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ZyXEL Communications
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VMG8324B10A
User Manual
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ZyXEL Communications VMG8324B10A User Manual

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Quick Start Guide
VMG8324-B10A and VMG8324­B30A Series
Wireless N VDSL2 VoIP Combo WAN Gigabit IAD
Version 1.00 Edition 1, 11/2013
User’s Guide
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address http://192.168.1.1 Login admin Password 1234
www.zyxel.com
IMPORTANT! READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the Device and get up and running right away.
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide2
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide .......................................................................................................................................15
Introducing the Device ............................................................................................................................17
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................................. 25
Quick Start ...............................................................................................................................................33
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................35
Network Map and Status Screens ...........................................................................................................37
Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................43
Wireless .................................................................................................................................................. 71
Home Networking ..................................................................................................................................107
Routing ..................................................................................................................................................131
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................139
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................157
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................175
Interface Group .....................................................................................................................................179
USB Service ..........................................................................................................................................185
Power Management .............................................................................................................................. 193
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................197
MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................205
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................207
Scheduler Rule ...................................................................................................................................... 211
Certificates ............................................................................................................................................213
VPN ....................................................................................................................................................... 221
Voice ..................................................................................................................................................... 235
Log .......................................................................................................................................................267
Traffic Status ........................................................................................................................................271
VoIP Status ...........................................................................................................................................275
ARP Table ............................................................................................................................................. 277
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................................ 279
IGMP/MLD Status ................................................................................................................................281
xDSL Statistics ...................................................................................................................................... 283
3G Statistics ......................................................................................................................................... 287
User Account .........................................................................................................................................289
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................291
TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................ 295
TR-064 ..................................................................................................................................................297
SNMP ....................................................................................................................................................299
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................301
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
3
Contents Overview
E-mail Notification .................................................................................................................................305
Logs Setting .........................................................................................................................................307
Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................ 311
Configuration .........................................................................................................................................313
Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................317
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................... 323
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VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5
Part I: User’s Guide .........................................................................................15
Chapter 1
Introducing the Device.......................................................................................................................17
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................17
1.2 Ways to Manage the Device .............................................................................................................17
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device ..............................................................................................17
1.4 Applications for the Device ...............................................................................................................18
1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................18
1.4.2 Device’s USB Support ............................................................................................................. 19
1.5 LEDs (Lights) .................................................................................................................................... 20
1.6 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................22
1.7 Wireless Access ................................................................................................................................22
1.7.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons ...........................................................................................22
1.8 Wall-mounting Instructions ................................................................................................................ 23
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator........................................................................................................................25
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................25
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................25
2.2 Web Configurator Layout ..................................................................................................................27
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................27
2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................28
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................29
Chapter 3
Quick Start...........................................................................................................................................33
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................33
3.2 Quick Start Setup .............................................................................................................................. 33
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................35
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Network Map and Status Screens.....................................................................................................37
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................37
4.2 The Network Map Screen .................................................................................................................37
4.3 The Status Screen .............................................................................................................................38
Chapter 5
Broadband...........................................................................................................................................43
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................43
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................43
5.1.2 What You Need to Know .......................................................................................................... 44
5.1.3 Before You Begin ..................................................................................................................... 47
5.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................47
5.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................49
5.3 The 3G Backup Screen ..................................................................................................................... 57
5.4 The Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................61
5.5 The 802.1x Screen ............................................................................................................................62
5.5.1 Edit 802.1X Settings ................................................................................................................ 63
5.6 The WAN Status Screen ...................................................................................................................63
5.7 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................64
Chapter 6
Wireless...............................................................................................................................................71
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................71
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................71
6.1.2 What You Need to Know .......................................................................................................... 72
6.2 The General Screen ......................................................................................................................... 72
6.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................75
6.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ..........................................................................................................75
6.2.3 Basic (802.1X) .........................................................................................................................76
6.2.4 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................79
6.2.5 WPA(2) Authentication ............................................................................................................. 80
6.3 The More AP Screen ......................................................................................................................... 81
6.3.1 Edit More AP .......................................................................................................................... 83
6.4 MAC Authentication ..........................................................................................................................85
6.5 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................86
6.6 The WMM Screen .............................................................................................................................87
6.7 The WDS Screen ..............................................................................................................................88
6.7.1 WDS Scan ...............................................................................................................................89
6.8 The Others Screen ............................................................................................................................90
6.9 The Channel Status Screen ..............................................................................................................92
6.10 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................ 92
6.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................... 92
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6.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms ..................................................................................................... 94
6.10.3 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................... 94
6.10.4 Signal Problems .................................................................................................................... 96
6.10.5 BSS .......................................................................................................................................97
6.10.6 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................97
6.10.7 Preamble Type ......................................................................................................................98
6.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) .....................................................................................98
6.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) .................................................................................................98
Chapter 7
Home Networking.............................................................................................................................107
7.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................107
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................107
7.1.2 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................108
7.1.3 Before You Begin ...................................................................................................................109
7.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................................109
7.3 The Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................................. 113
7.4 The UPnP Screen ........................................................................................................................... 114
7.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example ............................................................................................. 115
7.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................................ 118
7.7 The Additional Subnet Screen ........................................................................................................124
7.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen .............................................................................................................125
7.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen .........................................................................................................125
7.10 The LAN VLAN Screen .................................................................................................................126
7.11 The Wake on LAN Screen .............................................................................................................127
7.12 Technical Reference ...................................................................................................................... 128
7.12.1 LANs, WANs and the Device ...............................................................................................128
7.12.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................ 128
7.12.3 DNS Server Addresses .......................................................................................................128
7.12.4 LAN TCP/IP .........................................................................................................................129
Chapter 8
Routing ..............................................................................................................................................131
8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................131
8.2 The Routing Screen ........................................................................................................................132
8.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................133
8.3 The DNS Route Screen ..................................................................................................................134
8.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen .................................................................................................134
8.4 The Policy Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................135
8.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding ...................................................................................................136
8.5 RIP ..............................................................................................................................................137
8.5.1 The RIP Screen .....................................................................................................................137
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Chapter 9
Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................139
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................139
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................139
9.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................................139
9.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ..........................................................................................141
9.4 The Queue Setup Screen ...............................................................................................................142
9.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ........................................................................................................... 143
9.5 The Class Setup Screen .................................................................................................................144
9.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ..............................................................................................................146
9.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen .......................................................................................................149
9.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer ......................................................................................................... 150
9.7 The QoS Monitor Screen ...............................................................................................................151
9.8 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................152
Chapter 10
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................157
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................157
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................157
10.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................157
10.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................158
10.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ...................................................................................................160
10.3 The Applications Screen ............................................................................................................... 161
10.3.1 Add New Application ...........................................................................................................162
10.4 The Port Triggering Screen ...........................................................................................................162
10.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .............................................................................................164
10.5 The DMZ Screen ........................................................................................................................... 165
10.6 The ALG Screen ...........................................................................................................................166
10.7 The Address Mapping Screen ....................................................................................................... 166
10.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..........................................................................................167
10.8 The Address Mapping Screen ....................................................................................................... 168
10.9 The Sessions Screen ....................................................................................................................169
10.10 Technical Reference ....................................................................................................................169
10.10.1 NAT Definitions ..................................................................................................................170
10.10.2 What NAT Does .................................................................................................................171
