Zte ZXR10 T600, ZXR10 T1200 User Manual (IPv6 Volume)

ZXR10T600/T1200

CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Version2.8.30

ZTECORPORATION
ZTEPlaza,KejiRoadSouth,
Hi-TechIndustrialPark,
NanshanDistrict,Shenzhen,
P .R.China
518057
Tel:[phone]
Fax:[phone]
URL:http://ensupport.zte.com.cn
E-mail:[e-mail]

LEGALINFORMATION

Copyright©2006ZTECORPORATION.

Thecontentsofthisdocumentareprotectedbycopyrightlawsandinternationaltreaties.Anyreproductionordistributionof
thisdocumentoranyportionofthisdocument,inanyformbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofZTECORPO­RATIONisprohibited.Additionally,thecontentsofthisdocumentareprotectedbycontractualcondentialityobligations.

Allcompany ,brandandproductnamesaretradeorservicemarks,orregisteredtradeorservicemarks,ofZTECORPORATION
oroftheirrespectiveowners.

Thisdocumentisprovided“asis”,andallexpress,implied,orstatutorywarranties,representationsorconditionsaredis­claimed,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantyofmerchantability ,tnessforaparticularpurpose,titleornon-in­fringement.ZTECORPORATIONanditslicensorsshallnotbeliablefordamagesresultingfromtheuseoforrelianceonthe
informationcontainedherein.

ZTECORPORATIONoritslicensorsmayhavecurrentorpendingintellectualpropertyrightsorapplicationscoveringthesubject
matterofthisdocument.ExceptasexpresslyprovidedinanywrittenlicensebetweenZTECORPORATIONanditslicensee,
theuserofthisdocumentshallnotacquireanylicensetothesubjectmatterherein.

ZTECORPORATIONreservestherighttoupgradeormaketechnicalchangetothisproductwithoutfurthernotice.

UsersmayvisitZTEtechnicalsupportwebsitehttp://ensupport.zte.com.cntoinquirerelatedinformation.

TheultimaterighttointerpretthisproductresidesinZTECORPORATION.

RevisionHistory

RevisionNo.RevisionDateRevisionReason

R1.0Mar .20,2010

FirstEdition

SerialNumber:SJ-20100316150743-004

Contents

AboutThisManual..............................................i

SafetyInstruction.............................................1

SafetyInstruction...........................................................1

SafetySigns..................................................................1

IPv6BasicConguration...................................3

IPv6AddressOverview....................................................3

AddressClassication..................................................5

AddressExpressionWay.............................................13

IPv6AddressAutoCongurationT echnology.................15

ConguringIPv6Address................................................16

ConguringIPv6AddressMaintenanceandDiagnosis.........17

IPv6AddressCongurationExamples...............................18

IPv6NeighborDiscoveryProtocol

Conguration..................................................19

IPv6NDPOverview........................................................19

ConguringIPv6NDP.....................................................22

ConguringIPv6NDPMaintenanceandDiagnosis..............23

IPv6NDPCongurationExamples....................................23

IPv6StaticRouteConguration......................25

IPv6StaticRouteOverview.............................................25

ConguringIPv6StaticRoute.........................................25

IPv6StaticRouteCongurationExample..........................26

RIPngConguration........................................27

RIPngOverview.............................................................27

RIPngBasicConguration...............................................29

EnablingRIPng..........................................................29

ConguringEnhancedRIPng.......................................29

ConguringRIPngMaintenanceandDiagnosis...................30

RIPngCongurationExample..........................................30

OSPFv3Conguration......................................33

OSPFv3Overview..........................................................33

IntroductiontoOSPFv3..............................................33

DifferencesbetweenOSPFv3andOSPFv2.....................33

LSAT ype..................................................................35

OSPFv3BasicConguration............................................36

EnablingOSPFv3.......................................................36

ConguringOSPFv3InterfaceAttributes.......................37

ConguringOSPFv3ProtocolAttributes........................38

ConguringOSPFv3MaintenanceandDiagnosis................39

OSPFv3CongurationExample........................................40

IS-ISv6Conguration.....................................43

IS-ISv6Overview..........................................................43

IS-ISv6BasicConguration............................................44

EnablingIS-ISv6.......................................................44

ConguringIS-ISv6GlobalParameters.........................44

ConguringIS-ISv6InterfaceParameters.....................46

ConguringIS-ISv6MaintenanceandDiagnosis................48

IS-ISv6CongurationExamples......................................49

SingleAreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample...................49

MultiAreaIS-ISv6CongurationExample.....................50

BGP4+Conguration.......................................53

BGP4+Overview...........................................................53

BGP4+BasicConguration.............................................54

EnablingBGP4+........................................................54

ConguringBGP4+RouteAdvertisement......................55

ConguringBGP4+AggregationAdvertisement.............55

ConguringEBGPMultihop..........................................56

FilteringRoutesUsingRouteMap.................................57

ConguringBGPRoutingMode...................................58

ConguringIPv6AddressFamilyMode.........................60

ConguringBGP4+MaintenanceandDiagnosis.................61

BGP4+CongurationExample.........................................62

IPv6TunnelConguration...............................65

IPv6T unnelOverview.....................................................65

IPv6T unnelT echnology..............................................65

IPv6/IPv4DualStackT echnology.................................67

NetworkAddressTranslationT echnology.......................67

ConguringIPv6Tunnel..................................................68

ConguringIPv6TunnelMaintenanceandDiagnosis...........69

IPv6T unnelCongurationExample..................................69

Figures............................................................71

Tables.............................................................73

ListofGlossary................................................75

PrerequisiteSkill

andKnowledge

WhatIsinThis

AboutThisManual

PurposeThismanualprovidesproceduresandguidelinesthatsupportthe

operationonZTEZXR10T600/T1200routers.

