DIGITAL GROUND RESISTANCE
AND SOIL RESISTIVITY TESTER
6472
ENGLISH
User Manual
Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments
certifies that this instrument has been calibrated
using standards and instruments traceable to
international standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping
your instrument has met its published
specifications.
An NIST traceable certificate may be requested
at the time of purchase, or obtained by returning
the instrument to our repair and calibration
facility, for a nominal charge.
The recommended calibration interval for this
instrument is 12 months and begins on the date
of receipt by the customer. For recalibration,
please use our calibration services. Refer to our
repair and calibration section at www.aemc.com.
Serial #:
Catalog #:
Model #: 6472
Please fill in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received:
Date Calibration Due:
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc.
d.b.a AEMC
www.aemc.com
®
Instruments
necessary for
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE
USING FOR THE FIRST TIME
Your instrument is equipped with a NiMH battery. This technology offers several
advantages:
• Long battery charge life for a limited volume and weight.
• Possibility of quickly recharging your battery.
• Significantly reduced memory effect: you can recharge your battery
even if it is not fully discharged.
• Respect for the environment: no pollutant materials such as lead or
cadmium, in compliance with the applicable regulations.
After prolonged storage, the battery may be completely discharged. If so, it must
be completely recharged.
Your instrument may not function during part of this recharging operation.
Full recharging of a completely discharged battery may take several hours.
NOTE: In this case, at least 5 charge/discharge cycles will be
your battery to recover 95% of its capacity.
To make the best possible use of your battery and extend its effective service life:
• Only use the charger supplied with your instrument. Use of another charger may be dangerous.
• Only charge your instrument at temperatures between 0° and 40°C.
• Comply with the conditions of use defined in the operating manual.
• Comply with the storage conditions specified in the operating
manual.
NiMH technology allows a limited number of charge/discharge cycles depending
significantly on:
• The conditions of use.
• The charging conditions.
Please refer to § 9.5 for correct replacement of the battery.
Do not dispose of the battery pack with other solid waste. Used batteries
must be entrusted to a qualified recycling company or to a company
specialized in processing hazardous materials.
2
Ground Resistance Tester
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 5
1.1 International Electrical Symbols ......................................................... 6
1.2 Definition of Measurement Categories ............................................... 6
1.3 Receiving Your Shipment ................................................................... 6
1.4 Ordering Information........................................................................... 6
1.4.1 Kits, Accessories and Replacement Parts ............................. 7
2. PRODUCT FEATURES ........................................................ 9
2.1 Description ......................................................................................... 9
2.2 Key Features .....................................................................................10
2.3 Control Features ................................................................................ 11
2.4 Display ...............................................................................................12
2.5 Button Functions................................................................................14
3. SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................. 15
3.1 Reference Conditions ........................................................................15
3.2 Electrical ............................................................................................15
3.2.1 Frequency Measurements ....................................................15
3.2.2 Voltage Measurements .........................................................15
3.2.3 Current Measurements .........................................................16
3.2.4 DC Resistance Measurements .............................................17
3.2.5 AC Earth Resistance Measurements ...................................18
3.2.6 Soil Resistivity Measurement ρ ............................................20
3.2.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements V Pot .......................21
3.2.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with 2 Clamps ........................22
3.3 Data Storage .....................................................................................22
3.4 Power ................................................................................................22
3.5 Mechanical ........................................................................................23
3.6 Environmental ...................................................................................23
3.7 Safety ................................................................................................24
4. OPERATION ....................................................................... 25
4.1 General Operating Instructions ..........................................................25
4.1.1 Automatic Mode ...................................................................25
4.1.2 Manual (Expert) Mode ..........................................................25
4.2 Instrument Configuration (SET-UP mode) .........................................26
3
Ground Resistance Tester
5. AUTOMATIC MODE ........................................................... 27
5.1 Switching the Test Voltage .................................................................... 27
5.2 Resistance Measurement m∧ (2-Wire) ............................................. 27
5.2.1 Lead Compensation Measurement ...................................... 28
5.2.2 Alarm Function ..................................................................... 29
5.3 Resistance Measurement mΩ (4-Wire) ............................................. 30
5.4 Earth/Ground Measurement (3-Pole) ................................................ 31
5.4.1 62% Method ......................................................................... 31
5.4.2 Full Method .......................................................................... 33
5.4.3 Recommendations for a Reliable Measurement .................. 33
5.5 Earth/Ground Measurement (4-Pole) ................................................ 35
5.5.1 Measurement without a Clamp ............................................ 35
5.5.2 Measurements with a Clamp ............................................... 36
5.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements (ρ Position) ....................................... 38
