AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORS
2040 Series
Operating Manual
Document part no. 46892/074
Issue 27
23 April 2007
A
SIGNAL GENERATORS
2040 series
2040 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz
2041 10 kHz to 2.7 GHz
2042 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz
Includes information on:
Option 001 - Second modulation oscillator
Option 002 - Pulse modulation
Option 003 - High output power
Option 006 - Avionics
Option 008 - RF profiles and complex sweep
Option 012 - Electronic attenuator
Option 100 - Single fuse version
Option 105 - Modified pulse modulator
Option 112 - EXT MOD 2 input 600
This manual applies to instruments with software issues of 9.07 and higher.
Ω
Operating Manual
©
eroflex International Ltd. 2007
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or recorded by any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing by Aeroflex International Ltd.
(hereafter referred to throughout the document as ‘Aeroflex’).
Manual part no. 46892/074 (PDF version)
Based on Issue 27 of the printed manual
23 April 2007
i
Contents
Tab
numbers
PREFACE
PRECAUTIONS
Chapter 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
Chapter 3-1 OPERATION
Chapter 3-2 GPIB OPERATION
Chapter 4-1 BRIEF TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5-1 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
App. 5-1-A ACCEPTANCE TESTING SECOND
MODULATION OSCILLATOR OPTION
App. 5-1-B ACCEPTANCE TESTING PULSE
MODULATION OPTION
App. 5-1-C ACCEPTANCE TESTING HIGH OUTPUT
POWER OPTION
App. 5-1-D ACCEPTANCE TESTING ELECTRONIC
ATTENUATOR OPTION
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ANNEX A OPTION 006 AVIONICS
ANNEX B OPTION 008 RF PROFILES AND COMPLEX
SWEEP
INDEX
CONTACTS
11
12
13
14
ii
PATENT PROTECTION
The 2040 Series Signal Generators are protected by the following patents:
GB 2030391
US 4323943
FR 80.26256
GB 2064892
US 4400630
GB 2158999
US 4672336
GB 2217542
US 5061909
EP 0322139
DE 3229112
GB 2103035
US 4518929
GB 2214012
US 4870384
GB 1601822
US 4194164
EP 0125790
GB 2140232
US 4609881
GB 2258774
US 5375065
PREFACE
Instruments fitted with Option 006
}
iii
Precautions
These terms have specific meanings in this manual:
WARNING
information to prevent personal injury.
information to prevent damage to the equipment.
important general information.
Hazard symbols
The meaning of hazard symbols appearing on the equipment and in the documentation is as
follows:
Symbol Description
Refer to the operating manual when this symbol is marked on
the instrument. Familiarize yourself with the nature of the
hazard and the actions that may have to be taken.
Dangerous voltage
Toxic hazard
General conditions of use
This product is designed and tested to comply with the requirements of IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety
requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use’, for Class I,
portable equipment and is for use in a pollution degree 2 environment. The equipment is designed
to operate from an installation category I and II supply.
Equipment should be protected from the ingress of liquids and precipitation such as rain, snow,
etc. When moving the equipment from a cold to a hot environment, it is important to allow the
temperature of the equipment to stabilize before it is connected to the supply to avoid
condensation forming. The equipment must only be operated within the environmental conditions
specified in Chapter 1 ‘Performance data’ in the Operating manual, otherwise the protection
provided by the equipment may be impaired.
This product is not approved for use in hazardous atmospheres or medical applications. If the
equipment is to be used in a safety-related application, e.g. avionics or military applications, the
suitability of the product must be assessed and approved for use by a competent person.
WARNING
Fuses
Electrical hazards (AC supply voltage)
This equipment conforms with IEC Safety Class I, meaning that it is provided with a protective
grounding lead. To maintain this protection the supply lead must always be connected to the
source of supply via a socket with a grounded contact.
Be aware that the supply filter contains capacitors that may remain charged after the equipment is
disconnected from the supply. Although the stored energy is within the approved safety
requirements, a slight shock may be felt if the plug pins are touched immediately after removal.
Do not remove instrument covers as this may result in personal injury. There are no userserviceable parts inside.
Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. See list of Service Centers at rear of manual.
Note that there are supply fuses in both the live and neutral wires of the supply lead. If only one
of these fuses should rupture, certain parts of the equipment could remain at supply potential.
iv
Fuses
For Option 100, single fuse version only:
Note that the internal supply fuse is in series with the live conductor of the supply lead. If
connection is made to a 2-pin unpolarized supply socket, it is possible for the fuse to become
transposed to the neutral conductor, in which case, parts of the equipment could remain at supply
potential even after the fuse has ruptured.
WARNING
Fire hazard
WARNING
Toxic hazards
WARNING
Beryllia
WARNING
Make sure that only fuses of the correct rating and type are used for replacement.
If an integrally fused plug is used on the supply lead, ensure that the fuse rating is commensurate
with the current requirements of this equipment. See under ‘Performance data’ in Chapter 1 for
power requirements.
Some of the components used in this equipment may include resins and other materials which give
off toxic fumes if incinerated. Take appropriate precautions, therefore, in the disposal of these
items.
Beryllia (beryllium oxide) is used in the construction of some of the components in this
equipment.
This material, when in the form of fine dust or vapor and inhaled into the lungs, can cause a
respiratory disease. In its solid form, as used here, it can be handled quite safely although it is
prudent to avoid handling conditions which promote dust formation by surface abrasion.
Because of this hazard, you are advised to be very careful in removing and disposing of these
components. Do not put them in the general industrial or domestic waste or dispatch them by post.
They should be separately and securely packed and clearly identified to show the nature of the
hazard and then disposed of in a safe manner by an authorized toxic waste contractor.
Lithium
A Lithium battery (or a Lithium battery contained within an IC) is used in this equipment.
As Lithium is a toxic substance, the battery should in no circumstances be crushed, incinerated or
disposed of in normal waste.
Do not attempt to recharge this type of battery. Do not short circuit or force discharge since this
might cause the battery to vent, overheat or explode.
WARNING
Heavy equipment
The weight of this equipment exceeds the 18 kg (40 lb) guideline for manual handling by a single
person. To avoid the risk of injury, an assessment should be carried out prior to handling which
takes account of the load, workplace environment and individual capability, in accordance with
European Directive 90/269/EEC and associated National Regulations.
v
WARNING
Tilt facility
When the instrument is in the tilt position, it is advisable, for stability reaso ns, not to stack other
instruments on top of it.
Pulse input
Before switching the instrument on, ensure that no signal voltage is present on the PULSE INPUT
socket.