Intended
Audience

Manual

Thismanualisintendedforengineersandtechnicianswhoperform
operationactivitiesonZTErouters.

Tousethismanualeffectively,usersshouldhaveageneralunder­standingofOSIModel.Familiaritywiththefollowingishelpful:

�Protocols

�Routingconceptsanddatacommunicationterms

Thismanualcontainsthefollowingchapters:

Chapter

Chapter1,SafetyInstructionDescribesthesafetyinstructions

Chapter2,IPv6Basic
Conguration

Chapter3,IPv6Neighbor
DiscoveryProtocolConguration

Chapter4,IPv6StaticRoute
Conguration

Chapter5,RIPngConguration

Chapter6,OSPFv3Conguration

Chapter7,IS-ISv6Conguration

Summary

andsigns.

Describesthebasicconguration
ofIPv6addressonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesNDPanditsrelevant
congurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesIPv6staticrouteandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesRIPngprotocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesOSPFv3protocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesIS-ISv6protocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

Chapter8,BGP4+Conguration

Chapter9,IPv6Tunnel
Conguration

Documentation

Related

Thefollowingdocumentationisrelatedtothismanual:

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

DescribesBGPprotocolandits
relevantcongurationonZXR10
T600/T1200.

DescribesIPv6transition
technologyandtunnel,as
wellastherelatedconguration
onZXR10T600/T1200.

HardwareInstallationManual

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORA TIONi

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

HardwareManual

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

UserManual(BasicCongurationVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

UserManual(IPv4RoutingVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

UserManual(MPLSVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeI)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeII)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(BasicCongurationVolumeIII)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(EthernetSwitchingVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(IPv4RoutingVolumeI)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(IPv4RoutingVolumeII)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(IPv6Volume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(MulticastVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(MPLSVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(NetworkManagementVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(QoSVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(RemoteAccessVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(SecurityVolume)

�ZXR10T600/T1200(V2.8.30)CarrierClassHigh-EndRouter

CommandManual(VoiceandVideoServiceVolume)

iiCondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter1

SafetyInstruction

TableofContents

SafetyInstruction...............................................................1

SafetySigns......................................................................1

SafetyInstruction

Onlydulytrainedandqualiedpersonnelcaninstall,operateand
maintainthedevices.

Duringthedeviceinstallation,operationandmaintenance,please
abidebythelocalsafetyspecicationsandrelatedoperationin­structions,otherwisephysicalinjurymayoccurordevicesmaybe
broken.Thesafetyprecautionsmentionedinthismanualareonly
supplementoflocalsafetyspecications.

Thedebugcommandsonthedeviceswillaffecttheperformance
ofthedevices,whichmaybringseriousconsequences.Sotake
caretousedebugcommands.Especially ,thedebugallcom-
mandwillopenalldebugprocesses,sothiscommandmustnot
beusedonthedeviceswithservices.Itisnotrecommendedto
usethedebugcommandswhentheusernetworksareinnormal
state.

ZTECorporationwillassumenoresponsibilityforconsequencesre­sultingfromviolationofgeneralspecicationsforsafetyoperations
orofsafetyrulesfordesign,productionanduseofthedevices.

SafetySigns

Thecontentsthatusersshouldpayattentiontowhentheyinstall,
operateandmaintaindevicesareexplainedinthefollowingfor­mats:

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION1

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Indicatesthemattersneedingcloseattention.Ifthisisignored,
seriousinjuryaccidentsmayhappenordevicesmaybedamaged.

Indicatesthemattersneedingattentionduringconguration.

Note:

Indicatesthedescription,hint,tip,andsoonforcongurationop­erations.

Warning:

Caution:

2CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2

IPv6BasicConfiguration

TableofContents

IPv6AddressOverview........................................................3

ConguringIPv6Address....................................................16

ConguringIPv6AddressMaintenanceandDiagnosis.............17

IPv6AddressCongurationExamples...................................18

IPv6AddressOverview

IPversion6isanewIPprotocol,designedtoreplaceIPversion4,

theInternetprotocolthatispredominantlydeployedandexten­sivelyusedthroughouttheworld.

However ,theoriginaldesigndidnotanticipatethefollowingcon­ditions:

�RecentexponentialgrowthoftheInternetandtheimpending

exhaustionoftheIPv4addressspace.

�GrowthoftheInternetandtheabilityofInternetbackbone

routerstomaintainlargeroutingtables.

�Needforsimplerautocongurationandrenumbering.

�RequirementforsecurityattheIPlevel.