10.10.3 How NAT Works ................................................................................................................172
10.10.4 NAT Application ................................................................................................................. 173
Chapter 11
Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................175
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................175
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................175
11.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................176
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11.2 The DNS Entry Screen ..................................................................................................................176
11.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry .............................................................................................................177
11.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................ 177
Chapter 12
Interface Group.................................................................................................................................179
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................179
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................179
12.2 The Interface Group Screen .......................................................................................................... 179
12.2.1 Interface Group Configuration .............................................................................................180
12.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .................................................................................................182
Chapter 13
USB Service ......................................................................................................................................185
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................185
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................185
13.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................185
13.1.3 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................187
13.2 The File Sharing Screen ...............................................................................................................188
13.2.1 The Add New Share Screen ................................................................................................189
13.2.2 The Add New User Screen ..................................................................................................190
13.3 The Media Server Screen .............................................................................................................190
13.4 Printer Server ............................................................................................................................... 191
13.4.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................191
13.4.2 The Printer Server Screen ................................................................................................... 192
Chapter 14
Power Management..........................................................................................................................193
14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................193
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................193
14.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................193
14.2 The Power Management Screen ..................................................................................................193
14.3 The Auto Switch Off Screen .......................................................................................................... 194
14.3.1 The Auto Switch Off Add/Edit Screen .................................................................................. 195
14.3.2 The Add/Edit Rule Screen ...................................................................................................195
Chapter 15
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................197
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................197
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................197
15.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................198
15.2 The Firewall Screen ...................................................................................................................... 199
15.3 The Protocol Screen ....................................................................................................................199
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
15.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ..............................................................................................................200
15.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................201
15.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ........................................................................................................202
15.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................204
Chapter 16
MAC Filter..........................................................................................................................................205
16.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................205
16.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................205
Chapter 17
Parental Control................................................................................................................................207
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................207
17.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................207
17.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Rule .........................................................................................208
Chapter 18
Scheduler Rule..................................................................................................................................211
18.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 211
18.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen .......................................................................................................... 211
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ............................................................................................................212
Chapter 19
Certificates........................................................................................................................................213
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................213
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................213
19.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................213
19.3 The Local Certificates Screen ....................................................................................................... 213
19.3.1 Create Certificate Request ................................................................................................. 214
19.3.2 Load Signed Certificate ......................................................................................................215
19.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................216
19.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate .................................................................................................218
19.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ..............................................................................................219
Chapter 20
VPN ....................................................................................................................................................221
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................221
20.2 The IPSec VPN General Screen ...................................................................................................221
20.3 The IPSec VPN Add/Edit Screen ..................................................................................................222
20.4 The IPSec VPN Monitor Screen ....................................................................................................228
20.5 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................228
20.5.1 IPSec Architecture ...............................................................................................................228
20.5.2 Encapsulation ......................................................................................................................229
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Table of Contents
20.5.3 IKE Phases .........................................................................................................................230
20.5.4 Negotiation Mode ................................................................................................................231
20.5.5 IPSec and NAT ....................................................................................................................232
20.5.6 VPN, NAT, and NAT Traversal .............................................................................................232
20.5.7 ID Type and Content ............................................................................................................233
20.5.8 Pre-Shared Key ...................................................................................................................234
20.5.9 Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Groups ..........................................................................................234
Chapter 21
Voice ..................................................................................................................................................235
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................235
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................235
21.1.2 What You Need to Know About VoIP ...................................................................................236
21.2 Before You Begin ..........................................................................................................................236
21.3 The SIP Account Screen ..............................................................................................................236
21.3.1 The SIP Account Add/Edit Screen ......................................................................................237
21.4 The SIP Service Provider Screen ................................................................................................241
21.4.1 The SIP Service Provider Add/Edit Screen ........................................................................242
21.4.2 Dial Plan Rules ....................................................................................................................248
21.5 The Phone Screen .......................................................................................................................249
21.6 The Call Rule Screen ....................................................................................................................249
21.7 The Call History Summary Screen ................................................................................................250
21.8 The Call History Outgoing Calls Screen ........................................................................................251
21.9 The Call History Incoming Calls Screen ........................................................................................ 251
21.10 Technical Reference ....................................................................................................................252
21.10.1 Quality of Service (QoS) ....................................................................................................260
21.10.2 Phone Services Overview .................................................................................................260
Chapter 22
Log ....................................................................................................................................................267
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................267
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................267
22.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................267
22.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................268
22.3 The Security Log Screen ...............................................................................................................269
Chapter 23
Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................271
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................271
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................271
23.2 The WAN Status Screen ............................................................................................................... 271
23.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................273
23.4 The NAT Status Screen .................................................................................................................274
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
Chapter 24
VoIP Status.......................................................................................................................................275
24.1 The VoIP Status Screen ................................................................................................................275
Chapter 25
ARP Table..........................................................................................................................................277
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................277
25.1.1 How ARP Works ..................................................................................................................277
25.2 ARP Table Screen .........................................................................................................................277
Chapter 26
Routing Table....................................................................................................................................279
26.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................279
26.2 The Routing Table Screen .............................................................................................................279
Chapter 27
IGMP/MLD Status .............................................................................................................................281
27.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................281
27.2 The IGMP/MLD Group Status Screen ...........................................................................................281
Chapter 28
xDSL Statistics..................................................................................................................................283
28.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen ...........................................................................................................283
Chapter 29
3G Statistics .....................................................................................................................................287
29.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................287
29.2 The 3G Statistics Screen ...............................................................................................................287
Chapter 30
User Account ....................................................................................................................................289
30.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................289
30.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................289
Chapter 31
Remote Management........................................................................................................................291
31.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................291
31.2 The Remote MGMT Screen .......................................................................................................... 291
31.3 The Trust Domain Screen .............................................................................................................292
31.4 The Add Trust Domain Screen ......................................................................................................293
Chapter 32
TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................295
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VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
Table of Contents
32.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................295
32.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................295
Chapter 33
TR-064................................................................................................................................................297
33.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................297
33.2 The TR-064 Screen .......................................................................................................................297
Chapter 34
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................299
34.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................299
34.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................299
Chapter 35
Time Settings....................................................................................................................................301
35.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................301
35.2 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................301
Chapter 36
E-mail Notification............................................................................................................................305
36.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................305
36.2 The Email Notification Screen .......................................................................................................305
36.2.1 Email Notification Edit ........................................................................................................306
Chapter 37
Logs Setting ..................................................................................................................................... 307
37.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................307
37.2 The Log Settings Screen ...............................................................................................................307
37.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................308
Chapter 38
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................311
38.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 311
38.2 The Firmware Screen .................................................................................................................... 311
Chapter 39
Configuration ....................................................................................................................................313
39.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................313
39.2 The Configuration Screen .............................................................................................................313
39.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................315
Chapter 40
Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................317
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
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Table of Contents
40.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................317
40.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................317
40.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................317
40.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ...................................................................................................318
40.4 802.1ag .........................................................................................................................................319
40.5 OAM Ping ......................................................................................................................................320
Chapter 41
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................323
41.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................323
41.2 Device Access and Login .............................................................................................................. 324
41.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................326
41.4 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................327
41.5 USB Device Connection ................................................................................................................328
41.6 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................328
Appendix A Customer Support ........................................................................................................329
Appendix B Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address.......................................................................335
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................357
Appendix D Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................365
Appendix E Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................375
Appendix F IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................389
Appendix G Services .......................................................................................................................397
Appendix H Legal Information .........................................................................................................401
Index ..................................................................................................................................................405
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VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
PART I
User’s Guide
15
16
1.1 Overview
The Device is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway . It has a DSL port and a Gigabit Ethernet port for super-fast Internet access. The Device supports both Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+ in case VDSL is not available.
