YOKOGAWA AQ7280 User Manual

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User ’s Manual

AQ7280 OTDR

IM AQ7280-01EN

5th Edition

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Thank you for purchasing the AQ7280 OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). This user’s manual explains the features, operating procedures, and handling precautions of the AQ7280. To ensure correct use, please read this manual thoroughly before beginning operation. Keep this manual in a safe place for quick reference in the event that a question arises. The AQ7280 comes with the following manuals. Please read all manuals.

List of Manuals

Manual Title Manual No. Description

AQ7280 OTDR User’s Manual (included in CD)

AQ7280 OTDR Getting Started Guide IM AQ7280-02EN This guide focuses on the handling precautions, basic

AQ7280 OTDR Communication Interface User’s Manual (included in CD) Model 739883 Battery Pack Handling Precautions AQ7280 OTDR User’s Manual IM AQ7280-92Z1 A document for China.

The “EN” and “Z1” in the manual numbers are the language codes.

Contact information of Yokogawa offices worldwide is provided on the following sheet.

Document No. Description

PIM 113-01Z2 List of worldwide contacts

IM AQ7280-01EN This manual. The manual explains all the AQ7280

features other than the communication command features.

operations, and specifications of the AQ7280.

IM AQ7280-17EN This manual explains the feature for controlling the

AQ7280 using communication commands.

IM 739883-01EN This document explains the handling precautions of

the battery pack.

Notes

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of continuing improvements to the software’s performance and functionality. The figures given in this manual may differ from those that actually appear on your screen.

• Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its contents. However, should you have any questions or find any errors, please contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

• Copying or reproducing all or any part of the contents of this manual without the permission of YOKOGAWA is strictly prohibited.

Trademarks

• Microsoft, Windows, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

• Adobe and Acrobat are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

• Compact - VJE is a trademark of Yahoo! Inc.

• In this manual, the ® and TM symbols do not accompany their respective registered trademark or trademark names.

• FlashAir is a trademark of TOSHIBA CORPORATION.

• Other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Revisions

October 2014 1st Edition March 2015 2nd Edition July 2015 3rd Edition January 2016 4th Edition July 2016 5th Edition

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Conventions Used in This Manual

Notes

The notes and cautions in this manual are categorized using the following symbols.

Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage to the

instrument. This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate that the user must refer to the user's manual for special instructions. The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user's manual to identify those instructions. In the user's manual, the symbol is used in conjunction with the word “WARNING” or “CAUTION.”

WARNING

CAUTION

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause serious or fatal injury to

the user, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to the user

or cause damage to the instrument or user’s data, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

ATTENTION

Calls attention to information that is important for the proper operation of the

Note

Attire l’attention sur des gestes ou des conditions susceptibles de

Attire l’attention sur des gestes ou des conditions susceptibles

de provoquer des blessures graves (voire mortelles), et sur les précautions de sécurité pouvant prévenir de tels accidents.

provoquer des blessures légères ou d’endommager l’instrument ou les données de l’utilisateur, et sur les précautions de sécurité susceptibles de prévenir de tels accidents.

instrument.

Symbols and Conventions Used in Procedural Explanations

The contents of the procedural explanations are indicated using the following symbols.

Procedure

Carry out the procedure according to the step numbers. All procedures are

written under the assumption that you are starting operation at the beginning of the procedure, so you may not need to carry out all the steps in a procedure when you are changing the settings.

Explanation

This section describes the setup items and the limitations regarding the

procedures. It may not give a detailed explanation of the feature. For a detailed explanation of the feature, see chapter 2.

Character Notations

Panel Key Names and Soft Key Names in Bold Characters

Indicate panel keys that are used in the procedure and soft keys and menu items that appear on the screen.

Unit

k Denotes 1000. Example: 400 km K Denotes 1024. Example: 400KB (file size)

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List of Manuals ...................................................................................................................................i

Conventions Used in This Manual ....................................................................................................ii

Chapter 1 Features

1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement ............................................................................................. 1-5

1.3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display ...................................................................................... 1-8

1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis .................................................................................................... 1-10

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meter ........................................................................... 1-15

1.6 File Operation and Printing ............................................................................................. 1-16

1.7 System Features ............................................................................................................ 1-18

Chapter 2 Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions .......................................................... 2-1

2.2 Performing Averaged Measurements ............................................................................. 2-15

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons

(/SMP option).................................................................................................................. 2-17

2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks ............... 2-23

2.5 Performing Real-time Measurement .............................................................................. 2-27

2.6 Performing High Resolution Measurement .................................................................... 2-30

2.7 Displaying Reference Trace Waveforms ........................................................................ 2-33

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement .................................................................... 2-34

2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option) .............................................................. 2-46

2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features................................................................. 2-53

Chapter 3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

3.1 Waveform Display Screen ................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display ................................................................................... 3-2

3.3 Zooming and Moving Displayed Waveforms .................................................................. 3-10

Chapter 4 Optical Pulse Analysis

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms ....................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Analyzing Events ............................................................................................................ 4-17

Index

Chapter 5 Optical Output and Optical Power Measurement

5.1 Outputting Light (/SLS option, VLS) ................................................................................. 5-1

5.2 Measuring Optical Power (OPM, /PC option) ................................................................... 5-3

Chapter 6 File Operation and Printing

6.1

6.2 Connecting an SD Card ................................................................................................... 6-2

6.3 Saving and Loading Data ................................................................................................. 6-3

6.4 Copying and Deleting Files .............................................................................................6-11

6.5 Renaming Files .............................................................................................................. 6-13

6.6 Creating Folders ............................................................................................................. 6-15

6.7 Copying and Deleting Folders ........................................................................................ 6-17

6.8

6.9 Setting the Items to Display in File Lists ......................................................................... 6-25

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Connecting USB Storage Media to the USB Ports ................................................................. 6-1

Creating Reports of Waveform Data as PDF Data ............................................................. 6-19

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Contents

6.10 Printing the Current Displayed Waveform ...................................................................... 6-27

6.11 Printing Saved Waveforms ............................................................................................. 6-29

