This manual covers the AC Tech QC1000, QC2000, and QC3000 Variable Frequency Drives.
1.2PRODUCT CHANGES
AC Technology Corporation reserves the right to discontinue or make modifications to the design of its
products and manuals without prior notice, and holds no obligation to make modifications to products sold
previously. AC Technology Corporation also holds no liability for losses of any kind which may result
from this action. Instruction manuals with the most up-to-date information are available for download
from the AC Tech website (www.actechdrives.com).
1.3WARRANTY
AC Technology Corporation warrants the QC Series AC motor control to be free of defects in material and
workmanship for a period of eighteen months from the date of sale to the user, or two years from the date
of shipment, which ever occurs first. Any control component, which under normal use, becomes defective,
within the stated warranty time period, shall be returned to AC Technology Corporation, freight prepaid,
for examination. AC Technology Corporation reserves the right to make the final determination as to the
validity of a warranty claim, and sole obligation is to repair or replace only components which have been
rendered defective due to faulty material or workmanship. No warranty claim will be accepted for
components which have been damaged due to mishandling, improper installation, unauthorized repair
and/or alteration of the product, operation in excess of design specifications or other misuse, or
improper maintenance. AC Technology Corporation makes no warranty that its products are compatible
with any other equipment, or to any specific application, to which they may be applied and shall not be
held liable for any other consequential damage or injury arising from the use of its products.
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. No other person, firm or
corporation is authorized to assume, for AC Technology Corporation, any other liability in
connection with the demonstration or sale of its products.
1.4RECEIVING
Inspect all cartons for damage which may have occurred during shipping. Carefully unpack equipment and
inspect thoroughly for damage or shortage. Report any damage to carrier and/or shortages to supplier. All
major components and connections should be examined for damage and tightness, with special attention
given to PC boards, plugs, knobs and switches.
1.5CUSTOMER MODIFICATION
AC Technology Corporation, its sales representatives and distributors, welcome the opportunity to assist
our customers in applying our products. Many customizing options are available to aid in this function.
AC Technology Corporation cannot assume responsibility for any modifications not authorized by its
engineering department.
Ambient Operating TemperatureChassis:-10 to 50° C (40° C for QC3000)
(with 8 kHz or lower carrier,Type 1 Enclosed-10 to 50° C (40° C for QC3000)
derate for higher carriers)Type 4 / 12 Enclosed-10 to 40° C
Ambient HumidityLess than 95% (non-condensing)
Altitude 3300 feet (1000 meters) above sea level without derating
Input Line Voltages200/240 Vac, 400/480 Vac, and 480/590 Vac
The model number of a QC Series drive gives a full description of the basic drive unit (see example
below).
EXAMPLE:
Q14005HB
(QC1000, 480 Vac, 5 HP, Type 1 Enclosure with extended enclosure)
Q14005HB- XXX
Series:
Q1 = QC1000 Series - Constant Torque - NEMA 1 and Chassis
Q2 = QC2000 Series - Constant Torque - NEMA 4 / 12 & 4X
Q3 = QC3000 Series - Variable Torque - NEMA 1 and Chassis
Input Voltage:
2 = 240/200Vac (For 208 and 240 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
4 = 480/400Vac (For 380, 415, 440, 460 and 480 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
5 = 590/480Vac (For 440, 460, 480, 575 and 600 Vac; 50 or 60 Hz)
Horsepower:
001 = 1 Hp
002 = 2 Hp
003 = 3 Hp
005 = 5 Hp
008 = 7½ Hp
010 = 10 Hp
Extended Enclosures:
H = Extended enclosure.
No character indicates standard height enclosure.
Required for line reactor option. Line reactors are standard on 240 Vac models from 25 to
60 Hp, 480 Vac models from 25 to 250 Hp, and 590 Vac from 5 to 200 Hp.
Enclosure Type:
A = Chassis - Open Frame
B = NEMA 1 - General Purpose, vented: Indoor
C = NEMA 4 - Washdown: Indoor / Outdoor (NEMA 4 rating exceeds NEMA 12 rating)
D = NEMA 12 - Dust-tight and Drip-tight: Indoor
E = NEMA 4X - Washdown, Stainless steel: Indoor / Outdoor
Special Designation:
Non-standard special models have a three digit suffix.