5.6.1 Advantages/Disadvantages of Wenner and Schlumberger .. 38
5.6.2 Changing the Measurement Method .................................... 39
5.6.3 Programming the Distance for Electrode Placement ........... 39
5.6.4 Wenner Method ................................................................... 40
5.6.5 Schlumberger Method ......................................................... 42
5.7 Potential Measurement (V pot) ......................................................... 43
5.8 Earth/Ground Measurements with Two Clamps ................................ 45
6. MANUAL MODE ................................................................. 47
6.1 Switching the Test Voltage .................................................................... 47
6.2 Measurement Frequency Selection .................................................. 48
6.3 Manual Settings for m∧ Measurements ............................................ 48
6.3.1 Continuity Test.................................................................................. 49
6.4 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurement & Coupling ............................... 49
6.4.1 3-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements ................................... 49
6.4.2 Earth/Ground Coupling Measurements................................ 49
6.5 4-Pole Earth/Ground Measurements ................................................ 51
6.6 Soil Resistivity Measurements .......................................................... 51
6.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements ............................................. 51
6.8 Measurements with Two Clamps ...................................................... 51
6.9 SWEEP Mode ................................................................................... 52
6.10 Smoothing ......................................................................................... 52
4
Ground Resistance Tester
7. MEMORY FUNCTION .........................................................53
7.1 Saving Measurements into Memory ................................................. 53
7.2 Recalling Measurements from Memory ............................................ 54
7.3 Erasing Measurements from Memory............................................... 54
7.4 Erasing All Measurements ................................................................ 54
7.5 Erasing Selective Measurements ..................................................... 55
8. DATAVIEW® SOFTWARE ...................................................56
8.1 Installing DataView® ......................................................................... 56
8.2 Ground Tester Control Panel ............................................................ 58
9. MAINTENANCE ..................................................................59
9.1 Maintenance ................................................................................... 59
9.2 Cleaning ......................................................................................... 59
9.3 Fuse Replacement ......................................................................... 59
9.4 Recharging the Battery ................................................................... 61
9.5 Replacing the Battery ..................................................................... 62
10. TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................64
10.1 Error Reporting ............................................................................... 64
10.1.1 Electrode Resistance Too High ........................................... 64
10.1.2 Out of Range ....................................................................... 64
10.1.3 Misconnection ..................................................................... 64
10.1.4 Out of Limits Indicators ........................................................ 65
10.1.5 Error Messages ................................................................... 67
APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY OF TERMS ..................................68
Basic Terminologies ....................................................................................... 68
Glossary .................................................................................................... 69
Repair and Calibration ............................................................72
Technical and Sales Assistance ............................................72
Limited Warranty .....................................................................73
Warranty Repairs ....................................................................73
5
Ground Resistance Tester
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
WARNING
These safety warnings are provided to ensure the safety of personnel.
Please read and comply with these precautions:
• This instrument is protected from accidental voltages of not more than
50V with respect to earth in measurement CAT IV. The guaranteed level
of protection of this equipment may be compromised if used in a manner
not specified by the manufacturer.
• Safety is the responsibility of the operator.
• All metal objects or wires connected to the electrical system should be
assumed to be lethal until tested. Grounding systems are no exception.
• Never exceed the maximum rated voltage and current, and the measurement category.
• Never exceed the protection limits, and always comply with the conditions and place of use, indicated in the specifications.
• Do not use the instrument or its accessories if they appear damaged.
• Use accessories that have overvoltage category and service voltages
greater than or equal to those of the instrument (CAT IV 50V). Use only
accessories that comply with safety standards (IEC 61010).
• Wear the appropriate protective gear (insulating boots and gloves).
• Check that no terminal is connected and the switch is set to OFF before
opening the device.
• Use only the charging unit supplied with the instrument to recharge the
battery.
• Troubleshooting and metrological verification procedures must only be
performed by qualified, approved personnel, or the factory.
• NOTE: The potentials on the various rods used for an earth measurement
may be different if a nearby electrical installation is defective or certain
weather conditions prevail (thunderstorms). It is up to the operator to
decide whether to continue or postpone measurements in these
situations.
6
Ground Resistance Tester
1.1 International Electrical Symbols
insulation.
operator
instrument. In this manual, the symbol preceding instructions indicates
installation/sample
and/or product damage may result.
Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be dangerous.
Signifies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced
This symbol on the instrument indicates a WARNING that the
must refer to the user manual for instructions before operating the
that if the instructions are not followed, bodily injury,
Ground/Earth symbol.