Only use firmware for your Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your Device.
The Device has two USB ports for sharing files via a USB storage device, sharing a USB printer, or connecting a 3G dongle for a WAN backup connection.
• The VMG8324-B10A works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).
• The VMG8324-B30A works over ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) or T-ISDN (UR-2).
CHAPTER 1
Introducing the Device
1.2 Ways to Manage the Device
Use any of the following methods to manage the Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Device using a (supported) web browser.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device
Do the following things regularly to make the Device more secure and to manage the Device more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not ha ve to totally re-configure the Device. You could simply restore your last configuration.
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide 17
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
ADSL / VDSL
WLAN
PPPoE
IPoE
Bridging
WAN
ADSL
IPoA
WAN
LAN
LAN
WLAN
A
A
PPPoA
IPoE
PPPoE
Bridging
1.4 Applications for the Device
Here are some example uses for which the Device is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Your Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or VDSL. The Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you
configure in the Device. Refer to Section 5.2 on page 47 for the Network Setting > Broadband screen.
Computers can connect to the Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1 Device’s Internet Access Application
18
You can also configure IP filtering on the Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
1.4.2 Device’s USB Support
B
A
B
A
The USB port of the Device is used for file-sharing, media server and printer-sharing.
File Sharing
Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can connect one USB hard drive to the Device at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device.
Figure 2 USB File Sharing Application
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
Media Server
You can also use the Device as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the Device’s USB port (without having to copy them to another computer).
Figure 3 USB Media Server Application
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
19
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
2.4G 5G
Printer Server
The Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USB printer to one of the USB ports on the Device and then configuring a TCP/IP port on the computers connected to your network.
Figure 4 Sharing a USB Printer
1.5 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 5 LEDs on the Device
None of the LEDs are on if the Device is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Green On The Device is receiving power and ready for use.
PWR/SYS
Red On The Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
Green On The ADSL line is up.
DSL
Orange On The VDSL line is up.
Blinking The Device is self-testing.
malfunction.
Off The Device is not receiving power.
Blinking The Device is initializing the ADSL line.
Blinking The Device is initializing the VDSL line. Off The DSL line is down.
20
VMG8324-B10A / VMG8324-B30A Series User’s Guide
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Green On The Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
INTERNET
WAN
LAN
WiFi 2.4G
Phone1, Phone2
USB1
USB2
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the
DSL connection is up. Blinking The Device is sending or receiving IP traffic. Off There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red On The Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
Green On The Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN. Blinking The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 1000 Mbps.
Orange On The Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethe rnet connection on the
WAN. Blinking The Device is sending or receivin g data to/from the WAN at 10/100
Mbps. Off There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
Green On The Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN). Blinking The Device is sending o r receiving data to/from the LAN at 1000 Mbps. Off The Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
Green On The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking The Device is communicating with other wireless clients.
Orange Blinking The Device is setting up a WPS connection.
Off The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Green On A SIP account is registered for the phone port.
Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook
or there is an incoming call.
Orange On A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice
message in the corresponding SIP account. Blinking A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook
and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account. Off The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
Green On The Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
Blinking The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected
to it. Off The Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
Green On The Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB2 slot.
Blinking The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected
to it. Off The Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB2 slot.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
1.6 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the W eb Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that y ou will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.
1 Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on (not blinking).
2 To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or
until the PWR/SYS LED begins to blink and then release it. When the PWR/SYS LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
1.7 Wireless Access
The Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables.
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button.
Figure 6 Wireless Access Example
1.7.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons
If the wireless network is turned off, press the Wi-Fi button for one second. Once the WiFi 2.4G LED turns green, the wireless network is active.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the Device and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
1 Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on and not blinking.
2 Press the WPS button for five seconds and release it.
3 Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the Device. The WiFi 2.4G
LED flashes orange while the Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
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4 Once the connection is successfully made, the WiFi 2.4G LED shines green.
To turn off the wireless network, press the Wi-Fi button for one to five seconds. The WiFi 2.4G LED turns off when the wireless network is off.
1.8 Wall-mounting Instructions
Do the following to hang your Device on a wall.
1 Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall.
2 Hold the bracket against the wall and mark where to drill the holes.
3 Drill the two screw holes in the wall.
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws.
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
4 Align and insert the bracket to the wall-mounting notches on the rear panel of the Device.
5 Push the bracket up to tightly attach it to the Device.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
6 Mount the Device on the screws which are already installed on the wall. Make sure that the Device
is firmly attached to the screws so it does not fall off.
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2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
CHAPTER 2
The Web Configurator
See Appendix D on page 365 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1 Make sure your Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2 Launch your web browser. If the Device does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go
to http://192.168.1.1.
3 A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the Device,
type the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If advanced account security is enabled (see Section 30.2 on page 289) the number of dots that appears when you type the password changes randomly to prevent anyone watching the password field from knowing the length of your password. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Figure 7 Password Screen
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
4 The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly
recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.
Figure 8 Change Password Screen
5 The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet
access, and wireless settings. See Chapter 3 on page 33 for more information.
6 After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears.
Figure 9 Network Map
7 Click Status to display the Status screen, where you can view the Device’s interface and system
information.
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2.2 Web Configurator Layout
B
C
A
Figure 10 Screen Layout
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON DESCRIPTION
Language: Select the language you prefer.
Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the Device’s time zone Internet access, and wireless settings.
Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.
After you click Status on the Connection Status page, the Status screen is displayed. See
Chapter 4 on page 38 for more information about the Status screen.
If you click Virtual Device on the System Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing the connection status of the Device’s ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports are gray.
