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98 | Managing the Radio

Packet Size (Bytes)

This parameter sets the maximum over-the-air packet size in bytes. A smaller maximum Packet Size is beneficial when many remote stations or repeater stations are trying to access the channel. The default setting is 1550 bytes.

As radios dispatched from the factory have a Packet Size set to the maximum value of 1550 bytes, if a new radio is installed in an existing Field Access Network (network), the Packet Size must be changed to ensure it is the same value for all radios in the network. The new radio will not register an existing network if the Packet Size is not the same as the other radios in the network.

This packet size includes the wireless protocol header and security payload (0 to 16 bytes). The length of the security header depends on the level of security selected.

When the security setting is 0, the maximum user data transfer over-the-air is 1516 bytes.

When encryption is enabled, the entire packet of user data (payload) is encrypted. If authentication is being used, the security frame will be added (up to 16 bytes). The wireless protocol header is then added which is proprietary to the Aprisa SR. This is not encrypted.

Packet Time to Live (ms)

This Time To Live (TTL) parameter sets the time a packet is allowed to live in the system before being dropped if it cannot be transmitted over the air. It is used to prevent old, redundant packets being transmitted through the Aprisa SR network. The default setting is 1500 ms.

In the case of serial poll SCADA networks such as MODBUS and IEC 60870.50.101, it is important to ensure the replies from the RTU are in the correct sequence and are not timed out replies from Master requests. If the TTL value is too long, the SCADA master will detect sequence errors.

It is recommended to use a TTL which is half the serial SCADA timeout. This is commonly called the ‘scan timeout’ or ‘link layer time out’ or ‘retry timeout’.

When using TCP protocols, a TTL of 1500 ms is recommended because a TCP re-transmission usually occurs after approximately 3 second.

In SCADA networks which use both serial and Ethernet, it is recommended that the TTL is set to half the serial SCADA timeout for serial remotes, and 1500 ms for Ethernet (TCP) remotes. For example, if the serial SCADA timeout is 1000 ms, a remote radio which is connected to the serial RTU should be set to 500 ms, a remote radio which is connected to a Ethernet (TCP) RTU should have a 1500 ms timeout.

In this case, the base station TTL should be set to 1500 ms as well; or which ever is the longer TTL of serial or Ethernet.

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Packet Filtering

Each Aprisa SR radio can filter packets not destined for itself. The Packet Filtering parameter controls this functionality.

In an Aprisa SR network, all communication from remote stations is destined for the base station in the Aprisa SR network communication protocol. In a repeater network, a remote station will send a message to the base station. The repeater station will receive this and then repeat the message. The repeated message will then be received by the base station. Other remote stations connected to the repeater station will receive this message and depending on the Packet Filtering parameter, either forward this packet or discard it.

This filtering capability can provide the ability for remote stations to communicate with each other when connected to a repeater, particularly useful in the event of losing communication with a SCADA Master, assuming the Aprisa SR network is still operational.

Note: IP Header Compression must be disabled for this feature to operate correctly (see ‘IP Header Compression Ratio’ on page 101).

Option	Function
Disabled	Every packet received by the radio will be forwarded to the
	relevant interface.
Automatic	The radio will filter (discard) packets not destined for itself
	according to the Aprisa SR traffic protocols

The default setting is Automatic.

Note: The Aprisa SR network is transparent to the protocol being transmitted; therefore the Packet Filtering parameter is based on the Aprisa SR addressing and network protocols, not the user (SCADA, etc.) traffic protocols.

Serial Data Stream Mode

This parameter controls the traffic flow in the radio serial ports.

Option	Function
Broadcast	Serial port traffic from the network is broadcast on all serial ports
	on this radio. This will include the RS-232 port derived from the
	USB port.
Segregate	Serial port traffic from the network from a specific port number is
	directed to the respective serial port only.

The default setting is Broadcast.

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100 | Managing the Radio

TRAFFIC SETTINGS

Serial Data Priority

The Serial Data Priority controls the priority of the serial customer traffic relative to the Ethernet customer traffic. If equal priority is required to Ethernet traffic, this setting must be the same as the

Ethernet Data Priority setting (see ‘Ethernet Data Priority’ on page 100).

The serial data priority can be set to Very High, High, Medium and Low. The default setting is Very High.

A queuing system is used to prioritize traffic from the serial and Ethernet interfaces for over the air transmission. A weighting may be given to each data type and this is used to schedule the next transmission over the air e.g. if there are pending data packets in multiple buffers but serial data has a higher weighting it will be transmitted first. The serial buffer is 20 serial packets (1 packet can be up to 512 bytes).

There are four priority queues in the Aprisa SR: Very High, High, Medium and Low. Data is added to one of these queues depending on the priority setting. Data leaves the queues from highest priority to lowest: the Very High queue is emptied first, followed by High then Medium and finally Low.

Ethernet Data Priority

The Ethernet Data Priority controls the priority of the Ethernet customer traffic relative to the serial customer traffic. If equal priority is required to serial traffic, this setting must be the same as the Serial

Data Priority setting (see ‘Serial Data Priority’ on page 100)

The Ethernet Data Priority can be set to Very High, High, Medium and Low. The default setting is Very High.

