Aeroflex 2041 Operating Manual

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AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORS

2040 Series

Operating Manual

Document part no. 46892/074

Issue 27

23 April 2007

SIGNAL GENERATORS

2040 series

2040 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz 2041 10 kHz to 2.7 GHz 2042 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz

Includes information on: Option 001 - Second modulation oscillator Option 002 - Pulse modulation Option 003 - High output power Option 006 - Avionics Option 008 - RF profiles and complex sweep Option 012 - Electronic attenuator Option 100 - Single fuse version Option 105 - Modified pulse modulator Option 112 - EXT MOD 2 input 600

This manual applies to instruments with software issues of 9.07 and higher.

Operating Manual

eroflex International Ltd. 2007

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

or recorded by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing by Aeroflex International Ltd.

(hereafter referred to throughout the document as ‘Aeroflex’).

Manual part no. 46892/074 (PDF version)

Based on Issue 27 of the printed manual

23 April 2007

Contents

Tab

numbers

PREFACE PRECAUTIONS

Chapter 1 GENERAL INFORMATION Chapter 2 INSTALLATION Chapter 3-1 OPERATION

Chapter 3-2 GPIB OPERATION Chapter 4-1 BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Chapter 5-1 ACCEPTANCE TESTING App. 5-1-A ACCEPTANCE TESTING SECOND

MODULATION OSCILLATOR OPTION App. 5-1-B ACCEPTANCE TESTING PULSE

MODULATION OPTION App. 5-1-C ACCEPTANCE TESTING HIGH OUTPUT

POWER OPTION App. 5-1-D ACCEPTANCE TESTING ELECTRONIC

ATTENUATOR OPTION

3 4 5 6

ANNEX A OPTION 006 AVIONICS ANNEX B OPTION 008 RF PROFILES AND COMPLEX

SWEEP INDEX CONTACTS

11 12

PATENT PROTECTION

The 2040 Series Signal Generators are protected by the following patents:

GB 2030391 US 4323943 FR 80.26256 GB 2064892 US 4400630 GB 2158999 US 4672336 GB 2217542 US 5061909 EP 0322139 DE 3229112 GB 2103035 US 4518929

GB 2214012 US 4870384 GB 1601822 US 4194164 EP 0125790 GB 2140232 US 4609881 GB 2258774 US 5375065

PREFACE

Instruments fitted with Option 006

}

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Precautions

These terms have specific meanings in this manual:

WARNING

information to prevent personal injury. information to prevent damage to the equipment. important general information.

Hazard symbols

The meaning of hazard symbols appearing on the equipment and in the documentation is as follows:

Symbol Description

Refer to the operating manual when this symbol is marked on the instrument. Familiarize yourself with the nature of the hazard and the actions that may have to be taken.

Dangerous voltage

Toxic hazard

General conditions of use

This product is designed and tested to comply with the requirements of IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use’, for Class I, portable equipment and is for use in a pollution degree 2 environment. The equipment is designed to operate from an installation category I and II supply.

Equipment should be protected from the ingress of liquids and precipitation such as rain, snow, etc. When moving the equipment from a cold to a hot environment, it is important to allow the temperature of the equipment to stabilize before it is connected to the supply to avoid condensation forming. The equipment must only be operated within the environmental conditions specified in Chapter 1 ‘Performance data’ in the Operating manual, otherwise the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

This product is not approved for use in hazardous atmospheres or medical applications. If the equipment is to be used in a safety-related application, e.g. avionics or military applications, the suitability of the product must be assessed and approved for use by a competent person.

WARNING

Fuses

Electrical hazards (AC supply voltage)

This equipment conforms with IEC Safety Class I, meaning that it is provided with a protective grounding lead. To maintain this protection the supply lead must always be connected to the source of supply via a socket with a grounded contact.

Be aware that the supply filter contains capacitors that may remain charged after the equipment is disconnected from the supply. Although the stored energy is within the approved safety requirements, a slight shock may be felt if the plug pins are touched immediately after removal.

Do not remove instrument covers as this may result in personal injury. There are no userserviceable parts inside.

Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. See list of Service Centers at rear of manual.

Note that there are supply fuses in both the live and neutral wires of the supply lead. If only one of these fuses should rupture, certain parts of the equipment could remain at supply potential.

Fuses

For Option 100, single fuse version only:

Note that the internal supply fuse is in series with the live conductor of the supply lead. If connection is made to a 2-pin unpolarized supply socket, it is possible for the fuse to become transposed to the neutral conductor, in which case, parts of the equipment could remain at supply potential even after the fuse has ruptured.

WARNING

Fire hazard

WARNING

Toxic hazards

WARNING

Beryllia

WARNING

Make sure that only fuses of the correct rating and type are used for replacement. If an integrally fused plug is used on the supply lead, ensure that the fuse rating is commensurate

with the current requirements of this equipment. See under ‘Performance data’ in Chapter 1 for power requirements.

Some of the components used in this equipment may include resins and other materials which give off toxic fumes if incinerated. Take appropriate precautions, therefore, in the disposal of these items.

Beryllia (beryllium oxide) is used in the construction of some of the components in this equipment.

This material, when in the form of fine dust or vapor and inhaled into the lungs, can cause a respiratory disease. In its solid form, as used here, it can be handled quite safely although it is prudent to avoid handling conditions which promote dust formation by surface abrasion.

Because of this hazard, you are advised to be very careful in removing and disposing of these components. Do not put them in the general industrial or domestic waste or dispatch them by post. They should be separately and securely packed and clearly identified to show the nature of the hazard and then disposed of in a safe manner by an authorized toxic waste contractor.

Lithium

A Lithium battery (or a Lithium battery contained within an IC) is used in this equipment. As Lithium is a toxic substance, the battery should in no circumstances be crushed, incinerated or

disposed of in normal waste. Do not attempt to recharge this type of battery. Do not short circuit or force discharge since this

might cause the battery to vent, overheat or explode.

WARNING

Heavy equipment

The weight of this equipment exceeds the 18 kg (40 lb) guideline for manual handling by a single person. To avoid the risk of injury, an assessment should be carried out prior to handling which takes account of the load, workplace environment and individual capability, in accordance with European Directive 90/269/EEC and associated National Regulations.

WARNING

Tilt facility

When the instrument is in the tilt position, it is advisable, for stability reaso ns, not to stack other instruments on top of it.

Pulse input

Before switching the instrument on, ensure that no signal voltage is present on the PULSE INPUT socket.

Static sensitive components

This equipment contains static sensitive components which may be damaged by handling — refer to the Maintenance Manual for handling precautions.

Suitability for use

This equipment has been designed and manufactured by Aeroflex to generate low-power RF signals for testing radio communications apparatus.

If the equipment is not used in a manner specified by Aeroflex, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Aeroflex has no control over the use of this equipment and cannot be held responsible for events arising from its use other than for its intended purpose.

Précautions

Les termes suivants ont, dans ce manuel, des significations particulières:

WARNING

contient des informations pour éviter toute blessure au personnel.

contient des informations pour éviter les dommages aux équipements.

contient d'importantes informations d'ordre général.

Symboles signalant un risque

La signification des symboles de danger apparaissant sur l'équipement et dans la documentation est la suivante:

Symbole Nature du risque

Reportez-vous au manuel d'utilisation quand ce symbole apparaît sur l'instrument. Familiarisez-vous avec la nature du danger et la conduite à tenir.

Tension dangereuse

Danger produits toxiques

Conditions générales d’utilisation

Ce produit a été conçu et testé pour être conforme aux exigences des normes CEI/EN61010-1 “Règles de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation et de laboratoire”, pour des équipements Classe I, portables et pour une utilisation dans un environnement de pollution de niveau 2. Cet équipement est conçu pour fonctionner à partir d’une alimentation de catégorie I et II.

Cet équipement doit être protégé de l’introduction de liquides ainsi que des précipitations d’eau, de neige, etc... Lorsqu’on transporte cet équipement d’un environnement chaud vers un environnement froid, il est important de laisser l’équipement se stabiliser en température avant de le connecter à une alimentation afin d’éviter toute formation de condensation. L'appareil doit être utilisé uniquement dans le cadre des conditions d'environnement spécifiées dans ‘Performance data’ dans le chapitre 1 du manuel d'utilisation, toute autre utilisation peut endommager les systèmes de protection.

Ce produit n’est pas garanti pour fonctionner dans des atmosphères dangereuses ou pour un usage médical. Si l'équipement doit être utilisé pour des applications en relation avec la sécurité, par exemple des applications militaires ou aéronautiques, la compatibilité du produit doit être établie et approuvée par une personne compétente.

WARNING

Sécurité électrique (tension d’alimentation alternative)

Cet appareil est protégé conformément à la norme CEI de sécurité Classe 1, c’est-à-dire que sa prise secteur comporte un fil de protection à la terre. Pour maintenir cette protection, le câble d’alimentation doit toujours être branché à la source d’alimentation par l’intermédiaire d’une prise comportant une borne de terre.

Notez que les filtres d’alimentation contiennent des condensateurs qui peuvent encore être chargés lorsque l’appareil est débranché. Bien que l’énergie contenue soit conforme aux exigences de sécurité, il est possible de ressentir un léger choc si l’on touche les bornes sitôt après débranchement.

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Ne démontez pas le capot de l'instrument, car ceci peut provoquer des blessures. Il n'y a pas de pièces remplaçables par l'utilisateur à l'intérieur.

Faites effectuer toute réparation par du personnel qualifié. Contacter un des Centres de Maintenance Internationaux dans la liste jointe à la fin du manuel.

Fusibles

Notez qu’il y a deux fusibles, l’un pour la phase et l’autre pour le neutre du câble d’alimentation. Si un seul fusible est coupé, certaines parties de l’appareil peuvent rester au potentiel d’alimentation.

Option fusible simple

Notez que le fusible d’alimentation interne est en série avec la phase du câble d’alimentation. Si la prise d’alimentation comporte deux bornes non polarisées, il est possible de connecter le fusible au neutre. Dans ce cas, certaines parties de l’appareil peuvent rester à un certain potentiel même après coupure du fusible.

WARNING

Risque lie au feu

WARNING

Lors du remplacement des fusibles vérifiez l'exactitude de leur type et de leur valeur. Si le cable d'alimentation comporte une prise avec fusible intégré, assurez vous que sa valeur est

compatible avec les besoins en courant de l'appareil. Pour la consommation, reportez vous au chapitre 1 ‘Performance data’.

Danger produits toxiques

Certains composants utilisés dans cet appareil peuvent contenir des résines et d'autres matières qui dégagent des fumées toxiques lors de leur incinération. Les précautions d'usages doivent donc être prises lorsqu'on se débarrasse de ce type de composant.

Le Beryllia

Le Béryllia (oxyde de Béryllium) entre dans la composition de certains composants de cet appareil.

Cette matière peut, lorsqu’elle est inhalée sous forme de vapeur ou de fine poussière, être la cause de maladies respiratoires. Sous sa forme solide, comme c’est le cas ici, cette matière peut être manipulée sans risque, bien qu’il soit conseillé d’éviter toute manipulation pouvant entraîner la formation de poussière par abrasion de la surface.

Il est donc conseillé, pour éviter ce risque, de prendre les précautions requises pour retirer ces composants et s’en débarrasser. Ne les jetez pas avec les déchets industriels ou domestiques ou ne les envoyez pas par la poste. Il faut les emballer séparément et solidement et bien indiquer la nature du risque avant de les céder, avec précautions, à une entreprise spécialisée dans le traitement de déchets toxiques.

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WARNING

Lithium

Une pile au Lithium ou un CI contenant une pile au Lithium est utilisé dans cet équipement. Le Lithium étant une substance toxique, il ne faut en aucun cas l’écraser, l’incinérer ou le jeter

avec des déchets normaux. N’essayez pas de recharger ce type de pile. Ne court-circuitez pas ou ne forcez pas la décharge de

la pile car cela pourrait causer une fuite, une surchauffe ou une explosion.

WARNING

Equipement lourd

Le poids de cet appareil est supérieur à la limite de 18 kg (40 lb), fixée pour le transport par une seule personne. Afin d’éviter tout risque de blessure, il est nécessaire de faire, avant le transport, une évaluation de la charge, des contraintes de l’environnement et des capacités de l’individu, en conformité avec la Directive Européenne 90/269/EEC ainsi que les recommandations Nationales concernées.

WARNING

Position inclinée

Utilisation

Lorsque l'appareil est dans une position inclinée, il est recommandé, pour des raisons des stabilité, de ne pas y empiler d'autres appareils.

Cet équipement a été conçu et fabriqué par Aeroflex pour générer des signaux RF de faible puissance pour le test d'appareils de radio communications.

La protection de l'équipement peut être altérée s'il n'est pas utilisé dans les conditions spécifiées par Aeroflex. Aeroflex n'a aucun contrôle sur l'usage de l'instrument, et ne pourra être tenu pour responsable en cas d'événement survenant suite à une utilisation différente de celle prévue.

Vorsichtsmaßnahmen

Diese Hinweise haben eine bestimmte Bedeutung in diesem Handbuch:

WARNING

dienen zur Vermeidung von Verletzungsrisiken.

dienen dem Schutz der Geräte.

enthalten wichtige Informationen.

Gefahrensymbole

Die Bedeutung der Gefahrensymbole auf den Geräten und in der Dokumentation ist wie folgt:

Symbol Gefahrenart

Beziehen Sie sich auf die Bedienungsanleitung wenn das Messgerät mit diesem Symbol markiert ist. Machen Sie sich mit der Art der Gefahr und den Aktionen die getroffen werden müssen bekannt.

Gefährliche Spannung

Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen

Allgemeine Hinweise zur Verwendung

Dieses Produkt wurde entsprechend den Anforderungen von IEC/EN61010-1 “Sicherheitsanforderungen für elektrische Ausrüstung für Meßaufgaben, Steuerung und Laborbedarf”, Klasse I, transportabel zur Verwendung in einer Grad 2 verunreinigten Umgebung, entwickelt und getestet. Dieses Gerät ist für Netzversorgung Klasse I und II zugelassen.

Das Gerät sollte vor dem Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten sowie vor Regen, Schnee etc. geschützt werden. Bei Standortänderung von kalter in wärmere Umgebung sollte das Gerät wegen der Kondensation erst nach Anpassung an die wärmere Umgebung mit dem Netz verbunden werden. Das Gerät darf nur in Umgebungsbedingungen wie im Kapitel 1 ‘Leistungsdaten (Performance data)’ der Bedienungsanleitung beschrieben, betrieben werden; ansonsten wird der vom Gerät vorgesehene Schutz des Anwenders beeinträchtigt.

Dieses Produkt ist nicht für den Einsatz in gefährlicher Umgebung (z.B. Ex-Bereich) und für medizinische Anwendungen geprüft. Sollte das Gerät für den Einsatz in sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen wie z.B. im Flugverkehr oder bei militaerischen Anwendungen vorgesehen sein, so ist dieser von einer für diesen Bereich zuständigen Person zu beurteilen und genehmigen.

WARNING

Elektrische Schläge (Wechselspannungsversorgung)

Das Gerät entspricht IEC Sicherheitsklasse 1 mit einem Schutzleiter nach Erde. Das Netzkabel muß stets an eine Steckdose mit Erdkontakt angeschlossen werden.

Filterkondensatoren in der internen Spannungsversorgung können auch nach Unterbrechung der Spannungszuführung noch geladen sein. Obwohl die darin gespeicherte Energie innerhalb der Sicherheitsmargen liegt, kann ein leichter Spannungsschlag bei Berührung kurz nach der Unterbrechung erfolgen.

Öffnen Sie niemals das Gehäuse der Geräte das dies zu ernsthaften Verletzungen führen kann. Es gibt keine vom Anwender austauschbare Teile in diesem Gerät.

Lassen Sie alle Reparaturen durch qualifiziertes Personal durchführen. Eine Liste der Servicestellen finden Sie auf der Rückseite des Handbuches.

Sicherungen

Es ist zu beachten, daß es Sicherungen in beiden (spannunsführenden und neutralen) Zuleitungen gibt. Wenn nur eine von diesen Sicherungen schmilzt, so bleiben einige Geräteteile immer noch auf Spannungspotential.

Einsicherungs-Option

Die interne Sicherung in der Spannungszuführung ist in Reihe mit der spannungsführenden Zuleitung geschaltet. Bei Verbindung mit einer zweiadrigen, nicht gepolten Steckdose kann die Sicherung in der Masseleitung liegen, so daß auch bei geschmolzener Sicherung Geräteteile immer noch auf Spannungspotential sind.

WARNING

Feuergefahr

WARNING

Es dürfen nur Ersatzsicherungen vom gleichen Typ mit den korrekten Spezifikationen entsprechend der Stromaufnahme des Gerätes verwendet werden. Siehe hierzu die Leistungsdaten (‘Performance data’ in Kapitel 1.

Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen

WARNING

Beryllium Oxid

WARNING

Lithium

WARNING

In einigen Bauelementen dieses Geräts können Epoxyharze oder andere Materialien enthalten sein, die im Brandfall giftige Gase erzeugen. Bei der Entsorgung müssen deshalb entsprechende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden.

Beryllium Oxid wird in einigen Bauelementen verwendet. Als Staub inhaliert kann Beryllium zu Schädigungen der Atemwege führen. In fester Form kann

es ohne Gefahr gehandhabt werden, wobei Staubabrieb vermieden werden sollte. Wegen dieser Gefahren dürfen diese Bauelemente nur mit der entsprechenden Vorsicht ausgebaut

und entsorgt werden. Sie dürfen nicht mit Industrie oder Hausmüll vermengt oder per Post versandt werden. Sie müssen separat verpackt und entsprechend der Gefährdung markiert werden. Die Entsorgung muß über einen autorisierten Fachbetrieb erfolgen.

Eine Lithium Batterie oder eine Lithium Batterie innerhalb eines IC ist in diesem Gerät eingebaut. Da Lithium ein giftiges Material ist, sollte es als Sondermüll entsorgt werden. Diese Batterie darf auf keinen Fall geladen werden. Nicht kurzschließen, da sie dabei überhitzt

werden und explodieren kann.

Schweres Gerät

Das Gewicht dieses Geräts liegt über der 18 kg (40 lb) Grenze für Transport durch eine einzelne Person. Zur Vermeidung von Verletzungen sollten vor einem Transport die Arbeitsumgebung und die persönlichen Möglichkeiten im Verhältnis zur Last abgewogen werden, wie in der EURegelung 90/269/EEC und nationalen Normen beschrieben.

WARNING

Schrägstellung

Bei Schrägstellung des Geräts sollten aus Stabilitätsgründen keine anderen Geräte darauf gestellt werden.

Eignung für Gebrauch

Dieses Gerät wurde von Aeroflex entwickelt und hergestellt um HF Signale geringer Leistung zum Test von Kommunikationseinrichtungen zu erzeugen.

Sollte das Gerät nicht auf die von Aeroflex vorgesehene Art und Weise verwendet werden, kann die Schutzfunktion des Gerätes beeinträchtigt werden.

Aeroflex hat keinen Einfluß auf die Art der Verwendung und übernimmt keinerlei Verantwortung bei unsachgemässer Handhabung.

xii

Precauzioni

Questi termini vengono utilizzati in questo manuale con significati specifici:

WARNING

riportano informazioni atte ad evitare possibili pericoli alla persona.

riportano informazioni per evitare possibili pericoli all'apparecchiatura.

riportano importanti informazioni di carattere generale.

Simboli di pericolo

Il significato del simbolo di pericolo riportato sugli strumenti e nella documentazione è il seguente:

Simbolo

Tipo di pericolo

Fare riferimento al manuale operativo quando questo simbolo è riportato sullo strumento. Rendervi conto della natura del pericolo e delle precauzioni che dovrete prendere.

Tensione pericolosa

Pericolo sostanze tossiche

Condizioni generali d’uso

Questo prodotto è stato progettato e collaudato per rispondere ai requisiti della direttiva IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use’ per apparati di classe I, trasportabili e per l’uso in un ambiente inquinato di grado

2. L’apparato è stato progettato per essere alimentato da un alimentatore di categoria I e II. Lo strumento deve essere protetto dal possibile ingresso di liquidi quali, ad es., acqua, pioggia,

neve, ecc. Qualora lo strumento venga portato da un ambiente freddo ad uno caldo, è importante lasciare che la temperatura all’interno dello strumento si stabilizzi prima di alimentarlo per evitare formazione di condense. Lo strumento deve essere utilizzato esclusivamente nelle condizioni ambientali descritte nel capitolo 1 ‘Performance data’ del manuale operativo, in caso contrario le protezioni previste nello strumento potrebbero risultare non sufficienti.

Questo prodotto non è stato approvato per essere usato in ambienti pericolosi o applicazioni medicali. Se lo strumento deve essere usato per applicazioni particolari collegate alla sicurezza (per esempio applicazioni militari o avioniche), occorre che una persona o un istituto competente ne certifichi l'uso.

WARNING

Pericoli da elettricità (alimentazione c.a.)