Static sensitive components
This equipment contains static sensitive components which may be damaged by handling — refer
to the Maintenance Manual for handling precautions.
Suitability for use
This equipment has been designed and manufactured by Aeroflex to generate low-power RF
signals for testing radio communications apparatus.
If the equipment is not used in a manner specified by Aeroflex, the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired.
Aeroflex has no control over the use of this equipment and cannot be held responsible for events
arising from its use other than for its intended purpose.
vi
Précautions
Les termes suivants ont, dans ce manuel, des significations particulières:
WARNING
contient des informations pour éviter toute blessure au personnel.
contient des informations pour éviter les dommages aux équipements.
contient d'importantes informations d'ordre général.
Symboles signalant un risque
La signification des symboles de danger apparaissant sur l'équipement et dans la documentation
est la suivante:
Symbole Nature du risque
Reportez-vous au manuel d'utilisation quand ce symbole
apparaît sur l'instrument. Familiarisez-vous avec la nature du
danger et la conduite à tenir.
Tension dangereuse
Danger produits toxiques
Conditions générales d’utilisation
Ce produit a été conçu et testé pour être conforme aux exigences des normes CEI/EN61010-1
“Règles de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation et de laboratoire”, pour
des équipements Classe I, portables et pour une utilisation dans un environnement de pollution de
niveau 2. Cet équipement est conçu pour fonctionner à partir d’une alimentation de catégorie I et
II.
Cet équipement doit être protégé de l’introduction de liquides ainsi que des précipitations d’eau,
de neige, etc... Lorsqu’on transporte cet équipement d’un environnement chaud vers un
environnement froid, il est important de laisser l’équipement se stabiliser en température avant de
le connecter à une alimentation afin d’éviter toute formation de condensation. L'appareil doit être
utilisé uniquement dans le cadre des conditions d'environnement spécifiées dans ‘Performance
data’ dans le chapitre 1 du manuel d'utilisation, toute autre utilisation peut endommager les
systèmes de protection.
Ce produit n’est pas garanti pour fonctionner dans des atmosphères dangereuses ou pour un usage
médical. Si l'équipement doit être utilisé pour des applications en relation avec la sécurité, par
exemple des applications militaires ou aéronautiques, la compatibilité du produit doit être établie
et approuvée par une personne compétente.
WARNING
Sécurité électrique (tension d’alimentation alternative)
Cet appareil est protégé conformément à la norme CEI de sécurité Classe 1, c’est-à-dire que sa
prise secteur comporte un fil de protection à la terre. Pour maintenir cette protection, le câble
d’alimentation doit toujours être branché à la source d’alimentation par l’intermédiaire d’une prise
comportant une borne de terre.
Notez que les filtres d’alimentation contiennent des condensateurs qui peuvent encore être chargés
lorsque l’appareil est débranché. Bien que l’énergie contenue soit conforme aux exigences de
sécurité, il est possible de ressentir un léger choc si l’on touche les bornes sitôt après
débranchement.
vii
Ne démontez pas le capot de l'instrument, car ceci peut provoquer des blessures. Il n'y a pas de
pièces remplaçables par l'utilisateur à l'intérieur.
Faites effectuer toute réparation par du personnel qualifié. Contacter un des Centres de
Maintenance Internationaux dans la liste jointe à la fin du manuel.
Fusibles
Notez qu’il y a deux fusibles, l’un pour la phase et l’autre pour le neutre du câble d’alimentation.
Si un seul fusible est coupé, certaines parties de l’appareil peuvent rester au potentiel
d’alimentation.
Option fusible simple
Notez que le fusible d’alimentation interne est en série avec la phase du câble d’alimentation. Si
la prise d’alimentation comporte deux bornes non polarisées, il est possible de connecter le fusible
au neutre. Dans ce cas, certaines parties de l’appareil peuvent rester à un certain potentiel même
après coupure du fusible.
WARNING
Risque lie au feu
!
WARNING
WARNING
Lors du remplacement des fusibles vérifiez l'exactitude de leur type et de leur valeur.
Si le cable d'alimentation comporte une prise avec fusible intégré, assurez vous que sa valeur est
compatible avec les besoins en courant de l'appareil. Pour la consommation, reportez vous au
chapitre 1 ‘Performance data’.
Danger produits toxiques
Certains composants utilisés dans cet appareil peuvent contenir des résines et d'autres matières qui
dégagent des fumées toxiques lors de leur incinération. Les précautions d'usages doivent donc être
prises lorsqu'on se débarrasse de ce type de composant.
Le Beryllia
Le Béryllia (oxyde de Béryllium) entre dans la composition de certains composants de cet
appareil.
Cette matière peut, lorsqu’elle est inhalée sous forme de vapeur ou de fine poussière, être la cause
de maladies respiratoires. Sous sa forme solide, comme c’est le cas ici, cette matière peut être
manipulée sans risque, bien qu’il soit conseillé d’éviter toute manipulation pouvant entraîner la
formation de poussière par abrasion de la surface.
Il est donc conseillé, pour éviter ce risque, de prendre les précautions requises pour retirer ces
composants et s’en débarrasser. Ne les jetez pas avec les déchets industriels ou domestiques ou ne
les envoyez pas par la poste. Il faut les emballer séparément et solidement et bien indiquer la
nature du risque avant de les céder, avec précautions, à une entreprise spécialisée dans le
traitement de déchets toxiques.
viii
WARNING
Lithium
Une pile au Lithium ou un CI contenant une pile au Lithium est utilisé dans cet équipement.
Le Lithium étant une substance toxique, il ne faut en aucun cas l’écraser, l’incinérer ou le jeter
avec des déchets normaux.
N’essayez pas de recharger ce type de pile. Ne court-circuitez pas ou ne forcez pas la décharge de
la pile car cela pourrait causer une fuite, une surchauffe ou une explosion.
WARNING
Equipement lourd
Le poids de cet appareil est supérieur à la limite de 18 kg (40 lb), fixée pour le transport par une
seule personne. Afin d’éviter tout risque de blessure, il est nécessaire de faire, avant le transport,
une évaluation de la charge, des contraintes de l’environnement et des capacités de l’individu, en
conformité avec la Directive Européenne 90/269/EEC ainsi que les recommandations Nationales
concernées.
WARNING
Position inclinée
Utilisation
Lorsque l'appareil est dans une position inclinée, il est recommandé, pour des raisons des stabilité,
de ne pas y empiler d'autres appareils.
