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3945-B
User Manual
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Aemc instruments 3945-B User Manual

3-PHASE POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
3945-B
PowerPad
®
ENGLISH
By registering online within 30 days from the date of
purchase, your warranty will be extended to 3 years
User Manual
Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC® Instruments certifies that this instrument has been calibrated using standards and instruments traceable to international standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping your instrument has met its published specifications.
An NIST traceable certificate may be requested at the time of purchase, or obtained by returning the instrument to our repair and calibration facility, for a nominal charge.
The recommended calibration interval for this instrument is 12 months and begins on the date of receipt by the customer. For recalibration, please use our calibration services. Refer to our repair and calibration section at www.aemc.com.
Serial #: ____________________________________
Cat. #: ______________________________________
Model #: 3945-B
Please fill in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received: _________________________________
Date Calibration Due: _______________________
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a AEMC® Instruments
www.aemc.com
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE
USING FOR THE FIRST TIME
Your instrument is equipped with a NiMH battery. This technology offers several advantages:
• Long battery charge life for a limited volume and weight.
• Possibility of quickly recharging your battery.
• Signicantlyreducedmemoryeffect:youcanrechargeyour
battery even if it is not fully discharged.
• Respectfortheenvironment:nopollutantmaterialssuchaslead
or cadmium, in compliance with the applicable regulations.
After prolonged storage, the battery may be completely discharged. If so, it must be completely recharged.
Your instrument may not function during part of this recharging operation.
Full recharging of a completely discharged battery may take several hours.
In this case, at least 5 charge/discharge cycles will be necessary for your battery to recover 95% of its capacity.
To make the best possible use of your battery and extend its effective service life:
• Only use the charger supplied with your instrument. Use of
another charger may be dangerous.
• Only charge your instrument at temperatures between 0° and 40°C.
• Complywiththeconditionsofusedenedintheoperatingmanual.
• Complywiththestorageconditionsspeciedintheoperating
manual.
NiMH technology allows a limited number of charge/discharge cycles depending
signicantly on:
• The conditions of use.
• The charging conditions.
Please refer to § 7 for correct replacement of the battery.
Do not dispose of the battery pack with other solid waste. Used batteries
must be entrusted to a qualied recycling company or to a company
specialized in processing hazardous materials.
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 7
1.1 International Electrical Symbols ...........................................................7
1.2 Denition of Measurement Categories .................................................8
1.3 Receiving Your Shipment .....................................................................8
1.4 Ordering Information ............................................................................8
1.4.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts ......................................9
1.4.2 Third Party Accessories ........................................................10
2. PRODUCT FEATURES ....................................................................... 11
2.1 Description .........................................................................................11
2.2 Control Functions ...............................................................................12
2.3 Display ...............................................................................................14
2.4 Battery Charge Status ........................................................................16
3. SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................. 17
3.1 Reference Conditions.........................................................................17
3.2 Electrical Specications .....................................................................17
3.2.1 Voltage Inputs .......................................................................17
3.2.2 Current Inputs .......................................................................18
3.2.3 Accuracy Specications (excluding current probes) ............18
3.2.4 Nominal Range of Use ..........................................................19
3.2.5 Power Supply ........................................................................19
3.3 Mechanical Specications ..................................................................20
3.4 Environmental Specications .............................................................20
3.5 Safety Specications ..........................................................................20
3.6 AC Current Probe Model SR193
3.7 AC Current Probe MN93 Probe .........................................................22
3.8 AC Current Probe MN193 Probe
3.9 AC Current Probe AmpFlex® Probe
3.10 AC Current Probe MiniFlex® Sensor
3.11 AC Current Probe MR193 Probe ............................................................ 26
3.12 Three-phase 5A Adapter Box .............................................................28
3.12.1 Connecting to Secondary Current Transformer ...................29
3.12.2 Specications ........................................................................29
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
...............................................................21
............................................................... 23
...........................................................24
......................................................... 25
3
4. OPERATION ..................................................................................... 30
4.1 Instrument Conguration (Set-up mode) ............................................30
4.1.1 Date / Time ............................................................................31
4.1.2 Contrast / Brightness ............................................................31
4.1.3 Colors ....................................................................................32
4.1.4 Calculation Parameters.........................................................32
4.1.5 Electrical Hookup (electrical network) ...................................33
4.1.6 Current Sensors ....................................................................34
4.1.7 Baud Rate .............................................................................35
4.1.8 Recording..............................................................................36
4.1.9 Alarm .....................................................................................37
4.1.10 Clear Memory .......................................................................39
4.1.11 Line Frequency .....................................................................39
5. DISPLAY MODES ............................................................................. 40
5.1 Waveform Mode
5.1.1 RMS Voltage Measurement on a Three-phase System ........40
5.1.2
5.1.3 RMS Current Measurement .................................................42
5.1.4 Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement on One Phase .......42
5.1.5 Minimum and Maximum Current Value Measurements ........43
5.1.6 Simultaneous Display of Current Measurements..................44
5.1.7 Phasor Diagram Display (Fresnel Diagram) .........................45
5.2 Harmonics Mode
5.2.1 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Voltage Analysis ............46
5.2.2 Single Phase and Phase-to-Phase Current Analysis ............47
5.2.3 Power and Direction Flow Analysis .......................................48
5.2.4 Harmonic Analysis in Expert Mode .......................................49
5.3 Power / Energy Mode
5.3.1 Starting and Stopping Energy Totalization ............................50
5.3.2 G Button ................................................................................51
5.3.3 PF... Button ...........................................................................51
5.4 Transient Mode
5.4.1 Opening Previously Stored Transients..................................54
5.4.2 Storing the Trigger ................................................................54
5.5 Alarm Mode
RMS Voltage Measurement on 3 Phases ..............................41
.................................................................................40
................................................................................46
.........................................................................50
.................................................................................52
........................................................................................56
4
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
5.6 Recording Mode
5.6.1 Saving the Selected Parameters ..........................................57
5.6.2 Selecting or Deleting a Record .............................................59
5.6.3 Selecting a Graphic Display for Recorded Measurements ......60
5.7 Saving a Display
5.8 Opening a Previously Saved Snapshot
5.9 Printing
5.10 Help
...............................................................................................65
....................................................................................................65
.................................................................................57
................................................................................63
..............................................64
6. DATAVIEW® SOFTWARE ................................................................... 66
6.1 Installing DataView® ...........................................................................66
6.2 Connecting the Model 3945-B to your Computer ...............................69
6.3 Opening the Control Panel .................................................................70
6.4 Common Functions ............................................................................72
6.5 Conguring the Instrument .................................................................72
6.5.1 Setup.....................................................................................73
6.5.2 Instrument Display ................................................................74
6.5.3 Alarm Conditions Conguration ............................................75
6.5.4 Recordings Conguration .....................................................77
6.5.5 Transients .............................................................................78
6.5.6 Monitoring .............................................................................79
6.5.7 Running the Test ...................................................................80
6.6 Real-time Windows ............................................................................80
6.6.1 Waveform, Harmonic Bar and Harmonic Text .......................80
6.6.2 Power/Energy .......................................................................81
6.6.3 Trend .....................................................................................82
6.7 Downloading Data to Database .........................................................82
6.7.1 Recordings ............................................................................83
6.7.2 Photographs..........................................................................84
6.7.3 Alarms ...................................................................................85
6.7.4 Transients .............................................................................85
6.7.5 Monitoring .............................................................................87
6.7.6 Saving Real-time Measurements ..........................................88
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
5
7. MAINTENANCE ................................................................................ 90
7.1 Recharging the Battery ......................................................................90
7.2 Battery Replacement..........................................................................90
7.2 Cleaning .............................................................................................91
APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS .......................................... 92
Half-period Voltage and Current RMS Values .............................................92
MIN / MAX Values for Voltage and Current .................................................93
Peak Values for Voltage and Current ..........................................................93
Peak Factors for Current and Voltage .........................................................93
1 sec RMS Values for Voltage and Current .................................................94
Voltage and Current Unbalance ..................................................................94
THD Calculation ..........................................................................................94
Calculation of Harmonic Bins ......................................................................95
Distortion Factor Calculation (DF) ...............................................................95
K Factor .......................................................................................................96
Different Power Levels 1 Sec ......................................................................96
Ratios ..........................................................................................................97
Various Types of Energy .............................................................................97
Hysteresis ....................................................................................................99
APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY ................................................................... 100
Repair and Calibration
Technical and Sales Assistance
Limited Warranty
Warranty Repairs
6
..................................................................... 103
....................................................... 103
............................................................................. 104
............................................................................. 104
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Warning
• Never use on circuits with a voltage higher than 600V and an overvoltage category higher than CAT III or IV (probe dependant)
• Use in indoor environments only.
• Only use accessories that are compliant with the safety standards (IEC 664-1 Ed. 92) 600V min and overvoltage CAT III or IV.
• Only use factory specied replacement parts.
• Always disconnect the power cord, measurement leads and sensors be-
fore replacing the battery.