In conformity with WEEE 2002/96/EC.
1.2 Definition of Measurement Categories
CAT IV: For measurements performed at the primary electrical supply (<1000V) such
as on primary overcurrent protection devices, ripple control units, or meters.
CAT III:
CAT II: For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the electrical
For measurements performed in the building installation at the distribution level
such as on hardwired equipment in fixed installation and circuit breakers.
distribution system. Examples are measurements on household appliances or
portable tools.
1.3 Receiving Your Shipment
Upon receiving your shipment, make sure that the contents are consistent with the
packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears to
be damaged, file a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at
once, giving a detailed description of any damage. Save the damaged packing
container to substantiate your claim.
1.4 Ordering Information
Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 ........................................ Cat. #2135.51
Includes carrying bag, 110/240V power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable,
rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView
workbook and user manual.
®
software, ground tester
7
Ground Resistance Tester
Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 Kit (300 ft) ...................... Cat. #2135.53
Includes meter, two carrying bags, two 300 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100
ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), 110/240V
power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable, four T-shaped auxiliary ground
electrodes, set of five spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure, rechargeable NiMH battery
pack, and a USB stick with DataView
®
software, ground tester workbook and user manual.
Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 Kit (500 ft) ...................... Cat. #2135.54
Includes meter, two carrying bags, two 500 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two
100 ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft colorcoded leads (red/blue), 110/240V power adapter with US power cord, optical USB cable,
four T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of five spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure,
rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView
workbook and user manual.
®
software, ground tester
1.4.1 Kits, Accessories and Replacement Parts
Test Kit for 3-Pole (3-Point) Testing (150 ft) ............................... Cat. #2135.35
Includes two 150 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft
color-coded leads (red/blue), two T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of five spaded
lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and carrying bag.
Test Kit for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing (300 ft) …........................... Cat. #2135.36
Includes two 300 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100 ft color-coded leads
(hand-tied, green/black), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), four T-shaped auxiliary ground
electrodes, set of five spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and carrying bag.
Test Kit for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing (500 ft) ............................... Cat. #2135.37
Includes two 500 ft color-coded leads on spools (red/blue), two 100 ft color-coded leads
(hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two 5 ft color-coded leads (red/blue), four
T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of five spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and
carrying bag.
Test Kit for 3-Pole (3-Point) Testing
(Supplemental for 4-Pole (4-Point) Testing) ............................................. Cat. #2135.38
Includes two 100 ft color-coded leads (hand-tied, green/black), one 30 ft lead (green), two
T-shaped auxiliary ground electrodes, set of five spaded lugs, one 100 ft tape measure and
carrying bag.
8
Ground Resistance Tester
Extra Large Classic Tool Bag.............................................................. Cat. #2133.73
Tape Measure (100 ft) ........................................................................ Cat. #2130.60
Set of two, 14.5" T-shaped Auxiliary Ground Electrodes .................... Cat. #2135.39
Replacement - Carrying Bag for Meter............................................... Cat. #2135.40
Optical USB Cable.............................................................................. Cat. #2135.41
Inverter – 12V DC to 120V AC 200 Watt for vehicle use .................... Cat. #2135.43
AC Current Probe Model MN82.......................................................... Cat. #2135.71
AC Current Probe Model SR182 ........................................................ Cat. #2135.72
Replacement - Fuse, set of 5, 0.63A 250V 5x10 1.5kA...................... Cat. #2135.81
Safety Alligator Clip - Black (Rated 600V CAT IV, 10A)...................... Cat. #2140.53
Safety Alligator Clip - Green (Rated 600V CAT IV, 10A) .................... Cat. #2140.69
Replacement - Battery, Rechargeable NiMH 9.6V ............................. Cat. #2960.21
Replacement - Power Adapter 110/240V & Power Cord 115V US …. Cat. #5000.13
Replacement - Power Cord 115V US Plug .......................................... Cat. #5000.14
Order Accessories and Replacement Parts Directly Online
Check our Storefront at www.aemc.com/store
for availability
9
Ground Resistance Tester
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT FEATURES
2.1 Description
The Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 is a portable measurement instrument
designed to measure:
• Bond/Connection Resistance (2-Pole and 4-Pole Kelvin sensing)
• Ground Resistance (3-Pole or 4-Pole)
• Ground Coupling Resistance
• Selective Ground Resistance
• Soil Resistivity (Wenner or Schlumberger method)
• Ground Potential
• Ground Resistance with 2 clamps (no auxiliary rods)
®
• Ground Resistance of Pylons with the GroundFlex
and GroundFlex
ground resistance of tower legs without disconnecting the overhead ground
conductor.