Chapter 7 System Configuration

7.1 Setting the Power Save Mode .......................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Initializing the AQ7280 to Its Factory Default Condition ................................................... 7-2

7.3 Setting Operation Restrictions .......................................................................................... 7-3

7.4 Configuring Network Settings (/LAN option) ..................................................................... 7-5

7.5 Web Server Feature ......................................................................................................... 7-8

7.6 Other Features ................................................................................................................7-11

Chapter 8 Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Inspection

8.1 If a Problem Occurs .......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Error Messages ................................................................................................................ 8-2

8.3 Viewing the Product Information....................................................................................... 8-6

8.4 Executing a Self-Test ........................................................................................................ 8-7

8.5 Updating the Firmware ..................................................................................................... 8-8

8.6 Checking the Optical Fiber End Face for Stains .............................................................. 8-9

8.7 Mechanical Inspection and Operation Check ................................................................. 8-13

8.8 Replacing the Optical Adapter ........................................................................................ 8-14

8.9 Routine Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 8-16

8.10 Storage Precautions ....................................................................................................... 8-18

8.11 Recommended Part Replacement ................................................................................. 8-19

8.12 Calibration ...................................................................................................................... 8-20

Index

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Mainframe

Visible light (with the visible light source

Chapter 1 Features

1.1 Overview

System Configuration

The AQ7280 consists of a mainframe and OTDR unit. If necessary, an OPM module can be installed into the mainframe to measure loss in optical fiber cables and view the power of communication light. An VLS module can be installed to visually check the fault location.

USB memory, fiber inspection probe, printer

TypeA x2

Display block

Control block

Internal memory

OTDR unit

OPM module

Features

Optical pulse: OTDR Measurement light: Light source (/SLS) Power checker (/PC)

feature; CW, CHOP)

Measurement light (CW, CHOP)

SD slot

Visible light (CW, CHOP)

VLS module

Control and computation block

Power supply block

Battery pack

AC adapter

SD card

ETHERNET (/LAN option)

USB (TypeB_mini)

Mainframe

The AQ7280OTDR mainframe. In combination with an OTDR unit, the mainframe can test for

breaks, connections, losses, and the like. In addition, by installing an option module, you can use the mainframe as an optical power meter or visible light source.

The main processes performed on the mainframe are as follows:

• Key and touch panel operations

• Set measurement conditions

• 8.4 inch large LCD

• Multi touch support

• Battery driven

• System that enables both units and modules to be controlled

• Remote control through external interfaces (USB, Ethernet (/LAN option))

The mainframe runs on an AC adapter (sold separately) or internal battery. The AC adapter (sold

separately) is required to charge the internal battery.

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1.1 Overview

OTDR Unit

Install the OTDR unit into the mainframe to use the AQ7280 as an OTDR. There are several types

of OTDR units available for different wavelengths, dynamic ranges, and the like. You can choose the one that suits your application.

Based on user input through the mainframe, the light emitter (LD; laser diode) is driven, and

the generated optical pulse is emitted from the OTDR port into the optical fiber cable under measurement.

The backscatter and reflected light that occur in the optical fiber cable under measurement returns

to the OTDR port. The returned measurement light is received by the light detector (APD: Avalanche photodiode), read as a digital signal by the A/D section, subjected to averaging and other waveform processing, and output to the mainframe where the OTDR waveform is displayed.

With the light source option (/SLS), based on user input through the mainframe, the light emitter (LD;

laser diode) is driven, and CW or CHOP measurement light is emitted.

With the optical power checker option (/PC), the communication light (fiber in use) present in

the optical fiber cable under measurement is detected at the OTDR port, and its power level is measured.

OPM Module

Install the OPM module into the mainframe to use the AQ7280 as an optical power meter (OPM).

The measurement light applied to the optical port is received by the light detector (PD: photodiode), read as a digital signal by the A/D section, and output as measured values to the mainframe where they are displayed.

Modules with the visible light source function (AQ2780V, AQ2781V) can emit visible light like the

VLS module. The wavelength of the visible light source is 650 nm.

VLS Module

The VLS (visible light source) module is designed to test for breaks, connections, losses, and the

like in optical fiber networks. It can be used as a visible light source by installing it as an option to the AQ7280 OTDR mainframe. The wavelength of the visible light source is 650 nm.

OTDR Features

OTDR stands for optical time domain reflectometer. The AQ7280 displays waveforms that you can use to detect fault locations in optical fiber cables and monitor fault conditions (transmission loss, splice loss, etc.). It is mainly used in the following optical fiber cable installation and maintenance situations.

• Access network connecting telecom carriers and subscribers, including service providers (SM optical fiber cable)

• Core network between telecom carriers (multi-core SM optical fiber cable)

• Local area network in buildings (MM

1 SM: Single mode 2 MM: Multi mode

optical fiber cable)

Optical Pulse Measurement

• Averaged Measurement

A measurement in which measurements are taken several times and the measured values are

averaged to display the result.

• Icon Display of Results after Averaged Measurement (/SMP option)

After averaged measurement is performed, the OTDR waveform is automatically analyzed, and

the results are displayed using icons for each event type. To use this feature, start OTDR Smart Mapper from the top menu.

• Display of the Distances to Breaks after Averaged Measurement

After averaged measurement is performed, the OTDR waveform is automatically analyzed,

breaks (faults) are detected, and the distances to the breaks are displayed. To use this feature, start Fault Locator from the top menu.

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1.1 Overview

• Real-time Measurement

While optical pulse measurement is in progress, measured values are updated and displayed in

real time.

• Multi-core Optical Fiber Cable Measurement

Multi-core fiber measurement takes time and effort. This feature makes it possible to efficiently

measure multi-core optical fiber cables through a dedicated menu. To use several measurement functions such as power meter and connector end face testing in addition to OTDR (optical pulse measurement), start Multi Fiber Project from the top menu.

• Optical Fiber Cable Monitoring (/MNT option)

This feature performs optical pulse measurement at regular intervals so that you can monitor for

errors in the optical fiber cable. To use this feature, start Schedule Measurement from the top menu.

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

This feature zooms in and out of displayed waveforms and moves waveforms.

