Aerosoft Bronco X Operating Instructions

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Bronco X

Concept Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft)

Models/Textures: Stefan Hoffman (Aerosoft)

XML/ gauges: Finn Jacobsen (Aerosoft) /

Frank Wiesmann (Aerosoft)

Flight mechanics: John Cagle

Project Management: Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft)

Manual, documentation: Finn Jacobsen (Aerosoft),

Mathijs Kok (Aerosoft)

Sounds: William Lennox (Aerosoft)

Images: Nick Churchill

Installer: Andreas Mügge (Aerosoft)

Testing: Several good folks who will all be getting a free copy

A special thanks to the OV-10 Bronco Association, German Wing, very cool people (Tony DeBruyn, Thomas Viertbauer, Tom Houquet, Michael Vaeremans, Peter Junior, Heinz-Dieter Rheinländer, Ela Gedl, Markus Rheinländer) who ﬂy a very cool aircraft. Without their help this aircraft would not be half as good.

Tel: +49 (0) 29 55 / 76 03-10 Fax: +49 (0) 29 55 / 76 03-33

E-Mail: info@aerosoft.de Internet: www.aerosoft.de www.aerosoft.com

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BroncoX

Manual

Add-on for

Microsoft Flight Simulator X

Bronco X

Content

Introduction ...............................................................6

System Requirements .......................................................... 7

Contact Support ................................................................... 8

Speciﬁcations(OV-10A) ........................................................ 9

FSX Limitations and Settings ............................................ 10

Flying the Bronco .....................................................13

The Garrett Turboprop Engine .......................................... 16

Failures ...................................................................... 18

Accumulative Engine Wear ........................................ 19

Electrical System ................................................................ 22

Battery Busses ........................................................... 22

Engineer Station Gauge............................................. 24

Fuel System ........................................................................ 26

Hydraulic Power System ................................................... 27

Oil System .......................................................................... 27

Power Levers/ Condition Levers ....................................... 28

Landing Gear ...................................................................... 29

Nosewheel Steering .................................................. 29

Wheelbrakes/ Parking Brakes ..................................... 29

Flight Control Systems ...................................................... 30

Trims ......................................................................... 30

Wing Flaps ................................................................ 30

Aerosoft GPS Unit .............................................................. 31

Map Mode ................................................................ 31

Direct To Mode .......................................................... 32

Cursor Mode ............................................................. 33

HSI Page ................................................................... 35

Becker BXP 6401 Transponder .......................................... 38

Tacan Receiver .................................................................... 40

Becker AR 4201

Communication Radio ....................................................... 41

Interactive Checklist Gauge .............................................. 42

Panels ................................................................................. 46

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Main Panel ......................................................................... 47

Right Side Main Panel ....................................................... 48

Left Rear Side Panel ........................................................... 49

Left Forward Side Panel .................................................... 51

Throttle Quadrat ................................................................ 52

Overhead Panel ................................................................. 53

Right Forward Side Panel .................................................. 54

Right Rear Side Panel ........................................................ 55

Right Sidewall Switches .................................................... 56

Checklist ............................................................................. 57

Normal Checklist ....................................................... 57

EMERGENCY CHECKLIST........................................... 68

Appendix A: Landing Pattern ........................................... 79

Appendix B: The Making Of ............................................. 80

Bronco X

Introduction

Almost all aircraft designed for a COIN (counter-insurgency) are great fun to ﬂy. They have to be sturdy and have loads of power to get out of trouble and they also have got to be agile and easy to ﬂy low to the ground. So they are all the opposite of airliners that draw straight lines high in the sky, they feel most at ease when the hug the ground and pull G. The OV-10 Bronco is perhaps the ﬁnest example of this class of aircraft.

The Bronco has its roots deep in the 1960s when most military aircraft were getting bigger, more complex and way faster. These aircraft did not work well in harsh conditions found in jungles and even on carrier decks. The concept of a rugged close air support aircraft that would be ideal to operate in limited scale conﬂicts and operate from improvised airﬁelds was proven by the Cambodia and Vietnam conﬂicts that were developing at the time. The North American (later Rockwell) developed the concept into prototypes that were soon in service with the U.S. Marines Corps, U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Navy. In Vietnam the aircraft was introduced in a Forward Air Control role, guiding large attack aircraft onto targets but soon the Bronco’s went into battle with a large array of ground attack weapons. Medium bombs, rocket and gun pods all proven to be effective and even Sidewinders against air targets were used. To increase loiter time over ‘Indian’ country external fuel tanks were added. All this additional weight and drag caused the aircraft to feel underpowered, even though it has ample power when it is ﬂown without external stores.

The Bronco has a small fuselage but if comfort was not important and the backseat removed it could carry 5 passengers. In fact the Bronco was soon used in every possible role. It was one of those aircraft that seemed to grow in potential over time, and as can be seen with other aircraft (the A10 Warthog for example) it seems hard to ﬁnd a modern replacement. That’s why there are still plans to build a updated version using the same basic design. When the Bronco was pulled from front line duty it was still in demand in military and civil roles.

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Countries like Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela, Lebanon and Germany used them for many tasks including drug interdiction, ﬁreﬁghting and target tugs. Many are still ﬂying and they are welcome guests at airshows with their distinct shape and sound.

Our standard version is based on the OV-10B that was last in service in Germany as a target tug (dragging air targets for other ﬁghters) and now ﬂy as part of the German Wing of the OV10 Bronco Association (GWOBA). That organization and especially its founder Tony De Bruyn and press Ofﬁcer Markus Rheinländer cannot be thanked enough. Do visit their website at http://www.germanwing.de/Start.htm.

System Requirements

• Windows XP, Vista, 7 (fully updated)

• Microsoft Flight Simulator FSX (with SP2 or Acceleration Pack)

• Dual Core CPU

• 2 GB RAM internal memory

• 512 MB graphic card

• Adobe Acrobat® Reader 8 minimal to read and print the

manual (1)

(1) Available for free, download at: http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/ acrobat/readstep.html

Bronco X

Contact Support

Support for this product is offered by Aerosoft. We prefer to have a support forum for the simple reason that it is fast and efﬁcient because customers help customers when we are sleeping.

There are special forums for this product at: http://forum.aerosoft. com/index.php/forum/474-ov10-bronco/

We feel strongly about support. Buying one of our products gives you the right to waste our time with questions you feel might be silly. They are not.

Versions

The Broncos came in various variants:

• OV-10A - Original production version

• OV-10B - German broncos used as target tugs (the Aerosoft

Bronco cockpit is based on this version)

• OV-10C – Export version for Thailand

• OV-10E – Export version for Venezuela

• OV-10F – Export version for Indonesia

• OV-10D – Second generation Bronco with modernized systems

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Speciﬁcations(OV-10A)

Crew: 2 Length: 41 ft 7 in (12.67 m) Wingspan: 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m) Height: 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m) Wing area: 290.95 ft² (27.03 m²)

Empty weight: 6,893 lb (3,127 kg) Max takeoff weight: 14,444 lb (6,552 kg) Powerplant: 2 × Garrett T76-G-410/412 turboprop, 715 hp (533 kW) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 281 mph (452 km/h) Range: 576 mi (927 km) Service ceiling: 24,000 ft (7,315 m) even though

18.000 ft seemed always more accurate

Armament

Guns: 4 × 7.62x51mm M60C machine guns Hard points: 5 fuselage and 2 under wing and provisions to carry combinations of: Rockets: 7- or 19-tube launchers for 2.75” FFARs or 2- or 4-tube launchers for 5” FFARs Missiles: AIM-9 Sidewinder (Wing pylons only) Bombs: Up to 500 lb Other: SUU-11/A or Mk 4 Mod 0 gun pods

Bronco X

FSX Limitations and Settings

Unfortunately FSX has some limitations that are hard to overcome, it also has some bugs that that are simply not possible to avoid. Some limitations (like Landing Lights and the complete Electrical System) have been circumvented by replacing what FSX has to offer and writing our own code, but some other things are not so easy. We like to mention them.

Almost all lights are not very solid in FSX. They always seem to wander around the airframe. Even stranger, this effect depends on where you are on the globe. We have avoided this effect in some cases by not using effects but modeled ‘balls’ of light. These are not easy to see at long distances but look better close up.

The sound is a special problematic area for this project because FSX does not know this type of engine. When we would have used the standard turboprop sound the startup would be rather unrealistic as the propellers would be heard while they would not be moving. So we are using a combination of FSX sounds and some played by our own sound module. We even switch off the default FSX sound during start-up otherwise it would be even more problematic. So don’t worry if you see the SOUND OFF message appear for a moment.

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The OV-10 Bronco does use special coding to handle the props and the Engine 1 propeller axis and Engine 2 propeller axis should be left unassigned in FSX. If you do have hardware assigned on those axis leave the levers fully forward when using the Bronco.

We decided not to model the back seat as it really is useless in FSX. You can’t ﬂy the aircraft from there as visibility is almost zero. Note that the aircraft is now mostly ﬂown with just the pilot. The Bronco does not have an Autopilot but we left the standard FSX Autopilot key commands on so when you do need to make a long ﬂight you can use it. We strongly recommend FSX REALISM settings as shown in the image. If you prefer to ﬂy without rudder activating the Autorudder is an acceptable option.

