ZiLOG System 8000 User Manual
,
,.
_/
,-
,
Zilog
03-3199-01
March 1982
Copyright
of
this
system,
mechanical,
prior
The
written
information
without
Zilog
assumes
other
circuit
1981
publication
or
transmitted,
photocopying,
notice.
than
circuitry
patent
by
Zilog,
may
permission
in
this
no
responsibility
licenses
Inc.
be
reproduced,
in
any
recording,
of
Zilog.
publication
embodied
are
implied.
All
form
for
in
rights
or
is
the
a
Zilog
reserved.
stored
by
or
otherwise,
subject
use
product.
any
of
No
in
a
retrieval
means,
without
to
change
any
circuitry
No
part
electronic,
the
other
NOTICE
TO
OWNER
,~
FEDERAL
COMMUNICATIONS
COMMISSION
RADIO
FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE
STATEMENT
Warning:
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not
installed and used
in
accordance with the instructions manual. may cause interference to
radio communications. As temporarily permitted by regulation it has not been tested for
co.,,-
pliance
with the limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart J of Part
15
of
FCC
Rules. which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference. Operation of this equipment
in
a residential area
is
likely to cause interference in which case the
user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to
cor-
rect the interference.
USER
i
Zilog
SYSTEf\I
8000
USER
l-lANUAL
PRELIMINARY
VERSION
The
information
contained
in
this
draft
may
undergo
changes,
both
in
content
and
organization,
before
arriving
at
its
final
form.
Zilog
USER
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USER
Zilog
USER
ii
Zilog
ii
USER
iii
Zilog
USER
PREFACE
This
manual
provides
an
introduction
and
user
information
for
the
ZEUSm
Operating
System
used
with
the
Zilog
System
8000™
Detailed
description
is
given
for
system
features,
including
the
programming
environment,
the
Monitor
Program,
and
Monitor
I/O
procedures.
This
manual
is
organized
by
sections,
each
section
representing
a
major
component
that
will
familiarize
the
user
with
the
system.
SECTION
1
General
Description
--
Describes
the
System
8000,
including
system
features
and
characteristics.
2
Programming
Environment
--
Provides
hardware
and
software
overviews
of
the
system.
3
System
8000
Monitor
Program
--
Introduces
the
Mon-
itor
Program
and
explains
the
basic
debugging
com-
mands,
I/O
controls,
and
upload/download
software.
4
Monitor
Program
I/O
Procedures
--
Introduces
the
I/O
procedures
used
with
the
Monitor
Program.
APPENDIX
A
Glossary
--
Lists
the
most
important
terms
and
acronyms
introduced
in
this
manual.
For a better
understanding
of
the
system
hardware
components
and
operating
system,
the
user
is
encouraged
to
read
the
following
manuals:
Title
~
Number
ZEUS
Reference
Manual
03-3195
ZEUS
Utilities
Manual
03-3196
ZEUS
System
Administrator
Manual
03-3197
System
8000
Hardware
Reference
03-3198
Manual
System
8000m and
ZEUSm are
registered
trad~marks
of
Zilog,
Inc.
Zilog
iii
USER
Zilog
USER
iv
Zilog
iv
USER
(
v
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USER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
SECTION 1
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
•••••••.•••••••••••••••
1
1.1
Introduction.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
••
1
1.2
System
Environment
•••••••••••••••••••
1
1.3
System
Characteristics
•••••••••••••••
3
1.4
Winchester
Disk
Performance
•••••••••
5
1.5
Cartridge
Tape
Drive
Performance
•••••
6
1.6
ADM-31
Data
Display
Terminal
Performance
..........................
6
SECTION 2
PROGRAMMING
ENVIRONMENT
•••••••••••••••••••
9
2.1
Introduction
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
9
2.2
Hardware
Configuration
•••••••••••••••
9
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
Microprocessor
••••••••••••••••
9
Winchester
Disk
Drive
•••••••••
12
Cartridge
Tape
Drive
••••••••••
12
ADM-31
Data
Display
Terminal
••
12
Communication
Ports
•••••••••••
16
SECTION 3
S8000
~~ONI'l'0R
PROGRAf.l
•••••••••••••••••••••
19
3.1
Introduction
•••••••••••••••••••••••••
19
3.2
Monitor
Program
Debug
Environment
••••
19
3.3
Monitor
Program
•••••••••••••••.••••••
20
3.3.1
Monitor
Mode Commands
••.••••••
21
3.3.2
Upload/Download
Mode
Commands
••••••••••••••••••••••
28
3.4
System
Parameters
••••••••••••••••••••
31
SECTION 4
MONITOR
I/O
PROCEDURES
•••••••••••••••••••
35
4.1
4.2
Introduction
.........................