Figure 11 Virtual Device
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2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure Device features. The following tables describe each menu ite m.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Connection Status This screen shows the network status of the Device and computers/
Network Setting
Broadband Broadband Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP
3G Backup Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection. Advanced Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex
802.1x Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the
Wan Status Use this screen to view historical traffic transmission statistics of a
Wireless General Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
More AP Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the Device. MAC
Authentication WPS Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected
WMM Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM). WDS Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links to
Others Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Channel Status Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the
Home Networking
LAN Setup Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
Static DHCP Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
UPnP Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off. Additional
Subnet STB Vendor ID Use this screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP
5th Ethernet port
LAN VLAN Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags
Wake on Lan Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the network.
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
devices connected to it.
address assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add new WAN connections.
J, and DSL PhyR functions.
Device.
WAN interface.
authentication/security settings.
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the Device.
Setup) settings.
other access points.
results.
properties.
addresses.
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP addresses.
Use this screen to configure the role of th e WAN port. It can be either the Ethernet WAN or a LAN port.
of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Routing Static Route Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the Device.
QoS General Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
NAT Port Forwarding Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
DNS DNS Entry Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Interface Group
USB Service File Sharing Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Device.
Power Management
Security Settings
Firewall General Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
MAC Filter Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
DNS Route
Policy Forwarding
RIP
Queue Setup Use this screen to configure QoS queues. Class Setup Use this screen to define a classifier. Policer Setup Use these screens to configure QoS policers.
Applications Use this screen to configure servers behind the Device. Port Triggering Use this screen to change your Device’s port triggering settings. DMZ Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets
ALG Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG. Address Mapping Use this screen to change your Device’s address mapping settings. Sessions Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions
Dynamic DNS Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP
Media Server Use this screen to use the Device as a media server. Printer Server Use this screen to enable the print server on the Device and get the
Power Management
Auto Switch Off This screen is only available for supervis ors. Use this screen to
Protocol Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules. Access Control Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
DoS Use this screen to activate protection against De nial of Service ( DoS)
Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the Device.
Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to exchange routing information with other routers.
configure the QoS rules and actions.
world.
from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.
each client host is allowed to have through the Device.
address. Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
model name of the associated printer. This screen is only available for supervisors. Use this screen to
manually turn on/off specific interface(s) and/or all LEDs immediately.
configure schedules to have the Device automatically turn on/off specific interface(s) and/or all LEDs.
services.
attacks.
addresses to the Device.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Parental Control
Scheduler Rules
Certificates Local Certificates Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
Trusted CA
IPSec VPN Setup Use this screen to add or edit VPN policies.
Monitor Use this screen to view the status of all IPSec VPN tunnels. You can
VoIP
SIP SIP Account
SIP Service Provider
Phone Call Rule
Call History Call History
Summary Call History
Outgoing Call History
Incoming
Line Test This screen is only available for supervisors. Use this screen to do
System Monitor
Log System Log Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the
Security Log Use this screen to view the login re cord of the Device. Y ou can export
Traffic Status WAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
LAN Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
NAT Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
VoIP Status Use this screen to view VoIP registration, current call statust and
ARP Table Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC
Routing Table Use this screen to view the routing table on the Device. IGMP/MLD
Group Status xDSL Statistics Use this screen to view the Device’s xDSL traffic statistics. 3G Statistics Use this screen to look at 3G Internet conn ection status.
Maintenance
Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
certificates and certification requests. Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
also manually initiate a tunnel in this screen.
Use this screen to set up information about your SIP account and configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones connected to the ZyXEL Device.
Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s Voice over IP settings.
Use this screen to select your location and a call service mode. Use this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that
you call often. Use this screen to view a call history list.
Use this screen to view detailed information for each outgoing call you made.
Use this screen to view detailed information for each incoming call from someone calling you.
various tests for a phone line.
Device. You can export or e-mail the logs.
or e-mail the logs.
the WAN port of the Device.
the LAN ports of the Device.
phone numbers for the phone ports.
address of each DHCP connection.
Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the Device.
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK TAB FUNCTION
User Account Use this screen to change user password on the Device. Remote MGMT Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
TR-069 Client Use this screen to configure the Device to be managed by an Auto
TR-064 Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN. SNMP Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Time Use this screen to change your Device’s time and date. Email
Notification Log Setting Use this screen to change your Device’s log settings.
Firmware Upgrade
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
Reboot Use this screen to reboot the Device without turning the power off. Diagnostic Ping &
services.
Configuration Server (ACS).
Protocol) settings.
Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender addresses on the Device.
Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can Tr aceroute & Nslookup
802.1ag Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
OAM Ping Use this screen to view information to help you ident ify problems with
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association),
perform connectivity tests and view test reports.
the DSL connection.
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3.1 Overview
Use the Quick Start screens to configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on page 35) for background
information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
1 The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Click Start icon in
the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of the Device’s location and click Next.
Figure 12 Time Zone
CHAPTER 3
Quick Start
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Chapter 3 Quick Start
2 Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and field s to enter may vary
depending on your current connection type. Click Next. Click Next.
Figure 13 Internet Connection
3 Turn the wireless LAN on or off . If you k eep it on, record the security settings so y ou can configure
your wireless clients to connect to the Device. Click Save.
Figure 14 Internet Connection
4 Your Device saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet.
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PART II
Technical Reference
35
36
Network Map and Status Screens
4.1 Overview
After you log into the Web Configur ator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network connection status of the Device and clients connected to it.
You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the Device, system resources, and interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN).
4.2 The Network Map Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning message appears if there is a connection problem.
CHAPTER 4
Figure 15 Network Map: Icon View Mode
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
If you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change name/ icon.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You can configure how often you want the Device to update this screen in Refresh interval.
Figure 16 Network Map: List View Mode
4.3 The Status Screen
Use this screen to view the status of the Device. Click Status to open this screen.
Figure 17 Status Screen
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the Device to update this screen. Device Information
Host Name This field displays the Device system name. It is used for identification. Model Number This shows the model number of your D evice. Firmware
Version
WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
WAN Ty pe This field displays the current WAN connection type. MAC Address Th is shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your
IP Address This field displays the current IP address of the Device in the WAN. Click Release to
IP Subnet Mask This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN. Encapsulation This field displays the current encapsulation method.
LAN Information
IPv4 Address This is the current IPv4 IP address of the Device in the LAN. IPv4 Subnet
Mask DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:
MAC Address Th is shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your
WLAN Information
MAC Address This shows the wireless adapter MAC (M edia Access Control) Ad dress of your Device. Status This displays whether WLAN is activated. SSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the Device in a wireless LAN. Channel This is the channel number used by the Device now. Security This displays the type of security mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode This displays the type of 802.11 mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN. WPS This displays whether WPS is activated.
Security
Firewall This displays the firewall’s current security level.
System Status
System Up Time
Current Date/ Time
System Resource
This is the current versio n of the firmware inside the Device.
Device.
release your IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew.
This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
Server - The Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The Device is not providing any DHCP servic es to the LAN.
