::::: :::::

time

is

indicated

Enter the desired dwell time.

in

the

active function block.

15. To modify the dwell times for the quasi-peak and average

detectors

,

press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

QP DWELL TIME

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AV

DWELL

TIME

:::::: :::::: :::::

:::::: :::::: :::::

Enter the desired dwell time.

Enter the desired dwell time.

The current dwell time is indicated in the active function block.

Note

The dwell times are added to the time required to obtain a valid

detector reading, as dictated by the specic charge and discharge time

constants. The total dwell time

cannot

be set below the required

minimum value.

Controlling

The

preamplier

and the

message

on.

Refer

16.

T

o

turn

4

PREAMP

Notice

the

the

Preamplier

can

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

be

PREAMP ON OFF

appears

to

at

top

Figure

the

3-2

preamplier on, press:

5

the

change

preamplier

o.

5

controlled

from

both

the

softkey located under the

of

the

display

to

indicate

4

PREAMP

4

SETUP

the

key

5

key.A

preamplier

.

in

reference level. Press this key again to turn

is

17. The following procedure can also be used to turn the preamplier

on.

4

5

SETUP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1

of

3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Inst Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PREAMP ON OFF

ON

3-6 Making Compliance Measurements

18. To turn the preamplier o, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PREAMP ON OFF

OFF

Figure

3-2.

\

PREAMP ON

"and\

AUTORANGE ON

" Messages

Controlling

The

autoranging

A

utoranging

feature

allows

the

instrument

to

automatically

change its sensitivity as needed to remove any RF or IF overloads that

occur during operation. The instrument will perform one autoranging

activity per scan until the instrument is no longer in overload. To

maximize sensitivity when the displayed frequencies are changed,

the autoranging function will remove any corrective actions that

were taken earlier, then autorange for the new conditions. A message

appears at the top of the display when autoranging is on. Refer to

Figure 3-2.

19. To activate autoranging using the front-panel key, press:

20.

4

AUTORANGE

Press

this

The

following

4

SETUP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

key

5

5

again

to

procedure

turn

autoranging o.

can

also

be used to activate autoranging:

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Inst Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

AUTORANG ON OFF

ON

Making Compliance Measurements 3-7

Loading User-Dened Congurations from a Disk

User-dened congurations are useful if you regularly make

measurements using the same setup. They are also useful when you

wish to standardize measurements for multiple operators or locations.

User-dened settings include:

instrument state

Using Limit Lines

windows

limit

amplitude

The

disk

Chapter

1.

To select a user-dened setting from a disk, insert the disk into the

drive

4

state

lines

(including

correction

drive

can

testing

factors

be

used to store user-dened settings. Refer to

11 for more information.

and press:

5

SETUP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

status)

RECALL SETUP

The receiver will catalog all setup les resident on the disk. Use

the step keys or knob to highlight the desired le.

2.

T

o

load

the

desired

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

setup

,

press:

LOAD FILE

Two limit lines with margins can be displayed on the EMI receiver.

These limit lines can be used to visually determine whether displayed

signals

of

uncertainties

the

meet

limit

the

lines

that

,

appropriate

and

are

useful

can

exist

limits

in

the

.

Margins

when

entire

are

taking

into

measurement

set

relative

account

to

any

system.

each

3-8 Making Compliance Measurements

If you wish to provide a margin of safety when testing to a limit,

you may set a margin below the required limit. When the limit-test

function

onscreen

limit

automatically

is

lowest.

is

activated,

whether

line

or margin. When limit testing is activated, the receiver

tests

the EMI receiver automatically indicates

or not a displayed signal passes or fails a displayed

to either the limit line or the margin, whichever

Failures are indicated both onscreen and over the HP-IB

bus. When performing limit testing with two limit lines and their

associated margins, the receiver automatically tests to the lowest of

the four.

Note

When using the limit-test function, it is important to keep track of

which detector output is being tested against which limit line.The

peak detector is the default detector, however, most commercial limit

lines indicate acceptable quasi-peak or average detector output levels.

When

viewing

limit

failure

of

failure

quasi-peak

impulsive

value

of

the

peak

detector

when

testing

only

indicates

detector

signal

that

.

to

exceed

same signal remains below the limit.

It

against

the

is

quite

a

output,

a

quasi-peak

need

to

remeasure the signal with the

possible

quasi-peak

it

is possible to trigger a

limit line. This type

for the peak value of an

limit,

while the quasi-peak

Refer to Chapter 8 for more information on entering and editing

custom limit lines.

Loading a Limit Line from the Disk

1. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

SETUP

4

A

2.

Access the limit-line menu by pressing:

4

SETUP

5

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

200

MHz-1

UTORANGE

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

GHz

5

1

of

3

Limit Lines

3.

Insert

disk

from

the

Limit

Lines

and

Antenna

drive

. Load the EN55022 Class A Radiated, 10 m limit le

F

actor

Library

Disk into the

the disk by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RECALL

Highlight

LIMIT

EN022A10.LIM

using the step keys or knob.

4. To load the le, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOAD

FILE

The receiver will automatically turn the limit lines on after it has

nished loading the le.

5. Enter a03 dB margin limit relative to limit line 1 by pressing:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Limit 1

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARGIN 1 ON OFF

ON

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::34

dB

5

The dotted margin line is displayed below the limit line. It can also

be adjusted using the knob.

6. Turn limit testing on by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LMT TEST ON OFF

ON

Making Compliance Measurements 3-9

7.

T

est the functionality of limit-line testing using the internal

calibrator

4

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

signal by pressing:

5

VIEW CAL ON OFF

ON

Using

Amplitude

8. Turn the margin o by pressing:

9. Turn the internal calibrator signal o by pressing:

Correction

The

the

corrections

EMI receiver allows three types of amplitude-correction factors to be

applied to the input signals.

The message \

FAIL MARGIN 1

" is displayed because the calibrator

signal exceeds the margin line.

4

5

SETUP

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Limit Lines

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Limit

1

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARGIN 1 ON OFF

The

message

\

FAIL

OFF

LIMIT

1

" is displayed because the calibrator

signal now exceeds the limit line.

4

5

INPUT

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW

CAL ON OFF

The message \

PASS LIMIT

OFF

" is displayed because no onscreen signals

exceed the limit line.

F

actors

EMI

eects

receiver

of

can

any

transducers

correct

the

used

displayed

are made real-time, as the data is displayed onscreen. The

when

data

making

to

take into account

measurements

. The

Note

3-10 Making Compliance Measurements

Antenna Factors Conversion factors relating eld strength to

measured voltage.

Cable Factors Conversion factors to correct for cable insertion

loss.

Other Factors Correction factors to account for the eects of any

other two-port device placed between the antenna

and the receiver

.