35
I/O
Procedures
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
APPENDIX A GLOSSARY. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
••
39
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vi
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USER
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1-1
S8000
Basic
System
Configuration
•••••••••••••••
2
1-2
Processor
~lodule
Controls
and
Indicators
••.••••
4
2-1
S8000
Functional
Block
Diagram
•••••••••••.•••.•
10
2-2
Peripheral
Module
Hardware
Components
••••.•••••
11
2-3
ADM-31
Data
Display
Terminal
Keyboard
••.•••••••
14
2-4
ADM-31
Keyboard
Special-Purpose
Keys
•••••••••••
15
2-5
Communication
Ports
•••••.••.••.••••••••••.•••••
17
LIST
OF
TABLES
Table
3-1
Program
Status
Area
•••.•••••••••••••••••••..•••
33
3-2
System
Hardware
I/O
Port
Addresses
•••••••••.•.•
34
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USER
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USER
SECTION 1
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
1.1
Introduction
The
Zilog
S8000
System
(Figure
1-1)
is
a
high
performance
microcomputer
system
based
on
th~
Z8001A
16-bit
microproces-
sor.
Program
development
and
text
processing
are
accom-
plished
with
the
ZEUS
Operating
System.
Supporting
up
to
16
users,
the
system
develops
code
for
all
Zilog
CPUs.
This
section
is
a
general
description
of
the
S8000.
1.2
System
Environment
The
S8000
uses
Winchester
disk
storage
and
supports
a
com-
munication
interface
with
other
ZEUS-based
systems,
emula-
tion
devices,
and
development
modules.
The
58000
provides
comprehensive
software
development
and
documentation
tools
to
maximize
programmer
productivity
and
documentation
qual-
ity.
It
includes
the
following
features:
~
A 6
MHz
Z8001A
16-bit
microprocessor
~
256K
bytes
of
error-correcting
memory
~
A
32-bit
ZBI(TM)
backplane
with
an
8-megabyte/
second
bandwidth
~
Intelligent
Z80B-based
controllers
for
disk
and
tape
drives
~
A
24-megabyte
(unformatted)
eight-inch
Winchester
disk
drive
~
A
17-megabyte
(unformatted)
cartridge
tape
drive
~
ZEUS
multi-user,
multitasking
operating
system
The
following
hardware
options
are
also
available:
~
Additional
256K-byte
memory
boards
for
up
to
1.5
megabytes
of
error-correcting
memory
$
Up
to
four
24-megabyte
Winchester
drives
$
Up
to
eight
additional
serial
I/O
ports
Zilog
1
USER
Zilog
USER
Figure
2
1-1.
S8000
Basic
Zilog
System
Configuration
2
USE~
3
Zilog
USER
$
Up
to
four
l7-megabyte
cartridge
tape
drives
$
Character
and
line
printers
The number
of
controls
and
indicators
have
been
minimized
to
facilitate
system
use.
Only
the
keylock
ON/OFF
switch,
the
RESET
and
START
switches,
and
the
AC
power
switch
are
neces-
sary
to
power up
and
maintain
the
S8000.
Refer
to
Figure
1-2
for
control
and
indicator
locations.
Controls
for
the
optional
Lear
Siegler
ADM-3l
Data
Display
Terminal
include
a
brightness/contrast
control
knob
and
an
AC
power
ON/OFF
switch.
The
resources
of
the
S8000
are
controlled
by
the
ZEUS
Ker-
nel.
The
Kernel
or
the
operating
system
provide
process
management,
file
management,
input/output
(I/O)
processing,
and
increased
program
functionality
with
compatible
file,
device,
and
interprocess
I/O.
ZEUS
is
a
multi-user,
multitasking
operating
system
consist-
ing
of
a
hierarchical
file
system
for
efficient
file
organi-
zation
and a comprehensive
command
language.
A
communica-
tion
program
allows
the
S8000
to
interface
with
other
ZEUS
or
UNIX-based
systems.
Also,
with
ZEUS,
it
is
possible
to
communicate
with
emulation
devices
and
development
modules.