A queuing system is used to prioritize customer traffic from the serial and Ethernet interfaces for over the air transmission. A weighting may be given to each data type and this is used to schedule the next transmission over the air e.g. if there are pending data packets in multiple buffers but serial data has a higher weighting it will be transmitted first. The Ethernet buffer is 10 Ethernet packets (1 packet can be up to Ethernet MTU, 1500 bytes).

There are four priority queues in the Aprisa SR: Very High, High, Medium and Low. Data is added to one of these queues depending on the priority setting. Data leaves the queues from highest priority to lowest: the Very High queue is emptied first, followed by High then Medium and finally Low.

Ethernet Management Priority

The Ethernet Management Priority controls the priority of the Ethernet management traffic relative to Ethernet customer traffic.

The Ethernet Management Priority can be set to Very High, High, Medium and Low. The default setting is Medium.

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Background Bulk Data Transfer Rate

This parameter sets the data transfer rate for large amounts of management data.

	Option	Function
	High	Utilizes more of the available capacity for large amounts of
		management data. Highest impact on user traffic.
	Medium	Utilizes a moderate of the available capacity for large amounts of
		management data. Medium impact on user traffic.
	Low	Utilizes a minimal of the available capacity for large amounts of
		management data. Lowest impact on user traffic.
The default setting is high.
DATA COMPRESSION
IP Header Compression Ratio

The IP Header Compression implements TCP/IP ROHC v2 (Robust Header Compression v2. RFC4995, RFC5225, RFC4996) to compress the IP header. IP Header Compression allows for faster point to point transactions, but only in a star network.

IP Header Compression module comprises of two main components, Compressor and Decompressor. Both these components maintain some state information for an IP flow to achieve header compression. However, for reasons like packet drops or station reboots this state information can go out of sync between compressor and decompressor resulting in compression and/or decompression failure resulting in loss of packets.

The Compression Ratio controls the rate at which compressor and decompressor synchronize state information with each other. Frequent synchronization results in reduced ratio.

	Option	Function
	Compression	Disables IP Header Compression.
	Disabled
	High	State information is synchronized less frequently thus achieving
		the best compression ratio.
	Medium	State information is synchronization less frequently than ‘High’
		setting but more frequently than ‘Low’ setting.
	Low	State information is synchronized frequently thus reducing the
		compression ratio.
The default setting is High.

When IP Header Compression is enabled, it is important that the Network Radius is set correctly. If it was incorrectly set to 1, header compression could not be interpreted by radius 2 radios.

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Serial

Serial > Summary

This page displays the current settings for the serial port parameters.

See ‘Serial > Port Setup’ on page 103 for configuration options.

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Serial > Port Setup

This page provides the setup for the serial port settings.

SERIAL PORTS SETTINGS

Note: The current Aprisa SR has one serial port so there will be only one record.

Name

This parameter sets the port name which can be up to 32 characters.

Option	Function
SerialPort1	This is the normal RS-232 serial port provided with the RJ45
	connector.
USB Serial Port	This is the additional RS-232 serial port provided with the USB Host
	Port	connector with a USB to RS-232 RJ45 converter cable
	(see ‘USB RS-232 Serial Port’ on page 43).

Mode

This parameter defines the mode of operation of the serial port. The default setting is Standard.

	Option	Function
	Disabled	The serial port is not required.
	Standard	The serial port is communicating with serial ports on other
		stations.
	Terminal Server	A base station Ethernet port can communicate with both Ethernet
		ports and serial ports on remote stations.
		RS-232 traffic is encapsulated in IP packets (see ‘Serial > Port
		Setup’ TERMINAL SERVER SETTINGS on page 105).
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104 | Managing the Radio

Baud Rate (bit/s)

This parameter sets the baud rate to 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 or 115200 bit/s. The default setting is 115200 bit/s.

Character Length (bits)

This parameter sets the character length to 7 or 8 bits. The default setting is 8 bits.

Parity

This parameter sets the parity to Even, Odd or None. The default setting is None.

Stop Bits (bits)

This parameter sets the number of stop bits to 1 or 2 bits. The default setting is 1 bit.

Flow Control

This parameter sets the flow control of the serial port. The default setting is Disabled.

Option	Function
None	The Aprisa SR radio port (DCE) CTS is in a permanent ON (+ve)
	state.
	This does not go to OFF if the radio link fails.
CTS-RTS	CTS / RTS hardware flow control between the DTE and the Aprisa
	SR radio port (DCE) is enabled.
	If the Aprisa SR buffer is full, the CTS goes OFF.
	In the case of radio link failure the signal goes to OFF (-ve) state.

In terminal server mode, the serial packet is no different from an Ethernet packet and travels through various packet queues before being transmitted over the air. Thus, the serial flow control has no affect in terminal server mode.

Inter-Frame Gap (chars)

This parameter defines the gap between successive serial data frames. It is used to delimit the serial data to define the end of a packet. The Inter-Frame Gap limits are 0.5 to 16 chars. The default setting is 3.5 chars.

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TERMINAL SERVER SETTINGS

This menu item is only applicable if the serial port has an operating mode of Terminal Server.

The Terminal Server operating mode provides encapsulation of serial data into an IP packet (TCP or UDP).

A server connected to a base station Ethernet port can communicate with all remote station Ethernet ports and serial ports.

Note: The current Aprisa SR has one serial port so there will be only one record.

Local Address

This parameter displays the IP address of this radio.

Port

This parameter sets the port number of the local serial port.