®
sensors allow the system to measure leakage current and
Adapter Model 6474
The Model 6472 measures from 0.01 to 99.99kΩ and is auto-ranging, automatically seeking out the optimum measurement range, test frequency and test
current.
Easy-to-use - Simply connect the leads, select the test mode, press Start and read
the results. Up to 512 test results can be stored in internal memory for later recall
to the display or downloaded to a PC via DataView
The large LCD is easy-to-read and indicates ground electrode resistance, test
voltage, current and frequency as well as individual electrode resistance, battery
status and more.
The Model 6472 is CAT IV rated to 50V and is over voltage protected to more than
AC against accidental connection to live circuits. The voltage is also displayed
250V
on screen. In the event of a system fault, the Model 6472 can withstand 250V
Additional features of the Model 6472 include a heavy-duty field case sealed
against dust and water when closed (the test button is also sealed against the elements); manual and automatic test frequency selection from 41 to 5078Hz; user
selectable 3-Pole Fall of Potential or 4-Pole Soil Resistivity test methods and user
selectable 2-Pole or 4-Pole Bond Resistance test method.
®
software.
AC.
10
Ground Resistance Tester
The Model 6472 is powered by 9.6V, 3.5Ah NIMH rechargeable batteries. An
external power supply (120/230V 50/60Hz) is included and enables testing while
charging.
The Ground Resistance Tester Model 6472 is rugged, easy-to-use and ideal for
maintenance crews performing numerous tests. It exceeds mechanical and safety
specifications for shock, vibration and drop tests per IEC standards. The adjust able
test frequency provides for rejection of high levels of interference, allowing it to be
used under difficult conditions such as high stray currents that affect accuracy.
2.2 Key Features
• Ground Resistance testing using the 2 clamp method (no auxiliary rods needed)
• 2- and 4-Pole Bond Resistance/Continuity Measurement (DC Resistance) with
automatic polarity reversal
• 3-Pole Fall-of-Potential measurement with manual or automatic frequency
selection
• 4-Pole soil resistivity measurement with automatic calculation of Rho (ρ) and user
selection of the Wenner or Schlumberger test method
• 3-Pole earth/ground coupling measurement
• Manual and automatic frequency scan from 41 to 5078Hz for optimum test
accuracy in electrically noisy environments
• Selectable test voltage of 16, 32V (10, 16, 32 & 60V for meters manufactured after
August 2019) up to 250mA of test current. The 10V setting is used for applications
in which higher voltage is not recommended. The 60V setting is used primarily for
faster measurements when using Models 6472 and 6474 together, and for testing
for deep soil resistivity measurements.
• Auto-off power management
• Automatic recognition of all electrode connections and their resistance value
• Stores up to 512 complete test results in internal memory
• Optically isolated USB communication
®
• Remote set up and operation of all measurements using DataView
• Automatic report generation including the fall of potential plot
• Rechargeable NiMH batteries from wall charger or vehicle power
• Rugged dustproof and rainproof field case – IP53 rated in closed position
• Grounding standards IEC 61557 parts 4 and 5 compliant
• Includes DataView
®
software for data storage, real-time display, analysis, report
generation and system configuration
software
11
Ground Resistance Tester
2.3 Control Features
Figure 2-1
1. Four terminals: H (Z) (auxiliary electrode), S (Y) (electrode), ES (Xv) (earth/
ground electrode) and E (X) (earth/ground electrode). All terminals accept
4mm Ø banana plugs. Terminals H (Z) and ES (Xv) also accept special
plugs for current clamps. S (Y) will take a shielded cable.
2. Connector for charging the battery (see § 9.4).
3. 256 segment multi-line backlit LCD (see § 2.4).
4. Connector for an optical interface to a PC. Either an RS-232 or USB connection can be used (see § 8 - DataView
5. Connector to the GroundFlex
®
®
).
Adapter Model 6474 using a special adapter
cable.
6. Rotary switch: OFF position, 7 measurement functions (see § 5 and 6) and
SET-UP function (see § 4.2).
7. START/STOP button: Starts the measurement and compensates for the
leads (in the mΩ measurement function - see § 5.2.1).
8. Six function buttons - see § 2.5.
12
Ground Resistance Tester
2.4 Display
A1
A3
NOTE: External voltages will be displayed only on the small displays (A2
and A3) without the view of the main display (A1). This helps to rapidly
recognize that these are measurements of external voltages.
