ZyXEL Communications P-2602H User Manual
P-2602HW(L) Series
802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ VoIP IAD
P-2602H Series
ADSL2+ VoIP IAD
User’s Guide
Version 3.40
12/2006
Edition 2
www.zyxel.com
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web
configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and
topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains
information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
" It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the ZyXEL
Device.
• Supporting Disk
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com
certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
for additional support documentation and product
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
3
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
1 Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
" Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The P-2602HWL-DxA may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the
“system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER]
means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key.
“Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example,
Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click Maintenance in the navigation
panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For
example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000”
or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
4
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is
not an exact representation of your device.
ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computer
Server DSLAM Firewall
Telephone Switch Router
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
5
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
1 For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when
using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
6
This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
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Safety Warnings
8
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 37
Introducing the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................................39
Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 47
Wizard ..................................................................................................................................... 55
Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard .......................................................................................... 57
VoIP Wizard And Example ........................................................................................................71
Bandwidth Management Wizard ................................................................................................ 77
Advanced ................................................................................................................................ 81
Status Screens .......................................................................................................................... 83
WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 93
LAN Setup ............................................................................................................................... 105
Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................117
Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens .......................................................................... 137
Voice ........................................................................................................................................ 149
VoIP Trunking .......................................................................................................................... 175
Phone Usage ........................................................................................................................... 191
Firewalls .................................................................................................................................. 195
Firewall Configuration .............................................................................................................. 207
Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................... 227
Introduction to IPSec ............................................................................................................... 231
VPN Screens ........................................................................................................................... 237
Certificates ............................................................................................................................... 263
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 287
Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................... 291
Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 299
Remote Management Configuration ........................................................................................ 303
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 313
Maintenance and Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 325
System ..................................................................................................................................... 327
Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 331
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 345
Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................... 357
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 361
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 369
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Contents Overview
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P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide ..........................................................................................................3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................4
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6
Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 23
List of Tables...........................................................................................................................31
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 37
Chapter 1
Introducing the ZyXEL Device...............................................................................................39
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 39
1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 40
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device ..................................................................... 40
1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device ...................................................................................... 41
1.4.1 Internet Access ..........................................................................................................41
1.4.2 Making Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider ............................................... 41
1.4.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls ............................................................................................ 42
1.4.4 Firewall for Secure Broadband Internet Access ......................................................... 42
1.4.5 LAN to LAN Application .............................................................................................. 43
1.5 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 44
1.6 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 45
1.6.1 Using The Reset Button ............................................................................................. 45
Chapter 2
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................ 47
2.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 47
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 47
2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ........................................................................................... 50
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................... 50
2.2.2 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 51
2.2.3 Main Window ..............................................................................................................53
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2.2.4 Status Bar ................................................................................................................... 53
Part II: Wizard ......................................................................................... 55
Chapter 3
Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard...................................................................................... 57
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 57
3.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup ............................................................................................. 57
3.2.1 Manual Configuration ................................................................................................. 60
3.3 Wireless Connection Wizard Setup ..................................................................................... 65
3.3.1 Manually Assign a WPA key ...................................................................................... 68
3.3.2 Manually Assign a WEP Key ...................................................................................... 68
Chapter 4
VoIP Wizard And Example...................................................................................................... 71
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 71
4.2 VoIP Wizard Setup .............................................................................................................. 71
Chapter 5
Bandwidth Management Wizard............................................................................................ 77
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 77
5.2 Bandwidth Management Wizard Setup ............................................................................... 77
Part III: Advanced................................................................................... 81
Chapter 6
Status Screens........................................................................................................................ 83
6.1 Status Screen ..................................................................................................................... 83
6.2 Any IP Table ........................................................................................................................ 86
6.3 WLAN Status (“W” models only) .......................................................................................... 87
6.4 Packet Statistics .................................................................................................................. 87
6.5 VoIP Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 89
Chapter 7
WAN Setup...............................................................................................................................93
7.1 WAN Overview .................................................................................................................... 93
7.1.1 Encapsulation ............................................................................................................. 93
7.1.2 Multiplexing ................................................................................................................ 94