Quest ’apparato è provvisto del collegamento di protezione di terra e rispetta le norme di sicurezza IEC, classe 1. Per mantenere questa protezione è necessario che il cavo, la spina e la presa d’alimentazione siano tutti provvisti di terra.

Il circuito d’alimentazione contiene dei filtri i cui condensatori possono restare carichi anche dopo aver rimosso l’alimentazione. Sebbene l’energia immagazzinata è entro i limiti di sicurezza, purtuttavia una leggera scossa può essere avvertita toccando i capi della spina subito dopo averla rimossa.

Non rimuovete mai le coperture perché così potreste provocare danni a voi stessi. Non vi sono all’interno parti di interesse all’utilizzatore.

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Tutte gli interventi sono di competenza del personale qualificato. Vedi elenco internazionale dei Centri di Assistenza in fondo al manuale.

Fusibili

Notare che entrambi i capi del cavo d’alimentazione sono provvisti di fusibili. In caso di rottura di uno solo dei due fusibili, alcune parti dello strumento potrebbero restare sotto tensione.

Opzione singolo fusibile

Notare che un fusibile è posto sul filo caldo del cavo di alimentazione. Qualora l’alimentazione avvenga tramite due poli non polarizzati, è possibile che il fusibile vada a protezione del neutro per cui anche in caso di una sua rottura, l’apparato potrebbe restare sotto tensione.

WARNING

Pericolo d'incendio

WARNING

Assicurarsi che, in caso di sostituzione, vengano utilizzati solo fusibili della portata e del tipo prescritti.

Se viene usata una spina con fusibili, assicurarsi che questi siano di portata adeguata ai requisiti di alimentazione richiesti dallo strumento. Tali requisiti sono riportati nel capitolo1 ‘Performance data’.

Pericolo sostanze tossiche

Alcuni dei componenti usati in questo strumento possono contenere resine o altri materiali che, se bruciati, possono emettere fumi tossici. Prendere quindi le opportune precauzioni nell'uso di tali parti.

Berillio

Berillio (ossido di berillio) è utilizzato nella costruzione di alcuni componenti di quest’apparato. Questo materiale, se inalato sotto forma di polvere fine o vapore, può causare malattie respiratorie.

Allo stato solido, come è usato qui, può essere maneggiato con sufficiente sicurezza anche se è prudente evitare condizioni che provochino la formazione di polveri tramite abrasioni superficiali.

A cause di questi pericoli occorre essere molto prudenti nella rimozione e nella locazione di questi componenti. Questi non devono essere gettati tra i rifiuti domestici o industriali né. vanno spediti per posta. Essi devono essere impacchettati separatamente ed in modo sicuro e devono indicare chiaramente la natura del pericolo e quindi affidate a personale autorizzato.

Litio

Quest ’apparato incorpora una batteria al litio o un circuito integrato contenente una batteria al litio.

Poiché il litio è una sostanza tossica, la batteria non deve essere mai né rotta, né incenerita, né gettata tra i normali rifiuti.

Questo tipo di batteria non può essere sottoposto né a ricarica né a corto-circuito o scarica forzata. Queste azioni possono provocare surriscaldamento, fuoriuscita di gas o esplosione della batteria.

xiv

WARNING

Instrumento pesado

El peso de este equipo excede de los 18 kg (40 lb), lo que debe tenerse en cuenta si va ser transportado manualmente por una sola persona. Para evitar el riesgo de lesiones, antes de mover el equipo deberá evaluar la carga, el entorno de trabajo y la propia capacidad, de acuerdo con la Directiva Europea 90/269/EEC y el Reglamento Nacional Asociado.

WARNING

Posizionamento inclinato

Quando lo strumento è in posizione inclinata è raccomandato, per motivi di stabilità, non sovrapporre altri strumenti.

Caratteristiche d’uso

Questo strumento è stato progettato e prodotto da Aeroflex generare segnali RF in bassa potenza per provare apparati di radio comunicazione.

Se lo strumento non è utilizzato nel modo specificato da Aeroflex, le protezioni previste sullo strumento potrebbero risultare inefficaci.

Aeroflex non può avere il controllo sull’uso di questo strumento e non può essere ritenuta responsabile per eventi risultanti da un uso diverso dallo scopo prefisso.

Precauciones

Estos términos tienen significados específicos en este manual:

WARNING

contienen información referente a prevención de daños personales.

contienen información referente a prevención de daños en equipos.

contienen información general importante.

Símbolos de peligro

El significado de los símbolos de peligro en el equipo y en la documentación es el siguiente:

Símbolo

Naturaleza del peligro

Vea el manual de funcionamiento cuando este símbolo aparezca en el instrumento. Familiarícese con la naturaleza del riesgo y con las acciones que deban de tomarse.

Voltaje peligroso

Aviso de toxicidad

Condiciones generales de uso

Este producto ha sido diseñado y probado para cumplir los requerimientos de la normativa IEC/EN61010-1 “Requerimientos de la normativa para equipos eléctricos de medida, control y uso en laboratorio”, para equipos clase I, portátiles y para uso en un ambiente con un grado de contaminación 2. El equipo ha sido diseñado para funcionar sobre una instalación de alimentación de categorías I y II.

Debe protegerse el equipo de la entrada de líquidos y precipitaciones como nieve, lluvia, etc. Cuando se traslada el equipo de entorno frío a un entorno caliente, es importante aguardar la estabilización el equipo para evitar la condensación. Solamente debe utilizarse el equipo bajo las condiciones ambientales especificadas en el Capítulo 1 ‘Especificaciones’ o ‘Performance data’ del Manual de Operación, en caso contrario la propia protección del equipo puede resultar dañada.

Este producto no ha sido aprobado para su utilización en entornos peligrosos o en aplicaciones médicas. Si se va a utilizar el equipo en una aplicación con implicaciones en cuanto a seguridad, como por ejemplo aplicaciones de aviónica o militares, es preciso que un experto competente en materia de seguridad apruebe su uso.

WARNING

Nivel peligroso de electricidad (tensión de red)

Este equipo cumple las normas IEC Seguridad Clase 1, lo que significa que va provisto de un cable de protección de masa. Para mantener esta protección, el cable de alimentación de red debe de conectarse siempre a una clavija con terminal de masa.

Tenga en cuenta que el filtro de red contiene condensadores que pueden almacenar carga una vez desconectado el equipo. Aunque la energía almacenada está dentro de los requisitos de seguridad, pudiera sentirse una ligera descarga al tocar la clavija de alimentación inmediatamente después de su desconexión de red.

No retire las cubiertas del chasis del instrumento, ya que pudiera resultar dañado personalmente. No existen partes que puedan ser reparadas en su interior.

Deje todas las tareas relativas a reparación a un servicio técnico cualificado. Vea la lista de Centros de Servicios Internacionales en la parte trasera del manual.

xvi

Fusibles

Se hace notar que el Equipo está dotado de fusibles tanto en el activo como el neutro de alimentación. Si sólo uno de estos fusibles fundiera, existen partes del equipo que pudieran permanecer a tensión de red.

Opción fusible único

Se hace notar que el fusible de alimentación interno está enserie con el activo del cable de alimentación a red. Si la clavija de alimentación de red cuenta con sólo dos terminales sin polaridad, el fusible puede pasar a estar en serie con el neutro, en cuyo caso existen partes del equipo que permanecerían a tensión de red incluso después de que el fusible haya fundido.

WARNING

Peligro de incendio

WARNING

Asegúrese de utilizar sólo fusibles del tipo y valores especificados como recuesto. Si se utiliza una clavija con fusible incorporado, aseg úrese de que los valores del fusible

corresponden a los requeridos por el equipo. Ver sección de especificaciones del capítulo 1 del Manual de Operación para comprobar los requisitos de alimentación.

Aviso de toxicidad

Alguno de los componentes utilizados en este equipo pudieran incluir resinas u otro tipo de materiales que al arder produjeran sustancias tóxicas, Por tanto, tome las debidas precauciones en la manipulación de esas piezas.

Berilio

Berilio (óxido de berilio) Este material es utilizado en la fabricación de alguno de los componentes de este equipo.

La inhalación de este material, en forma de polvo fino o vapor, entrando en los pulmones, puede ser causa de enfermedades respiratorias. En forma sólida, como se utiliza en este caso, puede manipularse con bastante seguridad, aunque se recomienda no manejarlo en aquellas condiciones que pudieran favorecer la aparición de polvo por abrasión de la superficie.

Por todo lo anterior, se recomienda tener el máximo cuidado al reemplazar o deshacerse de estos componentes, no tirándolos en basuras industriales o domésticas y no utilizar el correo para su envío. Deben, ser empaquetados de forma segura y separada, y el paquete debidamente etiquetado e identificado, señalando claramente la naturaleza del riesgo y ponerlo a disposición de un destructor autorizado de productos tóxicos.

Litio

En este equipo se utiliza una batería de litio (o contenida dentro de un CI). Dada que el litio es una substancia tóxica las baterías de este material no deben ser aplastadas,

quemadas o arrojadas junto a basuras ordinarias. No trate de recargar este tipo de baterías. No las cortocircuite o fuerce su descarga ya que puede

dar lugar a que la esta emita gases, se recaliente o explote.

xvii

WARNING

Instrumento pesado

WARNING

Tener en cuenta con el equipo inclinado

Si utiliza el equipo en posición inclinada, se recomienda, por razones de estabilidad, no apilar otros equipos encima de él.

Idoneidad de uso

Este equipo ha sido diseñado y fabricado por Aeroflex para generar señales de VHF y UHF de bajo nivel de potencia para prueba de equipos de radiocomunicaciones.

Si el equipo fuese utilizado de forma diferente a la especificada por Aeroflex, la protección ofrecida por el equipo pudiera quedar reducida.

Aeroflex no tiene control sobre el uso de este equipo y no puede, por tanto, exigirsele responsabilidades derivadas de una utilización distinta de aquellas para las que ha sido diseñado.

xviii

CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................1-2

MAIN FEATURES.........................................................................................................1-2

Operation.............................................................................................................1-2

Display................................................................................................................1-2

Frequency selection ............................................................................................1-2

Output .................................................................................................................1-2

Modulation..........................................................................................................1-3

Incrementing.......................................................................................................1-3

Sweep..................................................................................................................

Non-volatile memory..........................................................................................1-3

Programming.......................................................................................................1-4

Software protection.............................................................................................1-4

Spectral purity.....................................................................................................1-4

Calibration ..........................................................................................................1-4

Options................................................................................................................1-4

PERFORMANCE DATA...............................................................................................

VERSIONS, OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES...........................................................1-16

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1-1 Typical phase noise performance of 2040 series .............................................1-5

Chapter 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

1-3

1-6

1-1

GENERAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

The 2040 series of Signal Generators cover the frequency range 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz with three models: 2040 (10 kHz to 1.35 GHz), 2041 (10 kHz to 2.7 GHz) and 2042 (10 kHz to 5.4 GHz). A dot matrix display with soft key selected screen options allow flexibility of operation and ease of use. The output may be amplitude, phase, or frequency modulated with pulse modulation available as an option. Modulation is available using a combination of up to two external signal inputs and a built-in LF source (a second internal source is optional).

Available options include a second built-in modulation source; avionics modulation (ILS and VOR); pulse modulation; RF level profiling and complex sweep; electronic attenuator.

Microprocessor control ensures that the instruments are flexible and easy to use and allows programming by the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). The GPIB is designed to IEEE Standard 488.2 and is a means of sending commands to an instrument, via a data bus, from a remote controller or personal computer. The instruments can therefore be used manually or as part of a fully automated test system.

MAIN FEATURES Operation

Selection of parameters on the screen may involve one or more of the numeric, hard or soft keys or the rotary knob. Hard keys have single or dual functions which remain constant throughout, whereas soft keys have functions dependent on the present mode of operation. Parameters may be set to specific values by numeric key entry, while values may be varied in steps of any size using the ⇑/⇓ keys or altered by moving the knob, set to a particular sensitivity.

The SIG GEN, LF, SWEEP, MEM (memory), Δ (delta) and UTIL (utility) menus are selectable, at any point of operation, via the keys below the display panel. Within the display, the soft key functions are indicated by labels which appear alongside the keys situated at either side of the display panel.

Display

The display is a dot matrix liquid crystal panel, with backlighting. Carrier frequency, modulation and RF level are shown in horizontal regions on the principal screen. The display features 11-digit resolution for carrier frequency, 4-digit for RF level and 3-digit for modulation, with unit annunciators.

Contrast may be varied, using the control knob, to optimize the viewing angle. Differing lighting conditions may be accommodated using the backlight intensity function, variable from no backlight to full intensity. A full graphical display test is available, refer to the Service Manual.

Frequency selection

Carrier frequency is selected via the soft key option on the SIG GEN display and direct entry via the keyboard. Alternatively, selection may be made via the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). Frequency resolution is 0.1 Hz across the band. Carrier frequencies can be stored in a non-volatile memory with complete recall when required. An ON-OFF key is provided to completely disable the output.

Output

RF output up to +13 dBm can be set by direct keyboard entry with a resolution of 0.1 dB

or better over the entire range. A high output option is available to extend the maximum calibrated level to +19 dBm on the 2040 instrument.

1-2

GENERAL INFORMATION

An extended hysteresis facility allows for extended electronic control of RF output level

without introducing mechanical attenuator transients when testing squelch systems.

A low intermodulation mode can be selected which disables the RF levelling system and

improves the intermodulation performance when combining the outputs of two signal generators. A choice of calibration units is available to the operator and provision is made for the

simple conversion of units (for example, dBm to μV). Calibration data for the output level is held in memory and may be altered from the front panel or over the interface bus.

The output level can be offset by up to ±2 dB by keyboard entry. Offsets from the calibrated value may be used to compensate for cable or switching losses external to the generator. This facility can be used as a means of deliberately offsetting the output level to ensure that all generators in an area give identical measurements. While using the offsetting facility, the principal calibration of the generator is not lost and may be returned to at any time.

An electronic trip protects the generator output against reverse power of up to 50 W, preventing damage to output circuits when RF or DC power is accidently applied.

Modulation

Comprehensive amplitude, frequency (plus wide bandwidth FM), phase and optional pulse modulation are provided for testing a wide range of receivers. An internal modulation oscillator is provided, having a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz, with a resolution of

0.1 Hz. A second modulation oscillator can be included as an option. Two independent BNC inputs on the front panel allow external modulation signals to be mixed with the internal signal(s). Therefore, a maximum of four modulation sources may be available at one time. These sources may be combined to give the single, dual, composite and dual composite modes.

The signalling facility allows testing of radio equipment with sequential and sub-audible tone capability. The sequential calling tone system is accessible from the utility menu for all four modulation modes. Sub-audible calling tones are specified within the modulation source select display.

Incrementing

All major parameters can be incremented or decremented in step sizes entered via keyboard entry or the GPIB. If no step size is entered for a parameter, the steps are preset to 1 kHz for carrier frequency, 1 kHz for modulation oscillator and LF frequency, 1 kHz for FM deviation, 1% for AM depth and 1 dB for output level.

In addition the rotary control can be used to vary the parameter with the sensitivity of the

knob being changed by means of the ×10 and ÷10 keys.

Sweep

The sweep capability of the 2040 series allows comprehensive testing of systems. Four parameters are used to specify sweep; start, stop, number of steps and time per step. These are specified by the user, with upper and lower limits for the parameter values being dependent on the function. The sweep markers menu is available by soft key selection on the sweep display, allowing the placement of up to five user defined markers.

Non-volatile memory

The non-volatile memory allows 50 complete instrument settings, 50 partial settings, 100

carrier frequency settings, 20 sweep settings and 20 signalling tone sequences to be stored for later use at any time.

1-3

GENERAL INFORMATION

Programming

A GPIB interface is fitted so that all functions are controllable via the interface bus which is designed to the IEEE Standard 488.2. The instrument can function both as a talker and a listener.

Software protection

To prevent accidental interference with the contents of internal memories, internal data is protected by a secure key sequence.

Two levels of protection are offered, appropriate to the function being accessed. The most secure is reserved for features which alter the calibration data of the instrument.

Spectral purity

With an SSB phase noise performance of better than -140 dBc/Hz at 1 GHz (20 kHz offset), the 2040 series can be used for both in-channel and adjacent channel receiver measurements. Harmonically related signals and non-harmonics are better than -30 dBc and

-90 dBc respectively.

Calibration

The 2040 series has a recommended two year calibration interval and is calibrated entirely by electronically controlled adjustment. There are no internal mechanically adjustable components to affect the calibration. The calibration display is available via soft key selection at the utilities menu.

adjuatment. The calibration due date can be set and when this date is reached a message advises the operator to return the unit for calibration.

Date stamping

After readjustment the instrum

ent updates the calibration data and records the date of

Options

The following factory-fitted options are available:

oscillator has the same specification as the first and allows full use of complex modulation modes.

and fall tim

Landing Systems (ILS) and VHF Omni Range (VOR) beacons.

Option 001 - Second modulation oscillator

An additional modulation oscillator is available to enable greater flexibility. This second

Option 002 - Pulse modulation

The pulse modulation facility allows radar RF and IF stages to be tested and features rise

es of less than 25 ns with an on/off ratio of better than 70 dB.

Option 003 - High output power

This option extends the output level to +19 dBm on the 2040 m

Option 006 - Avionics

Provides internally generated modulation waveforms suitable for the testing of Instrument

odel.

1-4

GENERAL INFORMATION

Option 008 - RF profiles and complex sweep

The RF profile facility provides compensation for frequency dependent level errors

introduced by cables, amplifiers and signal combiners. The complex sweep facility generates sweeps whose step size, step time and RF level change while the sweep is in progress. These features are particularly useful for EMC, Tempest and ATE applications.

Option 012 - Electronic attenuator

Designed to meet demanding extended life requirements for repetitive switching, such as

are found in high volume production applications.

Option 105 - Modified pulse modulator

Modifies the pulse modulator (Option 002) to provide a slower rise and fall time for

testing time domain duplex and time domain multiple access receivers.

Option 112 - EXT MOD 2 INPUT 600 Ω

The EXT MOD 2 INPUT socket has a 600 Ω input impedance in place of 100 kΩ.

5000

SSB Phase

Noise (dBc/Hz)

-100

-110

-120

-130

-140

-150

-160

-90

Performance at 1 GHz

0.1 0.3

3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 10000

Offset (kHz)Carrier Frequency (MHz)

C0501

SSB Phase

Noise (dBc/Hz)

-100

-110

-120

-130

-140

-150

-160 10 20

1 kHz offset

20 kHz offset

100 200

500

1000 2000

Fig. 1-1 Typical phase noise performance of 2040 series

1-5

GENERAL INFORMATION

PERFORMANCE DATA

Carrier frequency

Range 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz (2040);

10 kHz to 2.7 GHz (2041); 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz (2042).

Overrange Selectable overrange mode allows uncalibrated levels up to

+19 dBm to be generated (typically up to +25 dBm for 2040 with Option 3 fitted).

Selectable extended hysteresis provided for uncalibrated RF level control with up to 24 dB range without level interruption..

Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 11 digits with annunciators. Resolution 0.1 Hz. Accuracy As frequency standard. Phase incrementing The carrier phase can be advanced or retarded in steps of π/128

radians (approximately 1.4°) using the rotary control.

RF OUTPUT

Range -144 dBm to +13 dBm.

When AM is selected the maximum output level reduces linearly

with AM depth to +7 dBm at maximum AM depth. Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Units may be μV, mV, V EMF or PD; dB relative to

1 μV, 1 mV EMF or PD; dBm. Conversion between dB an

voltage units may be achieved by pressing the appropriate units

key (dB, or V, mV, μV). Indication 4 digits with unit annunciators. Resolution 0.1 dB.

1-6

GENERAL INFORMATION

Accuracy At 22 ±5 °C ambient:

Carrier frequency range

Output level

> =0 dBm ±0.5 dB ±0.7 dB ±1 dB

> −100 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1 dB ±1.5 dB > −127 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1.0 dB -

Temperature

stability

°C)

(dB/

<1.35 GHz <2.7 GHz <5.4 GHz

±0.005 ±0.01 ±0.02

VSWR For output levels less than 0 dBm:

Less than 1.25:1 to 2.2 GHz;

Less than 1.4:1 to 2.7 GHz;

Less than 1.5:1 to 5.4 GHz. Output protection An electronic trip protects the generator output against reverse

power of up to 50 W from a source VSWR of up to 5:1. Output connector 50 Ω nominal, N-type female socket.

NOISE MODES

Three noise modes are offered, with the following characteristics:

Low noise mode 1 Lowest phase noise with a restricted FM deviation capability an

reduced AM bandwidth Low noise mode 2 Low phase noise with a restricted FM deviation capability and

full AM bandwidth Normal mode Full FM deviation capability and AM bandwidth

SPECTRAL PURITY

At RF levels up to +7 dBm :

Harmonics 2040, 2041:

Better than -30 dBc to 1 GHz;

Better than -27 dBc above1 GHz.