ZEUS
development
tools
include
extensive
language
capabili-
ties
such
as
C,
Pascal,
PLZ/SYS, PLZ/ASM, a
compiler-writing
system,
and a general
purpose
macroproCessor.
Additional
enhancements
to
the
development
system
include
a
full
CRT-
oriented
text
editor,
text
processing,
spelling
error
detec-
tion,
and
document
formatters
for
the
optional
printers.
1.3
System
Characteristics
Processor:
CPU
Clock
Frequency:
I/O:
Baud
Rate:
Segmented
48-pin
Z8001A
CPU
5.5
MHz
Eight
RS-232C
serial
I/O
ports
and
one
parallel
printer
port
From 110
to
19,200
baud
(set
by
software)
Zilog
3
USER
Zilog
USER
LOCK
eON
D
RESET
D
START
POWER
USER
DMA
00155
Figure
1-2.
Processor
Module
Controls
and
Indicators
4
Zilog
4"
USER
(
5
Front
Panel:
Rear
Panel:
Domestic
Power:
International
Power:
Environmental:
Cabinet
Size:
Cabinet
~leight:
Zilog
USER
Cutouts
for
keylock
ON/OFF
switch,
RESET
switch,
and
START
switch.
Translucent
plastic
for
three
indi-
cator
lamps:
POWER
(+SV
DC),
USER
(CPU
is
in
normal
state),
and
DMA
(CPU
is
giving
up
the
bus
for
Direct
Memory
Access
devices)
Eight
RS-232C
serial
I/O
ports,
a
parallel
I/O
port
for
a
printer,
a
50-pin
connector
for
the
DEI
car-
tridge
tape
unit
interface,
a
40-
pin
connector
for
the
Winchester
disk
drive
interface,
and
two
spare
37-pin
connectors
for
the
terminal
expansion
option
l17Vac
+10%
-20%,
single
phase,
60
Hz.
Current:
lOA
max.
(sustained),
l5A
max.
(surge)
220Vac +10
-20%,
single
phase,
50
Hz. Cur
rent:
SA
max.
(sustained),
8A
max.
(surge)
Operating
temperature:
50
degrees
F (10
C)
minimum
104
degrees
F (40
C)
maximum
Relative
humidity:
80%
noncondensing
Height:
l-I7idth:
Depth:
33
inches
(84
crn)
19
inches
(48
crn)
24
inches
(61
crn)
Approximately
132
pounds
(60 kg)
1.4
Winchester
Disk
Performance
Rotation
speed:
Power
On
to
ready
time:
Average
random
positioning
time:
Number
of
surfaces:
Tracks
per
surface:
Sectors
per
track:
Zilog
3600
RPr1
15
seconds
42
MS
")
...
600
24
5
USER
6
Zilog
USER
Bytes
per
sector:
512
Data
transfer
rate:
SOIK
bytes/second
1.5
Cartridge
Tape
Drive
Performance
Cartridge:
ANSI
X3.55 -1977
300
ft.
or
450
ft.
Tape
length
Speed
Read/Write
(rewind):
30
ips
(90
ips)
Tracks:
4
Recording
density:
6400 BPI
1.6
ADM-3l
Data
Display
Terminal
Performance
DISPLAY
Refresh
Rate:
Character
Set:
KEYBOARD
FUNCTIONS
Keyboard:
Cursor
Control:
Edit
Keys:
Function
Command
Keys:
Special
Purpose
Keys:
TRANSlo1ISS
ION
MODES
Interface:
Data
Rate:
60
Hz
or
50 Hz,
depending
on
line
frequency
128
ASCII
characters
(uppercase,
lowercase,
and
control
characters)
26-letter
alphabet
with
uppercase
and
lowercase,
numeric
0
through
9
Individual
cursor
control
keys
Character
insert,
character
delete,
line
insert,
line
delete,
line
erase,
page
erase,
and
clear
ESCape,
BREAK,
PRINT,
SEND
LINE,
SEND
PAGE,
TAB/BACK
TA.B,
NEvI
LINE
I
and
FUNCTION
RETURN,
CTRL
(control),
and
RUB
RS-232C
current
port
Variable
Zilog
point-to-point
loop;
RS-232C
"-~--
or
20mA
EXTENSION
6
USER
Parity:
POWER
Standard:
Optional:
Heat
Dissipation:
Environmental:
7
Zilog
USER
None
11SVac,
60
Hz
230/240Vac,
50
Hz
222
BTU/HR
Operating
temperature:
41
to
122
degrees
F
(5
to
50
C)
Relative
humidity:
5%
to
95%
without
condensation
Zilog
7
USER
Zilog
USER
8
Zilog
8
USER
Q
Zilog
USER
SECTION 2
PROGRAr.nUNG
ENVIRONHENT
2.1
Introduction
The
S8000
System
uses
a
zaooo
microprocessor-based
operating
system
to
perform
software
development
tasks.
