Acronis Disk Director Home - 11.0 Operation Manual

Acronis® Disk Director® 11 H ome

User's Guide

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Table of conte nts

1 Introducing Acronis® Disk Director® 11 Home .........................................................................6

2 Installation and upgrade ........................................................................................................8

2.1 Hardware requirements ............................................................................................................ 8

2.2 Supported operating systems .................................................................................................... 8

2.3 Supported file systems .............................................................................................................. 9

2.4 Supported media ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Installing Acronis Disk Director .................................................................................................. 9

2.6 Installing Acronis OS Selector .................................................................................................... 9

2.7 Updating Acronis Disk Director ................................................................................................10

2.8 Removing Acronis Disk Director ..............................................................................................10

2.9 Upgrading Acronis Disk Director ..............................................................................................10

2.10 Demo version information .......................................................................................................11

2.11 Technical Support ....................................................................................................................11

3 Basic concept s ..................................................................................................................... 12

3.1 Basic and dynamic disks ...........................................................................................................12

3.2 Types of basic volumes ............................................................................................................13

3.3 Types of dynamic volumes ......................................................................................................13

3.4 Active, system, and boot volumes ...........................................................................................14

3.5 Dynamic volume types support ...............................................................................................15

3.6 Volume alignment in disks with a 4-KB sector size ..................................................................15

4 Getting started .................................................................................................................... 18

4.1 Precautions ..............................................................................................................................18

4.2 User privileges .........................................................................................................................18

4.3 Running Acronis Disk Director .................................................................................................18

4.4 Acronis Disk Director main window .........................................................................................19

4.5 Disk and volume information ..................................................................................................20

4.5.1 Disk statuses .................................................................................................................................................. 20

4.5.2 Volume statuses ............................................................................................................................................ 21

4.6 Disk layout ...............................................................................................................................22

4.7 Performing operations .............................................................................................................22

4.7.1 Pe ndi ng o pe ra ti ons ....................................................................................................................................... 23

4.7.2 Undoing pending operations ........................................................................................................................ 23

4.8 Log ............................................................................................................................................23

4.8.1 Actions on log entries.................................................................................................................................... 24

4.8.2 Filtering and sorting log entries .................................................................................................................... 25

4.9 Collecting system information .................................................................................................25

4.10 How to .....................................................................................................................................26

5 Volume operations .............................................................................................................. 28

5.1 Creating a volume ....................................................................................................................28

5.2 Resizing a volume ....................................................................................................................30

5.3 Copying a volume ....................................................................................................................31

5.4 Moving a volume .....................................................................................................................32

5.5 Merging basic volumes ............................................................................................................33

5.6 Formatting a volume ...............................................................................................................34

5.7 Deleting a volume ....................................................................................................................35

5.8 Splitting a basic volume ...........................................................................................................35

5.9 Changing a volume label ..........................................................................................................36

5.10 Changing a drive letter ............................................................................................................37

5.11 Converting a primary volume to logical ...................................................................................37

5.12 Converting a logical volume to primary ...................................................................................38

5.13 Changing a partition type ........................................................................................................38

5.14 Setting a volume active............................................................................................................39

5.15 Adding a mirror ........................................................................................................................39

5.16 Removing a mirror ...................................................................................................................40

5.17 Breaking a mirrored volume ....................................................................................................40

5.18 Browsing a volume's content...................................................................................................41

5.19 Checking a volume for errors...................................................................................................41

5.20 Defragmenting a volume .........................................................................................................42

5.21 Changing a cluster size .............................................................................................................42

5.22 Changing a file system .............................................................................................................43

5.23 Hiding a volume .......................................................................................................................43

5.24 Unhiding a volume ...................................................................................................................44

5.25 Specifying i-node density .........................................................................................................44

6 Disk operations .................................................................................................................... 46

6.1 Disk initialization ......................................................................................................................46

6.2 Basic disk cloning .....................................................................................................................47

6.3 Disk conversi on : MB R to GPT ..................................................................................................48

6.4 Disk conversion: GPT to MBR ..................................................................................................49

6.5 Disk conversion: basic to dynamic ...........................................................................................50

6.6 Disk conversion: dynamic to basic ...........................................................................................50

6.7 Changing a disk status: online to offline ..................................................................................51

6.8 Changing a disk status: offline to online ..................................................................................52

6.9 Importing foreign disks ............................................................................................................52

6.10 Removing a missing disk ..........................................................................................................53

6.11 Cleaning up a disk ....................................................................................................................53

7 Tools ................................................................................................................................... 55

7.1 Acronis Bootable Media Builder ..............................................................................................55

7.1.1 How to create bootable media .................................................................................................................... 56

7.1.2 Working under bootable media ................................................................................................................... 60

7.2 Acronis Recovery Expert ..........................................................................................................61

8 Acronis OS Selector .............................................................................................................. 64

8.1.1 Starting the work ........................................................................................................................................... 64

8.1.2 Setting the boot menu .................................................................................................................................. 65

8.1.3 Operations ..................................................................................................................................................... 65

8.1.4 Editing operating systems............................................................................................................................. 69

8.1.5 Detecting operating systems ........................................................................................................................ 70

8.1.6 Sett ing Acronis OS Selector option s ............................................................................................................. 71

8.1.7 Installing and using several operating systems on a single machine ........................................................ 72

8.2 Acronis Disk Editor ...................................................................................................................77

8.2.1 Starting work with Acronis Disk Editor ........................................................................................................ 77

8.2.2 Main window, menu and c ontrols ............................................................................................................... 78

8.2.3 Editing disks ................................................................................................................................................... 78

8.2.4 View ................................................................................................................................................................ 79

8.2.5 Search ............................................................................................................................................................. 80

8.2.6 Usage examp les ............................................................................................................................................. 80

9 Glossary .............................................................................................................................. 85

1 Introducing Acronis® Disk Director® 11 Home

Acronis® Disk Director® 11 is a powerful and easy-to-use tool for managing disks and volumes. With a comprehensive set of operations, you can organize your hard disk and volume configuration for optimal performance, while keeping your data safe.