A total of 80 correction frequencies can be specied. They can be

distributed among the three categories in any combination. A matrix

of correction frequencies and amplitudes is entered for each category

desired. The receiver automatically sums the matrices and applies the

net correction factor to the displayed data.

The amplitude-correction factor applied to the lowest selected

frequency is also applied to all frequencies

below

the lowest selected

frequency. The amplitude-correction factor applied to the highest

selected frequency is also applied to all frequencies

above

the highest

selected frequency. Refer to Chapter 9 for more detailed information.

Loading an Amplitude Correction Factor File from a Disk

Matrices can be loaded from a disk or entered from the front panel.

The following procedure describes how to load an antenna factor

matrix from the Limit Line and Antenna Factor Library Disk.

1. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

SETUP

5

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

200

MHz

0

1

GHz

2. Access the correction factors menu by pressing:

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Correctn Factors

3. Insert the Limit Lines and Antenna Factor Library Disk into the

disk drive.

4. Load the HP 11966D periodic antenna 200 MHz|1 GHz le from

the disk by pressing:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Antenna

Factors

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RECALL ANTENNA

5. Highlight \

LOG_PERD.ANT

" using the step keys or knob.

6. To load the le, press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOAD

FILE

The receiver will automatically activate the correction factors after

the le has been loaded. The noise oor will rise accordingly.

Note

Amplitude-correction factors are turned o when VIEW CAL is turned

on.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-11

Activating the Windows Display Format

The windows display format can be used to provide a simultaneous

display of both the entire frequency range of interest and a detailed

subset of that range. This display format helps you keep track of all

the signals in the entire spectrum while making measurements on a

specic signal. When the windows display format is rst activated,

the

initial

trace

is

a

frequency

actively

applications

of

the

the

initial

that

was active in the initial trace is automatically transferred to both

the

overview and applications window.

When

state

of each window is simplied. Use the

span

scanned

window

overview

trace

window

.

using the windows display format, the information detailing the

active display to full screen. A complete description of the window

state is provided when in this full screen mode. Press the

again

to

1.

return

Before

known

to

activating

state

by

transferred

that

is

in

the

lower

is

centered

All

limit line and amplitude correction information

into

the

upper

one-tenth

the width of the current trace is

applications

around

or

the marker frequency that was active in

overview

window

window. The span of the

either the center frequency

5

4

ZOOM

key to expand the

4

the

windows

the

windows

display mode.

display

format, set the receiver to a

pressing:

ZOOM

and

5

key

4

PRESET

4

SETUP

4

A

4

INPUT

4

PEAK SEARCH

5

5

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

200

MHz

0

1

GHz

5

CAL

5

ON

OFF

UTORANGE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW

5

ON

2. To activate the windows display format, press:

4

5

CTRL

Notice the initial trace has been moved to the overview window,

and a ten percent span of that trace, centered around the marker,

has

been

moved

into

the

applications window.

3. To activate the overview window, press:

4

5

NEXT

The outline of the overview window is now highlighted, showing it

to be the active window

4. A

ctivate the lower applications window again by pressing:

4

5

NEXT

.

The outline of the lower applications window is now highlighted.

3-12 Making Compliance Measurements

By repeatedly pressing this softkey, the active trace control toggles

between the upper overview window and the lower applications

window.

5.

T

o

activate

4

ZOOM

Complete annotation of the active window state is provided when

in the full-screen mode.

the zoom function, press:

5

Press the

6. To turn the windows mode o, press:

4

CTRL

4

5

ZOOM

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

WINDOWS OFF

key again to return to the windows display mode.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-13

Making a Measurement

The

main

functions necessary for making compliance measurements

are

the

located

receiver

under the

, change the display of a signal by turning the scan on

4

TEST

5

key

. These functions allow you to tune

and o, point to the signal of interest with the marker, make a

measurement of that signal, and enter that measurement into a data

list.

Tuning the Receiver

1. To access the measurement softkeys, press:

4

5

TEST

2. To tune to a new center frequency, press:

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TUNE

SLO

FAST

and either,

enter the desired value using the numeric keypad

use the step keys

rotate the knob to the desired center frequency

When entering a value with the numeric keys, the entry must be

terminated by pressing one of the units keys, such as

When

entered

When

available

adjusting

the

automatically

the

knob

is

,

slow

and

value

used

fast.

by

to

using

the

enter

the

receiver

the

step

keys

.

frequency

or

two

knob

tuning

4

MHz

the

5or4

units

rates

3. To change the rate at which the receiver tunes when using the

knob

,

press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TUNE SLO FAST

FAST

The slow rate is the default rate. It is calculated by the receiver

and is based on the scan width and the IF bandwidth. The fast rate

is eight times greater than the slow rate.

GHz

are

are

5

.

Note

3-14 Making Compliance Measurements

Y

ou may toggle between the two rates by repeatedly pressing the

TUNE

it

The frequency of the receiver can also

SLO FAST softkey. The selected speed will be retained until

is changed, or an instrument preset is performed.

be changed by using the

CENTER, START, and STOP functions. These functions are accessed

by pressing the

pressing the

4

FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

5

key. The SPAN function, accessed by

5

key, or the default user-softkey, can also be used

to change the frequency of the receiver.

Using the Marker to Tune the Receiver

The marker function has two modes of operation. In tune mode,

the receiver retunes the center frequency while maintaining the

current span when the marker is moved to either edge of the display.

This is the default mode.Inspanmode, the receiver will

the receiver when the marker is moved to either the start or stop

frequency

1.

T

known

of

the

o

see

how

state

not

current

the

by

span.

tune and span modes work, set the receiver to a

pressing:

retune

2.

T

o

4

PRESET

use

4

INPUT

5

the

internal calibrator as the test signal, press:

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW CAL ON OFF

ON

3. Use the marker to point to the 300 MHz calibrator signal by

pressing:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER TUNE SPN

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::

4. Turn the windows display mode on by pressing:

4

5

CTRL

The 300 MHz calibrator signal is displayed in the center of the

lower window. The frequency span is 80 MHz.

5. Select the marker tune mode by pressing:

4

5

TEST

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

6.

Rotate

of

changes

overview

MARKER

the

TUNE

the

knob

window

.

frequencies

window

SPN

clockwise

As

you

.

The

indicating

TUNE

until

continue

zone

the

the

marker reaches the right side

to rotate the knob the receiver

marker

is

frequency

also moving in the upper

range

being displayed.

300 MHz

7.

Continue

rotating

the

knob

until

the 600 MHz calibrator signal is

located in the center of the display.

8. Press the up-arrow (

edge of the display

9. Press the up-arrow (

4*5

) step key. The marker moves to the right

.