Device.
This field displays how long the Device has been running since it last started up. The Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or when you reset it.
This field displays the current date and time in the Device. You can change this in Maintenance> Time Setting.
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Table 4 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the Device’s processing ability is currently used.
When this percentage is close to 100%, the Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see
Chapter 9 on page 139).
Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the Device’s memory is currently used. Usually,
this percentage should not increase muc h. If memory usage do es get close to 100%, the Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section
39.2 on page 313, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
NAT Session Usage
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface the Device has. Status This field indicates the interface’s use status.
Rate For the Ethernet WAN and LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
This field displays what percentage of the Device supported NAT sessions are currently being used.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line down), Up (line up or connected) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.
For the Ethernet WAN and LAN interface, this field displays Up when using the interface and NoLink when not using the interface.
For the WLAN interface, this field displays the enabled (Active) or disabled (InActive) state of the interface.
For the 3G USB interface, this field displays Up when using the interface and NoDevice when no device is detected in any USB slot.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate. For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate or N/A with WLAN
disabled. For the 3G USB interface, this field displays Up when a 3G USB device is installed in a
USB slot and NoDevice when no device is detected in any USB slot. Registration Status Account This column displays each SIP account in the Device. Action If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server, the Account Status field
displays Registered.
Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registrat ion in the SIP s erver. This does not
cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your
IP address or domain name.
If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server, the Account Status field
displays Not Registered.
Click Register to have the Device attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP
server.
The button is grayed out if the SIP account is disabled.
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Table 4 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Account Status This field displays the curr ent registr ation status of the SI P account. Y o u have to r egister
SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.
Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP
Account.
Not Registered - The last time the Device tried to register the SIP account with the
SIP server, the attempt failed. Use the Register button to register the account again.
The Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the Device
or when you activate it.
Registered - The SIP account is already registered with the SIP server. You can use it
to make a VoIP call. Service-Provider This column displays the service provider name and SIP number for each SIP account. URI This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can
change these in the VoIP > SIP screens.
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
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5.1 Overview
WAN
This chapter discusses the Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your Device for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 18 LAN and WAN
CHAPTER 5
Broadband
3G (third generation) standards for the sending and receiving of voice, video, and data in a mobile environment.
You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the USB port and set the Device to use this 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails.
Figure 19 3G WAN Connection
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
•Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the WAN settings on the Device for Internet access (Section 5.2 on page 47).
•Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 5.3 on page 57).
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Chapter 5 Broadband
•Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR functions (Section 5.4 on page 61).
•Use the 802.1x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1X settings on the Device (Section
5.5 on page 62).
•Use the Wan Status screen to view a WAN interface’s historical traffic transmission rate. (Section 5.6 on page 63).
Table 5 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION
ADSL/VDSL over PTM
ADSL over ATM EoA Routing PPPoE/PPP0A ATM PVC configuration, PPP
EtherWAN N/A Routing PPPoE PPP user name and password, WAN
DSL LINK TYPE
N/A Routing PPPoE PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP
MODE ENCAPSULATION CONNECTION SETTINGS
address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
IPoE IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing
feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
Bridge N/A VLAN and QoS
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
IPoE/IPoA ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6
IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
Bridge N/A ATM PVC configuration, and QoS
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
IPoE W A N IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT,
DNS server and routing feature
Bridge N/A VLAN and QoS
5.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.
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Chapter 5 Broadband
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Device tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit (VC) between Finding Out More
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
3G
3G (Third Generation) is a digital, packet-switched wireless technology. Bandwidth usage is optimized as multiple users share the same channel and bandwidth is only allocated to users when they send data. It allows fast transfer of voice and non-voice data and provides broadband Internet access to mobile devices.
IPv6 Introduction
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 10 addresses. The Device can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and supports IPv6 rapid deployment (6RD).
38
IP
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
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ISP (IPv4)
IPv6 Internet
IPv4
IPv6
BR
IPv6 in IPv4
IPv4 Internet
IPv4
+
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
WAN
- IPv4
- IPv6 in IPv4
• Any number of consecutive blocks of ze ros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4 network. When the Device has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only, you can enable 6rd to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The Device generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 tr affic to the ISP’s Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local network can also use IPv4 services. The Device uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4 traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
Figure 20 IPv6 Rapid Deployment
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ISP (IPv6)
IPv6 Internet
IPv6
AFTR
IPv4 in IPv6
IPv4 Internet
IPv6
IPv4
+
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
WAN
- IPv6
- IPv4 in IPv6
Dual Stack Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network. When the Device has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can enable Dual Stack Lite to use IPv4 computers and services.
The Device tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family Transition Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also use IPv6 services. The Device uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6 Internet.
Figure 21 Dual Stack Lite
5.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and W AN IP address. Get this information from your ISP.
5.2 The Broadband Screen
Use this screen to change your Device’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services
(connections) on the Device.
Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN Interface
# This is the index number of the entry. Name This is the service name of the connection. Type This shows whether it is an ATM, Ethernet or a PTM connection. Mode This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode. Encapsulation This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigne d to traffic sent through this connection. This
802.1q This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
IGMP Proxy This shows whether the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. NAT This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection. Default
Gateway IPv6 This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when
MLD Proxy This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click this button to create a new connection.
displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.
displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
This shows whether the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system default gateway.
the connection uses the bridging service.
connection. MLD is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.
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5.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click Add New WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
5.2.1.1 Routing Mode
Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL/VDSL over ATM connection type, Routing mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface type, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.
Figure 23 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
Chapter 5 Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Specify a descriptive name for this connection. Type Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM, ADSL over ATM connection or Ethernet.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mode Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multipl e computers to
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This
IPv6/IPv4 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the Device to run IPv4 only.
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.) VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 ( 0 to 31 is reserv ed for local management of ATM
DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.
share an Internet account.
option is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field. The choices depend on the connection type you select ed. If your connection type is ADSL/
VDSL over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over ATM, the choices are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA.
Select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack to allow the Device to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time. Select IPv6 Only if you want the Device to run IPv6 only.
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging encapsulation methods.
PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC. IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.
Encapsulation Mode
Service Category
Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
• VC/MUX: In VC multipl exing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
• LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.
• LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Sustainable Cell Rate
Maximum Burst Size
PPP Information (This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.) PPP User Name Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form
PPP Password Enter the password associat ed with the user name above. Select password unmask to
PPP Triger Type Select when to have the Device establish the PPP connection.
Idle Timeout This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automaticall y
PPPoE Service Name
PPPoE Passthrough
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.)
Obtain an IP Address Automatically
DHCP option 60/ Vendor ID
DHCP option 43 Enable
Static IP Address
IP Address Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP. Subnet
Mask Gateway IP
Address
The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
show your entered password in plain text.