Key features

Acronis Disk Director offers many features including:

§ Create both basic and dynamic volumes

The handy Create Volume wizard has be en improved to support dynamic volumes creation. Now, in addition to basic volumes, you can easily create dynamic volumes in Acronis Disk Director to:

§ Increase the volume size beyond th e capacity of a single disk, by using a spa nn ed volume

§ Reduce access time to files, by using a striped volume

§ Achieve fault tolerance, by using a mirrored volume *

§ Add, remove, or break mirrored volumes *

Make your basic or simple volume fault-tolerant in just one action by adding a mirror. If you need extra unallocated space on a disk containing one of the mirrors—remove a mirror. Break a mirrored volume to get two independent simple volumes with initially identical content.

§ Copy or move a volume of one type as a volume of another type

Change the type of a volume when copying or moving it. For example, you can copy the conten ts of a mirrored volume to a spanned volume.

§ Convert primary volumes to logical and vice versa

Convert a primary volume to logical to create a fifth volume on a disk that currently has four primary volumes.

§ Convert basic disks to dynamic and vic e versa

Convert the existing basic disks to dynamic to achieve additional disk reliability for data storage.

§ Convert GPT disks to MBR and vice versa

Change the partitioning s cheme of your disk the way you need it.

§ Import foreign disks

Make dynamic disks added from another machine accessible for the system.

§ Changing a disk status: online to off line and vice versa *

Change a disk status to offline in order to protect it from unintentional use.

§ Disk cloning

The Disk Cloning wizard lets you replace the old basic MBR disk with a new one without reinstalling operating systems and applications. It transfers all the source disk data to a target disk. The source disk volumes can be cloned to the target disk "as is", or resized automatically with respect to the target disk size.

§ Disk and volume management operations

Experience the vast array of disk and volume management operations:

§ Resize, move, copy, split and merge volumes without data loss or destruction

§ Format and label volumes, assign volume letters, and set volumes active

§ Initialize newly added har d disk s

§ Delete volumes

§ New! Change file systems

§ New! Clean up disks

§ New! Hide/unhide volumes

§ New! Specify i-node density

§ New! Change a cluster size

§ Explore volume data, even on Linux volumes befor e pe rforming operations

§ Preview changes made in disk and volume layout before applying them

§ Browse through the detailed information about all hard disks, volumes and file systems

§ Acronis Recovery Exp ert

Helps you to recover accidentally lost or deleted volumes on basic MBR disks.

§ Acronis Bootable Media Builder

Now, you can create bootable media based both on WinPE and Linux to use Acroni s Disk Director on bare metal or outside of an operating system.

§ Acronis OS Selector

Easy-to-use boot manager that allows several operating systems on a single machine and lets you create different configurations for any installed operating system, including Windows 7.

§ New! Acronis Disk Editor

A professional tool that performs a variety of actions on a hard disk.

§ Log

Examine information about disk and volume operations, including reasons for failure, if any.

* For the operating systems that support such functionality.

2 Installation and upgrade

This section answers quest io ns that might arise before the product installation and guides you through the installation and upgrade of Acronis Disk Director.

In this section

Hardware requirements ............................................................................. 8

Supported operating systems .................................................................... 8

Supported file systems ............................................................................... 9

Supported media........................................................................................ 9

Installing Acronis Disk Director .................................................................. 9

Installing Acronis OS Selector .................................................................... 9

Updating Acronis Disk Director ................................................................ 10

Removing Acronis Disk Director ............................................................... 10

Upgrading Acronis Disk Director .............................................................. 10

Demo version information ....................................................................... 11

Technical Support .................................................................................... 11

2.1 Hardware requirements

The table below lists the minimum and recommended hardware requirements to install and run Acronis Disk Director.

Item Minimum

requirements

Boot firmware BIOS-based* Computer processor Modern processor,

800 MHz or faster

System memory 256 MB 512 MB or more Screen resolution 800*600 pixels 1024*768 pixels or

Installation disk space 150 MB Other hardware A mouse A CD/DVD recording

* Machines that are based on Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are not supported.

Recommended

1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

higher

drive, or a flash drive for bootable media creation

2.2 Supported operating systems

The following operating systems are supported by Acronis Disk Director:

§ Windows XP - all editions

§ Windows Vista - all editions

§ Windows 7 - all editions

2.3 Supported file systems

Acronis Disk Director supports the following file systems for performing operations:

§ FAT16

§ FAT32

§ NTFS

§ Ext2

§ Ext3

§ Reiser3

§ Linux SWAP

The operations resulting in a change of volume size—that is: Create (p. 28), Resize (p. 30), Copy (p.

31), Move (p. 32), Merge (p. 33), Split (p. 35)—are not available for the XFS, Reiser4, HPFS and JFS file systems.

2.4 Supported media

§ Hard disk drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD)

§ Support for IDE, SCSI and SATA interfaces

§ CD-R/RW, DVD-R/RW, DVD+R (including double-layer DVD+R), DVD+RW, DV D-RAM, BD-R, BD-RE

for bootable media creation*

§ USB 1.1 / 2.0 / 3.0, FireWire (IEEE-1394) hard disk drives

§ PC card storage devices

* Burned rewritable discs cannot b e read in Linux without a kernel patch .

2.5 Installing Acronis Disk Director

To install Acronis Disk Director 11

1. If you have the previous version of Acronis Disk Director, remove it before proceeding with the installation of Acronis Disk Director 11.

2. Run the setup file of Acronis Disk Director 11.

3. Click Install Acronis Disk Director.

4. Accept the terms of the license agreement.

5. Type in your license key. Skip this step if you want to evaluate the dem o product version (p. 11).

6. Select whether you want to install the program for all users on this machine, or for the current user only.

7. Proceed with installation.

2.6 Installing Acronis OS Selector

To install Acronis OS Selector, you need to first install Acronis Disk Director (p. 9). Then select Start -> All Programs -> Acronis -> Disk Director -> Install Acronis OS Selector and follow the setup program

instructions. If you already have Acronis OS Selector installed on your machine, it will be replaced by the new version.

Acronis OS Selector can be installed on volumes of basic MBR disks only.