1.1 International Electrical Symbols

Signifies that the instrument is protected by double or reinforced insulation.
CAUTION - DANGER! Read the User Manual.
Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be dangerous.
Refers to a type A current sensor. This symbol signifies that application around and removal from HAZARDOUS LIVE conductors is permitted. Refers to a type B current sensor. Do not apply around or remove from HAZARD­OUS LIVE conductors without additional protective means (de-energizing the circuit or wearing protective clothing suitable for high voltage work).
Important instructions to read and understand completely.
Important information to acknowledge.
USB socket
The CE marking guarantees conformity with European directives and with regulations covering EMC. The trash can with a line through it means that in the European Union, the
product must undergo selective disposal for the recycling of electric and electronic material, in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
7
1.2 Definition of Measurement Categories
CATIV: For measurements performed at the primary electrical supply (<1000V)
such as on primary overcurrent protection devices, ripple control units, or meters.
CATIII: For measurements performed in the building installation at the distribution
level such as on hardwired equipment in xed installation and circuit
breakers.
CATII: For measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the
electrical distribution system. Examples are measurements on household appliances or portable tools.

1.3 Receiving Your Shipment

Make sure that the contents shipped are consistent with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears to be damaged,
le a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at once, giving
a detailed description of any damage. Save the damaged packing container to substantiate your claim. Do not use equipment which is damaged or appears to be damaged.
After receiving your PowerPad®, charge and discharge the instrument one or two cycles to ensure the proper level display of the battery indicator.