The valid port number range is greater than or equal to 1024 and less than or equal to 49151 but with exclusions of 0, 5445, 6445, 9930 or 9931. The default setting is 20000.

Remote Address

This parameter sets the IP address of the server connected to the base station Ethernet port.

Port

This parameter sets the port number of the server connected to the base station Ethernet port. The default setting is 0.

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Protocol

This parameter sets the IP protocol used for terminal server operation. The default setting is TCP.

Mode

This parameter defines the mode of operation of the terminal server connection. The default setting is Client and Server.

Option	Function
Client	The radio will attempt to establish a TCP connection with the
	specified remote unit.
Server	The radio will listen for a TCP connection on the specified local
	port.
	Data received from any client shall be forwarded to the associated
	serial port while data received from that serial port shall be
	forwarded to every client with an open TCP connection.
	If no existing TCP connections exist, all data received from the
	associated serial port shall be discarded.
Client and Server	The radio will listen for a TCP connection on the specified local
	port and if necessary, establish a TCP connection with the
	specified remote unit.
	Data received from any client shall be forwarded to the associated
	serial port while data received from that serial port shall be
	forwarded to every client with an open TCP connection.

Inactivity Timeout (seconds)

This specifies the duration (in seconds) to automatically terminate the connection with the remote TCP server if no data has been received from either the remote TCP server or its associated serial port for the duration of the configured inactivity time.

TCP Keep Alive

A TCP keepalive is a message sent by one device to another to check that the link between the two is operating, or to prevent the link from being broken.

If the TCP Keep Alive is enabled, the radio will be notified if the TCP connection fails.

If the TCP Keep Alive is disabled, the radio relies on the Inactivity Timeout to detect a TCP connection failure. The default setting is disabled.

Note: An active TCP Keep Alive will generate a small amount of extra network traffic.

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Ethernet

Ethernet > Summary

This page displays the current settings for the Ethernet port parameters and the status of the ports.

See ‘Ethernet > Port Setup’ for configuration options.

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Ethernet > Port Setup

This page provides the setup for the Ethernet ports settings.

ETHERNET PORT SETTINGS

Mode

This parameter controls the Ethernet traffic flow. The default setting is Standard.

Option	Function
Standard	Enables Ethernet data communication over the radio link.
Switch	Ethernet traffic is switched locally between the two
	Ethernet ports and communicated over the radio link
Disabled	Disables Ethernet data communication over the radio link.

Speed (Mbit/s)

This parameter controls the traffic rate of the Ethernet port. The default setting is Auto.

Option	Function
Auto	Provides auto selection of Ethernet Port Speed
10	The Ethernet Port Speed is manualy set to 10 Mbit/s
100	The Ethernet Port Speed is manualy set to 100 Mbit/s

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Duplex

This parameter controls the transmission mode of the Ethernet port. The default setting is Auto.

Option	Function
Auto	Provides auto selection of Ethernet Port duplex setting.
Half Duplex	The Ethernet Port is manualy set to Half Duplex.
Full Duplex	The Ethernet Port is manualy set to Full Duplex.

Function

This parameter controls the use for the Ethernet port. The default setting is Management and User.

Option	Function
Management Only	The Ethernet port is only used for management of the
	network.
Management and User	The Ethernet port is used for management of the network
	and User traffic over the radio link.
User Only	The Ethernet port is only used for User traffic over the radio
	link.

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110 | Managing the Radio

Ethernet > L2 Filtering

This page is only available if the Ethernet traffic option has been licensed (see ‘Maintenance > Licence’ on page 140).

FILTER DETAILS

L2 Filtering provides the ability to filter radio link traffic based on specified Layer 2 MAC addresses.

Traffic originating from specified Source MAC Addresses destined for specified Destination MAC Addresses that meets the protocol type criteria will be transmitted over the radio link.

Traffic that does not meet the filtering criteria will not be transmitted over the radio link.

Source MAC Address

This parameter sets the filter to the Source MAC address of the packet in the format ‘hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh’.

If the Source MAC Address is set to ‘FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF’, traffic will be accepted from any source MAC address.

Destination MAC Address

This parameter sets the filter to the Destination MAC address of the packet in the format ‘hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh’.

If the Destination MAC Address is set to ‘FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF’, traffic will be delivered to any destination

MAC address.

Protocol Type

This parameter sets the Ethernet Type accepted ARP, VLAN, IPv4, IPv6 or Any type.

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Example:

In the screen shot, the rules are configured in the base station which controls the radio link traffic from base station to remote / repeater stations.

Traffic from a device with the MAC address 00:01:50:c2:01:00 is forwarded over the radio link if it meets the criteria:

Rule 1 If the Ethernet Type is ARP going to any destination MAC address or

Rule 2 If the Ethernet Type is Any and the destination MAC address is 01:00:50:c2:01:02 or Rule 3 If the Ethernet Type is VLAN tagged packets going to any destination MAC address

Special L2 Filtering Rules:

Unicast Only Traffic

This L2 filtering allows for Unicast only traffic and drop broadcast and multicast traffic. This filtering is achieved by adding the two rules:

Rule	Source	Destination	Protocol Type
	MAC Address	MAC Address
Allow ARPS	FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF	FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF	ARP
Allow Unicasts from Any source	FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF	FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF	Any

To delete a L2 Filter:

1.Click on an existing rule ‘Select’.

2.Click on Delete.