During the installation of Acronis OS Selector, the hidden system folder BOOTWIZ will be created on your machine to keep the program loader. Acronis OS Selector will also copy operating system files found on your machine into thi s folder to avoid problems during the boo ting process and to simplify adding a new operating system in th e future.

Acronis OS Selector can be installed in the Typical or Custom mode. During Typical installation, the BOOTWIZ folder will be created in the system hard disk volume that

contains the Windows files and folders. Using the Custom installation option, you will be able to select the location of the BOOTWIZ folder.

This might come in handy when a system volume is accidentally destroyed or dam a ged. In that case, you will be able to access the Acronis OS Selector boot menu even if the system volume is unavailable.

2.7 Updating Acronis Disk Director

To update Acronis Disk Director 11

1. Download the latest product update from the official Acronis web site.

2. Run the Acronis Disk Director setup file.

3. Click Upd at e/Remove Acronis Disk Dire cto r.

4. Select Update.

5. Proceed with the upd ate.

2.8 Removing Acronis Disk Director

To remove Acronis Disk Director

1. Depending on the operating system running, do either of the following:

§ for operating systems starting from Windows Vista – select Start -> Computer -> Uninstall or

change a program, then select Acronis Disk Dire c to r and click Uninstall.

§ for operating systems older than Windows Vista – select Control Panel -> Add or remove

programs, then select Acronis Disk Di re ctor and click Remove.

2. Follow the instructions on the screen. Acronis Disk Director will be completely removed along with Acronis OS Selector.

To remove Acronis OS Selector only, select Start -> All Programs -> Acronis -> Disk Director -> Install Acronis OS Selector. Then select Uninstall Acronis OS Selector in the installation program window and follow the program instructions.

2.9 Upgrading Acronis Disk Director

Before proceeding with the upgrade, make sure that you have the license key for Acronis Disk Director.

Upgrading from Acronis Disk Director 10

If you already have Disk Director 10 installed and want to upgrade it to Acronis Disk Director 11:

1. Remove Acronis Disk Director 10 from your machine.

2. Follow the on-screen instructions as described in Installing Acronis Disk Director (p. 9).

Upgrading from the demo version of Acronis Disk Director 11

If you already have the demo version (p. 11) of Acronis Disk Director 11 installed and want to upgrade it to a full version:

1. Run Acronis Disk Director.

2. Select Help > Enter license key from the top menu, and then type in your license key for Acronis Disk Director.

2.10 Demo version information

The demo version of Acronis Disk Director is fully functional, except for the following limitations:

§ All volume operations can be performed on volumes whose initial and resulting size is not larger

than 100 MB. Operations on volumes whose size is larger than 100 MB cannot be commit te d.

§ The following disk operations can be committed only if the total size of all volumes on the disk is

not larger than 100 MB:

§ MBR to GPT (p. 48) and vice versa (p. 49) disk conversion.

§ Basic to dynamic (p. 50) and vice versa (p. 50) disk conve rs ion.

§ Clone basic disk (p. 47).

2.11 Technical Support

Maintenance and Support Program

If you need assistance with your Acronis product, please go to http://www.acronis.com/support/

Product Updates

You can download the latest updates for all your registered Acronis software products from our website at any time after logging into your Account (https://www.acronis.com/my) and registering the product. See Registering Acronis Products at the Website (http://kb.acronis.com/content/4834) and Acronis Website User Guide (http://kb.acronis.com/content/8128).

3 Basic concepts

This section gives you a clear understanding of basic and dynamic d i sks and volume types. After reading this section, you will know the advantages and limitations of each possible volume

configuration. In addition, you will be able to decide what types of disks and volumes best suit your needs for organizing data storage.

In this section

Basic and dynamic disks ........................................................................... 12

Types of basic volumes ............................................................................ 13

Types of dynamic volumes ....................................................................... 13

Active, system, and boot volumes ........................................................... 14

Dynamic volume types support ............................................................... 15

Volume alignment in disks with a 4-KB sector size .................................. 15

3.1 Basic and dynamic disks

Each disk on your machine can be one of two types: basic or dynamic.

Basic disks

This is the type of disk that most computers originally have. Basic disks can normally be used by any operating system, including any version of Windows. A basic disk can store one or more volumes—called basic volumes. A basic volume cannot occupy

more than one disk. When to use basic disks:

§ On a machine that has only one hard disk drive

§ On a machine that runs an older Windows operating system, or an operating system other than

Windows

By using Acronis Disk Director, you can convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk (p. 50).

Dynamic disks

These disks provide a greater functionality as compared to basic disks. Dynamic disks can be used only by the Windows operating systems starti ng with Windows 2000. A dynamic disk can store one or more volumes—called dynamic volumes. Unlike a basic volume, a

dynamic volume can occupy more than one disk. When to use dynamic disks. Dynamic disks are most effective if your machine has more than one

hard disk drive. In this case, you can:

§ Create a large volume that occupies several disks.

§ Add fault-tolerance to your system and data, by mirroring a volume—such as the one with the

operating system—to another disk. If a disk with one of these mirrors fails, no data will be lost on such volume.

By using Acronis Disk Director, you can co n vert a dynamic disk to a basic disk (p. 50). You may need to do so, for example, to install an operating system other than Windows on that disk.

Converting a dynamic disk to basic may require deleting some volumes on it, such as volumes that occupy more than one disk.

3.2 Types of basic volumes

A basic disk can store two types of volumes: primary volumes and logical volumes. The main difference between a primary volume and a logical volume is that a primary volume can be

used as the system or active volume—that is, a volume from which the machine or its Windows operating systems start.

On each basic GPT (p. 91) disk, you can create up to 128 primary volumes. The maximum volume size on a GPT disk is 16 exabytes.

Unlike basic GPT disks, on each basic MBR (p. 92) disk, you can create either up to four primary volumes, or up to three primary volumes plus an unlimited number of logical volumes. The maximum volume size on an MBR disk is 2 terabytes.

If you are not planning to use more than four volumes on the disk, all volumes can be primary volumes. Otherwise, you can leave the active volume and the system volume as primary volumes, and then create as many logical volumes as required.