5

) step key

4

*

, again. The receiver retunes and

the marker moves to the left edge of the display

10. Continue pressing the up-arrow (

4*5

) step key until the 900 MHz

calibrator signal is displayed on the screen.

11. To change the marker mode to span, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER TUNE SPN

SPN

Note that when the knob is rotated counter-clockwise the

receiver does

not

retune when the marker reaches the edge of the

display.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-15

.

Using the Measure at Marker Function

The measure-at-marker function uses a built-in algorithm to

simplify the process of taking data. Measurements are made by

placing the marker on the signal of interest and then selecting the

measure-at-marker function. The algorithm:

1. locates the signal of interest

2.

turns

the

scan

3.

optimizes

4.

measures

5.

displays

The

marker box remains on the screen until the marker position or

receiver

saved

to

the

all

the

tuning is changed. The measure-at-marker results can be

the

internal

the internal list can be viewed and remeasured, as desired. Refer to

Chapter 5 for more information.

The

dwell

time

time

function.

earlier

The

in

following

use

the

this chapter for more information.

example shows how to:

measure-at-marker function

o

at

that signal

measurement

detectors

results

in

list by pressing

used

for

each

Refer

to the \Customizing Standard Settings" section

dynamic

currently

range

selected

the onscreen marker box

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD

TO

LIST

detector

can

be

adjusted

.

The contents of

using

the dwell

use the marker box

store signals in the list

view signals in the list

1. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

5

2. Turn on the internal calibrator signal to use as a test signal by

pressing:

4

5

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

VIEW CAL ON OFF

ON

3. Activate the marker by pressing:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MARKER TUNE SPN

TUNE

4. Rotate the knob until the marker is on the peak of the 300 MHz

calibrator signal.

5. Measure the signal at the marker by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEASURE AT MKR

The measured detector values are displayed on the screen in the

marker box. Refer to Figure 3-3.

3-16 Making Compliance Measurements

6. Save the measurement to the list by pressing:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

Figure

3-3.

Using the Measure at Marker Function

7. Rotate the knob until the marker is on the peak of the 600 MHz

calibrator signal, and then press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

8.

When

MEASURE

the

AT

receiver

MKR

displays

the

measured

values, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

9. Rotate the knob until the marker is on the peak of the 900 MHz

calibrator signal, and then press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEASURE AT MKR

10. When the receiver displays the measured values, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

11. Change the displayed span by pressing:

5

4

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :104

SPAN

12. View the signals entered into the list by pressing:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SIG LIST ON OFF

ON

MHz

5

Use the step keys to step through the list. The receiver highlights

the selection and automatically tunes to the indicated frequency.

Refer to Chapter 5 for more information.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-17

Note

The measure-at-marker function uses an algorithm to sequentially

reduce the frequency span until the peak of the signal of interest

is displayed. After each span reduction, the marker moves to the

largest signal present on the display. The receiver indicates which

signal

it

are

measuring

algorithm

reduce

the

division

If

using

the

with

a

repetition frequency of less than 5 Hz, set the sweep time

to

greater

frequency

sweep

time

measured

may

span

away

Measure at Marker function to measure a pulsed signal

than or equal to the inverse of the pulse repetition

.

(For example, to measure a 1 Hz CISPR pulse, set the

to 1 second or greater prior to using the Measure at

by

a

small

measure

until

from

the

leaving

signal

the

the

larger

smaller

the

in

the

larger

signal.

marker

at that signal. If you

presence of a large signal the

signal.

signal

If

this situation occurs,

is one major frequency

Marker function.)

Strong adjacent signals can aect measurement accuracy. The

measure-at-marker algorithm detects when these signals may

be interfering with the measurement and displays the message,

\

Strong

adjacent

signal

"

in

the

lower

left-hand corner of the

display. The eects of strong signals can be reduced by increasing

the input attenuation, or, when making diagnostic measurments,by

reducing the IF bandwidth.

3-18 Making Compliance Measurements

Creating

a

Report

Data

collected

report

can

the

user comments (annotations)

a

tabular list of the data

a

graph of the data in the list on either a linear or logarithmic

frequency

in

the

consist

internal

of

any

list can be printed in a report. The

of the following elements:

axis with the limit lines that are currently displayed

a listing of the instrument setup parameters, including limit-line and

amplitude-correction les

Note

Conguring a Printer

Only the graph can be sent to a plotter.

The instrument supports a variety of printers. The receiver must

be

congured

Conguration

correctly

options

to

operate

include:

with a specic printer type.

printer type

HP-IB address of the printer

number

color

The

4

COPY

key

The

HP

ThinkJet

1.

A

of

plots

or

monochrome

conguration

5

key

or

the

menu).

following

procedure

printer

ccess

the

printer conguration menu by pressing:

4

CONFIG

5

per

page

output

information

OUTPUT

REPORT softkey (located on the

congures

.

is

used

when

printing

the receiver to print to an

with

either

4

OUTPUT

2. To use a ThinkJet printer, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Print Config

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Printer Type

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

THINKJET

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Config Done

the

5

Note

The default printer is the HP DeskJet 550C.

3. Set the HP-IB address of the printer

of the address assigned to the printer

address is

701

, enter

01

by pressing:

. Enter the last two numbers

.For example, if the printer

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PRINTER ADDRESS

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::

4. Conrm the entry by pressing:

4

ENTER

5

Making Compliance Measurements 3-19

01

Conguring and Generating a Report

Use the list that was created in the \Using the Measure at Marker

Function" section earlier in this chapter for this procedure.

1. Access the report denition menu by pressing:

4

OUTPUT

N

5

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Define

Report

2. Verify that all report denitions are set to on (default mode), by

selecting the following softkey settings:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ANNOTATN ON OFF

ON

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOG ON OFF

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LIN

ON

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LIST

ON OFF

OFF

ON

ON

ON

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SETTINGS ON OFF

3.

T

o

modify the list, press:

ON

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous Menu

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Define List

The display of the data in the list can be tailored to meet your

needs

.

Y

ou

can:

Select which of the measured detectors to print to the list.

Display

for

Elect

(refer

Print

any

the

of

to

indicate

to

Chapter

the

dierences

the

detectors

current

between

.

which

of

4

for

more

correction

a

data

the

list

entries have been \marked,"

information).

factors

used.

point

and the limit lines,

3-20 Making Compliance Measurements

4. To modify which detector values are printed to the screen, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SHOW DET PK QP AV

The

detectors

PK

and

combinations

that will be displayed are underlined (defaults are

QP). Press the softkey repeatedly to view the detector

available

.

5. When limit lines are active, the numerical dierence between a

specic detector reading and limit line 1 can be included in your

report by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SHOW11PKQPAV

The detectors that will be displayed are underlined. Press the

softkey repeatedly to view the detector combinations available.