3. Click on OK.

ADD NEW FILTER

To add a L2 Filter:

1.Enter the Rule ID number. This is a unique rule number between 1 and 25.

2.Enter the Source MAC address of the packet or ‘FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF’ to accept traffic from any MAC address.

3.Enter the Destination MAC address of the packet or ‘FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF’ to deliver traffic to any MAC address.

4.Select the Protocol Type to ARP, VLAN, IPv4, IPv6 or Any type.

5.Click on Add.

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Networking

Networking > IP Summary

This page displays the current settings for the Networking IP Settings.

See ‘Networking > IP Setup’ for configuration options.

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Networking > IP Setup

This page provides the setup for the Networking IP Settings.

NETWORKING IP SETTINGS

IP Address

Set the static IP Address of the radio assigned by your site network administrator using the standard format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. The default IP address is in the range 169.254.50.10.

Subnet Mask

Set the Subnet Mask of the radio using the standard format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. The default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0.

Gateway

Set the Gateway address of the radio, if required, using the standard format xxx.xxx.xxx. The default Gateway is 0.0.0.0.

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Networking > L3 Filtering

This page is only available if the Ethernet traffic option has been licensed (see ‘Maintenance > Licence’ on page 140).

NETWORKING L3 FILTER SETTINGS

L3 Filtering provides the ability to evaluate traffic and take specific action based on the filter criteria.

This filtering can also be used for L4 TCP/UDP port filtering which in most cases relates to specific applications as per IANA official and unofficial well-known ports.

Entering a * into any to field will automatically enter the wildcard values when the data is saved.

Priority

This parameter shows the priority order in which the filters are processed.

Action

This parameter defines the action taken on the packet when it meets the filter criteria.

Option	Function
Process	Processes the packet if it meets the filter criteria
Discard	Discards the packet if it meets the filter criteria

Source IP Address

If the source IP address is set to 0.0.0.0, any source IP address will meet the filter criteria.

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Source Wildcard Mask

This parameter defines the mask applied to the Source IP Address. 0 means that it must be a match.

If the Source Wildcard Mask is set to 0.0.0.0, the complete Source IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

If the Source Wildcard Mask is set to 0.0.255.255, the first 2 octets of the Source IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

If the Source Wildcard Mask is set to 255.255.255.255, none of the Source IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

Note: The Source Wildcard Mask operation is the inverse of subnet mask operation

Source Port Range

This parameter defines the port or port range for the source. To specify a range, insert a dash between the ports e.g 1000-2000. If the Source Port Range is set to 1-65535, traffic from any source port will meet the filter criteria.

Destination IP Address

This parameter defines the destination IP address of the filter. If the destination IP address is set to 0.0.0.0, any destination IP address will meet the filter criteria.

Destination Wildcard Mask

This parameter defines the mask applied to the Destination IP Address. 0 means that it must be a match.

If the Destination Wildcard Mask is set to 0.0.0.0, the complete Destination IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

If the Destination Wildcard Mask is set to 0.0.255.255, the first 2 octets of the Destination IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

If the Destination Wildcard Mask is set to 255.255.255.255, none of the Destination IP Address will be evaluated for the filter criteria.

Note: The Destination Wildcard Mask operation is the inverse of subnet mask operation

Destination Port Range

This parameter defines the port or port range for the destination. To specify a range, insert a dash between the ports e.g 1000-2000. If the destination port range is set to 1-65535, traffic to any destination port will meet the filter criteria.

Protocol

This parameter defines the Ethernet packet type that will meet the filter criteria.

Controls

The Delete button deletes the selected entry.

The Move Up button moves the selected entry above the entry above it increasing it’s process priority.

The Move Down button moves the selected entry below the entry above it reducing it’s process priority.

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Security

Security > Summary

This page displays the current settings for the Security parameters.

See ‘Security > Setup’ and ‘Security > Manager’ for configuration options.

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Security > Setup

PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE SETUP

Security Profile Name

This parameter enables the user to predefine a security profile with a specified name.

Security Scheme

This parameter sets the security scheme to one of the values in the following table:

Security Level

Disabled (No encryption and no Message Authentication Code)

AES Encryption + CCM Authentication 128 bit

AES Encryption + CCM Authentication 64 bit

AES Encryption + CCM Authentication 32 bit

AES Encryption only

CCM Authentication 128 bit

CCM Authentication 64 bit

CCM Authentication 32 bit

The default setting is Disabled.

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Payload Encryption Key Type

This parameter sets the Payload Encryption Key Type:

	Option	Function
	Pass Phrase	Use the Pass Phrase password format for standard security.
	Raw Hexidecimal	Use the Raw Hexidecimal password format for better
		security. It must comply with the specified encryption key
		size e.g. if Encryption Type to AES128, the encryption key
		must be 16 bytes (32 chars)
The default setting is Pass Phrase.

Payload Encryption Key Size

This parameter sets the Encryption Type to AES128, AES192 or AES256. The default setting is AES128.

The higher the encryption size the better the security.

Payload Encryption Key

This parameter sets the Payload Encryption password. This key is used to encrypt the payload.