If the disk already has four primary volumes and you need to create a fifth volume, first convert one of the volumes—but not the system or active volume—to a logical volume, as described in Converting a primary volume to logical (p. 37), and then create a new logical volume.

3.3 Types of dynamic volumes

The following are the types of dynamic volumes that are supported by Acronis Disk Director— provided that they are supported by the operating system, as shown in Dynamic vo lume types support (p. 15).

Simple volume

A volume (p. 96) that consists of disk space from a single dynamic disk (p. 88). Physically, a simple volume can occupy more than one region of disk space, which can be logically

perceived as a single contiguous region. When you extend a simple volume to another disk, the volume becomes a spanned volume (p. 94).

When you add a mirror to a simple volume, the volume becomes a mirr ored volume (p. 93).

Spanned volume

A volume that consists of disk space from two or more dynamic disks (p. 88) , in portions that do not need to be equally-sized.

A spanned volume can reside on up to 32 disks. Unlike mirrored (p. 93) and RAID-5 volumes, spanned volumes are not fault-tolerant. Unlike striped

volumes (p. 95), spanned volumes do not provide faster data access.

Striped volume

A volume that resides on two or more dynamic disks and whose data is evenly distributed across equally-sized portions of disk space (called stripes) on those disks.

Access to data on striped volumes is usually faster than on other types of dynamic volumes, because it can be performed simultaneously on multiple hard disks.

Unlike a mirrored volume (p. 93), a striped volume does not contain redundant information, so it is not fault-tolerant.

A striped volume is also known as a RAID-0 volume.

Mirrored volume

A fault-tolerant volume whose data is duplicated on two physical disks (p. 93). Each of the two parts of a mirrored volume is called a mirror. All of the data on one disk is copied to another disk to provide data redunda ncy. If one of the hard

disks fails, the data can still be accessed from the remaining hard disks. Volumes that can be mirrored incl u de the system volume (p. 95) and a bo ot volume (p. 86). A mirrored volume is sometimes called a RAID-1 volume.

Note: No redundancy provided by the dynamic volumes architecture can replace the proper backup procedure. If you want to be sure of the safety of your data, the best policy is to combine both precautions.

3.4 Active, system, and boot volumes

Some volumes on the disks of your machine contain information that is necessary for the machine to start and for a particular operating system to run. Each such volume is called active, system, or boot, depending on its functio n .

If only one Windows operating sy stem is installed on your machine, a single volume is often the active, system, and boot volume at the same time.

Because of their special role, you should use extra caution when performing operations with these volumes. Some operations with these volumes have limitations as compared to ordinary volumes.

Active volume

This is the volume from which the machine starts after you switch it on. The active volume usually contains one of the following programs:

§ The operating system

§ A program that enables you to choose which operating system to run (if more than one is

installed), such as GRUB

§ A diagnostic or recovery tool that runs before the operating system, such as Acronis Startup

Recovery Manager

In Acronis Disk Director, the active volume is marked with a flag-like icon: If you choose to run a Windows operating system, the start process continues from the volume

known as the system volume.

+ + +

System volume

This is the volume from which any of the installed Windows operating systems starts—even if more than one is installed.

The system volume contains files that are necessary to start Windows, such as boot.ini and Ntldr. There is always one system volume, whereas each of the installed Windows operating systems

usually stores its files on its own volume, called a boot volume.

Boot volume

This is the volume on which the files of a particular Windows operating system are stored. A boot volume contains folders such as the Program Files folder and the Windows folder.

Note: The notions of system volume and boot volume apply only to Windows operating systems.

3.5 Dynamic volume types support

The table below lists the operating systems that support certain dynamic volume types.

Windows XP Home Windows XP Professional Windows XP Professional x64 Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Premium Windows Vista Busine ss Windows Vista Ultimate Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home P r emium Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Ultimate

Simple Spanned Striped Mirrored

- - - -

+ + + -

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

3.6 Volume alignment in disks with a 4-KB sector size

When a new volume is created, its beginning is aligned with the disk's physical sector boundaries. It ensures that each file system allocation unit (cluster) on the volume starts and ends on the

boundaries of the disk's physical sectors. If the volume clusters are aligned with sectors, this volume and all following volumes are also aligned. If clusters are not aligned with sectors, the volumes are misaligned. Misalignment decreases the overall system performance and hardware lifetime.

When misalignment occurs

Volume misalignment occurs when you create a volume on a modern HDD or SSD drive that has a 4KB sector size using a Windows operating systems earlier than Vista.

What is the cause of misalignment

All Windows operating systems earlier than Vista use a factor of 512 bytes to create volume clusters. The volume start is aligned to 512-byte sectors. Also, these operating systems use the Cylinder/Head/Sector (CHS) addressing scheme. Volumes created with this scheme are aligned by cylinders/tracks of the disk.

Usually, a track consists of 63 physical sectors. Since the first track is reserved for the master boot record (MBR) and other service purposes, the first volume starts from the beginning of the second track of the disk. Therefore, volumes aligned by 63 sectors are not aligned with 4-KB sectors: 63 sectors by 512 bytes do not match with the integer number of 4-KB sectors.

Thus, the first created volume and all of the following volumes on the hard disk drive will be misaligned.

Why misalignment is an import ant issue for hard disk drives

When a single bit of data is changed, the operating system entirely overwrites the cluster that contains the changed data. But if misalignment occurs, the cluster will overlap more physical sectors than it would have occupied if aligned. As a result, more physical sectors need to be erased and rewritten each time data changes.

The redundant read/write operations noticeably slow down t he disk speed and overall system performance.

The same is true for SSD drives that have a 4-KB or larger sector (memory page) size. For SSD drives misalignment decreases not only system performance, but also drive lifetime. SSD memory cells are designed for a certain amount of read/write operations. Therefore, redundant read/write operations lead to early degradation of the SSD drive.

How to avoid volume misalignment

The latest operating systems, starting from Windows Vista, already support the new sector size. Thus, volumes created with the se operating systems will be properly aligned.

Many hard disk drive manufacturers supply their modern drives with controllers that can shift addressing offset to one sector (63 sector becomes 64 sector), so volumes will appear aligned.