015 = 15 Hp
020 = 20 Hp
025 = 25 Hp
030 = 30 Hp
040 = 40 Hp
050 = 50 Hp
060 = 60 Hp
075 = 75Hp
100 = 100Hp
125 = 125Hp
150 = 150 Hp
200 = 200 Hp
NOTE 1:See Secti on 3.0 for m ode l num ber br eakdow n ( * = 1, 2, or 3 , dependi ng on m odel).
NOTE 2:For 400 Vac inp ut v ol tage on Q14 00 A N D Q240 0
Q14 00 AND Q2400 MODELS ONLY, m ul tip l y t he input and output c ur r ent ra tings
Q1400 AND Q2400 Q1400 AND Q2400
by 1.2 a nd the output voltage b y 0.83.
For Q3400
Q34 00 m od els, mul ti pl y the input and ou tput pow er , and output v ol tage, by 0.83.
Q3400 Q3400
Q3400 models may hav e to be oversized to meet the curre nt requi r em e nts of 400 Vac appli cation s .
NOTE 3 :See Sec ti on 8.0 for recommended fuse type.
NOTE 1:See Secti on 3.0 for m ode l num ber br eakdow n ( * = 1, 2, or 3 , dependi ng on m odel).
NOTE 2:For 480 Vac inp ut v ol tage on Q15 00 A N D Q250 0
Q15 00 AND Q2500 MODELS ONLY, m ul tiply the in put and outputc ur r ent ra tings
Q1500 AND Q2500Q1500 AND Q2500
by 1.23 and the output v ol tage by 0.81.
For Q3500
Q35 00 m od els, mul ti pl y the input and ou tput pow er , and t h e output v olt age, by 0.81.
Q3500 Q3500
Q3500 models may hav e to be oversized to meet the curre nt requi r em e nts of 480 Vac appli cation s .
NOTE 3 :See Sec ti on 8.0 for recommended fuse type.
Three phase AC motors are comprised of two major components, the stator and th e rotor. The stator is a
set of three electrical windings held stationar y in the motor housing. The rotor is a metal cylinder, fixed
to the motor drive shaft, which rotates within the stator. The ar rangemen t of the stator coils and the
presence of three phase AC voltage give rise to a rotating magnetic field which drives the rotor. The
speed at which the magnetic field rotates is known as the synchronous speed of the motor. Syn chronous
speed is a function of th e fr equency at which the voltage is alternating and the number of poles in the
stator windings.
The following equation gives the relation between synchronous speed, frequency, and the number of
poles:
Ss = 120 f/p
Wher e: Ss = Syn chr onous speed (rpm ), f = frequency (Hz), p = nu mber of poles
In three phase induction motors the actual shaft speed differs from the synchronous speed as load is
applied. This difference is known as "slip". Slip is commonly expressed as a percentage of synchronous
speed. A typical value is three percent at full load.
The strength of the magnetic field in the gap between the r otor and stator is proportional to the amplitude
of the voltage at a given frequency. The output torque capability of the motor is, therefore, a function of
the applied voltage amplitude at a given frequency. When operated below base (rated) speed, AC motors
run in the range of "constant torque". Constant torque output is obtain ed by maintaining a constant ratio
between voltage amplitude (volts) and frequency (Hz). For 60 Hz, 230, 460, and 575 volt motors,
common values for this V/Hz ratio are 3.83, 7.66, and 9.58 respectively. Operating with these V/Hz
ratios gen erally yield optimum torque capability. Operating at lower ratios decreases tor que an d power
capability. Operating at higher ratios will cause the motor to overheat. Most standard motors are capable
of providing full torque output from 3 to 60 Hz. However , at lower speeds, where motor coolin g fan s
becom e less effective, supplemental cooling may be n eeded to operate at full torque output continuously.
If the fr equency applied to the motor is increased while the voltage remains constant, torque capability
will decrease as speed increases. This will cause the horsepower capability of the motor to remain
app roxi mate ly const ant . Motor s ru n in thi s mode wh en op erat ed above ba se speed , wher e dr ive out put
voltage is limited by the in put line voltage. This operating range is known as the "constant horsepower"
range. The typical maximum range for constant horsepower is about 2.3 to 1 (60 to 140 Hz). The
diagram below depicts the operating characteristics of a typical AC induction motor .