Backlight: The backlight turns ON automatically when entering a function and
turns OFF after the function is complete. Press the DISPLAY button to turn it back
on.
NOTE: In the Set-up mode, pressing the DISPLAY button also selects the
next configurable parameter.
A1
A2
Top main display
A2
Middle small display
Bottom small display
If this symbol blinks during a passive measurement, a voltage of more
than 42V is present at the tester’s inputs.
If this symbol blinks during an active measurement, the limits of use have
been exceeded.
If the symbol appears constant during an active measurement, the
values to be measured are unstable.
Warning buzzer is activated
A3
Figure 2-2
13
Ground Resistance Tester
> or <
energy.
S x 1/10
Indicates the sensitivity of the GroundFlex®: x1/10, x1, x10.
sensors connected (1 to 4). If this symbol blinks,
may not be connected or the current ISEL measured by
the GroundFlex
sensor is too small and is outside the limits of use.
OBJ:TEST
entered, use the CHANGE buttons to move to the next one.
SWEEP
SWEEP
are available.
surement was started.
CONFIG
voltage or DC current direction can be changed.
MR
cates that the results need to be saved by pressing the MEM button.
EARTH
COUPLING
A blinking symbol > (greater than) or < (less than) indicates that the
measurement range is exceeded.
If both symbols are blinking during a passive measurement, the values
of voltage and/or current are too small and are beyond the limits of use.
The resistance RPASS displayed by the tester is then highly uncertain.
If both symbols are blinking during an active measurement, the values
to be measured are strongly varying (remedy: switch on smoothing of
measured values with SMOOTH function).
Indicates the battery charge condition; the segments represent the
Indicates whether the 3-Pole EARTH measurement or the EARTH
COUPLING measurement has been selected.
®
Display of the number of turns in GroundFlex
®
Number of GroundFlex
the GroundFlex
Object and test number for storage in memory.
Indicates lead compensation for 2-Pole measurement is active
®
®
sensors (1 to 4).
DISTANCE
FREQUENCY
MANUAL
AUTO
NOISE
MEM
REMOTE
If blinking, indicates the value is ready to be overwritten with a new value
or that a new value will be entered. If more than one value has to be
Indicates the test frequency.
Indicates that the secondary function of a button will be used.
Indicates
Indicates MANUAL mode - the user has to stop the measurement,
otherwise the measurement keeps on running.
Indicates AUTO mode - measurement stops immediately after all results
If blinking, indicates the measurement had a disturbance when the mea-
Indicates that the blinking value of AUTO/MANUAL mode, frequency,
Memory recall - indicates the displaying of stored results is active
Indicates that there is recorded data in memory. When blinking, it indi-
Indicates the instrument is remotely controlled by the RS-232/USB
interface.
mode - Used in 3-Pole and 4-Pole measurements.
14
Ground Resistance Tester
SMOOTH
this button again (MANUAL).
selects the next parameter. Press the button for a longer time to increase
the change of value speed at a faster rate.
SMOOTH
result.
DISTANCE: Available for soil resistivity and V potential measurements. It
Indicates SMOOTHing of the displayed measurement results.
Indicates that a clamp is (steady) or should be (flashing) connected to
ES.
Measured value (R, U, I).
Indicates that the measurement is running.
ALARM
Indicates the alarm is activated. An audible alarm will sound if the value
measured is above the limit defined in the SET-UP mode.
Distances to be entered between earth electrode and supplementary
electrodes or between earth electrodes.
Clamp should be connected to H.
If this clamp symbol blinks, the instrument is refusing measurement
because the clamp is not connected correctly.
Symbolizes the soil resistivity value (Rho): W or S indicates that Wenner
or Schlumberger method is used for the measurement (changed by the
Hz/OPTIONS button).
2.5 Button Functions
Starts a measurement and compensates for lead resistance (§ 5.2.1).
START/STOP
Measurement stops automatically (AUTO) or is stopped by pressing
Selects the second function highlighted in yellow under the buttons.
Increases or decreases the value of the flashing parameter displayed or
Selects the parameter to be modified or moves the cursor to the right.
MEM/MR
DISPLAY/
H
z/OPTIONS/
DISTANCE
MEM: Stores measurements to memory.
MR: Retrieves measurements from memory.
DISPLAY: Displays all parameters of a measurement.
SMOOTH: Smooths the display of measurement providing a more stable
Hz/OPTIONS: Enables configuration of measurement functions.
allows the setting of values of distances used for Rho (ρ) calculation.