6. To include the numerical dierence between a specic detector

reading and limit line 2 in the report, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SHOW12PKQPAV

The detectors that are currently detected are underlined. Press

the softkey repeatedly to view the detector combinations

available.

Note

7.

T

o

include

point

N

N

SHOW

the total current correction factor used for the data

displayed

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

COR

in

the report, press:

ON

OFF

ON

8. To include the \mark" in the report, press:

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SHOW

MRK

ON

OFF

ON

When

the

number

the

receiver

printer

number

printer

maximum

of

characters

will

does

not

of

columns

is

nine

.

number

available

print

the

support

that

of

columns

across

exceeds

a

page

in

data in landscape orientation. The Thinkjet

landscape

can

be printed in portrait mode on this

orientation, and the maximum

9. To return to the top level OUTPUT menu,press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

10.

Previous

T

o

add

user

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Menu

notes

to

the

report,

press:

EDIT ANNOTATN

the

maximum

portrait

orientation,

Annotation

of

information

Chapter

11.

T

o

ASCII

clear

N

N

N

N

CLEAR

is

entered

characters

on

connecting

with

allowed

a

keyboard.

in

the annotation is 1024, For more

and

12.

any existing annotation, press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ANNOTATN

The

maximum

using

the keyboard, refer to

number

12. When you nish entering notes, press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EXIT

EDIT

13.

V

erify

the

report

printer

by

pressing:

is

connected

to

the receiver, then output the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

OUTPUT REPORT

14. To halt the operation at any time during the output cycle, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ABORT

The receiver will nish any graphs currently in process before

aborting the output cycle.

Making Compliance Measurements 3-21

List-Based Measurements

4

Radiated

key

output

emissions

of

the

measurements

revolve

around signal lists. The

testing process is a list of the highest amplitude

signals from the equipment under test. It is this list of signals which

regulatory agencies of the world are interested in. The list-based

measurement feature includes the following features:

Add signals to the list.

View the signal list table at any time.

Sort the signal list.

Delete

Mark

signals from the list.

signals

on the list.

Remeasure signals on the list.

Save the tabular list to disk and recall it.

Graph the signal list on a logarithmic or linear scale.

Save

the

When

are

viewed

half

active

viewing

of

the

window

signal

display

at

the

the

with

list

graph

signal

same

screen;

a

time

live

list

the

trace

to

disk.

table

,

.

The

lower

.

Furthermore

both

list

and trace information

signal

list is displayed in the upper

half

of

the display screen is the

, as each signal in the

list is selected, the frequency of the signal is used to tune the active

window. If the frequency is already on-screen, just the marker is

moved, otherwise the tune frequency is changed.

Note

For the purpose of this measurement example, the 300 MHz calibrator

signal and its harmonics will be used to build a signal list.

Before performing this measurement example, make sure that the

signal list is empty by pressing the following keys:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDIT LIST

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

(If table is empty, go to step 1.)

Delete Signals

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE ALL SIGS

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE ALL SIGS

List-Based Measurements 4-1

1.

Preset

the

instrument

to a known state by pressing:

Note

2.

4

PRESET

A

ctivate

5

the 300 MHz calibrator signal and its harmonics by

pressing:

4

5

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

When

VIEW CAL ON OFF

using

the

receiver

ON

RF section by itself, refer to \Receiver RF

Section Annotation" in Chapter 1 of this manual.

4-2 List-Based Measurements

300 MHz Calibrator Signal

3. Set the receiver stop frequency to 2.9 GHz in order to view

additional harmonic signals by pressing:

4

FREQUENCY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

STOP FREQ

5

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::

2.9

4

GHz

5

300

MHz

Calibrator Signal with Harmonics

4. Place a marker on the 300 MHz calibrator signal by pressing:

A

dding

Signals to the List

4

PEAK

5.

Measure

signal

peak

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEASURE AT MKR

SEARCH

the

peak,

by

5

quasi-peak,

pressing:

(wait for results to be displayed)

and

average

detectors

for

this

List-Based Measurements 4-3

P

eak,

Quasi-Peak, and Average Detectors Measurement Results

6. After the measurement is complete, the results are displayed in

the marker display area, and the signal can now be added to a

signal list by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

7.

Step

to

the

rst

harmonic

signal,

take a measurement, and add

this result to the signal list by using the following sequence:

4*5

(positions marker on rst harmonic signal)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEASURE AT MKR

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD

TO

LIST

(wait for results to be displayed)

4-4 List-Based Measurements

Note

Viewing the Signal List

Signal

Y

ou

may

need

to

press

the

4

*

the

marker on the peak of the signal.

8.

Repeat

have

9.

Display

signal

step 7 for the remaining harmonic signals until all signals

been measured and added to the signal list.

the

signal

list

that

and

its

harmonics

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SIG LIST ON OFF

ON (displays the signal list)

A

dded to Signal List

5

(step

up)

key

more

than

once

to

place

was created by the 300 MHz calibrator

measured

above

by pressing:

List-Based Measurements 4-5

Signal

List

of 300 MHz Calibrator Signal and Harmonics

Sorting the Signal List

10. Sort the signal list by peak amplitude by pressing:

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDIT LIST

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Sort

Signals

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SORT BY PK AMP

4-6 List-Based Measurements

Signal List Sorted by Peak Amplitude

11. Resort the signal list by frequency by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SORT BY FREQ

Deleting Signals From the List

12.

Delete

following

the

last

harmonic

key

sequence:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Menu

(returns

Delete Signals

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SELECT FRM LIST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE SIGNAL

,

signal from the signal list by using the

to

the

editing

menu)

(enters delete signals menu)

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::94

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE SIGNAL

ENTER

5

Note

After pressing

\

If

you are sure, press key again to delete signal.

Pressing

DELETE SIGNAL

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE SIGNAL

once, the message

a second time deletes the data.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

" will appear.

Last Harmonic Signal Deleted

13. Notice that after the signal has been deleted, the marker and

signal number are decreased by one

.

In order to add the last

harmonic signal back to the signal list, use the following key

sequence:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER TUNE SPN

4*5

(positions marker on last harmonic signal)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEASURE AT MKR

TUNE (activates marker)

(wait for results)

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

List-Based Measurements 4-7

Last

Harmonic

Signal Remeasured and Added to List

Marking Signals

14. Mark the 2nd harmonic signal for deletion by pressing:

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EDIT

LIST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Signal Marking

Enter

signal

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

number

2

and press

4

ENTER

5

MARK SIGNAL

4-8 List-Based Measurements

Signal Marking

Notice that signal 2 in the list is highlighted and marked with an

asterisk.

15. Enter each of the 4th, 6th, and 8th harmonic signal numbers and

mark them by using the following sequence:

16.