7.1.3 VPI and VCI ............................................................................................................... 94
7.1.4 IP Address Assignment .............................................................................................. 94
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7.1.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP) ..................................................................................... 95
7.1.6 NAT ............................................................................................................................ 95
7.2 Metric .................................................................................................................................. 95
7.3 Traffic Shaping ..................................................................................................................... 96
7.3.1 ATM Traffic Classes ................................................................................................... 97
7.4 Zero Configuration Internet Access ..................................................................................... 97
7.5 Internet Access Setup ........................................................................................................ 98
7.5.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup ............................................................................. 100
7.6 WAN More Connections ................................................................................................... 101
7.7 Traffic Redirect .................................................................................................................. 102
7.8 WAN Backup Setup ..........................................................................................................103
Chapter 8
LAN Setup.............................................................................................................................. 105
8.1 LAN Overview ................................................................................................................... 105
8.1.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device ........................................................................ 105
8.1.2 DHCP Setup ............................................................................................................. 106
8.2 DNS Server Addresses ..................................................................................................... 106
8.3 LAN TCP/IP ....................................................................................................................... 106
8.3.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask ................................................................................... 107
8.3.2 RIP Setup ................................................................................................................. 108
8.3.3 Multicast ................................................................................................................... 108
8.3.4 Any IP ....................................................................................................................... 109
8.4 Configuring LAN IP .............................................................................................................110
8.4.1 Configuring Advanced LAN Setup ............................................................................111
8.5 DHCP Setup .......................................................................................................................112
8.6 LAN Client List ....................................................................................................................113
8.7 LAN IP Alias .......................................................................................................................114
Chapter 9
Wireless LAN......................................................................................................................... 117
9.1 Wireless Network Overview ................................................................................................117
9.2 Wireless Security Overview ................................................................................................118
9.2.1 SSID ..........................................................................................................................118
9.2.2 MAC Address Filter ...................................................................................................118
9.2.3 User Authentication ...................................................................................................118
9.2.4 Encryption .................................................................................................................119
9.2.5 One-Touch Intelligent Security Technology (OTIST) ................................................ 120
9.3 Wireless Performance Overview ....................................................................................... 120
9.3.1 Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................... 120
9.4 Additional Wireless Terms ................................................................................................. 120
9.5 General WLAN Screen ..................................................................................................... 121
9.5.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 122
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9.5.2 WEP Encryption Screen ........................................................................................... 123
9.5.3 WPA(2)-PSK ............................................................................................................ 124
9.5.4 WPA(2) Authentication Screen ................................................................................. 125
9.5.5 Wireless LAN Advanced Setup ............................................................................... 127
9.6 OTIST Screen .................................................................................................................... 128
9.6.1 Notes on OTIST ....................................................................................................... 130
9.7 MAC Filter ..................................................................................................................... 131
9.8 QoS Screen ....................................................................................................................... 133
9.8.1 Application Priority Configuration ............................................................................. 134
Chapter 10
Network Address Translation (NAT) Screens.....................................................................137
10.1 NAT General Overview ................................................................................................... 137
10.1.1 NAT Definitions ...................................................................................................... 137
10.1.2 What NAT Does ..................................................................................................... 138
10.1.3 How NAT Works ..................................................................................................... 138
10.1.4 NAT Application ...................................................................................................... 138
10.1.5 NAT Mapping Types ............................................................................................... 139
10.2 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT ......................................................................... 140
10.3 NAT General Setup .......................................................................................................... 140
10.4 Port Forwarding ............................................................................................................. 141
10.4.1 Default Server IP Address ...................................................................................... 142
10.4.2 Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ........................................................ 142
10.4.3 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example) ....................................... 142
10.5 Configuring Port Forwarding ............................................................................................ 143
10.5.1 Port Forwarding Rule Edit ..................................................................................... 144
10.6 Address Mapping ............................................................................................................ 145
10.6.1 Address Mapping Rule Edit ................................................................................... 146
10.6.2 SIP ALG ................................................................................................................148
Chapter 11
Voice.......................................................................................................................................149
11.1 Introduction to VoIP .......................................................................................................... 149
11.2 SIP .................................................................................................................................. 149
11.2.1 SIP Identities ..........................................................................................................149
11.2.2 SIP Call Progression .............................................................................................. 150
11.2.3 SIP Servers ............................................................................................................ 150
11.2.4 RTP ........................................................................................................................ 152
11.2.5 Pulse Code Modulation .......................................................................................... 152
11.2.6 Voice Coding .......................................................................................................... 152
11.2.7 PSTN Call Setup Signaling .................................................................................... 153
11.2.8 MWI (Message Waiting Indication) ......................................................................... 153
11.2.9 Custom Tones (IVR) ............................................................................................... 153
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11.3 Quality of Service (QoS) ..................................................................................................154
11.3.1 Type of Service (ToS) ............................................................................................. 154
11.3.2 DiffServ ................................................................................................................... 154
11.3.3 VLAN Tagging ........................................................................................................ 155
11.4 SIP Settings Screen ........................................................................................................ 155
11.5 Advanced SIP Setup Screen .......................................................................................... 156
11.6 SIP QoS Screen .............................................................................................................. 160