Auto Connect - select this to not let the connecti on time out. Connect on Demand - select this to automatically bring up the connection when the
Device receives packets destined for the Internet.Manual - select this if you want to manually trigger the connection up.
disconnects from the PPPoE server. This field is not configurable if you select Auto Connect in the PPP Triger Type field.
Enter the name of your PPPoE service here.
This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation. In addition to the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow
up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the ISP via the Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate. Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client
software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you have a dynamic IP address.
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the class vender ID you want the Device to add in the DHCP Discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the vender specific information you want the Device to add in the DHCP Offer packets. The information is used, for example, for configuring an ACS’s (Auto Configuration Server) URL.
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/ IPv4 Mode field.)
NAT Enable Select this option to activate NAT on this connection. IGMP Proxy
Enable
Apply as Default Gateway
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.)
DNS Select Dynamic if you want the Dev ic e use th e DN S serv er addr es ses a ssi gne d by y ou r IS P.
DNS Server 1 Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the IS P. DNS Server 2 Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP. WAN MAC Address
Factory Default
Clone the computer’s MAC address - IP Address
Set WAN MAC Address
Tunnel (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.)
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Select this option to have the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows the Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Select this option to have th e Device use the W AN interface of this conne ction as the sy stem default gateway.
Select Static if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC address.
Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication.
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
52
The DS-Lite (Dual Stack Lite) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv6 Only. Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on
page 47 for more information.
The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv4 Only. See
IPv6 Rapid Deployment on page 46 for more information.
Enable DS-Lite This is available only when you select IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. Select
Enable to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network.
DS-Lite Relay Server IP
Enable 6RD This is available only when you select IPv4 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. Select
6RD Type Select Static if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server, otherwise select DHCP to
IPv4 Mask Length
6RD Border Relay Server IP
6RD IPv6 Prefix Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Onl y in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.)
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
Enable to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
have the Device detect it automatically through DHCP. Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
When you set the 6RD Type to Static, specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
to the native IPv6 Internet.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Address Select Automatic if you want to have the Device use the IPv6 prefix from the connected
router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
• Select Get IPv6 Address From DHCPv6 Server(IA_NA) if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server. The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address automatically gene rated by the Device using the IPv6 prefix from an RA. This option is available only when you choose to get your IPv6 address automatically.
• Select Prefix Delegation(IA_PD) to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) which enables the Device to pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
Select Static if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP. Select None to not assign any IPv6 address to this WAN connection.
WAN I Pv6 Address
Prefix Length
Next Hop Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy Enable
Apply as Default Gateway
IPv6 DNS Server
IPv6 DNS Select Dynamic to have the Device get the IPv6 DNS server addresses from the ISP
Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address compose the network address.
same segment as your Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Select this checkbox to have the Device act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows the Device to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Select this option to have th e Device use the W AN interface of this conne ction as the sy stem default gateway.
Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
automatically. Select Static to have the Device use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configure
manually.
IPv6 DNS Server 1
IPv6 DNS Server 2
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM.) Active Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. QoS Rate L imit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
WAN Outgoing Default Tag
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
connection.
that contains bits to define class of service. Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
traffic on this connection. Select Enable and enter a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value to have the Device add it in the
packets sent by this WAN interface.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
MTU MTU Size Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
5.2.1.2 Bridge Mode
Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to the connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen varies depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Figure 24 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode )
54
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Enter a service name of the connection. Type Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The Device uses
the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and
NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s). VLAN This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field. Active Select this to add the VLAN Tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this
connection.
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Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
802.1p IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection. QoS Rate L imit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
traffic on this connection. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge
Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge
Mode)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General Active Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings. Name Enter a service name of the connection. Type Select ADSL over ATM as the interface for which you want to configure here. The Device
uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mode Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.) VPI The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you. VCI The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
DSL Link Type This field is not editable. The selectio n depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.
Encapsulation Mode
Service Category
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you
select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and
NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have
multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own
MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for
different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging
encapsulation methods.
PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC.
IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices
are:
• LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
• VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). To transport multiple protocol s, t he Devi ce nee ds se par ate VCs . There is a bin ding between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol Data Unit (PDU) payload.
• LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.
• LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
56
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.
Sustainable Cell Rate
Maximum Burst Size
The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR. Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535. This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge Mode) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
QoS Rate L imit Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
traffic on this connection. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
5.3 The 3G Backup Screen
The USB ports (at the left side panel of the Device) allow you to attach a 3G dongle to wirelessly connect to a 3G network for Internet access. You can have the Device use the 3G WAN connection as a backup. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN ports to use the 3G dongle as your primary WAN connection. The Device automatically uses a wired WAN connection when available.
Note: This Device supports connecting one 3G dongle at a time.
Chapter 5 Broadband
Figure 26 Internet Access Application: 3G WAN
Use this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup.
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Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal
Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General 3G Backup Select Enable to have the Device use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the
Ping Check Select Enable if you want the Device to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You
Check Cycle Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field. Consecutive
PING Fail Ping Default
Gateway Ping the Host Select this to have the Dev ice ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this
3G Connection Settings Card
description
wired WAN connection fails.
can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before
triggering 3G backup.
Enter how many consecutive failures are required before 3G backup is triggered.
Select this to have the Device ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.
field.
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in
the Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Username Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
provider. Password Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
above. PIN A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code,
Dial string Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provide r’s
APN Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
Connection Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.
you cannot use the 3G card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan.
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle
time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Max Idle Timeout
Obtain an IP Address Automatically
Use the following static IP address
IP Address Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP
Obtain DNS info dynamically
Use the following static DNS IP address
Primary DNS server
Secondary DNS server
Enable Email Notification
Mail Server Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Device automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Select this option if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Select this option if the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
address.
Select this to have the Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Select this to have the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a
notification when the 3G connection is up.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen. 3G backup
Send Email Title
T ype a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
sends.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Send Notification to Email
Advanced Click this to show the advanced 3G backup settings. Budget Setup Enable Budget
Control
Time Budget Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the 3G connection can be used
Data Budget (Mbytes)
Data Budget (kPackets)
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Select Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed 3G card. You can
set a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The Device takes the actions you specified
when a limit is exceeded during the month.
within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control,
the Device resets the statistics.
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the
statistics.
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Reset all budget counters on
Reset time and data budget counters
Actions before over budget
Enable % of time budget/ data budget (Mbytes)/data budget (kPackets)
Actions when over budget
Current 3G connection
Actions Enable Email
Notification
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the
statistics.
Select the date on which the Devic e r es et s th e bu dge t e very month. Select last if you want
the Device to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the
number of the date you want the Device to reset the budget
Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with
the 3G connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the
normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data bud g et counters to
reset on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, th e time and data
budget counters will still reset on the second.
Specify the actions the Device takes before the time or data limit exceeds.
Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change the
value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics.
Specify the actions the Device takes when the time or data limit is exceeded.
Select Keep to maintain an existing 3G connection or Drop to disconnect it.