Enter signal number, press

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MARK SIGNAL

Delete

the marked signals by pressing:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous

Menu

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Delete Signals

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DELETE MARKED

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

DELETE MARKED

4

ENTER

5

Remeasuring Signals

Notice

Marked

that

remaining signals are renumbered sequentially.

Signals

Deleted

and

List

Reordered

17. Remeasure the remaining signals on the list by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Previous Menu

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Re-measure

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

REMEAS ALL SIGS

List-Based Measurements 4-9

Saving Signal Lists

CA

UTION

When

saving

messages

that

a

le

Remaining

do

internal

not

data

appear

has been saved before clearing the data from your display.

Signals

in List Remeasured

and signal lists are displayed, disk warning

. Therefore it is recommended that you verify

For example, before saving signal list data, make sure that your

disk is

N

N

RECALL

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

not

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LIST

write protected. To verify that the le was saved, press

to

catalog

signal

lists

that

have

been

saved to the disk,

then check that the correct le was saved by inspecting the le name,

date, and time stamp.

18. To save the current signal list, press:

4

5

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Save/Rcl List

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SAVE LIST

Enter register number 5 and press

4

ENTER

5

Note

Recalling Signal Lists

4-10 List-Based Measurements

Signal lists and associated annotation can only be saved to a disk.

Refer to Chapter 11 for more information of saving and recalling.

Refer to \Entering Data Using the External Keyboard" in Chapter 12

for information on the annotation editor.

19. To recall the previously saved signal list from the disk, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RECALL LIST

A catalog of the disk lls the screen.

20.

Select the lename corresponding to register number 5 using the

knob or step keys, then press:

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

LOAD

FILE

The signals in the le will be added to the end of the current

signal list which remains unchanged. Any annotation for the

signal list created using an external keyboard is also loaded from

the le; any existing annotation is replaced.

Graphing

Signal

Lists

21. To show a linear graphical representation of the signals in the

signal list, press:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SAVE LIN GRAPH

Signals Plotted on Linear Frequency Scale

List-Based Measurements 4-11

22.

To show a logarithmic graphical representation of the signals in

the signal list, press:

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SAVE

LOG

GRAPH

Saving Signal Lists Graphs

Note

Note

Signal

23.

T

Signals

list

o

graphs

save

the

can

displayed

Enter the register number 8 and press

Plotted

only

be

on

saved

Log

Frequency

to a disk.

log signal list graph to a oppy disk:

4

5

ENTER

Scale

The saving process takes several minutes. The le on disk is a

Windows bitmap (.BMP) accepted by most Windows applications

which read graphic images.

The \

Register #

" message is not saved to the .BMP le.

4-12 List-Based Measurements

Stepped Measurements

Stepped measurements allow the receiver to step across the frequency

band in predened frequency steps. When making the measurement,

the receiver steps to a given frequency in a xed-tuned fashion. You

can:

Dene the frequency step as either linear or logarithmic.

Specify the step size for each type of step.

Specify which detector(s) to measure.

Specify the dwell time for each detector.

P

erforming

a

Stepped

Measurement

5

Note

1. Preset the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

5

2. Display the 300 MHz calibrator signal and its harmonics by

pressing:

4

5

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW CAL ON OFF

ON

3. To perform a stepped measurement with a center frequency of

300 MHz and a span of 3 MHz, press:

4

FREQUENCY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

4

AMPLITUDE

4+5

(moves the signal trace to the top of the display)

4

TEST

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

5

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::34

5

5

300

More 1 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More 2 of 3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEAS STEPPED

To ensure all signals are captured and their amplitudes accurately

displayed, the linear step size should be no more than one-half of a

bandwidth.

4

MHz

MHz

5

5

Stepped Measurements 5-1

Note

When the receiver completes the stepped measurement, three

traces are displayed as shown below.

When

using

the

Section

receiver

Annotation

"

in

RF

section

Chapter

by itself, refer to \Receiver RF

1

of this manual.

Note

Stepped

Measurement

Display

The traces are displayed as follows:

Yellow Peak detector amplitude

Blue Quasi-peak detector amplitude

Magenta Average detector amplitude

4. When the measurements are complete, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EXIT

MEASURE

When EXIT MEASURE is pressed, the measurement is stopped and all

data is lost. Be sure to save the data by adding it to the signal list

table

prior

to pressing EXIT MEASURE.

5-2 Stepped Measurements

Selecting a Detector and Setting a Dwell Time

At each frequency step, you can select a detector and a dwell time for

the detector.

1. To select the peak and quasi-peak detector and set a dwell time of

two seconds, press:

4

5

SETUP

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1

of

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Inst

3

Setup

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Measure Detector

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DETECTOR PK QP AV

PK

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

DETECTOR

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

QP DWELL TIME

PK

QP

AV

PK

QP

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::24

sec

2. To view an onscreen display of the signal list and make a stepped

measurement, press:

4

5

TEST

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1

of

3

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SIG

LIST

ON

OFF

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

2

of

3

ON

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEAS

STEPPED

5

When

at

the

the

left

information

Stepped Measurement Using Two Detectors

measurement

edge

of the screen. The marker box displays the

on

the

is

selected

completed, the marker is positioned

detectors.

Stepped Measurements 5-3

Using the Marker

The marker can be used to read the frequency and amplitude of two

detectors, for example, peak and quasi-peak. When the measurement

is complete the marker function is the active function. Use the

keypad, step keys or knob to move the marker along the trace. The

frequency and amplitude values of the two traces at the marker are

displayed in the marker box.

5-4 Stepped Measurements

Adding Data to the Signal List Table

The results of the stepped measurement can be added to the signal list

table. See Chapter 4 for more information on the signal list table.

If you wish to add the results of the stepped measurement to the

signal list table, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

ADD TO LIST

Data Added to the Signal List Table

The new data now appears in the signal list.

Changing the Frequency Step

The default step size is equal to one IF bandwidth. To change the

default step size, press:

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

FREQ STEP

Restarting and Stopping the Measurement

To start and stop a stepped measurement:

1. Start the measurement by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RESTART

2. When the measurement reaches 300.2 MHz, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

STOP

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

0.5

4

(ENTER)

5

Stepped Measurements 5-5

Note

Stepped

If

the

measurement

marker

the

3.

may

be

used

measurement was stopped.

Use

the knob to move the marker along the trace. Observe the

portion

of the trace over which the marker is active.

Measurement

is

stopped

only

on

the

Stopped at 300.2 MHz

before

the

portion

of

4. To select a continuous step mode, press:

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MEAS

SNG

CONT

CONT

5. To restart the measurement, press:

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

RESTART

trace

is

completed,

the trace recorded

the

before

Note

Note

5-6 Stepped Measurements

The MEAS SNG CONT function is always active. Executing the

function

during

a

measurement

will

not corrupt the measurement.