Optical Pulse Analysis

• Waveform Analysis

The following events can be analyzed using cursors and markers.

• Distance

• Splice loss

• Return loss

Analysis is performed over the entire waveform or a section of the waveform using the following

features.

• Multi trace analysis Up to four waveforms can be displayed simultaneously for comparison.

• 2 way trace analysis The waveform measured from one end of the optical fiber cable and that measured from the

other end are combined to verify events that could not be detected because of dead zones.

• Differential trace The difference between two waveforms is displayed to analyze the differences between event

values.

• Section analysis Return loss between markers can be analyzed.

• Event Analysis

Events are automatically detected. In addition, you can edit events and event lists. Adjustments

can be made when certain events cannot be detected or when noise is detected as events.

Features

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1.1 Overview

Light Source Feature

• Stabilized Light Source (/SLS option)

This is used as a light source for measuring optical loss or as a light source for optical fiber

identification. The measurement light (CW, CHOP) is emitted from the OTDR port of the OTDR

unit.

The wavelength of the measurement light is the same as that of the optical pulse of the relevant OTDR unit. * AQ7282M is supported on firmware version 2.01 and later.

• Visible Light Source (VLS module, OPM module with a VLS function)

This is used to view the fault locations or check the cores of multi-core optical fiber cables. A 650

nm visible light (CW, CHOP (2 Hz)) is emitted from the optical output port of the VLS module or that of the OPM module with a visible light source.

Optical Power Meter Feature

• Optical Power Meter (OPM module)

This is used as an optical power meter for measuring optical loss or for measuring the power of

communication light. It measures the power of the light entering the optical input port of the OPM module. By logging and graphing the fluctuation in the optical power value, you can view the fluctuation in the optical power and loss.

• Power Checker (/PC option)

The OTDR port

feature (/PC option) that enables you to check the presence of communication light (fiber in use) within the optical fiber cable under measurement and view its power value. * Not applicable to the port 2 of AQ7283E and AQ7283F.

of the OTDR unit (except AQ7282M) is equipped with an optical power checker

USB Feature

• USB Storage Medium Connection (Type A)

USB storage media complying with USB1.0/1.1/2.0 can be used. Up to two media can be

connected.

You can save waveform data and measurement conditions to them.

• Fiber Inspection Probe Connection (Type A)

A fiber inspection probe specified by Yokogawa can be used to view stains on the optical fiber

cable end face on the AQ7280 screen. To use this feature, start Fiber Inspection Probe from the top menu. The fiber inspection probe is not included with the AQ7280. Please purchase your own fiber inspection probe. For information about compatible fiber inspection probes, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

• PC Connection (Type B mini)

You can connect a PC to the AQ7280 and control it using communication commands. For details,

see the communication interface user’s manual, IM AQ7280-17EN.

ETHERNET Feature (/LAN option)

You can connect a PC to the AQ7280 and control it using communication commands. For details, see the communication interface user’s manual, IM AQ7280-17EN.

SD Card

You can use SD cards. Only one SD card can be inserted at any given time. You can save waveform data and measurement conditions to them. SD cards are not included with the AQ7280. Please use your own SD cards. For information about compatible SD cards, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

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1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

Optical fiber cable being measured

Optical pulse output

The AQ7280 applies an incident optical pulse to the connected optical fiber cable and measures the power level of the reflected light from the different sections of the optical fiber cable such as its connections, bent sections, and the open end of the fiber. The AQ7280 uses the measured power level to determine the distance to the different points (splices, breaks, etc.) of the optical fiber cable and the loss and other phenomena that occur at those points. For details on how to view optical pulse waveforms, see section 1.3.

OTDR/Light source port

(optical port 1)

OTDR port (optical port 2)

Features

Reflection point

AQ7280

Reflected light

Do not bend the optical fiber cable.

Mode

• Simple Mode

In optical pulse measurement, there are measurement conditions related to measurement

resolution—such distance range and pulse width—and analysis conditions related to the optical fiber cable—such as index of refraction and backscatter. These conditions must be set according to the item being measured or analyzed. The AQ7280 can perform an optical pulse measurement immediately before the actual measurement, calculate the distance, splice loss, and the like beforehand, determine the suitable range from these values, and perform the actual measurement.

• Detail Mode

If the distance to the measurement target or the optical fiber cable characteristics are known or

if you want to measure or analyze a specific event in detail, you can set the values individually as necessary. If you set the measurement conditions—such as the distance range and pulse width—to Auto, the AQ7280 will determine the suitable range and perform the measurement like in Simple Mode, described above.

• PON Mode

If the optical fiber cables to be measured are connected to a PON (passive optical network)

system, optical splitters that divide the optical fiber cables into the PON system is installed. The measurement and analysis conditions will vary depending on the installation conditions of the optical splitters. In PON mode, the AQ7280 determines the suitable measurement and analysis conditions based on the number of optical splitter stages, route information, and distance range to set the optimal values. These values can be changed if necessary.

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Averaged Measurement

Averaged measurement is effective when you want to detect reflections, splice loss, and other faint events that are generated from connections or splice points but are buried in noise. The AQ7280 derives the measured data by averaging the specified number of optical pulse measurements or by averaging optical pulse measurements over the specified duration. During averaged measurement, you cannot change the measurement conditions. You can stop an averaged measurement before it completes.

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1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

Icon Display of Results after Averaged Measurement (/SMP option)

The AQ7280 can perform an averaged measurement and then automatically display the measured result events as icons on the screen. Detailed event analysis results are displayed along with the displayed icons. In addition, if pass/fail judgment specified, icons are displayed in different colors depending on the results.

Displays events as icons

Display of the Distances to Breaks after Averaged Measurement

The AQ7280 can perform an averaged measurement and then automatically search for breaks (faults) in the optical fiber cable or optical line and display the distances to the breaks on the screen. If there are no faults in the middle of the optical fiber cable, the end of the cable is detected as a fault. You can specify the search wavelength or the loss level that is used to determine the end of the optical fiber cable. You can also zoom the display scale of the measured waveform and move the display position.