�Needforbettersupporttoreal-timedeliveryofdata—also

calledqualityofservice(QoS).

Note:

FeaturessuchasIPSecurity(IPSec)andQoShavebeenspecied
forbothversionsofIP .

IPv6featuresahugeaddresscapacityupto128bits,whichis
describedasbelow:

�Itprovides2128differentIPv6addresses,thatis,the

numberoftheallocableaddressesaroundtheworldis
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.

�Itprovides2.2×10

catedbasedongroundarea.

ThefollowingaredifferencesbetweenIPv4andIPv6inheader
format.

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION3

20

addressespercm

2

ifaddressesareallo-

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Table1andTable2aretheheaderformatsofIPv4andIPv6re-

spectively.(Numbersinthetablesrefertobitnumbers.)

TABLE1IPV4HEADERFORMAT

4-Version4–Header

Length

16–Identier

8–TimetoLive(TTL)

32-SourceAddress

32-DestinationAddress

24–Options

TABLE2IPV6HEADERFORMAT

4-Version4–Priority24–FlowLabel

16–PayloadLength

128-SourceAddress

8-Service
Type

8–T rans­missionPro­tocol

16-DataPacketLength

4–Flags

16–HeaderChecksum

8–Next
Header

12­Fragmented
Offset

8-Padding

8–HOP
Limit

128-DestinationAddress

IPv6headerissimplerthanIPv4headerinstructurebecausemany
eldsinIPv4headerthatarenotfrequentlyusedaredeletedfrom
IPv6header ,andputintoitsoptionsandheaderextension,which
aredenedmorestrictly .

�IPv4containsteneldswithxedlength,twoaddressspaces

andsomeoptions,whileIPv6containsonlysixeldsandtwo
addressspaces.

�AlthoughIPv6headeroccupies40bytes,whichis1.6times

ofIPv4headerwith24-bytes,itdoesnotconsumetoomuch
memorycapacityduetoitsxedlength(thelengthoftheIPv4
headerisvariable).

�ThefollowingsixeldsaredeletedfromIPv4header:header

length,typeofservice,identier ,ags,fragmentedoffsets
andheaderchecksum.Namesandsomefunctionsofthe
threeeldsoftotallength,protocolandTimetoLive(TTL)
arechanged,anditsoptionalfunctionsiscompletelychanged.
Apartfromthis,twoeldsareadded:priorityandowlabel.

�IPv6headerformatisgreatlysimplied,whicheffectivelypares

downoverheadofprocessingheaderbyarouterorswitch.At
thesametime,IPv6enhancesthesupporttotheextension
headerandoptions,whichnotonlyallowsmoreefcientfor­warding,butalsoprovidessufcientsupportsforfutureload
ofnewapplicationstonetworks.EachIPv6packetcanhave0,

4CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

1ormoreextensionheaders.Eachextensionheaderisdeter­minedbythe“nextheader”domainofthepreviousheader .

AddressClassification

RFC2373containsa“map”ofIPv6addressspace,whichdescribes
howtheaddressspaceisallocated,thedifferenttypesofaddress
allocation,theprexes(thestartingfewbitsinaddressallocation)
andthelengthofaddressallocation,whichisapartofthewhole
addressspace.T able3showsallocationofIPv6addressspace.

TABLE3IPV6ADDRESSSPACE

Allocation

Reserved

Unallocated

ReservedforNSAP
allocation

ReservedforIPX
allocation

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

aggregatableglobal
unicastaddress

Unallocated

PrexFractionofAddress

00000000

00000001

0000001

0000010

0000011

00001

0001

001[2,3]1/8

010

Space

1/256

1/256

1/128

1/128

1/128

1/32

1/32

1/8

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION5

011

100

101

110

1110

11110

111110

1111110

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/16

1/32

1/64

1/128

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Allocation

Unallocated

Linklocalunicast
address

Sitelocalunicast
address

Multicastaddress11111111[FF]1/256

PrexFractionofAddress

111111100

1111111010[FE8]1/1024

1111111011[FEC]1/1024

Space

1/512

Note:

Thehexnumberinthe[]inthistablereferstothestartingand
endinghexnumbersofthecorrespondingaddress.

BroadcastaddressinIPv6isnotvalidanymore.RFC2373denes
threetypesofIPv6address:

�Unicast

Itistheidentierofasingleinterface.Thepacketssenttoa
unicastaddresswillbetransmittedtotheinterfacewiththis
addressidentier.

�Multicast

Itistheidentierofagroupofinterfaces.Theseinterfaces
belongtodifferentnodes.Thepacketssenttoamulticastad­dresswillbetransmittedtoalltheinterfaceswiththisaddress
identier .

�Anycast

Itistheidentierofagroupofinterfaces.Theseinterfacesbe­longtodifferentnodes.Thepacketssenttoananycastaddress
willbetransmittedtoaninterfacewiththisaddressidentier
(selectingthenearestonebycalculatingthedistancebasedon
routingprotocol).

AnIPv6unicastaddresscanberegardedasanentitywithtwo
elds.Oneeldisusedtoidentifynetworksandtheotherisused
toidentifyinterfacesofnodesonthisnetwork.Inthesubsequent
descriptionofthespecicunicastaddresstypes,theuserwillnd
thatthenetworkidentiercanbedividedintoseveralparts,each
ofwhichidentiesdifferentnetworkpart.