6. When the measurements are complete, press:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

EXIT MEASURE

When EXIT MEASURE is pressed the measurement is stopped and all

data is lost. Be sure to save the data by adding it to the signal list

table

prior

to pressing EXIT MEASURE.

Using Logarithmic and Linear Steps

During conducted measurements, (for example, CISPR bands A and B),

the emissions are usually broadband in nature and you may wish to

use the logarithmic frequency step function. This function can be

used whenever a logarithmic display, spanning several decades, would

be more informative than a linear display. The following gures show

the

two

display

options

.

Note

When

using

percentage

a

logarithmic

of

frequency

Using

a

Logarithmic

step

size

,

the

frequency

Step

Size

step

is

. The default step size equals three percent.

specied

as a

Using a Linear Step Size

Stepped Measurements 5-7

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

What You'll Learn in This Chapter

This chapter demonstrates how to make diagnostic measurements

using the EMI receiver and the receiver RF section. Each

measurement focuses on dierent functions. The measurement

procedures covered in this chapter are:

Resolving signals of equal amplitude using the IF bandwidth

function.

Resolving small signals hidden by large signals using the IF

bandwidth function.

Increasing the frequency readout resolution using the marker

counter.

6

Decreasing

the

frequency

span

using

the

marker

track

function.

Peaking signal amplitude using the preselector peak function.

Tracking

and

Comparing

Measuring

and

unstable

minimum

signals

low-level

video

averaging.

hold

signals

functions

using

delta

signals

using

.

using

marker

markers

attenuation,

track

.

and

the

averaging

maximum

bandwidth,

hold

Identifying distortion products using the RF attenuator and traces.

Measuring signals near band boundaries using harmonic lock.

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-1

Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude

In

responding

out

the

the

lter

shape of its intermediate frequency (IF) lter. As we change

to a continuous-wave signal, a scanning receiver traces

bandwidth, we change the width of the displayed response.

If a wide lter is used and two equal-amplitude input signals are close

enough in frequency, then the two signals appear as one. Thus, signal

resolution is determined by the IF lters inside the receiver.

For maximum exibility, the receiver allows you to select from the

CISPR 200 Hz, 9 kHz and 120 khz 6 dB measurement IF bandwidths,

or from the 30 Hz to 3 MHz 3 dB diagnostic IF bandwidth in a 1, 3,

10 sequence, plus 5 MHz. The 1 MHz5 MHz. The 1 MHz bandwidth

maybe a 6 dB bandwidth. The bandwidths tell us how close together

equal amplitude signals can be and still be distinguished from each

other. The IFBW function selects the IF lter setting.

Generally, to resolve two signals of equal amplitude, the IF bandwidth

must be less than or equal to the frequency separation of the

two signals. If the bandwidth is equal to the separation, a dip of

approximately

signals

,

and

Figure

In

set

order

to

a

6-2

value

bandwidth.

the

sweep

to

.

keep

time

it

So

3

is

that

,

is

dB

clear

the

if

is

receiver

is

inversely proportional to the square of the IF

the

increased

and bandwidth settings are coupled. (Sweep time is proportional to

1/BW2.) For fastest measurement times, use the widest IF bandwidth

that still permits discrimination of all desired signals.

seen

that

between

more

than

the

one

peaks

signal

of

the

is

two

present.

calibrated, sweep time is automatically

IF

bandwidth is reduced by a factor of 10,

by a factor of 100 when sweep time

equal

See

6-2 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

In this example you will resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a

frequency separation of 100 kHz.

1. Obtain two signals with a 100 kHz separation by connecting two

signal sources to the receiver input as shown in Figure 6-1.

Figure 6-1. Set-Up for Obtaining Two Signals

2. Set the frequencies of the two sources to be 100 kHz apart, for

example, 300 MHz and 300.1 MHz. The amplitude of both signals

should be approximately 87 dBV(020 dBm).

3. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

4

AMPLITUDE

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER FREQ

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

REF LVL

5

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

5

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::24

5

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::824

300

4

MHz

MHz

+dBV

A single signal peak is visible.

4. Since the IF bandwidth must be less than or equal to the frequency

separation of the two signals, an IF bandwidth of 30 kHz or less

must be used to resolve the two input signals. Change the IF

bandwidth to 10 kHz by pressing:

4BW5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

IF BW AUTO MAN

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::::104

kHz

5

5

5

5

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-3

The display should be similar to that shown in Figure 6-2. To

resolve the signals further, use the knob or step keys to reduce the

IF bandwidth.

As

the

is

improved

times

,

Since

a

"#"

screen,

Figure

IF

bandwidth

use

the

IF

mark

6-2.

and

the

the

widest

bandwidth

appears

Resolving

is

decreased,

sweep

time

possible

has

next

to

Signals

is

resolution

been

changed

\

IF

BW

of

Equal

resolution

increased.

of

the

F

or

bandwidth.

from

the

"

in the lower-left corner of the

indicating that the IF bandwidth is uncoupled.

Amplitude

individual

signals

fastest measurement

coupled

value,

6-4 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals

When

attempting

you

must

bandwidth.

consider the shape of the IF lter as well as its 3 dB or 6 dB

to resolve signals that are not equal in amplitude,

The

shape of the measurement lters is dened by CISPR

16. The shape of the diagnostic lter is dened by the shape factor,

which is the ratio of the 60 dB bandwidth to the 3 dB bandwidth.

(Generally, the IF lters in this receiver have shape factors of 15:1 or

less.) If a small signal is too close to a larger signal, the smaller signal

can be hidden by the skirt of the larger signal. To view the smaller

signal, you must select an IF bandwidth such thatkis less thana.See

Figure 6-3.

Figure

6-3.

IF

Bandwidth

for Resolving Small Signals

The separation between the two signals must be greater than half the

lter width of the larger signal at the amplitude level of the smaller

signal.

The following example resolves two input signals with a frequency

separation of 100 kHz and an amplitude dierence of 50 dB.

1. Obtain two signals with a 100 kHz separation by connecting the

equipment as shown in the previous section, \Resolving Signals of

Equal Amplitude".

2. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

CENTER FREQ

5

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

5

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::24

300

4

MHz

MHz

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-5

5

5

3.

Set

the

IF

bandwidth

4BW5

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

IF BW AUTO MAN

to

30 kHz by pressing:

::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::

4. Set one source to a frequency of 300 MHz and an amplitude of

87 dBV(020 dBm).

5. Set the second source to a frequency of 300.1 MHz and an

amplitude of 37 dBV(070 dBm).