Pass Phrase

Good password policy:

contains at least eight characters, and contains at least one upper case letter, and contains at least one lower case letter, and

contains at least one digit or another character such as !@#$%^&(){}[]<>... , and is not a term in a familiar language or jargon, and

is not identical to or derived from the accompanying account name, from personal characteristics or from information from one’s family/social circle, and

is easy to remember, for instance by means of a key sentence

Raw Hexidecimal

The Raw Hexidecimal password must comply with the specified encryption key size e.g. if Encryption Type to AES128, the encryption key must be 16 bytes (32 chars).

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KEY ENCRYPTION KEY SETUP

The Key Encryption Key provides the ability to encrypt the Payload Encryption Key so it can be safely transmitted over the radio link to remote radios.

The Key Encryption Key Type, Key Encryption Key Size and Key Encryption Key must be the same on all radios in the network.

Key Encryption Key Type

This parameter sets the Payload Encryption Key Type:

	Option	Function
	Pass Phrase	Use the Pass Phrase password format for standard security.
	Raw Hexidecimal	Use the Raw Hexidecimal password format for better
		security. It must comply with the specified encryption key
		size
		e.g. if Encryption Type to AES128, the encryption key must
		be 16 bytes (32 chars)
The default setting is Pass Phrase.

Key Encryption Key Size

This parameter sets the Encryption Type to AES128, AES192 or AES256. The default setting is AES128.

The higher the encryption type the better the security.

Key Encryption Key

This parameter sets the Key Encryption password. This is used to encrypt the payload encryption key.

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PROTOCOL SETUP

Telnet option

This parameter option determines if you can manage the radio via a Telnet session. The default setting is disabled.

ICMP option (Internet Control Message Protocol)

This parameter option determines whether the radio will respond to a ping. The default setting is disabled.

HTTPS option

This parameter option determines if you can manage the radio via a HTTPS session (via a Browser). The default setting is enabled.

SNMP Proxy Support

This parameter option enables an SNMP proxy server in the base station. This proxy server reduces the radio link traffic during SNMP communication to remote / repeater stations. This option applies to the base station only. The default setting is disabled.

This option can also be used if the radio has Serial Only interfaces.

SNMP Protocol

This parameter sets the SNMP Protocol:

	Option	Function
	Disabled	All SNMP functions are disabled.
	All Versions	Allows all SNMP protocol versions.
	SNMPv3 Only	Only SNMPv3 transactions will be accepted.
	SNMPv3 With	Only SNMPv3 transactions authenticated using HMAC-MD5 or
	Authentication Only	HMAC-SHA will be accepted.
The default setting is All Versions.

The default SNMPv3 with Authentication User Details provided are:

User Name	Authentication	Context Name	Authentication
	Type		Passphrase
noAuthUser	-	noAuth	noAuthUser
authUserMD5	MD5	auth	authUserMD5
authUserSHA	SHA	auth	authUserSHA

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SNMPv3 Authentication Passphrase

The Authentication Passphrases can be changed via SNMP (not SuperVisor).

When viewing / managing the details of the users via SNMP, the standard SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB interface is used. This interface can be used to change the Authentication Passphrase of the users.

The Authentication Passphrase of the user required to be changed cannot be changed by the same user i.e a different user must be used for the transactions.

To change a user authentication passphrase:

1.SET the usmUserStatus object for that user to ‘Not In Service’

2.GET the usmUserSpinLockobject

3.SET the usmUserSpinLockobject with the value that was just GOT in the previous step

4.SET the usmUserAuthKeyChange to the new Authentication key string

5.SET the usmUserPrivKeyChangeto the new Privacy key string

6.SET the usmUserStatus object for that user to ‘Active’

Note that the key string for steps 4 and 5 are 32 octet hexadecimal values. This string is generated based on the ‘old passphrase’ and ‘new passphrase’ as specified in RFC2274.

The utility ‘encode_keychange.exe’, available from NET-SNMP open source applications, can be used to generate this string.

An example command to generate a new Authentication key string for the default desUserMD5 is:

encode_keychange –t md5 –O “desUserMD5” –N “desUserMD5Auth” –E 0x0100DC

An example command to generate a new Privacy key string for the default desUserMD5 is:

encode_keychange –t md5 –O “desUserMD5” –N “desUserMD5Priv” –E 0x0100DC

These command executions will return a 32 Octet Hexadecimal string that can be used in steps 4 and 5 above.

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Security > Users

Note: You must login with ‘admin’ privileges to add, disable, delete a user or change a password.

USER DETAILS

Shows a list of the current users setup in the radio.

ADD NEW USER

To add a new user:

1. Enter the Username.

A username can be up to 32 characters but cannot contain back slashes, forward slashes, spaces, tabs, single or double quotes. Usernames are case sensitive.

2. Enter the Password.

A password can be 8 to 32 characters but cannot contain back slashes, forward slashes, spaces, tabs, single or double quotes. Passwords are case sensitive.

Good password policy:

contains at least eight characters, and contains at least one upper case letter, and contains at least one lower case letter, and

contains at least one digit or another character such as !@#$%^&(){}[]<>... , and is not a term in a familiar language or jargon, and

is not identical to or derived from the accompanying account name, from personal characteristics or from information from one’s family/social circle, and

is easy to remember, for instance by means of a key sentence

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3. Select the User Privileges

There are four pre-defined User Privilege settings to allocate access rights to users. These user privileges have associated default usernames and passwords of the same name.

The default login is ‘admin’.

This login has full access to all radio parameters including the ability to add and change users. There can only be a maximum of two usernames with admin privileges and the last username with admin privileges cannot be deleted.

