Accton Technology VS4512, VS4512DC User Manual

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VDSL Switch-VS4512 VDSL Switch-VS4512DC

Management Guide

VDSL Switch-V4512

VDSL Switch (with AC power connector) supporting 12 VDSL lines, with 2 Slots for Optional 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-T or 1000BASE-X GBIC uplink modules

VDSL Switch-VS4512DC

VDSL Switch (with DC power connector) supporting 12 VDSL lines, with 2 Slots for Optional 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-T or 1000BASE-X GBIC uplink modules

No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Accton Technology Corporation.

Accton makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, quality, or fitness for any particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Accton reserves the right to make revisions to this publication without obligation to notify any person or entity of any such changes.

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Accton is a trademark of Accton Technology Corporation. Other trademarks or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

VS4512 VS4512DC F1.0.4.0 E122003-R02 150000041800A

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 1-1

Key Features 1-1 Description of Software Features 1-2 System Defaults 1-5

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration 2-1

Connecting to the Switch 2-1

Configuration Options 2-1 Required Connections 2-2 Remote Connections 2-3

Basic Configuration 2-3

Console Connection 2-3 Setting Passwords 2-4 Setting an IP Address 2-4

Manual Configuration 2-4 Dynamic Configuration 2-5

Enabling SNMP Management Access 2-6

Community Strings 2-6 Trap Receivers 2-7

Saving Configuration Settings 2-7

Managing System Files 2-8

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch 3-1

Using the Web Interface 3-1 Navigating the Web Browser Interface 3-2

Home Page 3-2 Configuration Options 3-2 Panel Display 3-3 Main Menu 3-3

Basic Configuration 3-7

Displaying System Information 3-7 Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions 3-9 Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities 3-10 Setting the Switch’s IP Address 3-11

Manual Configuration 3-12

Using DHCP/BOOTP 3-13 Fan Status 3-14 Managing Firmware 3-14

Downloading System Software from a Server 3-15

Contents

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings 3-16

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server 3-16 Setting the Startup Configuration File 3-17

Copying the Running Configuration to a File 3-17 Resetting the System 3-18 Setting the System Clock 3-18

Configuring SNTP 3-18

Setting the Time Zone 3-19

Simple Network Management Protocol 3-20

Setting Community Access Strings 3-21 Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types 3-22 Filtering Addresses for SNMP Client Access 3-23

User Authentication. 3-24

Configuring the Logon Password 3-24 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication 3-25 Telnet Settings 3-28 Configuring HTTPS 3-28

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate 3-29 Configuring the Secure Shell 3-30 Configuring Port Security 3-31 Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication 3-33

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings 3-34

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings 3-36

Configuring Port Authorization Mode 3-37

Displaying 802.1x Statistics 3-38

Port Configuration 3-39

Displaying Connection Status 3-39 Configuring Interface Connections 3-42 Creating Trunk Groups 3-44

Statically Configuring a Trunk 3-45

Enabling LACP on Selected Ports 3-46 Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds 3-48 Configuring Port Mirroring 3-49 Configuring Rate Limits 3-50 Showing Port Statistics 3-51

VDSL Configuration 3-56

VDSL Global Configuration 3-56 VDSL Port Configuration 3-58 VDSL Port Link Status 3-61 Displaying VDSL Port Ethernet Statistics 3-64 VDSL Line Configuration 3-65 Displaying VDSL Interface Information 3-66 VDSL Performance Monitor Information 3-69 Monitoring VDSL Performance History 3-72

Contents

Address Table Settings 3-73

Setting Static Addresses 3-73 Displaying the Address Table 3-74 Changing the Aging Time 3-75

Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuration 3-76

Displaying Global Settings 3-77 Configuring Global Settings 3-79 Displaying Interface Settings 3-81 Configuring Interface Settings 3-84

VLAN Configuration 3-86

Overview 3-86

Assigning Ports to VLANs 3-87

Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames 3-88 Displaying Basic VLAN Information 3-88 Displaying Current VLANs 3-89 Creating VLANs 3-91 Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) 3-92 Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) 3-93 Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces 3-94 Configuring Private VLANs 3-96

Enabling Private VLANs 3-97

Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports 3-97

Class of Service Configuration 3-98

Setting the Default Priority for Interfaces 3-98 Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues 3-100 Selecting the Queue Mode 3-101 Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes 3-102 Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values 3-103 Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority 3-103 Mapping IP Precedence 3-104 Mapping DSCP Priority 3-105 Mapping IP Port Priority 3-107 Copy Priority Settings 3-108

Multicast Filtering 3-109

Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) 3-109

Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters 3-110

Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router 3-111

Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router 3-112

Displaying Port Members of Multicast Services 3-113

Assigning Ports to Multicast Services 3-114

iii

Contents

Chapter 4: Command Line Interface 4-1

Using the Command Line Interface 4-1

Accessing the CLI 4-1 Console Connection 4-1 Telnet Connection 4-1

Entering Commands 4-3

Keywords and Arguments 4-3 Minimum Abbreviation 4-3 Command Completion 4-3 Getting Help on Commands 4-3

Showing Commands 4-4 Partial Keyword Lookup 4-4 Negating the Effect of Commands 4-5 Using Command History 4-5 Understanding Command Modes 4-5 Exec Commands 4-5 Configuration Commands 4-6 Command Line Processing 4-7

Command Groups 4-8 Line Commands 4-9

line 4-9 login 4-10 password 4-11 exec-timeout 4-12 password-thresh 4-12 silent-time 4-13 databits 4-14 parity 4-14 speed 4-15 stopbits 4-16 disconnect 4-16 show line 4-17

General Commands 4-17

enable 4-18 disable 4-18 configure 4-19 show history 4-19 reload 4-20 end 4-21 exit 4-21 quit 4-21

System Management Commands 4-22

Device Designation Commands 4-22

prompt 4-23

hostname 4-23

Contents

User Access Commands 4-24

username 4-24 enable password 4-25

IP Filter Commands 4-26

management 4-26 show management 4-27

Web Server Commands 4-28

ip http port 4-28 ip http server 4-28 ip http secure-server 4-29 ip http secure-port 4-30 ip telnet server 4-30

Secure Shell Commands 4-31

ip ssh server 4-31 ip ssh timeout 4-32 ip ssh authentication-retries 4-33 disconnect ssh 4-33 show ip ssh 4-34 show ssh 4-34

Event Logging Commands 4-35

logging on 4-35 logging history 4-36 logging host 4-37 logging facility 4-37 logging trap 4-38 clear logging 4-38 show logging 4-39

SMTP Alert Commands 4-40

logging sendmail host 4-41 logging sendmail level 4-41 logging sendmail source-email 4-42 logging sendmail destination-email 4-42 logging sendmail 4-43 show logging sendmail 4-43

Time Commands 4-44

sntp client 4-44 sntp server 4-45 sntp poll 4-46 sntp broadcast client 4-47 show sntp 4-47 clock timezone 4-48 calendar set 4-48 show calendar 4-49

Contents

System Status Commands 4-49

show startup-config 4-49

show running-config 4-51

show system 4-53

show users 4-53

show version 4-54

Flash/File Commands 4-55

copy 4-55 delete 4-57 dir 4-58 whichboot 4-59 boot system 4-59

Authentication Commands 4-60

Authentication Sequence 4-60

authentication login 4-60 RADIUS Client 4-61

radius-server host 4-61

radius-server port 4-62

radius-server key 4-62

radius-server retransmit 4-63

radius-server timeout 4-63

show radius-server 4-64 TACACS+ Client 4-64

tacacs-server host 4-64

tacacs-server port 4-65

tacacs-server key 4-65

show tacacs-server 4-66 Port Security Commands 4-66

port security 4-67

802.1x Port Authentication 4-68

authentication dot1x default 4-68

dot1x default 4-69

dot1x max-req 4-69

dot1x port-control 4-70

dot1x operation-mode 4-70

dot1x re-authenticate 4-71

dot1x re-authentication 4-71

dot1x timeout quiet-period 4-71

dot1x timeout re-authperiod 4-72

dot1x timeout tx-period 4-72

show dot1x 4-73

Contents

SNMP Commands 4-76

snmp-server community 4-76 snmp-server contact 4-77 snmp-server location 4-77 snmp-server host 4-78 snmp-server enable traps 4-79 snmp ip filter 4-80 show snmp 4-81

DHCP Commands 4-82

DHCP Client 4-82

ip dhcp client-identifier 4-82 ip dhcp restart client 4-83

Interface Commands 4-84

interface 4-84 description 4-85 speed-duplex 4-85 negotiation 4-86 capabilities 4-87 flowcontrol 4-88 shutdown 4-89 switchport broadcast packet-rate 4-89 clear counters 4-90 show interfaces status 4-91 show interfaces counters 4-92 show interfaces switchport 4-93

Mirror Port Commands 4-95

port monitor 4-95 show port monitor 4-96

Rate Limit Commands 4-97

rate-limit 4-97

Link Aggregation Commands 4-98

channel-group 4-99 lacp 4-99

VDSL Commands 4-101

efm profile global 4-102 efm profile 4-103 efm reset 4-104 efm shutdown 4-104 efm rdl 4-105 efm interleave 4-106 efm noise-margin 4-107 efm rate-adapt 4-108 efm pbo 4-109 show controllers ethernet-controller 4-109 show controllers efm actual 4-111

vii

Contents

show controllers efm admin 4-112 show controllers efm profile 4-112 show controllers efm status 4-114 show controllers efm remote ethernet mode 4-115 show controllers efm-noise-margin 4-116 show controllers efm channel-performance 4-117 show controllers efm line-table 4-117 show controllers efm phy-table 4-118 show controllers efm channel-table 4-119 show controllers efm current-performance 4-120

Address Table Commands 4-122

mac-address-table static 4-122 clear mac-address-table dynamic 4-123 show mac-address-table 4-123 mac-address-table aging-time 4-124 show mac-address-table aging-time 4-125

Spanning Tree Commands 4-125

spanning-tree 4-126 spanning-tree mode 4-126 spanning-tree forward-time 4-127 spanning-tree hello-time 4-128 spanning-tree max-age 4-128 spanning-tree priority 4-129 spanning-tree pathcost method 4-130 spanning-tree transmission-limit 4-130 spanning-tree cost 4-131 spanning-tree port-priority 4-132 spanning-tree edge-port 4-132 spanning-tree portfast 4-133 spanning-tree link-type 4-134 spanning-tree protocol-migration 4-135 show spanning-tree 4-135

VLAN Commands 4-137

Editing VLAN Groups 4-137

vlan database 4-137

vlan 4-138 Configuring VLAN Interfaces 4-139

interface vlan 4-139

switchport mode 4-140

switchport acceptable-frame-types 4-140

switchport ingress-filtering 4-141

switchport native vlan 4-142

switchport allowed vlan 4-142 Displaying VLAN Information 4-143

show vlan 4-143

viii

Contents

Configuring Private VLANs 4-144

pvlan 4-144 show pvlan 4-145

Bridge Extension Commands 4-146

show bridge-ext 4-146

Priority Commands 4-147

Priority Commands (Layer 2) 4-147

switchport priority default 4-147 queue mode 4-148 queue bandwidth 4-149 queue cos-map 4-150 show queue mode 4-151 show queue bandwidth 4-151 show queue cos-map 4-151

Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) 4-152

map ip precedence (Global Configuration) 4-152 map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) 4-153 map ip dscp (Global Configuration) 4-153 map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) 4-154 map ip port (Global Configuration) 4-155 map ip port (Interface Configuration) 4-155 show map ip precedence 4-156 show map ip dscp 4-156 show map ip port 4-157

Multicast Filtering Commands 4-158

IGMP Snooping Commands 4-158

ip igmp snooping 4-158 ip igmp snooping vlan static 4-159 ip igmp snooping version 4-159 show ip igmp snooping 4-160 show mac-address-table multicast 4-161

IGMP Query Commands (Layer 2) 4-161

ip igmp snooping querier 4-162 ip igmp snooping query-count 4-162 ip igmp snooping query-interval 4-163 ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time 4-163 ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time 4-164

Static Multicast Routing Commands 4-165

ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter 4-165 show ip igmp snooping mrouter 4-166

Contents

IP Interface Commands 4-166

Basic IP Configuration 4-166

ip address 4-167

ip default-gateway 4-168

show ip interface 4-168

show ip redirects 4-169

ping 4-169

Appendix A: Software Specifications A-1

Software Features A-1 Management Features A-2 Standards A-2 Management Information Bases A-3

Appendix B: Troubleshooting C-1

Glossary

Index

Chapter 1: Introduction

The switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.