Cet équipement a été conçu et fabriqué par Aeroflex pour générer des signaux RF de faible
puissance pour le test d'appareils de radio communications.
La protection de l'équipement peut être altérée s'il n'est pas utilisé dans les conditions spécifiées
par Aeroflex. Aeroflex n'a aucun contrôle sur l'usage de l'instrument, et ne pourra être tenu pour
responsable en cas d'événement survenant suite à une utilisation différente de celle prévue.
ix
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
Diese Hinweise haben eine bestimmte Bedeutung in diesem Handbuch:
WARNING
dienen zur Vermeidung von Verletzungsrisiken.
dienen dem Schutz der Geräte.
enthalten wichtige Informationen.
Gefahrensymbole
Die Bedeutung der Gefahrensymbole auf den Geräten und in der Dokumentation ist wie folgt:
Symbol Gefahrenart
Beziehen Sie sich auf die Bedienungsanleitung wenn das
Messgerät mit diesem Symbol markiert ist. Machen Sie sich
mit der Art der Gefahr und den Aktionen die getroffen
werden müssen bekannt.
Gefährliche Spannung
Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen
Allgemeine Hinweise zur Verwendung
Dieses Produkt wurde entsprechend den Anforderungen von IEC/EN61010-1
“Sicherheitsanforderungen für elektrische Ausrüstung für Meßaufgaben, Steuerung und
Laborbedarf”, Klasse I, transportabel zur Verwendung in einer Grad 2 verunreinigten Umgebung,
entwickelt und getestet. Dieses Gerät ist für Netzversorgung Klasse I und II zugelassen.
Das Gerät sollte vor dem Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten sowie vor Regen, Schnee etc. geschützt
werden. Bei Standortänderung von kalter in wärmere Umgebung sollte das Gerät wegen der
Kondensation erst nach Anpassung an die wärmere Umgebung mit dem Netz verbunden werden.
Das Gerät darf nur in Umgebungsbedingungen wie im Kapitel 1 ‘Leistungsdaten (Performance
data)’ der Bedienungsanleitung beschrieben, betrieben werden; ansonsten wird der vom Gerät
vorgesehene Schutz des Anwenders beeinträchtigt.
Dieses Produkt ist nicht für den Einsatz in gefährlicher Umgebung (z.B. Ex-Bereich) und für
medizinische Anwendungen geprüft. Sollte das Gerät für den Einsatz in sicherheitsrelevanten
Anwendungen wie z.B. im Flugverkehr oder bei militaerischen Anwendungen vorgesehen sein, so
ist dieser von einer für diesen Bereich zuständigen Person zu beurteilen und genehmigen.
WARNING
Elektrische Schläge (Wechselspannungsversorgung)
Das Gerät entspricht IEC Sicherheitsklasse 1 mit einem Schutzleiter nach Erde. Das Netzkabel
muß stets an eine Steckdose mit Erdkontakt angeschlossen werden.
Filterkondensatoren in der internen Spannungsversorgung können auch nach Unterbrechung der
Spannungszuführung noch geladen sein. Obwohl die darin gespeicherte Energie innerhalb der
Sicherheitsmargen liegt, kann ein leichter Spannungsschlag bei Berührung kurz nach der
Unterbrechung erfolgen.
Öffnen Sie niemals das Gehäuse der Geräte das dies zu ernsthaften Verletzungen führen kann. Es
gibt keine vom Anwender austauschbare Teile in diesem Gerät.
Lassen Sie alle Reparaturen durch qualifiziertes Personal durchführen. Eine Liste der
Servicestellen finden Sie auf der Rückseite des Handbuches.
x
Sicherungen
Es ist zu beachten, daß es Sicherungen in beiden (spannunsführenden und neutralen) Zuleitungen
gibt. Wenn nur eine von diesen Sicherungen schmilzt, so bleiben einige Geräteteile immer noch
auf Spannungspotential.
Einsicherungs-Option
Die interne Sicherung in der Spannungszuführung ist in Reihe mit der spannungsführenden
Zuleitung geschaltet. Bei Verbindung mit einer zweiadrigen, nicht gepolten Steckdose kann die
Sicherung in der Masseleitung liegen, so daß auch bei geschmolzener Sicherung Geräteteile immer
noch auf Spannungspotential sind.
WARNING
Feuergefahr
WARNING
Es dürfen nur Ersatzsicherungen vom gleichen Typ mit den korrekten Spezifikationen
entsprechend der Stromaufnahme des Gerätes verwendet werden. Siehe hierzu die Leistungsdaten
(‘Performance data’ in Kapitel 1.
Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen
WARNING
Beryllium Oxid
WARNING
Lithium
WARNING
In einigen Bauelementen dieses Geräts können Epoxyharze oder andere Materialien enthalten sein,
die im Brandfall giftige Gase erzeugen. Bei der Entsorgung müssen deshalb entsprechende
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden.
Beryllium Oxid wird in einigen Bauelementen verwendet.
Als Staub inhaliert kann Beryllium zu Schädigungen der Atemwege führen. In fester Form kann
es ohne Gefahr gehandhabt werden, wobei Staubabrieb vermieden werden sollte.
Wegen dieser Gefahren dürfen diese Bauelemente nur mit der entsprechenden Vorsicht ausgebaut
und entsorgt werden. Sie dürfen nicht mit Industrie oder Hausmüll vermengt oder per Post
versandt werden. Sie müssen separat verpackt und entsprechend der Gefährdung markiert werden.
Die Entsorgung muß über einen autorisierten Fachbetrieb erfolgen.
Eine Lithium Batterie oder eine Lithium Batterie innerhalb eines IC ist in diesem Gerät eingebaut.
Da Lithium ein giftiges Material ist, sollte es als Sondermüll entsorgt werden.
Diese Batterie darf auf keinen Fall geladen werden. Nicht kurzschließen, da sie dabei überhitzt
werden und explodieren kann.
Schweres Gerät
Das Gewicht dieses Geräts liegt über der 18 kg (40 lb) Grenze für Transport durch eine einzelne
Person. Zur Vermeidung von Verletzungen sollten vor einem Transport die Arbeitsumgebung und
die persönlichen Möglichkeiten im Verhältnis zur Last abgewogen werden, wie in der EURegelung 90/269/EEC und nationalen Normen beschrieben.
xi
WARNING
Schrägstellung
Bei Schrägstellung des Geräts sollten aus Stabilitätsgründen keine anderen Geräte darauf gestellt
werden.