2042:

Better than -30 dBc to 1 GHz;

Better than -27 dBc to 1.35 GHz;

Better than -25 dBc above 1.35 GHz. Sub-harmonics Better than -90 dBc to 1.35 GHz,

Better than -40 dBc to 2.3 GHz,

Better than -30 dBc to 5.4 GHz. Non-harmonics

(offsets greater than 3 kHz)

In low noise modes: Better than -70 dBc up to 21.09375 MHz;

better than -90 dBc from 21.09375 MHz

to 2.7 GHz;

and better than -84 dBc above 2.7 GHz.

In normal mode: Better than -70 dBc.

1-7

GENERAL INFORMATION

Residual FM (FM off) Low noise mode: Less than 0.3 Hz RMS deviation in a 300 Hz to

3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at 1 GHz.

Normal mode: Less than 7 Hz RMS deviation in a 300 Hz to

3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at 470 MHz.

SSB phase noise

SSB phase noise in dBc/Hz

at offset frequencies of:

Carrier

frequency

range

<1.35 GHz −75 −115 −140

<675 MHz −81 −121 −140 <337.5 MHz −87 −121 −140 <168.7 MHz −92 −127 −143

<84.3 MHz −96 −131 −143

<42.1 MHz −96 −131 −143

<21 MHz −82 −127 −140

100 Hz 1 kHz 20 kHz & above

RF leakage Less than 0.5 μV PD generated at the carrier frequency by a two

turn 25 mm loop, 25 mm or more from any part of the case.

FM on AM Typically less than 100 Hz for 30% AM depth at a modulation

frequency of 1 kHz and a carrier frequency of 500 MHz.

ΦM on AM Typically less than 0.1 radians at a carrier frequency of 500 MHz

for 30% AM depth for modulation rates up to 10 kHz.

MODULATION MODES Four modulation modes are available:

Single FM, Wideband FM, ΦM, AM or pulse (optional). Dual Two independent channels of differing modulation type (e.g. AM

with FM).

Composite Two independent channels of the same modulation type. (e.g.

FM1 with FM2).

Dual composite A combination of Dual and Composite modes providing fou

independent channels (e.g. AM1 with AM2 and FM1 with FM2).

1-8

GENERAL INFORMATION

FREQUENCY MODULATION

Deviation Peak deviation available varies with carrier frequency and

noise mode as follows:

Maximum FM deviation available

Carrier frequency range Normal mode Deviation limit

2.7 GHz - 5.4 GHz 27 - 54 MHz* 200.0 kHz

1.35 GHz - 2.7 GHz 13.5 - 27 MHz* 100.0 kHz

675 MHz - 1.35 GHz 6.75 - 13.5 MHz* 50.0 kHz

337.5 MHz - 675 MHz 3.375 - 6.75 MHz* 25.0 kHz

168.75 MHz - 337.5 MHz 1.687 - 3.375 MHz* 12.5 kHz

84.375 MHz - 168.75 MHz 843 - 1687 MHz* 6.25 kHz

42.1875 MHz - 84.375 MHz 421 - 843 MHz* 3.125 kHz

21.09375 MHz - 42.1875 MHz 210 - 421 MHz* 1.56 kHz 10 kHz - 21.09375 MHz 1 MHz 6.25 kHz

*Maximum FM deviation available is 1% of carrier frequency value when in normal noise mode.

Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 3 digits with annunciators. Displayed resolution 1 Hz or 1 least significant digit, whichever is greater. Accuracy at 1 kHz In low noise mode: ±6% of indication ±1 Hz excluding residual

FM. In normal noise mode: ±5% of indication ±10 Hz excluding

residual FM.

1 dB bandwidth

3 dB bandwidth

DC to 300 kHz (DC coupled). 10 Hz to 300 kHz (AC coupled). Bandwidth is limited to 100 kHz in low noise mode.

Typically greater than 1 MHz. Capable of accepting external sources of FSK signals.

Carrier frequency offset In DC FM mode less than ±(1 Hz + 0.1% of set deviation) after

using DC FM nulling facility.

Distortion Using external modulation without ALC:

Less than 3% at maximum deviation for modulation frequencies up to 20 kHz. Less than 0.3% at 10% of maximum deviation for modulation

frequencies up to 20 kHz. Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets. Group delay Less than 1μs, 3 kHz to 500 kHz in normal mode.

Less than 3 μs, 3 kHz to 250 kHz in low noise mode.

1-9

GENERAL INFORMATION

WIDEBAND FM

Deviation As FM. Indication 3 digits with annunciators. Selection By keyboard entry of data. The sensitivity is controlled in 3 dB

steps and the display will indicate the value of deviation nearest

to the requested value. Input level 1 V RMS sine wave to achieve indicated deviation. Accuracy As FM. 3 dB bandwidth In normal noise mode typically 10 MHz (DC or AC coupled).

In low noise modes typically 250 kHz (DC or AC coupled). Modulation source External via rear panel socket (50Ω impedance).

Group delay Less than 0.5 μs, 3 kHz to 10 MHz.

PHASE MODULATION

(Normal mode only)

Deviation 0 to 10 radians. Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 3 digits with annunciators. Resolution 0.01 radians. Accuracy at 1 kHz Better than ±5% of indicated deviation excluding residual phase

modulation. 3 dB bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz. Distortion Less than 3% at maximum deviation at 1 kHz modulation rate. Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets.

AMPLITUDE MODULATION

For carrier frequencies up to 1 GHz:

Range 0 to 99.9%. Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 3 digits with annunciator. Resolution 0.1 %. Accuracy ±4% of setting ±1%.

1-10

GENERAL INFORMATION

1 dB bandwidth In normal and low noise mode 2:

With modulation ALC off; DC to 30 kHz in DC coupled mode

and 10 Hz to 30 kHz in AC coupled mode. Typical modulation

bandwidth exceeds 50 kHz.

In low noise mode 1:

With modulation ALC off; usable from DC to 1.5 kHz in DC

coupled mode and 10 Hz to 1.5 kHz in AC coupled mode. Distortion For a modulation rate of 1 kHz:

Less than 1% total harmonic distortion for depths up to 30%.

Less than 3% total harmonic distortion for depths up to 80%. Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets.

MODULATION OSCILLATOR

Frequency range 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz (sine wave). Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 7 digits with annunciators. Resolution 0.1 Hz. Frequency accuracy As frequency standard. Distortion Less than 0.1% THD in sine wave mode at frequencies up to

20 kHz. Alternative waveforms A triangular wave is available for frequencies up to 100 kHz. A

square wave is available for frequencies up to 2 kHz. Signalling tones The modulation oscillator can be used to generate sequential (up

to 16 tones) or sub-audible tones in accordance with EIA, ZVEI,

DZVEI, CCIR, EURO 1, EEA, NATEL and DTMF*

standards. Facilities are also available for creating and storing

user defined tone systems.

*Requires second modulation oscillator (Option 001) to be fitted.

EXTERNAL MODULATION

Two independent inputs on the front panel with BNC connectors,

EXT MOD 1 and EXT MOD 2. The modulation is calibrate

with 1 V RMS sine wave applied. Input impedance 100 kΩ

nominal.

MODULATION ALC The EXT MOD 1 and EXT MOD 2 INPUTS can each be levelle

by an ALC system. Level range 0.7 V RMS to 1.4 V RMS sine wave. Distortion

Less than 0.1% additional distortion for frequencies up to 20 kHz

(typically less than 0.1% up to 50 kHz). 1 dB bandwidth Typically 10 Hz to 500 kHz.

1-11

GENERAL INFORMATION

LF OUTPUT Front panel BNC connector. The output may be configured in

either LF Generator Mode to give an output from the internal

modulation oscillator or in LF Monitor Mode to give an output

from the internal modulation signal paths. Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary

control. Indication 7 digits with unit annunciators for frequency and 4 digits with

unit annunciators for level. Level 100 μV to 5 V RMS with a load impedance of greater than

600 Ω.

100 μV to 1.4 V RMS with a load impedance of greater than

50 Ω. Common mode voltage ±0.5 V maximum.

Source impedance 5.6 Ω nominal. Level accuracy at 1 kHz With a load impedance of greater than 10 kΩ:

±5% for levels above 50 mV and ±10% for levels from 500 μV to

50 mV. Frequency response Typically better than ±1 dB from 0.1 Hz to 300 kHz.

SWEEP

Not available in low noise mode.

Control modes Start/stop values of selected parameter;

Number of steps;

Time per step. Step time 1 ms to 10 s per step. Sweep ramp Synchronized analogue ramp with an amplitude of nominally 0 V

to 10 V peak on rear panel BNC connector. Markers 5 user-selectable markers for frequency or level provide an

indication when specified parameter values have been reached.

Output 0 V to +5 V from 600 Ω on rear panel BNC socket. Trigger Rear panel BNC connector. Applying 0 V or a switch closure

starts the sweep or steps the sweep from point to point. Socket is

internally connected via 10 kΩ pull-up resistor to +5 V.

1-12

GENERAL INFORMATION

FREQUENCY STANDARD (OCXO)

Frequency 10 MHz. Temperature stability Better than ±5 in 108 over the operating range of 0 to 50°C. Warm-up time Within 2 in 107of final frequency within 10 minutes from switch

on at 20°C ambient. Aging rate Better than 2 in 107 per year. Output Rear panel BNC socket provides an output at frequencies of 1, 5

or 10 MHz with a nominal 2 V pk-pk level into 50 Ω. External input Rear panel BNC socket accepts an input at frequencies of 1, 5 o

10 MHz with an input level of 220 mV to 1.8 V RMS into 1 kΩ.

GPIB INTERFACE A GPIB interface is fitted. All functions except the supply switch

are remotely programmable.

Capabilities Complies with the following subsets as defined in IEEE Std.

488.1: SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, C0,

E2.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

Conforms with the protection requirements of the EEC Council

Directive 2004/108/EC.

Conforms with the limits specified in the following standards:

IEC/EN61326-1 : 1997 + A1 : 1998 + A2 : 2001 + A3 : 2003, RF

Emission Class B,

Immunity Table 1, Performance Criterion B

SAFETY Conforms with the requirements of EEC Council Directive

2006/95/EC (as amended) and the product safety standar

IEC/EN 61010-1 : 2001 + C1 : 2002 + C2 : 2003 for Class 1

portable equipment, for use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment.

The instrument is designed to operate from an Installation

Category 2 supply.

UL 1244 approved.

RATED RANGE OF USE

(Over which full specification is met).

Temperature 0 to 55°C. Humidity Up to 93% at 40°C.

CONDITIONS OF STORAGE AND TRANSPORT

Temperature -40°C to +71°C. Humidity Up to 93% relative humidity at 40°C. Altitude Up to 4600 m (15,000 ft).

1-13

GENERAL INFORMATION

POWER REQUIREMENTS

AC supply Four voltage settings covering 100 V~ (limit 90–115 V~)

120 V~ (limit 105–132 V~)

220 V~ (limit 188–242 V~)

240 V~ (limit 216–264 V~)

Frequency: 50–400 Hz (limit 45 Hz–440 Hz) 180 VA max.

CALIBRATION

2 years.

INTERVAL

DIMENSIONS AND

(Over projections but excluding front panel handles).

WEIGHT

Height Width Depth Weight

152 mm 425 mm 525 mm 21 kg

6.0 in 16.6 in 20.5 in 46 lb

OPTIONS SECOND MODULATION

Specification as Modulation Oscillator.

OSCILLATOR OPTION (OPTION 1)

PULSE MODULATION OPTION (OPTION 2)

Modulation modes Pulse modulation may be used alone or in conjunction with FM,

ΦM or Wideband FM. Rise time Less than 25 ns. Control 0 to + 1 V for carrier off, +3.5 to + 5 V for carrier on. ON/OFF ratio Better than 70 dB, typically exceeds 80 dB. Additional level error Less than ±0.5 dB. Propagation delay Typically 80 ns from PULSE INPUT to RF OUTPUT. Input impedance 50 Ω nominal.

SLOW RISE TIME PULSE MODULATION OPTION (OPTION 105)

Modifies pulse modulation option for a typical rise and fall time

of 2 μs.

1-14

GENERAL INFORMATION

+19 dBm RF OUTPUT LEVEL OPTION (OPTION 3)

For 2040 model only.

RF output range

-144 dBm to +19 dBm.

When AM is selected the maximum output level reduces linearly

with AM depth to +13 dBm at maximum AM depth.

Overrrange allows levels up to +25 dBm to be requested. Harmonics

At RF levels up to +7 dBm:

Better than -27 dBc.

AVIONICS OPTION (OPTION 6)

RF PROFILES AND COMPLEX SWEEP OPTION (OPTION 8)

See Annex A.

See Annex B.

ELECTRONIC ATTENUATOR OPTION (OPTION 12)

Carrier frequency range 250 kHz* to 1.35 GHz (2040),

250 kHz* to 2.7 GHz (2041).

*Usable to 10 kHz. RF output range -138 dBm to +10 dBm. When AM is selected the maximum

output level reduces linearly with AM depth to +4 dBm at

maximum AM depth. Accuracy ±1.2 dB for output levels >-127 dBm at 22°C ±5°C. Temperature stability ±0.01 dB/°C. VSWR <1.5:1 for output levels less than 0 dBm. Reverse power handling 1 W from a source VSWR of up to 5:1. Amplitude modulation Standard specification applies for carrier frequencies above

50 MHz (above 100 MHz for Option 6).

1-15

GENERAL INFORMATION

VERSIONS, OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES

When ordering please quote the full ordering number information.

Ordering numbers Versions

2040 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz Signal Generator. 2041 10 kHz to 2.7 GHz Signal Generator. 2042 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz Signal Generator.

Options

Options are factory fitted only and must be specified at the time

Option 001 Second internal modulation oscillator. Option 002 Pulse modulation. Option 003 output level (2040 only). Option 006 Avionics (requires Option 001, not available with Option 003). Option 008 RF profile and complex sweep. Option 012 Electronic attenuator (2040 and 2041 only), not available with

Option 105 Modifies the pulse modulator option for slower rise and fall time Option 112 External modulation inputs (2), 600 Ω.

- AC supply lead (see ‘Power Cords' in Chapter 2).

46882/074 Operating manual (this manual) for 2040 series.

46880/050 Service manual (for 2040 series). 43126/012 RF connector cable, 50 Ω, 1.5 m, BNC. 54311/092 59999/163 54311/095 RF connector cable, 1 m, N-type connectors. 43129/189 GPIB lead assembly. 46883/408 IEEE/IEC adapter block for GPIB socket. 46884/291 Rack mounting kit (with slides) for rack cabinets with depths

46884/292 Rack mounting kit (with slides) for rack cabinets with depths 46884/541 Rack mounting kit containing front mounting brackets only.

46884/444 Maintenance kit for 2040 series. 46662/525 Transit case (aluminium). 54112/164 Soft carrying case.

of ordering.

Option 003).

(order with Option 002).

Supplied accessories

Optional accessories

Coaxial adapter N-type male to BNC female.

Precision co-axial adapter, N-type male to SMA female.

from 480 mm to 680 mm.

from 680 mm to 840 mm.

54499/044 DECT filter.

1-16

EC Declaration of Conformity

Certificate Ref. No.: DC218

The undersigned, representing:

Manufacturer:

Address:

Herewith declares that the product:

Equipment Description:

Model No.

Options:

is in conformity with the following EC directive(s) (including all applicable amendments)

Reference No.

2006/95/EC

2004/108/EC

and that the standards and/or technical specifications referenced below have been applied:

Aeroflex International Ltd.

Longacres House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK SG1 2AN

Signal Generators

2030, 2031, 2032, 2040, 2041 and 2042

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 100, 101, 102, 105, 110 and 112

Title:

Low Voltage Directive

EMC Directive

Safety:

IEC/EN61010-1 : 2001 + C1 : 2002 + C2 : 2003

EMC:

IEC/EN 61326-1:1997 + A1 : 1998 + A2 : 2001 + A3 : 2003

RF Emission Class B, Immunity Table 1 and Performance Criterion B

Qualifying Notes:

Aeroflex Stevenage

Richard Dickens — Quality Manager

(Place)

(Signature)

3 April 2007

(Date)

1-17

CONTENTS

PAGE

INITIAL VISUAL INSPECTION............................................................................ 2-2

MOUNTING ARRANGEMENTS........................................................................... 2-2

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS...................................................................... 2-2

Ventilation .................................................................................................... 2-2

Class I power cords (3-core)......................................................................... 2-2

GOODS-IN CHECKS .............................................................................................. 2-5

CONNECTING TO SUPPLY .................................................................................. 2-5

Voltage selector ............................................................................................ 2-6

Fuses ............................................................................................................. 2-6

GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS (GPIB)................................................. 2-6

GPIB cable connection ................................................................................. 2-6

GPIB connector contact assignments ........................................................... 2-7

IEEE to IEC conversion................................................................................ 2-7

Interface bus connection............................................................................... 2-8

RACK MOUNTING................................................................................................. 2-8

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE................................................................................... 2-8

Safety testing and inspection ........................................................................ 2-8

BATTERY REPLACEMENT.................................................................................. 2-10

CLEANING.............................................................................................................. 2-10

Cleaning the LCD window ........................................................................... 2-10

PUTTING INTO STORAGE.................................................................................... 2-10

Chapter 2

INSTALLATION

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 2-1 AC connector showing voltage selector and fuse holders ......................... 2-6

Fig. 2-2 GPIB connector contact assignments (viewed from rear of instrument)... 2-7

Fig. 2-3 IEEE to IEC conversion............................................................................. 2-7

2-1

INSTALLATION

WARNING - INITIAL VISUAL INSPECTION

After unpacking the instrument, inspect the shipping container and its cushioning material

for signs of stress or damage. If damage is identified, retain the packing material for examination by the carrier in the event that a claim is made. Examine the instrument for signs of damage; do not connect the instrument to a supply when damage is present, internal electrical damage could result in shock if the instrument is turned on.

MOUNTING ARRANGEMENTS

Excessive temperatures may affect the performance of the instrument. Completely remove the plastic cover, if one is supplied over the case, and avoid standing the instrument on or close to other equipment which is hot.

CAUTION - INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS Ventilation

This instrument is forced air cooled by a fan mounted on the rear panel. Air must be

allowed to circulate freely through the ventilator grills located on the side and underside of the instrument. Before switching on the instrument, ensure that the air outlet on the rear panel is not restricted (i.e. clearance of at least 75 mm at the rear, 25 mm at each side, 15 mm on the underside). Failure to provide adequate clearances will increase internal temperatures and reduce the instrument reliability, so its performance may not meet specification.

Class I power cords (3-core)

General

When the equipment has to be plugged into a Class II (ungrounded) 2-terminal socket

outlet, the cable should either be fitted with a 3-pin Class I plug and used in conjunction with an adapter incorporating a ground wire, or be fitted with a Class II plug with an integral ground wire. The ground wire must be securely fastened to ground. Grounding one terminal on a 2-terminal socket will not provide adequate protection.

In the event that a moulded plug has to be removed from a lead, it must be disposed of

immediately. A plug with bare flexible cords is hazardous if engaged in a live socket outlet.

Power cords with the following terminations are available from Aeroflex. Please check

with your local sales office for availability.

This equipment is provided with a 3-wire (grounded) cordset which includes a moulded

IEC 320 connector for connection to the equipment. The cable must be fitted with an approved plug which, when plugged into an appropriate 3-terminal socket outlet, grounds the case of the equipment. Failure to ground the equipment may expose the operator to hazardous voltage levels. Depending upon the destination country, the colour coding of the wires will differ:

North America Harmonised

Line (Live) Black Brown Neutral White Blue Ground (Earth) Green Green/Yellow

2-2

British

1363.

INSTALLATION

Country IEC 320 plug type Part number

United Kingdom Straight through 23422-001 United Kingdom Right angled 23422-002

The UK lead is fitted with an ASTA approved moulded plug to BS

A replaceable 13 A fuse to BS 1362 is contained within the plug.

This fuse is only designed to protect the lead assembly. Never use the plug with the detachable fuse cover omitted or if the cover is damaged.

The fuse(s) or circuit breaker to protect the equipment is fitted at

the back of the equipment.

North American

Country IEC 320 plug type Part number

North

Straight through 23422-004

American North

Right angled 23422-005

American

The North American lead is fitted with a NEMA 5-15P (Canadian

CS22.2 No 42) plug and carries approvals from UL and CSA for use in the USA and Canada.

Continental Europe

Country IEC 320 plug type Part number

Europe Straight through 23422-006 Europe Right angled 23422-007

EARTH

NEUTRAL

LIVE

UNITED KINGDOM

NEUTRAL

U.S./CANADA/KOREA

EARTH

NEUTRAL

EARTH

CONTINENTAL

EUROPE

C3510

EARTH

LIVE

C3511

LIVE

C3512

The Continental European lead is fitted with a right angle IEC83 standard C4 plug (CEE

7/7) which allows it to be used in sockets with either a male earth pin (standard C 3b) or side earth clips (standard C 2b) the latter is commonly called the German ‘Schuko’ plug. In common with other Schuko style plugs, the plug is not polarized when fitted into a Schuko socket. The lead carries approvals for use in Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Norway and Sweden. Note that this plug will not fit Italian standard CEI 23-16 outlets. The lead should not be used in Denmark given that the earth connection will not be made.