The switch uses four frequency bands (two downstream and two upstream) for VDSL lines. These frequency bands conform to ANSI Plan 998. Details of the frequency bands are given in the table below.

Key Features

Feature Description

4-Band VDSL Total Bandwidth: 11.1 MHz

Bandwidth Allocation: Downstream 1 (0.9-3.75 MHz), Downstream 2 (5.2-8.5 MHz), Upstream 1 (3.75-5.2 MHz), Upstream 2 (8.5-12 MHz)

Configuration Backup and Restore

Authentication Console, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS,

DHCP Client Supported

Port Configuration Speed, duplex mode and flow control

Rate Limiting Input and output rate limiting per port

Port Mirroring One or more ports mirrored to single analysis port

Port Trunking Supports 1 Gigabit trunk using either static or dynamic trunking

Broadcast Storm Control

Static Address Up to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table

IEEE 802.1D Bridge Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning

Store-and-Forward Switching

Spanning Tree Protocol

Backup to TFTP server

TACACS+ Web – HTTPS; Telnet – SSH SNMP – Community strings, IP address filtering Port – IEEE 802.1x, MAC address filtering

(LACP)

Supported

Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames

Supports standard STP and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

1-1

Introduction

Feature Description

Virtual LANs Up to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, or private VLANs

Traffic Prioritization Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling,

Multicast Filtering Supports IGMP snooping and query

IP Precedence, or Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

Description of Software Features

The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features. Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from engulfing the network. Port-based VLANs provide traffic security and efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast filtering provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the management features are briefly described below.

Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings.

Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+). Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1x protocol. This protocol uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request user credentials from the 802.1x client, and then verifies the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server.

Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access, and MAC address filtering for port access.

Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed, duplex mode, and flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever possible to double the throughput of switch connections. Flow control should also be enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow control based on the IEEE 802.3x standard.

Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

1-2

Description of Software Features

Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.

Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch supports one trunk with two Gigabit optional module ports.

Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.

Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved. When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.

IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 8K addresses.

Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.

To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 8 MB for frame buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested networks.

Spanning Tree Protocol – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol adds a level of fault tolerance by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments, this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate path will be activated to maintain the connection.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the convergence time for network topology changes to about 10% of that required by the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.

1-3

Introduction

Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs. This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:

• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.

• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection.

• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.

• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.

Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required level of service, using four priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on input from the end-station application. These functions can independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.

This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.

Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query to manage multicast group registration.

be used to provide

1-4

System Defaults

The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-17).

The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.

Function Parameter Default

IP Settings Management VLAN 1

DHCP Enabled

BOOTP Disabled

User Specified Disabled

IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

Console Port Connection

Authentication Privileged Exec Level Username “admin”

Baud Rate 9600

Data bits 8

Stop bits 1

Parity none

Local Console Timeout 0 (disabled)

Password “admin”

Normal Exec Level Username “guest”

Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Exec Level

RADIUS Authentication Disabled

TACACS Authentication Disabled

802.1x Port Authentication Disabled

SSL Enabled

HTTPS Enabled

SSH version 2.0 Enabled

Port Security Disabled

Password “guest”

Password “super”

1-5

Introduction

Function Parameter Default

Web Management HTTP Server Enabled

HTTP Port Number 80

HTTP Secure Server Enabled

HTTP Secure Port Number 443

SNMP Community Strings “public” (read only)

Traps Authentication traps: enabled

IP Filtering Disabled

Port Configuration Admin Status Enabled

Auto-negotiation Enabled

Flow Control Disabled

Port Capability 100BASE-TX –

Module Port Capability 1000BASE-T/SX/LX/LH –

Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled

Port Trunking Static Trunks None

LACP (all ports) Disabled

Broadcast Storm Protection

Spanning Tree Protocol

Address Table Aging Time 300 seconds

Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1

Status Enabled (all ports)

Broadcast Limit Rate 500 packets per second

Status Enabled

Fast Forwarding (Edge Port) Disabled

PVID 1

“private” (read/write)

Link-up-down events: enabled

10 Mbps half duplex 10 Mbps full duplex 100 Mbps half duplex 100 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

1000 Mbps full duplex Full-duplex flow control disabled Symmetric flow control disabled

(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)

1-6

Function Parameter Default

Acceptable Frame Type All

Ingress Filtering Disabled

Switchport Mode (Egress Mode)

Traffic Prioritization Ingress Port Priority 0

Weighted Round Robin Queue: 0:1

IP Precedence Priority Disabled

IP DSCP Priority Disabled

IP Settings IP Address 0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0

Default Gateway 0.0.0.0

DHCP Client: Disabled

BOOTP Disabled

DNS Server Lookup Disabled

Multicast Filtering IGMP Snooping Snooping: Enabled

System Log Status Enabled

Messages Logged Levels 0-7 (all)

Messages Logged to Flash Levels 0-3

SMTP Email Alerts Event Handler Disabled

SNTP Clock Synchronization Disabled

Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames

1:4 2:16 3:64

Querier: Enabled

System Defaults

1-7

Introduction

1-8

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a Web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI).

Note: The IP address for this switch is assigned by DHCP by default. To change this

address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

The switch’s HTTP Web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor port connections, and display statistics using a standard Web browser such as Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher. The switch’s Web management interface can be accessed from any computer attached to the network.

The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.

The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any system in the network using network management software such as HP OpenView.

The switch’s Web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions:

• Set user names and passwords for up to 16 users

• Set an IP interface for a management VLAN

• Configure SNMP parameters

• Enable/disable any port

• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port

• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates

• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

• Configure IGMP multicast filtering

• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP

• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP

• Configure Spanning Tree parameters

• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing

• Configure one trunk with two Gigabit optional module ports

• Enable port mirroring

2-1

Initial Configuration

• Globally set broadcast storm control

• Display system information and statistics

Required Connections

The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is provided with the switch.

Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide.

To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:

1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running

terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the DB-9 connector.

2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.

3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:

• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).

• Set to any of the following baud rates: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 (Note: Set to 9600 baud if want to view all the system initialization messages.)

• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.

• Set flow control to none.

• Set the emulation mode to VT100.

• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.

Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft® Windows® 2000, make sure that

you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information on Windows 2000 service packs.

2. Refer to “Line Commands” on page 4-9 for a complete description of console configuration options.

3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be displayed.

For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-8.

2-2

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.

The IP address for this switch is assigned by DHCP by default. To manually configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.

Note: This switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions.

After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or from a network computer using SNMP network management software.

Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To

access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use SNMP-based network management software.

Basic Configuration

Console Connection

The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.

Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these steps:

1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access Verification” procedure starts.

2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”

3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not displayed on the console screen.)

4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating you have access at the Privileged Exec level.

2-3

Initial Configuration

Setting Passwords

Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new

passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place.

Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:

1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level.

2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level, where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.

Username: admin Password:

CLI session with the VDSL 4Band Switch is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].

Console#configure Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password] Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password] Console(config)#

Setting an IP Address

You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:

Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.

Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network.

Manual Configuration

You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that exist on another network segment. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

Note: The IP address for this switch is assigned by DHCP by default.

2-4

Basic Configuration

Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following information from your network administrator:

• IP address for the switch

• Default gateway for the network

• Network mask for this network

To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.

3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.

4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)#

Dynamic Configuration

If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp restart client” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.

To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:

1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.

2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:

• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.

• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.

3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.

4. Type “ip dhcp restart client” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press <Enter>.

2-5

Initial Configuration

5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the “show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.

6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.

Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart client Console#show ip interface IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: User specified. Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

\Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Enabling SNMP Management Access

The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP traps.

When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.

Community Strings

Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users or user groups, and set the access level.

The default strings are:

• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to

retrieve MIB objects.

• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both

retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Note: If you do not intend to utilize SNMP, we recommend that you delete both of the

default community strings. If there are no community strings, then SNMP management access to the switch is disabled.

To prevent unauthorized access to the switch via SNMP, it is recommended that you change the default community strings.

2-6

Basic Configuration

To configure a community string, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that the default mode is read only.)

2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,” where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)#

Trap Receivers

You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch.

To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps:

1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type “snmp-server host host-address community-string,” where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver and “community-string” is the string associated with that host. Press <Enter>.

2. In order to configure the switch to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server enable traps command. Type “snmp-server enable traps type,” where “type” is either authentication or link-up-down. Press <Enter>.

Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps link-up-down Console(config)#

Saving Configuration Settings

Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up configuration file using the “copy” command.

To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:

1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config startup-config” and press <Enter>.

2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.

Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming. \Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#

2-7

Initial Configuration

Managing System Files

The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, Web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.

The three types of files are:

• Configuration — This file stores system configuration information and is created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for backup. A file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. See “Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-16 for more information.

• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and Web management interfaces. See “Managing Firmware” on page 3-14 for more information.

• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as POST (Power On Self-Test).

Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows.

In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.

Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config, the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the running-config to a permanent file.

2-8

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

This switch provides an embedded HTTP Web agent. Using a Web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The Web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard Web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).

Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a

serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using the CLI, refer to Chapter 4: “Command Line Interface.”

Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks:

1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway

using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-4.)

2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access

to the Web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the onboard configuration program. (See “Setting Passwords” on page 2-4.)

3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system

configuration program.

Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third

failed attempt the current connection is terminated.

2. If you log into the Web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.

3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings” on page 3-84.

3-1

Configuring the Switch

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.”

Home Page

When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and statistics.

Configuration Options

Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply or Apply Changes button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons.

Button Action

Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to

Refresh Immediately updates values for the current page.

Apply Sets specified values to the system.

Apply Changes Sets specified values to the system.

3-2

pressing Apply or Apply Changes.

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is

configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General / Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”

2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh button.

Panel Display

The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The items in the Mode drop-down menu are:

Item Description Values

Active Displays the link status of the ports Green — Link Up, Blue — Link Down

Duplex Displays the duplex mode of the ports Green — Disabled, Blue — Enabled

Switch Information Shows port flow control status Green — Half Duplex, Blue — Full Duplex

Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Configuration page as described on page 3-42.

Main Menu

Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.

Menu Description Page

System 3-7

System Information Provides basic system description, including contact information 3-7

Switch Information Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version

Bridge Extension Shows the bridge extension parameters 3-10

IP Configuration Sets the IP address for management access 3-11

Fan Status Displays the status of the switch fans 3-14

Firmware Manages code image files 3-14

Configuration Manages switch configuration files 3-16

Reset Restarts the switch 3-18

numbers, and power status

3-9

3-3

Configuring the Switch

Menu Description Page

SNTP 3-18

Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a

Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-19

SNMP 3-20

Configuration Configures community strings and related trap functions 3-21

IP Filtering Sets IP addresses of clients allowed management access 3-23

Security 3-24

Passwords Assigns a new password for the current user 3-24

Authentication Settings Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS 3-25

Telnet Settings Enables to the access the onboard configuration program by a

HTTPS Settings Configures secure HTTP settings 3-28

SSH 3-30

Settings Configures Secure Shell server settings 3-30

Host-Key Settings Generates the host key pair (public and private) 3-30

Port Security Configures per port security, including status, response for

802.1x Port authentication 3-33

Information Displays global configuration settings 3-34

Configuration Configures protocol parameters 3-36

Port Configuration Sets the authentication mode for individual ports 3-37

Statistics Displays protocol statistics for the selected port 3-38

Port 3-39

Port Information Displays port connection status 3-39

Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-39

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-42

Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-42

Trunk Membership Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-45

LACP Configuration Allows ports to dynamically join trunks 3-46

Broadcast Control Globally sets the broadcast storm threshold for the switch 3-48

Mirror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 3-49

specified list of servers

VT100 compatible device attached to the server’s serial port.

security breach, and maximum allowed MAC addresses

3-18

3-28

3-31

3-4

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Menu Description Page

Rate Limit 3-50

Input Port Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each port 3-50

Input Trunk Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each trunk 3-50

Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each port 3-50

Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each trunk 3-50

Port Statistics Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-51

VDSL 3-56

Global Configuration Batch assigns profiles for speed and distance range to all the

Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-58

Port Link Status Displays information on the link status of individual VDSL ports 3-61

Port Ethernet Statistics Displays Ethernet statistics for individual switch VDSL ports and

Line Configuration Configures line connection settings 3-65

Interface Information Displays physical interface and channel interface information 3-66

Performance Monitor Information

Performance Monitor History Displays line and channel performance data information during

Address Table 3-73

Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-73

Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-74

Address Aging Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries 3-75

Spanning Tree 3-76

STA 3-76

Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 3-77

Configuration Configures global bridge settings for STA and RSTP 3-79

Port Information Displays individual port settings for STA 3-81

Trunk Information Displays individual trunk settings for STA 3-81

Port Configuration Configures individual port settings for STA 3-84

Trunk Configuration Configures individual trunk settings for STA 3-84

VDSL ports on the switch

linked CPE Ethernet ports

Displays line and channel performance data information since the switch was last reset, during the current 15 minute interval, and during the current day.

selected 15 minute intervals over the last 24 hours of switch operation, and during selected 1-day intervals from the current day to 30 days ago.

3-56

3-63

3-69

3-72

3-5

Configuring the Switch

Menu Description Page

VLAN 3-86

802.1Q VLAN 3-86

Basic Information Displays information on the VLAN type supported by this switch 3-88

Current Table Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or

Static List Used to create or remove VLAN groups 3-91

Static Table Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN 3-92

Static Membership Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged,

Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-94

Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-94

Private VLAN 3-96

Private VLAN Status Enables or disables the Private VLAN feature 3-97

Private VLAN Link Status Configures ports as downlink or uplink ports. Traffic from

Priority 3-98

Default Port Priority Sets the default priority for each port 3-98

Default Trunk Priority Sets the default priority for each trunk 3-98

Traffic Classes Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues 3-100

Traffic Classes Status Enables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented) NA

Queue Mode Sets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin 3-101

Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-102

IP Precedence/ DSCP Priority Status

IP Precedence Priority Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to

IP DSCP Priority Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a

IP Port Priority Status Enables/disables Port Priority status 3-107

IP Port Priority Maps IP ports (TCP/UDP ports) to the switch’s 4 traffic class

Copy Settings Allows you to copy the priority settings from a selected port or

not the port is tagged or untagged

untagged or forbidden

downlink ports can only be forwarded to, and from, the uplink ports

Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.

a class-of-service value

DSCP tag to a class-of-service value

queues

trunk to another selected port or trunk

3-103

3-104

3-105

3-107

3-108

3-89

3-93

3-97

3-6

Basic Configuration

Menu Description Page

IGMP Snooping 3-109

IGMP Configuration Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast

Multicast Router Port Information

Static Multicast Router Port Configuration

IP Multicast Registration Table

IGMP Member Port Table Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected

query

Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router for each VLAN ID

Assigns ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast router 3-112

Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID

VLAN

3-110

3-111

3-113

3-114

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information.

Field Attributes

• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.

• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.

• Location – Specifies the system location.

• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.

• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.

These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.

• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.

• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.

• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.

• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test

3-7

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)

CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.

Console(config)#hostname VS-4512 4-23 Console(config)#snmp-server location R&D 4-77 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Geoff 4-77 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-53 System description: VS-4512 System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.13.4 System information System Up time: 0 days, 6 hours, 7 minutes, and 9.51 seconds System Name : VS-4512 System Location : R&D System Contact : Geoff MAC address : 00-01-00-02-00-03 Web server : enable Web server port : 80 Web secure server : enable Web secure server port : 443 Telnet server : enable POST result

DUMMY Test 1.................PASS

UART LOOP BACK Test..........PASS

DRAM Test....................PASS

Timer Test...................PASS

RTC Test.....................PASS

PCI Device Test............PASS

Firmware DownloadPASS

Switch Int Loopback test.....PASS

Done All Pass.logy change notification. Console#

3-8

Basic Configuration

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system.

Field Attributes

Main Board

• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.

• Number of Ports – Number of built-in RJ-45 ports and expansion ports.

• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.

• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.

• Redundant Power Status* – Displays the status of the redundant power supply. This will display as “not present” since this switch has no redundant power supply.

* CLI only.

Management Software

• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.

• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.

• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.

• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master (i.e., operating stand-alone).

Expansion Slot

• Expansion Slot 1/2 – Slots for extender modules.

Web – Click System, Switch Information.

3-9

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Use the following command to display version information.

Console#show version 4-54 Unit1 Serial number : Service tag : Hardware version : Module A type :not present Module B type :not present Number of ports :12 Main power status : Redundant power status : Agent(master) Unit id :1 Loader version :2.0.0.2 Boot rom version :2.0.1.9 Operation code version :1.0.3.5 Console#

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to display default settings for the key variables.

Field Attributes

• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration Protocol).

• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic classes. (Refer to “Class of Service Configuration” on page 3-98.) Note that Traffic classes is always enabled in this switch, it cannot be disabled.

• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and multicast addresses. (Refer to “Setting Static Addresses” on page 3-73.)

• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each port maintains its own filtering database.

• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-86.)

• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic multicast filtering.

3-10

Basic Configuration

Web – Click System, Bridge Extension.

CLI – Enter the following command.

Console#show bridge-ext 4-146 Max support vlan numbers: 255 Max support vlan ID: 4093 Extended multicast filtering services: No Static entry individual port: Yes VLAN learning: IVL Configurable PVID tagging: Yes Local VLAN capable: Yes Traffic classes: Enabled GMRP: Disabled Console#

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

An IP address may be used for management access to the switch over your network. By default, the switch uses DHCP to assign IP settings to VLAN 1 on the switch. If you wish to manually configure IP settings, you need to change the switch’s user-specified defaults (IP address 0.0.0.0 and netmask 255.0.0.0) to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist on another network segment.

You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server when it is powered on. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.

3-11

Configuring the Switch

Command Attributes

• Management VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4093, no leading zeroes). By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.

• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)

• IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)

• Gateway IP Address – IP address of the gateway router between this device and management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)

• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.

Manual Configuration

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Select the VLAN through which the

management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway, then click Apply.

3-12

Basic Configuration

CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-84 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 4-167 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.253 4-168 Console(config)#

Using DHCP/BOOTP

If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services.

Web – Click System, IP Configuration. Specify the VLAN to which the management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset.

Note: If you lose your management connection, use a console connection and enter

“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.

CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the ip dhcp restart command.

Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-84 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-167 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart 4-83 Console#show ip interface 4-168 IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: DHCP. Console#

3-13

Configuring the Switch

Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.

Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP service via the web interface if the current address is still available.

CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.

Console#ip dhcp restart 4-83 Console#

Fan Status

The status of the switch fans can be displayed.

Web – Click System, Fan Status.

Managing Firmware

You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. The drop down menu in the web interface allows you to specify the method of file transfer.

Command Attributes

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Name – of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

• Destination/Startup File Name – Allows specification of filenames already in memory, or the creation of a new filename. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

• Source File Name – Allows you to specify the name of the chosen source file.

The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /),

3-14

the leading letter

Basic Configuration

Note: Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored

in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this file cannot be deleted.

Downloading System Software from a Server

When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.

Web – Click System, Firmware. Enter the source and destination file names with any other relevant details such as the IP address of the TFTP server if used, and click Transfer from Server.

If you download to a new destination file, then select the file from the drop-down box for the operation code used at startup, and click Apply Changes. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

To remove an operating code file, select the file from the drop-down list and click Remove File.

3-15

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select “config” or “opcode” file type, then enter the source and destination file names, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp file 4-55 TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Choose file type:

1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: M100000.bix Destination file name: V1.0 \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console#config Console(config)#boot system opcode:V1.0 4-59 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-20

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server. The configuration file can be later downloaded to restore the switch’s settings.

Command Attributes

• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.

• File Name

– The configuration file name should not contain slashes (\ or /), leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)

Note: The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by

available flash memory space.

the

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.

Web – Click System, Configuration. Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, enter the name of the file to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name, and then click Transfer from Server.

3-16

Basic Configuration

Setting the Startup Configuration File

If you download to a new file name, select the new file from the drop-down list for Startup Configuration File, and press Apply Changes. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.

CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server, set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-55 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: config-1 Startup configuration file name [] : startup \Write to FLASH Programming.

-Write to FLASH finish. Success.

Console#reload

Copying the Running Configuration to a File

You can copy the running configuration to a file.

If you download the startup configuration file under a new file name, you can set this file as the startup file at a later time, and then restart the switch.

Console#copy tftp startup-config 4-55 TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19 Source configuration file name: startup2.0 Startup configuration file name [startup] : startup2.0 / Console#config Console(config)#boot system config: startup-new 4- 59 Console(config)#exit Console#reload 4-20

3-17

Configuring the Switch

Resetting the System

Web – Click System, Reset. Click the Reset button to restart the switch.

CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch.

Console#reload 4-20 System will be restarted, continue <y/n>?

Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.

Setting the System Clock

Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See “calendar set” on page 48.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the time from the factory default set at the last bootup.

This switch acts as an SNTP client in two modes:

Unicast – The switch periodically sends a request for a time update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.

Broadcast – The switch sets its clock from a time server in the same subnet that broadcasts time updates. If there is more than one SNTP server, the switch accepts the first broadcast it detects and ignores broadcasts from other servers.

Configuring SNTP

You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to specific time servers (i.e., client mode), update its clock using information broadcast from time servers, or use both methods. When both methods are enabled, the switch will update its clock using information broadcast from time servers, but will query the specified server(s) if a broadcast is not received within the polling interval.

Command Attributes

• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client. This mode requires at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field.

• SNTP Broadcast Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP broadcast client.

3-18

Basic Configuration

• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server when set to SNTP Client mode. (Range: 16-16284 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)

• SNTP Server – In unicast mode, sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence.

Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply.

CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client and as an SNTP broadcast client.

Console(config)#sntp client 4-44 Console(config)#sntp poll 16 4-46 Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2 4-45 Console(config)#sntp broadcast client 4-47 Console(config)#

Setting the Time Zone

SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.

Command Attributes

• Current Time – Displays the current time.

• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone.

• Hours (0-12) – The number of hours before/after UTC.

• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.

• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.

3-19

Configuring the Switch

Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to the UTC, and click Apply.

CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.

Console(config)#clock timezone Dhaka hours 6 minute 0 after-UTC 4-48 Console#

Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.

The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent that continuously monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using software such as HP OpenView. Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings, trap functions, and restricting access to clients with specified IP addresses are described in the following sections.

3-20

Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting Community Access Strings

You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the default strings.

Command Attributes

• SNMP Community Capability – Indicates that the switch supports up to five community strings.

• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits access to the SNMP protocol.

Default strings: “public” (read-only access), “private” (read/write access) Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive

• Access Mode

- Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations

are only able to retrieve MIB objects.

- Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations

are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects.

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.

CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.

Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw 4-7 6 Console(config)#

3-21

Configuring the Switch

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management platforms such as HP OpenView. You can specify up to five management stations that will receive authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.

Command Attributes

• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.

• Trap Manager IP Address – Internet address of the host (the targeted recipient).

• Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)

• Trap Version – Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1 or v2c traps. (The default is version 1.)

• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a trap message whenever an invalid community string is submitted during the SNMP access authentication process. (The default is enabled.)

• Enable Link-up and Link-down Traps – Issues link-up or link-down traps. (The default is enabled.)

Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Fill in the IP address and community string for each trap manager that will receive these messages, specify the SNMP version, mark the trap types required, and then click Add.

CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables both authentication and link-up, link-down traps.

Console(config)#snmp-server host 192.168.1.19 private version 2c 4-78 Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps 4-79

3-22

Simple Network Management Protocol

Filtering Addresses for SNMP Client Access

The switch allows you to create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed access to the switch via SNMP management software.

Command Usage

• To specify the clients allowed SNMP access, enter an IP address along with a subnet mask to identify a specific host or a range of valid addresses. For example:

- IP address 192.168.1.1 and mask 255.255.255.255 –

Specifies a valid IP address of 192.168.1.1 for a single client.

- IP address 192.168.1.1 and mask 255.255.255.0 –

Specifies a valid IP address group from 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.254.

• IP filtering only restricts management access for clients running SNMP management software such as HP OpenView. It does not affect management access to the switch using the web interface or Telnet.

• The default setting is null, which allows all IP groups SNMP access to the switch. If one or more IP addresses are configured, IP filtering is enabled and only addresses listed in this table will have SNMP access.

Command Attributes

• IP Filter List – Displays a list of the IP address/subnet mask entries currently configured for SNMP access.

• IP address – Specifies a new IP address to add to the IP Filter List.

• Subnet Mask – Specifies a single IP address or group of addresses. If the IP is the address of a single management station, set the mask to 255.255.255.255. Otherwise, an IP address group will be specified by any other mask.

Web – Click SNMP, IP Filtering. To add a client, enter the new address, the subnet mask for a node or an address range, and then click “Add IP Filtering Entry.”

3-23

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example allows SNMP access for a specific client.

Console(config)#snmp ip filter 10.1.2.3 255.255.255.255 4-80 Console(config)#

User Authentication.

Use the Passwords or RADIUS/TACACS+ menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch (Passwords menu), or you can use a remote access authentication server based on the RADIUS/TACACS+ protocol. You can also use IEEE 802.1x port authentication to control access to specific ports (dot1X menu).

Configuring the Logon Password

The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place.

The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.” Note that user names can only be assigned via the CLI.

Command Attributes

• User Name* – The name of the user.

(Maximum length: 8 characters; maximum number of users: 5)

• Access Level* – Specifies the user level.

(Options: Normal and Privileged)

• Password – Specifies the user password. (Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)

* CLI only.

Web – Click Security, Passwords. Enter the old password, enter the new password, confirm it by entering it again, then click Apply.

3-24

User Authentication.

CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the password.

Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 4-24 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)#

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on RADIUS or TACACS+ protocols.

Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS) and Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) are logon authentication protocols that use software running on a central server to control access to RADIUS-aware or TACACS

-aware devices on the network. An authentication server contains a database of multiple user name/

Web Telnet

RADIUS/ TACACS+ server

1. Client attempts management access.

2. Switch contacts authentication server.

3. Authentication server challenges client.

4. Client responds with proper password or key.

5. Authentication server approves access.

6. Switch grants management access.

password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user that requires management access to the switch.

RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery, while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet.

Command Usage

• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.

• RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level must be configured on the authentication server.

• You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and (3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked.

console

3-25

Configuring the Switch

Command Attributes

Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence

• required:

- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.

- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.

TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only.

- [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three

authentication methods in the indicated sequence.

• RADIUS Settings

- Server IP Address – Address of authentication server. (Default: 10.1.0.1)

- Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for

authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for

client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

- Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch tries to

authenticate logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)

- Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply

from the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)

• TACACS Settings

- Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.11.12.13)

- Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for

authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)

- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for

client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)

Note: The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names

and passwords using the CLI. (See “username” on page 24.)

3-26

User Authentication.

Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected, and click Apply.

CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.

Console(config)#authentication login radius 4-60 Console(config)#radius-server host 192.168.1.25 4-61 Console(config)#radius-server port 181 4-62 Console(config)#radius-server key green 4-62 Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 4-63 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 4-63 Console#show radius-server 4-64 Server IP address: 192.168.1.25 Communication key with radius server: Server port number: 181 Retransmit times: 5 Request timeout: 10 Console(config)#authentication login tacacs 4-60 Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.40 4-64 Console(config)#tacacs-server port 200 4-65 Console(config)#tacacs-server key green 4-65 Console#show tacacs-server 4-66 Server IP address: 10.20.30.40 Communication key with tacacs server: green Server port number: 200 Console(config)#

3-27

Configuring the Switch

Telnet Settings

Telnet access to the switch can be enabled via the Web or CLI.

Web – Click Security, Telnet Settings, then check the checkbox to enable access via Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal).

CLI – This example enables Telnet access to the switch.

Console#config 4-30 Console(config)#ip telnet server Console(config-line)#

Configuring HTTPS

You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface.

Command Usage

• Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch. However, you cannot configure both services to use the same UDP port.

• If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL that you specify in your browser: https://device[:port_number]

• When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way:

- The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate.

- The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the

connection.

- The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting

data.

• The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x or above and Netscape Navigator 4.x or above.

• The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS:

Web Browser Operating System

Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

Netscape Navigator 4.76 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),

• To specify a secure-site certificate, see “Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate” on page 3-29.

Windows 2000, Windows XP

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6

3-28

User Authentication.

Command Attributes

HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server feature on the

• switch.

(Default: Enabled)

•

Change HTTPS Port Number – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS/

SSL connection to the switch’s web interface. (Default: Port 443)

Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number, then click Apply.

CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.

Console(config)#ip http secure-server 4-29 Console(config)#ip http secure-port 441 4-30 Console(config)#

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate

When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that Netscape and Internet Explorer display will be associated with a warning that the site is not recognized as a secure site. This is because the certificate has not been signed by an approved certification authority. If you want this warning to be replaced by a message confirming that the connection to the switch is secure, you must obtain a unique certificate and a private key and password from a recognized certification authority.

Caution: For maximum security, we recommend you obtain a unique Secure Sockets

Layer certificate at the earliest opportunity. This is because the default certificate for the switch is not unique to the hardware you have purchased.

When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default (unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one:

Console#copy tftp https-certificate 4-55 TFTP server ip address: <server ip-address> Source certificate file name: <certificate file name> Source private file name: <private key file name> Private password: <password for private key>

Note: The switch must be reset for the new certificate to be activated. To reset the

switch, type:

Console#reload

3-29

Configuring the Switch

Configuring the Secure Shell

The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as, rsh (remote shell), and rexec (remote execute), are not secure from hostile attacks.

The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH provides remote management access via encrypted paths between the switch and SSH-enabled management station clients. The commands described in this section include commands used to configure the SSH server. However, you also need to install a SSH client on the management station when using this protocol to configure the switch. When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access authentication.

Note: The switch supports only SSH Version 1.5.

Command Attributes

• SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server feature on the switch. (Default: Enabled)

• SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt.

• (Range: 1 to 120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds)

• SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3)

Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication parameters as required, then click Apply.

3-30

User Authentication.

CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via SHH, and then disabled this connection.

Console(config)#ip ssh server 4-31 Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100 4-35 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5 4-33 Console(config)# Console#show ip ssh 4-34 Information of secure shell SSH status: enable SSH authentication timeout: 100 SSH authentication retries: 5 Console#show ssh 4-35 Information of secure shell Session Username Version Encrypt method Negotiation state

------- -------- ------- -------------- -----------------

0 admin 1.5 cipher-3des session-started Console#disconnect ssh 0 4-16 Console#

Configuring Port Security

Port security is a feature that allows you to configure a switch port with one or more device MAC addresses that are authorized to access the network through that port.

When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified port. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted as authorized to access the network through that port. If a device with an unauthorized MAC address attempts to use the switch port, the intrusion will be detected and the switch can automatically take action by disabling the port and sending a trap message.

To use port security, first allow the switch to dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for frames received on a port for an initial training period, and then enable port security to stop address learning. Be sure you enable the learning function long enough to ensure that all valid VLAN members have been registered on the selected port. Note that you can also restrict the maximum number of addresses that can be learned by a port.

To add new VLAN members at a later time, you can manually add secure addresses with the Static Address Table (page 3-73), or turn off port learning function long enough for new VLAN members may then be disabled again, if desired, for security.

Command Usage

• A secure port has the following restrictions:

- It cannot use port monitoring.

- It cannot be a multi-VLAN port.

- It cannot be used as a member of a static or dynamic trunk.

- It should not be connected to a network interconnection device.

• If a port is disabled (shut down) due to a security violation, it must be manually re-enabled from the Port/Port Configuration page (page 3-42).

security to reenable the

to be registered. Learning

3-31

Configuring the Switch

Command Attributes

Port – Port number.

•

Action* – The action to be taken when a port security violation is detected:

- None: No action should be taken. (This is the default.)

- Trap: Send an SNMP trap message.

- Shutdown: Disable the port.

- Trap and Shutdown: Send an SNMP trap message and disable the port.

Status – Enables or disables port security on the port. (Default: Disabled)

•

Max MAC Count – The maximum number of MAC addresses that can be

learned on a port. (Range: 0 - 20)

* These actions can only be taken through CLI commands.

Web – Click Security, Port Security. Set the action to take when an invalid address is detected on a port, select Enabled from the drop-down list in the Status column to enable security for a port, set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port, and click Apply.

CLI – This example sets the command mode to Port 5, sets the port security action to send a trap and disable the port, and then enables port security for the switch.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown 4-67 Console(config-if)#port security Console(config-if)#

3-32

User Authentication.

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication

Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and possibly gain access to sensitive network data.

The IEEE 802.1x (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit credentials for authentication. Access to all switch ports in a network can be centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the same credentials for authentication from any point within the network.

This switch uses the Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to exchange authentication protocol messages with the client, and a remote RADIUS authentication server to verify user identity and access rights. When a client (i.e., Supplicant) connects to a switch port, the switch (i.e., Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used. The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. The authentication method can be MD5, TLS (Transport Layer Security), TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Security), or other. The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is successful, the switch allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network access is denied and the port remains blocked.

The operation of 802.1x on the switch requires the following:

• The switch must have an IP address assigned.

• RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the RADIUS server specified.

• Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode.

• Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software installed and properly configured.

• The RADIUS server and 802.1x client support EAP. (The switch only supports EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.)

• The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication type – MD5, TLS, TTLS, PEAP, etc. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x client must support it.)

802.1x client

RADIUS server

1. Client attempts to access a switch port.

2. Switch sends client an identity request.

3. Client sends back identity information.

4. Switch forwards this to authentication server.

5. Authentication server challenges client.

6. Client responds with proper credentials.

7. Authentication server approves access.

8. Switch grants client access to this port.

3-33

Configuring the Switch

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings

The dot1x protocol includes global parameters that control the client authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e., authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.

Command Attributes

• 802.1x Re-authentication – Indicates if switch port requires a client to be re-authenticated after a certain period of time.

• 802.1x Max Request Count – The maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session.

• Timeout for Quiet Period – Indicates the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client.

• Timeout for Re-authentication Period – Indicates the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated.

• Timeout for TX Period – The time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet.

• Supplicant timeout – The time the switch waits for a client response to an EAP request.

• Server timeout – The time the switch waits for a response from the authentication server (RADIUS) to an authentication request.

• Re-authentication Max Count – The number of times the switch will attempt to re-authenticate a connected client before the port becomes unauthorized.

Web – Click Security, 802.1x, Information.

3-34

User Authentication.

CLI – This example shows the default protocol settings for 802.1x. For a description of the additional entries displayed in the CLI, See “show dot1x” on page 73.

Console#show dot1x 4-73 Global 802.1X Parameters reauth-enabled: yes reauth-period: 300 quiet-period: 350 tx-period: 300 supp-timeout: 30 server-timeout: 30 reauth-max: 2 max-req: 2

802.1X Port Summary

Port Name Status Operation Mode Mode Authorized 1/1 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a 1/2 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized n/a .

. . 1/11 disabled Single-Host ForceAuthorized yes

1/12 enabled Single-Host Auto yes

802.1X Port Details

802.1X is disabled on port 1

. . .

802.1X is enabled on port 12

Status Unauthorized Operation mode Single-Host Max count 5 Port-control Auto Supplicant 00-00-00-00-00-00 Current Identifier 0

Authenticator State Machine State Connecting Reauth Count 3

Backend State Machine State Idle Request Count 0 Identifier(Server) 0

Reauthentication State Machine State Initialize Console#

3-35

Configuring the Switch

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings

Command Attributes

• 802.1x Re-authentication – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval specified by the Timeout for Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect if a new device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled)

• 802.1x Max Request Count – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. (Range: 1-10; Default 2)

• Timeout for Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the dot1X Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds)

• Timeout for Re-authentication Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 3600 seconds)

• Timeout for TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds)

• authentication dot1x default* – Sets the default authentication server type. Note that the specified authentication server type must be enabled and properly configured for dot1x to function properly. (Options: radius).

* CLI only.

Web – Select Security, 802.1x, Configuration. Enable dot1x globally for the switch, modify any of the parameters required, and then click Apply.

3-36

User Authentication.

CLI

– This enables re-authentication and sets all of the global parameters for 802.1x

Console(config)#dot1x re-authentication 4-71 Console(config)#dot1x max-req 5 4-69 Console(config)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 40 4-71 Console(config)#dot1x timeout re-auth 5 4-72 Console(config)#dot1x timeout tx-period 40 4-72 Console(config)#authentication dot1x default radius 4-69 Console(config)#

Configuring Port Authorization Mode

When dot1x is enabled, you need to specify the dot1x authentication mode configured for each port.

Command Attributes

• Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port.

• Operation Mode – Allows single or multiple hosts (clients) to connect to an

802.1X-authorized port. (Range: Single-Host, Multi-Host; Default: Single-Host)

• Max Count – The maximum number of hosts that can connect to a port when the Multi-Host operation mode is selected. (Range: 1-20; Default: 5)

• Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options:

- Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication

server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.

- Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients, either

dot1x-aware or otherwise.

- Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients, either

dot1x-aware or otherwise.

• Authorized

- Yes – Connected client is authorized.

- No – Connected client is not authorized.

- Blank – Displays nothing when dot1x is disabled on a port.

• Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client.

• Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port.

Web – Click Security, 802.1x, Port Configuration. Select the authentication mode from the drop-down box and click Apply.

3-37

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example sets the authentication mode to enable 802.1x on port 2, and allows up to ten clients to connect to this port.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 4-84 Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto 4-70 Console(config-if)#dot1x operation-mode multi-host max-count 10 4-70 Console(config-if)#

Displaying 802.1x Statistics

This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port.

Statistical Values

Parameter Description

Rx EXPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Logoff The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this

Rx EAPOL Total The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received

Rx EAP Resp/Id The number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been received by this

Rx EAP Resp/Oth The number of valid EAP Response frames (other than Resp/Id frames)

Rx EAP LenError The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this

Rx Last EAPOLVer The protocol version number carried in the most recently received EAPOL

Rx Last EAPOLSrc The source MAC address carried in the most recently received EAPOL

Tx EAPOL Total The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by

Tx EAP Req/Id The number of EAP Req/Id frames that have been transmitted by this

Tx EAP Req/Oth The number of EAP Request frames (other than Rq/Id frames) that have

Authenticator.

Authenticator in which the frame type is not recognized.

by this Authenticator.

Authenticator.

that have been received by this Authenticator.

Authenticator in which the Packet Body Length field is invalid.

frame.

this Authenticator.

Authenticator.

been transmitted by this Authenticator.

Web – Select Security, 802.1x, Statistics. Select the required port and then click Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics.

3-38

Port Configuration

CLI – This example displays the 802.1x statistics for port 4.

Console#show dot1x statistics interface ethernet 1/4 4-73

Eth 1/4 Rx: EXPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAPOL EAP EAP EAP Start Logoff Invalid Total Resp/Id Resp/Oth LenError 2 0 0 1007 672 0 0

Last Last EAPOLVer EAPOLSrc 1 00-00-E8-98-73-21

Tx: EAPOL EAP EAP Total Req/Id Req/Oth 2017 1005 0 Console#

Port Configuration

Displaying Connection Status

You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and auto-negotiation.

Field Attributes (Web)

Name – Interface label.

•

• Type – Indicates the port type. (1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, or 100BASE-TX)

•

Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled.

•

Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.

3-39

Configuring the Switch

• Max MAC Count – Shows the maximum number of MAC address that can be learned by a port. (0 - 20 addresses)

•

Speed Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.

Flow Control Status – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.

• (IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or None)

• Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled.

• Trunk Member

• Creation

– Shows if port is a trunk member.

– Shows if a trunk is manually configured or dynamically set via

LACP.

1: Port Information only. 2: Trunk Information only

Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information.

Command Attributes (CLI)

Basic information:

Port type – Indicates the port type.

• (1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, or 100BASE-TX)

• MAC address – The physical layer address for this port. (To access this item on the web, see “Setting the Switch’s IP Address” on page 3-11.)

Configuration:

Name – Interface label.

•

• Port admin – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled (i.e., up or down).

•

Speed-duplex

– Shows the current speed and duplex mode. (Auto, or fixed

choice)

• Capabilities – Specifies the capabilities to be advertised for a port during auto-negotiation. (To access this item on the web, see “Configuring Interface Connections” on page 3-48.) The following capabilities are supported.

- 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation

3-40

Port Configuration

- 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation

- Sym - Transmits and receives pause frames for flow control

- FC - Supports flow control

•

Broadcast storm – Shows if broadcast storm control is enabled or disabled.

• Broadcast storm limit – Shows the broadcast storm threshold. (500 - 262143 packets per second)

•

Flow control – Shows if flow control is enabled or disabled.

• LACP

– Shows if LACP is enabled or disabled.

• Port Security – Shows if port security is enabled or disabled.

• Max MAC count

– Shows the maximum number of MAC address that can be

learned by a port. (0 - 20 addresses)

• Port security action – Shows the response to take when a security violation is detected. (none, shutdown, trap, trap-and-shutdown)

• Combo forced mode combination ports

– Shows the forced/preferred port type to use for

21-24. (copper forced, copper preferred auto, SFP forced, SFP

preferred auto)

Current status:

• Link Status – Indicates if the link is up or down.

• Operation speed-duplex – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.

• Port Operation Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.

Flow control type – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.

•

(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or none)

3-41

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 5.

Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/5 4-91 Information of Eth 1/5 Basic information: Port type: 1000T Mac address: 00-30-f1-47-58-46 Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full, Broadcast storm: Enabled Broadcast storm limit: 500 packets/second Flow control: Disabled Lacp: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Combo forced mode: None Current status: Link status: Down Port operation status: Up Operation speed-duplex: 100full Flow control type: None Console#

Configuring Interface Connections

You can use the Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration page to enable/disable an interface, set auto-negotiation and the interface capabilities to advertise, or manually fix the speed, duplex mode, and flow control.

Command Attributes

Name – Allows you to label an interface. (Range: 1-64 characters)

•

• Admin – Allows you to manually disable an interface. You can disable an interface due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also disable an interface for security reasons.

•

Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex mode.

Flow Control – Allows automatic or manual selection of flow control.

•

3-42

Port Configuration

• Autonegotiation (Port Capabilities) – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/ disabled. When auto-negotiation is enabled, you need to specify the capabilities to be advertised. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you can force the settings for speed, mode, and flow control.The following capabilities are supported.

- 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation

- 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation

- 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation

- Sym (Gigabit only) - Check this item to transmit and receive pause frames, or

clear it to auto-negotiate the sender and receiver for asymmetric pause frames. (The current switch chip only supports symmetric pause frames.)

- FC - Supports flow control

Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex operation and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex operation. (Avoid using flow control on a port connected to a hub unless it is actually required to solve a problem. Otherwise back pressure jamming signals may degrade overall performance for the segment attached to the hub.) (Default: Autonegotiation enabled; Advertised capabilities for 1000BASE-T – 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full; 1000BASE-SX/LX/LH – 1000full; 100BASE-TX – 100full)

•

Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. To create trunks and select

port members, see “Creating Trunk Groups” on page 3-44.

Note: Auto-negotiation must be disabled before you can configure or force the interface

to use the Speed/Duplex Mode or Flow Control options.

Web – Click Port, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Modify the required interface settings, and click Apply.

3-43

Configuring the Switch

CLI – Select the interface, and then enter the required settings.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12 4-84 Console(config-if)#description RD SW#12 4-85 Console(config-if)#shutdown 4-89 . Console(config-if)#no shutdown Console(config-if)#no negotiation 4-86 Console(config-if)#speed-duplex 100half 4-85 Console(config-if)#flowcontrol 4-88 . Console(config-if)#negotiation Console(config-if)#capabilities 100half 4-87 Console(config-if)#capabilities 100full Console(config-if)#capabilities flowcontrol Console(config-if)#exit

Creating Trunk Groups

You can create multiple links between devices that work as one virtual, aggregate link. A port trunk offers a dramatic increase in bandwidth for network segments where bottlenecks exist, as well as providing a fault-tolerant link between two devices. You can create one trunk with two Gigabit optional module ports.

The switch supports both static trunking and dynamic Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). Static trunks have to be manually configured at both ends of the link, and the switches must comply with the Cisco EtherChannel standard. On the other hand, LACP configured ports can automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. You can configure two Gigabit optional module ports as LACP, as long as they are not already configured as part of a static trunk. If ports on another device are also configured as LACP, the switch and the other device will negotiate a trunk link between them.

Command Usage

Besides balancing the load across each port in the trunk, the other ports provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk fails. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the web interface or CLI to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends. When using a port trunk, take note of the following points:

• Finish configuring port trunks before you connect the corresponding network cables between switches to avoid creating a loop.

• You can create one trunk with two Gigabit optional module ports.

• The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports.

• When configuring static trunks on switches of different types, they must be compatible with the Cisco EtherChannel standard.

• The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode (i.e., speed, duplex mode and flow control), VLAN assignments, and CoS settings.

• All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN.

• STP, VLAN, and IGMP settings can only be made for the entire trunk.

3-44

Port Configuration

Statically Configuring a Trunk

Command Usage

• When configuring static trunks, you may not be able to link switches of different types, depending on the manufacturer’s implementation. However, note that the static trunks on this switch are Cisco EtherChannel compatible.

• To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure you add a static trunk via the configuration interface before connecting the ports, and also disconnect the ports before removing a static trunk via the configuration interface.

Web – Click Port, Trunk Membership. Enter a trunk ID of 1-6 in the Trunk field, select any of the switch ports from the scroll-down port list, and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply.

active links

statically configured

}

3-45

Configuring the Switch

CLI – This example creates trunk 2 with ports 13 and 14. Just connect these ports to two static trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk.

Console(config)#interface port-channel 1 4-84 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 4-84 Console(config-if)#channel-group 1 4-99 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/14 Console(config-if)#channel-group 1 Console(config-if)#end Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1 4-91 Information of Trunk 1 Basic information: Port type: 1000GBIC Mac address: 00-01-00-02-00-10 Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 1000full, Flow control: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Current status: Created by: User Link status: Down Operation speed-duplex: 1000full Flow control type: None Member Ports: Eth1/13, Eth1/14, Console#

Enabling LACP on Selected Ports

Command Usage

• To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure you enable LACP before connecting the ports, and also disconnect the ports before disabling LACP.

• If the target switch has also enabled LACP on the connected ports, the trunk will be activated

active links

automatically.

• A trunk formed with another switch using LACP will automatically be assigned the next available trunk ID.

• If more than four ports attached to the same target switch have LACP enabled, the additional ports will be placed in standby mode, and will only be enabled if one of the active links fails.

• All ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either by forced mode or auto-negotiation.

dynamically enabled

}

configured members

backup link

3-46

Port Configuration

Web – Click Port, LACP, Configuration. Select switch ports from the scroll-down port list and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply.

CLI – The following example enables LACP for ports 13 and 14. Just connect these ports to LACP-enabled trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 4-84 Console(config-if)#lacp 4-99 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/14 Console(config-if)#lacp Console(config-if)#end Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1 4-91 Information of Trunk 1 Basic information: Port type: 1000GBIC Mac address: 22-22-22-22-22-2d Configuration: Name: Port admin status: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 1000full, Flow control status: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Combo forced mode: None Current status: Created by: Lacp Link status: Up Port operation status: Up Operation speed-duplex: 1000full Flow control type: None Member Ports: Eth1/3, Eth1/14, Console#

3-47

Configuring the Switch

Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds

Broadcast storms may occur when a device on your network is malfunctioning, or if application programs are not well designed or properly configured. If there is too much broadcast traffic on your network, performance can be severely degraded or everything can come to complete halt.

You can protect your network from broadcast storms by setting a threshold for broadcast traffic for each port. Any broadcast packets exceeding the specified threshold will then be dropped.

Command Usage

• Broadcast Storm Control is enabled by default.

• The default threshold is 500 packets per second.

• Broadcast control does not effect IP multicast traffic.

• The specified threshold applies to all ports on the switch.

Command Attributes

• Threshold – Threshold in packets per second. (Options: 500-262143 packets per second; Default: 500 packets per second)

• Broadcast Control Status – Shows whether or not broadcast storm control has been enabled. (Default: Enabled)

Web – Click Port, Broadcast Control. Set the threshold, set Broadcast Control Status to enabled, then click

Apply.

3-48

Port Configuration

CLI – Specify any interface, and then enter the threshold. The following disables broadcast storm control for port 1, and then sets broadcast suppression at 600 packets per second for port 2. This threshold will then apply to all ports with broadcast storm control enabled.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#no switchport broadcast 4-89 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#switchport broadcast packet-rate 600 4-89 Console(config-if)#end Console#show interfaces switchport ethernet 1/2 Information of Eth 1/2 Broadcast threshold: Enabled, 600 packets/second Lacp status: Disabled Ingress rate limit: disable,100M bits per second Egress rate limit: disable,100M bits per second VLAN membership mode: Hybrid Ingress rule: Disabled Acceptable frame type: All frames Native VLAN: 1 Priority for untagged traffic: 0 Allowed Vlan: 1(u), Forbidden Vlan: Console#

Configuring Port Mirroring

You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner.

Command Usage

• Monitor port speed should match or exceed source port speed, otherwise traffic may be dropped from the monitor port.

• All mirror sessions have to share the same destination port.

• When mirroring port traffic, the target port must be included in the same VLAN as the source port.

Command Attributes

• Mirror Sessions – Displays a list of current mirror sessions.

• Source Unit – The switch containing the mirror source port. This switch does not support stacking , so this number will always be 1.

• Source Port – The port whose traffic will be monitored.

• Type – Allows you to select which traffic to mirror to the target port, Rx (receive), Tx (transmit), or Both.

• Target Unit – The switch containing the mirror target port. This switch does not support stacking , so this number will always be 1.

• Target Port – The port that will “duplicate” or “mirror” the traffic on the source port.

Source port(s)

Single target port

3-49

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click Port, Mirror. Specify the source port, the traffic type to be mirrored, and the target port, then click

CLI – Use the interface command to select the monitor port, then use the port monitor command to specify the source port. Note that default mirroring under the CLI is for both received and transmitted packets.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/10 4-84 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/13 4- 95 Console(config-if)#

Add.

Configuring Rate Limits

This function allows the network manager to control the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic coming out of the switch. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.

Rate limiting can be applied to individual ports or trunks. When an interface is configured with this feature, the traffic rate will be monitored by the hardware to verify conformity. Non-conforming traffic is dropped, conforming traffic is forwarded without any changes.

Command Attribute

Rate Limit – Sets the output rate limit for an interface.

Default Status – Disabled

Default Rate – 100 Mbps for ports 1-12, 1000 Mbps for ports 13-14 with Gigabit

modules installed.

Range – 1 - 1000 Mbps

3-50

Port Configuration

Web - Click Rate Limit, Input/Output Port/Trunk Configuration. Set the Input Rate Limit Status or Output Rate Limit Status, then set the rate limit for the individual interfaces, and click Apply.

CLI - This example sets the rate limit for input and output traffic passing through port 1 to 50 Mbps.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#rate-limit input 50 4-97 Console(config-if)#rate-limit output 50 4-97 Console(config-if)#

Showing Port Statistics

You can display standard statistics on network traffic from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet-like MIBs, as well as a detailed breakdown of traffic based on the RMON MIB. Interfaces and Ethernet-like statistics display errors on the traffic passing through each port. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading). RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics, including a total count of different frame types and sizes passing through each port. All values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot, and are shown as counts per second. Statistics are refreshed every 60 seconds by default.

Note: RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management

software such as HP OpenView.

3-51

Configuring the Switch

Statistical Values

Parameter Description

Interface Statistics

Received Octets The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing

Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer

Received Multicast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)layer,

Received Broadcast Packets The number of packets, delivered by this sub-layer to a higher (sub-)lay er,

Received Discarded Packets The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even

Received Unknown Packets The number of packets received via the interface which were discarded

Received Errors The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them

Transmit Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including

Transmit Unicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be

Transmit Multicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be

Transmit Broadcast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be

Transmit Discarded Packets The number of outbound packets which were c hosen to be discarded even

Transmit Errors The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of

Etherlike Statistics

Alignment Errors The number of alignment errors (missynchronized data packets).

Late Collisions The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit-times

FCS Errors A count of frames received on a particular interface that are an integral

Excessive Collisions A count of frames for which transmission on a particular interface fails due

characters.

protocol.

which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer.

which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer.

though no errors had been detected to prevent t heir being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.

because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.

from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol.

framing characters.

transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent.

transmitted, and which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer, including those that were discarded or not sent.

transmitted, and which were addressed to a broadcast address at this sub-layer, including those that were discarded or not sent.

though no errors had been detected to prevent their being transmitted. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.

errors.

into the transmission of a packet.

number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check. This count does not include frames received with frame-too-long or frame-too-short error.

to excessive collisions. This counter does not increment when the interface is operating in full-duplex mode.

3-52

Port Configuration

Parameter Description

Single Collision Frames The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is

Internal MAC Transmit Errors A count of frames for which transmission on a particular interface fails due

Multiple Collision Frames A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is

Carrier Sense Errors The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never

SQE Test Errors A count of times th at the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the

Frames Too Long A count of frames received on a particular interface that exceed the

Deferred Transmissions A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular

Internal MAC Receive Errors A count of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to

RMON Statistics

Drop Events The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of

Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets

Received Bytes Total number of bytes of data received on the network. This statistic can

Collisions The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this Ethernet

Received Frames The total number of frames (bad, broadcast and multicast) received.

Broadcast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to the

Multicast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to this

CRC/Alignment Errors The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors).

Undersize Frames The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long

Oversize Frames The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets

Fragments The total number of f rames received that were less than 64 octets in length

inhibited by exactly one collision.

to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error.

inhibited by more than one collision.

asserted when attempting to transmit a frame.

PLS sublayer for a particular interface.

maximum permitted frame size.

interface is delayed because the medium was busy.

an internal MAC sublayer receive error.

resources.

(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error.

be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization.

segment.

broadcast address. Note that this does not include multicast packets.

multicast address.

(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.

(excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and had either an FCS or alignment error.

3-53

Configuring the Switch

Parameter Description

64 Bytes Frames The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and

65-127 Byte Frames 128-255 Byte Frames 256-511 Byte Frames 512-1023 Byte Frames 1024-1518 Byte Frames 1519-1536 Byte Frames

transmitted that were 64 octets in length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).

The total number of frames (including bad packets) received and transmitted where the number of octets fall within the specified range (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets).

Web – Click Port, Port Statistics. Select the required interface, and click Query. You can also use the Refresh button at the bottom of the page to update the screen.

3-54

Port Configuration

CLI – This example shows statistics for port 12.

Console#show interfaces counters ethernet 1/12 4-92 Ethernet 1/12 Iftable stats: Octets input: 868453, Octets output: 3492122 Unicast input: 7315, Unitcast output: 6658 Discard input: 0, Discard output: 0 Error input: 0, Error output: 0 Unknown protos input: 0, QLen output: 0 Extended iftable stats: Multi-cast input: 0, Multi-cast output: 17027 Broadcast input: 231, Broadcast output: 7 Ether-like stats: Alignment errors: 0, FCS errors: 0 Single Collision frames: 0, Multiple collision frames: 0 SQE Test errors: 0, Deferred transmissions: 0 Late collisions: 0, Excessive collisions: 0 Internal mac transmit errors: 0, Internal mac receive errors: 0 Frame too longs: 0, Carrier sense errors: 0 Symbol errors: 0 RMON stats: Drop events: 0, Octets: 4422579, Packets: 31552 Broadcast pkts: 238, Multi-cast pkts: 17033 Undersize pkts: 0, Oversize pkts: 0 Fragments: 0, Jabbers: 0 CRC align errors: 0, Collisions: 0 Packet size <= 64 octets: 25568, Packet size 65 to 127 octets: 1616 Packet size 128 to 255 octets: 1249, Packet size 256 to 511 octets: 1449

Packet size 512 to 1023 octets: 802, Packet size 1024 to 1518 octets: 871

3-55

Configuring the Switch

VDSL Configuration

You can configure and display communication parameters for VDSL and Ethernet ports on the switch and connected CPEs.

VDSL Global Configuration

This Web page assigns the same profile to each VDSL switch port. Details of these profiles are given in the table below.

Profile Name ProfileType Downstream Rate

(Mbps)

Default Public 1.20 1.40

A1-02OAG-R1 Public 7.56 2.43

A2-02OAG-R1 Public 10.80 2.43

A3-01OAG-R1 Public 17.28 3.78

A4-01OAG-R1 Public 25.92 4.72

S1-03OAG-R1 Public 7.56 7.56

S2-03OAG-R1 Public 10.80 10.40

S3-00OAG-R1 Public 17.28 16.47

S1-16-16 Private 16.74 16.20

S2-16-16A Private 16.74 16.20

A1-34-11 Private 33.75 11.34

A2-34-11A Private 33.75 11.34

A3-25-3 Private 25.38 3.24

A4-45-5 Private 44.55 5.13

A5-50-7 Private 50.49 7.29

A6-22-3A Private 22.55 3.24

A7-40-5A Private 40.91 5.13

A8-46-7A Private 46.44 7.29

TLAN Private 17.01 5.40

Max-Rate Private 71.28 40.50

Upstream Rate (Mbps)

Notes: 1. The VDSL Intelligent Switch uses Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM), a

VDSL-based technology.

2. A suffix of “A” in the profile name (e.g., S2-16-16A) indicate that this profile is for both VDSL and ADSL lines in a bundle. Profiles without a suffix of “A” in the profile name (e.g., S1-16-16) are for VDSL lines only.

3. The following profiles are recommended for use with this switch: S1-16-16, S2-16-16A, A1-34-11, and A2-34-11A.

3-56

VDSL Configuration

4. The maximum distances for VDSL links using the recommended profiles are:

Upstream Downstream Mode Max. Range

16 Mbps 16 Mbps Symmetric 600m (1970 ft)

11 Mbps 34 Mbps Asymetric 610m (2000 ft)

5. Type-1 26 AWG (100 ohm)/0.4 mm, or Type-2 24 AWG (100 ohm)/0.5 mm cable may be installed to achieve the maximum distance. However, typically, 24 AWG (100 ohm)/0.5 mm wire is better than 26 AWG (100 ohm)/0.4 mm wire. Note that the distance may be limited by factors such as how the cable is bundled, and the interference and noise on the link.

6. Public profiles conform to specific standards such as ANSI or ETSI. Private profiles do not conform to these standards.

Command Attributes

• Profile Name – The name for the specific set of communication parameters.

• Profile Type – Public profiles are those that meet specific standards e.g., ETSI or ANSI. Private profiles do not meet these standards. The ports on a VDSL switch can be assigned the same or different profiles.

• Downstream Rate

– Rate of data transmission from the switch to the CPE.

• Upstream Rate – Rate of data transmission from the CPE to the switch.

Web – Click VDSL, Global Configuration, and select a profile from the drop-down list.

CLI – This example shows how to configure all VDSL ports on the switch to profile S1-16-16.

Example

Console#config Console(config)#efm profile global S1-16-16 4-102 Console(config)#

3-57

Configuring the Switch

VDSL Port Configuration

You can enable/disable a selected port, enable/disable Remote Digital Loopback (RDL), set the optimal transmission rate, and configure a profile for the selected port.

Command Attributes

• Active Status – Check this box to enable the selected port.

• RDL – Check this box to enable Remote Digital Loopback (RDL). Remote Digital Loopback (RDL) tests the link between the switch and the CPE by sending out, and returning data through the CPE, over the VDSL link (see “efm rdl” on page 4-105). (Default: Disabled)

• Profile – Configures a profile for the selected port.

• PBO – Enables/disables power back-off on the selected port. If PBO is enabled the power of transmission from the port will automatically be adjusted to ensure that the signal successfully reaches the receive port.

• Rate Adaptation – The data rate on a VDSL line can be affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and electro-magnetic radiation. When rate adaption is enabled, the switch will determine the optimal transmission rate for the current conditions.

• Noise Margin – When rate adaptation is enabled, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is an indicator of link quality. The switch itself has no internal functions to ensure link quality. To ensure a stable link, you should add a margin to the theoretical minimum Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The table below lists theoretical ninimum SNR’s for the VDSL profiles configurable on this switch.

Profile Name Theoretical Minimum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB)

DS1 DS2 US1 US2

Default 10 Not Used 10 Not Used

A1-02OAG-R1 17 Not Used 14 Not Used

A2-02OAG-R1 20 Not Used 14 Not Used

A3-01OAG-R1 23 10 17 Not Used

A4-01OAG-R1 26 20 20 Not Used

S1-03OAG-R1 17 Not Used 20 10

S2-03OAG-R1 20 Not Used 20 14

S3-00OAG-R1 23 10 23 20

S1-16-16 20 10 20 17

A1-34-11 29 20 17 14

S2-16-16A 20 10 20 17

A2-34-11A29201714

A3-25-3 26 10 17 Not used

A4-45-5 32 23 17 10

3-58

VDSL Configuration

Profile Name Theoretical Minimum Signal-to-Noise Ratio (dB)

DS1 DS2 US1 US2

A5-50-7 35262314

A6-22-3A 26 10 17 10

A7-40-5A 32 23 17 Not Used

A8-46-7A 35 26 23 14

TLAN 32 10 29 10

Max-Rate 41 41 41 41

Noise margins should be configured to a level appropriate to the actual noise

level of the environment. A noisier environment requires a higher noise margin to ensure a stable link. The noise margin only comes into effect after a link is activated. Increasing the noise margin can result in the switch choosing a lower profile. This will provide a link with a longer range but a lower data rate.

Example

The table below gives an example of a noise margin for a given profile and theoretical minimum SNR.

Profile Name Downstream

Rate (Mbps)

S1-16-16 16.74 10 20 6

Upstream Rate (Mbps)

SNR Noise Margin

(dB)

Range; 0-9 dB. Default: 0 dB

• Interleave – Interleaving improves Reed-Solomon error correction when there is pulse noise. A greater degree of interleaving will provide more protection against pulse noise but will increase transmission delay and reduce the effective bandwidth of the link. The degree of interleaving can be increased by increasing the following parameters:

- M – The interleaving depth index. Range: 0-64, Upstream default value: 8, Downstream default value: 16

- I – The interleaver block length. Options: 4 or 8; Upstream default value: 8, Downstream default value: 8

3-59

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click VDSL, Port Configuration. Select a port from the drop-down list, and click Select.

CLI – The following examples show how these features are configured in the CLI.

Examples

The following example disables VDSL port 1.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm shutdown 4-104 Console(config-if)#

The following example shows how to enable/disable RDL on VDSL port 1.

Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm rdl 4-105 Console(config-if)#no efm rdl Console(config-if)#

The following example assigns efm profile S1-16-16 to VDSL port 1.

Console#config Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm profile S1-16-16 4-103 Console(config-if)#

The following example enables power back-off for port 1.

Console#config Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm pbo 4-109 Console(config-if)#

3-60

VDSL Configuration

The following example shows rate adaption enabled for port 1.

Console#config Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm rate-adapt 4-108 Console(config-if)#end Console#

The following example configures VDSL port 1 with an upstream noise margin of 6, and a downstream noise margin of 6.

Console#config Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-84 Console(config-if)#efm noise-margin 6 6 4-107 Console(config-if)#end Console#

The following example configures VDSL port 1 with:

• M - downstream value: 16, Upstream value: 8

• I - downstream value: 8, Upstream value: 8

Console#config Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#efm interleave 16 8 8 8 4- 106 Console(config-if)#end Console#show controllers efm status link Ethernet 1/1 Interface Link SNR (dB) RS Errs Interleaver DS1 DS2 US1 US2 DS.M DS.I US.M US.I PBO

------------- ---- -------------------- -------- ------------------- --Ethernet 1/1 Up 43.0 35.0 45.0 43.0 0 16 8 8 8 on Console#

4-84

VDSL Port Link Status

Command Attributes

• General Status

- Link – Shows the status of the VDSL link.

- Noise Margin – To ensure a stable link, you should add a margin to the theoretical minimum Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For details see “VDSL Port Configuration” on page 3-58. Range: 0-9 dBm. Default: 0 dBm

• PMD

1 Physical Media Dependent

Status

- SNR (dB) –The signal-to-noise ratio of the VDSL line.

- Downstream Rate (Mbps) – The rate at which data is transmitted from the switch to the CPE.

- Upstream Rate (Mbps) – The rate at which data is transmitted from the CPE to the switch.

3-61

Configuring the Switch

- PBO – Indicates the status of the power back-off mechanism (on/off). If PBO is enabled, the power of transmission from the port will automatically be adjusted to ensure that the signal successfully reaches the receive port.

- Rate Adaptation – The data rate on a VDSL line can be affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and electro-magnetic radiation. When rate adaption is enabled, the switch will determine the optimal transmission rate for the current conditions.

• PMS-TC2 Status

- Reed-Solomon Errors – The number of errors in data that have been corrected by the Reed-Solomon code.

- Interleave – Interleaving improves Reed-Solomon error correction when there is pulse noise. A greater degree of interleaving will provide more protection against pulse noise but will increase transmission delay and reduce the effective bandwidth of the link. The degree of interleaving can be increased by increasing the following parameters:

- M – The interleaving depth index.

Range: 0-64, Upstream default value: 8, Downstream default value: 16

- I – The interleaving block length.

Options: 4 or 8; Upstream default value: 8, Downstream default value: 8

2 Physical Medium Specific-Transmission Convergence

Web – Click VDSL, Port Link Status.

3-62

VDSL Configuration

CLI –The following examples show how VDSL link current values are displayed in the CLI.

Examples

The following example displays VDSL link current values on VDSL switch port 2.

Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/2 actual dsrserrs 4-111 Downstream Reed-Solomon errors: 0 Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/2 actual link Link status: Down Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/2 actual rxpower Local receive power: 26.00 dBm/Hz Console#show controller lre Ethernet 1/2 actual snr SNR: 27.00 dB Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/2 actual txpower Remote transmit power: -89.70 dBm/Hz Console#

The following example displays link status, signal-to-noise ratios, Reed-Solomon errors, interleaver parameters and PBO status on VDSL switch port 1.

Console#show controllers efm status link Ethernet 1/1 4-114 Interface Link SNR (dB) RS Errs Interleaver DS1 DS2 US1 US2 DS.M DS.I US.M US.I PBO

------------- ---- -------------------- -------- ------------------- --Ethernet 1/1 Up 43.0 35.0 45.0 43.0 0 16 8 8 8 on Console#

This command displays the downstream and upstream rates of the VDSL port 1.

Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/1 admin usrate 4-112 Upstream rate: 12.50 Mbps Console#show controller efm Ethernet 1/1 admin dsrate Downstream rate: 12.50 Mbps Console#

3-63

Configuring the Switch

Displaying VDSL Port Ethernet Statistics

VDSL Port Ethernet Statistics display key statistics for an interface.

Web – Click VDSL, VDSL Port Ethernet Statistics.

3-64

VDSL Configuration

CLI – Use the show interfaces counters command.

Example

Console#show interfaces counters ethernet 1/11 4-92 Ethernet 1/11 Iftable stats: Octets input: 19648, Octets output: 714944 Unitcast input: 0, Unitcast output: 0 Discard input: 0, Discard output: 0 Error input: 0, Error output: 0 Unknown protos input: 0, QLen output: 0 Extended iftable stats: Multi-cast input: 0, Multi-cast output: 10524 Broadcast input: 136, Broadcast output: 0 Ether-like stats: Alignment errors: 0, FCS errors: 0 Single Collision frames: 0, Multiple collision frames: 0 SQE Test errors: 0, Deferred transmissions: 0 Late collisions: 0, Excessive collisions: 0 Internal mac transmit errors: 0, Internal mac receive errors: 0 Frame too longs: 0, Carrier sense errors: 0 Symbol errors: 0 RMON stats: Drop events: 0, Octets: 734720, Packets: 10661 Broadcast pkts: 136, Multi-cast pkts: 10525 Undersize pkts: 0, Oversize pkts: 0 Fragments: 0, Jabbers: 0 CRC align errors: 0, Collisions: 0 Packet size <= 64 octets: 9877, Packet size 65 to 127 octets: 93 Packet size 128 to 255 octets: 691, Packet size 256 to 511 octets: 0 Packet size 512 to 1023 octets: 0, Packet size 1024 to 1518 octets: 0 Console#

VDSL Line Configuration

Command Attributes

• Line – Select the VDSL line for configuration from the drop-down list.

• Local/Remote – In this version this may only be set to Local, indicating that the line configuration applies to the line connection from the switch to the CPE.

• Coding – Specifies the VDSL coding type used on this line.

The types of code are:

1. Others (none of the following)

2. Multiple Carrier Modulation

3. Single Carrier Modulation

• Type – Defines the type of VDSL physical line by defining whether and how the line is channelized.

The types of line are:

1. No channels exist

2. Only fast channels exist

3. Only interleaved channels exists

4. Either fast or interleaved channels exist

5. Both fast and interleaved channels exist

3-65

Configuring the Switch

• Config Profile – In this version, only “DEFVAL” is displayed. In future versions, a drop-down list of all configurable VDSL profiles will be displayed in this field.

• Alarm Config Profile – The alarm profile is pre-configured to send trap messages via SNMP protocol to register errors on the VDSL line.

Web – Click VDSL, Line Configuration. Select the line from the drop-down list, and click Query.

CLI – Use the show controllers efm line-table command.

Example

Console#show controllers efm line-table 4-117 VDSL_LINE_ENTRY : Ethernet 1/1 Line Coding 3 Ethernet 1/1 Line Type 4 Ethernet 1/1 Line Config Profile DEFVAL Ethernet 1/1 Line Alarm Config Profile DEFVAL .

. .

VDSL_LINE_ENTRY : Ethernet 1/12 Line Coding 3 Ethernet 1/12 Line Type 4 Ethernet 1/12 Line Config Profile DEFVAL Ethernet 1/12 Line Alarm Config Profile DEFVAL Console#

Displaying VDSL Interface Information

This Web screen displays physical interface information and channel interface information for a selected VDSL line.

Command Attributes

• Line – Select the VDSL line from the drop-down list.

• Channel – Select Slow or Fast from the drop-down menu. The switch uses the slow channel for data that requires a very low error rate in transmission. The switch uses the fast channel for data such as voice/video signals that require fast delivery, but for which a small error rate is acceptable.

• Side – This only displays Local. All information displayed is for data transmission from the switch to the CPE.

3-66

VDSL Configuration

• Physical Interfaces Information

- Serial Number – A number given by the manufacturer to the item produced. This only displays on the CPE side.

- Vendor ID – The name of the manufacturer of this switch.

- Version Number – The number of the current hardware.

- Current Signal to Noise Ratio Margin – To ensure a stable link, you should add a margin to the theoretical minimum Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For details see “VDSL Port Configuration” on page 3-58. Range: 0-9 dBm Default: 0 dBm

- Current Attenuation – The attenuation of the signal. Units: db

- Current Status – This displays defects in the VDSL line. In the current version, this always displays 0, which means no defects.

- Current Output Power – The total output power transmitted on this line. Units: 0.1 dBm

- Current Attainable Rate – The maximum line data rate using the current profile. Unit: Bits per second

- Current Line Rate – The current line data rate. Unit: Bits per second

• Channel Interface Information

- Interleave Delay – Transmission delay caused by the use of interleaving. Units: Milliseconds

- CRC Block Length – Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) is a number derived from, and transmitted with, data frames in order to detect corruption of data.

- Current Transmit Rate* – The current rate of data transmission.

- Current Transmit Slow Burst Protect* – Actual level of impulse noise

(burst) protection for an interleaved (slow) channel. This parameter is not applicable to fast channels. For fast channels, a value of zero is returned.

- Current Transmit Fast Forward Error Correction* – Actual Forward Error Correction (FEC) redundancy related overhead for a fast channel. This parameter is not applicable to an interleaved (slow) channel. For interleaved channels, a value of zero is returned.

* Not supported in the current version

3-67

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click VDSL, Interface Information. Select Line and Channel from the drop-down lists, and click Query.

CLI – The following examples show how these parameters are displayed in the CLI.

Examples

The following example displays physical interface information for VDSL port 1.

Console#show controllers efm phy-table vtu-c 1/1 4-118 VDSL_PHYS_ENTRY : Ethernet 1/1 Serial Number Ethernet 1/1 Vendor ID ACCTON Ethernet 1/1 Version Number 91 Ethernet 1/1 Current Signal to Noise Ratio Margin 45 Ethernet 1/1 Current Attenuation 54 Ethernet 1/1 Current Status 0 Ethernet 1/1 Current Output Power -12 Ethernet 1/1 Current Attainable Rate 1350000 Ethernet 1/1 Current Line Rate 1350000

Console#

The following example displays channel interface information for VDSL port 1.

Console#show controllers efm channel-table vtu-c 1/1 4-119 VDSL_CHAN_ENTRY :

Ethernet 1/1 Channel Interleave Delay 0 Ethernet 1/1 Channel CRC Block Length 0 Ethernet 1/1 Channel Current Transmit Rate 0 Ethernet 1/1 Channel Current Transmit Slow Burst Protect 0 Ethernet 1/1 Channel Current Transmit Fast Forward Error Correction 0 Console#

3-68

VDSL Configuration

VDSL Performance Monitor Information

This screen displays line and channel performance data information since the switch was last reset, during the current 15 minute interval, and during the current day.

Command Attributes

• Line – Select the VDSL line from the drop-down list.

• Side – This only displays Local. All information displayed is for data transmission from the switch to the CPE.

• Line Performance Data Information

- Loss of Frame (LOF) – Number of seconds that there was loss of framing,

since the switch was last reset, or in the indicated time interval.

- Loss of Signal (LOS) – Number of seconds that there was loss of signal,

since the switch was last reset, or in the indicated time interval.

- Loss of Power – Number of seconds that there was loss of power, since the

switch was last reset, or in the indicated time interval.

- Loss of Link – Number of seconds that there was loss of link, since the switch

was last reset, or in the indicated time interval.

- Errored Second – Number of Errored Seconds since the switch was last

reset, or in the indicated time interval. An Errored Second is a one-second interval containing one or more CRC anomalies, or one or more LOS or LOF defects.

- Severely Errored Second – Number of Severely Errored Seconds since the

switch was last reset, or in the indicated time interval. An Errored Second is a one-second interval containing one or more CRC anomalies, or one or more LOS or LOF defects.

- Unavailable Second – Number of Unavailable Seconds since the switch was

last reset, or in the indicated time interval.

- Init – Number of line initialization attempts since the switch was last reset, or

in the indicated time interval. This count includes both successful and failed attempts.

- Valid intervals – The number of intervals within which no errors have been

detected.

- Invalid Intervals – The number of intervals within which errors have been

detected.

• Channel Performance Data Information

- Current Time Elapsed – The time elapsed in minutes.

- Current Fixed Octet – The number of corrected octets.

- Current Bad Block – The number of uncorrectable blocks.

- Current Valid Interval – The number of intervals within which no errors have

been detected.

- Current invalid Interval – The number of intervals within which errors have

been detected.

3-69

Configuring the Switch

Web – Click VDSL, Performance Monitor Information.

3-70

Accton Technology VS4512, VS4512DC User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Chapter 1: Introduction

Key Features

Description of Software Features

System Defaults

Chapter 2: Initial Configuration

Connecting to the Switch

Configuration Options

Required Connections

Basic Configuration

Remote Connections

Console Connection

Setting Passwords

Setting an IP Address

Manual Configuration

Dynamic Configuration

Enabling SNMP Management Access

Community Strings

Trap Receivers

Saving Configuration Settings

Managing System Files

Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch

Using the Web Interface

Navigating the Web Browser Interface

Home Page

Configuration Options

Panel Display

Main Menu

Basic Configuration

Displaying System Information

Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions

Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

Manual Configuration

Using DHCP/BOOTP

Fan Status

Managing Firmware

Downloading System Software from a Server

Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings

Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server

Setting the Startup Configuration File

Copying the Running Configuration to a File

Resetting the System

Setting the System Clock

Configuring SNTP

Setting the Time Zone

Simple Network Management Protocol

Setting Community Access Strings

Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types

Filtering Addresses for SNMP Client Access

User Authentication.

Configuring the Logon Password

Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication

Telnet Settings

Configuring HTTPS

Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate

Configuring the Secure Shell

Configuring Port Security

Configuring 802.1x Port Authentication

Displaying 802.1x Global Settings

Configuring 802.1x Global Settings

Configuring Port Authorization Mode

Displaying 802.1x Statistics

Port Configuration

Displaying Connection Status

Configuring Interface Connections

Creating Trunk Groups

Statically Configuring a Trunk

Enabling LACP on Selected Ports

Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds

Configuring Port Mirroring

Configuring Rate Limits

Showing Port Statistics

VDSL Configuration

VDSL Global Configuration

VDSL Port Configuration

VDSL Port Link Status