1.4 Ordering Information

PowerPad® Model 3945-B ..............................................................Cat. #2130.74
Includes extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/MN93 ................................................ Cat. #2130.75
Includes meter, set of three MN93 (240A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter,
with DataView® software and user manual.
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/SR193 ...............................................Cat. #2130.76
Includes meter, set of three SR193 (1200A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, RS-232 to USB adapter, with DataView® software and user manual.
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack, and a USB stick
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/24" AmpFlex® 193-24 ...................... Cat. #2130.77
Includes meter, set of three 24" AmpFlex® 193-24 (6500A) sensors, extra large tool bag, soft carry­ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled
8
RS-232 to USB adapter,
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
US 115V power cord,
serial cable, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
RS-232 to USB adapter,
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/36" AmpFlex® 193-36 ...................... Cat. #2130.78
Includes meter, set of three 36" AmpFlex® 193-36 (6500A) sensors, extra large tool bag, soft carry­ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
RS-232 to USB adapter,
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/MR193 .............................................. Cat. #2130.79
Includes meter, set of three color-coded MR193 (1000AAC/1400ADC) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carrying pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, pack, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
RS-232 to USB adapter,
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery
PowerPad® Model 3945-B w/MN193 .............................................. Cat. #2130.80
Includes meter, set of three color-coded MN193 (6A/120A) probes, extra large tool bag, soft carry­ing pouch, four 10 ft color-coded voltage leads and alligator clips, RS-232 DB9F optically coupled serial cable, and a USB stick with DataView® software and user manual.
RS-232 to USB adapter,
US 115V power cord, rechargeable NiMH battery pack,
Only the SR, Ampflex® and MiniFlex® sensors are rated 600V CAT IV The MN, MR and SL probes are 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III

1.4.1 Accessories and Replacement Parts

Extra Large Tool Bag ........................................................................ Cat. #2133.73
Set of 3 Color-coded, MN93 Probes (240A) ..................................... Cat. #2140.09
Set of 3 Color-coded, SR193 Probes (1200A) .................................Cat. #2140.10
Set of 3 Color-coded, 24" AmpFlex® 193-24 Probes (6500A) .......... Cat. #2140.11
Set of 3 Color-coded, 36" AmpFlex® 193-36 Probes (6500A) ..........Cat. #2140.12
Set of 3 Color-coded, MR193 Probes (1000AAC /1400ADC) ............ Cat. #2140.13
Set of 3 Color-coded, MN193 Probes (6A/120A) ............................. Cat. #2140.14
Replacement, Soft Carrying Pouch .................................................. Cat. #2140.15
5A Adapter Box (for 1 or 5A probes) ................................................. Cat. #2140.17
10 ft Cable, PC RS-232, DB9 F/F.....................................................Cat. #2140.18
Replacement Battery 9.6V NiMH......................................................Cat. #2140.19
Set of (3) Color-coded MN93 Probes, 30 ft Leads (200A)................Cat. #2140.24
Set of (3) Color-coded SR193 Probes, 30 ft Leads (1200A) ............ Cat. #2140.25
Set of (3) Color-coded 24", 30 ft Leads (6500A)
AmpFlex® Sensors Model 193-24-30 ...............................................Cat. #2140.26
Set of (3) Color-coded 36", 30 ft Leads (6500A)
AmpFlex® Sensors Model 193-36-30 ...............................................Cat. #2140.27
MR193 Probe (black connector) (1000AAC /1400ADC) ..................... Cat. #2140.28
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
9
Set of (3) Color-coded MN193, 30 ft Leads (5A/100A).....................Cat. #2140.29
Set of (3) Color-coded MR193, 30 ft Leads (1000AAC/1400ADC) .....Cat. #2140.30
AC Current Probe Model MN93-BK (200A) ...................................... Cat. #2140.32
AC Current Probe Model SR193-BK (1200A) ..................................Cat. #2140.33
AmpFlex® Sensor 24" Model 193-24-BK (6500A) ............................Cat. #2140.34
AmpFlex® Sensor 36" Model 193-36-BK (6500A) ............................Cat. #2140.35
AC Current Probe Model MN193-BK (5A/100A) ..............................Cat. #2140.36
MiniFlex® Sensor 10" Model MA193-10-BK (1000A) ........................ Cat. #2140.48
Set of 4, Color-coded 30 ft (9m) Voltage Leads (600V CAT IV 10A)
.. Cat. #2140.61
Replacement Lead - Set of 4, Color-coded 10 ft (3m)
with Color-coded alligator clips (red, black, blue & white) ................ Cat. #2140.64
115V Power Cord US .......................................................................Cat. #5000.14

1.4.2 Third Party Accessories

Converter - USB to RS-232, DB9 M/M ................available online at www.startech.com
Converter - Ethernet to RS-232, Model ESP901 ...available online at www.bb-elec.com
OrderAccessoriesandReplacementPartsOnline:www.aemc.com/store
®
DataView
SoftwareUpdatesAvailableOnline:www.aemc.com
10
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
CHAPTER 2