How to work with 4-KB sector size disks using Acronis Disk Director

Suppose that you added a new 4-KB sector size hard disk drive with to a machine that is running Windows XP only. There are no volumes on this drive yet. If you start creating volumes on this disk using Windows XP, you may experie n ce so me slowdown of the system performance while accessing the disk. To ensure proper volume alignment and normal access to vo l umes on this disk, perform the following steps:

1. Create a bootable media with Acronis Disk Director—see How to create b ootab le medi a (p. 56).

2. Run Acronis Disk Director from a bootable media—see Running Acronis Disk Director (p. 18).

3. Select th e Bootable media OS disk layout—see Disk layout (p. 22).

4. Create volumes—see Creating a volume (p. 28).

If Windows 7 or Windows Vista is installed in addition to Windows XP, select the disk layout of either of those operating systems.

After the volumes are created, you can perform other operations with them (including changing their size) under any disk layout.

How to fix volume misalignment using Acronis Disk Director

Suppose that you have already created basic volumes on a disk with a 4-KB sector size, using Windows XP. Volumes already contain data. To align the misaligned volumes on the disk using Acronis Disk Director, clone this disk to another and then clone it back—see Disk cloning (p. 47). After cloning, Acronis Disk Director shifts the first volume start with 1MB offset, all the disk volumes will be aligned properly.

How to ...................................................................................................... 26

4 Getting started

After reading this section, you will know how to run and use Acronis Disk Director, what precautions you should take, and how to perform the most common tasks you might need.

In this section

Precautions .............................................................................................. 18

User privileges .......................................................................................... 18

Running Acronis Disk Director ................................................................. 18

Acronis Disk Director main window ......................................................... 19

Disk and volume information ................................................................... 20

Disk layout ................................................................................................ 22

Performing operations ............................................................................. 22

Log ............................................................................................................ 23

Collecting system information ................................................................. 25

4.1 Precautions

To avoid any possible disk and volume structure damage or data loss, please take all necessary precautions and follow these simple rules:

1. Back up the disk whose volumes will be created or managed. Having your most important data backed up to another hard disk or CD will allow you to work on disk volumes being reassured that your data is safe.

Acronis has an extremely effective comprehensive data backup and recovery solution — Acronis True Image. It creates a data or disk backup copy stored in a compressed archive file that can be restored in case of an accident.

2. Check volumes (p. 41) to make sure they are fully functional and do not contain any bad sectors or file system errors.

3. Do not perform any disk/volume operations while running other software that has low-level disk access. Acronis Disk Director must ob tain exclu sive access to the target disk/volu me. Th is mean s no other disk management utilities (such as the Windows Disk Management utility) can access it at that time. If you receive a message stating that the disk/volume cannot be blocked, close the disk management applications that use this disk/volume and start again. If you cannot determine which applications use the disk/volume, close them all.

With these simple precautions, you will protect yourself against accidental data loss.

4.2 User privileges

In order to perform any operation using Acronis Disk Director, you must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group.

4.3 Running Acronis Disk Director

Running Acronis Disk Director in Windows

1. Select Start -> All Programs -> Acronis -> D isk Di re ctor -> Acronis Disk Direc to r.

2. In the disk management area, examine the current layout of disks and volumes.

3. Add one or more management operations on disks and volumes to the que ue of pending operations. These operations will take effect only after you commit them.

4. In the disk management area, examine how the layout of disks and volumes will look when the pending operations are comple te d.

5. Commit the pending operations.

Some operations, such as changing the size of a volume from which Windows starts, may require restarting the machine.

Running Acronis Disk Director from a bootable media

Acronis Disk Director has a bootable version that can be run on a bare metal system, or on a crashed machine that cannot boot normally, or even on a non-Windows system, like Linux. A boot able version of Acronis Disk Director is created with Acronis Bootable Media Builder (p. 55).

To run Acronis Disk Director, boot the machine from a bootable media, and then select Acronis Disk Director.

While working under bootable media (p. 60), Acronis Disk Director can perform almost all the operations on any disks and volumes that can be performed under Windows.

4.4 Acronis Disk Director main window

The main window of Acronis Disk Director is your main working place with the product.

The main window of Acronis Disk Director

1. Menu

The menu provides access to all the actions, tools and settings of Acronis Disk Director.

2. Toolbar

The toolbar displays the current disk layout (p. 22) and lets you perform the following actions on pending operations: Commit (p. 23), Undo and Redo (p. 23).

Disk Management view

The disk management area contains the table of disks and volumes and the graphical panel.

3. Table

The table lists all the disks and their volumes and lets you select any of them to perform operations. You can sort volumes by columns. Click the column's header to sort the volumes in ascending order.

Click it once again to sort the volumes in descending order. If required, you can hide the show n columns and show the hidden ones.

To show or hide columns

1. Right-click any column header to open the context men u. The menu ite ms that ar e ticked off correspond to the column headers p r esented in the table.

2. Click the items you want to be displayed/hidden.

4. Graphical panel

The graphical panel provides visual information about all the disks and their volumes for better understanding of the volume configuration. The graphical panel also lets you select both the volumes and disks to perform operation s on them.

5. Actions and tools pane

Provides quick access to the operations that can be performed on the selected disk or volume (see Volume operations (p. 28) and Disk operations (p. 46)) and Acronis tools (see Tools (p. 55)).

4.5 Disk and volume information

In the table and graphical panel—along with the type, size, letter, partitioning scheme, and other information about disks and volumes—you can also check their status. The status helps you to estimate the condition of a disk or volume.

4.5.1 Disk statuses

Check the disk status to estimate whether the disk is functioning without problems. Disk statuses are displayed in the graphical panel below their capacity.

Here are brief descriptions of the most common disk statuses:

§ Online

A basic or dynamic disk is accessible and functioning correctly. This is the normal disk status. You can change an online disk to offline—see Changing a disk status: online to offline (p. 51).

§ Online (Errors)

I/O errors are found on a dynamic disk. If a disk has errors, we recommended you to repair it as soon as possible to avoid data loss.

§ Offline

A dynamic disk is accessible in read only mode (if you switched it to offline previously), or not accessible at all (corrupted or intermittently unavailable). You can make the disk that you previously switched to offline, fully accessible—see Changing a disk status: offline to online (p.