Because this aircraft is modeled with detailed system using a nonstandard startup situation could cause some systems to be in an incorrect initialization state. We provided a startup situation called Aerosoft - OV10 Bronco that places the aircraft at the airport where it is normally found (Wevelgem Belgium) with all FSX settings as they should be. Feel free to change the weather and location but do not change any of the other settings.

Bronco X

To handle some of the more complex systems we need to overwrite certain parameters in FSX. This causes the standard select engine and select doors commands to be less reliable. We added a small panel that can be called up with [SHIFT] + [4] that makes these functions easy to access.

The Bronco does not have a standard spoiler system so we took advantage of this to include an invisible spoiler that makes ground maneuvering and STALL landings far more realistic. If you notice that you are not able to reach sufﬁcient speed in ﬂight (at least 200 knots without any problem) check if there is you have the spoiler assignment handled by FSUIPC or have it linked to a hardware button. In the air the code will set the spoilers to retracted a few times every second.

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Flying the Bronco

You will ﬁnd that the Bronco is an amazingly easy aircraft to ﬂy; it has almost no nasty features you should be aware of. There are however a few things that are special. For starters the very wide speed range, it has been clocked at 400 knots (okay that is over the 350 knots red limit and in a dive) and with full ﬂaps it will land at 44 knots (!) without problems. It will basically feel very happy at any speed between 100 and 300 knots. If you consider the role of the aircraft it makes sense. It needs to get somewhere fast and then loiter for as long as possible. That loitering was often done at low altitudes and between the trees and hills where the aircraft seems to be happy. As long as you keep in mind the engines need a bit of time to spool up (and the aircraft is not loaded up with weapons) you will have ample power to get out of tricky situation.

The German OV10 Bronco we used as our base model ﬂies at many airshows and it used to ﬂy this demo in 2010:

1. Take off360° climb

2. High speed pass followed by a 45° steep climb

3. Slow speed pass with landing gear down

4. Top side pass

5. Horizontal 360° turn

6. Bottom pass

7. Wing waggle

8. Stoll Landing

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Don’t be afraid to pull some G in the Bronco, it loves tight turns. It also loves steep dives. As one Bronco driver told us:

“…very much a pilot’s aircraft. Named after a type of horse and that makes a lot of sense. You sit in it like you sit on a horse, in a very high seating position with great visibility all around and it seems to understand what you want to do. A good Bronco driver can put her anywhere he likes in any attitude. It’s a shame they are getting old now and the pilots have now got more sense than we did. We pulled stuff you will never see at airshows now and most of my friends landed after all that. If you lose an engine though, better be prepared to bail out because things get out of hand real fast.“

Tony de Bruyn, who has to be one of the current Bronco pilots with the most experience, sent us this when we asked about what it is like to ﬂy this aircraft:

“Flying the Bronco is like feeling to be on top of the world, such is the fantastic view all around, the responsiveness on the controls, the speed range and its versatility. There seem to be no limits in where you want the aircraft to take you and it does it in such a way that you are continuously wondering whether the airplane is reading your mind rather than you making control inputs. It ﬂies with such magniﬁcent ease that one soon feels very privileged in handling the thoroughbred and bring the very best out. Some additional personal comments/ thoughts. The people at NAA were probably at the pinnacle of airplane development at the time when the Bronco was conceived in the mid 1960’s:

• The engineering is out right brilliant - no doubt building on a long and highly successful legacy (just to name a few: AT6 Texan, P51 Mustang, B25 Mitchell, F86 Sabre, X15, etc...)

• The ﬂying characteristics are just magniﬁcent; unbelievably well harmonized and light controls throughout the full speed range from 70 to 350 KIAS (note: KIAS), very direct and snappy response to control inputs make it very well liked by everyone who ever got their hands on it.

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• Operationally the Bronco is incredibly versatile feeling at home in and out of any environment - jungle to dessert, unprepared dirt strips, carrier deck, you name it, it has been there...

• Maintainability; it was designed to be maintained out in the ﬁeld with just a standard tool set at hand, no special tools are required.

• Even when it came to giving the airplane a name, they absolutely got it right: bronco: A wild or half-tamed horse, esp. of the western U.S. From Spanish, literally ‘rough, rude.’ The Bronco is not too large, just as the wild horses out on the prairies. It’s got a little way of it’s own, but in a good natured way; you will need to keep it in control - tame it - all the time but this is easily done.

• It’s got a purposeful rough appearance, some say it’s beautiful others think differently. It deﬁnitely has got CHARACTER and it shows!

A very likable airplane altogether and I have never come across anyone who has expressed any dislike or displeasure about the OV10 Bronco, which is probably also unique and a good indication of its quality.”

If you want to get an idea how the Bronco should be ﬂown, check out this video: http://player.vimeo.com/video/28244509. It shows the Bronco in its element, ﬂying low and fast, twisting and turning.

What ever you do, don’t be hung up on charts and speeds. The Bronco will tell you when it is about to stall (keep an eye on the airspeed indicator, before the stall happens the buffeting airstream will make it jitter) and when it wants to ﬂy. One mistake however that is easy to make is to lose too much speed at landing, although you can ﬂy at very low speeds it is strongly advised to stay over 100 knots. See the landing chart that is added at appendix A. Also listen to the aircraft, you hear the airframe groan when you put G-load on it, the wind noise will give you good indications on the speed.

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The Garrett Turboprop Engine

The turboprop model in FSX is poorly modeled, the same is true for torque and EGT readouts from FSX. Air-starting the engines by wind milling is not featured by FSX, but through coding around the FSX “engine”, we managed to correct all these deﬁciencies.

The turboprop available in FSX is based on the Pratt and Whitney PT6 type of engines. The PT6 is a free turbine engine. This means that the core engine - the gas producer is a self-sustained gas turbine. The propeller is driven through a gearbox connected to a separate turbine placed after the gas producer. This means that the gas producer is allowed to start and spool up independently of the propeller and it´s turbine. Since propeller blade pitch angle is controlled via a hydraulic governor, which uses engine oil pressure, the propeller will move into feathered position when engine oil pressure is lost or if the condition lever is moved fully back into the SHUTDOWN and FEATHER position. A feathered propeller needs a huge amount of torque to overcome the drag when spinning. Since a free turbine turboprop allows the gas producer to spool up without turning the prop, sufﬁcient engine oil pressure will build up to un-feather the propeller.

The turboprop engines used on the Rockwell OV-10A Bronco are the Garret T-76 types of engines. They are known as single shaft geared turboprop, in which there is no separate turbine for the propeller. This means that the propeller is directly linked to the gas producer via the gearbox. With a feathered propeller, the engine starter will have to both turn the gas producer as well as the propeller up to speed during start up. As explained, a feathered propeller needs a lot of torque to overcome the drag induced when the propeller starts spinning. This is not desirable. To prevent this, a mechanism called Start latches are built into the propeller. The start latches locks the propeller blades in their beta range so with ﬂat pitch position (between full ﬁne and reverse). In that position the propeller blades produce very little drag, but also no forward thrust - or at least very little.

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To engage the start latches, the pilot needs to pull the throttles into the reverse range right after shutdown of the engines but before Ng RPM drops below approximately 50%. This will keep the propeller blades in the beta range enabling the start latches to “snap in” and lock the blades. To disengage the start latches, the pilot only need to move the throttle into reverse range after engine startup has occurred and Ng RPM is above approximately 60%. Throttling up with start latches engaged will be noticed because of the lack of forward thrust and little torque readout on the gauges.

In the case where the pilot fails to move the throttles into reverse range, the propeller will feather, just like on the free turbine types of engine. In such cases the propellers will need to be un-feathered. This is done via the Airstart switches. The airstart switches have 3 positions CRANK, AUTO, ON. AUTO is the normal position and will automatically control fuel and ignition in accordance to the engine RPM sensing switches. CRANK will turn on a pump called the un-feather pump. This pump supplies oil pressure to the propeller governor forcing the propeller blades towards full ﬁne and beta range - no fuel or ignition is introduced. Crank is somewhat misleading - it won´t crank the engine by the Starter, but merely points to the fact that in air, the un-feathering of the propeller will cause these to start wind-milling. ON means that the un-feather pump as well as fuel and ignition is introduced for an air-start. After un-feathering / air-start the Airstart switch must be returned to AUTO. Note the Bronco has two additional ignition switches for continuous ignition.

The description might sound complex, but is actually very straight forward. For starting the engines on the Bronco follow this procedure:

• Power levers: GROUND IDLE

• Condition levers: SHUT OFF (NOT SHUT OFF & FEATHER)

• Primary DC bus: POWERED (BATT DISC & BATT MAIN

SWITCHES ON OR GRND PWR ON)

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If propellers not feathered:

• Start switch: ON

• At 10% Ng RPM : CONDITION LEVER NORMAL FLIGHT

If propellers feathered:

• Power levers: MOVE INTO REVERSE RANGE

• Airstart switch: CRANK

• Prop at ﬂat pitch set

Airstart switch: AUTO

• Power Levers: GROUND IDLE

• Start switch: ON

• At 10% Ng RPM: CONDITION LEVER

NORMAL FLIGHT

Failures

The engines in the Aerosoft OV-10 Bronco will fail if they are not treated with respect. They are very well maintained but they are a few decades old, so be nice to them. All failures can be switched off in the checklist conﬁgurator.