This
section
provides
the
basis
for
all
later
discussions
of
Monitor
Pro-
gram
applications
and
I/O
procedures.
The
S8000
Monitor
sets
software
breakpoints
for
program
debugging,
and
includes
I/O
control,
interface
software
for
use
with
a
serial
interface
to
a
remote
computer
system,
and
the
primary
bootstrapper
used
to
bring
the
system
up.
2.2
Hardware
Configuration
The
following
paragraphs
briefly
describe
the
major
charac-
teristics
of
the
S8000
hardware.
Detailed
general
installa-
tion
and
maintenance
information
is
contained
in
the
S8000
Hardware
Reference
Manual.
Figure
2-1
illustrates
the
func-
tional
relationship
of
the
S80nO
hardware
components.
2.2.1
Microprocessor
The
architectural
resources
of
the
Z8000
CPU
include
sixteen
16-bit
general-purpose
registers,
seven
data
types
ranging
from
8-bit
to
32-bit
long
words
and
byte
strings,
eight
user-selectable
addressing
modes,
and
110
distinct
instruc-
tion
types.
The
CPU
can
address
up
to
16
megabytes
in
128K
byte
segments
(64K
bytes
of
data
and
64K
bytes
of
instruc-
tion).
Moreover,
more
than
90%
of
the
instructions
can
use
any
of
five
main
addressing
modes,
with
8-bit
byte,
16-bit
word,
and
32-bit
long
word
data
types.
The
CPU
has
two
operating
modes,
system
and
normal
(user),
that
keep
operating
system
and
applications
programming
separate,
as
in
computer
systems.
This
separation
of
CPU
resources
promotes
the
integrity
of
the
system,
since
pro-
grams
operating
in
normal
mode
cannot
access
those
aspects
of
the
CPU
that
deal
with
time-dependent
or
system
interface
events.
Zilog
9
USER
Zilog
USER
UP
TO
3 ADDITIONAL DRIVES
/
~
I I I
I I I
,--------,
,...--------,
....
'--------..,
I
,...
.....
-------....,
I
r.L..-------,
I I
,...'--------.....,
I I
I I
I I I .
I I I
ADDITIONAL
II
ADDITIONAL
8 SERIAL
PARALLEL DISK
ILJ
TAPE
I L I
8 SERIAL PARALLEL
1/0 PORTS
PORT
DRIVE(S)
LJ
DRIVE(S)
LJ
~
I/O PORTS PORT
J
J
...t.
,..
.J!
;:..
...t.
,..
...t.
r--
...t.
,...
...t.
,...
DISK DRIVE
TAPE DRIVE
I/O BUS
1/0 BUS
INTERFACE
INTERFACE
11
...t.
::..
'(40·PIN FLAT
(50·PIN FLAT
RIBBON CABLE)
RIBBON CABLE)
~
-..:
7-
-..:
7-
7"-
SECONDARY
WINCHESTER
CARTRIDGE
SERIAL
CPU
DISK
TAPE
BOARD
CONTROLLER
CONTROLLER
J:
;::..
...:;
;::..
...t.
i'"
7"-
"'<
7"-
-..:
7"-
2
Z·BUS
BACKPLANE
INTERCONNECT
(ZBI)
"1
...t.
,...
,--------.,
,...
.....
-------.,
I
r
......
-------.,
I I
UP
TO
5 ADDITIONAL
~
[
....
-------,
I I I 256K
OR
1 MEGABYTE
,
-------.,
I I I I MEMORY BOARDS
I
I I I I
I
I.
I
I.J
ECC MEMORY
ECC MEMORY
I I
i-J
I
i-~
CONTROLLER
256K BYTE
i-J
J
...t.
1
f""
32·BIT
ECC
MEMORY BUS
~
~ ~
;:
~
Figure
2-1.
S8000
Functional
Block
Diagram
10
Zilog
10
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