User	Default	Default	User Privileges
Privilege	Username	Password
View	view	view	Users in this group can only view the summary
			pages.
Technician	technician	technician	Users in this group can view and edit parameters
			except Security > Users, Security > Settings and
			Advanced settings.
Engineer	engineer	engineer	Users in this group can view and edit parameters
			except Security > Users.
Admin	admin	admin	Users in this group can view and edit all
			parameters.

See ‘SuperVisor Menu Access’ on page 76 for the list of SuperVisor menu items versus user privileges.

4. Click ‘Add’

To delete a user:

1.Select Terminal Settings > Security > Users

2.Click on the Select button for the user you wish to delete.

3.Click ‘Delete

To change a Password:

1.Select Terminal Settings > Security > Users

2.Click on the Select button for the user you wish to change the Password.

3.Enter the Password.

A password can be 8 to 32 characters but cannot contain back slashes, forward slashes, spaces, tabs, single or double quotes.

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124 | Managing the Radio

Security > SNMP

In addition to web-based management (SuperVisor), the network can also be managed using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). MIB files are supplied, and these can be used by a dedicated SNMP Manager, such as Castle Rock’s SNMPc, to access most of the radio’s configurable parameters.

For communication between the SNMP manager and the radio, Access Controls and Community strings must be set up as described in the following sections.

A SNMP Community String is used to protect against unauthorized access (similar to a password). The SNMP agent (radio or SNMP manager) will check the community string before performing the task requested in the SNMP message.

ACCESS CONTROL SETUP

A SNMP Access Control is the IP address of the radio used by an SNMP manager or any other SNMP device to access the radio. The Aprisa SR allows access to the radio from any IP address.

Read Only

The default Read Only community string is public.

Read Write

The default ReadWrite community string is private.

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SNMP Manager Setup

The SNMP manager community strings must be setup to access the base station and remote / repeater stations.

To access the base station, a community string must be setup on the SNMP manager the same as the community string setup on the radio (see ‘Security > SNMP’ on page 124).

SNMP access to remote / repeater stations can be achieved by using the radio’s IP address and the normal community string or by proxy in the base station.

SNMP Access via Base Station Proxy

To access the remote / repeater stations via the base station proxy, the community strings must be setup on the SNMP manager in the format:

ccccccccc:bbbbbb

Where:

ccccccccc is the community string of the base station

and

bbbbbb is the last 3 bytes of the remote station MAC address (see ‘Network Status > Network Table’ on page 167) for the remote station MAC address.

The SNMP Proxy Support must be enabled for this method of SNMP access to operate (see ‘SNMP Proxy Support’ on page 120).

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126 | Managing the Radio

Security > Manager

CURRENT PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE

Profile Name

This parameter shows the predefined security profile active on the radio.

Status

This parameter displays the status of the predefined security profile on the radio (always active).

PREVIOUS PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE

Profile Name

This parameter displays the security profile that was active on the radio prior to the current profile being activated.

Status

This parameter displays the status of the security profile that was active on the radio prior to the current profile being activated.

Option	Function
Active	The security profile is active on the radio.
Inactive	The security profile is not active on the radio but could be
	activated if required.

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Activate

This parameter activates the previous security profile (restores to previous version).

PREDEFINED PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE

Profile Name

This parameter displays the new security profile that could be activated on the radio or distributed to all remote radios with Security > Distribution.

Status

This parameter displays the status of the new security profile.

Option	Function
Unavailable	A predefined security profile is not available on this radio.
	To create a predefined security profile, go to ‘Security > Setup’ on
	page 117.
Available	A predefined security profile is available on this radio for
	distribution and activation.

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128 | Managing the Radio

Security > Distribution

REMOTE PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE DISTRIBUTION

Predefined Profile Name

This parameter displays the predefined security profile available for distribution to remote stations.

Status

This parameter shows if a predefined security profile is available for distribution to remote stations.

Option	Function
Unavailable	A predefined payload security profile is not available on this radio.
Available	A predefined payload security profile is available on this radio for
	distribution and activation.

Start Transfer

This parameter when activated distributes (broadcasts) the new payload security profile to all remote stations in the network.

Note: The distribution of the payload security profile to remote stations does not stop customer traffic from being transferred.

Payload security profile distribution traffic is classified as ‘management traffic’ but does not use the Ethernet management priority setting. Security profile distribution traffic priority has a fixed priority setting of ‘very low’.

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To distribute the payload security profile to remote stations:

This process assumes that a payload security profile has been setup (see ‘Security > Setup’ on page 117).

1. Tick Start Transfer and click Apply.

Note: This process could take up to 1 minute per radio depending on channel size, Ethernet Management Priority setting and the amount of customer traffic on the network.

2.When the distribution is completed, activate the software with the Remote Payload Security Profile Activation.

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130 | Managing the Radio

REMOTE PAYLOAD SECURITY PROFILE ACTIVATION

When the security profile has been distributed to all the remote stations, the security profile is then activated in all the remote stations with this command.

Predefined Profile Name

This parameter displays the predefined security profile available for activation on all remote stations.

To activate the security profile in remote stations:

This process assumes that a security profile has been setup into the base station (see ‘Security > Setup’ on page 117) and distributed to all remote radios in the network.

Note: Do not navigate SuperVisor away from this page during the activation process (SuperVisor can lose PC focus).