�UnicastAddress

FunctionsofanIPv6unicastaddressaresubjecttoClassless
InterInter-DomainRouting(CIDR),whichisthesameasthat
ofanIPv4address.Thatis,anaddressisdividedintotwo
partsuponaspecicboundary.Thehighbitpartofanaddress
includesprexeforroutingandthelowbitpartincludesiden­tiersofnetworkinterfaces.

6CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

IntheIPv6addressingsystemstructure,anyIPv6unicastad­dressrequiresaninterfaceidentier .Aninterfaceidentier
isverysimilartothe48-bitMediaAccessControl(MAC)ad­dress.TheMACaddressesareencodedthroughhardwareina
networkinterfacecard.Theyareburnedbythemanufacturer
intoanetworkinterfacecardandaregloballyunique.There
arenotwonetworkinterfacecardswithanidenticalMACad­dress.Suchaddressescanbeusedtouniquelyidentifythe
interfacesatthenetworklink-layer .

TheinterfaceidentierofanIPv6hostaddressisbasedon
theIEEEEUI-64format,whichcreatesalocallyandglobally
unique64-bitinterfaceidentierbasedontheexistingMAC
addresses.TheappendixattachedtotheRFC2373describes
howtocreateinterfaceidentiers.

These64-bitinterfaceidentierscanaddressonebyoneglob­allyandcanuniquelyidentifytheinterfaceofeachnetwork.
Thismeansthat,intheory,thereareupto264differentphysi­calinterfacesandabout1.8x1019differentaddresses,which,
however ,onlyoccupyhalfoftheIPv6addressspace.Itis
enoughintheforeseeablefutureatleast.

TheIPv6unicastaddresscanbeclassiedintothefollowing
categories:

�AggregatableGlobalUnicastAddress

Thisisanotherkindofaggregation,whichisindependentof
InternetServiceProvider(ISP).Theprovider-basedaggre­gatetiveaddressesmustbechangedasaproviderchanges,
whiletheexchange-basedaddressesaredirectlylocatedby
anIPv6switchingentity.Theexchangeprovidesaddress
blocks,andusersandprovidersconcludecontractsforthe
networkaccess.

Suchnetworkaccessiseitherdirectlyprovidedbya
provider ,orindirectlyprovidedbyanexchange.However ,
theroutingisthroughtheexchange.Inthisway ,auser
needsnottoaddressagainwhenitchangesaprovider .At
thesametime,usersareallowedtousemultipleISPsto
processsingle-blocknetworkaddress.

Aggregatableglobalunicastaddressesincludeallthead­dresseswhosethreestartingbitsare001,whichcanbe
usedasprexesforotherunallocatedunicast.Formatthe
addressesintotheeldsasshowninT able4

.

TABLE4AGGREGATABLEGLOBALUNICASTADDRESSFIELDS

3138241664

FPTLA

ID

RES

NLA
ID

SIA
ID

Interfaceidentier

Thetableincludesthefollowingelds.

–FPeld

Thisisthe3-bitformatprexinanIPv6address,in­dicatingtowhichaddresscategoryintheIPv6address
spacethisaddressbelongs.Currently,theeldis001,

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION7

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

�SpecialAddress&ReservedAddress

indicatingthisistheaggregatableglobalunicastad­dress.

–TLAIDeld

Thisisthetop-levelaggregationidentier ,includingthe
routinginformationabouttheaddressesatthehighest
level.Here,itreferstotheroutinginformationwiththe
mosthostsinnetworkinterconnection.Currently ,this
eldis13-bitandcanobtainatmost8,192different
toplevelroutes.

–RESeld

Thisisan8-biteldandreservedforfutureuse.Itis
likelytobeusedforextendingthetop-ornext-level
aggregationidentiereld.

–NLAIDeld

Thisisthenext-levelaggregationidentierwith24-bit.
Thisidentierareusedbysomeinstitutions(including
large-sizeISPsandotherinstitutionsthatprovidepublic
networkaccess)tocontrolthetop-levelaggregationfor
addressspacearrangement.

Suchinstitutionscandividethis24-biteldforuseinac­cordancewiththeirownaddressinghierarchicalstructures.
Inthisway ,anentitycandividetwobitsofaddressspace
intofourinternaltop-levelroutes,andallocatetheother
22bitsofaddressspacetootherentities(forexample,a
smalllocalISP).

Whentheseentitiesobtainenoughaddressspace,theycan
subdividetheobtainedspaceinthesamewayasmentioned
above.

–SLAIDeld

Thisisthesiteaggregationidentierandisusedby
someinstitutionstoarrangetheirinternalnetwork
structures.Eachinstitutioncancreateitsowninternal
hierarchicalnetworkstructureinthesamewayasthat
ofIPv4.

Whenthe16-biteldisdedicatedtotheplaneaddress
space,thereareatmost65,535differentsubnetsavail­able.Ifthersteightbitsareusedfortheinternalad­vancedroutingofthisinstitution,thentherewillbe255
advancedsubnetsavailable,andeachadvancedsubnet
canhaveupto255sub-subnets.