11.7 Phone .............................................................................................................................. 160
11.7.1 Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression ........................................................ 160
11.7.2 Comfort Noise Generation ...................................................................................... 161
11.7.3 Echo Cancellation .................................................................................................. 161
11.8 Analog Phone Screen ..................................................................................................... 161
11.9 Advanced Analog Phone Setup Screen .......................................................................... 162
11.10 Common Phone Settings Screen .................................................................................. 163
11.11 Phone Services Overview .............................................................................................. 164
11.11.1 The Flash Key ...................................................................................................... 165
11.11.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services ...................................................... 165
11.11.3 USA Type Supplementary Services ...................................................................... 166
11.12 Phone Region Screen ................................................................................................... 168
11.13 Speed Dial .................................................................................................................... 168
11.14 Incoming Call Policy Screen ......................................................................................... 170
11.15 Distinctive Ring Screen ..................................................................................................172
11.16 PSTN Line (“L” models only) .......................................................................................... 173
11.17 PSTN Line Screen (“L” models only) ............................................................................ 174
Chapter 12
VoIP Trunking........................................................................................................................ 175
12.1 VoIP Trunking Overview ................................................................................................. 175
12.2 VoIP Trunking and Security ............................................................................................. 175
12.2.1 Auto Attendant and Authentication ......................................................................... 175
12.2.2 Peer Call Authentication ......................................................................................... 176
12.3 Call Rules ........................................................................................................................ 177
12.4 VoIP Trunking Scenarios ................................................................................................. 177
12.4.1 VoIP Phone To PSTN Phone ................................................................................. 177
12.4.2 PSTN Phone To VoIP Phone ................................................................................. 177
12.4.3 PSTN Phone To PSTN Phone via VoIP ................................................................. 178
12.5 Trunking General Screen ................................................................................................. 178
12.6 Trunking Peer Call Screen ............................................................................................... 179
12.7 Trunking Call Rule Screen ............................................................................................... 181
12.8 VoIP Trunking Example: VoIP to PSTN ........................................................................... 183
12.8.1 Background Information ......................................................................................... 183
12.8.2 Configuration Details: Outgoing ............................................................................. 183
12.8.3 Configuration Details: Incoming ............................................................................. 184
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Table of Contents
12.8.4 Call Progression ..................................................................................................... 185
12.9 VoIP Trunking Example: PSTN to PSTN via VoIP ........................................................... 185
12.9.1 Background Information ......................................................................................... 186
12.9.2 Configuration Details: Outgoing ............................................................................. 186
12.9.3 Configuration Details: Incoming ............................................................................. 188
12.9.4 Call Progression ..................................................................................................... 188
Chapter 13
Phone Usage ......................................................................................................................... 191
13.1 Dialing a Telephone Number ........................................................................................... 191
13.2 Using Speed Dial to Dial a Telephone Number ............................................................... 191
13.3 Internal Calls .................................................................................................................... 191
13.4 Using Call Park and Pickup ............................................................................................. 191
13.5 Checking the ZyXEL Device’s IP Address ....................................................................... 192
13.6 Auto Provisioning and Auto Firmware Upgrade .............................................................. 192
13.7 Phone Functions Summary ............................................................................................. 192
Chapter 14
Firewalls................................................................................................................................. 195
14.1 Firewall Overview ........................................................................................................... 195
14.2 Types of Firewalls ............................................................................................................ 195
14.2.1 Packet Filtering Firewalls ....................................................................................... 195
14.2.2 Application-level Firewalls ...................................................................................... 196
14.2.3 Stateful Inspection Firewalls .................................................................................. 196
14.3 Introduction to ZyXEL’s Firewall ...................................................................................... 196
14.3.1 Denial of Service Attacks ....................................................................................... 197
14.4 Denial of Service ............................................................................................................. 197
14.4.1 Basics ..................................................................................................................... 197
14.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks ............................................................................................. 198
14.5 Stateful Inspection ........................................................................................................... 200
14.5.1 Stateful Inspection Process .................................................................................... 201
14.5.2 Stateful Inspection on Your ZyXEL Device ............................................................. 202
14.5.3 TCP Security .......................................................................................................... 202
14.5.4 UDP/ICMP Security ................................................................................................ 203
14.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols ........................................................................................... 203
14.6 Guidelines for Enhancing Security with Your Firewall ..................................................... 204
14.6.1 Security In General ................................................................................................ 204
14.7 Packet Filtering Vs Firewall ............................................................................................. 205
14.7.1 Packet Filtering: ..................................................................................................... 205
14.7.2 Firewall ................................................................................................................... 205
Chapter 15
Firewall Configuration ..........................................................................................................207
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Table of Contents
15.1 Access Methods .............................................................................................................. 207
15.2 General Firewall Policy Overview ................................................................................... 207
15.3 Rule Logic Overview ....................................................................................................... 208
15.3.1 Rule Checklist ........................................................................................................ 208
15.3.2 Security Ramifications ............................................................................................ 208
15.3.3 Key Fields For Configuring Rules .......................................................................... 209
15.4 Connection Direction ....................................................................................................... 209
15.4.1 LAN to WAN Rules ................................................................................................. 210
15.4.2 Alerts ...................................................................................................................... 210
15.5 General Firewall Policy ................................................................................................... 210
15.6 Firewall Rules Summary ..................................................................................................211
15.6.1 Configuring Firewall Rules ................................................................................... 213
15.6.2 Customized Services ............................................................................................ 216
15.6.3 Configuring A Customized Service ...................................................................... 216
15.7 Example Firewall Rule .....................................................................................................217
15.8 DoS Thresholds .............................................................................................................. 221
15.8.1 Threshold Values ................................................................................................... 221