2-3

INSTALLATION

Français

Le câble d'alimentation d'Europe Continentale est muni d'un connecteur mâle à angle

droit type CEI83, standard C4 (CEE 7/7), qui peut être utilisé dans une prise femelle à ergot de terre (standard C 3b) ou à clips latéraux (standard C 2b), cette dernière étant communément appelée prise “Schuko” allemande. De la même façon que les autres connecteurs de type Schuko, celui-ci n'est pas polarisé lorsqu'il s'adapte à une prise femelle Schuko. Ce câble d'alimentation est homologué en Allemagne, Autriche, Belgique, Finlande, France, Hollande, Italie, Norvège et Suède. A noter que ce connecteur n'est pas compatible avec les prises de courant italiennes au standard CEI 23-16. Ce câble ne doit pas être utilisé au Danemark à cause du défaut de connexion de masse.

Deutsch

Das kontinentaleuropäische Netzkabel ist mit einem rechtwinkeligen Stecker nach IEC83

C4 (CEE7/7) Standard versehen, welcher sowohl in Steckdosen mit Erde-Stift (Standard C 3b) oder seitlichen Erdeklemmen, im allgemeinen “Schukosteckdose” genannt, paßt. Üblicherweise ist der Schukostecker bei Verwendung in Schukosteckdosen nicht gepolt. Dieses Netzkabel besitzt Zulassung für Österreich, Belgien, Finnland, Frankreich, Deutschland, Holland, Italien, Norwegen und Schweden.

Hinweis: Dieser Schukostecker paßt nicht in die italienischen Standardsteckdosen nach

CEI 23-16 Norm. Dieses Netzkabel sollte nicht in Dänemark verwendet werden, da hier keine Erdeverbindung hergestellt wird.

Español

El cable de alimentación tipo Europeo Continental dispone de una clavija C4 normalizada

IEC83 (CEE 7/7) que permite su utilización tanto en bases de enchufe con toma de tierra macho (tipo C 3b) o con toma de tierra mediante contactos laterales (tipo C 2b) que, en este último caso, suele denominarse “Schuko”. Al igual que cualquier otra clavija tipo Schuko, las conexiones a red no están polarizadas cuando se conectan a una base tipo Schuko. El cable lleva autorización para su uso en Austria, Bélgica, Finlandia, Francia, Alemania, Holanda, Italia, Noruega y Suecia. Observe que este cable no se adapta a la norma italiana CEI 23-16. El cable no debe utilizarse en Dinamarca en el caso de no efectuarse conexión a tierra.

Italiano

I cavi d'alimentazione per l'Europa continentale vengono forniti terminati con una spina

ad angolo retto del tipo C4 secondo lo standard IEC83 (CEE 7/7) che può essere usato in prese in cui la terra può essere fornita o tramite connettore maschio (C 3b) o tramite clips laterali (C 2b), quest'ultima comunemente detta di tipo tedesca “Schuko”. Questa spina, quando collegata ad una presa Schuko, non è polarizzata.

Il cavo può essere usato in Austria, Belgio, Finlandia, Francia, Germania, Olanda,

Norvegia, Svezia ed Italia. E' da notare che per l'Italia questo non risponde allo standard CEI 23-16.

2-4

INSTALLATION

GOODS-IN CHECKS

The following goods-in checks verify that the instrument is functioning correctly, but

does not verify conformance to the listed specification. To verify that the instrument conforms to the specification given in Chapter 1, refer to Chapter 5-1, ‘Acceptance testing’

1 Inspect the shipping container and instrument for any signs of damage. If damage is evident, do not plug in, turn on or attempt to operate the instrument. Repackage it and return it to Aeroflex.

2 Verify that your order is complete, including any accessories and options that you may have ordered.

3 Check that the setting of the voltage selector switch matches the supply voltage available at the installation site. The voltage selector is an integral part of the supply connector, located on the rear panel of the instrument. If different, refer to Voltage selector section and Fig. 2-1 for information on settings.

4 Check that the correct fuse(s) are fitted and correspond to your supply voltage. If different, replace with the same type and rating as marked adjacent to the supply connector (fuse(s) integral to supply connector: see Fuses section and Fig. 2-1 for guidance).

5 Switch on the instrument and check that a display is present. 6 If the instrument appears to be completely dead, carry out the following: Check that the mains power supply line is providing power to the instrument.

Check that the mains fuse(s) have not blown.

CONNECTING TO SUPPLY

The instrument is a Safety Class 1 product and therefore must be earthed. Use the

supplied power cord or an appropriate replacement. Make sure that the instrument is plugged into an outlet socket with a protective earth contact.

Disconnecting device

The detachable power cord is the instrument’s disconnecting device, but if the instrument

is integrated into a rack or system, an external power switch or circuit breaker may be required. Whatever the disconnecting device, make sure that you can reach it easily and that it is accessible at all times.

Before connecting the instrument to the AC supply, check the setting of the

voltage selector switch which is an integral part of the supply connector at the rear of the instrument.

2-5

INSTALLATION

Voltage selector

The selected voltage is displayed in a window at the top of the connector. The instrument is normally despatched with the selector set to 240 V. To select another voltage, insert a screwdriver into the slot at the top of the moulding and twist slightly so that the cover is free to hinge downwards. Rotate the barrel so that the correct setting is displayed, see Fig. 2-1.

Setting Voltage range limit

100 V 90 - 115 V 120 V 105 - 132 V 220 V 188 - 242 V 240 V 216 - 265 V

Fuses

The correct fuse rating for each voltage setting is as follows: 100 V to 120 V, TT1.6AL250V (1.6 amp double time lag) 220 V to 240 V, TT1AL250V (1 amp double time lag) Fuses are cartridge type measuring 20 mm x 5 mm.

Fig. 2-1 AC connector showing voltage selector and fuse holders

GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS (GPIB)

The GPIB interface built into the 2040 Series enables the signal generators to be remotely controlled to form part of an automatic measuring system.

GPIB cable connection

Connection to other equipment which has a 24-way connector to IEEE Standard 488 is made using the rear panel GPIB socket. For this purpose, the GPIB cable assembly, available as an optional accessory, (see Chap. 1 'Accessories') may be used.

2-6

INSTALLATION

GPIB connector contact assignments

The contact assignments of the GPIB cable connector and the device connector are as

shown in Fig. 2-2.

Contact Function Contact Function

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Data I/O 1 Data I/O 2 Data I/O 3 Data I/O 4 EOI DAV NRFD NDAC IFC SRQ ATN Ground shield

12 1

24 13

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

DataI/O 5 DataI/O 6 DataI/O 7 DataI/O 8 REN Pair with 6 Pair with 7 Pair with 8 Pair with 9 Pair with 10 Pair with 11 Logic ground

Fig. 2-2 GPIB connector contact assignments (viewed from rear of instrument)

IEEE to IEC conversion

An optional IEEE to IEC adapter is also available (see Chap. 1 'Accessories') for interfacing with systems using a 25-way bus connector to IEC Recommendation 625. The method of use is shown in Fig. 2-3.

INSTRUMENT (IEE CONNECTOR)

IEEE to IEC ADAPTER

46883-408K

IEEE LEAD

IEC LEAD

EQUIPMENT

WITH IEEE

CONNECTOR

EQUIPMENT

WITH IEC

CONNECTOR

C0032

Fig. 2-3 IEEE to IEC conversion

2-7

INSTALLATION

Interface bus connection

The cables for the interface bus use special male-female connectors at both ends. This allows several connectors to be stacked one on top of another permitting several cables to be connected to the same source and secured by a lockscrew mechanism. Too large a stack, however, may form a cantilevered structure which might cause damage and should be avoided. The piggyback arrangement permits star or linear interconnection between the devices with the restriction that the total cable length for the system must be:-

(1) No greater than 20 m (65 ft).

(2) No greater than 2 m (6 ft) times the total number of devices (including the

controller) connected to the bus.

RACK MOUNTING

The instrument, which is normally supplied for bench mounting, may be mounted in a standard 19 inch rack (see 'Optional accessories'). There are two slide rack mounting kits to accommodate different depths of cabinet. These kits include full fitting instructions. A rack mounting kit without slides is also available which contains front panel mounting brackets only.

CAUTION - ROUTINE MAINTENANCE Safety testing and inspection

In the UK, the ‘Electricity at Work Regulations’ (1989) section 4 (2) places a requirement on the users of equipment to maintain it in a safe condition. The explanatory notes call for regular inspections and tests together with a need to keep records.

The following electrical tests and inspection information is provided for guidance purposes and involves the use of voltages and currents that can cause injury. It is important that these tests are only performed by competent personnel.

Prior to carrying out any inspection and tests, the instruments must be disconnected from the mains supply and all external signal connections removed. All tests should include the instrument’s own supply lead, all covers must be fitted and the equipment supply switch must be in the ‘ON’ position.

The recommended inspection and tests fall into three categories and should be carried out in the following sequence:-

1. Visual inspection

2. Earth bonding tests

3. Insulation resistance test

1. Visual inspection

A visual inspection should be carried out on a periodic basis. This interval is dependent on the operating environment, maintenance and use, and should be assessed in accordance with guidelines issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). As a guide, this instrument when used indoors in a relatively clean environment would be classified as ‘low risk’ equipment and hence should be subject to safety inspections on an annual basis. If the use of the equipment is contrary to the conditions specified, you should review the safety re-test interval.

2-8

INSTALLATION

As a guide, the visual inspection should include the following where appropriate:

Check that the equipment has been installed in accordance with the instructions provided (e.g. that ventilation is adequate, supply isolators are accessible, supply wiring is adequate and properly routed).

The condition of the mains supply lead and supply connector(s).

Check that the mains supply switch isolates the instrument from the supply.

The correct rating and type of supply fuses.

Security and condition of covers and handles.

Check the supply indicator functions (if fitted).

Check the presence and condition of all warning labels and markings and supplied safety information.

Check the wiring in re-wireable plugs and appliance connectors.

If any defect is noted this should be rectified before proceeding with the following electrical tests.

2. Earth bonding tests

Earth bonding tests should be carried out using a 25 A (12 V maximum open circuit voltage) DC source. Tests should be limited to a maximum duration of 5 seconds and have a pass limit of 0.1 Ω after allowing for the resistance of the supply lead. Exceeding the test duration can cause damage to the equipment. The tests should be carried out between the supply earth and exposed case metalwork, no attempt should be made to perform the tests on functional earths (e.g. signal carrying connector shells or screen connections) as this will result in damage to the equipment.

3. Insulation tests

A 500 V DC test should be applied between the protective earth connection and combined live and neutral supply connections with the equipment supply switch in the ‘on’ position. It is advisable to make the live/neutral link on the appliance tester or its connector to avoid the possibility of returning the equipment to the user with the live and neutral poles linked with an ad-hoc strap. The test voltage should be applied for 5 seconds before taking the measurement.

Aeroflex employs reinforced insulation in the construction of its products and hence a minimum pass limit of 7 MΩ should be achieved during this test.

Where a DC power adapter is provided with the equipment, the adapter must pass the 7 MΩ test limit.

We do not recommend dielectric flash testing during routine safety tests. Most portable appliance testers use AC for the dielectric strength test which can cause damage to the supply input filter capacitors.

4. Rectification

It is recommended that the results of the above tests are recorded and checked during each repeat test. Significant differences between the previous readings and measured values should be investigated.

If any failure is detected during the above visual inspection or tests, the equipment should be disabled and the fault should be rectified by an experienced Service Engineer who is familiar with the hazards involved in carrying out such repairs.

2-9

INSTALLATION

Safety critical components should only be replaced with equivalent parts, using techniques and procedures recommended by Aeroflex.

The above information is provided for guidance only. Aeroflex designs and constructs its products in accordance with International Safety Standards such that in normal use they represent no hazard to the operator. Aeroflex reserves the right to amend the above information in the course of its continuing commitment to product safety.

BATTERY REPLACEMENT

The instrument contains a realtime clock which is powered by a lithium battery when the normal power is removed. Although battery life can extend to five years, this will depend on conditions of use, e.g. battery life is reduced as the temperature is increased. To avoid loss of data it is recommended that the battery is replaced every two years.

Replace the battery as follows:

Ensure that the instrument is switched on; this will provide power for the non-volatile memory while the battery is replaced. If this is not possible, the clock will continue to run for approximately 30 seconds, whilst the replacement is made.

Using a coin or suitable took. unscrew the battery compartment cover at the rear of the instrument.

Remove the battery, noting its orientation. Insert the replacement, then replace the battery compartment cover.

The replacement battery should be SAFT L56 or equivalent. This is a lithium 3.5 V type, rated at 1800 mAH, size AA. If a lithium battery is unobtainable an alkaline battery can be used but it will have a shorter life. A suitable battery can be obtained from Aeroflex (Part Number 23711/106).

CLEANING

Before commencing any cleaning, switch off the instrument and disconnect it from the supply. The exterior surface of the case may be cleaned using a soft cloth moistened in water. Do not use aerosol or liquid solvent cleaners.

Cleaning the LCD window

To prevent damage to the LCD window, care should be taken not to scratch the surface during use and also when cleaning. The LCD window should be cleaned by wiping a slightly damp, soft, lint-free cloth gently over the surface.

PUTTING INTO STORAGE

If the instrument is to be put into storage, ensure that the following conditions are maintained:

Temperature range: −40 to 70°C

Humidity: Less than 93% at 40°C

2-10

CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 3-1-4

CONVENTIONS...................................................................................................... 3-1-4

FRONT PANEL........................................................................................................ 3-1-4

REAR PANEL.......................................................................................................... 3-1-6

THE MENUS............................................................................................................ 3-1-7

FIRST TIME USE .................................................................................................... 3-1-9

Switching on ................................................................................................. 3-1-9

Changing the value of the selected parameter.............................................. 3-1-9

Enabling or disabling the modulation........................................................... 3-1-10

Using the [⇑ ×10] and [⇓ ÷10] keys ............................................................. 3-1-10

Using the control knob.................................................................................. 3-1-10

DETAILED OPERATION....................................................................................... 3-1-12

CARRIER FREQUENCY ........................................................................................ 3-1-12

Carrier ON/OFF............................................................................................ 3-1-12

OUTPUT LEVEL..................................................................................................... 3-1-12

Choice of units.............................................................................................. 3-1-12

Reverse power protection ............................................................................. 3-1-12

MODULATION ....................................................................................................... 3-1-13

Modulation modes ........................................................................................ 3-1-13

Modulation mode selection........................................................................... 3-1-14

Selecting the modulation .............................................................................. 3-1-15

Modulation ON/OFF..................................................................................... 3-1-15

Selecting amplitude modulation ................................................................... 3-1-16

Selecting frequency modulation ................................................................... 3-1-16

Selecting phase modulation.......................................................................... 3-1-16

Selecting wideband frequency modulation................................................... 3-1-16

Modulation source frequency ....................................................................... 3-1-17

Source selection - internal............................................................................. 3-1-17

Source selection - external............................................................................ 3-1-19

MODULATION ALC .............................................................................................. 3-1-19

PULSE MODULATION .......................................................................................... 3-1-20

Selecting the pulse modulation mode........................................................... 3-1-20

Selecting pulse modulation........................................................................... 3-1-20

Low intermodulation mode........................................................................... 3-1-21

SIGNALLING .......................................................................................................... 3-1-22

CTSS............................................................................................................. 3-1-22

Sequential calling tones................................................................................ 3-1-23

INCREMENTING (using Δ) .................................................................................... 3-1-28

Displaying shifts ........................................................................................... 3-1-29

Setting increment values............................................................................... 3-1-29

SWEEP ..................................................................................................................... 3-1-30

Sweep type.................................................................................................... 3-1-30

Sweep mode.................................................................................................. 3-1-31

Sweep parameter entry.................................................................................. 3-1-32

Sweep control................................................................................................ 3-1-33

UTILITIES................................................................................................................ 3-1-35

Adjusting the display .................................................................................... 3-1-35

Hardware information................................................................................... 3-1-36

Software information.................................................................................... 3-1-36

External trigger ............................................................................................. 3-1-36

Setting the modulation mode........................................................................ 3-1-37

Chapter 3-1

OPERATION

3-1-1

OPERATION

Setting the GPIB address.............................................................................. 3-1-37

Sequential calling tones................................................................................ 3-1-37

Carrier phase adjustment .............................................................................. 3-1-37

Selection of frequency standard.................................................................... 3-1-37

Noise mode selection.................................................................................... 3-1-38

Selection menu 2........................................................................................... 3-1-38

Calibration .................................................................................................... 3-1-39

Latch data...................................................................................................... 3-1-40

Elapsed time.................................................................................................. 3-1-40

Setting time and date..................................................................................... 3-1-40

Locking and unlocking ................................................................................. 3-1-40

Keyboard locking.......................................................................................... 3-1-40

Display blanking........................................................................................... 3-1-41

Power up options........................................................................................... 3-1-41

RF level units................................................................................................ 3-1-41

LF level units ................................................................................................ 3-1-

RF level utility .............................................................................................. 3-1-42

LOW FREQUENCY OPERATION......................................................................... 3-1-46

LF monitor.................................................................................................... 3-1-46

Modulation source monitoring...................................................................... 3-1-46

Modulation drive monitoring........................................................................

Use as an independent LF generator............................................................. 3-1-47

MEMORY................................................................................................................. 3-1-47

Memory recall............................................................................................... 3-1-47

Memory stepping facility.............................................................................. 3-1-49

Memory store................................................................................................ 3-1-50

Frequency hopping........................................................................................ 3-1-52

ERROR HANDLING............................................................................................... 3-1-55

Background errors......................................................................................... 3-1-55

Foreground errors ......................................................................................... 3-1-55

GPIB errors................................................................................................... 3-1-55

Error display ................................................................................................. 3-1-55

3-1-46

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1-1 List of available softkeys for different modulation modes................. 3-1-46

Table 3-1-2 Background errors.............................................................................. 3-1-56

Table 3-1-3 Foreground errors............................................................................... 3-1-56

Table 3-1-4 GPIB errors......................................................................................... 3-1-57

Table 3-1-5 Fatal errors.......................................................................................... 3-1-58

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 3-1-1 2041 front panel.................................................................................. 3-1-4

Fig. 3-1-2 2041 rear panel................................................................................... 3-1-6

Fig. 3-1-3 Sig gen menu - default display for 2040 ............................................ 3-1-7

Fig. 3-1-4 Sig gen menu - default display for 2041 ............................................ 3-1-7

Fig. 3-1-5 Sig gen menu - default display for 2042 ............................................ 3-1-8

Fig. 3-1-6 Amplitude modulation - menu configuration..................................... 3-1-10

Fig. 3-1-7 RPP tripped......................................................................................... 3-1-13

Fig. 3-1-8 Modulation mode selection menu ...................................................... 3-1-14

Fig. 3-1-9 Sig gen me

Fig. 3-1-10 Internal source selection menu........................................................... 3-1-18

Fig. 3-1-11 LF phase control................................................................................. 3-1-18

Fig. 3-1-12 External source selection menu.......................................................... 3-1-19

Fig. 3-1-13 Sig Gen menu with pulse modulation selected .................................. 3-1-21

Fig. 3-1-14 Continuous tone selection menu......................................................... 3-1-23

nu with two modulation channels..................................... 3-1-15

3-1-2

OPERATION

Fig. 3-1-15 Sequential calling tones utility menu ................................................. 3-1-24

Fig. 3-1-16 Sequential calling tones utility menu (DTMF mode)......................... 3-1-25

Fig. 3-1-17 Calling tones mode control menu (with [FM] selected)..................... 3-1-26

Fig. 3-1-18 Tone standard selection menu ............................................................ 3-1-26

Fig. 3-1-19 Edit sequential tones standard menu .................................................. 3-1-28

Fig. 3-1-20 Total shift menu.................................................................................. 3-1-29

Fig. 3-1-21 Sweep parameters display .................................................................. 3-1-30

Fig. 3-1-22 Sweep type menu................................................................................ 3-1-31

Fig. 3-1-23 Sweep trigger mode menu.................................................................. 3-1-31

Fig. 3-1-24 Sweep markers menu.......................................................................... 3-1-33

Fig. 3-1-25 Sweep in progress............................................................................... 3-1-33

Fig. 3-1-26 Sweep stopped.................................................................................... 3-1-34

Fig. 3-1-27 RF level transferred............................................................................ 3-1-34

Fig. 3-1-28 Utilities selection menu 1................................................................... 3-1-35

Fig. 3-1-29 Display adjust menu ........................................................................... 3-1-36

Fig. 3-1-30 Noise mode selection m

enu................................................................ 3-1-38

Fig. 3-1-31 Utilities selection menu 2................................................................... 3-1-39

Fig. 3-1-32 Calibration utilities menu................................................................... 3-1-39

Fig. 3-1-33 RF level units selection menu (shown unlocked to level 1)............... 3-1-41

Fig. 3-1-34 LF level units selection menu (shown unlocked to level 1)............... 3-1-42

Fig. 3-1-35 RF level utility me

nu.......................................................................... 3-1-42

Fig. 3-1-36 Normal signal generator level control operation................................ 3-1-43

Fig. 3-1-37 Extended hysteresis operation with an RF level of -9 dBm

as the starting level............................................................................. 3-1-44

Fig. 3-1-38 RF offset adjustment menu................................................................. 3-1-44

Fig. 3-1-39 RF level limit menu............................................................................ 3-1-45

Fig. 3-1-40 LF generator menu ............................................................................. 3-1-47

Fig. 3-1-41 Memory recall menu .......................................................................... 3-1-48

Fig. 3-1-42 Memory stepping menu...................................................................... 3-1-49

Fig. 3-1-43 Memory store menu............................................................................ 3-1-50

Fig. 3-1-44 Frequency hopping menu ................................................................... 3-1-53

3-1-3

OPERATION

INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains how to:

• Set up the signal generator to produce a typical basic signal.