WARNING!
Con s ult mot or m an ufacturer befor e op e ra ting motor and/or dr iven e qui pment above r ate d spee d.
Variable frequency dri ves, an d the loads they a re applied to, can generally be divided into two groups:
constant torque and variable torque. Constant torque loads include: vibrating conveyors, punch presses,
rock crushers, machine tools, and just about every other application that is not considered variable torque.
Variable torque loads include centrifugal pumps and fans, which make up the majority of HVAC
applications.
The term constant torque is not entirely accurate in terms of the torque required for an application.
Many constant torque applications have reciprocating loads, such as vibrating conveyors and punch
presses, wh ere the rotation al motion of the motor is being converted to a lin ear motion. In such cases, the
torque required can vary greatly at different poin ts in the cycle. For constant torque loads, this flucuation
in torque is not a dir ect function of speed, as it is with a variable torque load.
TORQUE
100
Variable torque loads are governed by the affinity laws, which define the relationships between speed,
flow, torque and horsepower. The diagram below illustrates these relation ships:
100%
75%
50%
% FLOW
25%
0%
0%
25%5 0%75%100%
% TORQUE
% HORSEPOWER
SPEED (%)
16
Variable torque refers to th e fact that the torque requir ed varies with the square of the speed. Also, the
horsepower required varies with the cube of the speed, resulting in a large reduction in horsepower for
even a small reduction in speed. It is easily seen that substantial energy savings can be achieved by
reducing the speed of a fan or pump. For example, reducing the speed to 50% results in a 50 HP motor
having to produce only 12.5% of rated horsepower, or 6.25 HP.
There are two major differences between a constant torque drive and a variable torque drive. One is that a
constant torque drive generally has a higher overload capacity rating. Constant torque loads have higher
peak torque demands, which require the ability to handle higher currents. Variable torque loads rarely
experience full load, and therefore usually have a lower overload capacity. The other difference is that
constant torque drives follow a constant V/Hz ratio to achieve maximum torque, while variable torque
drives follow a variable V/Hz ratio to optimize efficiency and energy savings.
6.2DRIVE FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
The QC Series is a 16 bit microprocessor based, keypad programmable, variable speed AC motor drive.
There are four major sections; an input diode bridge and DC bus filter, a power board, a control board, and
an output intelligent power module.
6.2.1DRIVE OPERATION
Incoming AC line voltage is converted to a pulsating DC voltage by the input diode bridge. The DC
voltage is supplied to the bus filter capacitors through a charge circuit which limits inrush current to the
capacitors during power-u p. The pulsating DC voltage is filter ed by the bus capacitors which re duces the
ripple level. The filtered DC voltage enters the inverter section of the drive, composed of six output
intelligent insulated gate bi-polar transistors (IGBT’s) which make up the three output legs of the drive.
Each leg has one intelligent IGBT connected to the positive bus voltage and one connected to the negative
bus voltage. Alternately switching on each leg, the intelligent IGBT produces an alternating voltage on
each of the corresponding motor windings. By switching each output intelligent IGBT at a very high
frequency (known as the carrier frequency) for varying time intervals, the inverter is able to produce a
smooth, three phase, sinusoidal output current wave which optimizes motor performance.
6.2.2CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The control section consists of a control board with a 16 bit microprocessor, keypad and display. Drive
programming is accomplished via the keypad or the serial communications port. During operation the
drive can be controlled via the keypad, by control devices wired to the control terminal strip, or by the
serial communications port. The Power Board contains the control and protection circuits which govern
the six output IGBT’s. The Power Board also co ntains a charging circuit f or the bus filter capacitors, a
motor current feedback circuit, a voltage feedback circuit, and a fault signal circuit. The drive has several
built in protection circuits. These include phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground short circuit protection,
high and low line voltage protection, protection against excessive ambient temperature, and protection
against continuous excessive output current. Activation of any of these circuits will cause the drive to shut
down in a fault condition.
The QC Series drive allows for three speed reference input signals: speed potentiometer (10,000 Ohm), 420 mA, or 0-10 VDC. For control by a speed pot., th e wiper lead is connected to terminal TB-5A, and the
hig h an d low end l eads ar e connected to termi nals TB-6 an d TB-2, r espectivel y. For 4-20 mA con trol,
wire the positive to terminal TB-5B and the negative to terminal TB-2. For 0-10 VDC control, wire the
positive to terminal TB-5D and the negative to terminal TB-2. See the control wir ing diagram in Section
15.0.