• Engine ﬂameouts might occur when ﬂying in icing conditions

without having switched on the continuous ignition switches.

• Starter motors will fail if run too long with feathered propellers

due to over torque.

• Continuous torque should be limited to 1875 foot/lb and only

exceeded for short amounts of time. When this limit is exceeded the chance of a failure increases dramatically. Keep in mind the overtorque warning light will only be lit at 2200 foot/ lb so do not wait for them to light up.

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• Another source for engine failure is overheating. To monitor engine temperatures there is a EGT gauge for each engine. During startup they show EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), but when Ng (RPM) passes 50% they shift to read TIT (Turbine Inlet Temperature). EGT is measured with a probe in the exhaust gas, while TIT is calculated from EGT, since no probe would last very long at the TIT temperature. The TIT is further altered by the SRL computer (Single Red-Line) also called the “Pilot Lier”, since the temperature shown is different from the real TIT. Under ISA conditions the T76 engines are limited by torque until approximately 17.000 feet where Max Allowable EGT normally is reached). With higher OAT this altitude becomes lower. To be honest, the Bronco is not happy when ﬂown that high, it’s an aircraft designed to be ﬂown low. Max Allowable EGT is not a ﬁxed value, but is a function of Ng (RPM), OAT, Altitude and Airspeed. Using EGT to determine if you are running the right temperatures is complex and involves many tables and charts. That’s where TIT with the SRL correction comes is, Max allowable TIT, compensated by the SRL, is always approximately 1000 °C , so the pilot only needs to verify that the needles don´t get higher than that. The TIT Warn lights are also set to light at 996 °C. Some Broncos (the German OV-10B’s for example) were later changed to always display EGT, but still have the TIT warn lights that will light when the temperatures are too high. Keep an eye on these lights. They are important.

Accumulative Engine Wear

If this option is enabled the engines will start to wear. They will degrade over time by this schedule:

• 0-80 hours = Excellent

• 80-120 hours = Good

• 120-140 hours = Ok

• 140-160 hours = Poor

• 160 -> hours = INOP (not functional)

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This schedule only holds true if the engines are operated within their limits. This means that the engines won´t be over torqued or overheated! If they are being run outside their limits the degradation happens faster as a function of how much and how long they have been run above their limits. With increased degradation the engines will start to run hotter over time until INOP state is reached, then they will stop running and cannot be started.

The real Bronco has a time between overhaul at 1600 hours (Some even extended to 3400 hours). Since no ﬂightsimmer ever well reach that ﬁgure this time has been reduced to 1/10 of this i.e 160 hours. This is still a lot of ﬂight simming time, and since degradation happens exponentially you won´t see any change before reaching 80 hours.

For those who want to speed up degradation further the option has been added to decrease this time even further by selecting 2x or 4x this rate. This option is disabled by default. To enable – click to cycle between disabled, 1x, 2x & 4x.

On the above ﬁgure the selection box labelled “Accu. Wear” can be seen. It is disabled. Engine health state can be seen to the right together with their operating time Hours:Minutes. Clicking on the small “Wrench” symbol for each engine will overhaul it and reset the timer. The Wrench symbol will also repair the engine(s) if they have failed and reset the ﬁre extinguishing system for the affected engine.

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When the “No failures” checkbox is checked the engines will not stop running and can still be started, but the EGT gauge will still show the increased operating temperature due to degradation. When clicking the “Accu. Wear” checkbox the following symbols will appear instead of a checkmark:

Symbol for normal wear (0-160 hours)

Symbol for 2x wear (0-80 hours)

Symbol for 4x wear (0-40 hours)

When you use the engines correctly you should be able to reach the 160 (or 80 or 40) hours without much problems. Your mechanics will love you.

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Electrical System

One of the most important systems of an aircraft is the electrical system as most parts of an aircraft rely on electrical supply, such as fuel pumps, hydraulic pump, engine controllers, various instruments and radios as well as lighting. The electrical system has faithfully been simulated in the Aerosoft OV-10 Bronco. The default FSX electrical system has been scrapped and replaced by our custom coded system. Everything that depends on electricity, down to the smallest light bulb, will add a load to the system.

The main type of electrical power supply on the Bronco is 24VDC. This is supplied from the two batteries, the two generators or ground power. The generators also act as engine starter motors. To manage the power distribution, the electrical system is divided into several busses (busbars). This is also done to preserve electrical power in the event of generator failures. For example the secondary bus, supplying non-essential systems as lights and radios will be turned off if both generators fail. The generators, which also act as starter motors, and can fail if not used right.

Some equipment requires 115VAC. This is made available by converting 24VDC into 115VAC through the inverters. The Bronco has two inverters, one primary and a backup inverter. Both are powered under normal conditions though.

Battery Busses

Primary DC bus 24 VDC:

• Startignitionadvisorylight

• Enginerewarnsys

• Fuelboostpumps

• Hydraulicpump

• Gear/Flapindicator

• Alternateaps

• Unfeatherpumps

• Pitotheat

• Windshieldwiper

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• Smokegenerator

• Trimmotors

• Trimindicator

• Warnandcautionlights

• TurnandSlipindicator

Start Control DC bus 24 VDC:

• Engine1Utilities

• Engine2Utilities

• Engine1Starter

• Engine2Starter

• Engine1ignition

• Engine2ignition

• Fuelshutoffvalves

Secondary DC bus 24 VDC:

• Landinglights

• Taxilights

• Formationlights

• Positionlights

• Anti-collisionlights

• Panellights

• Communicationradio

• Navradio

• ADFradio

• Transponder

Monitored DC bus 24 VDC:

• Yawdamper

Primary AC bus 115 VAC:

• Attitudeindicator

• StandbyAttitudeindicator

• Fuelquantityindicator

• Engine1EGTindicator

• Engine2EGTindicator

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Monitored AC 1 bus 115 VAC:

• TACAN

• Strikecamera

Monitored AC 2 bus 115 VAC:

• TACAN(Altpwr)

Instrument AC bus 26 VAC:

• VOR/ILSindicator

• DirectionalGyro/VOR/ADFind.

• Markerbeacon

• Engine1torqueindicator

• Engine2torqueindicator

• Oilpressureindicator

Engineer Station Gauge

During the development of the Bronco it was hard to understand exactly how the system interacted so the systems coder Finn decided to make a simple schematic instrument that shows how it works. We have gotten so used to it we decided to keep it in the released code. We even decided not to make it look reﬁned so you get an idea of how we code these complex systems. You can open it with [SHIFT]-[3] and when you move your mouse over the switches and busses you will see where you can click. Most switches can be operated (sometimes with left and right mouse buttons) and when you click on a bus (vertical thick red line) you will see what’s connected to it. When a bus or supply “string” is unpowered it is blue, while being red when powered. Actual voltage and ampere load can be read for each bus as well as batteries and generators.The best way to see it in action is to open it, select Cold & Dark and then select ready to taxi. The aircraft will go through the whole startup sequence and you see the generators and busses come online. When all is running, start disconnecting things and see how the systems are affected. The real Bronco drivers would have loved something like this!

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In the upper right corner various engine related items can be checked for their state. There are also checkboxes for setting aircraft state and user preferences like found in the Interactive Checklist gauge. When clicking on the various bus bars a list with the equipment that it supplies will be shown as long as the mouse button is pressed.

Bronco X

Fuel System

The fuel system consists of two inboard, two outboard tanks and one center tank plus an optional external fuel tank. Fuel from the outboard tanks ﬂows to the inner tanks and then both inner tanks feed the center tank all by gravity. From the center tank is pumped by the engine driven boost to the low/high pressure fuel pumps. These supply the fuel control units that feed the engines. Fuel from the optional external tank is pumped with an electrical transfer pump to the centre tank. The external fuel transfer switch operates the transfer pump at about 845 pound an hour. When all internal tanks are full and the transfer pump is used the fuel is dumped via the wing tank vents. Normally the transfer pump is started when the wing tanks are partially emptied and then used for half an hour. Do not forget to switch it off, there is no indication about the quantity of fuel in the external tank!

CAUTION: As part of the system uses gravity it has only limited inverted capacity.

The fuel quantity indicator indicates the weight of the fuel in pounds x 100 in part of the fuel tanks depending on the setting of the fuel gauge select switch. In the FEED position it shows the weight of the fuel in the centre feed tank. At INT setting the weight of the fuel in the internal wing tanks is shown Note the 230 gallon external tank does NOT have any indication so the EXT setting will show zero., the EXT setting on the fuel gauge does not function with this tank. The fuel gauge test button will rotate the needle fully clockwise and counter clockwise to indicate full freedom of movement.

TANK CAPACITY USABLE

GALLONS POUNDS GALLONS POUNDS

WING OUTBOARD 75.3 489 72.4 471

WING INBOARD 134.5 874 130.6 849

CENTER / FEED 37.1 241 36.0 234

EXTERNAL 230 1494 220 1427

TOTAL 476.9 3098 459 2981

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The FUEL EMERGENCY SHUT-OFF switches cut the fuel ﬂow (and the ﬁre T-handles) cut all fuel ﬂow to an engine. The engine might operate for up to a minute on the fuel remaining in the feed lines.