• Select the main operating parameters; carrier frequency, output level and type of

modulation.

• Use the full range of supporting facilities.

Note... When connecting the PULSE INPUT connector to external equipment, a double screened coaxial cable should be used in order for the instrument to conform to EMC requirements.

CONVENTIONS

The following conventions are used in this chapter: RF OUTPUT Capitals refer to titles marked on the panel. [MEM] Text in square brackets indicates hard key titles.

Int. F4 Italics refer to data or messages on the display. [Pulse] Italics in square brackets indicate soft key titles, e.g. [Pulse] means the

soft key adjacent to the Pulse title box at the side of the menu.

FRONT PANEL

Parameters are selected by means of hard keys, which have their function printed on them, soft keys, which do not have any notation, a numerical key pad and a rotary control knob, see Fig. 3-1-1. The hard keys have functions which do not change, whereas the soft key functions are determined by the menu which is being displayed. The numerical keys are used to set parameters to specific values which can also be varied in steps of any size by using the ⇑/⇓ keys or the rotary control knob.

PULSE INPUT

EXT MOD 1

INPUT

100 k

EXT MOD 2

INPUT

100 k

10kHz-2.7GHz low noise signal generator 2041

1 2

KNOB UP-ON

MOD

ON-OFF

UTIL

MEM LF SWEEP

78910

SIG GEN

1711 1416

CARR

ON-OFF

234 5

5 6

x10

OUTPUT

RF OUTPUT

SUPPLY

GHz

enter

MHz

kHz

rad

REVERSE POWER

50W MAX

C5715

Fig. 3-1-1 2041 front panel

3-1-4

OPERATION

(1) SUPPLY Switches the AC supply voltage on and off. (2) CARR ON-OFF Enables or disables the carrier frequency. (3) MOD ON-OFF Enables or disables the modulation. (4) LF ON-OFF Switches the low frequency output on and off. (5) UTIL Displays the utilities menu. (6) MEM Displays the memory store/recall menu. (7) Δ Displays the total shift menu. (8) LF Displays the LF and monitor menus. (9) SWEEP Displays the sweep status menu. (10) SIG GEN Displays the main menu. (11) SOFT KEYS Twelve function keys change notation as the menu changes. (12) NUMERICAL

KEY PAD

For changing the value of a selected parameter. Minus sign an decimal point are included.

(13) UNITS KEYS Determine the units of set parameters and terminate the numerical

entry.

(14) CONTROL KNOB When enabled, adjusts the value of the selected parameter. (15) ⇑ ×10 When knob disabled, increments a selected parameter. When

knob enabled, increases knob sensitivity by value of ten.

(16) KNOB UP-DN Switches between control knob and ⇑⇓ keys. (17) ⇓ ÷10 When knob disabled, decrements a selected parameter. When

knob enabled, decreases knob sensitivity by value of ten.

(18) LF OUTPUT BNC socket provides a low impedance output at the frequency

selected at the LF GENERATOR MENU or monitors the modulating signal.

(19) RF OUTPUT 50 Ω N type socket with reverse power protection. (20) PULSE

50 Ω BNC socket (if fitted) accepts a pulsed signal.

INPUT (21) EXT MOD 1

INPUT

100 kΩ BNC socket. An independent input which allows an external modulation signal to be applied.

(22) EXT MOD 2

100 kΩ BNC socket, similar to (21).

INPUT

3-1-5

OPERATION

REAR PANEL

The following facilities are available on the rear panel, see Fig. 3-1-2.

------------

SH1 AH1 SR1 RL1 DC1 DT1

T6 L4 E2 C0 PP0

GPIB

MARKER RAMP

_ +

3562

TRIGGER WIDE BAND

SWEEP

POWER SUPPLY 100/120/220/240V~

50-400Hz

180VA MAX

FUSE

RATING

FREQ STD

FM IN

IN/OUT

100/120V~ TT1.6AL250V 220/240V~ TT1AL250V

220Vac

240Vac

îî

C5712

Fig. 3-1-2 2041 rear panel

(1) GPIB 24 pin socket accepts standard IEEE connector to allow remote

control of the instrument.

(2) SWEEP MARKER BNC socket supplies sweep marker. (3) SWEEP RAMP BNC socket provides a ramp output at 0 to 10 V peak to peak. (4) SWEEP TRIGGER BNC socket provides access for a trigger input. (5) WIDE BAND

FM IN

BNC socket accepts a wide bandwidth FM signal into 50 Ω with a typical bandwidth of 10 MHz.

(6) FREQ STD IN/OUT

BNC socket for standard frequencies at 1, 5, or 10 MHz with a nominal 2 V pk-pk level into 50 Ω.

(7) VOLTAGE SELECTOR

Removable cover reveals barrel which can be rotated to select the required voltage range.

(8) FUSES AC fuses rated at TT1.6AL250V for the 100 to 120 V range an

TT1AL250V for the 220 to 240 V range.

(9) AC SUPPLY INPUT

3 pin plug integral with voltage selector and fuse holders. Mates with supply lead socket.

(10) BATTERY

Houses battery for real time clock.

HOLDER

3-1-6

OPERATION

THE MENUS

The 2040 series instruments are operated by calling up various displays or menus on the screen. Menus are accessed via both hard and soft keys. Pressing a hard key normally causes the appropriate primary menu to appear on the screen regardless of the current working position within the menu hierarchy. As the display changes from one menu to another, so the 12 soft keys assume those functions necessary to drive the instrument from that menu. Secondary menus are displayed by pressing a soft key while in a primary menu. Some sub-menus are nested e.g. UTILITIES. Clearance from these is obtained by pressing the [EXIT] or [UTIL] key.

LOCAL

Low

Intermod

Wideband

Low

Intermod

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level : dBm

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

1 350.000 0000

-144.0

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz

Hz ON

Int Std: 10 MHz

MHz

Fig. 3-1-3 Sig gen menu - default display for 2040

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

2 700.000 0000

-144.0 ON

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

MHz

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Devn.

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C1898

LOCAL

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Devn.

Wideband

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz

Hz ON

Fig. 3-1-4 Sig gen menu - default display for 2041

3-1-7

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C0468

OPERATION

LOCAL

Low

Intermod

Wideband

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

5 400.000 0000

-144.0 ON

dBm

MHz

Int Std: 10 MHz

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

Hz ON

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz

Fig. 3-1-5 Sig gen menu - default display for 2042

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Devn.

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C0469

3-1-8

OPERATION

FIRST TIME USE

First time users can quickly become familiar with the principles of control and display by carrying out the following exercise, which demonstrates how to set up a typical basic signal having the following parameters:

Carrier frequency: 100 MHz. Output level: 10 dBm. Amplitude modulation: 30% depth at 1 kHz.

Switching on

(1) Before switching the instrument on, check that the voltage selector has been set to

the value of the power supply as described in Chap. 2, and that no signal voltage is present on the PULSE INPUT socket.

(2) If the default display shown in Fig. 3-1-3, Fig. 3-1-4 or Fig. 3-1-5 is not obtained,

a previous user may have set the instrument to switch on with one of the user memories recalled rather than using the default factory settings. Before proceeding any further you should reset this selection, see 'Power up options'. Switch off and on again. Alternatively use the [MEM] key followed by entering 50 and terminating by pressing the [enter] key. This will reset the instrument to the factory default setting.

If the RF level units and the internal/external standard are not as shown, they can be changed as described on Page 3-1-42, 'RF level units' and Page 3-1-37 'Selection of frequency standard'.

(3) Observe that the main menu appears on the display showing default parameters

for FM. The soft key label marked [Carrier Freq.] is highlighted (i.e. the line bordering the label is increased in thickness to about 1 mm), which means that anything entered at this stage will change the carrier frequency.

(4) If necessary, adjust the display for brightness and contrast, see 'UTILITIES'

Page 3-1-35.

Changing the value of the selected parameter

If an error is made when keying in, press the soft key again and key in the correct value. If an error message is displayed, it can be cancelled by entering a value which is within limits.

(1) Using the numerical key pad, enter 100 MHz by pressing keys [1], [0], [0] and the

key marked [MHz/mV/ms]. Observe that the Carrier Freq. display changes to

100.000 0000 MHz. (2) Press [RF level]. The RF Level soft key label is now highlighted. (3) Using the numerical key pad, enter 10 dBm by pressing keys [1], [0] and the key

marked [Hz/dB/rad]. Observe that the RF Level display changes to 10.0 dBm.

(4) Press [AM] on the left-hand side of the display. The menu will now change to

display AM modulation parameters in the lower panel. The [FM Devn.] soft key on the right-hand side of the menu changes to [AM Depth] and this label is now highlighted. AM disappears from the left-hand side.

3-1-9

OPERATION

(5) Using the numerical key pad, enter 30% AM depth by pressing [3], [0] and

[kHz/μV/%]. Observe that the AM depth display changes to 30%. The display will now be as in Fig. 3-1-6 and the selected signal will now be present at the RF OUTPUT socket.

Enabling or disabling the modulation

The modulation is ON by default, but the AM can be turned ON and OFF by pressing [AM ON/OFF] at the right-hand side of the display and the modulation can be enabled or

disabled by pressing [MOD ON-OFF]. These are both toggle actions, i.e. press ON, press OFF. The soft key acts only on the selected modulation whereas the [MOD ON-OFF] acts on all modulations.

LOCAL

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Depth

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C1576

Low

Intermod

Wideband

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

100.000 0000

10.0 ON

AM:

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

30.0%

MHz

Fig. 3-1-6 Amplitude modulation - menu configuration

Using the [⇑ ×10] and [⇓ ÷10] keys

When a parameter has been selected via the numerical key pad, its value can be incremented or decremented either in steps using the [⇑] key and the [⇓] key, or continously with the control knob. Select [Carrier Freq.] and observe that the effect of pressing the [⇑] and [⇓] keys is to change the carrier frequency in steps of 1 kHz. Default step sizes are assigned to all parameters but these can be changed, see 'INCREMENTING (using Δ)'.

Using the control knob

(1) Press [KNOB UP-DN] to enable the control knob.

(2) On the display, brackets will appear above and below the selected parameter.

These brackets embrace the part of the value which the control knob can change. Pressing the [×10] key shortens the bracket length by one decimal place. Pressing the [÷10] key increases the bracket length by one decimal place. In this way the sensitivity of the control knob can be increased or decreased by a factor of ten.

3-1-10

(3) Rotate the control knob and observe the change in the selected parameter. Press

(4) For other parameters, press the relevant soft key and use the [⇑] and [⇓] keys or

Note...

For RF Level the knob resolution is fixed at 0.1 dB.

OPERATION

[KNOB UP-DN] to disable the knob.

the control knob.

3-1-11

OPERATION

DETAILED OPERATION

CARRIER FREQUENCY

The carrier frequency is selected from the Sig Gen menu by pressing [Carrier Freq.],

unless it is already highlighted as in the default display. Enter the required value via the numerical key pad. The value can then be incremented or

decremented using the control knob and its associated keys, [KNOB UP-DN], [×10] and [÷10]. If a value outside the specified range is requested, the message:

ERROR 51: Carrier Outside Limits

is displayed on the screen when the terminator key is pressed, and the instrument is automatically set to the end of the range.

Carrier ON/OFF

The carrier may be switched ON or OFF at any time via the [CARR ON-OFF] key. This effectively switches the output ON and OFF, retaining the 50 Ω output impedance.

OUTPUT LEVEL

The output level is selected at the Sig Gen menu by pressing [RF Level] and entering the required value on the numerical key pad. The value can be incremented or decremented using the control knob and its associated keys [KNOB UP-DN], [×10] and [÷10]. If a value outside the specified range is requested the message:

ERROR 52: RF Level Outside Limits

ERROR 17: RF Level limited by AM

is displayed and the instrument is automatically set to the end of the range.

Note...

The knob resolution is fixed at 0.1 dB.

Choice of units

Units may be μV, mV, V or dB. Conversion between dB and the voltage units is carried out by pressing the appropriate units key, i.e. to change dBm to a voltage unit, press any voltage key for the correct conversion. The choice of Volts EMF, Volts PD, and the dB reference is made by using the [RF Level Units] utility, see Page 3-1-41, 'RF level units'.

Reverse power protection

Accidental application of power to the RF OUTPUT socket trips the reverse power protection circuit (RPP) and a flashing message appears on the display, see Fig. 3-1-7.

3-1-12

OPERATION

RPP reset

*** REMOVE SIGNAL SOURCE ***

C0039

Fig. 3-1-7 RPP tripped

Pressing [RPP reset] resets the RPP and returns the display to the menu in use when the reverse power protection was tripped. If [RPP reset] is pressed with the signal still applied, the RPP will trip again.

MODULATION

The carrier can be frequency, amplitude, or phase modulated, with pulse modulation as an option. The internal modulation oscillator has a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz, with a resolution of 0.1 Hz. The modulation bandwidth available depends on the noise mode selected see the PERFORMANCE DATA section in Chapter 1.

Modulation modes

Two independent inputs on the front panel EXT MOD 1 INPUT, EXT MOD 2 INPUT allow external modulation signals to be summed with signals from the internal oscillator and a second optional internal oscillator (if fitted). Thus up to four modulations may be available at one time. These can be combined to give single, dual, composite and dual composite modes of operation.

Single

In the single mode, only one m

odulation can be active at any one time, and selecting

another modulation cancels the first.

Dual

In the dual mode, a common carrier wave is modulated by two different types of modulation, e.g. one AM and one FM. Each type of modulation can carry separate information.

3-1-13

OPERATION

Composite

This mode consists of two modulating channels of the same type of modulation (e.g. FM1 + FM2) with the effective modulation being the sum of the two waveforms.

Dual composite

This mode is similar to the composite mode of operation but with the two modulating channels being the sum of two sources, e.g. FM1 + FM2 and AM1 + AM2.

Modulation mode selection

In order to select a different modulation mode;

(1) Press [UTIL]. Utilities Selection Menu 1 will appear on the display. (2) Press [Mod'n Mode] key. This calls up the Modulation Mode Selection Menu

shown in Fig. 3-1-8. The four possible modulation modes are shown. Press the required soft key.

Note...

LOCAL

Modulation Mode Selection Menu

Single Modulation Only

Dual (Eg. AM & FM)

Composite (Eg. FM1 & FM2)

Dual Comp. (Eg. AM1 & AM2 + FM1 & FM2)

Single

Dual

Comp

Dual

Comp

C1710

Fig. 3-1-8 Modulation mode selection menu

If the Avionics option (Option 006) is fitted an additional soft key [Avionics Modes] will be displayed. See Annex A for avionics modes selection.

(3) Press [SIG GEN] to return to the Sig Gen menu where the modulation mode and

individual source parameters (where applicable) will be shown. For composite mode selection a menu similar to Fig. 3-1-9 will be displayed.

3-1-14

OPERATION

LOCAL

Carrier

Freq.

Level

FM1

Devn.

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C0471

Low

Intermod

FM2

Wideband

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

FM1: FM1:

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz Int F2 : 400.0 Hz

2 700.000 0000

-144.0 ON

500 2.50

Hz ON kHz ON

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

MHz

Fig. 3-1-9 Sig gen menu with two modulation channels

Note...

Full information on the range of utilities can be found under ‘UTILITIES’.

Selecting the modulation

The type of modulation required, AM, FM, ΦM, wideband and optional pulse modulation can be selected by soft keys at the Sig Gen menu. Four modulation modes are available, see 'Modulation mode selection' above.

Modulation ON/OFF

[MOD ON-OFF] switches all modulation ON or OFF and the condition is indicated in the centre of the main display, e.g:

Modulation DISABLED

Modulation is also controlled by a soft key which turns the selected modulation on and off. For modulation to appear on the carrier, modulation must be both enabled with the [MOD ON-OFF] hard key and turned on via the soft key. In single modulation modes the [MOD ON-OFF] key and the [FM ON/OFF], [AM ON/OFF], [ΦM ON/OFF] keys appear to carry out the same function, but the action is different, particularly in the FM mode. The [FM ON/OFF] etc. soft keys only reduce the modulation to zero whereas the [MOD ON-OFF] key completely disables the modulation system such that the instrument reverts to a carrier frequency generator.

3-1-15

OPERATION

Selecting amplitude modulation

(1) At the Sig Gen menu, press [AM], the [AM Depth] box is now highlighted. (2) Enter the required modulation depth via the numerical key pad and terminate with

the [%] key. If the modulation depth requested exceeds 99.9%, the depth is reset to the maximum value available and the message:

ERROR 56: AM Outside Limits

is displayed at the top of the screen.

(3) Switch the AM ON or OFF by pressing [AM ON/OFF] . The AM information is

displayed in the lower half of the screen.

Selecting frequency modulation

(1) At the Sig Gen menu, press [FM], the [FM Devn.] box will be highlighted. (2) Enter the FM deviation value via the numerical key pad and terminate it with

[Hz], [kHz] or [MHz].

(3) Switch the FM ON or OFF via [FM ON/OFF]. The FM information is displayed

in the lower half of the screen.

Selecting phase modulation

Note that phase modulation is not available in the low noise modes of the 2040 series. To

use phase modulation the instrument must be in the normal noise mode.

(1) At the Sig Gen menu, press [ΦM]. The [ΦM Devn.] box will be highlighted. (2) Enter the phase modulation deviation value via the numeric key pad and terminate

it with the [rad] key.

(3) Switch the ΦM ON or OFF via the [

displayed in the lower half of the screen.

M ON/OFF] key. The ΦM information is

Selecting wideband frequency modulation

(1) At the Sig Gen menu, press [Wideband FM]. The [Wideband FM] box will be

highlighted.

(2) The value can be changed via the key pad and frequency terminator key. To

preserve the widest bandwidth, the control of the wideband FM is carried out in a series of fixed steps and the signal generator automatically displays the calculated fixed step which is closest to the keyed in value. Applying a 1 V RMS signal to the rear panel WIDE BAND FM IN socket will produce the indicated deviation.

3-1-16

OPERATION

(3) Pressing [AC/DC Coupling] changes the coupling from AC to DC and vice versa.

When the input is DC coupled, small frequency offsets can be reduced by using the nulling facility. Nulling can be effected by pressing [DCFM Nulling]. The legend:

*** DCFM NULLING ***

appears briefly on the display.

Note...

The [⇑] and [⇓] keys and the control knob do not operate for wideband FM.

CAUTION

The WBFM socket input impedance is 50 Ω. The DC component of of any applied voltage must not exceed 5 V.

Modulation source frequency

(1) At the Sig Gen menu press [Source Freq.]. (2) Enter the required source frequency and terminate the entry with [Hz], [kHz] or

[MHz].

Note...

When the modulation source is operating as a continuous signalling tone the [Source Freq.] legend is replaced with the [Tone Number]. Pressing the key allows a new tone

number to be entered.

Source selection - internal

The modulation source may be selected by pressing [Select Source]. Sources may be internal or external. If the currently selected source is internal, the Internal Source Selection Menu is displayed, giving a choice of six frequencies, F1-F6, see Fig. 3-1-10. The frequency assigned to the highlighted F number may be changed by the numerical key pad and terminated with [Hz], [kHz], [MHz] or [GHz]. Soft keys allow the selection of either a sine or triangular waveform. The selection of sub-audible continuous tones can be achieved by pressing [CTCSS], see 'SIGNALLING'. Pressing [Mod. Src Phase] displays the LF Source Phase Control menu, see Fig. 3-1-11. The LF source phase angle can be varied from -180° to +180°. The pictograms at the end of each line show a symbolic sine wave when a source is selected. This changes to a triangular wave if [Triangle Wave] is selected or a square wave if [Square Wave] is selected. These symbols also appear on the main menu. A horizontal bar is shown when a source is not selected or is not available.