Eignung für Gebrauch
Dieses Gerät wurde von Aeroflex entwickelt und hergestellt um HF Signale geringer Leistung
zum Test von Kommunikationseinrichtungen zu erzeugen.
Sollte das Gerät nicht auf die von Aeroflex vorgesehene Art und Weise verwendet werden, kann
die Schutzfunktion des Gerätes beeinträchtigt werden.
Aeroflex hat keinen Einfluß auf die Art der Verwendung und übernimmt keinerlei Verantwortung
bei unsachgemässer Handhabung.
xii
Precauzioni
Questi termini vengono utilizzati in questo manuale con significati specifici:
WARNING
riportano informazioni atte ad evitare possibili pericoli alla persona.
riportano informazioni per evitare possibili pericoli all'apparecchiatura.
riportano importanti informazioni di carattere generale.
Simboli di pericolo
Il significato del simbolo di pericolo riportato sugli strumenti e nella documentazione è il
seguente:
Simbolo
Tipo di pericolo
Fare riferimento al manuale operativo quando questo
simbolo è riportato sullo strumento. Rendervi conto della
natura del pericolo e delle precauzioni che dovrete prendere.
Tensione pericolosa
Pericolo sostanze tossiche
Condizioni generali d’uso
Questo prodotto è stato progettato e collaudato per rispondere ai requisiti della direttiva
IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use’ per apparati di classe I, trasportabili e per l’uso in un ambiente inquinato di grado
2. L’apparato è stato progettato per essere alimentato da un alimentatore di categoria I e II.
Lo strumento deve essere protetto dal possibile ingresso di liquidi quali, ad es., acqua, pioggia,
neve, ecc. Qualora lo strumento venga portato da un ambiente freddo ad uno caldo, è importante
lasciare che la temperatura all’interno dello strumento si stabilizzi prima di alimentarlo per evitare
formazione di condense. Lo strumento deve essere utilizzato esclusivamente nelle condizioni
ambientali descritte nel capitolo 1 ‘Performance data’ del manuale operativo, in caso contrario le
protezioni previste nello strumento potrebbero risultare non sufficienti.
Questo prodotto non è stato approvato per essere usato in ambienti pericolosi o applicazioni
medicali. Se lo strumento deve essere usato per applicazioni particolari collegate alla sicurezza
(per esempio applicazioni militari o avioniche), occorre che una persona o un istituto competente
ne certifichi l'uso.
WARNING
Pericoli da elettricità (alimentazione c.a.)
Quest ’apparato è provvisto del collegamento di protezione di terra e rispetta le norme di sicurezza
IEC, classe 1. Per mantenere questa protezione è necessario che il cavo, la spina e la presa
d’alimentazione siano tutti provvisti di terra.
Il circuito d’alimentazione contiene dei filtri i cui condensatori possono restare carichi anche dopo
aver rimosso l’alimentazione. Sebbene l’energia immagazzinata è entro i limiti di sicurezza,
purtuttavia una leggera scossa può essere avvertita toccando i capi della spina subito dopo averla
rimossa.
Non rimuovete mai le coperture perché così potreste provocare danni a voi stessi. Non vi sono
all’interno parti di interesse all’utilizzatore.
xiii
Tutte gli interventi sono di competenza del personale qualificato. Vedi elenco internazionale dei
Centri di Assistenza in fondo al manuale.
Fusibili
Notare che entrambi i capi del cavo d’alimentazione sono provvisti di fusibili. In caso di rottura di
uno solo dei due fusibili, alcune parti dello strumento potrebbero restare sotto tensione.
Opzione singolo fusibile
Notare che un fusibile è posto sul filo caldo del cavo di alimentazione. Qualora l’alimentazione
avvenga tramite due poli non polarizzati, è possibile che il fusibile vada a protezione del neutro
per cui anche in caso di una sua rottura, l’apparato potrebbe restare sotto tensione.
WARNING
Pericolo d'incendio
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
Assicurarsi che, in caso di sostituzione, vengano utilizzati solo fusibili della portata e del tipo
prescritti.
Se viene usata una spina con fusibili, assicurarsi che questi siano di portata adeguata ai requisiti di
alimentazione richiesti dallo strumento. Tali requisiti sono riportati nel capitolo1 ‘Performance
data’.
Pericolo sostanze tossiche
Alcuni dei componenti usati in questo strumento possono contenere resine o altri materiali che, se
bruciati, possono emettere fumi tossici. Prendere quindi le opportune precauzioni nell'uso di tali
parti.
Berillio
Berillio (ossido di berillio) è utilizzato nella costruzione di alcuni componenti di quest’apparato.
Questo materiale, se inalato sotto forma di polvere fine o vapore, può causare malattie respiratorie.
Allo stato solido, come è usato qui, può essere maneggiato con sufficiente sicurezza anche se è
prudente evitare condizioni che provochino la formazione di polveri tramite abrasioni superficiali.
A cause di questi pericoli occorre essere molto prudenti nella rimozione e nella locazione di questi
componenti. Questi non devono essere gettati tra i rifiuti domestici o industriali né. vanno spediti
per posta. Essi devono essere impacchettati separatamente ed in modo sicuro e devono indicare
chiaramente la natura del pericolo e quindi affidate a personale autorizzato.
Litio
Quest ’apparato incorpora una batteria al litio o un circuito integrato contenente una batteria al
litio.
Poiché il litio è una sostanza tossica, la batteria non deve essere mai né rotta, né incenerita, né
gettata tra i normali rifiuti.
Questo tipo di batteria non può essere sottoposto né a ricarica né a corto-circuito o scarica forzata.
Queste azioni possono provocare surriscaldamento, fuoriuscita di gas o esplosione della batteria.
xiv
WARNING
Instrumento pesado
El peso de este equipo excede de los 18 kg (40 lb), lo que debe tenerse en cuenta si va ser
transportado manualmente por una sola persona. Para evitar el riesgo de lesiones, antes de mover
el equipo deberá evaluar la carga, el entorno de trabajo y la propia capacidad, de acuerdo con la
Directiva Europea 90/269/EEC y el Reglamento Nacional Asociado.
WARNING
Posizionamento inclinato
Quando lo strumento è in posizione inclinata è raccomandato, per motivi di stabilità, non
sovrapporre altri strumenti.
Caratteristiche d’uso
Questo strumento è stato progettato e prodotto da Aeroflex generare segnali RF in bassa potenza
per provare apparati di radio comunicazione.
Se lo strumento non è utilizzato nel modo specificato da Aeroflex, le protezioni previste sullo
strumento potrebbero risultare inefficaci.