–Interfaceidentiereld

Thisisa64-biteld,containing64-bitvaluesofthe
IEEEEUI-64interfaceidentier .

Intherst1/256IPv6addressspace,therst8bits0000
0000ofalltheaddressesarereserved.Mostofthevacant
addressspacesareusedforspecialaddresses,including:

–Undesignatedaddress

Thisisanall-zeroaddressandisusedifnovalidaddress
isavailable.Forexample,ifahostdoesnotobtainan
IPv6addressuponitsinitialstartupfromthenetwork,

8CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

itcanusethisaddress.Thatis,itcanspecifythisad­dressforthesourceaddressoftheIPv6packetwhenit
sendsoutarequestforcongurationinformation.This
addresscanbeexpressedas2000:0:0:0:0:0:0:1,or
expressedas2000::1.

–Loopbackaddress

InIPv4,theloopbackaddressisdenedas127.0.0.1.
Anypacketthatsendsaloopbackaddressmustbesent
toanetworkinterfacethroughprotocolstack,insteadof
beingsenttothenetworklink.Thenetworkinterface
itselfshallacceptthesepacketsinthesamewayas
itreceivespacketsfromexternalnodes,andtransmits
thembacktotheprotocolstack.

Theloopbackfunctionisusedforsoftwaretestandcon­guration.Exceptthelowestbit,alltheotherbitsofan
IPv6loopbackaddressare0,thatis,aloopbackad­dresscanbeexpressedas0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1or::1.

–IPv6addressembeddedwithIPv4address

IntheRFC2373,IPv6providestwokindsofaddresses.
OneistheIPv4-compatibleaddress,whichallowsthe
IPv6nodetoaccessIPv4nodesthatdonotsupport
IPv6..TheotheristheIPv4-mappingaddress,which
allowstheIPv6routertotransmitIPv6packetsover
theIPv4networkinthetunnelmode,wherethenodes
understandbothIPv4andIPv6.

Thehigh-order80bitsofthesetwokindsofaddresses
areallsettozeros,andthelow-order32bitscontain
theIPv4address.Ifthemiddle16bitsofanaddress
aresettoFFFF ,itindicatesthatthisaddressistheIPv6
addressmappingtoIPv4address.T able5
addressstructuresofthesetwokindsofaddresses.

showsthe

TABLE5STRUCTUREOFTHEIPV6ADDRESSEMBEDDEDWITH
IPV4ADDRESS

IPv4CompatibleAddress

801632

0000…………………………………………00000000

IPv4imageaddress

801632

0000…………………………………………0000

�LinkLocalAddressandSite-LocalAddress

FFFFIPv4

IPv4
address

address

UsingthenetworkModel10addresstotranslateIPv4net­workaddressesprovidesanoptionfortheinstitutionsthat
donotwanttoapplyforgloballyuniqueIPv4networkad­dresses.

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION9

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Arouterthatresidesoutsideofaninstitutionbutused
bytheinstitutionshallnotforwardtheseaddresses.It
canneitherpreventtheseaddressesfrombeingforwarded,
nordistinguishtheseaddressesfromothervalidIPv4ad­dresses.Itiscomparativelyeasiertomakecongurations
foraroutertoenableittoforwardtheseaddresses.

Torealizethisfunction,IPv6allocatestwodifferentaddress
segmentsfromthegloballyuniqueInternetspace.T able6
isoriginatedfromRFC2373,indicatingthestructuresof
link-localandsite-localaddresses.

TABLE6STRUCTURESOFLINK-LOCALADDRESSANDSITE-LOCAL
ADDRESS

Link-localAddress

10

11111110100

Site-localAddress

10381664

11111110110

54

Subnet
identier

64

Interfaceidentier

Interfaceidentier

Link-localaddressesareusedinsinglenetworklinkforhost
numbering.Theaddressidentiedbythersttenbitsof
theprexisthelink-localaddress.Routersdonotprocess
thepacketswithlink-localaddressesattheirsourceend
anddestinationendbecausetheywillneverforwardthese
packets.

Themiddle54bitsofthisaddressaresettozero,its64-bit
interfaceidentierisinthesameIEEEstructureasmen­tionedintheforegoingparagraphs,andthepartofthisad­dressspaceallowssomenetworkstoconnectupto2

64

hosts.

Link-localaddressesareusedforthesinglenetworklink
andsite-localaddressesareusedforsites.Itmeansthat
site-localaddressescanbeusedtotransmitdatainthe
interconnectednetworksbutcannotbedirectlyroutedto
theglobalInternetfromasite.

Routerswithinasitecanonlyforwardpacketswithinthe
siteinsteadofforwardingthemoutsideofthesite.The
10-bitprexofasite-localaddressisimmediatelyfollowed
byasuccessionofzeros,whichisslightlydifferentfrom
thatofalink-localaddress.Thesubnetidentierofasite­localaddressis16-bit,anditsinterfaceidentierisstillthe
64-bitIEEE-basedaddress.

�OpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)NetworkServiceAc-

cessPoint(NSAP)AddressandInternetworkPacketEx­change(IPX)Address

OneoftheIPv6objectsistounifythewholenetworkworld
foramongnetworksofIP ,IPXandOSI.T osupportthis

-1

10CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

interoperatability,IPv6reserves1/128addressspacefor
OSINSAPaddressandnetworkIPXaddressrespectively.

Atpresent,theIPXaddresseshavenotbeenpreciselyde­ned.RefertoRFC1888(OSINSAPandIPv6)fordescrip­tionoftheNSAPaddressallocation.

�MulticastAddress

TheformatoftheIPv6multicastaddressisdifferentfromthat
oftheIPv6unicastaddress.Multicastaddressescanonlybe
usedasdestinationaddresses.Nopacketusesamulticast
addressasthesourceaddress.T able7showstheformatofa
multicastaddress.

TABLE7MULTICASTADDRESSFORMAT

8

1111111

44

Flags

112

Sco­pe

Groupidentier

Therstbyteoftheaddressformatissettofull-one,identify­ingitasamulticastaddress.Themulticastaddressoccupies
theentire1/256oftheIPv6addressspace.Theotherparts
excepttherstbyteofthemulticastaddressformatcontain
thefollowingthreeelds:

�Flagseld

Thiseldconsistsoffoursinglebitags.Currently,onlythe
bit-4isdesignatedtoindicatethatwhetherthisaddressis
awell-knownmulticastaddressdesignatedbytheInternet
numberinginstitution,oratemporarymulticastaddress
usedinaspecicoccasion.

Ifthisagbitissettozero,itindicatesthatthisaddressisa
well-knownaddress.Ifthisagbitissettoone,itindicates
thatthisaddressisatemporaryaddress.Theotherthree
agbitsarereservedforfutureuse.

�Scopeeld

Thisisa4-biteldandisusedtoindicatetherangeof
multicast.Thatis,whetheramulticastgrouponlyincludes
nodeswithinthesamelocalnetwork,thesamesiteorthe
sameinstitution,orincludesnodesthatresidesanywhere
intheIPv6globaladdressspace.Thepossiblevalues4–bits
valuerangesfrom0to15.T able8showsthecorresponding
range.

TABLE8MULTICASTSCOPEVALUE

Hex

00

11

22

33

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION11

DecimalValue

Reserved

Node-localrange

Link-localrange

Unallocated

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

Hex

44

55

66

77

88

99

10

11B

12C

13

14E

15F

�GroupIDeld

DecimalValue

A

D

Unallocated

Site-localrange

Unallocated

Unallocated

Institution-local
range

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Unallocated

Globalrange

Reserved

The112-bitmulticastIDeldidentiesamulticastgroup
withinaspeciedrangepermanentlyortemporarily.

�AnycastAddress

Amulticastaddresscanbesharedbymanynodesinasense.
Allthenodesofthemembersofamulticastaddressexpect
toreceiveallthepacketssenttothisaddress.Aroutercon­nectingtovedifferentlocalEthernetnetworksshallforward
acopyofthesemulticastpacketstoeachnetworkrespectively
(supposingatleastonenodeofeachnetworksubscribstothis
multicastaddress).

Anycastaddressesaresimilartomulticastaddresses.Al­thoughthetwoareinthesamecasethatananycastaddress
canbesharedbymultiplenodes,onlyonenodeofananycast
addressexpectstoreceivethepacketsenttotheanycast
address.

Anycastishelpfulinprovidingservices,especiallythosere­quiringnorelationshipbetweenclientandserver ,suchas,a
domainnameserverandatimeserver .Adomainnameserver
isnothingbutanameserver ,whichprovidesthesameperfor­mancewhetheritislocatedcloselyorremotely.

Similarly,acloselylocatedtimeserverispreferableinterms
ofaccuracy.Therefore,whenahostsendsarequesttoan
anycastaddresstoobtaininformation,itisthenearestserver
associatedtothisanycastaddressthatshallrespond.

AnycastaddressesareallocatedoutsideofthenormalIPv6uni­castaddressspace.Anycastaddressescannotbedistinguished
fromunicastaddressesintheirforms,andeachmemberof

12CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

ananycastaddressshallbeexplicitlyconguredtoidentifyan
anycastaddress.

AddressExpressionWay

AnIPv4addressisexpressedinfourpartsseparatedbydots,that
is,fournumbersseparatedbydots.Thefollowingaresomelegal
IPv4addressesexpressedbydecimalinteger:0.5.3.1,127.0.0.1,

201.199.244.101.

AnIPv4addressisexpressedasagroupoffour2-bithexintegers
orfour8-bitbinaryintegers,ofwhichthelatteroneisseldom
used.

ThelengthofanIPv6addressisfourtimesgreaterthananIPv4
address,andthecomplicacyofexpressionforanIPv6addressis
alsofourtimesgreaterthananIPv4address.AnIPv6address
canbebasicallyexpressedasX:X:X:X:X:X:X:X,amongwhichXis
4-bithexintegers(16-bit).Eachnumbercontainsfourbits,each
integercontainsfournumbersandeachaddresscontainseight
integers.Therearetotally128bits(4x4x8=128).Thefollowing
aresomelegalIPv6addresses:

CDCD:910A:2222:5498:8475:1111:3900:2020

1030:0:0:0:C9B4:FF12:48AA:1A2B

2000:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

AlltheseintegersarehexintegersandthosefromAtoFrepresent
10to15.Eachintegerofanaddressmustbeindicatedexceptfor
thestartingzero.Thisisarelativelystandardwaytoexpressan
IPv6address.Apartfromthis,therearetwomorewaysthatare
clearerandeasiertouse.