52).

§ Foreign

This status occurs when you move a dynamic disk to your machine from another com p uter. To access data on foreign disks, yo u have to add these disks to your machine's system configuration—see Importing foreign disks (p. 52), or convert them to basic disks—see Disk conversion: dynamic to basic (p. 50).

§ Missing

A dynamic disk is corrupted, power ed down, or disconnected.

§ Not Initialized

A disk does not contain a valid signature. After you install a new disk, the disk must be registered in the operating system—see Disk initialization (p. 46). Only then, you can create volumes on that disk.

To find out more information about disk statuses, please refer to the Disk status descriptions article on the Microsoft website.

Important! For instructions explaining how to repair disks with an Online (Errors), Offline, o r Missing status, please refer to the Troubleshooting Disk Management article on the Microsoft website.

4.5.2 V olume statuses

Check a volume status to make sure the volume is accessible and works without problems. Volume statuses appear both in the table and graphical panel.

Here are brief descriptions of the most common volu me statu s es :

§ Healthy

A basic or dynamic volume is accessible and functioning correctly. This is the normal volume status.

The Healthy status often has a number of substatuses that are displayed i n the table view (in parentheses) and in the graphical view (below the volume size and separated by a semicolon). The System, Boot and Active substatuses are the most common and described in the Active, system, and boot volumes (p. 14) section.

The healthy volume whose file system is corrupted is marked with the following icon:

§ Failed

A dynamic volume (striped, or spanned) cannot be started automatically, or one of the underlying disks is missing.

§ Failed Redundancy

The data on a mirrored volume is no longer fault tolerant because one of the dynamic disks is not online. You can access the volume until the remaining dynamic disk is online. To avoid data loss, we recommend you to repair the volume as soon as possible.

To find out more information about disk statuses, please refer to the Volume status descriptions article on the Microsoft website.

Important! For instructions explaining how to repair volumes with erroneous statuses, please refer to the

Troubleshooting Disk Management article on the Microsoft website.

4.6 Disk layout

On a machine with two or more operating sys tems , representation of disks and volumes d epends on which operating system is currently running.

A volume may have a different letter in different Windows operating systems. For example, volume E: might appear as D: or L: when you boot another Windows operating system i nstalled on the same machine. It is also possible that this volume will have the same letter E: under any Windows operating system installed on the machine. Moreover, a dynamic disk created in one Windows operating system is considered as a Foreign Disk in another Windows operating system or might even be unsupported by this oper atin g system.

When you need to perform a disk manageme n t operation on such machine, it is neces sary to specify for which operating system the disk management operation will be performed, i.e. specify the disk layout.

The name of the currently selected operating system is shown on the toolbar after “Disk layout:”. Click the operating system name to select another operating system in the Operating System Selection window.

Under bootable media, this window appears immediately after Acronis Disk Director is launched. The disk layout will be displayed according to the operating system you select.

4.7 Performing operations

In Acronis Disk Director, all operations on disks and volumes are performed in the same way.

To perform any operation

1. Do any of the following:

§ Click the disk or the volume, and then select the required action in the Actions menu.

§ Click the disk or the volume, and then select the required action on the Actions pane.

§ Right-click the disk or volume, and select the required action in the context menu.

Note: the list of available actions in the Actions menu, the context menu and the Actions pane depends on the selected volume or disk type. The same also applies to unallocated space.

2. You will be forwarded to the operation specific window, or the wizard page, where you have to specify the operation's sett ing s.

3. Click OK. The operation will not be performed immediately, but will be considered pending (p.

23) and added to the pending operation lis t.

You can prepare a sequence of o pera tions to be performed on disks and vo lumes. All pending operations will be performed only after you commit them.

Nevertheless, the results of any pending disk or volume operation are immediately displayed in the product main window. For example, if you create a volume, it will be immediately shown in the table

view at the top, as well as in the graphical view at the bottom. Any volume changes, including changing the volume letter or label, are also immediately displayed.

While an operation is pending it can be easily undone and redone —see Undoing pending operations (p. 23).

4.7.1 P ending operations

Almost all the operations are consi dered pending before you commit them. Until then, Acronis Disk Director will only demonstrate the new volume structure that will result from the operations, planned to be performed on disks and volumes.

This approach enables you to control all planned operations, double-check the intended changes, and, if necessary, undo operations before they are executed.

All pending operations are added to the pending operations list that can be viewed in the Pending operations window.

To view and commit pending operations

1. On the toolbar, click Commit pending operations.

2. In the Pending operations window, view and examine the list of pendin g operations.

3. Click Proceed to execute the operations. You will not be able to undo any operations after you choose to proceed the operation.

To quit the Pending operations window without committing, click Cancel. If you try to exit Acronis Disk Director while there are pending operations that are not yet

committed, you will be asked whether you want to commit them. Quitting the program without committing the pending operations effectively cancels them.

4.7.2 Undoi ng pending o perat ions

Any pending operation can be undo ne or redone.

To undo the latest pending operation in the list

do any of the following:

§ Click the Undo button on the toolbar

§ Press Ctrl + Z

Undoing an operation results in canceling one or more pending operations. While the list is populated, this action is available.

To redo the last pending operation that was undone

do any of the following:

§ Click the Redo button on toolbar

§ Press Ctrl + Y

4.8 Log

The Log stores the history of operations performed on the machine using Acronis Disk Director. For instance, when you create a new volume, the respective entry is added to the log. With the log, you

can examine information about disk and volume operations, i ncluding reasons any for failures. Physically, a log is a collection of XML files stored on the machine.

Operations performed using bootable media are logged as well, but the log’s lifetime is limited to a current session. Rebooting eliminates the log, but you can save the log to a file while the machine is booted with the media.

To browse the Log

Select View -> View log from the menu.

Way of working with the log

§ Use filters to display the desired log entries. You can also hide the unneeded columns and show

the hidden ones. See the Filtering and sorting log entries (p. 25) section for details.

§ In the log table, select the log entry (or log entries) to take action on it—see Action s on log

entries (p. 24).