The FUEL LOW caution light illuminates when the centre tank holds less than 220 pounds. The FUEL FEED warning light will illuminate when there is less the 50 pound left in the centre tank.

Hydraulic Power System

Hydraulic power is used to power the landing gear, nose wheel steering and the ﬂaps. It is supplied on demand by the electrical hydraulic pump. The pump does not provide enough pressure to operate ﬂaps and gear at the same time at normal rate.

CAUTION: The hydraulic pump needs a 3 minute cool down period after extensive use (5 minutes of nosewheel steering or three consecutive gear or ﬂap cycles.

A green hydraulic indicator light on the center pedestal will be lit when the hydraulic pump is activated. An amber warning light illuminates when pressure is too low for normal operation.

Oil System

Each engine has its own independent dry sump oil system. The oil system will provide engine lubrication, provide pressure for the propeller control system and will serve as an additional cooling system using a ram-air cooler. When the gear is extended the oil cooler doors are mechanically opened to provide greater cooling capacity during ground operations.

Bronco X

Power Levers/ Condition Levers

The power levers control the thrust output of the engines and are marked into 4 sections:

• FULL REVERSE: provide maximum reverse thrust. Selection of

reversed thrust in ﬂight is prevented by a switch linked to the gear. Only when the gear is compressed can reverse be selected.

• GROUND START: give minimal torque at idle RPM because the

propeller will be set ﬂat pitch position.

• FLIGHT IDLE: sets the engine and propeller to inﬂight minimum

fuel ﬂow and torque.

• MILITARY: provides maximum torque.

The condition levers control the fuel ﬂow to the engines and are marked in 4 sections:

• FEATHER AND FUEL SHUT-OFF (normally referred to as FEATH-

ER): will feather the propellers and cut the fuel to the engine.

• FUEL SHUT-OFF: fuel is shut off but the propeller control

systems stay pressurized and propellers will NOT feather.

• NORMAL FLIGHT: open fuel ﬂow to the engines and sets

minimal engine RPM (on ground 60%, inﬂight 70%).

• T.O./LAND: open fuel ﬂow to the engine and sets minimal

engine RPM (on ground 94%, inﬂight 96%). These higher settings allow the rapid response to commands given via the power levers.

CAUTION: if the condition lever is set to Normal Flight with the engine not running fuel WILL be injected into the combustion chambers. This can result in an engine ﬁre when the engine is hot!

Propeller control is automated and controlled as a function of the power levers and condition levers.

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Landing Gear

The tricycle-type landing gear of the OV-10 Bronco is hydraulically operated with the main gear retracting backwards and the nose gear forward. When on the ground the Ground Safety Switch will deactivate the pitot heater, stall warning, and store emergency release systems. IFF hold feature, nose wheel steering will be activated.

The landing gear unsafe light will be illuminated if the gear is not locked in the position of the gear handle. The landing gear position indicator (integrated with the ﬂaps position indicator) shows the position of the gear. A red wheels warning light will warn the pilot of a possible unsafe gear position when the gear is not extended and the power levers are retarded, engine condition lever is at T.O./LAND and the ﬂaps are extended 30 degrees or more. An audible warning horn will sound when the wheels warning light is illuminated.

CAUTION: There is NO protection against retraction of the gear using a ground safety switch. The gear WILL retract when the gear lever is operated on the ground and the aircraft is powered up.

Nosewheel Steering

The nosewheel can move 55 degrees left or right using a hydraulic nose wheel steer-damping system. As soon as the landing gear carries any weight the nose wheel steering is operational. In the real Bronco the pilot has to keep a button on the stick pressed, this is not needed in the simulated version.

Wheelbrakes/ Parking Brakes

The wheel brakes are operated by a separate manually operated hydraulic system on each wheel. Using the rudder pedals the pilot can apply the brakes on each wheel separately. When the park brake handle is pulled and when the brakes are applied the pressure is trapped in the system. To release parking brakes the pilot just needs to apply the brakes

Bronco X

Flight Control Systems

The elevator and aileron/spoiler are operated by a balanced mechanical system using boost tabs. The rudders are mechanically linked directly to the rudder pedals. Trim surfaces are moved by electrically operated trim bungees.

• Pitch is controlled with a horizontal stabilizer and tab-boosted elevator.

• Yaw is controlled by two vertical stabilizers, twin rudders and a yaw damping system. The yaw damper, powered by the d-c bus, prevents unwanted tail oscillations and is operated with a three position switch. ON, OFF, TEST. In test mode the deactivation of the systems on the ground is bypassed for ground tests.

• Roll control uses ailerons and is augmented by 4 spoiler plates inn each wing. These spoilers rotate upwards and create additional drag and remove lift that will lower the wing.

The control stick includes a roll/pitch trim switch, the nose wheel steering button, bomb release button and gun trigger. None of these are functional in the simulated model as they are near impossible to use in the simulator.

Trims

The ﬂaps / trim panel hold the controls for aileron, elevator and rudder trim. When trims are in neutral green, press -to-test, lights will be illuminated.

Wing Flaps

There are two slotted wing ﬂap sections on each wing, normally operated by hydraulic power, and an electrical backup system is available. The ﬂaps are controlled by the ﬂap handle and can be set to any position between 0 degrees and 40 degrees. This is not possible in FSX and therefore we decided to default to 0, 20 and 40 degrees. The ﬂaps position Indicator will show the ﬂaps setting and movement.

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Aerosoft GPS Unit

The GPS instrument has its own internal battery so it can be used when the Master switch is still off. It’s charged by the Primary DC electrical bus when the Battery master switch is on. To turn the GPS on, press the button with the red logo and the start-up screen will be displayed.

CAUTION: The framerate of the sim is affected by the amount of details shown!

Map Mode

After initialization the GPS will be in Map Mode showing an aircraft symbol in the centre of a map. North is always up. In the four corners of the display, current ground speed, distance to next waypoint, estimated time to next waypoint and a pointer depicting relative bearing to the next waypoint are shown. If the pointer points up, the aircraft is heading straight towards the next waypoint.

Bronco X

Use the IN / OUT buttons to zoom the map in or out. The GPS can show Airports, VOR’s, NDB’s, Intersections and Airspace boundaries. To toggle the display of these items press the MENU button and use the UP / DOWN cursor key (the large button) to highlight the Class (Airport, VORs, NDBs, Intersection or Airspace). Use the LEFT / RIGHT cursor key to toggle the display of these items. Use the QUIT button to return to the MAP page.

Standard FSX ﬂight plans can be loaded via the normal FSX dialog and will be automatically displayed on the MAP page.

Direct To Mode

Using the GOTO button will allow the input of a DIRECT TO location. Use the UP / DOWN cursor keys to change the character on the blinking ﬁeld. Use the LEFT / RIGHT cursor key to move to the next or previous ﬁeld. Enter an ICAO identiﬁer for airport, VOR or NDB.

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NOTE: Intersections are not supported in the GOTO mode.

Once an identiﬁer is recognized, it will show facility name and nearby city – if possible. Press ENTER and the GPS will return to the Map mode with the ﬂight plan leg from the current aircraft position to the selected identiﬁer. As everywhere using the QUIT button will halt the action and return to the MAP screen.

Cursor Mode

Another option to make a DIRECT-TO ﬂight plan, is with the help of the “Cursor Mode”. When the GPS is in map mode, pressing either the UP / DOWN / LEFT or RIGHT cursor key, will put the GPS into “Cursor mode”. A small cursor (blinking circle) will appear instead of the aircraft symbol. Using the cursor keys the circle can be moved on the map and the map will centre on the cursor position. A line will be drawn from the current aircraft position to the cursor.

Bronco X

Press ENTER to select the cursor position as a Direct-To ﬂight plan. If the ENTER button is not pressed within a few seconds or by pressing QUIT, cursor mode will be suspended and the GPS will return to Map mode. By using the cursor mode any global position can be selected as a waypoint. This is the easiest way to make a very simple ﬂight plan, certainly if the desired waypoint isn´t too far away. In cursor mode ﬁner adjustments can be made by zooming in on the map ﬁrst.

Nearest Station

Using the NRST button will open the NEAREST STATION list and the LEFT / RIGHT cursor keys will change between Airports, VORs, NDBs and Intersections. Use the UP / DOWN cursor keys to highlight an identiﬁer and press ENTER to select it as DIRECT-TO, or press QUIT to cancel the selection.

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HSI Page

Pressing the ENTER key while being in Map mode will bring up the HSI page. The HSI page shows:

• Compass rose, showing ground track, which is the true track over ground, taking crosswinds and sideslip into account. It does NOT show magnetic nor true heading, like a normal gyro based HSI.

• Course Needle, showing the active ﬂight plan leg bearing.

• Course deviation indicator bar (middle part of the Course

needle), showing the cross track error. Each dot represents 1 nautical mile.

• TO/FROM ﬂag showing the position relative from the active ﬂight plan leg.

Right part of the screen shows Ground speed, Distance to next waypoint, Ground track (same as Compass rose) and next waypoint bearing.

Bronco X

If the Ground track value and the Bearing value are equal, this indicates that the aircraft is heading straight towards the next waypoint, but not necessarily following the ﬂight plan leg.