Break (fault)

Loss level for determining whether this is the end of fiber

Real-time Measurement

Real-time measurement is a feature that measures optical pulses while updating and displaying the measured values. You can monitor in real time events, such as splice loss and return loss, while installing optical fiber cables. You can also view the changes in the waveform as you change the measurement conditions,* such as the wavelength, distance range, and pulse width.

* The measurement conditions that you can change vary depending on the measurement mode. For details on

the measurement conditions, see the procedural explanations in chapter 3.

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1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

Optical Pulse Measurement of Multi-core Optical Fiber Cables

Multi-core fiber measurement takes time and effort. This feature makes it possible to efficiently measure multi-core optical fiber cables through a dedicated menu.

Projects

Items required to make multi-core optical fiber cable measurements such as measurement

conditions, analysis conditions, and core information are managed as projects. By creating a project before a measurement, you can measure cores under the same conditions. You can save projects to files. You can load a previously saved project and make measurements

under the same conditions.

List

Cores are listed. You can easily distinguish between cores that have been measured, cores

that have not been measured, and cores that do not to be measured. This list prevents you

from forgetting measurements and from making unnecessary measurements. (You can make

measurements efficiently.)

Saving Measured Results

Measurement results of each core are automatically saved to a folder that is automatically created

in the folder that the project file is saved in. The folder will have the same name as the project file.

Optical Fiber Cable Monitoring (/MNT option)

This feature performs optical pulse measurement at regular intervals so that you can monitor for errors in the optical fiber cable. Results measured at regular intervals are saved to memory in CSV or SOR format (waveform data). Data and folders saved in memory are automatically assigned names with timestamps. During monitoring (while schedule measurement is in progress), measurement items, such as the loss between two points, of the logged optical pulses are shown on the AQ7280 screen. Because the changes in the measurement items, such as the loss between two points, can be seen on the time axis, if an interruption occurs in the optical pulse input, you can determine when the optical power level fell on the AQ7280 screen. After determining the time, you can view the measured results in the file with the corresponding timestamp. Up to four measurement items can be monitored.

Features

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1.3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

Incident ray Backscatter Splice

Connector Bend

Dynamic range (SNR = 1)

Incident ray

Optical fiber cable

You can display the measured result as a waveform on the screen. You can zoom the displayed waveform and move the position that is displayed.

How to View Optical Pulse Waveforms

The optical pulse applied to the optical fiber cable is reflected at different points of the optical fiber such as its connections, bent sections, and the open end of the fiber. These sections generate loss. The measured result is displayed as a waveform that has distance represented in the horizontal direction and loss level represented in the vertical direction. On the waveform, detected losses or reflections are known as events.

Optical fiber cable

Near-end reflection

Approximated line

Splice loss

Reflection caused by a connector

Loss caused by bending

Reflection at the open end (Fresnel reflection)

Open end

Near-end Reflection

This is the reflection that occurs at the point where the AQ7280 and the optical fiber cable are connected. This also includes the AQ7280’s internal reflection. In the section where this near-end reflection is detected, even if there are other connections, the loss and reflections that occur at these points cannot be detected. This section is the near-end dead zone. When you are measuring a short distance, connect a launch fiber cable to reduce the effect of the near-end reflection.

Backscatter

1-8

When light travels through an optical fiber cable, Rayleigh scattering caused by changes in the density of materials that are smaller than the light’s wavelength and inconsistencies in the fiber's composition generates loss in the optical fiber itself. The portion of the scattered light that travels in the direction opposite to the direction of propagation is known as backscatter.

Backscatter

Small material

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Incident ray (100%)

RMS level of noise

1.3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

Splice Loss

Because spliced sections of optical fiber cables have a great number of changes in the material’s density and inconsistencies in the cable’s composition, loss due to Rayleigh scattering becomes large, and splice loss occurs in these sections.

Features

Reflection at the Connection Point of Connectors

Using a connector to connect two optical fibers is different from splicing them together in that a small gap remains between the two fibers. Because this gap has a different index of refraction, reflection occurs.

Connector

Gap

Optical fiber cable Optical fiber cable

Fresnel Reflection at the Open End of the Fiber

This is the reflection that occurs at locations where the index of refraction changes (glass to air) such as where there are tears in the optical fiber cable or at the end of it. When the optical fiber cable end face is vertical, approximately 3% of the incident optical power (–14.7 dB) is reflected.

Glass Air

Light

Reflected light (3%)

(97%)

Dynamic Range

Dynamic range refers to the range of optical power levels that can be measured. The larger the dynamic range, the greater the distance that optical pulses can be measured over.

Measurement waveform

Noise peak

2.6 dB

Dynamic range

(SNR=1)

Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

You can zoom the displayed waveform in the direction of the optical power level (vertically) or in the direction of the distance (horizontally). A rectangular frame that shows the zoom position is displayed on the overview screen that appears in the bottom right of the screen.

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Moving the Waveform Display Position

You can move the displayed waveform in the direction of the optical power level (vertically) or in the direction of the distance (horizontally). A rectangular frame that shows the display position is displayed on the overview screen that appears in the bottom right of the screen. This is the same rectangular frame that shows the zoom position.

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1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

Waveform Analysis

You can use cursors and markers to measure values such as the distance, splice loss, and return loss between two points.

Measuring Distance

The AQ 7280 measures the time that it takes for an incident optical pulse to be reflected and return to the device. It uses this information and the following equation to calculate the distance (L). L=C×T/(2N) [m] C : The speed of light in a vacuum 2.99792×10 T : The time measured from when the incident optical pulse was generated to when the

reflected light was received [s] N : Index of refraction In the above equation, the division by two accounts for the fact that the measured time represents the total time taken by the optical pulse to reach the reflection point and to return from it. If the correct index of refraction is not specified, there will be errors in the distance measurement.

Setting the Index of Refraction

The AQ7280 has preset indices of refraction that correspond to each wavelength. For details on the

settings, see section 4.1. Contact the optical fiber manufacturer for the optical fiber cable’s correct index of refraction.