SomeIPv6addressescontainasuccessionofzeros,similartothe
secondandthethirdexamplesasmentionedabove.Inthiscase,
thesuccessionofzeroscanberepresentedby“spacing” ,aspro­videdintherelevantstandard.

Thatistosay ,theaddress2000:0:0:0:0:0:0:1canbeexpressed
as2000::1,ofwhichthetwocolonsmeanthattheaddresscan
beextendedtoacomplete128-bitaddress.Inthismethod,only
whenthe16-bitgroupisall-zero,canitbesubstitutedbytwo
colons,whichcanonlybeusedonceintheaddress.

Table9showsexamplesforcompressedformatsofIPv6ad-

dresses.

TABLE9IPV6ADDRESSCOMPRESSION

AddTypeNormalFormatCompressedFormat

Unicastaddress

Multicastaddress

Loopbackaddress

Unspeciedaddress

1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417

A

FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101FF01::101

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION13

1080::8:800:200C:417A

::1

::

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

IntheenvironmentmixedwithIPv4andIPv6,theremaybeathird
way.Theleastsignicant32-bitinanIPv6addresscanbeused
toexpressanIPv4addressinamixedway:X:X:X:X:X:X:d.d.d.d,
amongwhichXrepresentsa16-bitanddindicatesa8-bitdecimal
integer .

Forexample,theaddress0:0:0:0:0:0:10.0.0.1isalegalIPv4ad­dress.Therefore,thisaddressisexpressedas:10.0.0.1bycom­biningthetwopossibleexpressions.

AnIPv6addressconsistsoftwoparts:subnetprexandinterface
identier .AnIPnodeaddressisexpectedtobeexpressedinaway
similartothatofaCIDRaddress,asanaddresscarryinganextra
value,indicatinghowmanybitsoftheaddressisthemask.

AnIPv6nodeaddressindicatesthelengthofaprexbyseparating
thelengthfromtheIPv6addresswithaslash.

Forexample,intheaddressof

1030:0:0:0:C9B4:FF12:48AA:1A2B/60,thelengthoftheprex
forroutingis60-bits

IPv6HostAddressAnIPv6hosthasmanyIPv6addressesevenifithasonlyonesingle

interface.AnIPv6hostcanhavethefollowingunicastaddresses
simultaneously.

�Thelink-localaddressofeachinterface

�Theunicastaddressofeachinterface,whichcanbeasite-local

addressoroneormoreaggregableglobaladdresses

�Loopbackaddress(::1)ofaloopbackinterface

Inaddition,eachhostmustalwayskeeplisteningtothedatafrom
thefollowingmulticastaddresses.

�Multicastaddresses(FF01::1)ofallthenodeswithinthenode-

localrange

�Multicastaddresses(FF02::1)ofallthenodeswithinthelink-

localrange

�Multicastaddressofthesolicited-node(ifthesolicited-node

groupisaddedtoaninterfaceofthehost)

�Multicastaddressofamulticastgroup(ifanymulticastgroup

isaddedtoaninterfaceofthehost)

IPv6Router

Address

ThefollowingunicastaddressescanbeallocatedtoanIPv6router:

�Link-localaddressofeachinterface

�Unicastaddressofeachinterface,whichcanbeasite-local

addressoroneormoreaggregableglobaladdresses

�Subnet-routeranycastaddress

�Otheranycastaddresses(optional)

�Loopbackaddress(::1)ofaloopbackinterface

Similarly,apartfromtheseaddresses,aroutermustalwayskeep
listeningtothedataowfromthefollowingmulticastaddresses.

�Multicastaddresses(FF01::1)ofallthenodeswithinthenode-

localrange

�Multicastaddresses(FF02::1)ofallthenodeswithinthelink-

localrange

14CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

�Multicastaddresses(FF02::2)ofalltherouterswithinthelink-

localrange

�Multicastaddresses(FF05::2)ofalltherouterswithinthesite-

localrange

�Multicastaddressofthesolicited-node(ifthesolicited-node

groupisaddedtoaninterfaceoftherouter)

�Multicastaddressofamulticastgroup(ifanymulticastgroup

isaddedtoaninterfaceoftherouter)

IPv6AddressAutoConfiguration Technology

Thestateautocongurationemploystheplug-and-playmodeto
insertanodeintotheIPv6networkandstartsitupwithoutany
manualinterference.IPv6hastwodifferentmechanismstoshore
uptheplug-and-playnetworkconnection:

�Stateautoconguration

�Bootprotocol(BOOT strapProtocol,BOOTP)

�Dynamichostcongurationprotocol(DHCP)

BothofthetwomechanismsallowIPnodestoobtaincong­urationinformationfromaspecialBOOTPserverortheDHCP
server .Theseprotocolsusethestateautoconguration,that
is,aservermustretainandmanagethestateinformationof
eachnode.