PRODUCT FEATURES

2.1 Description

The PowerPad® Model 3945-B is a three-phase power quality analyzer that is easy-to-use, compact and shock-resistant. It is intended for technicians and engi­neers to measure and carry out diagnostic work and power quality work on one, two or three phase low voltage networks.
Users are able to obtain instant waveforms of an electrical network’s principal char­acteristics, and also monitor their variation over a period of time. The multi-tasking measurement system simultaneously handles all the measurement functions and waveform display of the various magnitudes, detection, continuous recordings and their display without any constraints.
Features:
• Measurement of TRMS voltages up to 480V (phase-to-neutral) or 830V (phase-to-phase) for two, three or four-wire systems
• Measurement of TRMS currents up to 6500Arms
• Measurement of DC voltage up to 850V
• Measurement of DC current up to 1400ADC (with MR193 probe)
• Frequency measurement (41 to 70Hz systems)
• Calculation of neutral current for WYE congurations
• Calculation of Crest Factors for current and voltage
• Calculation of the K Factor for transformers
• Calculation of short-term icker for voltage
• Calculation of the phase unbalance for voltage and current (3 phase only)
• Measurement of harmonic angles and rates (referenced to the fundamen­tal or RMS value) for voltage, current or power, up to 50
• Calculation of overall harmonic distortion factors
• Monitoring of the average value of any parameter, calculated over a period
running from 1 sec to 2 hrs
• Measurement of active, reactive and apparent power per phase and their
respective sum total
• Calculation of power factor, displacement power factor and tangent factor
• Total power from a point in time, chosen by the operator
• Recording, time stamping and characterization of disturbance (swells, sags and interruptions, exceedence of power and harmonic thresholds)
• Detection of transients and recording of associated waveforms
th
harmonic
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
11

2.2 Control Functions

67
1
300V
2
-300
RMS
3
4
MODEL 3945-B
123
0
<t= 5.0ms V1= +0 V2 = +0 V3 = +0 >
THD CF
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:26 10 0
0.3 v 0.3 v 0.3 v
max min
%
3U 3V 3A L1 L2 L3
8
9
10
11
5
?
W
PowerPad
®
Figure 2-1
Over molded protective case.
Color LCD display with graphic representation of system parameters and
measurements
Six (6) function buttons used to modify the display mode.
Four (4) function buttons which allow the user to:
Access the instrument setup parameters (see § 4.1).
Take a snapshot of the current screen or access screens already stored in the memory. Record associated waveform and power measurement data.
Print the measurement results on an external printer.
Get help on the current display functions, in the language chosen by the user.
12
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
12
ON / OFF button.
Three (3) current inputs on the top of the instrument to enable the use of
current sensors (MN, SR, AmpFlex®, and MR probes).
Four (4) voltage inputs.
RS-232 bidirectional optically isolated output for transferring data to a PC (bi-
directional) or printing to a dedicated printer (DPU 414 - SEIKO).
AC Line power input.
Enter button.
Four (4) buttons that enable movement of the cursor, browsing or the selec­tion of data.
Buttons for directly accessing the 6 display modes at any time:
Transients(setrecordingorviewrecordedtransient):
• displays waveforms associated with rapid changes in input
HarmonicsView:
• display of the harmonics in percent and value ratios for of voltage,
current and power, for each harmonic through the 50
• determination of harmonic current produced by non-linear loads
• analysis of the problems caused by harmonics according to their order (heating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.)
WaveformsView:
• displays voltage and current waveforms or vector representation (Phasor diagram)
• identication of signal distortion signatures
•
display of amplitude and phase unbalance for voltage and current
• checking connections for correct phase order
th
Power/Energy(vieworstartenergymonitoring):
• display of power levels and the associated parameters (power factor, displacement and tangent)
• energy monitoring
• four quadrant measurement to discern produced/consumed ac-
tive energies and inductive/capacitive reactive energies
Recording(setrecordingorviewrecordeddata):
• time-related representation as bar charts or line graphs, of aver­age power levels or of the average value of any parameter
• Line graphs of each selected parameter (up to 22) vs time
• line voltage stability check
• management of power consumed and generated
• monitoring of harmonic variations
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
13
AlarmEvents:
• provides a list of the alarms recorded according to the thresholds
• logging of interruption with half-cycle resolution
• determination of energy consumption exceedences
• stores value, duration, date, time and set point for up to 4096

2.3 Display

programmed during conguration
events
1
2
300V
0
-300
3
<t= 5.0ms V1= +276 V2 = -140 V3= -145 >
RMS
Top display bar indicates:
123
202.5 v202.0 v202.7 v
THD CF
Figure 2-2
07/25/0249.99Hz 10:26 10 0
max min
4
• Symbol of the tested mode (e.g. , , , etc)
• Frequency of measured signal
• Memory capacity status bar (only available in certain modes)
• Current date and time
• Battery charge status
3U 3V 3A L1 L2 L3
%
5
Measured RMS values associated with waveforms.
Values of signals at an instant “t”, at the intersection of cursor and the waveforms.
The cursor can be moved along the time scale by pressing the
14
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
buttons.
Measurement selection:
RMS True RMS Measurement
THD Total Harmonic Distortion
CF Crest Factor
max/min
Maximum and Minimum values
Simultaneous display of the various measurements in alphanumeric form
Phasor diagram
The calculation of the DPF, Tan, KF,Φ, UNB, Min, Max, VAR, Harmonics, PST, and DF parameters and the frequency measurement can only be performed if voltage with a frequency of 41 to 70 Hz is applied to the Ch1 voltage input.
Selection of waveforms to be displayed (use the buttons to select):
• 3U displays the 3 phase-to-phase voltages U1-2, U2-3, U3-1
• 3V displays the 3 phase-to-neutral voltages V1N, V2N, V3N
• 3A displays the 3 phase currents
• 4A displays the 3 phase currents and the neutral current
• L1, L2 or L3 displays the voltage and current, on phase 1, 2 or 3, when
selected
Protocol:
U: Signies phase-to-phase voltage
V: Signies phase-to-neutral voltage
L1, L2, L3: Refer to the phases (A,B,C or other)
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
15