[m/s]

Distance Range

You must select a distance range that is longer than the cable length of the optical fiber cable that

you want to measure. As the distance becomes greater, the measurement time also increases. For details on the setting range, see section 2.1.

Pulse Width

The following features are available depending on the length of the pulse width. The pulse width

that you can select varies depending on the distance range that you have specified. For details on the settings, see section 2.1.

• Short Pulse Width

You can separate and measure adjacent events (reflection points and losses). However, you

cannot measure long distances.

• Long Pulse Width

You can measure long distances. However, multiple adjacent events may be seen as one single

event.

Pulse width

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1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

Dead Zone

An area where the influence of a large event such as a connector’s connection point makes it

impossible to recognize other events that exist in that area is a dead zone. There are the following types of dead zones.

• Event Dead Zone

An area where adjacent reflections cannot be separated. This is the area represented by the

pulse width between the two points on the waveform at the level that is 1.5 dB below the peak value.

• Attenuation Dead Zone

An area where, because there is a large reflection, the surrounding splice losses cannot be

measured.

Near-end Dead Zone Prevention

In sections where near-end reflection is detected, loss and reflections that occur at connections

cannot be detected. If you are measuring a short distance, connect a launch fiber cable to move events that are hidden in the near-end reflection the distance of the launch fiber cable.

Features

1.5 dB

Event dead zone

Attenuation dead zone

AQ7280

Splice Loss

The AQ7280 measures the distance and the loss between the specified points.

2-point Method

The AQ7280 measures the distance and the loss between two points. If reflection is detected

between the two points, the return loss is also measured. The splice loss value changes depending on the approximation method that you have specified. This can be used when Marker Mode is set to Marker or Line.

Launch fiber cable

Do not bend the optical fiber cable.

Optical fiber cable being measured

Event generation point

Small reflection that was hidden within a large reflection

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Splice loss a (dB) (Total loss)

(n when Marker Mode is set to Line)

(E when Marker Mode is set to Line)

d (km)

Splice loss : Return loss :

– –

20 20

dB km

dB/km

Splice loss

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1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

4-point Method

The AQ7280 uses the following four points to perform the measurement: the measurement start

point

, the splice loss start point 2, the splice loss end point Y2, and the measurement end point

. At position 2, the level difference between the approximated line 2–1 and the approximated line Y2– position of approximation method that you have specified. This can only be used when Marker Mode is set to Marker.

is calculated as the splice loss. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the

. Set the correct position for 2. The splice loss value changes depending on the

b (dB)

Approximated line

Y2 -

5-point Method

The AQ7280 uses the following five points to perform the measurement: the near-end point (n), a

point (N) that is used to calculate the near-end side's approximated line, a point (E) where splice loss is detected, a point (F) that is used to calculate the far-end side's approximated line, and the far-end point (f). At position E, the level difference between the approximated line n–N and the approximated line F–f is calculated as the splice loss. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of E. Set the correct position for E. The splice loss value changes depending on the approximation method that you have specified. This can only be used when Marker Mode is set to Line.

Approximated

line n - N

c (km) f (km)

b (dB)

Approximated line F - f

a (dB)

e (dB)

c (km)

N f F

a (dB)

e (dB)

dB km

dB/km

a dB

–

e f e/f

dB km

dB/km

a dB

e f e/f

dB km

dB/km

Splice loss : Return loss :

–

c b/c

f (km)

dB/km

Splice loss : Return loss :

n-E E-f

b c b/c

6-point Method

The AQ7280 measures using the 6-point method when there are two adjacent splice loss events. The AQ7280 uses the following six points to perform the measurement: the first splice loss start

point

, start point Y1 used to calculate the approximated line, end point Y3 used to calculate the approximated line, the second splice loss start point and the measurement end point

. At the position of marker 2, the level difference between the

approximated line Y1–Y3 and the approximated line Y2–

a (dB)

e (dB)

f (km)

Approximated line Y1 - Y3

b (dB)

Approximated line Y1 -

c (km)

1-12

, the second splice loss end point Y2,

is calculated as the splice loss.

dB km

a dB

–

e f

dB/km

e/f

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Splice loss : Return loss :

c b/c

–

dB/km

dB km

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End A

End B

End A End B

1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

Return Loss

Return loss RL is the ratio, in dB, of the reflected optical power level Pr to the incident optical power level Pi. It is calculated using the following equation. The larger the return loss, the smaller the reflected optical power. This implies that the performance of the measured optical line is good.

RL = –10log(Pr/Pi) [dB]

Multi Trace Analysis

You can load up to four waveforms that have been measured on the AQ7280 and display them simultaneously for comparison. You can adjust the vertical display position of each loaded waveform.

2 Way Trace Analysis

Waveform events that have been measured from optical fiber cable end A to end B and those measured from end B to end A can be combined. This combination enables displaying of events that could not otherwise be measured because of dead zones. In the figure below, the event that is in the near-end dead zone (point S) when measured from end A is detected as event number 5 when measured from end B. In the 2 way trace analysis display, it is displayed as event number 1.

AQ7280

S 1 2 3 4 E

Features

AQ7280

S1234E

2 way trace analysis

2 3 4 E5

An event of the other waveform that exists within 6% of the position of an event of the current trace will be considered part of the current trace event. If multiple events of the other waveform that exists within 6% of the position of an event of the current trace, the closest event will be considered part of the current trace event. Waveforms that meet the following conditions can be combined.

• Both have the same wavelength.

• Both have the same pulse width.

• Their end position offset is within 6%.

• Both have event lists.

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S E

Measurement

1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

Differential Trace

You can load two waveforms that have been measured on the AQ7280 and display their difference as a waveform. The screen can display the loaded waveforms and the differential trace simultaneously. The differential trace is the result of subtracting the values of the current trace from those of the other trace. You can use markers to read the following values of the differential trace.

• Loss between markers (dB)

• Distance between markers (km)

• Loss per unit distance between markers (dB/km)

• Distance to each marker

Section Analysis

You can set two markers, start point S and end point E, to measure the return loss and total loss in the section that you have specified. By setting reference point B, you can calculate the return loss using the backscatter level you specify.