§ Use the Information panel to review detailed information on the selected log entry. The panel is

collapsed by default. To expand the panel, click the duplicated in the Log entry detai ls window.

chevron. The content of the panel is also

4.8.1 Actions on log entries

The following is a guideline for you to perform actions on log entries. All the operations described below are performed by clicking the corresponding items on the log

toolbar.

To Do

Select a single log entry Click on it. Select multiple log

entries

§ non-contiguous: hold down CTRL and click the log entries individ ually

§ contiguous: select a single log entry, then hold down SHIFT and click

another entry. All the entries between the fir st and last selections will be selected too.

View a log entry’s details 1. Select a log entry.

2. Do one of the following

§ Click View Details. The log entry's details will be di splayed in a sepa r ate

window.

§ Expand the Information panel, by clicking the chevron.

Save the selected l og entries to a file

1. Select a single log entry or multiple log entries.

2. Click Save Selected to File.

3. In the opened window, specify a path and a name for the file.

Save all the log entries to a file

1. Make sure, that th e filters (p. 25) are not set.

2. Click

3. In the opened window, specify a path and a name for the file.

Save All to File.

Save all the filtered log entries to a file

Delete all the log entries

1. Set filters (p. 25) to get a l ist of the log entries that satisfy the filtering criteria.

2. Click Save All to File.

3. In the opened window, specify a path and a name for the file. As a result, the log entries of that list will be saved.

Click All the log entries will be deleted from th e log, and a new log entry will be

created. It will contain information about who deleted the entries and when.

Clear Log.

4.8.2 Filtering and sorting log entries

The following is a guideline for you to filter and sort log entries.

To Do

Display log entries for a given time period

Filter log entries by owner and сode

1. In the From field, select the date starting from which to display th e log entries.

2. In the To field, select the date up to which to display the log entries.

Type the required value (owner name, code number) in the field below the respective column header.

As a result you will see that the list of log entries fully or just part ly coincide with the entered value.

Filter log entries by type Press or release the following toolbar buttons:

to filter error messages to filter warnin g messages to filter information messages

Sort log entries by date and time; type; message

Click the column's header to s o rt t he log entries in ascending order. Click it once again to sort the log entries in d escending order.

Configuring the log table

By default, the table has three columns that are displayed, the others are hidden. If required, you can hide the shown columns and show the hidden ones.

To show or hide columns

1. Right-click any column header to open the context menu. The menu items that are ticked off correspond to the column headers p r esented in the table.

2. Click the items you want to be displayed/hidden.

4.9 Collecting system information

The system information collection tool gathers system information about the machine and saves it to a file. You may want to provide this file when contacting Acron i s technical support.

To collect system information

1. Select Help -> About -> Collect system information from the top menu.

2. Specify where to save the file with system information.

4.10 How to

How to create a volume that spans across several disks?

Create a dynamic volume (spanned or striped) by using the Create volume (p. 28) wizard.

How to increase a volume size at the expens e of other volumes' unallocated space?

Resize (p. 30) the volume.

How to merge two volumes without l osi ng your data?

Use the Merge (p. 33) operation.

How to make the existing volume fault-tolerant?

Add a mirror (p. 39) to this volume.

How to recover an accidentally del eted basic volume that has important data?

Use the Recovery Expert (p. 61) tool.

How to replace a hard disk without reinstalling the operating system and applications?

Use the Clone (p. 47) operation.

How to move dynamic disks from one system to another?

Use the Import foreign disks (p. 52) operation.

How to get quick access to the data store d on a L inux volume under Windows?

Use the Browse files (p. 41) operation.

How to place files from a Linux volume into a folder on a Windows volume?

Use the Merge (p. 33) operation, selecting the Windows volume as the main volume.

How to erase all information on the volume?

Use the Format (p. 34) operation.

How to increase the system performance?

Use the Defragmentation (p. 42) operation.

How to verify the logical integrity of a file system on a volume and repair any errors found?

Use the Check (p. 41) operation.

How to explore data stored on a volume before performing any operation?

Use the Browse files (p. 41) operation.

How to work with hard disk drives t hat use 4-KB sector size?

Follow the guidelines described in the Volume alignment in disks having a 4-KB sector s ize (p. 15) section.

How to save, copy and restore the MBR?

Read the Usage examples (p. 80) section of Acronis Disk Editor.

How to change the volume's cluster size?

Use the Change cluster size (p. 42) operation.

How clean up the disk?

Use the Clean up disk (p. 53) operation.

5 Volume operations

This section describes all the operations that you can perform with volumes in Acronis Disk Director. Acronis Disk Director must obtain exclusive access to the target disk/volume. This means no other

disk management utilities (such as the Windows Disk Management utility) can access it at that time. If you receive a message stating that the disk/volume cannot be blocked, close the disk management applications that use this disk/volume and start again. If you cannot determine which applications use the disk/volume, close them all.

In this section

Creating a volume .................................................................................... 28

Resizing a volume ..................................................................................... 30

Copying a volume ..................................................................................... 31

Moving a volume...................................................................................... 32

Merging basic volumes ............................................................................ 33

Formatting a volume ................................................................................ 34

Deleting a volume .................................................................................... 35

Splitting a basic volume ........................................................................... 35

Changing a volume label .......................................................................... 36

Changing a drive letter ............................................................................. 37

Converting a primary volume to logical ................................................... 37

Converting a logical volume to primary ................................................... 38

Changing a partition type ......................................................................... 38

Setting a volume active ............................................................................ 39

Adding a mirror ........................................................................................ 39

Removing a mirror ................................................................................... 40

Breaking a mirrored volume .................................................................... 40

Browsing a volume's content ................................................................... 41

Checking a volume for errors ................................................................... 41

Defragmenting a volume ......................................................................... 42

Changing a cluster size ............................................................................. 42

Changing a file system ............................................................................. 43

Hiding a volume ....................................................................................... 43

Unhiding a volume ................................................................................... 44

Specifying i-node density ......................................................................... 44

5.1 Creating a volume

You might need a new volume to:

§ Store data—for example, a music collection, photo albums, or video files;

§ Store backups (images) of other volumes/disks (especially boot volumes) to be able to recover

the system in case of disaster;

§ Install a new operating system (or swap file).