2.4 Battery Charge Status

25%
100%
25%
0%
?
?
Battery Charging
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of total capacity already charged (between 0 and 99%)
• Battery sign and % are blinking
Battery Full
• Battery sign and % are xed
• % of total capacity is at 100%
Battery Discharging
• Battery capacity level relative to full charge
• % of the remaining capacity
• Battery sign and % are xed
Battery Empty Discharging
• % of total capacity reads 0%
• Battery sign and % are xed
New Battery Charging
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are blinking
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
NOTE: Line cord may or may not
be plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
NOTE: Line cord is plugged in
New Battery Discharging
• Fixed battery capacity level
• Question mark showing unknown capacity level
• Battery sign and % are xed
NOTE: Line cord is not plugged in
WARNING: The battery may fully discharge when recording for long periods
of time while not connected to a power supply. The PowerPad® will con­tinue to record for some time, even if below the minimum battery charge value. However, the display may not come back on, and will eventually stop saving data when the battery is too low. All data recorded will be saved.
If in the Record Mode, and the display does not come ON, supply power to the PowerPad® with the line cord and the display will come back ON when any button (other than ON/OFF) is pressed.
NOTE: When the 3945-B is stopped using the button, a conrmation is requested if the equipment is in the process of recording.
16
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
CHAPTER 3

SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Reference Conditions

Parameter Reference Conditions
Ambient temperature 73°F ± 5°F (23°C ± 3°C)
Humidity 45%
Atmospheric pressure 25.4" Hg to 31.3" Hg (860 to 1060 hPa)
Phase voltage 230Vrms and 110Vrms ±2% without DC
Clamp current circuit input voltage 0.03V to 1Vrms without DC (<0.5%)
®
current circuit input voltage 11.8mV to 118mVrms without DC (< 0.5%)
AmpFlex
Frequency of electricity network 50 and 60Hz ± 0.1Hz
V/I phase shift 0° active power / 90° reactive power
Harmonics <0.1%
The uncertainties given for power and energy measurements are maximum for Cos ϕ = 1 or Sin ϕ = 1 and are typical for the other phase shifts.
NOTE: The symbol “U” will be used throughout this manual and in the
instrument to refer to phase-to-phase voltage measurement. The symbol “V” will be used for phase-to-neutral voltage measurement.
*All specications are subject to change without notice.
3.2 Electrical Specifications
SamplingFrequency(256samplespercycle):
12.8kHz samples/sec per channel @ 50Hz
15.36kHz samples/sec per channel @ 60Hz
MemorySize:4MB
MemoryPartition:Data Logging - 2MB; Waveform capture - XXMB;
Transient capture -XXB; Alarms - XXB

3.2.1 Voltage Inputs

OperatingRange: Phase-Phase - 960Vrms AC/DC
Phase-Neutral - 480Vrms AC/DC
InputImpedance:340kΩ between phase and neutral
Overload:1.2Vn permanently; 2Vn for 1 sec (Vn = nominal voltage)
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
17