3-1-17

OPERATION

LOCAL

Sine

Wave

Triangle

Wave

Square

Wave

Mod. Src

Phase

CTCSS

Select

External

Int F1: Int F2:

Int F3: Int F4: Int F5: Int F6:

Internal Source Selection Menu

Current Modulation: FM

300.0

400.0

500.0

1.0000

3.0000

6.0000

Hz Hz

kHz kHz kHz

Internal

C1887

Fig. 3-1-10 Internal source selection menu

LF phase

When an internal source has been selected, its phase relative to the second modulation

oscillator (if fitted) can be changed by pressing [Mod. Src Phase] and entering the required value. Where two internal modulation frequencies are active, the starting phase difference between the two signals can be set up and the phase angle is referred to the currently selected oscillator.

Modulation Source Phase Control

Int F4 Phase :

Fig. 3-1-11 LF phase control

LOCAL

Mod. Src

Phase

C1888

3-1-18

OPERATION

Source selection - external

An external source may be selected by pressing [Select External]. The External Source Selection Menu is then displayed on the screen. (This menu is displayed immediately when

pressing [Select Source] if the currently selected source is external.) This menu allows the choice of two input sockets EXT MOD 1 INPUT and EXT MOD 2 INPUT and AC, ALC, or DC coupling by pressing the appropriate soft key. The pictograms at the end of each line show a symbolic arbitrary waveform when an external source is selected. This symbol also appears on the main menu. A horizontal bar is shown when a source is not selected or is not available. When the input is DC coupled, small frequency offsets can be reduced by using the nulling facility. Nulling can be effected by pressing [DCFM Nulling].

LOCAL

Ext1 AC Coupling

Ext1 ALC

Coupling Ext1 DC

Coupling Ext2 AC

Coupling

Ext2 ALC

Coupling Ext2 DC

Coupling

C0042

Select

External

External Source Selection Menu

Current Modulation: FM

Ext Mod 1 Ext Mod 1 Ext Mod 1 Ext Mod 2 Ext Mod 2 Ext Mod 2

AC Coupled

ALC Coupled

DC Coupled

AC Coupled

ALC Coupled

DC Coupled

Fig. 3-1-12 External source selection menu

MODULATION ALC

The automatic levelling control (ALC) is used in conjunction with an external source and can be disabled when not required. To enable the ALC, proceed as follows:

(1) At the Sig Gen menu, press [Select Source] . The display will show the Internal or

External Source Selection Menu (Fig. 3-1-10 or Fig. 3-1-12).

(2) If necessary press [Select External] to obtain the External Source Selection Menu

(Fig. 3-1-12).

(3) Select the required external source from the options shown, e.g. [Ext 1 ALC

Coupling] or [Ext 2 ALC Coupling]. The pictogram at the end of each line will change from a horizontal line to an arbitrary waveform symbol when the source is selected.

(4) Return to the Sig Gen menu by pressing [SIG GEN]. The legend Ext Mod 1 (or 2)

ALC coupled appears at the bottom of the display.

3-1-19

OPERATION

(5) Apply a signal to the EXT MOD 1 or EXT MOD 2 input socket and vary the

level. If the input applied to the external modulation socket is outside the ALC range (at least 0.7 to 1.4 V RMS) HI or LO will be indicated and an error message will be displayed at the top of the screen. If the level is within the required range, the arbitrary waveform symbol will appear alongside the modulation value.

PULSE MODULATION (applies if Option 002 is fitted)

Enabling the pulse modulation disables the RF ALC system which is used to control the

output level from the generator. The signal generator sets the requested RF output level using a digitally derived control signal whose level is equivalent to that which would be generated by the RF ALC system.

The calibration of the RF level can be set up to work in two possible ways. The normal

method is that when a new carrier frequency or RF level is entered the RF ALC system is enabled and a CW signal is generated. The generator then sets up the digitally derived control signal so that it is at the same level as the RF ALC control signal and the instrument disables the RF ALC and subsititutes the digitally derived signal. The user of the signal generator will observe that when the level or frequency of the generator is changed a CW output burst (at the requested output level) is generated for up to 100 ms.

In some applications, such as live radar testing, the CW burst can cause problems. The

alternative mode of operation is to enable a CW Burst Suppression facility. In this mode when pulse modulation is first enabled, a calibration of the digitally derived control signal is performed automatically which generates a tabulation of the RF level against the control signal level. During calibration the RF output is suppressed by the output attenuator. After calibration changes in level or frequency do not generate CW bursts. An RF level recalibration can be performed on demand. When the carrier frequency is changed by more than 15 MHz from the frequency at which the level was calibrated, or the new requested frequency results in a major change of characteristic (such as a VCO change), the RF level display is blanked and an UNCAL annunciator is displayed. Initiating an RF level calibration will restore the RF level display.

Selecting the pulse modulation mode

(1) Press the [RF Level Utility] on the Utilities Selection Menu 2. The display will

show the RF Level Utility Menu shown in Fig. 3-1-35.

(2) Use the [CW Burst Control] key to disable the Burst Suppression mode for

normal operation or enable it for Burst Suppression mode.

(3) Selecting the [Sig Gen] key will return the display to the Sig Gen menu.

Selecting pulse modulation

From the Sig Gen menu press [Pulse Mod] to obtain the Pulse Mod display shown in

Fig. 3-1-13.

Notes...

The [RF Level Autocal] key will only appear if the CW burst suppression mode has been enabled in which case a temporary calibration display will appear for approximately 1.5 s while calibration is undertaken.

3-1-20

OPERATION

Modulation can be enabled with FM but not with AM.

LOCAL

Wideband

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

Single Modulation Mode

2 700.000 0000

-144.0 ON

PULSE ON

Fig. 3-1-13 Sig Gen menu with pulse modulation selected

The [Pulse ON/OFF] key can be used to disable or enable the pulse modulator without

enabling the RF ALC system.

The [MOD ON-OFF] key will also disable or enable the modulator; the status being

shown on the display.

With the modulation disabled using this key the RF ALC system is operating. If the CW Burst Suppression mode has been enabled the [RF Level Autocal] key can be

used to recalibrate the RF output level on demand.

MHz

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

Modulation ENABLED

Carrier

Freq.

Level

RF Level

Autocal

Pulse

ON/OFF

C1626

Pulse modulation input level

Switch pulse mod on or off with the [Pulse ON/OFF] key. When 'On', the carrier is

controlled by the logic level applied to the PULSE INPUT socket mounted on the front panel. A logical '1' (a voltage between 3.5 and 5 V) allows carrier output, a logical '0' (a voltage between 0 and 1.0 V) suppresses it. Turning pulse mod off effectively applies a logical '1' allowing carrier output. Note that the input impedance is 50 Ω.

Low intermodulation mode

When carrying out intermodulation tests the output signal from two signal generators is

combined using a resistive or hybrid combiner. If the carrier frequencies are relatively close together (less than 2 MHz in normal noise mode) each generator will receive an interfering signal from the other source. The RF ALC system will detect a beat frequency equal to the difference in carrier frequencies and attempt to apply AM in order to cancel the signal. In so doing the RF ALC system will generate AM sidebands which are indistinguishable from intermodulation products. By using the low intermodulation mode the RF ALC system can be disabled to prevent the injection of AM sidebands.

3-1-21

If pulse modulation is not fitted proceed as follows:

(1) At the Sig Gen menu press [Low Intermod]. (2) This causes either Low Intermodulation Disabled or Low Intermodulation

Enabled to be displayed in the lower panel. (3) Press the [MOD ON-OFF] key to toggle between the enabled and disabled states. (4) If an attempt is made to [Set Steps] from the Δ menu, the message Low Intermod:

No Steps Allowed will be displayed.

If pulse modulation (Option 002) is fitted proceed as follows:

(1) Press the [Pulse Mod] key. (2) This causes the message PULSE ON to be displayed. (3) Press the [Pulse ON/OFF] key. (4) This causes PULSE OFF to be displayed together with Low Intermodulation

Disabled or Low Intermodulation Enabled shown in the lower panel. (5) Press the [MOD ON-OFF] key to toggle between the enabled and disabled states. (6) If an attempt is made to [Set Steps] from the Δ menu, the message PULSE : No

Steps Allowed will be displayed.

Note...

AM is not available in the Pulse Modulation or Low Intermodulation modes of operation.

SIGNALLING

OPERATION

CTSS

A CTCSS tone is any one of 32 standard sub-audible tones ranging from 67 Hz to

250.3 Hz and would generally be used in conjunction with an audible modulation signal in a composite modulation mode. The procedure for initiating these tones is as follows:

Tone selection

(1) At the Sig Gen m (2) At the Internal Source Selection Menu, press [CTCSS]. The Continuous Tone

Selection Menu is now displayed, see Fig. 3-1-14. (3) Key in the required tone number (0 to 15) and press [enter].

enu, press [Select Source].

3-1-22

OPERATION

LOCAL

Select

Standard

Edit

Standard

Continuous Tone Selection Menu

Tone Number:

Int F4:

Current Standard: CTCSS 1

01 --

ctc1

71.9

Tone

Number

Select

Source

C1889

Fig. 3-1-14 Continuous tone selection menu

Selecting alternative tone standards

A list of the 16 tones of the current standard is available by pressing [Select Standard].

This action displays the Tone Standard Selection Menu with the current standard highlighted. To select from further lists of 16 tones, press [CTCSS2] or [USER]

. The Tone Standard Selection

Menu changes to show the new list.

Editing a tone standard

Pressing [TEMP] displays a further list of 16 tones set to the default value of 10 Hz. The

standard can be edited by selecting [Edit Standard] from the menu in Fig. 3-1-14. This gives the Continuous Tone Edit Utility menu.

CTCSS 1, CTCSS 2 or USER can be be loaded to TEMP, which is a volatile store of 16

tones set at a default value of 10 Hz at switch on. Tones can then be changed by using [Tone No], [Tone Freq], [Next Tone] or [Previous Tone]. When the required changes have been made, the new standard can be saved by pressing [Store to User]. USER then becomes a user defined standard.

Note...

Selecting [CTCSS1], [CTCSS2], [USER] or [TEMP] from the Tone Standard Selection Menu causes the pictogram in the Continuous Tone Selection Menu and the Internal Source Selection Menu to change e.g. ctc1. The pictogram is repeated in the modulation section of the Sig Gen menu.

Sequential calling tones

There are eight sequential calling tone standards available, each having 16 set tones, see

Tone Standard Selection Menu, Fig. 3-1-18. They are, CCIR, EURO, DZVEI, ZVEI1, ZVEI2, EEA, EIA and NATEL. There is also provision for the user to define sets of user tones in USER1 and USER2. DTMF signalling tones can also be generated if the second modulation oscillator (Option 001) is fitted.

3-1-23

OPERATION

Sequential calling tones are set up from a utility menu, Fig. 3-1-28, and are activated by

pressing [Send Tones] which appears on the main menu after the tones have been set up. [Send Tones] also appears on the calling tones menu.

Tone selection

Pressing the [Calling Tones] soft key at Utilities Selection Menu 1 calls up the Sequential

Calling Tones Utility menu, see Fig. 3-1-15.

LOCAL

Tone

Sequence

Duration

Sequence

Freq.

Offset

Extended

Duration

Define

Repeat

Start

Delay

C0472

Mode

Control

Select

Standard

Edit

Standard

Store

Tones Recall

Tones

Sequential Calling Tones Utilty

Current Standard: CCIR

Mode: NO MODULATION SELECTED

Tone Seq.: Dur. Seq.:

Frequency Offset : 0 % Extended Duration: 500 ms Repeat Tone : E Start Delay : 200 ms

Default Duration : 100 ms Gap : 6 ms

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Fig. 3-1-15 Sequential calling tones utility menu

[Tone Sequence] Pressing this key causes hexadecimal data entry keys to appear at the left-hand

side of the menu. To change the sequence, enter the tone numbers via the digits 0-9 on the numerical key pad and the soft keys [A] to [F] and press [enter].

[Duration Sequence] Pressing this key causes [Default Duration] and [Extended Duration] to appear at the left-hand side of the menu. Press either key in turn to set the duration of tones in the sequence. A dash (-) indicates the default duration and E indicates an extended duration. These two keys disappear when [enter] is pressed.

[Define Repeat] allows a repeat tone to be defined, by using the [A] to [F] keys and the key pad and pressing enter. For example, if the repeat tone is defined as tone C, the sequence 11111 will be sent as 1C1C1 so that the receiver decoders will sense a change in frequency at the start of each digit sent.

[Freq. Offset] This facility alters the nominal tone frequency by a set percentage (up to ±10%) for use in tolerance testing. To change the frequency offset value, select [Freq. Offset] and enter the new value on the keypad. Terminate with the [%] key.

[Store Tones] Up to 20 sequence set-ups can be stored. Use the key pad to enter the store location number and press [enter].

[Recall Tones] To recall a tone sequence, use the key pad to select the required store location and press [enter].

[Start Delay] The delay before the tone sequence starts and the gap between sequences can be adjusted by pressing this soft key, entering the required delay time on the key pad and pressing [ms].

3-1-24

OPERATION

[Mode Control] Pressing this enables the user to assign the calling tones to a selected type of modulation, see Fig. 3-1-16. Modulation, on the select ed channel, is turned off when the tones are triggered and restored after the tones have been sent. Modulation on other channels is not affected by the calling tones and this allows sequential signalling tones to be combined with subaudible tones. [NO Mod.] This option effectively inhibits sequential tones. The tone sequence can be sent between 1 and 9 times, set by [No. of Repeats], every time the [Send Tones] key is pressed. Setting the number of repeats to 10 allows the tones to be sent continually under control of the [Send Tones]/[Stop Tones] key at the main menu.

LOCAL

Send

Tones

Mode

Control

Select

Standard

Store

Tones Recall

Tones

Mode: TOTAL FM - SINGLE SHOT

Tone Seq.:

4-by-4 CCITT Touch-Tone Standard

Tone Duration Tone Gap Start delay

Sequential Calling Tones Utilty

Current Standard: DTMF

################

70 ms

200 ms

Tone

Sequence

Tone

Duration

Tone

Gap

Start

Delay

C1890

Fig. 3-1-16 Sequential calling tones utility menu (DTMF mode)

On 2040 series fitted with the second modulation oscillator (Option 001) the DTMF signalling capability is also provided. If this standard is selected the main menu accessed after pressing the [Calling Tones] soft key at Utilities Selection Menu 1 will be as shown in Fig. 3-1-16. The functions of the soft keys are as follows:

[Tone Sequence] Pressing this key allows a tone sequence to be set up using the digits 0-9 on the numerical keypad and the soft keys [A], [B], [C], [D], [*] and [#]. The sequence entry is terminated by pressing [enter].

[Tone Duration] The default duration of 70 ms for each tone in the sequence can be changed by pressing this key, entering the required duration value and pressing [ms].

[Tone Gap] The default gap duration of 70 ms between each tone in the sequence can be changed by pressing this key, entering the required gap length and pressing [ms].

[Start Delay] The delay before the tone sequence starts and the gap between sequences can be adjusted by pressing this soft key, entering the required delay time on the key pad and pressing [ms].

[Mode Control] Pressing this enables the user to assign the calling tones to a selected type of modulation, see Fig. 3-1-17. Modulation, on the select ed channel, is turned off when the tones are triggered and restored after the tones have been sent. Modulation on other channels is not affected by the calling tones and this allows sequential signalling tones to be combined with subaudible tones. [NO Mod.] This option effectively inhibits sequential tones. The tone sequence can be sent between 1 and 9 times, set by [No. of Repeats], every time the [Send Tones] key is pressed. Setting the number of repeats to 10 allows the tones to be sent continually under control of the [Send Tones]/[Stop Tones] key at the main menu.

3-1-25

OPERATION

[Select Standard] Selection of alternative signalling standards is achieved by pressing this key to access the Select Standard Menu.

[Store Tones] Up to 20 sequence set-ups can be stored. Use the key pad to enter the store location number and press [enter].

[Recall Tones] To recall a tone sequence, use the key pad to select the required store location and press [enter].

LOCAL No. of

Repeats

FM1

Mod.

Calling Tones Mode Control

Assigned Modulation: Total FM

Mode SINGLE

1 --

Selecting alternative tone standards

The [Select Standard] key causes the Tone Standard Selection Menu to be displayed, see

Fig. 3-1-18.

EXIT

1:SINGLESHOT

2-9 : MULTIPLE

10 : CONTINUOUS

Fig. 3-1-17 Calling tones mode control menu (with [FM] selected)

CCIR

EURO

DZVEI

ZVEI1

ZVEI2

EXIT

Tone 0: 1.9810 kHz Tone 1: 1.1240 kHz Tone 2: 1.1970 kHz Tone 3: 1.2750 kHz Tone 4: 1.3580 kHz Tone 5: 1.4460 kHz Tone 6: 1.5400 kHz Tone 7: 1.6400 kHz

Tone Standard Selection Menu

Current Standard: CCIR

Tone 8: 1.7470 kHz Tone 9: 1.8600 kHz Tone A: 2.0000 kHz Tone B: 930.0 Hz Tone C: 2.2570 kHz Tone D: 991.0 Hz Tone E: 2.1100 kHz Tone F: 0 Hz

Default Duration : 100ms Tone Gap : 6ms

FM2

Total

C0047

LOCAL

EEA

EIA

NATEL

USER1

USER2

DTMF

Fig. 3-1-18 Tone standard selection menu

3-1-26

C0048

OPERATION

The tone sequential standard to be used is selected by pressing the appropriate soft key.

This menu also shows the frequency and timing characteristics for each tone in the standard. User 1 and User 2 are user defined tone standards stored in non-volatile memory. The [DTMF] softkey only appears on the display if the instrument is fitted with a second modulation oscillator (Option 001 fitted). If only a single oscillator is fitted the [DTMF] key is left blank

Editing a tone standard

Pressing the [Edit Standard] key when in the Sequential Calling Tones Utility menu

(Fig. 3-1-15) will produce the Edit Sequential Tones Utility, see Fig. 3-1-19, which allows a user defined tone system to be set up.

All editing is carried out in a tone standard called TEMP which is not stored beyond

switch off. To ensure that the alterations are available for future use the newly defined tone standard must be saved to non-volatile storage in either USER1 or USER2.

The editing facility allows the user to define the frequency of each of the 16 tones in the

system and to set the default duration of each tone in the sequence and the gap between tones (if any). All other settings are handled in the normal Sequential Tones Utility menu.

The currently selected tone standard may be copied into the TEMP working space using

the top left soft key (shown [CCIR to TEMP] in Fig. 3-1-19) and often this is a convenient way to start, particularly when the user defined system is similar to one of the standard systems.

To edit the system in TEMP use [Tone Number] to select the number of the tone to be

edited (0 to 15) and after pressing [Tone Freq.] enter the new frequency to be assigned to this tone number. Select other tones in the system by means to the [Tone Number] key or use the [Next Tone] and [Previous Tone] keys to step through the list. Enter the frequencies of the tones and then use [Default Duration] and [Tone Gap] to set the times in milliseconds for the default duration of each tone and the gap between each tone.

Finally store the user defined tone system parameters in USER1 or USER2 by pressing

[Store to USER1] or [Store to USER2].

Note that when using the DTMF tone signalling capability no editing facility is provided.

Changes to the default settings are made directly on the Calling Tones Utility Menu.

3-1-27

OPERATION

Fig. 3-1-19 Edit sequential tones standard menu

3-1-28

OPERATION

INCREMENTING (using Δ) Displaying shifts

Press the [Δ] hard key. The total shift menu is displayed as shown in Fig. 3-1-20. This

menu displays the difference between the current value and the keyed-in value. Parameters can be incremented or decremented by using the [⇑] or [⇓] key or the control knob, see 'Using the control knob' on Page 3-1-10. To cancel any changes made by the rotary control or the⇑/⇓ keys, press [Return Value]. This will restore the setting of the selected parameter to the keyed-in value, i.e. the indicated shift will return to zero. Pressing [Transfer Value] transfers the current value to the Sig Gen menu as the keyed in value.

LOCAL

Transfer

Value

Return

Value

Set

Steps

Carrier + Freq.

RF Level +

Low Noise Mode 1 Modulation ENABLED

Setting increment values

(1) From the total shift menu select [Set Steps]. The screen shows the currently set

step sizes. (2) Select [Carrier Step], enter the value on the key pad and press a terminator key.

The step value will appear on the screen. (3) Return to the Sig Gen menu by pressing [SIG GEN]. (4) Using the ⇑/⇓ keys respectively will now increment or decrement the carrier

frequency by the set value. (5) [RF Level Step], [AM Step] and [Source Step] values can be entered in the same

way.

Note...

Wideband FM and pulse modulation parameters cannot be incremented in this manner.

