TYPE EPF, EPFN (High Efficiency)
TYPE EPQ, EPQN (Better Sound Quality)
January 2007
E-Series Plenum Fans
Twin City Fan & Blower, the world’s largest supplier of plenum fans, now offers the completely redesigned E-Series, the
first plenum fan to be AMCA licensed for sound and air in
both an Arrangement 1 and 3 configuration.
The E-Series offers the flexibility of two plenum fan designs,
with each model offering its own unique performance
characteristics. While every E-Series fan is highly efficient
and quiet, you can choose an E-Series design option that
optimizes the performance requirements most important to
your application.
9-Bladed Wheel Models
EPF (Arr. 3)
The model EPF features a highly efficient and cost effective, nine-bladed
airfoil wheel design. The high efficien
cy of the EPF will often allow the
use of smaller fans without increasing
power requirements. The EPF is an
Arrangement 3 design.
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Arrg. 3 EPF
Plenum Fan
EPFN (Arr. 1 and 4)
The model EPFN features the same highly efficient, ninebladed airfoil wheel design as the EPF, but is available in
Arrangement 1 or 4 designs without inlet obstructions.
12-Bladed Wheel Models
EPQ (Arr. 3)
The Better Sound Quality model EPQ
features a twelve-bladed airfoil wheel
design that flattens the sound spectrum
and reduces the dominance of pure
tones. The EPQ is an Arrangement 3
design.
EPQN (Arr. 1 and 4)
The model EPQN features the same Better Sound Quality,
twelve-bladed airfoil wheel design as the EPQ, but is available
in Arrangement 1 or 4 without inlet obstructions.
Twin City Fan & Blower certifies that the
Type EPF, EPFN, EPQ & EPQN Plenum
Fans shown herein are licensed to bear
the AMCA Seal. The ratings shown are
based on tests and procedures performed
in accordance with AMCA Publication 211
and AMCA Publication 311 and comply with
the requirements of the AMCA Certified
Ratings Program.
Refer to Bulletin 475 for sound power
levels.
Ultra Low Vibration Options
The standard E-Series plenum fans already offers a low vibration design, but when faced with stringent vibration require
ments, Twin City Fan & Blower offers patent pending Ultra
Low Vibration (ULV) designs with a full spectrum dynamic
balance.
Along with the ULV balance guarantee, a full vibration report
is provided that includes a summary of banded spectrum lim
its, spectrum plots on 3 axes, a waterfall (cascade) plot, a time
waveform plot, and a transient capture (coast down) plot.
Compact Designs
with Performance Assurance
Space is often a key consideration in the selection of plenum
fans, making the compact Arrangement 3 configuration very
popular.
The Arrangement 3 configuration is constructed with a bear
ing and bearing bar in the inlet, which will affect fan per
formance. These performance affects should be taken into
account to ensure that your system functions as designed.
As the leading supplier of plenum fans, Twin City Fan
& Blower understands the importance of having confidence
in performance ratings. Twin City Fan provides our custom
ers that confidence as the only plenum fan manufacturer to
offer AMCA licensed sound and air performance on both the
Arrangement 1 and 3 fan designs.
Bulletin illustrations cover the general appearance of Twin City Fan & Blower products at the time of
publication and we reserve the right to make changes in design and construction at any time without notice.
Twin City Bulletin 4702
Application Information
Plenum fans are unhoused fans designed to operate inside of
field-fabricated or factory-built air handling units.
The fan wheel pressurizes the entire surrounding air plenum
in which the fan is installed, allowing air ducts from any direc
tion to be directly connected to the air handling unit enclosure.
This design generally saves space by eliminating the fan hous
ing, transitions, and diffusers within the air handling unit.
Plenum fans have found a ready acceptance in the air con
ditioning industry. In addition, the construction versatility,
adaptability in the direction of the discharges, suitability for
internal isolation and application of sound panels, and gener
ally lower cost makes it a very popular fan arrangement.
EPQ / EPQN Advantage
The EPQ/EPQN plenum fans offers unique performance
features that are beneficial for many sound sensitive and
higher pressure applications.
The EPQ/EPQN features a twelve-bladed airfoil wheel versus
the nine-bladed wheel of our type EPF/EPFN plenum fans
or eight- to ten-bladed wheels with most other competition.
The "Q" in the EPQ/EPQN designation stands for Better
Noise Quality. Noise quality is a subjective description for
noise that is less objectionable.
Looking at the sound comparison, you will notice that the type
EPQ/EPQN offers noise (SPL) that is more equally distrib
uted across all frequencies. This can be more pleasant to hear
than the sound characteristics of a nine-bladed design. Fans
are often dominated in noise by the noise occurring at the
blade pass frequency. (Blade pass frequency = RPM x Number
of blades/60.) Noise quality is improved by reducing the dif
ference in amplitude between the blade pass amplitudes and
the neighboring frequency amplitudes. The increased higher
frequency sound power levels on the twelve-bladed wheels
mask the blade pass frequency offering a better sounding fan.
Although the overall A-weighted sound power levels of the
nine-bladed EPF/EPFN fans are slightly lower, the sound
"quality" of the twelve-bladed EPQ/EPQN fans may be
desirable for the application.
Benefits of a Plenum Fan
Saves Space – There are no housings, transitions, or diffusers
within the air handling unit.
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Efficiency – Plenum fans can be as efficient or more efficient
than scroll type fans at specific operating points towards the
-
bottom of the fan curve.
Lower cost – Plenum fans are less expensive than scroll type
-
fans.
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will move the blade pass frequency from the second octave
band to the third octave band. Acoustic silencers will normally
perform about 10 dB better in the third band.
In addition to sound considerations, there are also addi
tional benefits to using the EPQ/EPQN at higher pressures.
Selections over 8" wg static pressure are often near the peak
pressure of the fan. The additional blades give a higher peak
pressure and also add stability to the fan. Twelve smaller
passages through the fan wheel are more resistant to flow
disturbances on the inlet than nine larger passages. The EPQ/
EPQN is thus more resistant to system effects when operating
at high pressures and the higher inlet velocities that accom
pany these selections.
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A higher blade pass frequency allows for easier attenuation of
the noise, especially when installed inside an air handler cabi
net. In many applications, the use of the EPQ/EPQN design
High efficiency, non-overloading airfoil wheels are provided
on all sizes and arrangements.
Arr. 1 and 3 – Aluminum wheels using extruded aluminum
blades are standard to size 245 on arrangement 1 and 3 fans,
and available as an option on larger sizes. Steel wheels are
standard on sizes 270 and larger.
Arr. 4 – Aluminum wheels using extruded aluminum blades
are standard to size 600 on direct drive arrangement 4 fans,
a popular choice for applications requiring precision balance
and improved reliability.
Inlet Cones
Heavy-gauge, spun steel inlet cones are closely matched to the
wheel intake rim to ensure efficient and quiet operation.
Structural Frame
Frames are constructed of heavy-gauge steel, continuously
welded at all connections for maximum strength and rigidity.
The “cross frame” bearing support is designed for maximum
stability and load distribution.
Arrg. 4 EPFN
Plenum Fan
Shafts
Shafts are AISI Grade 1040 or 1045 hot-rolled steel accurately
turned, ground, polished, and ring-gauged for verification.
Shafts are generously sized for a first critical speed of at least
1.43 times the maximum speed for the class.
Fan Bearings
Either ball (adapter mount) or spherical roller, heavy-duty,
self-aligning, pillow block type bearings are provided. Bearing
selection is based on minimum L-10 life of 80,000 hours.
Considering the long life offered with our standard bearing
selections, we do not recommend upgrades to split-roller bear
ings due to their large size, especially on Arrangement 3 fans.
Inlet Collar
Horizontal configurations are designed to be flex-connected
to the perimeter of the square panel without the addition of
an inlet collar.
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Arrg. 4 EPFN
Plenum Fan
Twin City Bulletin 4704
Flow Measurement System
STATIC PRESSURE TAP
PIEZOMETER RING
HIGH PRESSURE SIDE
LOW PRESSURE SIDE
Piezometer Ring (Airflow Measuring System)
A piezometer ring is available on plenum fans, as well as other
Twin City Fan housed fans, as part of an airflow measuring
system, based on the principle of a flow nozzle. The inlet cone
of the fan is used as the flow nozzle. The flow can be calcu
lated by measuring the pressure drop through the inlet cone.
No tubes or sensors are inserted in the high velocity airstream
which could obstruct airflow.
The system, consists of a piezometer ring mounted at the
throat and a static pressure tap mounted on the face of the
inlet cone. A differential pressure transducer and digital dis
play can also be provided.
The pressure drop is measured from the tap located on the
face of the inlet cone to the piezometer ring in the throat. The
inlet tap is connected to the high-pressure side of the transducer
and the piezometer ring is connected to the low-pressure side.
See diagram on right.
Based on Twin City Fan laboratory tests, the system was
determined to be accurate within +/-5%.
Refer to Twin City Fan Engineering Supplement ES-105.
NOTE: Twin City Fan does not recommend place
ment of flow measuring probes inside the fan inlet
cone in the path of airflow. These devices create
disturbances and unpredictable performance losses.
Twin City Fan will not be responsible for loss of per
formance due to such devices.
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Inlet Tap
Mounted on
Face of Inlet
Cone
Piezometer Ring
Mounted at Throat
of Inlet Cone
Accessories
Variable Inlet Vanes
Variable inlet vanes provide economical, stable, and efficient
air volume control for manual or motorized operation. Blades
are supported with fatigue-resistant steel shafts and two needle
roller bearings riding on zone-hardened surfaces to minimize
wear. Bearings are lubricated for life with high grade moisture
resistant grease and protected with lip seals. The vane bearing
housings are welded in position and stiffened with a welded
support ring. The welded structure eliminates flutter and
vibration while utilizing a cantilevered design to minimize
insertion loss.
NOTE: Inlet vanes are not recommended on fans smaller
than size 182 due to noise and performance loss.
Inlet Screen
Heavy-gauge barbecue grille style inlet screen that nests in the
inlet funnel for personnel protection on non-ducted inlets.
Inlet Collar
The standard, square-panel design provides the means for flex
connecting on all arrangements without an inlet collar.
Belt Guard
Provides protection to personnel from the moving drive parts.
Both standard and OSHA totally enclosed types are available.
Protective Enclosure
Grill style protective enclosure completely encloses all sides
and the back of the fan wheel. Side panels are individually
removable to provide access to the wheel.
Arrg. 3 EPQ
Plenum Fan
with Optional
Protective
Enclosure, uni
tart base, and
belt gaurd
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NOTE: On belt driven units, a belt guard should be used for
full protection.
Twin City Bulletin 4705
Arrangements
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 1 features an overhung wheel design suitable for V-belt drive and
requires mounting of motor independent of the fan.
l
Models EPFN and EPQN.
l
Class I and II available in sizes 122 to 730. See dimensional drawing on page 28.
l
Class III available in sizes 182 to 730. Contact factory for dimensional drawing.
Arrangement 3 (Horizontal)
This is the most common plenum fan arrangement for use in OEM and site-built
air handlers. Arrangement 3 is suitable for V-belt drive and requires mounting of the
motor independently of the fan. Twin City Fan & Blower offers common unitary
bases and isolation bases for the fan and motor as accessories.
l
Models EPF and EPQ.
l
Class I and II available in sizes 122 to 730. See dimensional drawing on page 29.
l
Class III available in sizes 182 to 730. See dimensional drawings on page 30.
Arrangements 3HS and 3HA (Horizontal with Top Mounted Motor)
Arrangements 3HS and 3HA provide a means for mounting the motor on top of the unit. This design is often desirable when floor
space is limited.
Available with two different motor mounting options: slide base type (Arrangement 3HS) and adjustable motor base (Arrangement
3HA). Due to limited belt center range, NEMA “slide base” option is available on sizes 182 and larger only. A heavy duty Twin
City Fan & Blower designed “adjustable motor base” is available for all fan sizes.
l
Models EPF and EPQ.
l
Arrangement 3HS is available in Class I and II with motor slide base for sizes 182 to 542. See dimensional drawing on page 32.
l
Arrangement 3HA with pivot motor base is available in Class I and II for sizes 122 to 542. See dimensional drawing on page 32.
Arrg. 3HS
Arrg. 3HA
Twin City Bulletin 4706
Arrangements
Arrangement 3SM (Horizontal With Side Mounted Motor)
Arrangement 3SM is designed to provide an economical and space-saving means
to supply plenum fans with motors mounted to the side of the fan frame. A motor
slide base allows for quick and easy belt adjustments.
l
Models EPF and EPQ.
l
Class I and II available in sizes 165 to 600. Motor limited to maximum frame
size shown on drawing.
l
See dimensional drawing on page 31.
Arrangements 3VS and 3VA (Vertical with Side Mounted Motor)
Vertical Arrangement 3 is available with two different motor mounting options: slide base type (Arrangement 3VS) and adjustable
motor base (Arrangement 3VA). Due to limited belt center range, NEMA “slide base” option is available on sizes 182 and larger
only. A heavy duty Twin City Fan & Blower designed “adjustable motor base” is available for all fan sizes.
l
Models EPF and EPQ.
l
Arrangement 3VS is available in Class I and II with motor slide base for sizes 182 to 542. See dimensional drawing on page 33.
l
Arrangement 3VA with pivot motor base is available in Class I and II for sizes 122 to 542. See dimensional drawing on page 33.
l
Unless specified otherwise, units will be built for vertical up airflow.
Inlet collar is now optional on 3VS, 3VA
Arrg. 3VSArrg. 3VA
Shown with optional Inlet
collar.
Arrangement 4 (Horizontal)
Direct drive Arrangement 4 mounts the fan wheel directly onto the motor shaft.
This arrangement provides a compact fan/motor unit which eliminates belt resi
due and requires less maintenance than other arrangements.
For these reasons, Arrangement 4 plenum fans are widely used in cleanroom,
pharmaceutical, and other critical applications.
Fans can be selected with varying wheel widths to provide desired performance at
direct drive motor speeds. Performance changes in the field are usually achieved
by means of variable inlet vanes or VFD.
l
Models EPFN and EPQN.
l
Aluminum wheels using extruded aluminum blades are standard.
l
Class I and II available in sizes 122 to 600.
l
Class III available in sizes 182 to 600.
l
See dimensional drawing on page 34.
Twin City Bulletin 4707
-
s
d
Flow Parallel
To Fan Shaft
Radial
Discharge
Without
Bellmouth
Bellmouth
Radial Discharge
Without Duct
or Bellmouth
Duct Entrance Losses From Plenum Fan Cabinet
To achieve the air velocity in the discharge duct and overcome the loss associated with the air entering the ductwork, additional
resistance must be added to the external static pressure (ESP) requirements of the fan. Different types of duct entrances and loca
tions will require varying correction factors. Therefore, prior to selecting a fan, make the following correction, depending upon the
type of duct and its location.
ADDITIONAL DUCT ENTRANCE LOSS TO BE ADDED TO FAN ESP
DISCHARGE TYPE CORRECTION FACTOR
l Radial and ducted with bellmouth 1.1 x Duct Velocity Pressure
l Radial and ducted without bellmouth 1.4 x Duct Velocity Pressure
l Radial without duct or bellmouth 1.8 x Duct Velocity Pressure
l Flow parallel to shaft and ducted 1.6 x Duct Velocity Pressure
with bellmouth
l Flow parallel to shaft and ducted 1.9 x Duct Velocity Pressure
without bellmouth
l Flow parallel to shaft without duct 2.4 x Duct Velocity Pressure
or bellmouth
Example:A system requires 30,000 CFM at 5" SP at standard air density with one 4 ft diameter duct with bell-mouth placed in a radial dis-
Entrance loss correction factor = 1.1 x duct velocity pressure
= 1.1 x 0.355 = 0.39
Thus, select the fan for = 5" + 0.39" = 5.39" S.P.
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Application Guidelines
Fan Selection Recommendations
1. System effect losses (see AMCA 201) and plenum losses
should be estimated and added to the required static pressure,
prior to making selections. Refer to AMCA Publication 201
at www.amca.org and Twin City Fan Engineering Data Letter
“Fan Performance Troubleshooting Guide” (ED-100) at
www.tcf.com.
2. Fans should be selected so that the point of operation is
approximately between 55% and 90% of the free delivery
point on the fan curve.
3. Avoid selections over 4000 RPM. A narrow width, larger
size impeller can be used to avoid this.
4. Arrangements 1 and 4 will offer the best efficiency and
lowest noise as there are no inlet obstructions.
5. Where space is available, mount the fan and motor on
a sub-base. The motor can be mounted on the fan on
Arrangements 3HS, 3HA, 3SM, 3VS, and 3VA.
6. Use inertia-type isolation bases or rigid mounting for low
est fan vibration. Rigid mounting requires dynamic analysis
(by others) of the support structure to avoid resonance.
7. Applications exceeding 10" SP are prone to high system
effect losses. Use of housed fans (BAE-DWDI) should be
considered.
8. Where static pressures over 8" wg are required, Type EPQ
or EPQN are preferred because of lower operating speeds
and improved stability. Select the fan so the design pressure
is at least 10% below the peak pressure.
9. Where flow monitoring is required, use a piezometer ring
or externally mounted flow measurement station. Fan per
formance may be substantially affected by flow measure
ment probes mounted directly in the fan inlet cone. Refer
to page 5.
10. For direct drive fans without speed control (or where
speed control cannot exceed 60 Hz), select fans at 3 – 5%
below the nominal speed of the motor. This will normally
cover the uncertainties associated with the system and air
balancer’s measurements. Select motors loaded no closer
than 90% of the maximum loading of the motor.
11. For multiple fans in a plenum, alternate CW and CCW
rotation fans to minimize losses. If fans are not counterrotating, install walls between each fan to create cells in the
outlet plenum.
12. Add losses for duct take-offs per the chart above to pressure
requirements of the fan. Bellmouth entries will always reduce
losses and are recommended.
13. For highest reliability, specify the required bearing life. For
example, the statement “minimum L-10 bearing life = 100,000
hours” allows for the best bearing to be put on the fan without
-
creating other problems. Some specifications state “use split
roller bearings.” This can cause a number of problems, such
as:
1. On smaller fans, there may not be enough radial load to
prevent roller skidding. This is especially a problem for
Arrangement 3 fans.
2. Split roller bearings are not offered in sizes smaller than
7
∕16" bore. Smaller fans use shafts smaller than this.
1
3. The oversized bearing in the inlet will block some
air in smaller fans (above the losses that are already
included in the EPF/EPQ ratings).
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Twin City Bulletin 4708
BAFFLE
AIRFLOW
TWO FANS
THREE FANS
H
H / 2
W /
2
W / 6
W
'W' MINIMUM =
6D
W /
6
H
H /
2
W /
4
W
'W' MINIMUM = 4D
W / 4
'H' MINIMUM
= 2D
'H' MINIMUM
= 2D
D
D
D
DD
Application Guidelines
(A-D)/2, BUT NOT
LESS THAN 'D'
('E' MINIMUM = 'D')
B
E
A
A/2
C
L
45
MAX
O
D/2 MINIMUM
RECOMMENDED
C
D
TAKE-OFFS
PAST PLANE OF
FAN IMPELLER
INLET SPIN
BREAKER
ACCESSORY
D/2
D
Location and Placement of Fans in Air Handlers
1. Center the fan inlets in both the horizontal and vertical
planes.
2. For inlet clearance, see Figure 1. The flow should converge
at an angle not greater than 45° when approaching the
opening for the fan inlet. A minimum of one fan wheel
diameter clearance is recommended.
3. In the fan outlet plenum, a minimum wall clearance of
one-half fan wheel diameter to the periphery of the fan
wheel is recommended.
4. Figure 1 shows that the minimum clearance between the
back of the fan wheel and the nearest component down
stream (Dim. E) should be one wheel diameter. Small
clearances do not allow the flow to equalize behind the fan
wheel and the pressure drop of the downstream compo
nent is increased.
5. When the flow enters the inlet plenum perpendicular to the
fan shaft, large system effect losses can occur. See Figure
2 for a recommended flow baffle or a vortex breaker that
may help preserve rated fan performance.
6. When two or more fans are installed in a plenum, divide
the plenum into imaginary cells of equal area. Center the
fan inlets on each cell. See Figure 3.
Installation Recommendations
1. Install the fan so the flexible connector on the inlet
remains uncollapsed during operation.
2. Install thrust restraints (snubbers) to maintain the axial
position of the fan when it is generating pressure.
3. Peripheral equipment, such as electrical components,
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inverters, control panels, etc., should be positioned away
from the high velocity air entering or leaving the fan.
4. Adjust springs on the isolation base so that spring deflec
tion is approximately equal for all isolators.
5. Follow safety, installation, start-up, and maintenance
instructions supplied with each fan.
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Figure 1. Recommended Location of Fan in Plenum
Figure 2. Flow Baffle and Vortex Spin Breaker Location
CL I CL II CL III CL I CL II CL III CL I CL II CL III
NOTES:
1. Arrangement 1 and 3 weights include an
aluminum wheel on size 122 through 245,
and a steel wheel on size 270 through
730.
2. Arrangement 4 weights include an aluminum
wheel on all sizes.
3. Weights are for the 12-bladed wheel design
(EPQ and EPQN). 9-bladed designs (EPF
and EPFN) are slightly less and can be
reduced by the difference between the
wheel weights shown above.
4. Weights do not include motor, drive, motor
base, or slide base.
Performance certified is for installation Type A; Free inlet, Free outlet.
Power rating (BHP) does not include transmission losses.
Performance ratings do not include the effects of appurtenances (accessories).
Performance based on a shaft height of 10" above the base on fan size 122.
3
3
Twin City Bulletin 47011
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