15
Ground Resistance Tester
Influencing Parameters
Reference Values
Temperature
68°F ± 5.5°F (20°C ± 3°C)
Relative Humidity
45 to 55% RH
Power Supply
9 to 11.2V
Frequency Range of Input Signal
0 to 440Hz
Capacitance Parallel to Input Resistance
0 uF
Electric Field
<1 V/m
Magnetic Field
< 40 A/m
Measurement Range
5 to 450Hz
Resolution
1Hz
Operating error
± 2Hz
Min. current through a clamp
0.5mA
Min. signal strength for GroundFlex®
5mA
CHAPTER 3
SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Reference Conditions
3.2 Electrical
3.2.1 Frequency Measurements
Measuring method: Digital with a sampling frequency of 4028Hz, low pass, FFT.
The frequency of the strongest spectral component is displayed.
Measuring rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.
Min. input voltage 10mV
3.2.2 Voltage Measurements
Overvoltages up to 75Vrms are displayed as ">65V". Permanent overvoltages
between 70 and 75V at terminals H (Z) and E (X) can cause overheating of the
overvoltage protection varistor.
Voltages of more than 75Vrms lead to error message 31 (excessive external
voltage) or 32 (voltage measurement overrange).
If terminals H (Z) and E (X) are put into contact with the line voltage, the
protection fuse will blow.
16
Ground Resistance Tester
External Voltage Measurements
1.2MΩ
Measuring Method: Digital by sampling at 4028Hz, low pass filter, FFT. The
frequency of the strongest spectral component is displayed.
Measuring Rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.
Signal Conversion: TRMS or sum of all harmonics 10 to 450Hz during selective
earth measurements with clamp or by GroundFlex
®
sensors.
Measurement Range
Resolution 0.01V 0.1V
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)
Operating error ± (5% + 1ct)
Input impedance Z
Operating frequency DC and 15 to 440Hz
H-E
, Z
S-E (ZS-ES
)
0.00 to 9.99V
10 to 65V
3.2.3 Current Measurements
External Current Measurements
Measuring Method: Digital by sampling at 4028Hz, low pass filter, FFT.
Measuring Rate: Display updates approx. 3 times per s.
Signal Conversion: Sum of all harmonics 10 to 450Hz
With Current Probe SR182
Measurement
Range
Resolution 0.01mA 0.1mA 1mA 0.01A 0.1A
Frequency range 16 to 49Hz 50 to 99Hz 100 to 400Hz
Operating error from
0.5 to 100mA
Operating error from
0.1 to 40.0A
0.00 to
9.99mA
± (10% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts) ± (3% + 2cts)
> 20% ± (10% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts)
10.0 to
99.9mA
100 to 999mA 1.00 to
9.99A 10 to
40A
17
Ground Resistance Tester
With Current Probe MN82
16 to 49Hz
50 to 99Hz
0.5 to 100mA
Range
Measurement
Range
Resolution 0.01mA 0.1mA 1mA 0.01A 0.1A
Frequency range
Operating error from
0.00 to
9.99mA
± (15% + 2cts) ± (7% + 2cts) ± (5% + 2cts)
10.0 to
99.9mA
(1)
100 to
999mA
1.00 to
9.99A
(1)
10 to
(1)
40A
100 to 400Hz
Operating error from
0.1 to 40.0A
(1) : The Model 6472 cannot detect whether a current clamp SR182 or MN82 is connected. In the case of
the MN82 clamp, with currents > 10A and frequencies < 100Hz the instrument will not display any
warning messages. It is the operator’s responsibility to observe the limits of use when using the MN82
clamp.