15.8.2 Half-Open Sessions ............................................................................................... 222
15.8.3 Configuring Firewall Thresholds ............................................................................. 222
15.9 Firewall Commands .........................................................................................................224
Chapter 16
Content Filtering ................................................................................................................... 227
16.1 Content Filtering Overview ............................................................................................. 227
16.2 Configuring Keyword Blocking ....................................................................................... 227
16.3 Configuring the Schedule .............................................................................................. 228
16.4 Configuring Trusted Computers ..................................................................................... 229
Chapter 17
Introduction to IPSec............................................................................................................231
17.1 VPN Overview ................................................................................................................. 231
17.1.1 IPSec ...................................................................................................................... 231
17.1.2 Security Association ............................................................................................... 231
17.1.3 Other Terminology .................................................................................................. 231
17.1.4 VPN Applications ................................................................................................... 232
17.2 IPSec Architecture ........................................................................................................... 232
17.2.1 IPSec Algorithms .................................................................................................... 233
17.2.2 Key Management ................................................................................................... 233
17.3 Encapsulation .................................................................................................................. 233
17.3.1 Transport Mode ...................................................................................................... 234
17.3.2 Tunnel Mode ......................................................................................................... 234
17.4 IPSec and NAT ................................................................................................................ 234
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Table of Contents
Chapter 18
VPN Screens.......................................................................................................................... 237
18.1 VPN/IPSec Overview ....................................................................................................... 237
18.2 IPSec Algorithms ............................................................................................................. 237
18.2.1 AH (Authentication Header) Protocol ..................................................................... 237
18.2.2 ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol .................................................... 237
18.3 My IP Address ................................................................................................................. 238
18.4 Secure Gateway Address ................................................................................................ 238
18.4.1 Dynamic Secure Gateway Address ....................................................................... 239
18.5 VPN Setup Screen .........................................................................................................239
18.6 Keep Alive ....................................................................................................................... 241
18.7 VPN, NAT, and NAT Traversal ......................................................................................... 241
18.8 Remote DNS Server ........................................................................................................ 242
18.9 ID Type and Content ........................................................................................................ 243
18.9.1 ID Type and Content Examples ............................................................................. 244
18.10 Pre-Shared Key ............................................................................................................. 245
18.11 Editing VPN Policies ..................................................................................................... 245
18.12 IKE Phases ................................................................................................................... 250
18.12.1 Negotiation Mode ................................................................................................. 251
18.12.2 Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Groups .......................................................................... 251
18.12.3 Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) .......................................................................... 251
18.13 Configuring Advanced IKE Settings ............................................................................. 251
18.14 Manual Key Setup .........................................................................................................254
18.14.1 Security Parameter Index (SPI) .......................................................................... 254
18.15 Configuring Manual Key ............................................................................................... 254
18.16 Viewing SA Monitor ......................................................................................................257
18.17 Configuring Global Setting ............................................................................................ 259
18.18 Telecommuter VPN/IPSec Examples ............................................................................ 259
18.18.1 Telecommuters Sharing One VPN Rule Example ................................................ 259
18.18.2 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example ............................................. 260
18.19 VPN and Remote Management ..................................................................................... 262
Chapter 19
Certificates ............................................................................................................................263
19.1 Certificates Overview ...................................................................................................... 263
19.1.1 Advantages of Certificates ..................................................................................... 264
19.2 Self-signed Certificates .................................................................................................... 264
19.3 Configuration Summary ................................................................................................... 264
19.4 My Certificates ................................................................................................................. 265
19.5 My Certificate Import ...................................................................................................... 266
19.5.1 Certificate File Formats .......................................................................................... 267
19.6 My Certificate Create ...................................................................................................... 268
19.7 My Certificate Details ...................................................................................................... 270
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19.8 Trusted CAs ................................................................................................................... 273
19.9 Trusted CA Import ......................................................................................................... 275
19.10 Trusted CA Details ......................................................................................................... 276
19.11 Trusted Remote Hosts ................................................................................................. 278
19.12 Verifying a Trusted Remote Host’s Certificate ............................................................... 280
19.12.1 Trusted Remote Host Certificate Fingerprints ...................................................... 280
19.13 Trusted Remote Hosts Import ...................................................................................... 281
19.14 Trusted Remote Host Certificate Details ..................................................................... 281
19.15 Directory Servers ........................................................................................................... 284
19.16 Directory Server Add and Edit ...................................................................................... 285
Chapter 20
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 287
20.1 Static Route .................................................................................................................. 287
20.2 Configuring Static Route ..................................................................................................287
20.2.1 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................... 288
Chapter 21
Bandwidth Management.......................................................................................................291
21.1 Bandwidth Management Overview ................................................................................. 291
21.2 Application-based Bandwidth Management .................................................................... 291
21.3 Auto Classifier ................................................................................................................. 291
21.4 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management .......................................................................... 292
21.5 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management ................................................. 293
21.5.1 Bandwidth Management Priorities ......................................................................... 293
21.6 Configuring Bandwidth Management (General) .............................................................. 293
21.7 Bandwidth Management Rule Setup ............................................................................. 294
21.7.1 Rule Configuration ................................................................................................. 295
21.8 Bandwidth Monitor ......................................................................................................... 297
Chapter 22
Dynamic DNS Setup ............................................................................................................. 299
22.1 Dynamic DNS Overview ................................................................................................ 299