Event Analysis

You can search for events in the optical pulse measurement waveform and measure the splice loss and the return loss.

Editing Events

You can insert and delete events on the event screen. When you edit an event marker, the splice loss and the return loss can be recalculated.

reference point

Event number 1

Event number 2

Event E detected as the end of fiber

E E E

1-14

Editing Event Lists

You can set indices of refraction for each event period on the event list. Setting the indices of refraction in accordance with the connected optical fiber cable makes accurate distance measurements possible. These indices only affect event analysis. The do not affect the waveform display. You can also change event distances. However, the events shown on the screen will not change.

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1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meter

Loss-Measurement Light Source

The loss-measurement light source feature can be applied to the /SLS option of the OTDR unit. The following measurement light wavelengths can be generated.

Model Measurement Light Wavelength Model Measurement Light Wavelength

AQ7282A AQ7283A AQ7283H AQ7284A AQ7284H AQ7285A AQ7283J AQ7283E 1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm AQ7283K 1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm AQ7283F 1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1650 nm AQ7282M 850 nm, 1330 nm

* Not applicable for 1383 nm for AQ7283J.

1310 nm, 1550 nm

You can produce continuous light or light that has been modulated at the selected frequency (modulation mode).

Visible Light Source

The visible light source feature can be applied to OPM modules with a visible light source and to VLS modules. Visible light can be used for the following purposes.

• Determine visually breaks in the optical fiber cable under test

• Check the cores of multi-core optical fiber cables

Model Measurement Light Wavelength

AQ2780V

650 nmAQ2781V

AQ4780

AQ7282G 1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm

1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm

Features

Optical Power Meter

The optical power meter feature can be applied to OPM modules. OPM modules are used as optical power meters for measuring loss and the power of the communication light. The following measurement lights can be measured.

Model Measurement Wavelength

AQ2780 AQ2780V AQ2781 AQ2781V

800 nm to 1700 nm (in 1 nm steps)

Logging

The logging feature can be applied to OPM modules. This feature measures short-term optical

power stability. The optical power value during logging can be displayed on a graph, and you can calculate the maximum, minimum, and average. In addition, you can use cursors to calculate the optical power at a specified location or the maximum, minimum, and average within a specified area. The logging results can be saved to memory in CSV format.

Power Checker (/PC option)

The /PC option of OTDR units is used as a power checker. The following measurement lights can be measured.

Model Measurement Wavelength Model Measurement Wavelength

AQ7282A AQ7283A AQ7283H AQ7284A AQ7284H AQ7285A AQ7283J AQ7283E AQ7283F

* Not applicable to the port 2 of AQ7283E and AQ7283F.

1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm, 1650 nm

AQ7282G

1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm, 1650 nm

AQ7283K

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1.6 File Operation and Printing

File Operation

Measured results (waveform data, screen images, etc.), measurement and analysis conditions, system settings, and the like can be saved as files to internal memory or external memory (USB memory and SD card). You can efficiently configure multiple AQ7280s to the same conditions by loading a file containing measurement and analysis conditions, system settings, and the like. In addition, the AQ7280 can save measured waveform data as PDF data in report format.

Saving and Loading Files

The following types of files can be saved.

• .SOR

A file for saving optical pulse measurement results. Measurement and analysis conditions,

waveform data, event list data (when event analysis is executed) are stored in this file. When an SOR file is loaded, the measurement and analysis data is loaded into the AQ7280, the waveform data is displayed on the AQ7280 screen, and the event analysis results are displayed if event list data is stored in the file. This file is useful when you want to save an SOR file at a site where optical fiber cables are being installed and load the file into another AQ7280 at a different site.

• .SET

A file for saving the optical pulse measurement and analysis conditions. This file does not

include waveform data or event list data. Loading this file into the AQ7280 causes the saved measurement and analysis conditions to be applied to it. This file is useful when you want to set several AQ7280s to the same measurement and analysis conditions.

• .BMP, .JPG

A file for saving a screen image of the AQ7280. This file is useful when you want to view the

screen content on the PC screen. BMP and JPG files cannot be loaded into the AQ7280.

• .CFG

A file for saving the AQ7280 system settings (device, connection, etc.). This file is useful when

you want to apply the same system settings to several AQ7280s.

• .CSV

A file for saving the results of optical pulse measurement or optical power meter measurement in

ASCII format.

Measurement and analysis conditions are stored at the front of the file, and then data is stored in

a comma-separated format.

This file is useful when you want to analyze the data using a spreadsheet application on the PC.

• .PDF

A file for saving the current waveform displayed on the AQ7280 screen or waveform data of an

already saved file in a PDF report format.

1-16

The following types of files can be loaded depending on the feature that you are using.

• Top screen (.CFG)

• OTDR feature (.SOR, .SET)

• Optical power meter feature (.CSV)

• Schedule measurement feature (.CSV)

• Multi-core fiber measurement feature (.MPJ)

• OTDR Smart Mapper (.SMP) SOR files saved with the AQ7275 series or AQ1200 series can also be loaded.

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1.6 File Operation and Printing

Copying and Deleting Files

You can copy or delete all the files and folders in the internal memory or external memory. You can

also copy or delete selected files or folders.

Renaming Files

You can rename existing files and folders.

Creating Folders

You can create a folder with a name of your choice in which optical pulse measurement results

are saved automatically. You can automatically save measured results to the specified folder by setting the destination folder mode to UserDefine and selecting a folder that you created in the measurement condition settings in section 2.1.

Creating Reports

You can save the current optical pulse measurement and analysis conditions, waveforms, and

events as a report on a single sheet in a PDF file. You can choose which items to include in the report.

File Reporting

You can specify several saved SOR files and save the content of the files one at a time as a report

on a single sheet in a PDF file. You can choose which items to include in the report.

Features

Selecting Drives

You can set the save destination to the following internal and external memories.

• Internal Memory

The memory inside the AQ7280. The size is 480 MB. It cannot be removed.

• USB Memory 1, USB Memory 2

USB storage media. Up to two media can be connected.

• SD Card

SD cards are not included with the AQ7280. Please use your own SD cards.

Printing

You can print the screen image of measured results to a printer. The following printers can be used.