> 20% ± (15% + 2cts) ± (7% + 2cts)
3.2.4 DC Resistance Measurements
Measuring Method: Voltage/Current measurement (Standard EN 61557 part 4)
Nominal Output Voltage: 16V
reduced to 10V
DC
)
(if resistance < 22Ω the output voltage is
DC
Max Output Current: > 200mADC for resistances < 20Ω
Max Overload (permanent): 50Vrms (protection up to 250V is guaranteed)
Max Inductive Load: 2 H
Max Interfering Voltage: 60Vpeak > 10Hz
Time for Auto Range Selecting: approx 5 s
Measuring Time: 8 s with automatic polarity inversion
Measuring Rate: 3 per s in manual mode
Lead Compensation: Possible from 0 to 5Ω
Alarm Setting: “>” or “<” from 1 to 999Ω (max 3 digits)
2-Pole mΩ measurement
Measurement
Resolution
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 2cts)
Operating error ± (5% + 3cts)
0.12 to
9.99Ω
0.01Ω
10.0 to
99.9Ω
0.1Ω
100 to
999Ω
1Ω
1.00 to
9.99kΩ
10Ω
10.0 to
99.9kΩ
100Ω
18
Ground Resistance Tester
4- Pole mΩ measurement
Range
Range
Measurement
Resolution
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 2cts)
Operating error ± (5% + 5cts)
0.020 to
9.999Ω
0.001Ω
10.00 to
99.99Ω
0.01Ω
100.0 to
999.9Ω
0.1Ω
1.000 to
9.999kΩ
1Ω
10.00 to
99.99kΩ
10Ω
3.2.5 AC Earth Resistance Measurements
Measuring Method: Voltage/Current measurement (EN 61557 part 5)
Open circuit voltage: Test voltages of 16, 32Vrms (10, 16, 32 or 60Vrms for
meters manufactured after August 2019) square wave (if current > 240mA the
output voltage is reduced to 10Vrms)
Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 5078Hz (see table in § 6.2)
Short circuit current: > 200mAAC
Noise suppression: > 80dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the test
frequency
Max. overload: 250Vrms
Max. value for RH & RS: 100kΩ
Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 7 s for first value of R
128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
Long push on START: approx. 15 s for first value of R
128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
The following error indications refer to reference conditions with a test voltage of
32V, test frequency of 128Hz, R
and RS = 1kΩ, no external voltage.
H
The operating error of AC resistance measurements can be less than that specified for voltage or current because frequency characteristics of the voltage channel
are matched to those of the current channel.
Measurement of auxiliary electrodes R
Measurement
Resolution
Operating error ± (10% + 2cts)
0.14 to
9.99Ω
0.1Ω
10.0 to
99.9Ω
0.1Ω
, RS, RES, R
H
100 to
999Ω
1Ω
E
1.00 to
9.99kΩ
10Ω
The START button must be pressed for more than 2 s. For frequencies between
41 and 256Hz, the resistance of the auxiliary earth electrodes is measured at the
test frequency set. At higher frequencies the resistance is measured at 256Hz.
at
E
at
E
10.0 to
99.9kΩ
100Ω
19
Ground Resistance Tester
3- Pole earth resistance measurement R
Range
0.01Ω
0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω 100Ω
E
OUT
Range
0.001Ω
0.01Ω
0.1Ω 1Ω 10Ω
537 to 5078
± (6% + 2cts)
Measurement
0.09 to
9.99Ω
Resolution
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)
Operating conditions: R
Values for RH, RS and RE
R
≥ 0Ω, R
R
R
H
H
> 3kΩ, R
H
> 30k
Ω
(R
+ R
H
< 3000
(R
+ R
H
< 5000
) / RE
S
) / RE
S
10.0 to
99.9Ω
< 3 x RH, U
≤ 3kΩ
S
≤ 30kΩ
S
, RS < 100k Ω
E
100 to
999Ω
= 32V
Frequency (Hz)
1.00 to
9.99kΩ
Operating error for RE
41 to 513 ± (3% + 2cts)
537 to 5078 ± (6% + 2cts)
41 to 513 ± (10% + 2cts)
41 to 128 ± (10% + 3cts)
10.0 to
99.9kΩ
Note: For a test voltage U
of 10V or 16V, halve the value for RH.
OUT
4- Pole earth resistance measurement R
Measurement
0.011 to
9,999Ω
Resolution
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)
Operating conditions: RE < 3 x RH, U
Values for RH, RS and RE
R
(R
) / RE
+ R
H
S
< 3000
(R
) / RE
+ R
H
S
< 5000
Note: For a test voltage U
H
R
> 3kΩ, R
H
R
> 30kΩ, R
H
≥ 0Ω, R
OUT
10.00 to
99.99Ω
≤ 3kΩ
S
≤ 30kΩ
S
< 100kΩ
S
of 10V or 16V, halve the value for RH.