22.1.1 DYNDNS Wildcard ................................................................................................. 299
22.2 Configuring Dynamic DNS .............................................................................................. 299
Chapter 23
Remote Management Configuration ...................................................................................303
23.1 Remote Management Overview ..................................................................................... 303
23.1.1 Remote Management Limitations .......................................................................... 304
23.1.2 Remote Management and NAT .............................................................................. 304
23.1.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................... 304
23.2 WWW .............................................................................................................................. 304
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23.3 Telnet ............................................................................................................................... 305
23.4 Configuring Telnet ............................................................................................................ 306
23.5 Configuring FTP ............................................................................................................. 306
23.6 SNMP .............................................................................................................................. 307
23.6.1 Supported MIBs ..................................................................................................... 308
23.6.2 SNMP Traps ........................................................................................................... 309
23.6.3 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................. 309
23.7 Configuring DNS ............................................................................................................ 310
23.8 Configuring ICMP .............................................................................................................311
Chapter 24
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 313
24.1 Introducing Universal Plug and Play ............................................................................... 313
24.1.1 How do I know if I'm using UPnP? ......................................................................... 313
24.1.2 NAT Traversal ........................................................................................................ 313
24.1.3 Cautions with UPnP ............................................................................................... 313
24.2 UPnP and ZyXEL ............................................................................................................314
24.2.1 Configuring UPnP .................................................................................................. 314
24.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 315
24.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 318
Part IV: Maintenance and Troubleshooting ....................................... 325
Chapter 25
System ................................................................................................................................... 327
25.1 General Setup and System Name ................................................................................... 327
25.1.1 General Setup ....................................................................................................... 327
25.2 Time Setting .................................................................................................................... 329
Chapter 26
Logs ...................................................................................................................................... 331
26.1 Logs Overview ................................................................................................................ 331
26.1.1 Alerts and Logs ...................................................................................................... 331
26.2 Viewing the Logs ............................................................................................................. 331
26.3 Configuring Log Settings ................................................................................................ 332
26.4 SMTP Error Messages .................................................................................................... 334
26.4.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................... 335
26.5 Log Descriptions .............................................................................................................. 336
Chapter 27
Tools.......................................................................................................................................345
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27.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 345
27.2 Filename Conventions ..................................................................................................... 345
27.3 File Maintenance Over WAN ........................................................................................... 346
27.4 Firmware Upgrade Screen ............................................................................................ 347
27.5 Backup and Restore .......................................................................................................348
27.5.1 Backup Configuration ............................................................................................ 349
27.5.2 Restore Configuration ........................................................................................... 349
27.5.3 Reset to Factory Defaults ...................................................................................... 350
27.6 Restart ............................................................................................................................. 351
27.7 Using FTP or TFTP to Back Up Configuration ................................................................ 351
27.7.1 Using the FTP Commands to Back Up Configuration ............................................ 351
27.7.2 FTP Command Configuration Backup Example ................................................... 352
27.7.3 Configuration Backup Using GUI-based FTP Clients ............................................ 352
27.7.4 Backup Configuration Using TFTP ......................................................................... 352
27.7.5 TFTP Command Configuration Backup Example .................................................. 353
27.7.6 Configuration Backup Using GUI-based TFTP Clients .......................................... 353
27.8 Using FTP or TFTP to Restore Configuration ............................................................... 354
27.8.1 Restore Using FTP Session Example .................................................................... 354
27.9 FTP and TFTP Firmware and Configuration File Uploads .............................................. 354
27.9.1 FTP File Upload Command from the DOS Prompt Example ................................. 355
27.9.2 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload .................................................... 355
27.9.3 TFTP File Upload ................................................................................................... 355
27.9.4 TFTP Upload Command Example ......................................................................... 356
Chapter 28
Diagnostic ............................................................................................................................. 357
28.1 General Diagnostic ......................................................................................................... 357
28.2 DSL Line Diagnostic ...................................................................................................... 357
Chapter 29
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 361
29.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 361
29.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 362
29.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 364
29.4 Phone Calls and VoIP ......................................................................................................365
29.5 Problems With Multiple SIP Accounts ............................................................................. 366
29.5.1 Outgoing Calls ........................................................................................................ 366
29.5.2 Incoming Calls ........................................................................................................ 367
Part V: Appendices and Index ............................................................ 369
Appendix A Product Specifications.......................................................................................371
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Table of Contents
Appendix B Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address............................................................ 381
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...................................... 393
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 399
Appendix E Wireless LANs ..................................................................................................407
Appendix F Services ............................................................................................................ 417
Appendix G Command Interpreter .......................................................................................421
Appendix H Internal SPTGEN ..............................................................................................425
Appendix I Legal Information................................................................................................ 449
Appendix J Customer Support .............................................................................................453
Index....................................................................................................................................... 457
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1 Internet Access Application ...................................................................................................... 41
Figure 2 Internet Telephony Service Provider Application ...................................................................... 42
Figure 3 Peer-to-peer Calling ................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 4 Firewall Application .................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 5 LAN-to-LAN Application ........................................................................................................... 43
Figure 6 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 7 Password Screen ..................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 8 Change Password Screen ........................................................................................................ 48
Figure 9 Replace Certificate Screen ....................................................................................................... 49
Figure 10 Wizard or Advanced Screen .................................................................................................. 49