3.2.2 Current Inputs

OperatingRange:0 to 1V
InputImpedance:
100kΩ for current probe circuit and 12.4kΩ for AmpFlex® circuit
Overload:1.7V
3.2.3 Accuracy Specifications (excluding current probes)
Function Range Display Resolution Accuracy
Frequency 40 to 69Hz 0.01Hz ±0.01Hz
Single phase RMS voltages
(Vrms, Vdem)
Phase-to-phase RMS voltages
(Urms, Udem)
DC voltage component 15V to 680V 0.1V ±1% ± 5cts
Single phase peak voltages
(Vpp, Vpm)
Phase-to-phase peak voltages
(Upp, Upm)
Current probe (Arms, Adem) Inom/1000 to 1.2 Inom
AmpFlex
®
& MiniFlex
®
* (Arms, Adem)
DC current (MR193) 1A to 1400A
Peak Current (App, Apm) 0 to 1.7 x Inom
Peak Current (AmpFlex
®
& MiniFlex
®
Crest Factor (Vcf, Ucf, Acf) 1.00 to 9.99 0.01 ±1% ± 2cts
Real Power (W)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex Clamp-on
®
AmpFlex
& MiniFlex
Reactive Power (VAR)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex Clamp-on
®
AmpFlex
& MiniFlex
®
®
*
®
®
*
Apparent Power (VA) 0VA to 9999kVA 4 digits ±1% ± 1ct
Power Factor (PF, DPF) -1.000 to 1.000
Tangent (Tan) for VA ≥ 50VA
Active Energy (Wh)
Clamp-on and AmpFlex Clamp-on
®
AmpFlex
& MiniFlex
®
®
*
Reactive Energy (VARh)
Clamp-on
Reactive Energy (VARh)
AmpFlex
®
& MiniFlex
®
*
15V to 480V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
15V to 960V 0.1V ±0.5% ± 2cts
15V to 680V 0.1V ±1% ± 5cts
15V to 1360V
0.1 V if I < 1000 V
1 V if I ≥ 1000 V
0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥ 1000 A
10A to 6500A
0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥ 1000 A
0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥ 1000 A
0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥ 1000 A
*)
10 to 9190A
0W to 9999kW
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
0.1 A if I < 1000 A
1 A if I ≥ 1000 A
4 digits
(10000cts) Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8 Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
0W to 9999kW
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
4 digits
(10000cts) Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8 Cos ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
0.001
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.5
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
-32.76 to 32.76
0Wh to 9999MWh
Cos ϕ ≥ 0.8
0.001 Tan ϕ < 10
0.01 Tan ϕ < 10
4 digits
(10000cts)
Cos ϕ 0.2 to < 0.8 Cos
ϕ 0.5 to < 0.8
0VARh to 9999MVARh
4 digits
Sin Φ ≥ 0.5
Sin Φ 0.2 to < 0.5
0VARh to 9999MVARh
4 digits
Sin ϕ ≥ 0.5
Sin ϕ 0.2 to < 0.5
±1% ± 5cts
±0.5% ± 2cts
±0.5% ± 1A
±(1% + 1A)
±(1% + 1A)
±(1% + 1A)
±1% ± 1ct ±1.5% ± 10cts ±1.5% ± 10cts
±1% ± 1ct ±1.5% ± 10cts ±1.5% ± 10cts
±1.5% ± 1ct ±1.5% ± 1ct
±1° on ϕ ±1° on ϕ
±1% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct ±1.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct ±2.5% ± 1ct
±1.5% ± 1ct ±2.5% ± 1ct
18
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
Function Range Display Resolution Accuracy
Apparent Energy (Vah) 0VAh to 9999MVAh 4 digits ±1% ± 1ct
Unbalance (Vunb, Aunb)
three phase supply
Phase angle (V/I; I/I; V/V)
Harmonics ratios
F = 40 to 69Hz (Vrms > 50V) (rms > Inom/100)
Harmonics angles
F = 40 to 69Hz (Vrms > 50V) (rms > Imax/100)
Total harmonics distortion
(Vthd, Athd, Uthd)
Current K factor (Akf) 1 to 99.99 0.01 ±5% ± 1ct
Voltage icker (Vk) 0.00 to 9.99 0.01 not specied
*Note: MiniFlex® specied up to 1000A only
Vdem, Adem and Udem = Values measured on half cycle (allow to get a measurement with positive and
negative values)
Vpm, Upm and Apm = Peak values min.
0% to 100% 0.1% ±1% ± 1ct
-179° to +180°
0% to 999%
1 to 50th harmonic
-179° to +180°
1 to 25
26 to 50
0% to 999%
th
harmonic
50
1° ±2°
0.1% ±1% + 5cts
1°
0.1% ±1% + 5cts
±3°
±10°

3.2.4 Nominal Range of Use

Frequency: 40 to 69Hz Harmonics: THD (I) : 0 to 40%; THD (U) : 0 to 20% Magneticeld: <40.0A/m (Earth’s magnetic eld) Electricaleld: <3V/m RelativeHumidity: 10 to 90% without condensation

3.2.5 Power Supply

AC Power (internal power supply)
OperatingRange: 230VAC ± 20% and 110VAC ± 20% (88 to 276VAC) MaxPower: 30VA
Battery Power
(allows use in the event of an interruption)
Type:NiMH 3800 mAh Output: 4-wire (2 for temperature probe) RatedVoltage: 9.6V ChargeTime:6 hrs approx. BatteryLife: >8 hrs with display on
≥35 hrs with display off (recording mode)
OperatingTemperature: 32° to 122°F (0° to 50°C) RechargingTemperature:50° to 104°F (10° to 40°C) StorageTemperature:-4 to +122°F (-20 to +50°C) for ≤ 30 days
NOTE: The battery starts to charge when the power cord is connected. When
the battery is charged, the instrument uses the current supplied by the power supply, without drawing from the battery.
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
19
3.3 Mechanical Specifications
e
Dimensions:9.5 x 7.0 x 2.0" (240 x 180 x 55mm)
Weight:4.6 lb (2.1kg)
ShockandVibration:per EN 61010-1
Tightness:IP 50 per EN 60529 (electrical IP2X for the terminals)
3.4 Environmental Specifications
Altitude:Operating: 0 to 2000 meters (6560 ft)
Non-Operating: 0 to 10,000 meters (32800 ft)
Temperatureand%RH:
95
90
75
45
Relative humidity in % RH
10
0
-4 32
Temperature in °F
122957968
3.5 Safety Specifications
Electrical Safety
600V CAT IV (probe dependent)
Pollution Degree 2
EN 61010-31: 2002 EN 61010-1: 2001 EN 61010-2-032: 1995
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Immunity: EN 61326-1+A1: 1998; IEC 61000-4-30: 2003 Emission: EN 61326-1+A1: 1998
Reference Rang
Operating Range
Storage Range
20
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
3.6 AC Current Probe Model SR193
1000A
F
(3945-B accuracy included)
When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
NominalRange: 1000AAC for f ≤1kHz
MeasurementRange:3A to 1200AAC max (I >1000A not continuously)
Currents <0.5A will be displayed as zero with this probe.
ProbeOutputSignal: 1mVAC/AAC
MaximumClampingDiameter: 2" (52mm)
Safety:EN 61010-2-032, Pollution Degree 2, 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH Frequency 48 to 65Hz Distortion factor <1% no DC current
Magnetic eld of external origin <40 A/m (earth’s magnetic eld)
Accuracy*
Primary current (AAC) 3 to 10A 10 to 100A 100 to 1200A Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤0.8% ± 1ct ≤0.3% ± 1ct ≤0.2% ± 1ct Phase shift (°) ≤1° ≤ 0.5° ≤0.3°
* Logarithmic interpolation between each specied value
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature 14° to 122°F (-10° to 50°C)
Relative humidity 10 to 90% <0.1%
Frequency
Position of the cable in the jaws – < 0.1% @ ≤ 400Hz
Adjacent conductor carrying a
60Hz AC current
Crest factor distortion ≤ 6 and current ≤3000A peak <1%
DC current distortion
Overload:Frequency derating beyond 1kHz:
30 to 48Hz
65 to 1000Hz
1 to 5kHz
Conductor in contact
with the sensor
DC on the
≤15A
nominal AC current
x 1
≤200 ppm/°C or 0.2%
(in kHz)
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
per 10°C
<0.5%
<1%
<2%
≤0.5mA/A
<1%
21