0.0 ON

FM+ Hz

Int F4+ Hz

Fig. 3-1-20 Total shift menu

Int Std: 10 MHz

0 0

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Shift

Int F4

Shift

ON/OFF

C00050

3-1-29

OPERATION

SWEEP

The sweep capability allows the comprehensive testing of systems, as measurements at single points will not necessarily give an overall indication of the performance. The sweep function is specified by the following parameters:

• Start value

• Stop value

• Number of steps

• Time per step

Up to five individually adjustable markers may be set. Each marker can be turned on and off separately. Sweep functions available are:

• Carrier frequency with or without modulation (available in normal noise mode only)

• RF level

• Internal modulation rate

• LF frequency (if in LF generator mode)

• LF level (if in LF generator mode).

The sweep can be operated in single shot or continuous modes with the start command triggered by a key press, an external pulse or GPIB control. Once started, the sweep can be stopped at any time when the display will indicate the current parameter value. The sweep can be used with oscilloscopes, X-Y display units and X-Y plotters by connecting the display unit X input to the SWEEP RAMP output on the rear panel.

A sweep routine is set up as described in the following paragraphs:

Sweep type

(1) Press the [SWEEP] hard key. The sweep parameters display, with soft key

options, appears on the screen, see Fig. 3-1-21.

LOCAL

Start

Sweep

Markers

Sweep

Mode

Sweep

Type

Level Start: Level Stop:

Number of:

Steps

Step Time:

Sweep Status: WAITING FOR TRIGGER Sweep Mode: INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type: RF LEVEL

-144.0 +13.0

1000 -----

dBm

Start

RF Level

Stop

RF Level

Number

of Steps

Step

Time

C1899

Fig. 3-1-21 Sweep parameters display

(2) Press [Sweep Type]. The Sweep Type Menu is displayed, see Fig. 3-1-22.

3-1-30

OPERATION

LOCAL

Carrier Sweep

RF Level

Sweep Int. F4

Sweep Sweep

Off

EXIT

The instrument must be in the LF generator mode before an LF frequency sweep and LF level sweep can be initiated.

The [Carrier Sweep] soft key only appears in the normal noise mode. In the two low noise modes this key is not present.

Modulation required during sweep should be entered before putting the instrument in the sweep mode.

(3) Select the required sweep type by pressing the appropriate soft key, e.g. [Carrier

Sweep]. The Sweep Type screen changes to confirm the selection.

(4) Press [EXIT] or [SWEEP] to return to the sweep parameters display.

Sweep mode

(1) At the sweep parameters menu, press [Sweep Mode]. The Sweep Trigger Mode

Menu is displayed, see Fig. 3-1-23.

Sweep Type Menu

Current Sweep T ype: RF LEVEL

Fig. 3-1-22 Sweep type menu

LF Freq

Sweep

LF Level

Sweep

C0052

Internal

Single

Internal

Cont.

External

Trigger

EXIT

LOCAL

Sweep Trigger Mode Menu

Current Sweep Mode: INTERNAL SINGLE

C0017

Fig. 3-1-23 Sweep trigger mode menu

3-1-31

OPERATION

(2) Select the sweep mode, [Internal Single], [Internal Cont.], or [External Trigger]. (3) Press [EXIT] to return to the sweep parameters display menu. (4) If [External trigger] is selected, press [UTIL], select [Utils. Menu 1] and from

this menu press [External Trigger]. The External Trigger Selection Menu will be displayed. Then press [SWEEP] to return to the Sweep Parameters display.

Sweep parameter entry

Start value

(1) Select the appropriate soft key to enter the start value, e.g. [Start Freq]. (2) Enter the required start value via the numerical key pad and the appropriate

terminator key.

Stop value

(1) Select the appropriate soft key to enter the stop value, e.g. [Stop Freq]. (2) Enter the required stop value via the numerical key pad and the appropriate

terminator key.

When carrier frequency parameters are entered, the instrument calculates all the individual step values together with any level and modulation correction factors. While this process is taking place, the sweep status line changes to indicate 'CALCULATING SWEEP'.

Number of steps

(1) Select [Number of Steps].

(2) Enter the number of steps via the numerical key pad and the [GHz/V/enter]

terminator key.

Note...

If an inappropriate number of steps is selected, the instrument will automatically choose a

more reasonable value. The number of steps available depends on the operating mode and

the maximum values are: 250 for carrier frequency with FM, ΦM or Wideband FM enabled.

1,000 for carrier frequency without FM, ΦM or Wideband FM enabled. 10,000 for RF level, RF modulation frequency, LF frequency and LF level.

Step time

(1) Select [Step Time].

(2) Enter the step time via the numerical key pad and the [MHz/mV/ms] terminator

key.

3-1-32

Markers

A facility exists for producing markers, controlled by the Sweep Markers Menu, see Fig. 3-1-24.

Enable/ Disable

Marker

ON/OFF

EXIT

OPERATION

Sweep Markers menu

Markers : DISABLED Marker 1: Marker 2: Marker 3: Marker 4: Marker 5:

+2.0 +4.0 +6.0 +8.0

+10.0

dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF dBm OFF

LOCAL

Marker 1

Marker 2

Marker 3

Marker 4

Marker 5

C1891

Fig. 3-1-24 Sweep markers menu

To set a marker, press one of the marker soft keys e.g. [Marker 3], enter the required value on the key pad and terminate with the appropriate units hard key. Turn the marker ON using the [Marker ON/OFF] key. When all markers have been entered use the [Enable/Disable] key to activate the MARKER output on the rear panel. The marker output produces a positive going pulse with a duration of one sweep step when the sweep passes a marker value.

Sweep control

Starting the sweep

From the sweep parameters menu, press [Start Sweep]. The single sweep status line display changes from WAITING FOR TRIGGER to SWEEPING and a solid bar increments to show the sweep progression, see Fig. 3-1-25.

LOCAL

Stop

Sweep

Abort

Sweep

Level Start:

Level Stop:

Number of:

Steps

Step Time:

-144.0 +13.0

dBm

1000 -----

Sweep Status: SWEEPING Sweep Mode: INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type: RF LEVEL

Fig. 3-1-25 Sweep in progress

3-1-33

C1900

OPERATION

Note ...

When the sweep is in progress, all the hard keys are disabled and only the [Stop Sweep] and [Abort Sweep] soft keys are active.

Stopping the sweep

Press [Stop Sweep]. The sweep stops and the menu presents the opportunity to press:- [Reset Sweep] to change the sweep parameters, or [Continue Sweep] to continue the sweep, or [Transfer] to transfer the current value of the swept parameter as the last keyed in value

in the [SIG GEN] or [LF]([LF Gen]) mode, see Figs. 3-1-26 and 3-1-27. When the sweep is in the paused state, the [⇑] and [⇓] keys can be used to step the parameter up or down. The sweep can then be continued by pressing [Continue Sweep].

LOCAL

Stop

Sweep

Reset

Sweep

Transfer

Low

Intermod.

Level Start:

Level Stop:

Number of:

Steps

Step Time:

Sweep Status: PAUSED AT +6.4 dBm Sweep Mode: INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type: RF LEVEL

-144.0 +13.0

1000 -----

dBm

Fig. 3-1-26 Sweep stopped

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

626.407 6800 +6.4

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

MHz

C1901

LOCAL

Carrier

Freq.

Level

Devn.

ΦM

Wideband

Single Modulation Mode Modulation ENABLED

FM: kHz

Int F4: 1.0000 kHz

10.0

Source

Freq: F4

ON/OFF

Select

Source

C1902

Fig. 3-1-27 RF level transferred

3-1-34

OPERATION

Aborting the sweep

Press [Abort Sweep]. The sweep is reset and the RF (or LF) signal is removed from the appropriate output socket. The Sweep Parameters Menu as shown in Fig. 3-1-21 is displayed. If the sweep is restarted with the signal disabled, the [Abort Sweep] key is not displayed thus giving the user an indirect indication that no signal is being output from the instrument.

UTILITIES

The utilities options are accessible from two primary menus, Utilities Selection Menu 1 and Utilities Selection Menu 2. When a selection is made from either of these menus and [UTIL] is subsequently pressed, the primary menu is re-displayed. However, if instead a selection is made and then one of the other hard keys e.g. [SWEEP] is pressed, pressing [UTIL] subsequently once returns to the sub-menu, pressing it again returns to the primary menu. This provides an operating short-cut in that it allows a sub-menu to be re-accessed without first having to go again through the primary menu. This scheme does not apply to the [Time & Date] soft key or to the [Set Time & Date] soft keys. The display for Utilities Selection Menu 1 is shown in Fig. 3-1-28. To obtain Utilities Selection Menu 2 from the menu, press [Utils. Menu 2].

LOCAL

Display

Adjust

Hardware

Status

Software

Status

External

Trigger

Time &

Date Utils.

Menu 2

Utilities selection menu 1

Mod’n.

Mode

GPIB

Address

Calling

Tones

Carrier

Phase Int/Ext

Standard

Noise Mode

C0058

Fig. 3-1-28 Utilities selection menu 1

Adjusting the display

To adjust the display, press [Display Adjust]. The Display Adjust menu is displayed on the screen, see Fig. 3-1-29. The backlight, which is on when the instrument is switched ON, can be toggled ON or OFF using the [Display ON/OFF] key, and when ON can be varied in brightness by [Dim], [Medium 1], [Medium 2] and [Bright]. Contrast is adjusted with the control knob. Once adjusted, the LCD setting can be stored in the the non-volatile memory by pressing [Save LCD Setting] . The instrument always activates the backlighting whenever it is switched on.

3-1-35

OPERATION

LOCAL

Save LCD

Setting

Use Knob to Adjust Contrast

Display

ON/OFF

Dim

Medium 1

Medium 2

Bright

C0059

Fig. 3-1-29 Display adjust menu

Hardware information

To obtain a description of the instrument hardware, press [Hardware Status] and the following information is displayed:

Instrument type (e.g. 2041)

Serial no. (e.g. 1543256/045)

Options fitted (e.g. SECOND LF OSC.)

Attenuator type and serial number. For attenuator calibration information, refer to the Service Manual.

Software information

To obtain a description of the instrument software, press [Software Status] and the following information is displayed:

Software version number e.g. 2.008

Part number e.g. 44533-366

GPIB address e.g. 07

External trigger

The external trigger facility allows the rear panel TRIGGER input to be set up so as to initiate a defined change in the generator setting. To define the function press [External Trigger]. The display changes to show the External Trigger Selection Menu which has the following options:

[Sweep Start] Starts the external sweep.

[Sweep Step] Goes to next step of external sweep.

[Send Seq Tones] Equivalent to [Send Tones] on main menu.

[Recall Up] Recall next store.

[Recall Down] Recall previous store.

[No Ext. Trigger] Trigger ignored (default).

A switch closure or voltage transition from +5 V to 0 V applied to the rear panel socket initiates the trigger action.

3-1-36

OPERATION

Setting the modulation mode

Modulation mode selection allows the generator to be configured to provide carriers modulated by one, two or four (2 internal and 2 external) modulation sources.

Press [Mod'n Mode] to display the Modulation Mode Selection Menu, choose the type of modulation required by pressing [Single], [Dual], [Comp] or [Dual Comp] see Page 3-1-14, 'Modulation mode selection'.

Setting the GPIB address

Press [GPIB Address] to display the GPIB Address Change Menu. To change the address, enter the address, in the range 0-30, via the numerical key pad and press [enter]. The data is then saved automatically in the non-volatile memory. For information on operating the instrument via the GPIB, refer to Chapter 3-2.

Sequential calling tones

Sequential calling tones are set up from a utility menu, Fig. 3-1-28, and are activated by pressing [Send Tones] which appears on the main menu after the tones have been set up. [Send

Tones] also appears on the calling tones menu. Pressing the [Calling Tones] soft key at Utilities Selection Menu 1 calls up the Sequential Calling Tones Utility menu, see 'SIGNALLING'.

Carrier phase adjustment

Pressing [Carrier Phase] displays the Carrier Phase Control Menu. To advance or retard the carrier phase (with respect to its current phase) in steps of π/128 radians, approximately 1.4°, rotate the control knob clockwise to advance the phase and counter-clockwise to retard the phase.

Selection of frequency standard

Pressing [Int/Ext Standard] changes the menu to display the Frequency Standard Selection Menu which controls the internal/external frequency standard facilities. The signal

generator can be set to operate from an external standard or from the internal standard with or without the standard being provided on the rear panel FREQ STD IN/OUT connector.

The menu has the following options:

Output DISABLED Internal standard disabled at the FREQ STD

IN/OUT connector.

1 MHz Int. Std. 5 MHz Int. Std. 10 MHz Int. Std.

1 MHz Ext. Std. 5 MHz Ext. Std. 10 MHz Ext. Std.

These settings are saved in non-volatile memory to ensure that the settings are recalled when power to the instrument is restored.

Internal standard with an output at the selected frequency on the FREQ STD IN/OUT connector.

Accepts an external frequency standard at the selected frequency on the FREQ STD IN/OUT connector.

3-1-37

OPERATION

Noise mode selection

The 2040 series of signal generators have three noise modes. The two low noise modes (low noise mode 1 and low noise mode 2) provide the lowest levels of SSB phase noise and residual FM whilst the normal noise mode allows the instrument to operate with the widest range of modulation capabilities. The capabilities of the different modes are as follows:

Low noise mode 1

In this mode the 2040 series offer the lowest level of noise with a restricted FM deviation capability and a reduced AM bandwidth. Phase modulation is not available and the carrier sweep capability is not provided. This mode is suitable for a wide range of applications where relatively low modulating frequencies are used.

Low noise mode 2

Compared with low noise mode 1, noise mode 2 provides a wider AM bandwidth with a slightly higher level of noise. This mode should be used when full AM performance is required with good noise performance.

Normal noise mode

In the normal mode the 2040 series offer a level of performance equivalent to the 2030 series. Full FM, ΦM and AM capabilities are available and the full range of sweep facilities are implemented.

LOCAL

Noise Mode Selection Menu

Low Noise Mode 1 (Reduced AM B/W)

Low Noise Mode 2 (Normal AM B/W)

Normal Noise Mode

Noise

Mode 1

Noise

Mode 2

Normal

Mode

C0060

Fig. 3-1-30 Noise mode selection menu

Press the [Noise Mode] soft key on the Utilities Selection Menu 1 and in the Noise Mode Selection Menu press the relevant soft key to select the desired operating mode.

Selection menu 2

Press [Utils. Menu 2] from Utilities Selection Menu 1. The display now changes to show Utilities Selection Menu 2, see Fig. 3-1-31. This menu allows access to the protected data.

Utilities on this menu have either 1st or 2nd level protection.

3-1-38

OPERATION

If the instrument is locked, the appropriate level must be unlocked otherwise the utility will only be usable in a read only mode. To change parameters, the function must be unlocked. The procedure is:

[UTIL] ⇒ [Utils. Menu 2] ⇒ [Lock & Unlock] ⇒ Function Unlocking Utility menu ⇒

[Unlock Level 1] or, for servicing, [Unlock Level 2].

The correct password must be entered. Many of these activities are intended for use in servicing and are described in the Service Manual.

LOCAL

Cal.

Value Latch

Data

Elapsed

Time

Set Time

& Date Lock &

Unlock

Utils.

Menu 1

Utilities Selection Menu 2

Display

Blanking

Power Up

Options

Level

Units

RF Level

Utility

C0939

Fig. 3-1-31 Utilities selection menu 2

Calibration

Pressing [Cal. Value] brings the Calibration Utilities Menu to the display, see Fig. 3-1-32. This menu shows when the last complete check was made and when the next calibration check is due. It also shows the date on which the individual items were adjusted. It is possible to inspect the calibration value of these items but calibration cannot be carried out unless the protection facility is unlocked at Level 2. Full details regarding calibration can be found in the Service Manual.

LOCAL

Low

Noise

Calibration Utilities Menu

Path / Src Gain Adjusted Modulation Adjusted FM Tracking Adjusted RF Level Adjusted Freq Standard Adjusted

Last Complete Check : 1990-03-30 Next Cal. Check Due : 1992-03-30

: 1990-03-30 : 1990-03-30 : 1990-03-30 : 1990-03-30 : 1990-03-30

Source/

Path

Mod’n.

Selfcal

Level

Int. Freq

Standard

C0062

Fig. 3-1-32 Calibration utilities menu

3-1-39

OPERATION

Latch data

The latch data menu is intended for use as a diagnostic aid by allowing data to be sent to latches within the instrument. For further information consult the Service Manual.

Elapsed time

The elapsed time facility displays the number of operating hours since the function was last reset. Pressing [Elapsed Time] displays the number of operating hours and the date on which the function was last set to zero. This facility can be used to assess the instrument's operational reliability and utilisation.

Setting time and date

Unlock to Level 1 (see 'Selection menu 2' and 'Locking and unlocking'). Set the time and date by pressing [Set Time & Date] at Utilities Selection Menu 2. The screen shows the current time, date and day of the week. The time shown does not change during display. The clock is powered by a rear panel battery, see Chap. 2, 'BATTERY REPLACEMENT'.

[Set Time] Press this key to set the time. Using the keypad enter the hour and minutes

(24 hour clock). Separate the hour and minutes fields by a hyphen, e.g. 21-30. Terminate

the entry by [enter] which starts the clock.

[Set Date] Press this key to set the date (in ISO format). Using the keypad enter the

year, month and day. Separate the year, month and day fields by a hyphen e.g. 1992-04-

23. Terminate the entry by [enter]. The day of the week is automatically determined

when the date is set.

Locking and unlocking

Press [Lock & Unlock] . When Level 1 and Level 2 are both locked, the menu displays three soft keys:

Unlock Level 1

Unlock Level 2

Serial No. Set

Press [Unlock Level 1] and the message Enter 4 Digit Password: will appear on the display. Level 1 is unlocked by entering the 4 digits on the key pad and pressing [enter]. The menu will change and two soft keys, [Lock Level 1] and [Lock Keyboard], will appear on the left-hand side. The default password is 1234. If this password is not recognised by the instrument, the password has been changed by your calibration/repair department personnel who should be consulted for further information. [Unlock Level 2] is only used during servicing. Refer to the Service Manual for details.

Keyboard locking

Unlock to Level 1, see 'Selection menu 2' and 'Locking and unlocking' above. Keyboard operation is disabled by pressing [Lock Keyboard]. The instrument automatically returns to the main menu which indicates the locked status by displaying a key-shaped icon in the top left-hand corner of the display. The keyboard can be re-enabled by entering the 4 digit password for Level 1 using the keypad and pressing [enter]. The keyboard status is saved in the non-volatile memory.

3-1-40

OPERATION

Display blanking

To prevent sensitive data from being displayed, the 2040 series Signal Generators include a display blanking facility. This allows various parts of the display to be replaced by a series of dashes so that values entered by the user or recalled from the memory will not be visible. The instrument must be unlocked to Level 2 to enable or disable this facility. Consult the Service Manual for further information.

Power up options

Unlock to Level 1, see 'Selection menu 2' and 'Locking and unlocking' above. Two options are available by pressing [Power Up Options] at Utilities Selection Menu 2. These options are [Factory] and [Memory]. When [Factory] is pressed, the factory set power up state is recalled. Pressing [Memory] causes [Memory Number] to appear at the right-hand side of the menu. To change the power up state of the instrument to a particular setting, enter the memory number of the full store on the key pad and press [enter].

RF level units

RF output level units can be altered using the [Level Units] key. The level units may be entered as an EMF or PD, and the logarithmic units can be referred to volts (dBV), millivolts (dBmV), microvolts (dBμV) or to 1 milliwatt into 50 Ω(dBm). Select the units by pressing [Level Units] which displays the RF Level Units Selection Menu shown in Fig. 3-1-33.

To change the default RF level units shown at switch on, first unlock the instrument to Level 1. This causes an additional soft key to be displayed in the top left box (see Fig. 3-1-33). Select the required RF level units and press the additional [Save RF Units] key to save these as the default units.

LOCAL

Save RF

Units

dBV

dBmV

Volts

LF Level

Units

RF Level Units Selection Menu

Logarithmic Units

Linear Units

:dBm :EMF

dBm

dBV

EMF

dBmV

EMF

EMFPD

Volts EMF

C0330

Fig. 3-1-33 RF level units selection menu (shown unlocked to level 1)

3-1-41

OPERATION

LF level units

LF level logarithmic units may be referenced to 1 volt EMF (dBV EMF), 1 millivolt EMF (dBmV EMF) or 1 milliwatt into 600 Ω (dBm). Linear units are always set EMF values.

Select the units by pressing the [LF Level Units] soft key on the RF Level Units Selection Menu which calls up the LF Level Units Selection Menu shown in Fig. 3-1-34.

To change the default LF level units shown at switch on, first unlock the instrument to Level 1. This causes an additional soft key to be displayed in the top left box (see Fig. 3-1-34). Select the required LF level units and press the additional [Save LF Units] key to save these as the default units.

LOCAL

Save LF

Units

LF Level Units Selection Menu

dBm

dBV

EMF

Logarithmic Units : dBm (600 ohms) Linear Units : EMF

Exit

Fig. 3-1-34 LF level units selection menu (shown unlocked to level 1)

RF level utility

Selecting [RF Level Utility] from the Utilities Selection Menu 2 displays the RF Level Utility Menu shown in Fig. 3-1-35.