The input im pedance of termina l TB-5A (speed pot input) is 100 kilohms, TB-5B (4-20 m A input) is
100 ohms, and TB-5D (0-10 VDC input) is 200 kil ohm s. T erm i nal TB-2 is circuit common.
The control voltage of the microprocessor control board is 24 VDC, (Isolated, referenced to circuit
common - terminal TB-2).
6.2.4QC ANALOG OUTPUT SIGNALS
There are four terminals that can supply a nalog output signals proportional to output frequency or load.
Terminal TB-10B can provide a 0-10 VDC signal proportiona l to frequency or load. Termi nal TB-10C
provides a 12 VDC pulse train proportional to frequency with a 40-50% duty cycle. Term inal TB-10D
can provide a 4-20 mA signal pr oportional to frequency or load, and termin al TB-10E can provide a 0-10
VDC or 2-10 VDC sign al proportional t o frequency or l oad. The 2-10 VDC signal can be converted to a
4-20 mA signal usin g a resistor in ser ies with the signal such that t he total circuit resistan ce is 500 ohm.
See Parameters: 50 - TB10B/D FUNCTION, and 53 - TB10E FUNCTION in Section 18.0 DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS.
6.2.5QC ST AT US OUTPUT RELAYS
The control board has two FORM C relays at terminals TB-16, 17, 18, and TB-19, 20, 21. TB-16 and
TB-19 are normally open contacts, and TB-18 and TB-21 are normally closed contacts. TB-17 and TB-20
are common. Contacts are ra ted 2 amps at 28 VDC or 120 Vac.
Ther e i s a l so one op en -col lect or out put a t t er m inal T B-1 4. T h e open -col lect or cir cu it is a cur ren t- si n ki n g
type rated at 30 VDC and 40 mA maximum.
The FORM C relays and the open-collector output can be pr ogrammed to indicate any of the following:
NO FUNCTION, RUN, FAULT, FAULT LOCKOUT, AT SPEED, ABOVE SET SPEED, CURRENT
LIMIT, FOLLOWER PRESENT, MAINTENANCE TARGET, AUTO SPEED MODE, or START
PENDING. See Parameters: 121 - RELAY #1 FUNCTION, 122 - RELAY #2 FUNCTION, and 124 - TB14 FUNCTION, in Section 18.0 - DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS.
The following describes the functionality of the possible relay output settings:
NO FUNCTIONThis setting disables the relay output.
RUNThe relay energizes when the drive is given a START command, and remains
energized until: a STOP command is given and the output frequency has
deceler ated to 0. 5 Hz, th e dri ve has "t ri pped", or th e in put volt age is removed.
Note that this relay indicates only that the drive is in the RUN mode. It does
not necessarily indicate that the motor is turnin g.
18
FAULT The relay energizes when input voltage is applied to the drive and remains
energized until the drive “trips” into a fault condition, or input voltage is
removed.
FAULT LOCKOUT This relay can be used when the drive is programmed to automatically restart
after a fault. The relay energizes when input voltage is applied to the drive and
remains energized until the drive has faulted and unsuccessfully attempted the
number of restarts programmed in Parameter 72 - RESTART LIMIT, or input
voltage is removed.
AT SPEED The relay energizes when the drive reaches the commanded frequency. To avoid
a “chattering” relay (constantly energizing and de-energizing) due to small
fluctuations in speed, the relay will change states only when the speed has
changed by +
ABOVE SET SPD ABOVE SET SPEED - The relay energizes when the output frequency of the
drive exceeds the value in Parameter 123 – REL. SET SPD, and de-energizes
when the output frequency is equal to or less than REL. SET SPD.
CURRENT LIMIT The relay energizes when the drive is operating in current limit. Once the current
limit relay is energized, it remains energized for a minimum of 500ms, regardless
of whether the drive is still in current limit. At the end of the 500ms interval, the
relay will de-energize if the drive is no longer in current limit. See Parameter 1 CURRENT in Section 18.0 - DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETERS.