Aeroflex non può avere il controllo sull’uso di questo strumento e non può essere ritenuta
responsabile per eventi risultanti da un uso diverso dallo scopo prefisso.
xv
Precauciones
Estos términos tienen significados específicos en este manual:
WARNING
contienen información referente a prevención de daños personales.
contienen información referente a prevención de daños en equipos.
contienen información general importante.
Símbolos de peligro
El significado de los símbolos de peligro en el equipo y en la documentación es el siguiente:
Símbolo
Naturaleza del peligro
Vea el manual de funcionamiento cuando este símbolo
aparezca en el instrumento. Familiarícese con la naturaleza
del riesgo y con las acciones que deban de tomarse.
Voltaje peligroso
Aviso de toxicidad
Condiciones generales de uso
Este producto ha sido diseñado y probado para cumplir los requerimientos de la normativa
IEC/EN61010-1 “Requerimientos de la normativa para equipos eléctricos de medida, control y uso
en laboratorio”, para equipos clase I, portátiles y para uso en un ambiente con un grado de
contaminación 2. El equipo ha sido diseñado para funcionar sobre una instalación de alimentación
de categorías I y II.
Debe protegerse el equipo de la entrada de líquidos y precipitaciones como nieve, lluvia, etc.
Cuando se traslada el equipo de entorno frío a un entorno caliente, es importante aguardar la
estabilización el equipo para evitar la condensación. Solamente debe utilizarse el equipo bajo las
condiciones ambientales especificadas en el Capítulo 1 ‘Especificaciones’ o ‘Performance data’
del Manual de Operación, en caso contrario la propia protección del equipo puede resultar dañada.
Este producto no ha sido aprobado para su utilización en entornos peligrosos o en aplicaciones
médicas. Si se va a utilizar el equipo en una aplicación con implicaciones en cuanto a seguridad,
como por ejemplo aplicaciones de aviónica o militares, es preciso que un experto competente en
materia de seguridad apruebe su uso.
WARNING
Nivel peligroso de electricidad (tensión de red)
Este equipo cumple las normas IEC Seguridad Clase 1, lo que significa que va provisto de un
cable de protección de masa. Para mantener esta protección, el cable de alimentación de red debe
de conectarse siempre a una clavija con terminal de masa.
Tenga en cuenta que el filtro de red contiene condensadores que pueden almacenar carga una vez
desconectado el equipo. Aunque la energía almacenada está dentro de los requisitos de seguridad,
pudiera sentirse una ligera descarga al tocar la clavija de alimentación inmediatamente después de
su desconexión de red.
No retire las cubiertas del chasis del instrumento, ya que pudiera resultar dañado personalmente.
No existen partes que puedan ser reparadas en su interior.
Deje todas las tareas relativas a reparación a un servicio técnico cualificado. Vea la lista de
Centros de Servicios Internacionales en la parte trasera del manual.
xvi
Fusibles
Se hace notar que el Equipo está dotado de fusibles tanto en el activo como el neutro de
alimentación. Si sólo uno de estos fusibles fundiera, existen partes del equipo que pudieran
permanecer a tensión de red.
Opción fusible único
Se hace notar que el fusible de alimentación interno está enserie con el activo del cable de
alimentación a red. Si la clavija de alimentación de red cuenta con sólo dos terminales sin
polaridad, el fusible puede pasar a estar en serie con el neutro, en cuyo caso existen partes del
equipo que permanecerían a tensión de red incluso después de que el fusible haya fundido.
WARNING
Peligro de incendio
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
Asegúrese de utilizar sólo fusibles del tipo y valores especificados como recuesto.
Si se utiliza una clavija con fusible incorporado, aseg úrese de que los valores del fusible
corresponden a los requeridos por el equipo. Ver sección de especificaciones del capítulo 1 del
Manual de Operación para comprobar los requisitos de alimentación.
Aviso de toxicidad
Alguno de los componentes utilizados en este equipo pudieran incluir resinas u otro tipo de
materiales que al arder produjeran sustancias tóxicas, Por tanto, tome las debidas precauciones en
la manipulación de esas piezas.
Berilio
Berilio (óxido de berilio) Este material es utilizado en la fabricación de alguno de los componentes
de este equipo.
La inhalación de este material, en forma de polvo fino o vapor, entrando en los pulmones, puede
ser causa de enfermedades respiratorias. En forma sólida, como se utiliza en este caso, puede
manipularse con bastante seguridad, aunque se recomienda no manejarlo en aquellas condiciones
que pudieran favorecer la aparición de polvo por abrasión de la superficie.
Por todo lo anterior, se recomienda tener el máximo cuidado al reemplazar o deshacerse de estos
componentes, no tirándolos en basuras industriales o domésticas y no utilizar el correo para su
envío. Deben, ser empaquetados de forma segura y separada, y el paquete debidamente etiquetado
e identificado, señalando claramente la naturaleza del riesgo y ponerlo a disposición de un
destructor autorizado de productos tóxicos.
Litio
En este equipo se utiliza una batería de litio (o contenida dentro de un CI).
Dada que el litio es una substancia tóxica las baterías de este material no deben ser aplastadas,
quemadas o arrojadas junto a basuras ordinarias.
No trate de recargar este tipo de baterías. No las cortocircuite o fuerce su descarga ya que puede
dar lugar a que la esta emita gases, se recaliente o explote.
xvii
WARNING
Instrumento pesado
El peso de este equipo excede de los 18 kg (40 lb), lo que debe tenerse en cuenta si va ser
transportado manualmente por una sola persona. Para evitar el riesgo de lesiones, antes de mover
el equipo deberá evaluar la carga, el entorno de trabajo y la propia capacidad, de acuerdo con la
Directiva Europea 90/269/EEC y el Reglamento Nacional Asociado.
WARNING
Tener en cuenta con el equipo inclinado
Si utiliza el equipo en posición inclinada, se recomienda, por razones de estabilidad, no apilar
otros equipos encima de él.
Idoneidad de uso
Este equipo ha sido diseñado y fabricado por Aeroflex para generar señales de VHF y UHF de
bajo nivel de potencia para prueba de equipos de radiocomunicaciones.
Si el equipo fuese utilizado de forma diferente a la especificada por Aeroflex, la protección
ofrecida por el equipo pudiera quedar reducida.