Extended

Extended Hysteresis : ENABLED

RF Level Utility Menu

dBmV

LOCAL

Offsets

EMF

C0328

CW Burst

Control

CW Burst Suppression for Pulse Modulation

: ENABLED

RF Level

Limit

C1892

Fig. 3-1-35 RF level utility menu ([CW Burst Control] and associated text only

appears when the relevant option is fitted)

3-1-42

OPERATION

Extended hysteresis

Pressing the [Extended] soft key toggles the status (Enable/Disable) of extended hysteresis. When enabled, this provides an electronic level function which uses the internal D/A converter, rather than the attenuators, to provide an uninterrupted (glitch-free) level control. This increases the electronic level control range to +12 to -18 dB. A +HYST or -HYST message is displayed on the Sig Gen menu to indicate when in hysteresis and in which direction.

During normal operation the RF output is controlled as shown in Fig. 3-1-36 by electronically controlling the output level over a limited range (normally approximately 0 to +6 dBm) and switching in 6 dB attenuator pads to provide lower RF levels.

When the hysteresis function is enabled and a keyboard entry of the RF level is made, the signal generator sets the level in the normal way. However, when the rotary control is enabled and used to adjust the RF level, the normal attenuator changes are suppressed. When the level is increased, the attenuator change is suppressed for 6 dB above the normal range and +HYST is displayed. Similarly, when the level is reduced attenuator changes are suppressed for 12 dB below the normal range and -HYST is displayed. When the extended hysteresis range is exceeded the attenuator and the electronic control are reset to values corresponding to the normal operation of the generator. An example of extended hysteresis operation is shown in Fig. 3-1-37.

With the rotary control in use in the hysteresis range of operation, the generator can be instructed to set the RF level to the same value, but set using the [V], [mV], [μV] or [dB] keys. This is a useful facility if the user is investigating squelch systems and wants to ensure that varying the level around the current value will not result in an attenuator change.

+13 dBm

+6 dBm

0 dBm

RF output before attenuator

0 dB

6 dB

12 dB

18 dB

Attenuator setting

24 dB

-24 dBm

-18 dBm

Requested output level

-12 dBm

-6 dBm 0 dBm

Fig. 3-1-36 Normal signal generator level control operation

+13 dBm

C0956

3-1-43

OPERATION

+12 dBm

+6 dBm

0 dBm

-6 dBm

RF output before attenuator

-12 dBm

Requested

-24 dBm

-HYST

displayed

-9 dBm

-6 dBm

+HYST

displayed

RF level

0 dBm-12 dBm-18 dBm

C0957

Fig. 3-1-37 Extended hysteresis operation with an RF level of -9 dBm as the starting level

Note...

In the hysteresis range the RF level is set in a different way to the normal operation and

this will affect some performance aspects. AM distortion and accuracy will be affected.

With no AM selected, the effect on RF accuracy in the +HYST region will be relatively

minor. But the effect in the -HYST region on RF level accuracy will be more significant.

Burst control

Applies only if Option 002, Pulse Modulation is fitted. Pressing the [CW Burst Control] key toggles between normal operation and Burst Suppression operation. For details refer to ‘Pulse modulation’ above.

RF offset

With the instrument unlocked to Level 1, see 'Locking and unlocking' above, pressing [Offsets] produces the layout for the soft keys shown in Fig. 3-1-38.

LOCAL

Save

Offset

Enable/ Disable

Offset

ON/OFF

Carrier : Feq.

RF Level : dBm

1 050.000 000

-102.0 ON

Offsets: DISABLED

MHz

Carrier

Freq.

Offset

Value

EXIT

Offset (675MHz - 1.35GHz) :

0.0

Fig. 3-1-38 RF offset adjustment menu

3-1-44

dB OFF

C1484

OPERATION

To compensate for cable or switching losses or to standardize a group of instruments so that they give identical measurements, the RF output level can be offset by up to ±2 dB. This is done by selecting [Offset Value] and either keying in the value or making the adjustment with the control knob. A separate offset can be set for the carrier frequency range 10 kHz to 337.5 MHz and each octave above this. Offsets can be turned on or off individually using the [Offset ON/OFF] key or all offsets can be turned on or off via the [Enable/Disable] key.

Note...

This facility is replaced by a more versatile system on generators supplied with Option

008, RF profiles and complex sweep (see Annex B).

RF level limit

With the instrument unlocked to level 1, see 'Locking and unlocking' above, pressing the [RF Level Limit] key causes the RF Level Limit Menu shown in Fig. 3-1-39 to be displayed.

LOCAL

Save

Setting

Enable/

Disable

Exit

RF Level Limit Menu

RF Level Limit : dBm

RF Level Limit : DISABLED

+13.0

RF level

Limit

C1893

Fig. 3-1-39 RF level limit menu

The maximum peak RF level output can be specified in the range -138 to +19 dBm for the standard instrument or in the range -138 to +25 dBm for an instrument fitted with the high output power Option 003. As a result the keyed-in RF output value can be limited as a means of protecting sensitive devices connected to the RF output of the signal generator. Alternatively, the RF output power can be extended by an additional 6 dB for overrange testing. If the requested output level is in the overrange region the uncal message is displayed on the Sig Gen menu.

The RF level limit is set by selecting [RF Level Limit] and entering the value required. Units may be μV, mV or dB. The choice of volts EMF, volts PD and the dB reference is made by using the RF Level Units utility (see 'RF level units' above). The RF level limit can be turned on or off by means of the [Enable/Disable] key.

By pressing the [Save Setting] key, the RF level limit value and status is stored to nonvolatile memory which is recalled at switch-on and during an instrument reset.

Note...

When in the overrange region, the signal generator is capable of generating much higher

signal levels. If the frequency is set below 21.09375 MHz and the RF output is not

terminated in 50 Ω, the RPP may be tripped by the internal RF signal. If this happens the

RPP can only be reset if a 50 Ω termination is connected to the RF OUTPUT socket.

3-1-45

OPERATION

LOW FREQUENCY OPERATION

The instrument has two modes of LF operation. The LF output can be used either as a modulation signal monitor or as an independent low frequency generator. Pressing [LF] displays either the LF Monitor Menu or the LF Generator Menu, depending on which mode was last selected.

LF monitor

The left-hand side of the LF Monitor Menu, varies according to the modulation mode; single, composite, dual or dual composite. In each case the right-hand side is occupied by a single soft key, [LF Gen.].

TABLE 3-1-1

LIST OF AVAILABLE SOFTKEYS FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION MODES

Single Composite Dual Dual Composite

Mod. Drive Mod. Drive AM Drive AM Drive Mod. Source Mod. 1 Source AM Source AM 1 Source Mod. 2 Source - AM 2 Source FM/ΦM Drive FM/ΦM Drive FM/ΦM Source FM/ΦM 1 Source

- FM/ΦM 2 Source

Modulation source monitoring

Internal sources only may be monitored. To monitor a modulating signal source, press the appropriate key. The source monitor level and the source information appear on the display. The modulating signal output is fed to the LF OUTPUT socket at a fixed level of 1 V.

Modulation drive monitoring

Modulation drive monitoring is intended for the user to monitor complex modulating signals from both internal and external sources. To monitor a modulation drive, press the appropriate key. The LF monitor level and the selected drive are displayed.

When the summed AM drive signal is selected, a signal which is the sum of both AM channels is fed to the LF OUTPUT socket, if in a composite or dual composite mode. The LF level function controls the output level at 100% depth, therefore the actual output voltage depends on the modulation depth. If AM is turned off, the associated LF output is removed.

The summed F M/ΦM drive signal is also fed to the LF OUTPUT socket. The signal is the sum of both FM/ΦM channels. The FM drive signal at the monitored point is nominally 1 V but varies over a range of approximately 3 dB (except at deviation values below about 1 kHz) depending on the set modulation and the carrier frequency selected. If FM/ΦM is turned off, the LF signal is removed. If one component of a composite modulation setting is turned off, the component which is left on remains at its original level.

Note...

Wideband FM and pulse modulating signals are not accessible via the monitor mode.

3-1-46

OPERATION

Use as an independent LF generator

To use the instrument as an independent LF generator, select [LF Gen.] at the LF Monitor Menu. The LF Generator Menu appears on the display as shown in Fig. 3-1-40.

Fig. 3-1-40 LF generator menu

In this mode, one internal oscillator must be used exclusively for this task. Consequently if only one oscillator is fitted, no internal modulation is available to the signal generator while the LF generator is in use. If a second oscillator is fitted, only one is available to the signal generator.

LF frequency and LF level are adjusted by pressing the appropriate key and entering the value via the numerical keypad and pressing [enter]. To set step values, press [LF Step] for the LF Step Menu. [Freq. Step] or [Level Step] can be selected and the values entered as before. To display the LF Total Shift Menu, press [LF Δ].

To regain the oscillator as a modulation source, select the monitor mode.

Note...

The LF output is entered as V/mV/μV or dBm/dBV/dBmV representing the open circuit

voltage fed to a high impedance, but the steps are entered in dB and the control knob has

a fixed resolution of 0.1 dB.

MEMORY Memory recall

Pressing the [MEM] hard key after switch on, causes the Memory Recall Menu, Fig. 3-1-41, to be displayed. There are four types of recall, full, partial, carrier frequency and sweep. Provision is made for an option not to recall the carrier frequency for full and partial stores. This allows one carrier frequency to be used with a series of stored settings. Pressing

3-1-47

OPERATION

[Inhibit ON/OFF] turns the option ON and OFF. The state of the option is indicated on the display.

LOCAL

Memory

Store

Inhibit

ON/OFF

Return

Memory Recall Menu

Full Store Number :

Inhibit Carrier Recall Store Protect

0 --

: OFF : OFF

Full

Recall

Partial Recall

Carrier

Recall

Sweep

Recall

C0940

Fig. 3-1-41 Memory recall menu

Full recall

Selecting [Full Recall] enables the recall of a complete instrument setting, i.e. carrier frequency, RF level, modulations and their increments, ON/OFF and source information. Also recalled are all 6 modulation oscillator frequencies, plus one increment, and the LF Generator/Monitor setting. [Inhibit ON/OFF] provides the option not to recall the carrier frequency setting. The state of the option is indicated on the display. There are 50 locations (numbered 0 to 49) for full recall. A further location (50) allows the factory default settings to be recalled. The factory default settings are listed in Table 3-2-1.

Partial recall

This is a less comprehensive recall of only those parameters which currently affect the RF output; carrier frequency, RF level, modulations in use (without increments), ON/OFF and source information and the two modulation oscillator frequencies in use. As with full store, the option not to recall the carrier frequency is provided. There are 50 locations (numbered 0 to 49) for partial storage.

Carrier recall

The carrier frequency store has 100 locations (numbered 0 to 99) which may be recalled when required.

Sweep recall

The sweep store has 20 locations (numbered 0 to 19) containing comp

lete sets of sweep

parameters which may be recalled when required.

Note...

3-1-48

OPERATION

Sweep parameters can be recalled whether the instrument is in sweep mode or not. They

are only used when sweep is selected.

Recalling data

To recall data, press the soft key for the type of recall required, e.g. [Carrier Recall] and select the location by means of the key pad. The [⇑] and [⇓] keys can be used to recall the next locations. Pressing [Return] recalls the location last specified on the numerical key pad.

Stores can be incremented or decremented externally by means of the SWEEP TRIGGER socket (see 'External trigger' above).

Note...

The settings for the sequential calling tones are recalled via the calling tones menu in

UTILITIES, see Fig. 3-1-28. These stores can be erased from the Store Erase Menu.

Inhibit ON/OFF

When recalling full or partial stores it is sometimes useful for the existing carrier frequency setting to remain and not be replaced by the stored setting. The Inhibit Carrier Recall facility offers this capability. To prevent the current carrier frequency from being replaced use the [Inhibit ON/OFF] key to set the Inhibit Carrier Recall annunciator to ON.

To allow the carrier frequency setting to be overwritten use the [Inhibit ON/OFF] key to set the Inhibit Carrier Recall annunciator to OFF.

Memory stepping facility

The [Sig Gen] key has a toggle action in that pressing the key a second time displays the Memory Stepping menu shown in Fig. 3-1-42. This facility enables the memory to be stepped up and down from a start location (selected using the Memory Recall Menu), whilst displaying the settings for each location.

Carrier : Freq.

RF Level :

Single Modulation Mode

2 700.000 0000

-144.0 ON

Int F4 : 1.0000 kHz

Fig. 3-1-42 Memory stepping menu

3-1-49

dBm

Int Std: 10 MHz

Modulation ENABLED

Hz ON

LOCALFULL 48

MHz

Memory

Down

Memory

Return

C1030

OPERATION

Pressing [Memory Up] or [Memory Down] respectively increments or decrements the memory location. With each step the settings stored in the location are displayed together with, at the top left of screen, the memory type and location e.g. Full 48. Incrementing and decrementing can also be done externally by means of the SWEEP TRIGGER socket (see 'External trigger' above). Pressing [Memory Return] at any time returns to the start location.

When a limit is reached, e.g. for Full Recall locations 0 and 49, a further step will reset to the start location. But note that if the start location coincides with a limit, trying to step past that limit will cause the limit and start locations (in this case the same numbered locations) to be alternately displayed. To make the user aware of this situation, the message At Top Limit or At Bottom Limit is displayed at the top centre of screen.

Memory store

Pressing the [Memory Store] soft key on the Memory Recall Menu causes the Memory Store Menu, Fig. 3-1-43, to be displayed. There are four types of store, full, partial, carrier

frequency and sweep.

To prevent the accidental overwriting of memory contents, a store protection facility is provided. If this feature is enabled, the screen legend will indicate Store Protect: ON and the store key legends at the right of the screen will not appear.

Note...

Sequential calling tone sequences can be stored from the Sequential Calling Tones Utility

menu. There is provision for storing up to 20 tone sequences.

Memory Store Menu

Carrier Store Number :

Fig. 3-1-43 Memory store menu

0 --

LOCAL

Full

Store

Partial

Store

Carrier

Store

Sweep

Store

C0941

3-1-50

OPERATION

Full store

Selecting [Full Store] enables the storage of a complete instrument setting, i.e. carrier frequency, RF level, modulations and their increments, ON/OFF and source information. Also stored are all 6 modulation oscillator frequencies, plus one increment, and the LF Generator Monitor setting. There are 50 locations (numbered 0 to 49) for full storage. A further location (50) holds the factory default settings. This memory cannot be written to by the user. The factory default settings are listed in Table 3-2-1.

A Full Store contains the following information:

Carrier frequency setting

Carrier frequency step size

RF level setting

RF level step size

All modulation settings

All modulation step sizes

Modulation mode and status

All six internal oscillator frequency settings

The modulation frequency step size

LF generator frequency setting

LF generator frequency step size

LF generator level setting

LF generator level step size

LF monitor settings

Display blanking settings

Partial store

This is a less comprehensive store of only those parameters which currently affect the RF output; carrier frequency, RF level, modulations in use (without increments), ON/OFF and source information and the two modulation oscillator frequencies in use. There are 50 locations (numbered 0 to 49) for partial storage.

A Partial Store contains the following information:

Carrier frequency setting

RF level setting

The active modulation settings

Modulation mode and status

The frequency of the active modulation frequencies

Either the LF generator frequency and level setting or the LF monitor setting (depending on which mode is selected)

Carrier store

The carrier frequency store has 100 locations (numbered 0 to 99) for the storage of carrier frequency only. This store can be used in conjunction with the full and partial stores to apply a set of test conditions to a range of frequencies.

3-1-51

OPERATION

Sweep store

The sweep store has 20 locations (numbered 0 to 19) for the storage of complete sets of sweep parameters.

Storing data

To store data, press the soft key for the type of store required, e.g. [Partial Store] and define a store location via the numerical key pad, then press [enter].

Note...

The settings for the sequential calling tones are stored via the calling tones menu in

UTILITIES, see Fig. 3-1-28. These stores can be erased from the Store Erase Menu.

Store erase

Unlock to Level 1. Pressing [Store Erase] causes the Store Erase Menu to appear on the screen. The opportunity to erase all the stores of a given type is available by pressing the relevant key and then pressing [Erase].

Frequency hopping

Carrier frequency hopping is a GPIB operation only available in the normal noise mode. The instrument can be instructed to hop between any of the frequencies contained in the carrier frequency stores and a sequence of up to 1024 hops may be entered. The time interval between hops can also be entered .

Before executing a carrier hopping sequence, the frequencies must be loaded into the carrier frequency stores (0 - 99). This can be achieved via the GPIB using the following commands -

CFRQ < frequency value >

STO:CFRQ < store number >

To enter the frequency hopping mode, enter the following GPIB commands -

This will cause the screen as shown in Fig. 3-1-44 to appear on the signal generator -

IMODE SWEEPER SWEEP:TYPE HOP

3-1-52

OPERATION

GPIB OPERATION ONLY !!!

REMOTE

Go To

Local

Step Time:

Sweep Status: WAITING FOR TRIGGER Sweep Mode: INTERNAL SINGLE Sweep Type: CARRIER HOPPING

C0067

Fig. 3-1-44 Frequency hopping menu

To load in a sequence, the following command is used -

HOPSEQ <n0>,<n1>,<n2>,<n3>,<n4>......

where <n0> - <n4> are numeric values in the range 0 - 99 corresponding to the carrier frequency store at which the necessary frequency is stored. The hopping sequence length is determined by the amount of numbers entered.

The other parameter that can be set to control the hopping sequence is the time between steps. This is done using the command -

SWEEP:HOP:TIME < t >

where t represents the number of milliseconds.

The 100 frequencies are precalculated and loaded into a software sweep table using the GPIB command -

SWEEP:CALC

Note:...

If any of the carrier frequency stores have become corrupt and so result in a checksum

error, the following message will appear in the centre of the screen -

CARRIER STORE < x > CORRUPTED.

RE - ENTER FREQUENCY.

where x is the corrupted store number.

With the frequencies, sequence and step time loaded, the hopping operation is controlled in the same manner as the ordinary sweeps by using the following commands -

3-1-53

OPERATION

SWEEP:GO

SWEEP:HALT pause the hopping sequence. SWEEP:UP go up to the next step while paused. SWEEP:DN go down to previous step while paused. SWEEP:CONT continue hopping sequence. SWEEP:RESET reset sequence to start value.

When paused the carrier store number is displayed on the screen.

Note...

There are no markers available and the operation of transferring the paused value to the

main parameter is not permitted.

To enter a new sequence use the HOPSEQ command but the number 255 is inserted at the beginning of the string.

e.g. existing sequence - 0, 6, 53, 72, 43, 96

sequence required - 22, 16, 7, 41, 59, 66

send GPIB command -

HOPSEQ 255,22,16,7,41,59,66

To add to an existing sequence use the HOPSEQ command without 255 at the beginning of the string.

e.g. existing sequence - 12, 24, 36, 48

sequence required - 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84

send GPIB command -

HOPSEQ 60,72,84

To determine the length of the hopping sequence the following GPIB command is used -

HOPSEQ?

This returns a value 1 - 1024.

Like other sweep settings the frequency hopping mode can be set to -

single sweep (internal trigger),

continuous sweep (internal trigger) or

external sweep (external trigger)

starts the hopping sequence (and will do any precalculation if required).

3-1-54

Aeroflex 2041 Operating Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

PATENT PROTECTION

PREFACE

Precautions

Précautions

Symboles signalant un risque

Vorsichtsmaßnahmen

Gefahrensymbole

Precauzioni

Simboli di pericolo

Precauciones

Símbolos de peligro

GENERAL INFORMATION

INTRODUCTION

Display

Frequency selection

Output

Modulation

Incrementing

Sweep

Non-volatile memory

Programming

Software protection

Spectral purity

Calibration

Date stamping

Options

Option 001 - Second modulation oscillator

Option 002 - Pulse modulation

Option 003 - High output power

Option 006 - Avionics

Option 008 - RF profiles and complex sweep

Option 012 - Electronic attenuator

Option 105 - Modified pulse modulator

PERFORMANCE DATA

VERSIONS, OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES

INSTALLATION

MOUNTING ARRANGEMENTS

Class I power cords (3-core)

General

British

North American

Continental Europe

GOODS-IN CHECKS

CONNECTING TO SUPPLY

Voltage selector

Fuses

GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS (GPIB)

GPIB cable connection

GPIB connector contact assignments

IEEE to IEC conversion

Interface bus connection

RACK MOUNTING

BATTERY REPLACEMENT

CLEANING

Cleaning the LCD window

PUTTING INTO STORAGE

OPERATION

INTRODUCTION

CONVENTIONS

FRONT PANEL

REAR PANEL

THE MENUS

FIRST TIME USE

Switching on

Changing the value of the selected parameter

Enabling or disabling the modulation

Using the control knob

DETAILED OPERATION

CARRIER FREQUENCY

Carrier ON/OFF

OUTPUT LEVEL

Choice of units

Reverse power protection

MODULATION

Modulation modes

Single