HSI Samples:

On track direct towards the active waypoint, TO / FROM ﬂag shows TO:

Correct heading but 3 miles to the left of the ﬂight plan leg:

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Still 3 miles left of the ﬂight plan leg, but on an intercept heading of 40°:

Flight plan leg behind the aircraft, note the TO/FROM ﬂag has changed to FROM:

Bronco X

Becker BXP 6401 Transponder

The Becker BXP 6401 transponder is a Mode S transponder which enables ATC to locate, identify and track the aircraft by responding to ATC radar interrogations. In Mode S it will conduct altitude reporting, used by other aircrafts TCAS systems for collision warnings. Remember to turn the Transponder to STDBY after landing when leaving the runway.

The transponder is turned on by rotating the left knob to STDBY. In STDBY mode the transponder will be on, but it will not respond to ATC interrogations. STDBY is normally used until the aircraft is ready for runway line-up. There is a short self-test on start up. Turning the knob to ON will make the transponder start to respond, but without altitude reporting. The blinking R symbol, indicating that the unit responds. When the knob is at either STDBY or ON the bottom line will show the aircraft identiﬁcation number.

Turning the knob to ALT will make the transponder respond with altitude reporting when inquired. Current ﬂight level will be displayed. Flight level is altitude in 100th of feet with the standard setting at 1013 mb. (1013,2 hpa)

To change the transponder code left click on the right button and the ﬁrst digit will start to blink. Use the mouse wheel to change the value. Left click the right button again and the next digit will blink. Left click the right button when the last digit has been set. When all digits have not been set, the transponder code will NOT be changed. Press the VFR button to set the transponder code to the normal European VFR transponder code,

7000.

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These are standard codes, otherwise set to the squawk code assigned by FSX’s ATC:

• 0000: Military intercept code mode C or other SSR failure.

• 0033: Parachute dropping in progress (UK).

• 0041 to 0057: In Belgium assigned for VFR trafﬁc under Flight

Information Services

• 0100: In Australia: ﬂights operating at aerodromes

• 1000: Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) ﬂight below 18,000’ when

no other code has been assigned (Canada). Non-discrete mode A code reserved use in Mode S radar / ADS-B environment where the aircraft identiﬁcation will be used to correlate the ﬂight plan instead of the mode A code.

• 1200: Visual ﬂight rules (VFR) ﬂight, this is the standard squawk code used in North American airspace when no other has been assigned. In Australia civil VFR ﬂights in class E or G airspace.

• 1201: Visual ﬂight rules (VFR) glider ﬂight, this is the standard squawk code used in United States airspace for transponder equipped gliders when no other has been assigned.

• 1400: VFR ﬂight above 12,500’ASL when no other code has been assigned (Canada).

• 2000: The code to be squawked when entering a secondary surveillance radar (SSR) area from a non-SSR area used as Uncontrolled IFR ﬂight squawk code in ICAO countries. In Canada for uncontrolled IFR at or above 18,000. In Australia: civil IFR ﬂights in Class G airspace.

• 2100: Australia: Ground testing by aircraft maintenance staff.

• 3000: Australia: Civil ﬂights in classes A, C and D airspace, or

IFR ﬂights in Class E airspace.

• 4000: Aircraft on a VFR Military Training Route or requiring frequent or rapid changes in altitude (US).

Bronco X

• 4400 to 4477: Reserved for use by SR-71, YF-12, U-2 and

B-57, pressure suit ﬂights, and aircraft operations above FL600 (USA only).

• 5000: Aircraft in Military Operations.

• 6000: Australia: Military ﬂights in Class G airspace.

• 7000: VFR standard squawk code when no other code has

been assigned (ICAO). UK: this code does not imply VFR; 7000 is used as a general squawk.

• 7001: Sudden military climb out from low-level operations (UK)

• 7004: Aerobatic and display code in some countries.

• 7010: VFR circuit trafﬁc code in the UK.

• 707X: Paradrop activities in France (7070, 7071, 7072...).

• 7615: Australia: civil ﬂights engaged in littoral surveillance.

• 7777: Military interception Emergency codes:

• 7500: Unlawful Interference i.e., Aircraft hijacking (“seven ﬁfe,

man with knife”)

• 7600: Lost Communications.

• 7700: General Emergency (“seven, seven, goes to heaven”)

Tacan Receiver

TACAN is a VOR like navigation system that uses transmitters that are mainly placed on or close to military airﬁelds. Where you tune a VOR using a frequency, a TACAN is identiﬁed by a channel.

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The navigation database of FSX is not fully accurate or complete in regards to TACAN, for some countries all stations seem to be there, in some other countries there are none. You will ﬁnd them on your charts marked with something like CH41X.

Setting the channel is done with the rotary control on the front and the larger rotary control hiding behind the front plate. Just move your mouse to the edge of the instrument and you will ﬁnd the click zone. The smaller rotary control is used to power the radio on. In any setting except OFF the radio is activated. The volume control toggles the audio ident.

Becker AR 4201 Communication Radio

The Becker AR 4201 Coms radio is a basic two way radio for voice communication. It is turned on with the ON/OFF/ VOL knob and will display a test pattern when started. The upper (large) digits show the active frequency, while the lower (smaller) show the standby frequency. Turning the lower right knob will change the frequency number before the decimal sign, while turning the right upper knob changes the numbers after the decimal sign. To swap the standby frequency with the active, press the swap button (double arrow button). Pressing the mode button (MDE) will display the supply voltage instead of the standby frequency. In this mode the swap button will toggle the display of Supply voltage, Outside temperature in °C and Outside temperature in °F.

Coms radio is seen as COMS 2 in FSX.

The Becker AR 4201

Bronco X

Interactive Checklist Gauge

The Aerosoft Bronco X comes equipped with a highly innovative interactive checklist gauge. The checklist can be opened with [SHIFT] + [2].

When opened the left page has options for conﬁguring the Bronco systems and to select prefabricated settings of all aircraft systems. The upper three “radio” buttons are for setting up the panel state.

• Cold & Dark Normal state: engines are shut down the panels

reﬂects how a pilot normally will ﬁnd it for the ﬁrst ﬂight of the day.

• Cold & Dark Maintenance State: engines are shut down,

propellers are feathered and generators, fuel shut off valves and battery disconnect switches are off.

• Ready for Taxi state: engines are running and all systems are

ready for taxi

The lower three check boxes are for setting your preferences.

• EGT gauges showing EGT only: will make the EGT gauge

display EGT and not shift to TiT. Please refer to the chapters on the engine to understand the difference.

• Play sounds for checklist items: will disable the voice over in the

checklist.

• No failures: will disable all failures that are not standard FSX

failures.

The next pages contain the actual checklists.

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Click the checklist header (like “COCKPIT CHECK”) and a red checkmark will indicate that the checklist has been started, but not ﬁnished correctly yet. Now click each checklist item and a checkmark will indicate whether it is set correctly or not. If it has been set correctly a green checkmark will be shown and a voice will also conﬁrm the item is checked (or the action performed) and the item is completed. If the checkmark is red you have two options. Either you can manually correct the issue or right click the checklist item to have it done for you. This is especially useful if you have not yet fully mastered the aircraft and ﬁnd it hard to ﬁnd all the switches.

The moment the checklist has been completed the checkmark at the top will turn green and the voice will tell you the checklist is completed. If you like to start over, use the CLEAR CHECKLIST option.

Bronco X

It is possible to go from a cold and dark aircraft to a fully conﬁgured, ready for taxi with engines running state by just right clicking on the checklist items!

A few additional comments;

• Because some systems are mentioned more than one time in

the checklist it could be a system that is set to ON in one location and has to be switched OFF further in the checklist. The ﬁrst occurrence of those conﬂicting states will then be shown in grey instead of green or red.

• The checkmark might blink between red and green when a

control is in the progress of being set

• Where right click options are not possible (like throttle control,

setting of certain speeds etc) the checkmark turns green when correct settings are detected.

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• Where there are Left engine / Right engine controls, You will see a selector at the top of the Checklist section labeled L / R.

CAUTION: The “Unfeathering Propellers” and “Engine Motoring” should only be executed when required.

The last part of the checklist contains the emergency checklist. This works exactly like the normal checklist, but don´t have voice overs.

Bronco X

Panels

The cockpit of the OV-10 Bronco is rather strange. It’s rather cramped in the lower sections with all gauges and controls seemingly randomly placed very close together and above that all is a very roomy glass section with near perfect visibility. In its role as reconnoiter and spotter aircraft this visibility was very usable, but it also means that you will have to look down to see the panel and instruments. As the aircraft is intended for VFR ﬂights this is not problematic. In FSX it is a bit of a problem for people who do not use a tracking system that pans the view around as you move your head. When needed zoom out a bit [-] and lower the seat [CONTR] + [ENTER].