• Seiko Instruments printers (thermosensitive, black and white printing)

• HP printers (color/black and white printing)

• Epson printers (color/black and white printing)

Printing

Screen images of waveform data and analysis condition screen can be printed. In addition, the time

of measurement and event list can be added to screen images (when a Seiko Instruments printer is connected). Note file list screens cannot be printed.

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File Printing

You can specify several saved SOR files and print screen images one at a time.

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1.7 System Features

Power-Save Mode

To suppress battery consumption, you can set the screen brightness and a screen saver. You can

set different screen brightness levels for battery operation and AC adapter operation.

LCD Brightness

You can select from four brightness levels (including OFF). You can choose the appropriate level

depending on the ambient light during outdoor use. In addition, when using the optical fiber cable monitoring (/MNT option) feature, the optical power meter’s logging feature, or the like, you can turn off the display except when viewing the measured data to suppress battery consumption.

Auto Power Off

When battery operated, the AQ7280 can be automatically shut down if no key operation, touch

operation, communication command input, or the like is detected for a certain period of time when measurement is not in progress.

Screen Saver

When battery operated, the backlight can be automatically turned off if no key operation, touch

operation, communication command input, or the like is detected for a certain period of time when measurement is not in progress.

Factory Default Settings

• Setup

The following setup conditions are reset to their factory defaults. Note that files in the internal

memory are not deleted.

• Mode

• Measurement settings

• Analysis settings

• OTDR settings

• Optical power meter settings

• Visible light source settings

• System settings (except the date and time)

• All

All the above setup conditions are reset to their factory defaults. All the files in the internal

memory are deleted.

Operation Restrictions

You can set a PIN to restrict the following operations. This feature prevents settings from being

changed or laser light to be emitted by mistake.

• Mode Changing from Simple Mode to another mode

• Laser light output When an operation to emit the following laser light is performed

• Optical pulse

• Measurement light

• Visible light

1-18

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1.7 System Features

Network Settings (/LAN option)

You can use the Ethernet port to send communication commands from a PC to the AQ7280 or

download measured results in the AQ7280 internal memory to a PC.

• User Name and Password

Set user names and passwords for authenticating connections from PCs to the AQ7280.

• Timeout Period

If a communication command is not sent from a PC or measured results are not downloaded

within the timeout period, the AQ7280 releases the network connection.

• TCP/IP

Set network address information.

• Enabling and Disabling Network Connection

Remote control can be disabled. When disabled, a PC cannot connect to the AQ7280.

Other Features

• Language Selection

If you are using an AQ7280 with a language suffix code that supports multiple languages, you

can change the language used on the screen. For details on suffix codes, see the Getting Started Guide, IM AQ7280-02EN.

• Start Menu

You can start the AQ7280 with the screen of a feature that you were using previously.

• Top Menu The top menu is displayed after startup.

• Start Menu to Last Function The menu of the feature that you were using immediately before you turned off the AQ7280

the last time is displayed after startup.

The waveform data that was displayed then is not displayed.

• Display Color

You can set the screen color (color or black and white).

• Touch Control

You can turn the touch panel control on and off.

• Alarm

The AQ7280 can generate sound when the rotary knob is turned or when an operation error

message is displayed.

• UTIL Key Selection

You can assign one of the following features to the UTIL key. You can execute a feature that you

use often with a single button.

• Save (see section 6.3)

• Print (see section 6.10)

• Report (see section 6.8)

• Utility menu screen (see section 2.10)

• Power meter (see section 5.2)

• Power checker (see section 5.2)

• Light source (see section 5.1)

• Visible light source (see section 5.1)

• Fiber inspection probe (see section 8.6)

• File name assignment (see section 6.5)

• File List Setting

You can select how file lists are displayed.

Detail, file name only, user defined

Features

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1.7 System Features

• USB (TypeB_mini)

You can use USB port type B to send communication commands from a PC to the AQ7280 or

• Version Update

You can update the firmware by storing a new firmware in a USB memory device and connecting

• Self-Test

Degradation of the AQ7280 touch panel, internal memory status, and so on can be diagnosed.

download measured results from the AQ7280 internal memory or SD card to a PC.

it to USB port type A.

Optical performance cannot be diagnosed.

1-20

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Chapter 2 Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setup Menu

Setting the Measurement Mode

Simple: In Simple mode, you set only a portion of the measurement and analysis conditions

Detail: In Detail mode, you set the measurement and analysis conditions individually. If you set

PON: In PON mode, the AQ7280 determines the suitable measurement and analysis conditions

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press SETUP to display the Setup menu.

Set the measurement mode (Simple, Detail, PON).

Set the measurement conditions.

Set the analysis conditions.

Configure the waveform display.

See section 3.2.

Configure the system.

See chapter 7.

(wavelength, approximation method, etc.), and the AQ7280 automatically detects and sets the rest of the measurement conditions related to measurement resolution—such distance range and pulse width—and analysis conditions related to the optical fiber cable—such as index of refraction and backscatter.

the measurement conditions—such as the distance range and pulse width—to Auto, the AQ7280 will determine the suitable range and perform the measurement like in Simple Mode, described above.

based on the number of optical splitter stages, route information, and distance range to set the optimal values. These values can be changed if necessary.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Note

When you change from Simple mode to Detail or PON mode, you may be asked to enter a password. This means that there are restrictions placed on operating the AQ7280. To change the measurement mode, you need to verify with the AQ7280 administrator. For details on operation restrictions, see “Operation Restrictions” in section 7.6.

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Wavelength of the optical

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setting Measurement Conditions in Simple Mode

Press the Meas Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the wavelength (850nm, 1300nm, 1310nm, 1383nm, 1490nm, 1550nm, 1625nm, 1650nm, multi wavelength measurement).

The available options vary depending on the OTDR unit.

Set auto save (OFF, ON).

Select a drive (Int. Memory, SD card, USB memory 1, USB memory 2).

Selectable when auto save is ON.

Wavelength

• 850 nm, 1300 nm, 1310 nm, 1383 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm, 1650 nm

Depending on the OTDR unit, you can set the following wavelengths.