Aeroflex no tiene control sobre el uso de este equipo y no puede, por tanto, exigirsele
responsabilidades derivadas de una utilización distinta de aquellas para las que ha sido diseñado.
xviii
CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................1-2
MAIN FEATURES.........................................................................................................1-2
Operation.............................................................................................................1-2
Display................................................................................................................1-2
Frequency selection ............................................................................................1-2
Output .................................................................................................................1-2
Modulation..........................................................................................................1-3
Incrementing.......................................................................................................1-3
Sweep..................................................................................................................
Non-volatile memory..........................................................................................1-3
Programming.......................................................................................................1-4
Software protection.............................................................................................1-4
Spectral purity.....................................................................................................1-4
Calibration ..........................................................................................................1-4
Options................................................................................................................1-4
PERFORMANCE DATA...............................................................................................
VERSIONS, OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES...........................................................1-16
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1-1 Typical phase noise performance of 2040 series .............................................1-5
Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-3
1-6
1-1
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
The 2040 series of Signal Generators cover the frequency range 10 kHz to 5.4 GHz with
three models: 2040 (10 kHz to 1.35 GHz), 2041 (10 kHz to 2.7 GHz) and 2042
(10 kHz to 5.4 GHz). A dot matrix display with soft key selected screen options allow flexibility
of operation and ease of use. The output may be amplitude, phase, or frequency modulated with
pulse modulation available as an option. Modulation is available using a combination of up to
two external signal inputs and a built-in LF source (a second internal source is optional).
Available options include a second built-in modulation source; avionics modulation (ILS
and VOR); pulse modulation; RF level profiling and complex sweep; electronic attenuator.
Microprocessor control ensures that the instruments are flexible and easy to use and
allows programming by the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB). The GPIB is designed to
IEEE Standard 488.2 and is a means of sending commands to an instrument, via a data bus, from
a remote controller or personal computer. The instruments can therefore be used manually or as
part of a fully automated test system.
MAIN FEATURES
Operation
Selection of parameters on the screen may involve one or more of the numeric, hard or
soft keys or the rotary knob. Hard keys have single or dual functions which remain constant
throughout, whereas soft keys have functions dependent on the present mode of operation.
Parameters may be set to specific values by numeric key entry, while values may be varied in
steps of any size using the ⇑/⇓ keys or altered by moving the knob, set to a particular sensitivity.
The SIG GEN, LF, SWEEP, MEM (memory), Δ (delta) and UTIL (utility) menus are
selectable, at any point of operation, via the keys below the display panel. Within the display, the
soft key functions are indicated by labels which appear alongside the keys situated at either side
of the display panel.
Display
The display is a dot matrix liquid crystal panel, with backlighting. Carrier frequency,
modulation and RF level are shown in horizontal regions on the principal screen. The display
features 11-digit resolution for carrier frequency, 4-digit for RF level and 3-digit for modulation,
with unit annunciators.
Contrast may be varied, using the control knob, to optimize the viewing angle. Differing
lighting conditions may be accommodated using the backlight intensity function, variable from
no backlight to full intensity. A full graphical display test is available, refer to the Service
Manual.
Frequency selection
Carrier frequency is selected via the soft key option on the SIG GEN display and direct
entry via the keyboard. Alternatively, selection may be made via the General Purpose Interface
Bus (GPIB). Frequency resolution is 0.1 Hz across the band. Carrier frequencies can be stored in
a non-volatile memory with complete recall when required. An ON-OFF key is provided to
completely disable the output.
Output
RF output up to +13 dBm can be set by direct keyboard entry with a resolution of 0.1 dB
or better over the entire range. A high output option is available to extend the maximum
calibrated level to +19 dBm on the 2040 instrument.
1-2
GENERAL INFORMATION
An extended hysteresis facility allows for extended electronic control of RF output level
without introducing mechanical attenuator transients when testing squelch systems.
A low intermodulation mode can be selected which disables the RF levelling system and
improves the intermodulation performance when combining the outputs of two signal generators.
A choice of calibration units is available to the operator and provision is made for the
simple conversion of units (for example, dBm to μV). Calibration data for the output level is held
in memory and may be altered from the front panel or over the interface bus.
The output level can be offset by up to ±2 dB by keyboard entry. Offsets from the
calibrated value may be used to compensate for cable or switching losses external to the
generator. This facility can be used as a means of deliberately offsetting the output level to
ensure that all generators in an area give identical measurements. While using the offsetting
facility, the principal calibration of the generator is not lost and may be returned to at any time.
An electronic trip protects the generator output against reverse power of up to 50 W,
preventing damage to output circuits when RF or DC power is accidently applied.
Modulation
Comprehensive amplitude, frequency (plus wide bandwidth FM), phase and optional
pulse modulation are provided for testing a wide range of receivers. An internal modulation
oscillator is provided, having a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz, with a resolution of
0.1 Hz. A second modulation oscillator can be included as an option. Two independent BNC
inputs on the front panel allow external modulation signals to be mixed with the internal
signal(s). Therefore, a maximum of four modulation sources may be available at one time. These
sources may be combined to give the single, dual, composite and dual composite modes.
The signalling facility allows testing of radio equipment with sequential and sub-audible
tone capability. The sequential calling tone system is accessible from the utility menu for all four
modulation modes. Sub-audible calling tones are specified within the modulation source select
display.
Incrementing
All major parameters can be incremented or decremented in step sizes entered via
keyboard entry or the GPIB. If no step size is entered for a parameter, the steps are preset to
1 kHz for carrier frequency, 1 kHz for modulation oscillator and LF frequency, 1 kHz for FM
deviation, 1% for AM depth and 1 dB for output level.
In addition the rotary control can be used to vary the parameter with the sensitivity of the
knob being changed by means of the ×10 and ÷10 keys.
Sweep
The sweep capability of the 2040 series allows comprehensive testing of systems. Four
parameters are used to specify sweep; start, stop, number of steps and time per step. These are
specified by the user, with upper and lower limits for the parameter values being dependent on
the function. The sweep markers menu is available by soft key selection on the sweep display,
allowing the placement of up to five user defined markers.
Non-volatile memory
The non-volatile memory allows 50 complete instrument settings, 50 partial settings, 100
carrier frequency settings, 20 sweep settings and 20 signalling tone sequences to be stored for
later use at any time.
1-3
GENERAL INFORMATION
Programming
A GPIB interface is fitted so that all functions are controllable via the interface bus which
is designed to the IEEE Standard 488.2. The instrument can function both as a talker and a
listener.
Software protection
To prevent accidental interference with the contents of internal memories, internal data is
protected by a secure key sequence.
Two levels of protection are offered, appropriate to the function being accessed. The most
secure is reserved for features which alter the calibration data of the instrument.