FOLLOWER PRES FOLLOWER PRESENT - The relay energizes when the 4-20 mA speed
reference input signal (TB-5B) is greater than 2 mA, and de-energizes when the
signal falls below 2 mA.
MAINT. TARGET MAINTENANCE TARGET - The relay energizes after the time period
programmed in Parameter 132 - MAINTENANCE TARGET has elapsed. The
relay will de-energize when a new time is programmed into Parameter 132.
AUTO SPEED MODE The relay energizes when the drive is in the AUTOMATIC MODE, and de-
energizes in the MANUAL MODE. This function is active only if Parameter 67
- AUTO/MANUAL SELECT is set to AUTO/MANUAL SPEED or
AUTO/MANUAL LOCAL. The relay will remain energized if Parameter 67 is
set to AUTO SPEED. This function will not be active if Parameter 67 is set to
MANUAL SPEED.
START PENDING The relay will energize if the drive has faulted, and is programmed for automatic
restart after a fault. START PENDING will appear on the keypad display when
the drive is in this condition. The relay will de-energize after the delay
programmed into Parameter 73 - RESTART DELAY, at which time the drive
will attempt to restart.
DRIVES MUST NOT BE INSTALLED WHERE SUBJECTED TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS! DRIVES MUST NOT BE INSTALLED WHERE SUBJECTED TO: COMBUSTIBLE,
OILY, OR HAZARDOUS VAPORS OR DUST; EXCESSIVE MOISTURE OR DIRT; STRONG
VIBRATION; EXCESSIVE AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. CONSULT AC TECHNOLOGY FOR
MORE INFORMATION ON THE SUITABILITY OF A DRIVE TO A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT.
The drive should be mounted on a smooth vertical surface capable of safely supporting the unit without
vibrating. The LCD display has an optimum field of view, this should be considered when determining the
mounting position.
Chassis models must be installed in an electrical enclosure which will provide complete mechanical
protection and maintain uniform internal temperature within the drive’s ambient operating temperature
rating. All drive models MUST be mounted in a vertical position for proper heatsink cooling.
Maintain a minimum spacing around the drive of 4 inches for units rated 20 HP and below, 6 inches for
units rated 25-50 HP, and 8 inches for units rated 60 HP and above.
Fans or blowers should be used to insure proper cooling in tight quarters. Do not mount drives above other
drives or heat producing equipment that would impede the cooling of the drive. Note the ambient
operating temperature ratings for each drive model.
WARNING!
If it is necessary to drill or cu t the drive en closure or p anel, extreme care must be take n to avoid da maging
drive components or contaminating the drive with metal fragments (which cause shorting of electrical
circuits). Cover drive components with a clean cloth to keep out metal chips and other debris. Use a
vacuum cleaner to clean drive components after drilling, even if chips do not appear to be present. Do not
attempt to use positive air pressure to blow chips out of drive, as this tends to lodge debris under electronic
components. Contaminating the drive with metal chips can cause drive failure and will void the warranty.
7.1INSTALLATION AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF STORAGE
WARNING!
Severe damage to the drive can result if it is operated after a long period of storage or inactivity without
reforming the DC bus capacitors!
If input power has not been applied to the drive for a period of time exceeding one year (due to storage,
etc), the electrolytic DC bus capacitors within the drive can change internally, resulting in excessive
leakage current. This can result in premature failure of the capacitors if the drive is operated after such a
long period of inactivity or storage.
In order to reform the capacitors and prepare the drive for operation after a long period of inactivity, apply
input power to the drive for 2 hours prior to actually operating the drive/motor system.
Explosion proof motors that are not rated for inverter use lose their certification when used for variable
speed. Due to the many areas of liability that may be encountered when dealing with these applications,
the following statement of policy applies:
"AC Technology Corporation inverter products are sold with no warranty of fitness for a particular
purpose or warranty of suitability for use with explosion proof motors. AC Technology Corporation
accepts no responsibility for any direct, or incidenta l or consequential loss, co st, or dama ge tha t may
arise through the use of its AC inverter products in these applications. The purchaser expressly
agrees to assume all risk of any loss, cost, or damage that may arise from such application. AC
Technology Corporation or AC Technology Corporation’s engineering department will not
knowingly approve applicati ons involving explosion proof mot ors."
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