�Statelessautoconguration

Apartfromstateautoconguration,IPv6alsoemploysakind
ofautocongurationservicenamedstatelessautocongura­tion.RFC2462describestheIPv6statelessautoconguration.

Forthestatelessautoconguration,thelocallinkmustsupport
multicast.Networkinterfacemustbeabletosendandreceive
multicastpackets.Inthestatelessautocongurationprocess,
therelevantnodesmustmeetthefollowingrequirements.

�Anodeforautocongurationmustdetermineitsownlink-

localaddress.

�Authenticatethislink-localaddresstomakesurethatitis

uniqueinthelink.

�Thenodemustdeterminetheinformationtobecongured.

SuchinformationcanbetheIPaddressofthisnode,other
congurationinformation,orbothofthem.IncaseanIP
addressisneeded,thenodemustdeterminewhethertoob­tainitthroughthestatelessautocongurationorthrough
thestateautoconguration.

Theprocedureisasfollows:

i.Inthestatelessautocongurationprocess,thehostadds

itsnetworkadapterMACaddressafterthe1111111010
prexofthelink-localaddresstocreatealink-localuni­castaddress.

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION15

ZXR10T600/T1200UserManual(IPv6Volume)

ii.Thehostsendsaneighbordiscoveryrequesttotheaddress

iii.T akingtheaddressasthesourceaddress,thehostsends

IEEEhasmodiedthenetworkadapterMACaddressfrom
48-bitto64-bit.IfthenetworkadapterMACaddressused
bythehostisstill48-bit,theIPv6networkadapterdriver
willconvertthe48-bitMACaddresstothe64-bitMACad­dressinaccordancewithanIEEEformula.

tocheckwhethertheaddressisunique.

Ifthereisnoresponsetotherequest,itindicatesthatthe
link-localunicastaddressconguredbythehostitselfis
unique.Otherwise,thehostwilluseaninterfaceIDran­domlycreatedtoformanewlink-localunicastaddress.

aroutersolicitationinthemulticastwaytoalltherouters
withinthelocallinktorequestcongurationinformation.
Routersrespondtoitwitharouteradvertisementcontain­ingtheprexofanaggregableglobalunicastaddressand
otherrelevantcongurationinformation.

Thehostautomaticallyusestheglobaladdressprexob­tainedfromroutersanditsowninterfaceIDtoautomati­callycongureaglobaladdresstocommunicatewithother
hostswithintheInternet.

ConfiguringIPv6Address

TocongurebasicIPv6,performthefollowingsteps.

St­ep

1

2

3

4

5

CommandFunction

ZXR10(config)#interface<interface-name>Thisentersinterface

ZXR10(config-if)#ipv6enableThisenablesIPv6.

ZXR10(config-if)#ipv6address<ipv6-prefix>/

<prefix-length>

ZXR10(config-if)#ipv6mtu<bytes>

ZXR10(config-if)#ipv6dad-attemps<number>

congurationmode.

ThisconguresanIPv6
addressonaninterface.

ThisconguresMTUvalue
whenIPv6packetsaresent
byinterface.

Theunitisbyte,thedefault
valuedependsonitsactual
interfacetype,theminimum
valueis1280bytes,therange
is1280~1500.

Thisconguresthetimesof
repeatedaddressdetection
oninterface.

Therangeis1~10,thedefault
valueis1.

Result:IPv6addresshasbeencongured.

16CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION

ConfiguringIPv6Address MaintenanceandDiagnosis

TomaintainanddiagnoseIPv6,usethefollowingcommands.

CommandFunction

Chapter2IPv6BasicConguration

ZXR10#showipv6interface<interface-name>Thisdisplaystheinformationof

ZXR10#showipv6interface<interface-name>briefThisdisplaystheinformationof

ZXR10#showipv6mtu

ZXR10#ping6Thisdiagnoseswhetherthe

ZXR10#trace6

ZXR10#telnet6ThisenablesanIPv6Telnet

ZXR10#debugipv6icmpThisshowsthedebugging

ZXR10#debugipv6packet

ZXR10#debugipv6tcpdriverThissetsupthedebugswitches

anipv6interfaceindetail.

anipv6interfaceinbrief.

Thisshowstheinformationof
MTUbuffer .

linkspointingtoadestinationis
proper .

Thisdiagnosestheactual
passingpathtoadestination.

connection.

informationaboutIPv6Internet
ControlMessageProtocol(ICMP)
packet.

Thisshowstheinformation
abouttheIPv6packetreceived
andsentbythesystem.

forestablishingandclosingthe
IPv6TCPconnections.

ZXR10#debugipv6tcppacket

ZXR10#debugipv6tcptransactionsThissetsupthedebugging

ZXR10#debugipv6tcpallThisenablesallTCPdebugging.

ZXR10#debugipv6udpThisenablesIPv6UDP

Thisshowstheinformation
abouttheIPv6TCPpacket
receivedandsentbythe
system.

switchesforIPv6TCPstate
transitioninformation.

debugging.

Result:ThemaintenanceanddiagnosisofIPv6addresshasbeen
congured.

CondentialandProprietaryInformationofZTECORPORATION17