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Main Panel

1. Left battery Hot warning light

2. Left over torque warning light

3. Left TiT/EGT high warning light

4. Gyro VOR needle / ILS source selector switch VOR / TACAN

5. Left & Right Continuous ignition switches

6. Standby artiﬁcial horizon

7. G-meter

8. Clock / stopwatch

9. Wheel up warning light

10. Alternate TACAN power switch

11. Fire detector / warning lights test switch

12. ADF radio

13. Landing gear lever

14. Landing gear and ﬂaps indicator

15. Elevator trim indicator

Bronco X

16. Rudder trim neutral light

17. Aileron trim neutral light

18. Airspeed indicator

19. Altimeter

20. Artiﬁcial horizon

21. Gyro compass with VOR/TACAN & ADF needle

22. TACAN radio

Right Side Main Panel

1. Right TiT/EGT high warning light

2. Right over torque warning light

3. Right battery hot warning light

4. Fire extinguisher

5. Fire handles

6. Turn & Bank indicator

7. Vertical speed indicator

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8. ILS gauge

9. Engine torque indicators

10. Turbine RPM (Ng)

11. TiT/EGT indicators

12. Oil pressure indicator

13. Fuel quantity indicator

14. Fuel qty indicator selector switch

15. External fuel transfer switch

16. Emergency fuel shut off switches

Left Rear Side Panel

1. COM radios transmit select (VHF1 / VHF2)

2. ADF ident sound to speaker

3. COM1 (VHF1) sound to speaker

Bronco X

4. COM2 (VHF2) sound to speaker

5. VOR ident (NAV1) sound to speaker

6. External light / Landing light switch

7. Flaps lever

8. Aileron trim / Alternate elevator trim switch

9. Alternate trim select

10. Alternate rudder trim switch

11. Normal rudder trim switch

12. Alternate ﬂaps setting switch

13. Yaw damper

14. Voltmeter / Generator 1 or 2 ampere meter

15. Outside air temperature indicator

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Left Forward Side Panel

1. Ignition and unfeather switches

2. Starter switches

3. Generator switches

4. Instrument power switch (Inverters)

5. Battery switch

6. Parking brake lever

Bronco X

Throttle Quadrat

1. Power levers

2. Condition levers

3. Friction lock for power and condition levers (move forward to lock)

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Overhead Panel

1. Whiskey compass

2. Smoke generator switch

3. Camera power switch

4. Camera power on light

5. End of ﬁlm warning light

6. Film select switch

7. Gun sight dimmer

Bronco X

Right Forward Side Panel

1. Pitot heat switch

2. Cockpit defroster

3. Cockpit temperature adjustment

4. Ram air adjustment

5. Windscreen wiper power switch

6. Windscreen wiper speed switch

7. Anti collision lights

8. Formation lights

9. Wing and tail lights (position lights)

10. IFF/Transponder reply light

11. IFF/Transponder test light

12. IFF/Transponder mode selector

13. IFF/Transponder code and selectors

14. Batteries disconnect switches

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Right Rear Side Panel

1. Gyro compass drift index

2. Gyrocompass source

3. Gyro compass alignment knob

4. Marker beacon ident sound switch

5. Marker beacon Hi/Lo selector switch

6. Marker beacon power/test switch

7. COM1 radio frequency

8. COM1 radio power switch (Lower knob)

9. COM1 radio whole Mhz selector (Upper knob)

10. COM1 radio fractional Mhz selector

11. NAV1radio frequency

Bronco X

12. NAV1 radio power switch (Lower knob)

13. NAV1 radio whole Mhz selector

14. NAV1 radio ident switch

15. NAV1 radio fractional Mhz selector

16. “Becker” COM2 radio

17. “Becker” Transponder 2

18. Panel lights

Right Sidewall Switches

1. Bleed-air switches

2. Generator 1 & 2 ampere meter selector switch

3. Canopy open

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Checklist

The following checklists are taken directly from the real aircraft as ﬂown right now. Please note that the checklist gauge build into the aircraft is much easier and much more powerful than this simple list.

In the checklist the sections that have no function in FSX are shown as light grey. Just skip those.

Normal Checklist

SAFETY CHECK

1. FORM 781

2. CANOPY

3. THRUSTER SAFETY PIN

4. EJECTION “D” RING SAFETY PIN

5. SPEED SENSOR CONNECTIONS

6. EJECTION SEAT QUICK-DISCON

7. PARACHUTE DEPL STATIC LINE

8. CATAPULT-ROCKET RET BOLT

9. DEPLOYMENT STATIC LINE

10. SEAT-MAN SEPARATOR LINK

11. OXYGEN QUANTITY

12. MASTER ARM

13. GEAR HANDLE

CHECK

OPEN

INSTALLED

SECURE

SECURE IN LINE CUTTER

SECURE IN PLACE

CHECK MINIMUM

OFF

DOWN

Bronco X

EXTERIOR INSPECTION

1. FRONT COCKPIT CANOPY

2. REAR COCKPIT

3. UPPER WING

4. RIGHT PROPELLER

5. RIGHT ENGINE

6. RIGHT WING

7. RIGHT MAIN GEAR

8. RIGHT SPONSON

9. EXTERNAL PWR RECEPTACLE DOOR

10. CARGO BAY

11. TAIL BOOM, TAIL SURFACES

12. LEFT SPONSON

13. ARMT SAFETY DISABLE

14. LEFT MAIN GEAR

15. LEFT WING

16. LEFT ENGINE

17. LEFT PROPELLER

18. ANGLE-OF-ATTACK PROBE

19. NOSE OF AIRCRAFT

20. NOSE GEAR

CHECKED

SECURE (SOLO)

CHECKED

SECURE (IF NOT USED)

CHECKED

NORM

CHECKED

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COCKPIT CHECK

1. GUST LOCK

2. THRUSTER SAFETY PIN

3. SURVIVAL KIT

4. RISER ATTACH FITTINGS

5. LAP BELT

6. PERSONAL LEADS

7. HF COMM

8. COMPASS

9. VHF/FM COMM-

10. FLAPS

11. EXT LIGHTS MASTER

12. POWER LEVERS

13. CONDITION LEVERS

14. BATTERY

15. GENERATORS

16. INST PWR

17. AIR START

18. GEAR HANDLE

19. UHF COMM

20. ARM MASTER

21. CLOCK

22. SIGHT FIL SEL

23. SIGHT RETICLE BRIGHTNESS KNOB

24. ALTERNATE TACAN POWER

25. TACAN-

26. FIRE PULL HANDLES

27. EXT FUEL TRANS

REMOVED

ATTACHED

SECURED

CONNECTED

OFF

SLAVED

OFF

EXT LIGHTS

FLIGHT IDLE

FUEL SHUT-OFF

OFF

AUTO.

DOWN

OFF

NORM²

SET

NO 1.

OFF²

NO. 1 MSL

OFF

Bronco X

28. FUEL EMERG SHUT OFF

29. PITOT HEAT-

30. WINDSHIELD WIPER

31. WING & TAIL LIGHTS

32. FORM LIGHTS

33. OXYGEN SYSTEM

34. EMERG IFF

35. IFF

36. ADF

37. ICS

38. BLEED AIR

39. VHF COMM

40. INTERIOR LIGHTS

41. CIRCUIT BREAKERS

NORM

OFF

BRT

AS REQUIRED

CHECKED

NORMAL

OFF

SET

AS REQUIRED

OFF

AS REQUIRED

CHECKED

1)Aircraft having TCTO 1L-1OA-510 incorporated

2) Aircraft 66-13552 through 67-14650 not having TCTO 1L-1OA-503

3) Aircraft 67-14651 and subs and aircraft having TCTO 1L-1OA-503

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BEFORE STARTING ENGINES

1. BATTERY-

2. ICS

3. SEAT ADJ

4. RUDDER PEDALS

5. FLIGHT CONTROLS

6. FIRE DET

7. EXTERNAL POWER

8. INST PWR

9. FIRE DETECTOR/WARNING LIGHTS

10. RADIO

11. ATTITUDE INDICATOR

12. FUEL QUANTITY INDICATOR

CHECKED

ADJUSTED

CHECKED

IF REQUIRED

INV NO. 1

CHECKED

UNFEATHERING

13. POWER LEVER

14. AIR START

15. POWER LEVER

FULL REVERSE

CRANK

FLIGHT IDLE

Never try to start the engines with propeller blades feathered, the starter motor might get damaged, hung start can happen, and batteries might get overheated due to the excessive torque. Never move condition levers from FUEL SHUTOFF with Ng below 10.0%, a hung or hot start might evolve. Never start both engines simultaneously, always start them one at the time or the batteries might overheat. Use ground power if available.

Bronco X

STARTING ENGINES

1. BRAKES

2. PROPELLER

3. STARTER

4. START IGNITION LIGHT ON

5. CONDITION LEVER

SET

CLEAR

START

CHECK

NORM FLT 10% RPM

IF NO LIGHT-OFF WITHIN 15 SECONDS, ABORT START MONITOR EGT (815°C MAXIMUM) AND RPM AT 50% TO 53% RPM CHECK:

6. OIL PRESSURE INDICATION

7. START IGNITION LIGHT OUT

8. EGT/T. I. T. SHIFT

9. FUEL BOOST LIGHT OUT

10. RPM

11. PROPELLER

CHECK

STABILIZE APPR. 85%

UNLOCK

SMOOTHLY RETARD POWER LEVER TO REVERSE RANGE AND NOTE INCREASE IN TORQUE, THEN RETURN TO GROUND START

12. RPM

13. OIL PRESSURE

STABILIZED APPR. 67%

50 PSI MINIMUM

PRIOR TO START 2ND ENGINE, CHECK VOLT FOR <75 AMPS

14. REPEAT STEPS 2 THROUGH 7 FOR OTHER ENGINE

AFTER BOTH ENGINES ARE STARTED:

15. EXTERNAL POWER

16. GENERATOR CAUTION LIGHTS

DISCONNECT (IF APPL.)