Figure 11 Main Screen ........................................................................................................................... 50
Figure 12 Select a Mode ........................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 13 Wizard Welcome .................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 14 Auto Detection: No DSL Connection ...................................................................................... 59
Figure 15 Auto-Detection: PPPoE .......................................................................................................... 59
Figure 16 Auto Detection: Failed ............................................................................................................ 60
Figure 17 Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters ..................................................................... 61
Figure 18 Internet Connection with PPPoE ............................................................................................ 62
Figure 19 Internet Connection with RFC 1483 ...................................................................................... 62
Figure 20 Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP ................................................................................. 63
Figure 21 Internet Connection with PPPoA ............................................................................................ 64
Figure 22 Connection Test Failed-1 ........................................................................................................ 65
Figure 23 Connection Test Failed-2. ....................................................................................................... 65
Figure 24 Connection Test Successful ................................................................................................... 66
Figure 25 Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1 ................................................................................................ 66
Figure 26 Wireless LAN .......................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 27 Manually Assign a WPA key ................................................................................................... 68
Figure 28 Manually Assign a WEP key .................................................................................................. 68
Figure 29 Wireless LAN Setup 3 ............................................................................................................ 69
Figure 30 Internet Access and WLAN Wizard Setup Complete ............................................................. 70
Figure 31 VoIP Phone Calls ................................................................................................................... 71
Figure 32 Select a Mode ........................................................................................................................ 72
Figure 33 Wizard: Welcome ................................................................................................................... 72
Figure 34 VoIP Wizard Configuration ..................................................................................................... 73
Figure 35 SIP Registration Test .............................................................................................................. 74
Figure 36 VoIP Wizard Fail ..................................................................................................................... 74
Figure 37 VoIP Wizard Finish ................................................................................................................ 75
Figure 38 Select a Mode ........................................................................................................................ 77
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List of Figures
Figure 39 Wizard: Welcome ................................................................................................................... 78
Figure 40 Bandwidth Management Wizard: General Information ........................................................... 78
Figure 41 Bandwidth Management Wizard: Complete ........................................................................... 79
Figure 42 Status Screen ......................................................................................................................... 83
Figure 43 Any IP Table ........................................................................................................................... 86
Figure 44 WLAN Status .......................................................................................................................... 87
Figure 45 Packet Statistics ..................................................................................................................... 88
Figure 46 VoIP Statistics ......................................................................................................................... 89
Figure 47 Example of Traffic Shaping .................................................................................................... 96
Figure 48 Internet Access Setup (PPPoE) ............................................................................................. 98
Figure 49 Advanced Internet Access Setup ......................................................................................... 100
Figure 50 WAN More Connections ....................................................................................................... 102
Figure 51 Traffic Redirect Example ...................................................................................................... 102
Figure 52 Traffic Redirect LAN Setup ................................................................................................... 103
Figure 53 LAN and WAN IP Addresses ................................................................................................ 105
Figure 54 Any IP Example .................................................................................................................... 109
Figure 55 LAN IP ...................................................................................................................................110
Figure 56 Advanced LAN Setup ............................................................................................................111
Figure 57 DHCP Setup ..........................................................................................................................112
Figure 58 LAN Client List .......................................................................................................................114
Figure 59 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks .................................................................115
Figure 60 LAN IP Alias ..........................................................................................................................115
Figure 61 Example of a Wireless Network ............................................................................................117
Figure 62 Wireless LAN: General ........................................................................................................ 121
Figure 63 Wireless: No Security ........................................................................................................... 123
Figure 64 Wireless: Static WEP Encryption .......................................................................................... 123
Figure 65 Wireless: WPA(2)-PSK ......................................................................................................... 124
Figure 66 Wireless: WPA(2) ................................................................................................................. 126
Figure 67 Advanced ............................................................................................................................. 127
Figure 68 Network > Wireless LAN > OTIST ........................................................................................ 128
Figure 69 Example: Wireless Client OTIST Screen ............................................................................. 129
Figure 70 OTIST: Settings .................................................................................................................... 130
Figure 71 OTIST: In Progress on the ZyXEL Device ............................................................................ 130
Figure 72 OTIST: In Progress on the Wireless Device ......................................................................... 130
Figure 73 Start OTIST? ........................................................................................................................ 131
Figure 74 MAC Address Filter .............................................................................................................. 132
Figure 75 Wireless LAN: QoS .............................................................................................................. 133
Figure 76 Application Priority Configuration ......................................................................................... 134
Figure 77 How NAT Works ................................................................................................................... 138
Figure 78 NAT Application With IP Alias .............................................................................................. 139
Figure 79 NAT General ......................................................................................................................... 141
Figure 80 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ................................................................................ 142
Figure 81 Port Forwarding .................................................................................................................... 143
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List of Figures
Figure 82 Port Forwarding Rule Setup ............................................................................................... 144
Figure 83 Address Mapping Rules ....................................................................................................... 145
Figure 84 Edit Address Mapping Rule ................................................................................................ 147
Figure 85 Network > NAT > ALG .......................................................................................................... 148
Figure 86 SIP User Agent ..................................................................................................................... 151
Figure 87 SIP Proxy Server .................................................................................................................. 151
Figure 88 SIP Redirect Server .............................................................................................................. 152
Figure 89 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .................................................................................... 155
Figure 90 SIP > SIP Settings ................................................................................................................ 155
Figure 91 VoIP > SIP Settings > Advanced .......................................................................................... 157