Spectral purity
With an SSB phase noise performance of better than -140 dBc/Hz at 1 GHz (20 kHz
offset), the 2040 series can be used for both in-channel and adjacent channel receiver
measurements. Harmonically related signals and non-harmonics are better than -30 dBc and
-90 dBc respectively.
Calibration
The 2040 series has a recommended two year calibration interval and is calibrated
entirely by electronically controlled adjustment. There are no internal mechanically adjustable
components to affect the calibration. The calibration display is available via soft key selection at
the utilities menu.
adjuatment. The calibration due date can be set and when this date is reached a message advises
the operator to return the unit for calibration.
Date stamping
After readjustment the instrum
ent updates the calibration data and records the date of
Options
The following factory-fitted options are available:
oscillator has the same specification as the first and allows full use of complex modulation
modes.
and fall tim
Landing Systems (ILS) and VHF Omni Range (VOR) beacons.
Option 001 - Second modulation oscillator
An additional modulation oscillator is available to enable greater flexibility. This second
Option 002 - Pulse modulation
The pulse modulation facility allows radar RF and IF stages to be tested and features rise
es of less than 25 ns with an on/off ratio of better than 70 dB.
Option 003 - High output power
This option extends the output level to +19 dBm on the 2040 m
Option 006 - Avionics
Provides internally generated modulation waveforms suitable for the testing of Instrument
odel.
1-4
GENERAL INFORMATION
Option 008 - RF profiles and complex sweep
The RF profile facility provides compensation for frequency dependent level errors
introduced by cables, amplifiers and signal combiners. The complex sweep facility generates
sweeps whose step size, step time and RF level change while the sweep is in progress. These
features are particularly useful for EMC, Tempest and ATE applications.
Option 012 - Electronic attenuator
Designed to meet demanding extended life requirements for repetitive switching, such as
are found in high volume production applications.
Option 105 - Modified pulse modulator
Modifies the pulse modulator (Option 002) to provide a slower rise and fall time for
testing time domain duplex and time domain multiple access receivers.
Option 112 - EXT MOD 2 INPUT 600 Ω
The EXT MOD 2 INPUT socket has a 600 Ω input impedance in place of 100 kΩ.
5000
SSB Phase
Noise (dBc/Hz)
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
-90
Performance at 1 GHz
1
0.1 0.3
3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 10000
Offset (kHz)Carrier Frequency (MHz)
C0501
SSB Phase
Noise (dBc/Hz)
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
10 20
50
1 kHz offset
20 kHz offset
100 200
500
1000 2000
Fig. 1-1 Typical phase noise performance of 2040 series
1-5
GENERAL INFORMATION
d
PERFORMANCE DATA
Carrier frequency
Range 10 kHz to 1.35 GHz (2040);
10 kHz to 2.7 GHz (2041);
10 kHz to 5.4 GHz (2042).
Overrange Selectable overrange mode allows uncalibrated levels up to
+19 dBm to be generated (typically up to +25 dBm for 2040 with
Option 3 fitted).
Selectable extended hysteresis provided for uncalibrated RF level
control with up to 24 dB range without level interruption..
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control.
Indication 11 digits with annunciators.
Resolution 0.1 Hz.
Accuracy As frequency standard.
Phase incrementing The carrier phase can be advanced or retarded in steps of π/128
radians (approximately 1.4°) using the rotary control.
RF OUTPUT
Range -144 dBm to +13 dBm.
When AM is selected the maximum output level reduces linearly
with AM depth to +7 dBm at maximum AM depth.
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control. Units may be μV, mV, V EMF or PD; dB relative to
1 μV, 1 mV EMF or PD; dBm. Conversion between dB an
voltage units may be achieved by pressing the appropriate units
key (dB, or V, mV, μV).
Indication 4 digits with unit annunciators.
Resolution 0.1 dB.
1-6
GENERAL INFORMATION
d
Accuracy At 22 ±5 °C ambient:
Carrier frequency range
Output level
> =0 dBm ±0.5 dB ±0.7 dB ±1 dB
> −100 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1 dB ±1.5 dB
> −127 dBm ±0.85 dB ±1.0 dB -
Temperature
stability
°C)
(dB/
<1.35 GHz <2.7 GHz <5.4 GHz
±0.005 ±0.01 ±0.02
VSWR For output levels less than 0 dBm:
Less than 1.25:1 to 2.2 GHz;
Less than 1.4:1 to 2.7 GHz;
Less than 1.5:1 to 5.4 GHz.
Output protection An electronic trip protects the generator output against reverse
power of up to 50 W from a source VSWR of up to 5:1.
Output connector 50 Ω nominal, N-type female socket.
NOISE MODES
Three noise modes are offered, with the following characteristics:
Low noise mode 1 Lowest phase noise with a restricted FM deviation capability an
reduced AM bandwidth
Low noise mode 2 Low phase noise with a restricted FM deviation capability and
full AM bandwidth
Normal mode Full FM deviation capability and AM bandwidth
SPECTRAL PURITY
At RF levels up to +7 dBm :
Harmonics 2040, 2041:
Better than -30 dBc to 1 GHz;
Better than -27 dBc above1 GHz.
2042:
Better than -30 dBc to 1 GHz;
Better than -27 dBc to 1.35 GHz;
Better than -25 dBc above 1.35 GHz.
Sub-harmonics Better than -90 dBc to 1.35 GHz,
Better than -40 dBc to 2.3 GHz,
Better than -30 dBc to 5.4 GHz.
Non-harmonics
(offsets greater than
3 kHz)
In low noise modes: Better than -70 dBc up to 21.09375 MHz;
better than -90 dBc from 21.09375 MHz
to 2.7 GHz;
and better than -84 dBc above 2.7 GHz.
In normal mode: Better than -70 dBc.
1-7
GENERAL INFORMATION
r
Residual FM (FM off) Low noise mode: Less than 0.3 Hz RMS deviation in a 300 Hz to
3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at 1 GHz.
Normal mode: Less than 7 Hz RMS deviation in a 300 Hz to
3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at 470 MHz.
SSB phase noise
SSB phase noise in dBc/Hz
at offset frequencies of:
Carrier
frequency
range
<1.35 GHz −75 −115 −140
<675 MHz −81 −121 −140
<337.5 MHz −87 −121 −140
<168.7 MHz −92 −127 −143
<84.3 MHz −96 −131 −143
<42.1 MHz −96 −131 −143
<21 MHz −82 −127 −140
100 Hz 1 kHz 20 kHz & above
RF leakage Less than 0.5 μV PD generated at the carrier frequency by a two
turn 25 mm loop, 25 mm or more from any part of the case.