6. Set the 300 MHz signal to the reference level by pressing:

30 kHz

4

PEAK SEARCH

4

MKR

!

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER

5

5

!

REF

LVL

If a 30 kHz lter is used, the 60 dB bandwidth will be 450 kHz.

Since the half-bandwidth (225 kHz) is wider than the frequency

separation, the signals will not be resolved. See Figure 6-4.

(To determine resolution capability for intermediate values of

amplitude level dierences, consider the lter skirts between the

3

dB and 60 dB points to be approximately straight. In this case,

we

simply used the 60 dB value.)

6-6 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Figure 6-4. Signal Resolution with a 30 kHz IF Bandwidth

7.

To resolve the two signals reduce the IF bandwidth by pressing:

4BW5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

IF BW AUTO MAN

If

a

10 kHz lter with a typical shape factor of 15:1 is used,

the

lter

will have a bandwidth of 150 kHz at the 60 dB point.

The half-bandwidth (75 kHz) is narrower than the frequency

separation, so the input signals will be resolved.

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::::104

kHz

5

Figure

6-5.

Signal

Resolution

with

a

10

kHz

IF

Bandwidth

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-7

Increasing the Frequency Readout Resolution

The

marker

frequency

bandwidth

counter increases the resolution and accuracy of

readout.

to

When using the marker count function, if the

span ratio is too small (less than 0.01), the

message appears on the display.If

indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow. If there is

another, larger signal (even o the display), the count will be for the

larger signal.

The following example increases the resolution and accuracy of the

frequency readout on the signal of interest.

1. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

Widen RES BW

Reduce Span

is displayed, it

4

PRESET

4

INPUT

4

FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

5

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

VIEW CAL ON OFF

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER

5

FREQ

5

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::34

ON

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::

2. Place a marker on the signal of interest by pressing:

4

PEAK SEARCH

4

MKR

3.

Turn

the

4

MARKER FUNCTION

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MK COUNT ON OFF

The

message

and

amplitude

!

5

marker

COUNTER

5

counter

of

the

5

ON

will

marker

on

by

be

.

pressing:

displayed

as

well

as

the

300

frequency

4

MHz

MHz

5

5

6-8 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

4.

Increase the counter resolution by pressing:

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1

of

2

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CNT RES AUTO MAN

The

of

marker

the

counter

screen.

The resolution can be set from 1 Hz to 100 kHz.

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::14

readout is displayed in the upper-right corner

kHz

5

5.

The

marker

marker

4

MARKER FUNCTION

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MK COUNT ON OFF

or

4

MKR

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MKR 1 ON OFF

counter

5

Figure

counter

by

6-6.

Using

remains

pressing:

5

OFF

OFF

the

Marker

Counter

on until turned o. Turn o the

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-9

Decreasing the Frequency Span

Using

the

marker track function, you can quickly decrease the span

while

keeping

This

example

1. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

the signal at center frequency.

examines a carrier signal in a 200 kHz span.

4

PRESET

4

INPUT

4

FREQUENCY

4

PEAK SEARCH

5

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW CAL ON OFF

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNN

STOP

5

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::

5

ON

2. Move the signal to the center of the screen by pressing:

4

MARKER FUNCTION

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MK

TRACK

Because

signal

at

the

the

marker

center

5

ON OFF

ON

track

function automatically maintains the

of the screen, you can reduce the span quickly

for a closer look. If the signal drifts o of the screen as you

decrease the span, use a wider frequency span.

3. Decrease the span by pressing:

4

5

SP

The

Figure

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::24

AN

span

decreases

6-7

.

Y

ou

can

in

also

steps

use

as

automatic

the

knob

zoom

is

completed.

or

step keys to decrease the

span.

700

4

See

MHz

MHz

5

5

4. Turn o the marker track function by pressing:

6-10 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Figure 6-7. After Zooming In on the Signal

4

MARKER FUNCTION

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MK TRACK ON OFF

5

OFF

Peaking Signal Amplitude with Preselector Peak

F

or

an

HP

8546A

/

HP 85462A only.

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Note

PRESEL PEAK

The

preselector

tracking

preselector

works only

peak

above

function

2.9 GHz.

automatically

above 2.9 GHz to peak the signal at the active marker. Using

peak prior to measuring a signal yields the most accurate

amplitude reading at the specied frequency.To maximize the peak

response of the high frequency input lter and adjust the tracking,

tune the marker to a signal and press:

adjusts the input lter

Note

4

AMPLITUDE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

PRESEL PEAK

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PRESEL PEAK

but

may

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PRESEL

measuring

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

PRESEL DEFAULT

maximizes the peak response of the signal of interest,

degrade the frequency response at other frequencies.Use

5

DEFAULT

a

or

4

PRESET

signal at another frequency.

to

clear

preselector-peak values before

provides the best atness for a full single-band and

for viewing several signals simultaneously.

1.

Set

the

receiver

4

PRESET

4

INPUT

5

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

to

a

known

state

by

pressing:

INPUT 2 1-6.5G

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW

CAL

ON

OFF

ON

4

FREQUENCY

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

START

N

NNNNNNNN

5

:

:

:

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :

NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

STOP

4

PREAMP

4

PEAK SEARCH

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::

5

OFF (Toggles on and o.)

5

3.0

3.5

4

GHz

4

GHz

5

5

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-11

2.

P

eak

the

amplitude

response

by pressing:

4

AMPLITUDE

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Presel Peak

The

message

5

peaking

is

displayed

while

the

routine is working.

Figure 6-8. Peaking Signal Amplitude Using Preselector Peak

6-12 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Tracking Unstable Signals

The

marker

drift

with

useful

for

have an envelope that contains the information-bearing portion of

the

signal.

signals. Use

the display. Pressing

bring

that signal to the center frequency of the graticule and adjust

the

center frequency every sweep to bring the selected signal back to

the center.

4

MARKER

Note

the

unstable

receiver is changed. If you choose to use the marker track function

when changing center frequency, check to ensure the signal found by

the tracking function is the correct signal.

Using the Marker Track Function

In this example you will use the marker track function to keep a

drifting

signal

track function is useful for tracking unstable signals that

time. The maximum hold and minimum hold functions are

displaying modulated signals which appear unstable, but

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MK

4

PEAK

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SPAN ZOOM

FUNCTION

primary

signals

,

in

TRACK ON OFF

SEARCH

5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

MK TRACK ON OFF

is a quick way to perform the

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

,

MK TRACK ON OFF,4

function

not

to

track a signal as the center frequency of the

the

center

may be used to track these unstable

to place a marker on the highest signal on

ON will

4

PEAK

SEARCH

5

key sequence.

SP

AN

of

the marker track function is to track

of

the

display

and

monitor

its

change

5

,

.