Figure 92 SIP > QoS ............................................................................................................................ 160
Figure 93 Phone > Analog Phone ........................................................................................................ 161
Figure 94 Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced .................................................................................... 162
Figure 95 Phone > Common ................................................................................................................ 164
Figure 96 VoIP > Phone > Region ........................................................................................................ 168
Figure 97 Phone Book > Speed Dial .................................................................................................... 169
Figure 98 Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy ..................................................................................... 170
Figure 99 Phone Book > Distinctive Ring ............................................................................................. 172
Figure 100 PSTN Line > General ......................................................................................................... 174
Figure 101 Peer Devices Connecting ................................................................................................... 176
Figure 102 VoIP Phone To PSTN Phone .............................................................................................. 177
Figure 103 PSTN Phone To VoIP Phone .............................................................................................. 178
Figure 104 PSTN Phone To PSTN Phone via VoIP ............................................................................. 178
Figure 105 VoIP > Trunking > General ................................................................................................. 178
Figure 106 VoIP > Trunking > Peer Call .............................................................................................. 180
Figure 107 VoIP > Trunking > Call Rule ............................................................................................... 182
Figure 108 VoIP to PSTN Example ...................................................................................................... 183
Figure 109 VoIP to PSTN Example - Speed Dial Screen ..................................................................... 184
Figure 110 VoIP to PSTN Example - Outgoing Authentication ............................................................. 184
Figure 111 VoIP to PSTN Example - Incoming Authentication ............................................................. 185
Figure 112 PSTN to PSTN Example .................................................................................................... 186
Figure 113 PSTN to PSTN Example: General Configuration ............................................................... 187
Figure 114 PSTN to PSTN Example - Outgoing Authentication From Device B .................................. 187
Figure 115 PSTN to PSTN Example - Call Rule ................................................................................... 188
Figure 116 PSTN to PSTN Example - Incoming Authentication To Device C ....................................... 188
Figure 117 Firewall Application ............................................................................................................. 197
Figure 118 Three-Way Handshake ....................................................................................................... 198
Figure 119 SYN Flood .......................................................................................................................... 199
Figure 120 Smurf Attack ....................................................................................................................... 199
Figure 121 Stateful Inspection .............................................................................................................. 201
Figure 122 Firewall: General ................................................................................................................ 210
Figure 123 Firewall Rules .................................................................................................................... 212
Figure 124 Firewall: Edit Rule .............................................................................................................. 214
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List of Figures
Figure 125 Firewall: Customized Services ........................................................................................... 216
Figure 126 Firewall: Configure Customized Services ........................................................................... 217
Figure 127 Firewall Example: Rules ..................................................................................................... 218
Figure 128 Edit Custom Port Example ................................................................................................. 218
Figure 129 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Destination Address ............................................................ 219
Figure 130 Firewall Example: Edit Rule: Select Customized Services ................................................. 220
Figure 131 Firewall Example: Rules: MyService .................................................................................221
Figure 132 Firewall: Threshold ............................................................................................................. 223
Figure 133 Content Filter: Keyword ...................................................................................................... 227
Figure 134 Content Filter: Schedule ..................................................................................................... 228
Figure 135 Content Filter: Trusted ........................................................................................................ 229
Figure 136 Encryption and Decryption ................................................................................................. 232
Figure 137 IPSec Architecture .............................................................................................................. 233
Figure 138 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation ............................................................. 234
Figure 139 IPSec Summary Fields ....................................................................................................... 239
Figure 140 VPN Setup .......................................................................................................................... 240
Figure 141 NAT Router Between IPSec Routers ................................................................................. 242
Figure 142 VPN Host using Intranet DNS Server Example .................................................................. 243
Figure 143 Edit VPN Policies .............................................................................................................. 246
Figure 144 Two Phases to Set Up the IPSec SA ................................................................................. 250
Figure 145 Advanced VPN Policies ...................................................................................................... 252
Figure 146 VPN: Manual Key ............................................................................................................... 255
Figure 147 VPN: SA Monitor ................................................................................................................ 258
Figure 148 VPN: Global Setting ........................................................................................................... 259
Figure 149 Telecommuters Sharing One VPN Rule Example .............................................................. 260
Figure 150 Telecommuters Using Unique VPN Rules Example ........................................................... 261
Figure 151 Certificate Configuration Overview ..................................................................................... 264
Figure 152 My Certificates ................................................................................................................... 265
Figure 153 My Certificate Import .......................................................................................................... 267
Figure 154 My Certificate Create .......................................................................................................... 268
Figure 155 My Certificate Details ......................................................................................................... 271
Figure 156 Trusted CAs ........................................................................................................................ 274
Figure 157 Trusted CA Import .............................................................................................................. 275
Figure 158 Trusted CA Details ............................................................................................................. 276
Figure 159 Trusted Remote Hosts ........................................................................................................ 279
Figure 160 Remote Host Certificates ................................................................................................... 280
Figure 161 Certificate Details .............................................................................................................. 280
Figure 162 Trusted Remote Host Import .............................................................................................. 281
Figure 163 Trusted Remote Host Details ............................................................................................. 282
Figure 164 Directory Servers ................................................................................................................ 285
Figure 165 Directory Server Add and Edit ............................................................................................ 286
Figure 166 Example of Static Routing Topology ................................................................................... 287
Figure 167 Static Route ........................................................................................................................ 288
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Figure 168 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................................. 289
Figure 169 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example .............................................................. 292
Figure 170 Bandwidth Management: General ...................................................................................... 293
Figure 171 Bandwidth Management: Rule Setup ................................................................................. 294
Figure 172 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration ...................................................................... 295
Figure 173 Bandwidth Management: Monitor ......................................................................................297
Figure 174 Dynamic DNS ..................................................................................................................... 300