1. Click Start Activation

The remote stations will be polled to determine which radios require activation:

Result	Function (X of Y)
Remote Radios Polled for	X is the number of radios polled to determine if the radio contains
New Profile	the new security profile.
	Y is the number of remote radios registered with the base station.
Remote Radios Activated	X is the number of radios activated.
	Y is the number of radios with the new security profile requiring
	activation.
Remote Radios On New	X is the number of radios activated and on the new security
Profile	profile.
	Y is the number of radios with the new security profile that have
	been activated.

When the activation is ready to start:

3. Click on ‘OK’ to start the activation process or Cancel to quit.

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Maintenance

Maintenance > Summary

This page displays the current settings for the Maintenance parameters.

DIAGNOSTICS

Last RX Packet RSSI (dBm)

This parameter displays the receiver RSSI reading taken from the last data packet received.

GENERAL

Local Status Polling Period (sec)

This parameter displays the rate at which SuperVisor refreshes the Local Radio alarm LED states and RSSI value.

Remote Status Polling Period (sec)

This parameter displays the rate at which SuperVisor refreshes the Remote Radio alarm LED states and RSSI value.

Inactivity Timeout (min)

This parameter displays the period of user inactivity before SuperVisor automatically logs out of the radio.

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132 | Managing the Radio

NETWORK

Node Registration Retry (sec)

This parameter displays the base station poll time at startup or the remote / repeater station time between retries until registered.

Base Station Announcement Period (min)

This parameter displays the period between base station polls post startup. The default setting is 1440 minutes (24 hours).

Node Missed Poll Count

This parameter displays the number of times the base station attempts to poll the network at startup or if a duplicate IP is detected when a remote / repeater station is replaced.

RF Interface MAC address

This parameter displays the RF Interface MAC address when the radio is part of a Protected Station.

UPGRADE

USB Boot Cycle Upgrade

This parameter shows the type of USB Boot Cycle upgrade defined in ‘Software Setup > USB Boot Upgrade’ on page 155.

TEST MODE

Packet Response Timeout (ms)

This parameter displays the time Test Mode waits for a response from the base station before it times out and retries.

Transmit Period (sec)

This parameter displays the time between Test Mode requests to the base station.

Response Timeout (ms)

This parameter sets the time Test Mode waits for a response from the base station before it times out and retries. The default setting is 3000 ms.

RSSI Enter Button Timeout (sec)

This parameter displays the Test Mode timeout period. The radio will automatically exit Test Mode after the Timeout period.

Transmitter Timeout (sec)

This parameter displays the transmitter Test Mode timeout period. The radio will automatically exit the transmitter Test Mode after the Timeout period.

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LICENCE

Remote Management

This parameter displays if Remote Management is enabled or disabled. The default setting is enabled.

Ethernet OTA (over the air)

This parameter displays if Ethernet traffic is enabled or disabled. The Ethernet OTA will be enabled if the Ethernet feature licence has been purchased (see ‘Maintenance > Licence’ on page 140).

SNMP Management

This parameter displays if SNMP management is enabled or disabled. The default setting is enabled.

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134 | Managing the Radio

Maintenance > General

GENERAL

Local Status Polling Period (sec)

This parameter sets the rate at which SuperVisor refreshes the Local Radio alarm LED states and RSSI value. The default setting is 10 seconds.

Network View Polling Period (sec)

This parameter sets the rate at which SuperVisor polls all remote radios for status and alarm reporting. The default setting is 20 seconds.

Remote Status Polling Period (sec)

This parameter sets the rate at which SuperVisor refreshes the Remote Radio alarm LED states and RSSI value. To avoid problems when managing Aprisa SR Networks, ensure that the Remote Polling Period is set to be longer than the Inband Management Timeout (set on page 82). The default setting is 20 seconds.

Inactivity Timeout (min)

This parameter sets the period of user inactivity before SuperVisor automatically logs out of the radio. The default setting is 15 minutes.

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Write Alarm History to USB

This parameter when enabled writes the alarm history file to a USB flash drive into the Host Port .

The file is a space delimited text file with a file name in the format ‘alarm_ipaddress_date,time’ e.g. ‘alarm_172.17.10.17_2000-01-13,17.13.45.txt’.

The maximum number of event entries that can be stored is 1500 alarms.

The following table is an example of the alarm history file generated:

	Index	Event Name	Severity	State	Time	Additional Information
	1	softwareStartUp	information	0	2011-05-08,12:26:31.0	Power on Reset
	2	softwareStartUp	information	0	2011-05-08,12:56:33.0	Power on Reset
	3	protPeerCommunicationsLost	major	1	2011-05-08,12:56:39.0	Ethernet Comm Lost with Peer
	4	protSwitchOccurred	information	0	2011-05-08,12:56:39.0	Keepalive missed from Active
	5	protPeerCommunicationsLost	cleared	2	2011-05-08,12:56:40.0	Alarm Cleared
	6	rfNoReceiveData	warning	1	2011-05-08,12:56:53.0	RF No Rx Data for 6 seconds
	7	eth2NoRxData	warning	1	2011-05-08,12:57:03.0	ETH2 has not received data for 21
						seconds
	8	rfNoReceiveData	cleared	2	2011-05-08,12:57:05.0
	9	rfNoReceiveData	warning	3	2011-05-08,12:57:12.0	RF No Rx Data for 6 seconds
	10	rfNoReceiveData	cleared	4	2011-05-08,12:57:23.0
	11	serialNoRxData	warning	1	2011-05-08,12:57:25.0	Serial has not received data for 44
						seconds
	12	rfNoReceiveData	warning	5	2011-05-08,12:57:29.0	RF No Rx Data for 6 seconds
	13	rfNoReceiveData	cleared	6	2011-05-08,12:57:59.0

State

The State column is an indication of whether the event is active or not. An even number indicates an inactive state while an odd number indicates an active state.