To create a new volume

1. Run the Create Volume Wizard by right-clicking any unallocated space, and then click Create volume.

2. Specify the type that the new volume will have. Every volume type is provided with a brief description to let you better understand the advantages and limitations of each possible volume type. To learn more about volume types—see Types of basic volumes (p. 13) and Types of dynamic volumes (p. 13).

The list of volume types contains only the types that are supported (p. 15) by the current operating system.

3. Depending on the type of the new volume, specify one or more disks where you want to create the new volume:

§ If the new volume is basic, select one basic disk and specify one region of unallocated space

on that disk.

Note: You cannot create a basic volume on a disk that already has four primary volumes; you first need to convert one of those volumes to logical—see Converting a primary volume to logical (p. 37). This restriction does not apply to GPT disks.

§ If the new volume is simple or spanned, select one or more disks.

§ If the new volume is striped, select two or more disks.

§ If the new volume is mirrored, select two disks.

Note for striped and mirrored volumes: Because these volumes occupy space on their disks in equal parts, the maximum size of such volume will depend on the selected disk with the least amount of unallocated space.

When creating a dynamic volume and selecting one or several basic disks as its destination, the selected disks will be converted to dynamic automatically.

4. Specify the size of the new volume. By default, the volume size is set to maximum. To specify a different size, move the slider or enter the required value into the Volume size field.

If the disk still has unallocated space after you have set the size of the vo l u me, you can set the amount of unallocated space b efore and after the basic volume. To do this, drag the volume within the unallocated space , or type the required amount of space before and after the volume in the respective fields.

In the volume layout diagram at the bottom of the window, you can specify the space that the volume will occupy on each of t he selected disks, by typing the amounts or by dr a gging the sliders.

5. Specify the following options of the new volume:

§ File system (by default, NTFS). Some of the supported file systems (p. 9) will be disabled

depending on the chosen volume type and size—for example, FAT32 will be disabled if the volume size has been set at more than 2 TB.

§ Cluster size. Select the cluster size—the smallest amount of disk space which will be

allocated to store a file. We recommend leaving the default size, which is marked in the list as (default). The default cluster size depends on the volume size and the type of the file system—for example, the default cluster size for up to 2-TB NTFS volum es is 4 KB.

§ Volume label (by default, NONE). A short name that you can assign to a volume to better

differentiate it from other volumes. The maximum length of a volume label depends on the volume’s file system—see Changing a volume label (p. 36).

§ Letter (by default, the first free letter of the alphabet). Assign a drive letter to the volume to

be able to locate files and folders on it.

If the new volume is basic, specify whether it will be:

§ Primary. Set the volume as Primary, if you plan to install an operating system on it. Mark the

primary volume as Active, if you need th e machi ne to star t fro m this v olum e.

§ Logical. Set the volume as Logical, if it is intended for data storage.

6. Click Finish to add the pending volume creation operation.

The results of the pending operation are immediately displayed as if the operation had been performed.

To perform the pending operation you will have to commit it (p. 23). Exiting the program without committing the pending operations will effectively cancel them.

5.2 Resizing a volume

This operation extends a volume—whether basic or dynamic—by taking unallocated space from one or more disks; or reduces a volume so that a portion of the volume’s free space becomes unallocated space.

Extending a basic volume. A basic volume occupies a single region on a single basic disk. When you extend a basic volume, you can choose to leave the disk as basi c and use only the unallocated space that is adjacent to the volume. Alternatively, you can choose to convert the disk to dynamic an d u se unallocated space from all dynamic disks on your machine. In the second case, the volume will become a simple or spanned vol ume.

Resizing a volume from which the machine or an operating system starts. You can resize the system volume, a boot volume, or the active volume only when it is a basic volume.

To resize a volume

1. Select th e volu me that y ou want to resize, and then click Resize volume.

2. Specify the new size of the volume, by typing it or by moving the slider.

3. When resizing a basic volume:

§ To be able to use only unallocated space that is adjacent to the volume, click Leave the

volume as basic. The volume will remain a basic volume.

§ To be able to use unallocated space from all dynamic disks on the machine, click Convert the

volume to simple/spanned. The volume will be converted to a simple or spanned volume,

and the corresponding disk will b ecome dynamic.

Note: This option is not available if the volume is the system volume, a boot volume, or the active volume.

If you choose the Leave the volum e as bas ic option, the following options are available:

§ Append all unallocated disk space to the volume

With this option, all unallocated space on the disk will become adjacent to the volume that you are resizing. This may involve relocating other volumes within the disk.

As a result you will be able to extend the volume by using all unallocated space, including the unallocated space that is not currently adjacent to the volume, while keeping the disk as a basic disk.

When this check box is selected, the following option is available:

§ Take free space from other volumes

With this option, other volumes on the disk will be reduced so that only a specified percentage of the corresponding current free space will remain on each of those volumes.

+ 67 hidden pages

Acronis Disk Director Home - 11.0 Operation Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Introducing Acronis® Disk Director® 11 Home

2 Installation and upgrade

2.1 Hardware requirements

2.2 Supported operating systems

2.3 Supported file systems

2.4 Supported media

2.5 Installing Acronis Disk Director

2.6 Installing Acronis OS Selector

2.7 Updating Acronis Disk Director

2.8 Removing Acronis Disk Director

2.9 Upgrading Acronis Disk Director

3 Basic concepts

3.1 Basic and dynamic disks

3.2 Types of basic volumes

3.3 Types of dynamic volumes

3.4 Active, system, and boot volumes

3.5 Dynamic volume types support

3.6 Volume alignment in disks with a 4-KB sector size

4 Getting started

4.1 Precautions

4.2 User privileges

4.3 Running Acronis Disk Director

4.4 Acronis Disk Director main window

4.5 Disk and volume information

4.5.1 Disk statuses

4.5.2 V olume statuses

4.6 Disk layout

4.7 Performing operations

4.7.1 P ending operations

4.7.2 Undoi ng pending o perat ions

4.8.1 Actions on log entries

4.8.2 Filtering and sorting log entries

4.9 Collecting system information

5 Volume operations

5.1 Creating a volume

5.2 Resizing a volume