OUT

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Aerosoft GmbH 2012

GROUND SHUTDOWN ABORTED/HUNG START

17. CONDITION LEVER

18. STARTER

FUEL SHUT-OFF

ABORT

BEFORE TAXI

1. INST PWR

2. TRIM-

3. COMPASS-

4. RADIOS AND NAV EQUIPMENT

5. ALTIMETER-

6. IFF-

7. EJEC SEAT “D” RING SAFETY PIN

8. CHOCKS

CHECKED

SET

ON, AS REQUIRED

SET

STBY

REMOVED AND STOWED

REMOVED

TAXI CHECK

1. BRAKES

2. NOSE WHEEL STEERING

3. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

4. YAW DAMPER

5. NAVIGATION AIDS

CHECKED

BEFORE TAKE-OFF

1. TRIM

2. FLAPS

3. NAVIGATION AIDS

4. SHOULDER HARNESS

SET

SET FOR DEPARTURE

AS REQUIRED

Bronco X

5. PITOT HEAT

6. IFF

7. ANTI COLLISION LIGHT

8. FEED TANK

9. FLIGHT CONTROLS

10. CANOPY

11. CANOPY DOOR LOCK INDICATORS

ON, AS REQUIRED

AS REQUIRED

CHECK 260 TO 280 LBS

CHECK

CLOSED, LOCKED

CHECK²

1) Aircraft having tcto 1l-10a-563 incorporated

LINE-UP CHECK

1. FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

2. CONDITION LEVERS

3. POWER LEVERS

CHECK

T.O./LAND

ADVANCE

AFTER TAKE-OFF

1. GEAR

2. FLAPS

CLIMB

1. CONDITION LEVERS

2. OXYGEN

3. YAW DAMPER

4. EXT FUEL TRANS

AS REQUIRED

ON, AS APPLICABLE

CRUISE

1. CONDITION LEVERS NORMAL FLIGHT

2. POWER LEVERS AS REQUIRED

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Aerosoft GmbH 2012

DESCENT

1. APPROACH PROCEDURES

2. CKPT AIR/DEFR

3. ALTIMETER

4. POWER LEVERS

BEFORE LANDING

1. CONDITION LEVERS

2. SHOULDER HARNESS

3. YAW DAMPER

4. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

5. GEAR

6. FLAPS

GO-AROUND

1. POWER LEVERS

2. GEAR

3. FLAPS

TOUCH-AND-GO LANDING

1. FLAP

2. POWER LEVERS

3. FLAP

4. GEAR

5. BEFORE LANDING, PERFORM BEFORE LANDING

REVIEW, AS REQUIRED

AS REQUIRED

SET

AS REQUIRED

T.O./LAND

AS REQUIRED

OFF

CHECK

DOWN

AS REQUIRED

ADVANCE, AS REQUIRED

UP, AS REQUIRED

T/O

MILITARY

UP, AT 110 KIAS

UP, AS REQUIRED

CHECK

Bronco X

AFTER LANDING

1. FLAPS

2. CONDITION LEVERS

3. IFF

4. ANTI COLLISION LIGHT

5. EXT FUEL TRANS

6. TRIM

7. EJECT SEAT “D” RING SAFETY PIN

SHUTDOWN

1. PARK BRAKE

2. RADIO AND NAV EQUIPMENT

3. POWER LEVERS

4. CONDITION LEVERS

5. POWER LEVERS

6. INST PWR

7. NAVIGATION LIGHTS

8. BATTERY

9. CONTROL GUST LOCK

10. THRUSTER SAFETY PIN

NORMAL FLIGHT

OFF

NEUTRAL

INSTALLED

SET

OFF

GROUND START

FUEL SHUT-OFF

FULL REVERSE

OFF

INSTALLED

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

66 67

BEFORE LEAVING AIRCRAFT

1. CHOCKS

2. PARK BRAKE

3. OXYGEN

4. CANOPY

5. FORM 781

IN PLACE

RELEASED, AS REQUIRED

100% AND OFF

CLOSED, AS REQUIRED

COMPLETE

Note:

Some Broncos were changed to always read EGT on the EGT/TIT gauge. This option is available on the Aerosoft OV-10 Bronco too through the Checklist/Conﬁg gauge .

When set to EGT readout only, the pilot is required to determine max allowable EGT with the help of EGT charts.

The TIT warn lights are hardcoded to 996°C and will not warn for any EGT over temperature situation since EGT is much lower than TIT.

TIT is not a measured value, since no temperature probe type is able to withstand the temperatures at the turbine inlet. Instead TIT is calculated and “tweaked” by the SRL computer to read a TIT value giving a single red-line value- i.e EGT is converted to TIT and this value is again compensated for Ng, OAT, Altitude and Airspeed in order to make the gauge needle read 996°C when reaching max allowable TIT, which again will lit the TIT warn light.

Options:

Included are the following:

• Set Cold & dark state.

• Set Cold & dark Maintenance.

• Set Ready for Take-Off state.

• Select EGT/TIT readout.

• Failure enable/disable.

Bronco X

Emergency Checklist

ENGINE OR NACELLE FIRE DURING START / HOT START

1. CONDITION LEVER

2. FIRE LIGHT

3. AIR START

HOLD SWITCH TO SHUT OFF FUEL ENRICHMENT AND IGNITION ALLOW STARTER TO CONTINUE ROTATING ENGINE.

FUEL SHUT-OFF

PULL

CRANK

4. START SWITCH

ABORT

IF FIRE PERSISTS OR LIGHT ILLUMINATED:

5. FIRE EXT

6. EXTERNAL POWER

7. BATTERY

AGENT

DISCONNECT, IF USED

OFF

ENGINE FIRE AFTER SHUTDOWN

1. BATTERY

2. START SWITCH

3. POWER LEVER

TO CONT ROTATE ENG

GROUND START

TWO-ENGINE ABORT

1. POWER LEVERS

2. BRAKES

RETARD

AS REQUIRED

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

68 69

ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (TAKE-OFF CONTINUED)

1. GEAR

2. STORES

3. FAILED ENG COND. LEVER

4. FLAPS

5. FAILED ENGINE POWER LEVER

JETTISON

FEATHER & FUEL

UP (ABOVE 110 KIAS)

FLIGHT IDLE

ENGINE FIRE AFTER LIFT-OFF

1. GEAR

2. STORES

3. FAILED ENG COND. LEVER

4. FIRE LIGHT

5. FIRE EXT

6. FAILED ENGINE POWER LEVER

7. FLAPS

8. FAILED ENGINE FUEL EMERG S.O

9. IF STILL ON FIRE

JETTISON

FEATHER & FUEL

SHUT-OFF

PULL

AGENT

FLIGHT IDLE

UP (WHEN ABOVE 110 KIAS)

SHUT OFF

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

1. FAILED ENG COND. LEVER

2. OPERATIVE ENGINE POWER LEVER

3. GEAR

4. FLAPS

FEATHER & FUEL

ADVANCE, AS REQUIRED

Bronco X

MAINTAIN MINIMUM SINGLE-ENGLNE SPEED OR ABOVE

5. STORES

6. FAILED ENGINE POWER LEVER

7. FAILED ENGINE FUEL EMERG S.O

JETTISON, AS REQUIRED

FLIGHT IDLE

SHUT OFF

FAILURE OF BOTH ENGINES IN FLIGHT

1. MAINTAIN

2. FUEL QUANTITY

130 KIAS

CHECK

ENGINE AIR START

1. CONDITION LEVER

2. POWER LEVER

3. AIR START

4. CONDITION LEVER

5. AIR START

FUEL SHUT-OFF

HALFWAY BETWEEN FLIGHT IDLE AND MILITARY

NORMAL FLIGHT AT 10% RPM

AUTO

UNSUCCESSFUL AIR START

1. CONDITION LEVER

2. AIR START

3. STORES

4. FAILED ENGINE POWER LEVER

FEATHER & FUEL

AUTO

JETTISON, AS REQUIRED

FLIGHT IDLE

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70 71

ENGINE FIRE DURING FLIGHT

1. AFF. ENG COND. LEVER

2. FIRE LIGHT

3. FIRE EXT

4. IF STILL ON FIRE

5. FAILED ENGINE FUEL EMERG S.O

ELECTRICAL FIRE

1. GENERATORS

2. BATTERY

3. RAM AIR KNOB

4. ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

5. BATTERY

6. GENERATORS

7. VOLTAMMETER

8. DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT

SMOKE OR FUMES ELIMINATION

1. BLEED AIR

2. RAM AIR KNOB

3. COCKPIT AIR VENTS

4. CKPT AIR/DEFR

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF

PULL

AGENT

EJECT OR LAND IMMEDIATELY

SHUT OFF

OFF

PULL FULL OUT

OFF

RESET

CHECK

ISOLATE

EMERG OFF

PULL, AS DESIRED

OPEN

FULL IN

IF ELECTRICAL FIRE IS SUSPECTED, FOLLOW ELECTRICAL FIRE PROCEDURE

Bronco X

GENERATORS FAILURE

1. REDUCE ELECTRICAL LOAD

2. APPLICABLE GENERATOR

3. IF GENERATOR WILL NOT RESET

RESET

TURN OFF GENERATOR AND LAND

BOTH GENERATORS OUT

1. ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIP

2. GENERATORS

OFF

RESET

IF NEITHER GENERATOR WILL RESET, TURN OFF BOTH GENERATORS AND LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

3. BATTERY EMERG, AS REQUIRED

FLAP ALTERNATE OPERATION

1. FLAP HANDLE

2. ALT FLAPS

HOLD

AS REQUIRED

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

72 73

EJECTION PROCEDURE

1. NOTIFY OTHER CREW MEMBER TO EJECT

2. EJECTION “D” RING-

3. IFF MASTER-

4. TRANSMIT MAYDAY AND IN TENTIONS

5. OXYGEN HOSE AND COMMS CORD -

6. HELMET VISOR -

PULL

EMER

DISCONNECT

DOWN

7. STEER AIRCRAFT AWAY FROM POPULATED AREAS

8. TRADE EXCESS AIRSPEED FOR ALTITUDE (100 KIAS MINIMUM)

9. EJECTION RECOMMENDED NOT LOWER THAN 2500 FEET AGL

AFTER EJECTION:

1. PARACHUTE RELEASE HANDLE-

2. OXYGEN MASK -

3. SURVIVAL KIT RELEASE -

4. LIFE PRESERVER-

PULL

OFF, AS REQUIRED

PULL

INFLATE (OVER WATER)

SINGLE-ENGINE/FLAME-OUT LANDING APPROACH TO HIGH KEY

1. GEAR

2. FLAPS

3. AIRSPEED

130 KIAS

Bronco X

HIGH KEY (2500 FEET AGL MINIMUM)

4. GEAR

5. FLAPS

6. SHOULDER HARNESS

7. AIRSPEED

LOW KEY (1500 FEET AGL MINIMUM)

8. GEAR

9. FLAPS

10. AIRSPEED

BASE (500 FEET AGL MINIMUM)

11. GEAR

12. FLAPS

13. AIRSPEED

FINAL (200 FEET AGL MINIMUM)

14. FLAP HANDLE

15. AIRSPEED

DOWN, AS REQUIRED

AS REQUIRED

LOCKED

100 KIAS (MINIMUM)

DOWN

AS REQUIRED

100 KIAS (MINIMUM)

DOWN

AS REQUIRED

100 KIAS (MINIMUM)

T/O, AS REQUIRED

100 KIAS (MINIMUM)

TOUCHDOWN

16. AIRSPEED

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

80 KIAS (MINIMUM)

74 75

GO-AROUND - SINGLE ENGINE

1. CONDITION LEVER

2. POWER LEVER

3. GEAR

4. FLAPS

5. AIRSPEED

T.O./LAND

ADVANCE

100 KIAS

GEAR EMERGENCY EXTENSION

1. LANDING GEAR HANDLE

2. AIRSPEED

DOWN

REDUCE TO 120 KIAS

INCREASE „G“ IF REQUIRED TO LOCK MAIN GEAR

DITCHING

1. FOLLOW RADIO DISTRESS PROCEDURE

2. STORES

3. LOOSE EQUIPMENT

4. G-SUIT HOSE, COMS CORD

5. STRAPS AND LAP BELT

6. OXYGEN

7. GEAR

8. FLAP HANDLE

9. SHOULDER HARNESS

10. FLY POWER-ON APPROACH, IF POSSIBLE

11. CONDITION LEVERS

12. FLY AIRCRAFT UNTIL STOPPED

13. OXYGEN MASK

JETTISON

STOW

DISCONNECT

CHECK TIGHT

100%, IF USED

DOWN

LOCK

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF, BEFORE IMPACT

OFF

Bronco X

14. LAP BELT

15. RISER FITTINGS

16. CANOPY

17. ABANDON AIRCRAFT

OPEN

RELEASE

OPEN

UNSAFE GEAR INDICATION IN COCKPIT

1. STORES

2. SHOULDER HARNESS

3. NOSE GEAR STEER BUTTON

JUST PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN

4. CONDITION LEVERS

5. BATTERY

6. LAND STRAIGHT AHEAD. STOP THE AIRCRAFT AND INSTALL GEAR PIN

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF

OFF

MAIN GEAR COCKED WITH NOSE GEAR UP OR DOWN

1. GEAR

2. STORES

3. SHOULDER HARNESS

4. BATTERY

5. CONDITION LEVERS

JETTISON

LOCKED

OFF

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

76 77

BRAKE FAILURE

1. USE REVERSE THRUST TO STOP

2. CONDITION LEVERS

3. WHEELS

FEATHER & FUEL

SHUT-OFF

CHOCKED

OIL SYSTEM FAILURE

1. POWER LEVER

2. CONDITION LEVER

3. LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE

FLIGHT IDLE

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF

FUEL BOOST CAUTION

1. FUEL GAUGE SELECT

2. LAND BEFORE

FEED

FUEL FEED WARNING

1. POWER LEVERS

RETARD TO MINIMUM PRACTICAL AND SLOW TO NOSE-UP ATTITUDE

2. REMAIN AT ALTITUDE UNTIL FIELD ASSURED.

3. LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE USING FLAME-OUT LANDING.

4. PREPARE FOR FLAME-OUT LANDING.

INSTRUMENT POWER FAILURE

1. INST PWR

INV NO. 2

Bronco X

TRIM SYSTEMS FAILURE

2. TRIM SELECT

3. ALTERNATE TRIM SWITCHES

PROPELLER/ENGINE OVERSPEED

1. POWER LEVER

2. AIRSPEED

3. PITCH

4. CONDITION LEVER

ENSURE POWER LEVER IS IN FLIGHT IDLE.

CANOPY OPEN IN FLIGHT

1. AIRSPEED

2. FLAP HANDLE

3. CANOPY

4. APPROACH SPEED

ALT

TRIM, AS REQUIRED

RETARD

DECREASE

INCREASE ATTITUDE

FEATHER & FUEL SHUT-OFF

REDUCE TO 90 KIAS

T/O

CLOSED, IF POSSIBLE

10 KIAS ABOVE NORMAL

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

1. DETERMINE AIRSPEED AT WHICH CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS IS

MARGINAL IN LANDING CONFIGURATION.

2. ESTABLISH AIRSPEED AT LEAST 10 KIAS HIGHER.

EMERGENCY JETTISON

METHODS OF JETTISON ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1. ALL EXTERNAL STORES, STORES EMER REL BUTTON

2. STATIONS 1, 2, 4, 5, EMER ST JETT HANDLE

PUSH

PULL

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Aerosoft GmbH 2012

Appendix A: Landing Pattern

This charts shows the advised speed and conﬁguration during the approach and landing.

Bronco X

Appendix B: The Making Of

Perhaps you would like to get some idea about how a project like this starts and evolves to what you see now. It started actually years ago, when I ﬂew the Bronco in FS98 and immediately liked the aircraft. Ever since I had the aircraft on the list of ’projects to do’. In 2010 we actually decided to start on it and as always we needed good access to the real aircraft. There was one obvious choice for that as there are not that many ﬂying Bronco’s in Western Europe, the OV-10 Bronco Association, German Wing. When we contacted them they were immediately interested and very helpful. Quickly a date was set for a photo shoot and a sound recording session.

To capture all the details of an aircraft like this on photo is a lengthy process and requires a keen eye for detail. It is best if the 3d artist does the photo’s as he knows what matters most. He always has a ruler in the picture so he knows what size the objects are. Even the ﬂight suit that the pilots wears is photographed from all sides! The sound recording is more fun as the guy who does the sounds gets to sit in the cockpit and operate all the controls to get the sounds of all the switches etc. We normally do this with a video camera with a good microphone so we know what sound is what.

Then comes a period when the 3d artist starts to work. The system designer starts a bit later and tries to get a good idea of all the systems. We talk to the real pilot a lot in this stage to understand what the most important systems are, what is possible and what is just too complex for FSX and/or the intended customer. The ﬂight mechanics people start last. They create a base ﬁle that is then test ﬂown and compared to real data (taken from manuals and documents).

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80 81

When we‘ve got those basics right we talk to the pilots again to understand where the aircraft is different and special. It’s important to get those aspects right. In this case the real Bronco was ﬂown a few times just to conﬁrm some of our ideas. The result has to be a ﬂight model that is not only accurate but above all feels like the real aircraft (and believe me, this one does).

Months later all ﬁles come together and the testing starts. This is a difﬁcult time as it often seems like there is so much to do. This time however we had little problems. In fact we never saw any CTD errors that are almost impossible to ﬁx. Writing the manuals is time consuming as you spend most time in the sim or reading the real manuals but it also serves as a good test of all systems. Release is the easiest thing in all as making the installers and product pages are really routine for us. Training the support staff and getting the marketing and public relations is also a doddle compared to the actual development.

And there you have it. That’s how the Aerosoft Bronco was made. A lot of sweat, late night hours, curses, laughter, sleepless nights, coffee and beers went into this one. Enjoy it!

Thanks to the whole team, I could not have wished for a better one.

Mathijs Kok

Bronco X

Aerosoft GmbH 2012

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Aerosoft Bronco X Operating Instructions

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual