4RF Aprisa SR+ User Manual
April 2013
Version 1.0.0.03 (for General Availability Release in October 2013)
| 1
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 4RF Limited. All rights reserved.
This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Limited and may not be reproduced or republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Limited.
Trademarks
Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Limited.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer
Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Limited assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or the equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product.
RoHS and WEEE compliance
The Aprisa SR+ is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) environmental directives.
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS)
The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these hazardous substances: lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
4RF has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS Directive which came into effect on the 1st July 2006.
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)
The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment. Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly.
4RF has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in an environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC).
4RF invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and compliance with the European Commission’s Directives (sales@4RF.com).
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
2 |
Compliance General
The Aprisa SR+ radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is being operated.
It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met.
Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF are based on the Aprisa SR+ radio equipment being installed at a fixed location and operated in point-to-multipoint or point-to-point mode within the environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate the authorizations and / or license conditions.
The term ‘Radio’ with reference to the Aprisa SR+ User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR+ network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or to operate the equipment within any territory.
Compliance European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+.
Compliance Federal Communications Commission
FCC compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+.
Compliance Industry Canada
IC compliance pending for the Aprisa SR+.
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
| 3
RF Exposure Warning
WARNING:
The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR+ radios shall ensure that a separation distance as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.
Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the following methodologies:
1.Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of 47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65.
2.Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the requirements of EN 50385:2002.
Frequency (MHz) |
Maximum Power |
Maximum Antenna |
Minimum Separation |
|
(dBm) |
Gain (dBi) |
Distance |
|
|
|
(m) |
|
|
|
|
300 |
+ 37 |
15 |
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
330 |
+ 37 |
15 |
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
400 |
+ 37 |
15 |
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
470 |
+ 37 |
15 |
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
520 |
+ 37 |
15 |
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
850 |
+ 37 |
28 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
|
960 |
+ 37 |
28 |
7.2 |
|
|
|
|
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Contents | 5
Contents
1. |
Introduction................................................................................ |
9 |
|
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio ....................................................................... |
9 |
|
Product Overview ............................................................................... |
10 |
|
Network Coverage and Capacity ....................................................... |
10 |
|
Automatic Registration .................................................................. |
10 |
|
Remote Messaging........................................................................ |
10 |
|
Product Features ......................................................................... |
11 |
|
Functions .................................................................................. |
11 |
|
Performance .............................................................................. |
11 |
|
Usability ................................................................................... |
11 |
|
Architecture...................................................................................... |
12 |
|
Security ........................................................................................... |
12 |
|
Interfaces......................................................................................... |
13 |
|
Antenna Interface ........................................................................ |
13 |
|
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... |
13 |
|
RS-232 Interface.......................................................................... |
13 |
|
USB Interfaces ............................................................................ |
13 |
|
Alarm Interface........................................................................... |
13 |
|
AUX Interface ............................................................................. |
13 |
|
Mounting.......................................................................................... |
14 |
|
DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................ |
14 |
|
Rack Shelf Mounting ..................................................................... |
16 |
|
Wall Mounting............................................................................. |
16 |
2. |
Product Options ......................................................................... |
17 |
|
Interface Ports................................................................................... |
17 |
|
Protected Station ............................................................................... |
18 |
|
Operation.................................................................................. |
18 |
|
Switch Over ........................................................................ |
19 |
|
Configuration Management ...................................................... |
19 |
|
Data Driven Protected Station................................................................. |
20 |
|
Operation.................................................................................. |
20 |
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
6 | Contents
3. Specifications ............................................................................ |
21 |
RF Specifications ................................................................................ |
21 |
ETSI Compliant............................................................................ |
21 |
Frequency Bands .................................................................. |
21 |
Channel Sizes ...................................................................... |
21 |
Transmitter......................................................................... |
22 |
Receiver ............................................................................ |
24 |
Modem .............................................................................. |
24 |
Data Payload Security ............................................................ |
24 |
Interface Specifications ........................................................................ |
25 |
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... |
25 |
RS-232 Asynchronous Interface......................................................... |
25 |
Protection Switch Specifications ....................................................... |
26 |
Power Specifications............................................................................ |
27 |
Power Supply.............................................................................. |
27 |
Power Consumption ...................................................................... |
27 |
Power Dissipation ........................................................................ |
28 |
General Specifications.......................................................................... |
29 |
Environmental ............................................................................ |
29 |
Mechanical ................................................................................ |
29 |
Compliance................................................................................ |
29 |
4. Management ............................................................................. |
31 |
SuperVisor ........................................................................................ |
31 |
Viewing the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Settings ............................................ |
32 |
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Terminal Details ......................................... |
33 |
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ RF Network Details ...................................... |
33 |
Configuring the Aprisa SR+ Radio Settings ............................................ |
34 |
Command Line Interface ....................................................................... |
35 |
SNMP .............................................................................................. |
35 |
LED Display Panel ............................................................................... |
36 |
Normal Operation ........................................................................ |
36 |
Single Radio Software Upgrade......................................................... |
37 |
Network Software Upgrade ............................................................. |
37 |
Test Mode ................................................................................. |
37 |
5. Applications .............................................................................. |
38 |
Basic point-to-multipoint application ........................................................ |
38 |
Advanced point-to-multipoint application with repeater ................................. |
39 |
Multi-interface point-to-multipoint application ............................................ |
40 |
6. Architecture ............................................................................. |
41 |
Product Description ............................................................................. |
41 |
Physical Layer............................................................................. |
41 |
Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................ |
41 |
Channel Access .................................................................... |
41 |
Hop by Hop Transmission......................................................... |
42 |
Network Layer ............................................................................ |
43 |
Packet Routing..................................................................... |
43 |
Security ........................................................................................... |
44 |
Product Architecture .................................................................... |
45 |
Aprisa SR+ Block Diagram ............................................................... |
46 |
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Contents | vii
7. Contact Us ................................................................................ |
47 |
Introduction | 9
1.Introduction
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR+ is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data connectivity for SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications.
The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the base station, repeater stations and remote stations.
The Aprisa SR+ is configurable as a point-to-multipoint base station, a remote station or a repeater station.
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
10 | Introduction
Product Overview
Network Coverage and Capacity
In a simple point-to-multipoint network, an Aprisa SR+ base station can communicate with up to a practical limit of 150 remote stations.
The Aprisa SR+ has a typical link range of up to 60 km, however, geographic features, such as hills, mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, tend to limit radio coverage. Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR+ uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) which greatly improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in capacity.
Ultimately, the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including the geographic location, the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic profile across the network. Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations across the available base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity.
Automatic Registration
On start-up, the remote station transmits a registration message to the base stations which responds with a registration response. This allows the base station to record the details of all the remote stations active in the network.
If a remote station cannot register with the base station after multiple attempts (RF LED flashing red) within 10 minutes, it will automatically reboot. If a remote station has registered with the base station but then loses communication, it will automatically reboot within 2 minutes.
Remote Messaging
There are two message types in the Aprisa SR+ network, broadcast messages and unicast messages. Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote stations and unicast messages are transmitted by the remote station to the base station. These messages are commonly referred to as uplink (unicast remote to base) and downlink (broadcast base to remote).
All remotes within the coverage area will receive broadcast messages and pass them on to either the Ethernet or serial interface. The RTU determines if the message is intended for it and will accept it or discard it.
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Introduction | 11
Product Features
Functions
Point-to-Point (PTP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) operation Licensed frequency bands:
UHF 330-400 MHz
UHF 400-470 MHz
UHF 928-960 MHz Channel sizes – software selectable:
12.5 kHz
25 kHz Adaptive modulation: QPSK to 64 QAM Half duplex or full duplex RF operation
Ethernet data interface and RS-232 asynchronous multiple port options
Software selectable dual / single antenna port options (dual antenna port for external duplexers or filters)
Data encryption and authentication Terminal Server
Build-configuration / flexbility of interface ports (3+1, 2+2, 4+0)
Radio and user interface redundancy (provided with Aprisa SR+ Protected Station) Protected Station fully hot swappable and monitored hot standby
Complies with international standards, including ETSI RF, EMC, safety and environmental standards
Performance
Typical deployment of 30 remote stations from one base station with a practical limit of a few hundred remote stations
Long distance operation High transmit power Low noise receiver Forward Error Correction
Electronic tuning over the frequency band
Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range
Usability
Configuration / diagnostics via front panel Management Port USB interface, Ethernet interface
Built-in webserver with full configuration, diagnostics and monitoring functionality, including remote station configuration / diagnostics over the radio link
LED display for on-site diagnostics Dedicated alarm port
Software upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the Host Port USB flash drive Over-the-air software distribution and upgrades
Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall, DIN rail and rack shelf mounting
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
12 | Introduction
Architecture
The Aprisa SR+ Architecture is based around a layered TCP/IP protocol stack:
Physical
Proprietary wireless
Standard RS-232 and Ethernet
Link
Proprietary wireless (channel access, ARQ, segmentation)
Standard Ethernet
Network
Standard IP
Proprietary automatic radio routing table population algorithm
Transport
Standard TCP, UDP
Application
Proprietary management application software
Security
The Aprisa SR+ provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control systems. The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including:
IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) ‘Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security’
IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) ‘Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and Communication Security’
The security features implemented are:
Data encryption
Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data authentication
Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data payload security
CCM |
Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C) |
Secured management interface protects configuration Address filtering enables traffic source authorization
Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE 802.15.4
Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Introduction | 13
Interfaces
Antenna Interface
2 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connectors
Software selectable single or dual antenna port operation.
Ethernet Interface
2, 3 or 4 ports 10/100 base-T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ-45 Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management.
RS-232 Interface
2, 1 or 0 RS-232 asynchronous ports using RJ-45 connector Used for RS-232 asynchronous user traffic only.
USB Interfaces
1 x Management Port using USB micro type B connector
Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface (CLI). 1 x Host Port using USB standard type A connector
Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting.
Alarm Interface
1x Alarm Port using RJ-45 connector
Used for monitoring and control of protection switches.
AUX Interface
1x Port using a QMA female connector Reserved for future use.
Aprisa SR+ Product Description
Loading...