FM on AM Typically less than 100 Hz for 30% AM depth at a modulation
frequency of 1 kHz and a carrier frequency of 500 MHz.
ΦM on AM Typically less than 0.1 radians at a carrier frequency of 500 MHz
for 30% AM depth for modulation rates up to 10 kHz.
MODULATION MODES Four modulation modes are available:
Single FM, Wideband FM, ΦM, AM or pulse (optional).
Dual Two independent channels of differing modulation type (e.g. AM
with FM).
Composite Two independent channels of the same modulation type. (e.g.
FM1 with FM2).
Dual composite A combination of Dual and Composite modes providing fou
independent channels
(e.g. AM1 with AM2 and FM1 with FM2).
1-8
GENERAL INFORMATION
FREQUENCY MODULATION
Deviation Peak deviation available varies with carrier frequency and
noise mode as follows:
Maximum FM deviation available
Carrier frequency range Normal mode Deviation limit
2.7 GHz - 5.4 GHz 27 - 54 MHz* 200.0 kHz
1.35 GHz - 2.7 GHz 13.5 - 27 MHz* 100.0 kHz
675 MHz - 1.35 GHz 6.75 - 13.5 MHz* 50.0 kHz
337.5 MHz - 675 MHz 3.375 - 6.75 MHz* 25.0 kHz
168.75 MHz - 337.5 MHz 1.687 - 3.375 MHz* 12.5 kHz
84.375 MHz - 168.75 MHz 843 - 1687 MHz* 6.25 kHz
42.1875 MHz - 84.375 MHz 421 - 843 MHz* 3.125 kHz
21.09375 MHz - 42.1875 MHz 210 - 421 MHz* 1.56 kHz
10 kHz - 21.09375 MHz 1 MHz 6.25 kHz
*Maximum FM deviation available is 1% of carrier frequency value when in normal noise mode.
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control.
Indication 3 digits with annunciators.
Displayed resolution 1 Hz or 1 least significant digit, whichever is greater.
Accuracy at 1 kHz In low noise mode: ±6% of indication ±1 Hz excluding residual
FM.
In normal noise mode: ±5% of indication ±10 Hz excluding
residual FM.
1 dB bandwidth
3 dB bandwidth
DC to 300 kHz (DC coupled).
10 Hz to 300 kHz (AC coupled).
Bandwidth is limited to 100 kHz in low noise mode.
Typically greater than 1 MHz.
Capable of accepting external sources of FSK signals.
Carrier frequency offset In DC FM mode less than ±(1 Hz + 0.1% of set deviation) after
using DC FM nulling facility.
Distortion Using external modulation without ALC:
Less than 3% at maximum deviation for modulation frequencies
up to 20 kHz.
Less than 0.3% at 10% of maximum deviation for modulation
frequencies up to 20 kHz.
Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets.
Group delay Less than 1μs, 3 kHz to 500 kHz in normal mode.
Less than 3 μs, 3 kHz to 250 kHz in low noise mode.
1-9
GENERAL INFORMATION
WIDEBAND FM
Deviation As FM.
Indication 3 digits with annunciators.
Selection By keyboard entry of data. The sensitivity is controlled in 3 dB
steps and the display will indicate the value of deviation nearest
to the requested value.
Input level 1 V RMS sine wave to achieve indicated deviation.
Accuracy As FM.
3 dB bandwidth In normal noise mode typically 10 MHz (DC or AC coupled).
In low noise modes typically 250 kHz (DC or AC coupled).
Modulation source External via rear panel socket (50Ω impedance).
Group delay Less than 0.5 μs, 3 kHz to 10 MHz.
PHASE MODULATION
(Normal mode only)
Deviation 0 to 10 radians.
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control.
Indication 3 digits with annunciators.
Resolution 0.01 radians.
Accuracy at 1 kHz Better than ±5% of indicated deviation excluding residual phase
modulation.
3 dB bandwidth 100 Hz to 10 kHz.
Distortion Less than 3% at maximum deviation at 1 kHz modulation rate.
Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets.
AMPLITUDE MODULATION
For carrier frequencies up to 1 GHz:
Range 0 to 99.9%.
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control.
Indication 3 digits with annunciator.
Resolution 0.1 %.
Accuracy ±4% of setting ±1%.
1-10
GENERAL INFORMATION
d
d
1 dB bandwidth In normal and low noise mode 2:
With modulation ALC off; DC to 30 kHz in DC coupled mode
and 10 Hz to 30 kHz in AC coupled mode. Typical modulation
bandwidth exceeds 50 kHz.
In low noise mode 1:
With modulation ALC off; usable from DC to 1.5 kHz in DC
coupled mode and 10 Hz to 1.5 kHz in AC coupled mode.
Distortion For a modulation rate of 1 kHz:
Less than 1% total harmonic distortion for depths up to 30%.
Less than 3% total harmonic distortion for depths up to 80%.
Modulation source Internal LF generator or external via front panel sockets.
MODULATION OSCILLATOR
Frequency range 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz (sine wave).
Selection By keyboard entry of data. Variation by ⇑/⇓ keys and by rotary
control.
Indication 7 digits with annunciators.
Resolution 0.1 Hz.
Frequency accuracy As frequency standard.
Distortion Less than 0.1% THD in sine wave mode at frequencies up to
20 kHz.
Alternative waveforms A triangular wave is available for frequencies up to 100 kHz. A
square wave is available for frequencies up to 2 kHz.
Signalling tones The modulation oscillator can be used to generate sequential (up
to 16 tones) or sub-audible tones in accordance with EIA, ZVEI,
DZVEI, CCIR, EURO 1, EEA, NATEL and DTMF*
standards. Facilities are also available for creating and storing
user defined tone systems.
*Requires second modulation oscillator (Option 001) to be fitted.
EXTERNAL
MODULATION
Two independent inputs on the front panel with BNC connectors,
EXT MOD 1 and EXT MOD 2. The modulation is calibrate
with 1 V RMS sine wave applied. Input impedance 100 kΩ
nominal.
MODULATION ALC The EXT MOD 1 and EXT MOD 2 INPUTS can each be levelle
by an ALC system.
Level range 0.7 V RMS to 1.4 V RMS sine wave.
Distortion
Less than 0.1% additional distortion for frequencies up to 20 kHz
(typically less than 0.1% up to 50 kHz).
1 dB bandwidth Typically 10 Hz to 500 kHz.
1-11
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