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a
notification when there over budget occurs.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mail Server Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen. Over Budget
Email Title Send
Notification to Email
Interval Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the Device to e-mail you. Enable Log Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field. Basic Click this to hide the advanced settings of 3G backup. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
T ype a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
sends.
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
5.4 The Advanced Screen
Chapter 5 Broadband
Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA (Seamless Rate Adaption) functions. The Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves voice, video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.
Figure 28 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ADSL over PTM Select Enable to use ADSL over PTM. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs
Annex M You can enable Annex M for the Device to use double upstream mode to increase the
PhyR US Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US
use ADSL over PTM for better performance.
maximum upstream transfer rate.
should be enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR US can decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the
CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it
enabled.
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Table 11 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
PhyR DS Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN.
PhyR DS should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise.
However, enabli ng PhyR D S can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will
require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and
have it enabled. SRA Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Enable to have the Device
automatically adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without
interrupting service. Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
5.5 The 802.1x Screen
You can view and configure the 802.1X authentication settings in the 802.1x screen. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x to display the following screen.
Figure 29 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Network Setting > Network Setting > 802.1x
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the entry. Status This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that
Interface This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displ ays N/A when there is no
EAP Identity This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP
EAP method This shows the EAP method used in the authenti cation. This displays N/A when there is no
Bidirectional Authentication
Certificate This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displ ays N/A when there is no
Trusted CA This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device. Cancel Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
this authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies tha t this authentication is not active.
interface assigned.
identity assigned.
EAP method assigned.
This shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed.
certificate assigned.
Trusted CA assigned.
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5.5.1 Edit 802.1X Settings
Use this screen to edit 802.1X authentication settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 30 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Chapter 5 Broadband
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication.
Select this to enable the authenti cation. Clear this to disable this authentication without
having to delete the entry. Interface Select an interface to which the authentication applies. EAP Identity Enter the EAP identity of the authentica tion. EAP method This is the EAP method used for this authentication. Enable
Bidirectional Authentication
Certificate Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
Trusted CA Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Select this to allow bidirectional authentication.
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen.
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Trusted CA screen.
5.6 The WAN Status Screen
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status to open this screen. Use this screen to query and view the historical traffic transmission rate for a WAN interface in a bar chart. N/A displays if the specified WAN interface was disconnected at that time.
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Figure 31 Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Interface Select a WAN interface to see its historical traffic transmission rate in the chart. Direction Select RX or TX to display received traffic only or transmitted traffic only in the chart. Time Interval
Scan Click this to update the chart acco rding to your selected criteria.
Select the time periods to display in the chart. Available choices are Minute, Day, and
Month.
5.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described in this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The Device can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
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IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface
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and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
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In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
T raffic Shaping
T raffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average r ate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 32 Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0 Specification.
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Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections
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that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit R ate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR -R T connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default gateway.
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
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Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
TPID 2 Bytes
User Priority 3 Bits
CFI 1 Bit
VLAN ID 12 Bits
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the
224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the Device periodically updates this information.
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DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
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1 The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you
sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
2 If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Device’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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6.1 Overview
This chapter describes the Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s wireless connection.
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This section describes the Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s wireless connection.
•Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode (Section 6.2 on page 72).
•Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your Device (Section 6.3 on
page 81).
•Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the Device (Section 6.4 on page 85).
•Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) (Section 6.5 on page 86).
•Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless networks for multimedia applications (Section 6.6 on page 87).
•Use the WDS screen to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the Device acts as a bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 6.7 on page 88).
•Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold (Section 6.8 on page 90).
•Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results (Section 6.9 on page 92).
CHAPTER 6
Wireless
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6.1.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
Finding Out More
See Section 6.10 on page 92 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
6.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the Device’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the Device’s new settings.
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Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
Figure 33 Network Setting > Wireless > General
Chapter 6 Wireless
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field. Band This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using. 2.4GHz is the frequency used
Channel Use Auto to have the Device automatically determine a channel to use. more.../less Click more... to show more information. Click less to hide them. Bandwidth Select whether the Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or 40MHz.
Control Sideband
Passphrase Type
by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless clients.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the environment hinders the wireles s signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth field to 40MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field) should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel bands.
If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password.
Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase. Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password. Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.
Passphrase Key For a fix ed type passphr ase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A - Z, with no spaces). It
must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no
spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive. Wireless Network Settings Wireless
Network Name (SSID)
Max clients Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
Enhanced Multicast Forwarding
Maximum Upstream Bandwidth
Maximum Downstream Bandwidth
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is
Security Level
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
enabled.
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Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Select Basic (WEP, 802.1X) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do n ot enable any wireless secu r ity on your Dev i ce, your netw o rk is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Chapter 6 Wireless
on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must
have same wireless security settings as the Device. When you select to use a security,
additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without an y data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Figure 34 Wireless > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Wireless > General: No Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or
authentication.
6.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points (AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.
Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using
widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the wireless devices in your network support. For ex ample, use WP A -PSK o r WP A2-PSK if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Your Device allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be enabled at any one time.
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In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen, then select Basic as the security level.
Figure 35 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption. Generate
password automatically
Password 1~4 The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the Device and the wireless
more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WEP Encryption Select 64-bits or 128-bits.
6.2.3 Basic (802.1X)
Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one
time.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
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Use this screen to configure 802.1X encryption and authentication. Configure your RADIUS server information and WEP encryption settings. Use this security method if your wireless usernames and passwords are configured on a RADIUS server.
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In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen, then select Basic as the security level and 802.1X as the Security Mode.
Figure 36 Wireless > General: Basic (802.1X)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Wireless > General: Basic (802.1X)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select Basic and 802.1X to enable 802.1X data encryption. Generate
password automatically
Password 1~4 The password (WEP key) is used to encrypt data. Both the Device and the wireless station s
more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WEP Encryption Select 64-bits or 128-bits.
IP Address Enter the IP address of an external RADIUS server in dotted decimal notation.
Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one
time.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
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Table 18 Wireless > General: Basic (802.1X) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Number The default port of a RADIUS server for authentication is 1812. You need not change this
Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the k ey to be shared between the
value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.
external RADIUS server and the Device. This key is not sent over the network. This key
must be the same on the external RADIUS server and the Device.
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6.2.4 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the Device and the connecting client share a common password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer , more robust version of the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it less robust than it could be.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 37 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption. Security Mode Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box. Generate
password automatically
Password The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only
more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WPA-PSK
Compatible
Select this option to have the Device automatical ly generate a password. The pass word field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
difference between the two is that WP A(2) -PSK uses a simple common password, instead of
user-specific credentials.
If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a pre-
shared key from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.
Check this field to allow wireless devices us ing WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your
Device. The Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.
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Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group
key out to all clients.
6.2.5 WPA(2) Authentication
The WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least backwards compatible with older devices.
The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Figure 38 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Level Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption. Security Mode Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
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Table 20 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Authentication Server
IP Address Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation. Port
Number
Shared Secret
more.../less Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them. WPA
Compatible Encryption Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is
1812.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so
with additional information.
Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the
external authentication server and the Devic e.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your Device. The key is
not sent over the network.
This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the Device to support WPA and
WPA2 simultaneously.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES. WPA2 Pre-
Authentication
Network Re­auth Interval
Group Key Update Timer
This field is available only when you select WPA2.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting
to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled.
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to
stay connected.
If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer
on the RADIUS server has priority.
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group
key out to all clients.
6.3 The More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the Device.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of the entry. Status This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active.
SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the Device’s BSSs. The SSID
Security Th is field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile. Guest WLAN This displays if the guest WLAN function has been enabled for this WLAN.
Modify Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
(Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated. This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client
scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
If Home Guest displays, clients can connect to each other directly. If External Guest displays, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly. N/A displays if guest WLAN is disabled.
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6.3.1 Edit More AP
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 40 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup Wireless You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field. Passphrase
Type Wireless Network Settings
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Table 22 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Name (SSID)
Max clients Specify t he maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time. Hide SSID Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
Enhanced Multicast Forwarding
Guest WLAN Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN type in
Access Scenario
Maximum Upstream Bandwidth
Maximum Downstream Bandwidth
BSSID This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is
E-mail notification when the wireless guest visit Enable Email
Notification Mail Server Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
Email Title Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
Send Notification to Email
Security Level Security Mode Select Basic (WEP, 802.1X) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
the Access Scenario field.
If you select Home Guest, clients can connect to each other directly.
If you select External Guest, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
enabled.
Select this to have the Device e-mail you a notification when a wireless client is connected
to the wireless network.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
sends.
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must
have same wireless security settings as the Device. After you select to use a security,
additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 6.2.1 on page 75 for more details about this field.
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6.4 MAC Authentication
This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Use this screen to view your Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 41 Wireless > MAC Authentication
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict Mode
Add new MAC address
# This is the index number of the entry. MAC Address This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
Delete Click the Delete icon to delete the entry. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Deny to block access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to
access the Device.
Select Allow to permit access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access
to the Device.
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that
is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Device.
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6.5 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your Device.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS. See Section 6.10.9.3 on page 101 for more information about WPS.
Note: The Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 6.2 on
page 72). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security
mode of SSID1 to WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Figure 42 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WPS Select Enable to activate WPS on the Device. Method 1 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC).
Connect Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the
Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the
outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Connect button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing
this button.
Method 2 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the
Device.
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Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Register Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click
Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s
settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN
to the Device.
Method 3 Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the Dev ice into the
client.
Release Configuratio n
Generate New PIN Number
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
The default WPS status is configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the Device.
The PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the
configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN Number button to have the Device create a new PIN.
6.6 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for multimedia applications.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.
Figure 43 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL DESCRIPTION
WMM Select On to have the Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the
WMM Automatic Power Save Delivery
ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of
Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for
small devices that are running multimedia applications). The Device goes to sleep mode to
save power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the Device
until the Device "wakes up". The Device wakes up periodically to check for incoming data.
Note: Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the Device is connected also
supports this feature.
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Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.7 The WDS Screen
An AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridge allowing you to wirelessly connect two wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to configure the Device to connect to two or more APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled.
Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the Device and other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
Note: WDS security is independ ent of the security settings between the Device and any
wireless clients.
Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models
support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays.
Figure 44 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Bridge Setup AP Mode Select the operating mode for your Device.
• Access Point - The Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously.
• Wireless Bridge - The Device acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes wireless links with other APs. In this mode, clients cannot connect to the Device wirelessly.
Bridge Restrict This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access Point.
Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer device’s MAC address manually in the table below. Select Disable to turn off WDS.
Remote Bridge MAC Address
# This is the index number of the entry. MAC Address This shows the MAC address of the peer device.
Modify Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address
Scan Click the Scan icon to search and display the available APs within range. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
You can enter the MAC address of the peer device by clicking the Edit icon under Modify.
You can connect to up to 4 peer devices.
format (six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc). Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.
6.7.1 WDS Scan
You can click the Scan icon in Wireless > WDS to have the Device automatically search and display the available APs within range. Select an AP and click Apply to have the Device establish a wireless link with the selected wireless device.
Figure 45 WDS: Scan
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 WDS: Scan
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Bridge Scan Setup Refresh Click Refresh to update the table. # This is the index number of the entry. SSID This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range. BSSID This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within range. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.8 The Others Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Others. The screen appears as shown.
See Section 6.10.2 on page 94 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Figure 46 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 28 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold
Fragmentation Threshold
Auto Channel Timer
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347. This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and
2346. If you set the channel to Auto in the Network Setting > Wireless > G eneral screen,
specify the interval in minutes for how often the Device scans for the best channel. Enter 0 to disable the periodical scan.
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Table 28 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Output Power Set the output power of the Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease
the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 100%.
Beacon Interval When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with
802.11 Protection
Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power
mode before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from 50ms to 1000ms. A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 255.
the Device. Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Device. Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Device. Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced.
Enabling this feature can help prevent collis ions in mixed-mode networks (networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your Device might be reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b Only.
Section 6.10.7 on page 98 for more information.
This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b.
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6.9 The Channel Status Screen
Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to scan the wireless LAN channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section.
Figure 47 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status
6.10 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix E on page 375.
6.10.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
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• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 48 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your Device is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID. The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel. Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP. Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a
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variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies.
6.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the Device’s Web Configurator.
Table 29 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the Device.
Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the Device does, it cannot communicate with the Device.
Authentication The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
Fragmentation Threshold
network. A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
6.10.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly . For example, the WP A -PSK securit y standard is very secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
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Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.
6.10.3.1 SSID
Normally , the Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
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6.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address. 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
1
A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
6.10.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
1. Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2. Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.
6.10.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section
6.10.3.3 on page 95 for information about this.)
Table 30 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest No Security WPA
Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Static WEP WPA-PSK
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your Device, you can also select an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the Device.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
6.10.4 Signal Problems
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Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
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coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
6.10.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other . When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 49 Basic Service set
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6.10.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
6.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
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WDS
AP 2
AP 1
A
• Yo u must use di f fe r en t keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
6.10.7 Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the Device uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
6.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
The Device can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links with other APs. Y ou need to kn ow the MAC a ddresses of the APs y ou w ant to link to . Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to your other access point’s documentation for details.
The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it can establish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1 has a WDS link with AP 2, the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2.
Figure 50 WDS Link Example
6.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
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WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.
6.10.9.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1 Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
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2 Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration
utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the Device, see
Section 6.6 on page 87).
3 Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the Device you must press the
WPS button for more than three seconds.
4 Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name
(SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
6.10.9.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, y ou must enter the PIN from one device ( usually the wireless cl ient) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
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1 Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2 Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’ s Guide for how to
do this.
3 Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the
client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the Device, see Section 6.5 on page 86).
4 Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
5 If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
6 Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
7 Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
8 On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect,
WPS was successful. If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility . If
you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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