The AUX LED will flash orange while the file is copying to the USB flash drive.

Delete Alarm History file

This parameter when activated deletes the alarm history file stored in the radio.

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136 | Managing the Radio

REBOOT

To reboot the radio:

1.Select Maintenance > General.

2.Tick the ‘Reboot’ checkbox.

3. Click ‘Save’ to apply the changes or ‘Cancel’ to restore the current value.

4. Click ‘OK’ to reboot the radio or ‘Cancel’ to abort. All the radio LEDS will flash repeatedly for 1 second. The radio will be operational again in about 10 seconds.

The OK, DATA, and CPU LEDS will light green and the RF LED will be green if the network is operating correctly.

5. Login to SuperVisor.

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Maintenance > Test Mode

TRANSMITTER

PRBS Test Enabled

When active, the transmitter outputs a continuous PRBS signal. This can be used for evaluating the output spectrum of the transmitter and verifying adjacent channel power and spurious emission products.

Deviation Test Enabled

When active, the transmitter outputs a sideband tone at the deviation frequency used by the CPFSK modulator. This can be used to evaluate the local oscillator leakage and sideband rejection performance of the transmitter.

CW Test Enabled

When active, the transmitter outputs a continuous wave signal. This can be used to verify the frequency stability of the transmitter.

Test Mode Timeout (s)

This parameter sets the Transmitter Test Mode timeout period. The radio will automatically exit Transmitter Test Mode after the Timeout period. The default setting is 10 seconds.

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138 | Managing the Radio

RSSI ENTER BUTTON

Response Timeout (ms)

This parameter sets the time RSSI Test Mode waits for a response from the base station before it times out and retries. The default setting is 3000 ms.

Transmit Period (sec)

This parameter sets the time between RSSI Test Mode requests to the base station. The default setting is 5 seconds.

Test Mode Timeout (s)

This parameter sets the RSSI Test Mode timeout period. The radio will automatically exit RSSI Test Mode after the Timeout period. The default setting is 600 seconds.

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Maintenance > Defaults

DEFAULTS

The Maintenance Defaults page is only available for the local terminal.

Restore Factory Defaults

When activated, all radio parameters will be set to the factory default values. This includes resetting the radio IP address to the default of 169.254.50.10.

Note: Take care using this command.

Save User Defaults

When activated, all current radio parameter settings will be saved to non-volatile memory within the radio.

Restore User Defaults

When activated, all radio parameters will be set to the settings previously saved using ‘Save User Defaults’.

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140 | Managing the Radio

Maintenance > Licence

LICENCE

Fully Featured Radio

When a fully featured Aprisa SR radio is purchased (indicated by the AA), it contains the licences which activate Remote Management, Ethernet Traffic, and SNMP Management e.g.

Part Number	Part Description
APSR-N400-012-SO-12-ETAA	4RF Aprisa SR, BR, 400-470 MHz, 12.5 kHz, SO, 12 VDC, ET, AA

Serial Only Radio

If a Serial Only Aprisa SR radio is purchased (indicated by the A1), Ethernet Traffic is not enabled.

Part Number	Part Description
APSR-N400-012-SO-12-ETA1	4RF Aprisa SR, BR, 400-470 MHz, 12.5 kHz, SO, 12 VDC, ET, A1

Feature Licences

Feature Licences can be purchased to enable features if they were not purchased initially.

One license key is required per feature and per radio serial number.

Part Number	Part Description
APSA-LSRF-FET	4RF Aprisa SR Acc, Licence, Feature, Ethernet Traffic

When Ethernet traffic is enabled, the Ethernet port status must be set to enabled to allow Ethernet data communication over the radio link (see ‘Ethernet > Port Setup’ on page 108).

In this software version, Remote Management and SNMP management are enabled by default.

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Maintenance > Advanced

NETWORK

Node Registration Retry (sec)

This parameter sets the base station poll time at startup or the remote / repeater station time between retries until registered. The default setting is 10 seconds.

Base Station Announcement Period (min)

This parameter sets the period between base station polls post startup. The default setting is 1440 minutes (24 hours).

When a new base station powers on, it announces its presence and each remote that receives the announcement message will be advised that a new base station is present and that they should re-register. This allows the new base station to populate its Network Table, with knowledge of the nodes in the network.

If, during this initial period, there is some temporary path disturbance to one or more remotes, they may miss the initial announcement messages and be left unaware of the base station change. For this reason, the base station must periodically send out announcement messages to pick up any stray nodes and the period of these messages is the base station Announcement Period.

Setting this parameter to 0 will stop periodic announcement messages being transmitted.

If a critical parameter is changed in the base station, such as IP address, then the change is distributed to the network using base station announcement message. Note that in this case, an announcement is sent immediately independent of the Announcement Period setting.

Aprisa SR User Manual