Note

This

be

easily

tuning

1.

Connect

2.

Set

example

to

the analyzer to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

FREQUENCY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER FREQ

4

SP

4BW5

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

IF BW AUTO MAN

requires

found

by

the

FM

an

antenna to the receiver input.

a

modulated

connecting

broadcast

an

band

signal.

antenna

(88

to

108

An

acceptable

to

the

MHz).

receiver

5

5

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :

5

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::::204

AN

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

signal

input

104.9

can

and

4

MHz

30 kHz

Use a dierent signal frequency if no FM signal is available at

104.9 MHz in your area.

3. Adjust the reference level so the signal is within two divisions of

the top of the display by pressing:

4

AMPLITUDE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

5

REF LVL

Adjust the reference level so the signal is within two divisions of

the top of the display.

MHz

5

5

.

4. Turn autoranging on by pressing:

4

AUTORANGE

5

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-13

5.

Set

the

4

SPAN

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

SPAN ZOOM

span

5

by

pressing:

:::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::::

500

4

kHz

5

Note

Notice

the

signal

has

remained

in

the

center of the display.

If the signal you selected drifts too quickly for the receiver to keep up

with, increase the span.

6.

The

signal

marker

4

MKR

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

frequency

track

5

and

drift

marker

can

delta

be

read

functions

from the screen if both the

are

active. Press:

MARKER 1

4

MARKER FUNCTION

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MK TRACK ON OFF

5

ON

The marker readout indicates the change in frequency and

amplitude as the signal drifts. (See Figure 6-9.)

The receiver can measure the short-term and long-term stability

of a source. The maximum amplitude level and the frequency

drift of an input signal trace can be displayed and held by using

the maximum-hold function. The minimum amplitude level can be

displayed by using minimum hold (available for trace C only).

You can use the maximum-hold and minimum-hold functions if,

for example, you want to determine how much of the frequency

spectrum an FM signal occupies.

6-14 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Figure 6-9. Using Marker Tracking to Track an Unstable

Signal

Using Maximum-Hold and Minimum-Hold

In this example you will use the maximum-hold and minimum-hold

functions to monitor the envelope of an FM signal.

1. Connect an antenna to the receiver input.

2. Set the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

FREQUENCY

4

SPAN

4

AUTORANGE

4BW5

3.

Determine

4

PEAK

5

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER FREQ

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

IF

5

:::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :

5

::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :204

5

ON (Toggles on and o.)

BW

AUTO

MAN

:

:

:

:

the signal peak by pressing:

SEARCH

5

Adjust the reference level (under

two

4.

5.

divisions

A

djust

the

4

5

SP

AN

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

SPAN

Notice

Turn

the

o

4

MARKER

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MK TRACK ON OFF

of

span

ZOOM

signal

the

marker

FUNCTION

the

by

pressing:

:

:

:

:

has

5

top

of

:

:

:

:

:

:

remained

track

OFF

100

::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :104

4

Amplitude

the

display

::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::::

in

the

function

by

5

) so the signal is within

.

center

of

the

display

pressing:

500

.

4

MHz

MHz

kHz

4

kHz

5

5

5

5

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-15

6.

Measure

the excursion of the signal by pressing:

4

5

TRA

CE

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MAX HOLD A

As

the

signal

varies, maximum hold maintains the maximum

responses of the input signal, as shown in Figure 6-10.

Figure 6-10. Viewing an Unstable Signal Using Max Hold A

Annotation on the left side of the screen indicates the trace mode.

F

or

mode

example

,

trace

,

MA

SB

SC

indicates

B

and

trace

C

are

trace

in

store-blank

A

is

in maximum-hold

mode.

7. Select trace B by pressing:

8.

4

Place

5

TRACE

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TRACE A B C

B

trace B in clear-write mode by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CLEAR WRITE B

Trace B displays the current measurement results as it sweeps

Trace A remains in maximum-hold mode

, showing the frequency

shift of the signal.

9. Select trace C by pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

TRACE A B C

C

.

6-16 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

10.

Display

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MIN HOLD C

the minimum amplitude of the signal by pressing:

Figure

6-11.

Viewing

an

Unstable

Signal

using Max and Min Hold

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-17

Comparing Signals Using Delta Markers

Using

the

receiver, you can easily compare frequency and amplitude

dierences

The

delta

between

signals, such as radio or television signal spectra.

marker function lets you compare two signals when both

appear on the screen at one time or when only one appears on the

screen.

Measuring

Dierences

Between

In

on

1.

Two

Signals

this

example

the

same

Set

the receiver to a known state by pressing:

4

PRESET

4

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

VIEW CAL ON

display

5

5

you

will

measure

screen.

ON

the dierences between two signals

The calibrator signal and its harmonics appear on the display.

2. Place a marker at the highest peak on the display by pressing:

4

PEAK

SEARCH

5

3. Activate a second marker at the position of the rst marker by

4. Move the second marker to another signal peak using:

6-18 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements

Figure 6-12. Placing a Marker on the CAL OUT Signal

pressing:

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER 1

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NEXT PK RIGHT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

,

NEXT PK LEFT

, the step keys,ortheknob.

5.

The

amplitude and frequency dierence between the markers is

displayed

Figure 6-13.

in the active function block and in the Marker Box. See

Figure

6-13.

Using

the

Marker

Delta

Measuring Dierences Between Signals On Screen and O Screen

In this example you will measure the frequency and amplitude

dierence between two signals that do not appear on the screen at

the

same

time

.

(This

when

the

1.

Set

narrow

low-level

the

4

PRESET

4

INPUT

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

harmonics

receiver

5

5

VIEW CAL ON

4

FREQUENCY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

CENTER FREQ

5

4

::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :104

SPAN

span

5

technique

and

narrow

.)

to

a

known

ON

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

is

useful

bandwidth

state

by pressing:

for

harmonic distortion tests

are

necessary

2. Place a marker on the peak by pressing:

4

PEAK SEARCH

5

3. Identify the position of the rst marker by pressing:

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER 1

Function

to

measure

300

4

MHz

MHz

5

5

4. Set the center frequency by pressing:

4

FREQUENCY

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

N

CENTER FREQ

5

:::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::

600

The rst marker remains on the screen at the amplitude of the rst

signal peak.

Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements 6-19

4

MHz

5

Note

Changing the reference level changes the marker delta amplitude

readout.

The annotation in the upper-right corner of the screen indicates

the amplitude and frequency dierence between the two markers.

See Figure 6-14.

Figure 6-14. Frequency and Amplitude Dierences

Turn the markers o by pressing:

4

5

MKR

N

N

N

N

N

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

More

1of2

NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

MARKER ALL OFF

6-20 Making EMI Diagnostic Measurements