3.7 AC Current Probe MN93 Probe (3945-B accuracy included)

1000A
When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
NominalRange: 200AAC for f ≤ 1kHz
MeasurementRange:2A to 240AAC max (I > 200A not permanent)
Currents <0.5A will be displayed as zero with this probe.
ProbeOutputSignal: 5mVAC/AAC
MaximumClampingDiameter: 0.8" (20mm)
Safety:EN 61010-2-032, Pollution Degree 2, 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III,
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH Frequency 48 to 65Hz Distortion factor <1% no DC current
Magnetic eld of external origin <40 A/m (earth’s magnetic eld)
Accuracy
Primary current (AAC) 2 to 10A 10 to 100A 100 to 240A Accuracy
(% of the output signal) Phase shift (°) ≤ 6° ≤3° ≤2°
≤3% ± 1ct ≤2.5% ± 1ct ≤1% ± 1ct
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature 14° to 122°F (-10° to 50°C)
Relative humidity 10 to 90% < 0.2%
Frequency response 40Hz to 10kHz
Position of the cable in the jaws – <0.5% to 50/60Hz Adjacent conductor carrying a
60Hz AC current
DC current distortion
Crest factor distortion ≤3 and peak current = 200A ≤3%
Overload:Frequency derating beyond 1kHz:
22
Conductor in contact with
the sensor
<20A
DC on the
nominal AC current
x 1
F (in kHz)
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
40Hz to 1kHz: <3%
≤150 ppm/K or
0.15% per 10K
1 to 10kHz: <12%
≤15mA/A
<5%
3.8 AC Current Probe MN193 Probe
(3945-B accuracy included)
When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
The 5A range of the MN193 is designed to work with secondary current transform-
ers. Best accuracy is available when entering the transformer ratio (e.g. 1000/5A).
When used to measure 5A direct, the resolution will be limited to 0.1A max.
NominalRange: 5A and 100AAC
MeasurementRange:
5A: 0.005A to 6AAC max (1A to 1200A with ratio 1000/5 selected) 100A: 0.1A to 120AAC max
Currents < (Primary x 5) ÷ (Secondary x 1000) or < 250mA on the 5A range and <0.2A on the 100A range will be displayed as zero with this probe. Power calculations will also be zeroed when the current is zeroed.
ProbeOutputSignal:5A: 200mV/AAC; 100A: 10mV/AAC
MaximumClampingDiameter: 0.8" (20mm)
Safety:NF EN 61010-2-032, Pollution Degree 2, 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 73°F (23°C) ± 5°F (3°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH Frequency 48 to 65Hz Distortion factor < 1% without superimposed DC current
Magnetic eld of external origin < 40 A/m (earth’s magnetic eld)
AccuracySpecications:
Range:10mV/A (1V @ 100Arms)
Primary current (in AAC) 0.1A to 1A 1A to 120A Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤1% ± 2cts ≤1% ± 1ct Phase shift (°) ≤ 1.5° ≤1°
Overload:120A continuous
Range:200mV/A (1V @ 5Arms) with ratio 1000/5 selected
Primary current (in AAC)
Probe output
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤1.5% ± 1ct ≤ 1.5% ± 1ct ≤1% ± 1ct Phase shift (°) ≤1.7° ≤1° ≤ 1°
1 to 10A
5 to 50mA
10 to 100A
0.05 to 0.5A
100 to 1200A
0.5 to 6A
Overload:12A continuous
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
23
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Ambient temperature 14° to 131°F (-10° to 55°C)
Relative humidity 10° to 35°C 85% < 0.2%
Frequency response 40Hz to 3kHz
Positions of the cable in the jaws – <0.5% to 50/60Hz
Adjacent conductor carrying a
60Hz AC current
Conductor in contact with
the sensor
≤200 ppm/K or
0.2% per 10K
40Hz to 1kHz: <0.7%
1 to 3kHz: <2%
≤15mA/A
3.9 AC Current Probe AmpFlex® Probe
(3945-B accuracy included)
When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
NominalRange: 3000AAC
MeasurementRange:10A to 6500AAC max
Currents below 9A will be displayed as zero with this probe.
ProbeOutputSignal: 140mVAC/3000AAC at 50Hz
NOTE:Output is proportional to the amplitude and frequency of the measured current.
Sensor: Length = 24" (610mm); Ø = 7.64" (190mm)
Length = 36" (910mm); Ø = 11.46" (290mm)
Safety:EN 61010-1 and 2, Pollution Degree 2, 600V CAT IV, 1000V CAT III
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 64 to 82°F (18 to 28°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH
Position of conductor in the sensor Centered
Continuous magnetic eld <40A/m (earth’s magnetic eld) External alternative magnetic eld None present External electric eld None present
Frequency 10 to 100Hz
Type of signal measured Sinusoidal
24
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
Accuracy
Primary current (AAC) 10 to 100A 100 to 6500A
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤3% ± 1ct ≤2% Phase shift (°) ≤0.5° ≤0.5°
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature -4 to 140°F (-20 to 60°C) 0.2% per 10°C
Relative humidity 10 to 90% RH 0.5%
Frequency response 10Hz to 20kHz 0.5% Position of conductor
in clamp Adjacent conductor
carrying an AC current
Any position
Conductor in contact with
the sensor
(4% near latching system)
(2% near latching system)
2%
1%
3.10 AC Current Probe MiniFlex® Sensor
(3945-B accuracy included)
When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
NominalRange: 1000AAC
MeasurementRange:10A to 1000AAC max
Currents below 10A will be displayed as zero with this probe.
ProbeOutputSignal: 47µVAC/1000AAC at 60Hz
NOTE:Output is proportional to the amplitude and frequency of the measured current.
Sensor: Length = 10" (250mm); Ø = 2.75" (70mm)
Safety:EN 61010-1 and 2, Pollution Degree 2, 600V CAT IV, 1000V CAT III
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 64 to 82°F (18 to 28°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH
Position of conductor in the sensor Centered
Continuous magnetic eld <40A/m (earth’s magnetic eld) External alternative magnetic eld None present External electric eld None present
Frequency 10 to 100Hz
Type of signal measured Sinusoidal
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
25
Accuracy
Primary current (AAC) 20 to 100A 100 to 1000A
Accuracy (% of the output signal) ≤3% ≤2% Phase shift (°) -90° ±0.5°
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature -4 to 140°F (-20 to 60°C) 0.2% per 10°C
Relative humidity 10 to 90% RH 0.5%
Frequency response 10Hz to 20kHz 0.5% Position of conductor
in clamp Adjacent conductor
carrying an AC current
Any position
Conductor in contact with
the sensor
(6% near latching system)
(6% near latching system)
< 2%
<0.7%