E
100.0 to
999.9Ω
Frequency (Hz)
1.000 to
9.999kΩ
= 32V
OUT
Operating error for RE
41 to 513 ± (3% + 2cts)
41 to 513 ± (10% + 2cts)
41 to 128 ± (10% + 3cts)
Selective 4-Pole earth resistance measurement with SR182 or MN82 clamp
Same characteristics as 4-Pole earth measurements with the following particular
conditions:
Minimum current: SR182, I
MN82, I
ES
ES
>2mA
>0.5mA
10.00 to
99.99kΩ
Maximum R
ratio: SR182, (R
SEL/RE
MN82, (R
with R
SEL/RE
SEL/RE
+ RE <20Ω
H
) <500
) <120
20
Ground Resistance Tester
3.2.6 Soil Resistivity Measurement ρ
9.99Ω
99.9Ω
999Ω
9.99kΩ
99.9kΩ
Operating conditions : R
S-ES
< 3 x R
and:
Operating error for R
S-ES
electrode
S-ES
Measuring method: Voltage/Current measurement (EN 61557 part 5)
Open circuit voltage: Test voltages of 16, 32Vrms (10, 16, 32 or 60Vrms for meters
manufactured after August 2019) square wave
Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 128Hz (see table in § 6.2)
Short circuit current: > 200mA
AC
Noise suppression: > 80 dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the test
frequency
Max. overload: 250Vrms
Max. value for RH, RS, RES, RE: 100kΩ
Calculation formula, Wenner: ρ
= 2π d R
W
Calculation formula, Schlumberger: ρS = (π (d² - (A/2)²) / A) R
S-ES
S-ES
Maximum value of ρ: 999kΩm (display in kΩft is not possible)
Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 8 s for first value of R
128 Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
Long push on START: approx. 20 s for first value of R
128 Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
S-ES
S-ES
at
at
Measurement
Range
Resolution
Intrinsic error ± (2% + 1ct)
The intrinsic error specified refers to reference conditions with a test voltage of 32V,
test frequency of 128Hz, R
R
electrode
R
electrode
R
R
/ R
electrode
/ R
0.00 to
0.01Ω
≤ 100kΩ
≤ 2000
S-ES
≤ 50kΩ
≤ 10,000
ρ-H
, R
, R
ρ-S
10.0 to
0.1Ω
ρ-ES
and R
ρ
-H
100 to
1Ω
= 1kΩ, no external voltage.
ρ-E
1.00 to
10Ω
± (7% + 2cts)
± (15% + 3cts)
10.0 to
100Ω
R
electrode
/ R
R
electrode
R
is the resistance of the earth rods R
rod
Note: With a test voltage U
≤ 10kΩ
S-ES
≤ 20,000
, R
ρ
of 10V or 16V, halve the value of R
OUT
, R
ρ
-E
-ES
± (20% + 1ct)
, R
ρ
assumed to be identical.
ρ
-E
-H
.
rod
21
Ground Resistance Tester
Measurement of auxiliary electrodes R
0.00 to
99.99mV
100.0 to
999.9mV
1.000 to
9.999V
10.00 to
65.00V
Intrinsic error U
Operating conditions: RE < 3 x RH and :
RH
RS
U
S-E
41 to 5078
41 to 1025
1 to 3kΩ
41 to 512
3 to 10kΩ
41 to 128
Measurement
Range
Resolution
Operating error ± (10% + 2cts)
0.14 to
9.99Ω
0.1Ω
10.0 to
99.9Ω
0.1Ω
, R
, R
, R
ρ
ρ
-H
ρ
-S
100 to
999Ω
1Ω
-ES
ρ
-E
1.00 to
9.99kΩ
10Ω
The START button must be pressed for more than 2 s. For frequencies between
41 and 128Hz, the resistance of the auxiliary earth electrodes is measured at the
test frequency set. At higher frequencies the resistance is measured at 128Hz.
3.2.7 Earth/Ground Potential Measurements V Pot
Measuring method: Voltage/Current measurement
Open circuit voltage: Test voltages of 16, 32Vrms (10, 16, 32 or 60Vrms for meters
manufactured after August 2019) square wave
Test frequency: Selectable from 41 to 5078Hz (see table in § 6.2)
Short circuit current: > 200mA
Noise suppression: > 80 dB for frequencies 20% or more above or below the
test frequency
Max. overload: 250Vrms
Max. value for R
& RS: 100kΩ
H
Measuring time: Short push on START: approx. 7 s for first value of RE at
128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
Long push on START: approx. 15 s for first value of R
128Hz, then 3 measurements per s.
Measurement Range
AC
10.0 to
99.9kΩ
100Ω
E
at
Resolution 0.01mV 0.1mV 1mV 10mV
The intrinsic error specified refers to reference conditions with a test voltage of
32V, test frequency of 128Hz, R
< 3kΩ
3 to 60kΩ
Note: With a test voltage U
S-E
≤ 1kΩ
± (5% + 1ct)
, and RS = 1kΩ, no external voltage.
H
Freq. (Hz)
41 to 512 < 3mV ± (10% + 10cts)
OUT
> 3mV
> 10mV
of 10V or 16V, halve the value for RH.
Operating error for U
± (5% + 4cts)
S-E
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