Figure 175 Secure and Insecure Remote Management From the WAN .............................................. 303
Figure 176 Remote Management: WWW ............................................................................................. 305
Figure 177 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network ......................................................................... 305
Figure 178 Remote Management: Telnet ............................................................................................. 306
Figure 179 Remote Management: FTP ................................................................................................ 307
Figure 180 SNMP Management Model ................................................................................................ 308
Figure 181 Remote Management: SNMP ............................................................................................ 309
Figure 182 Remote Management: DNS ................................................................................................311
Figure 183 Remote Management: ICMP .............................................................................................. 312
Figure 184 Configuring UPnP ............................................................................................................... 314
Figure 185 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication ................................................ 315
Figure 186 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components .......................... 316
Figure 187 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 316
Figure 188 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard .......................................................... 317
Figure 189 Networking Services ........................................................................................................... 317
Figure 190 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 318
Figure 191 Internet Connection Properties .......................................................................................... 319
Figure 192 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings ........................................................... 320
Figure 193 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add .................................................. 320
Figure 194 System Tray Icon ................................................................................................................ 321
Figure 195 Internet Connection Status ................................................................................................. 321
Figure 196 Network Connections ......................................................................................................... 322
Figure 197 Network Connections: My Network Places ........................................................................ 323
Figure 198 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example ...................................... 323
Figure 199 System General Setup ....................................................................................................... 328
Figure 200 System Time Setting .......................................................................................................... 329
Figure 201 View Log ............................................................................................................................. 332
Figure 202 Log Settings ....................................................................................................................... 333
Figure 203 E-mail Log Example ........................................................................................................... 335
Figure 204 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................................................. 347
Figure 205 Firmware Upload In Progress ............................................................................................. 348
Figure 206 Network Temporarily Disconnected ....................................................................................348
Figure 207 Error Message .................................................................................................................... 348
Figure 208 Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 349
Figure 209 Configuration Upload Successful ....................................................................................... 350
Figure 210 Network Temporarily Disconnected ....................................................................................350
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List of Figures
Figure 211 Configuration Upload Error ................................................................................................. 350
Figure 212 Reset Warning Message .................................................................................................... 350
Figure 213 Reset In Process Message ................................................................................................ 351
Figure 214 Restart Screen ................................................................................................................... 351
Figure 215 FTP Session Example ........................................................................................................ 352
Figure 216 Restore Using FTP Session Example ................................................................................ 354
Figure 217 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload ................................................................. 355
Figure 218 Diagnostic: General ............................................................................................................ 357
Figure 219 Diagnostic: DSL Line .......................................................................................................... 358
Figure 220 Outgoing Calls: Default ..................................................................................................... 366
Figure 221 Outgoing Calls: Individual Configuration ............................................................................366
Figure 222 Incoming Calls: Default ..................................................................................................... 367
Figure 223 Incoming Calls: Individual Configuration ............................................................................367
Figure 224 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration ...................................................................... 382
Figure 225 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address .......................................................... 383
Figure 226 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration .............................................. 384
Figure 227 Windows XP: Start Menu .................................................................................................... 385
Figure 228 Windows XP: Control Panel ............................................................................................... 385
Figure 229 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties ......................................... 386
Figure 230 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................... 386
Figure 231 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings .......................................................................... 387
Figure 232 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .......................................................... 388
Figure 233 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu .......................................................................................... 389
Figure 234 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP ................................................................................................. 389
Figure 235 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu ............................................................................................ 390
Figure 236 Macintosh OS X: Network .................................................................................................. 391
Figure 237 Pop-up Blocker ................................................................................................................... 393
Figure 238 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 394
Figure 239 Internet Options: Privacy .................................................................................................... 395
Figure 240 Pop-up Blocker Settings ..................................................................................................... 395
Figure 241 Internet Options: Security ................................................................................................... 396
Figure 242 Security Settings - Java Scripting ....................................................................................... 397
Figure 243 Security Settings - Java ...................................................................................................... 397
Figure 244 Java (Sun) .......................................................................................................................... 398
Figure 245 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................ 400
Figure 246 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................ 402
Figure 247 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ............................................................................... 403
Figure 248 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network ......................................................... 407
Figure 249 Basic Service Set ............................................................................................................... 408
Figure 250 Infrastructure WLAN ........................................................................................................... 409
Figure 251 RTS/CTS ............................................................................................................................ 410
Figure 252 Displaying Log Categories Example .................................................................................. 422
Figure 253 Displaying Log Parameters Example ................................................................................. 422
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List of Figures
Figure 254 Configuration Text File Format: Column Descriptions ........................................................ 425
Figure 255 Invalid Parameter Entered: Command Line Example ........................................................ 426
Figure 256 Valid Parameter Entered: Command Line Example ........................................................... 426
Figure 257 Internal SPTGEN FTP Download Example ........................................................................ 427
Figure 258 Internal SPTGEN FTP Upload Example ............................................................................ 427
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List of Figures
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P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA User’s Guide
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