3.11 AC Current Probe MR193 Probe (3945-B accuracy included)

When installing probes, face the arrow on the probe in the direction of the load.
NominalRange: 1000AAC, 1400ADC max
MeasurementRange:10A to 1000AAC, 10A to 1300APEAK AC+DC
Currents <1AAC/DC will be displayed as zero with this probe.
ProbeOutputSignal: 1mV/A
MaximumCableDiameter:One 1.6" (42mm) or two 0.98" (25.4mm) or
two bus bars 1.96 x 0.19" (50 x 5mm)
Safety:EN 61010-2-032, Pollution Degree 2, 300V CAT IV, 600V CAT III
ReferenceConditions:
Ambient temperature 64 to 82°F (18 to 28°C) Humidity 20 to 75% of RH Battery voltage 9V ±0.1V Position of conductor in the sensor Centered
Magnetic eld DC magnetic eld AC External magnetic eld None External electric eld None
Frequency ≤65Hz Type of signal measured Sinusoidal
26
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
Accuracy
Primary current 10 to 100A 100 to 800A
Accuracy ≤ 1.5% + 1ct ≤3% + 1ct ≤5% + 1ct
Primary current 10 to 100Α 100 to 1000A – Phase angle ≤2.0° ≤1 5° –
800 to 1000AAC
800 to 1300APEAK
Factors affecting accuracy (% of the output signal)
Conditions Range Error
Temperature
Relative humidity 10 to 90% RH 0.5% of Reading Battery voltage 6.5 to 10V ≤ 1 A/V
Position of a
20mm Ø 20 conductor
Live adjacent conductor 50 and 60Hz <10mA/AAC (1" from clamp) External eld 400 A/m <1.3A Rejection in common mode (AC) 50 to 400Hz >65dB Residual DC +1300ADC at -1300ADC <4mA/A
Frequency of the measurement signal
64 to 82°F
(18 to 28°C)
DC at 440Hz
DC at 1Hz DC at 2Hz DC at 5Hz
65Hz to 440Hz 440Hz to 1kHz 1kHz to 10kHz
Ζerο: ≤2 A/°C
Scale: ≤300ppm/°C or
0.3%/10°C
<0.5% of Reading
<1% of Reading <3% of Reading
<10% of Reading
-2%
-5%
-4dB
PowerSource: 9V alkaline (NCDA 1604A, 6LR61)
BatteryLife:Approx 120 hrs with alkaline
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
27

3.12 Three-phase 5A Adapter Box

This adapter is a three-phase adapter with three 5AAC inputs L1, L2, L3 and three
AC voltage outputs. All circuits are independent and isolated between input and
output. The outputs are equipped with connectors to mate with the PowerPad Model 3945-B current channel inputs.
It facilitates automatic sensor recognition and probe ratio programming for both 1A and 5A output probes. Additionally, the adapter box can be used directly in series in a 5 Amp circuit.
®
The input connections accept either Ø 4mm male plugs or rigid leads between
1mm and 2.5mm2 inserted in the side hole after pressing the spring loaded con­nector down to expose the hole.
WARNING: This adapter is rated EN 61010, 300V, CAT III and permits the use of standard current probes with either a 1A or 5A output.
28
Power Quality Analyzer Model 3945-B
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