Model Optical Pulse Wavelength Model Optical Pulse Wavelength

AQ7282A AQ7283A AQ7284H AQ7284A AQ7283J 1310 nm, 1383 nm, 1550 nm, AQ7285A AQ7283E 1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm AQ7283K 1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm, AQ7283F 1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1650 nm AQ7282G 1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1650 nm AQ7282M 850 nm, 1300 nm

1310 nm, 1550 nm

• Multi Wavelength Measurement

In a single measurement, multiple supported wavelengths are measured one at a time. If multi wavelength measurement is selected, the wavelength of optical pulse being measured is

displayed on the screen.

AQ7283H

1310 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm

1625 nm

2-2

pulse being measured

Auto Save

After an optical pulse measurement is complete, the measurement waveform is automatically

saved. The AQ7280 creates a folder using the current date for its name in the root folder of the drive and saves the file.

Drive

Folders are automatically created. File names are automatically assigned. For details on file names,

see section 6.3.

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setting Analysis Conditions in Simple Mode

Press the Analysis Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Set the approximation method (LSA, TPA).

Approximation Method

When the AQ7280 calculates splice loss, it extrapolates straight lines. These straight lines are

known as approximated lines.

There are the following two kinds of approximated lines.

• Least squares approximation (LSA)

• Two point approximation (TPA)

• LSA

The AQ7280 calculates the loss between two points by using the least squares method on all the

This method has the following characteristics. Merits: Because all the data between the two points is used, errors in the calculated value

Demerit: If a large reflection or splice loss is present in the section whose loss is being

If no events such as reflections and splice losses are present in the section being calculated, the

data between the two points (between 1 and 2).

are small. Fluctuations in the calculated values are reduced, and highly reproducible values can be obtained.

calculated, those values are also included in the calculation, so large errors result.

LSA provides a value that has a smaller degree of error than the TPA.

1 2

Approximated line calculation range

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

• TPA

The AQ7280 uses the difference between the levels of the two specified points to calculate

the loss. The level of fluctuation and reproducibility in the calculated value may vary greatly. If events such as reflections and splice losses are present in the section being calculated, the TPA provides a value that has a smaller degree of error than the LSA.

Approximated line calculation points

2-4

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Set the average duration (Auto, 5sec, 10sec, 20sec,

1 The available options vary depending on the OTDR unit.

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setting Measurement Conditions in Detail Mode

Press the Meas Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the wavelength1 (850nm, 1300nm, 1310nm, 1383nm, 1490nm, 1550nm, 1625nm, 1650nm).

Set the distance range1 (Auto, 200m, 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km, 20km, 30km, 50km, 100km, 200km, 300km, 400km, 512km).

Set the pulse width1 (Auto, 3ns, 10ns, 20ns, 30ns, 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 300ns, 500ns,

1μs, 2μs, 5μs, 10μs, 20μs).

Set the high SNR mode (OFF, ON).

Set the sample interval (Normal, High Resolution).

Set the attenuation1 (Auto, 0.00dB, 2.50dB,

5.00dB, 7.50dB, 10.00dB, 12.50dB, 15.00dB,

17.50dB, 20.00dB, 22.50dB, 25.00dB, 27.50dB,

30.00dB).

Executes initialization

Press to reset the measurement settings to their factory defaults.

When the screen is scrolled

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Set the average method (Hi-Speed, Hi-Reflection).

Set the average unit (Duration, Times).

When the average unit is set to Duration:

30sec, 1min, 3min, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min). When the average unit is set to Times:

Set the average count (Auto, 2^10, 2^11, 2^12, 2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16, 2^17, 2^18, 2^19, 2^20).

Set the fiber-in-use alarm (OFF, ON).

Set the connection check (OFF, ON).

Set the event search (Auto, Manual).

Set auto save (OFF, ON).

Wavelength

The wavelengths set in Wavelength 1 to Wavelength 4 are measured one at a time (multi

wavelength measurement). You can set only the wavelengths of the same OTDR port.

For the wavelengths that you can set, see page 2-2.

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Distance Range

Set the distance range according to the length of the optical fiber cable. The distance range that you

can select varies depending on the wavelength. Specify a distance range value that is greater than the length of the optical fiber cable that you will measure. If you specify a shorter value, the AQ7280 will not be able to perform measurements properly. The longer the distance that you specify, the more time measurements will take. When you specify the distance range, the optimum pulse width and attenuation values are set automatically.

Cable Length Distance Range Notes

Unknown Auto 0 m to 160 m 200 m 160 m to 400 m 500 m 400 m to 800 m 1 km 800 m to 1.6 km 2 km

1.6 km to 4 km 5 km 4 km to 8 km 10 km 8 km to 16 km 20 km 16 km to 24 km 30 km 24 km to 40 km 50 km 40 km to 80 km 100 km 80 km to 160 km 200 km 160 km to 240 km 300 km 240 km to 320 km 400 km Cannot be specified for wavelengths 850 nm or 1300 nm 320 km to 400 km 512 km Cannot be specified for wavelengths 850 nm or 1300 nm

Pulse Width

The pulse width has the following characteristics.

• A short pulse width enables you to measure with a high resolution, but you cannot measure long distances.

• A long pulse width enables you to measure long distances, but you cannot measure with a high resolution. Also, dead zones are larger with long pulse widths.

The pulse widths that you can select vary depending on the distance range, as shown in the

following table.

Distance Range Selectable Pulse Widths

200 m 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns 500 m 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns 1 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs 2 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs 5 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs 10 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs 20 km, 30 km 10 ns, 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs, 2 µs 50 km, 100 km 20 ns, 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs, 2 µs, 5 µs, 10 µs, 20 µs 200 km 30 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs, 2 µs, 5 µs, 10 µs, 20 µs 300 km or more 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 300 ns, 500 ns, 1 µs, 2 µs, 5 µs, 10 µs, 20 µs

High SNR Mode

If the optical fiber cable to be measured is connected to a passive optical network (PON) system,

because an optical splitter for splitting the optical fiber cable is installed in the system, you will not be able to measure optical pulses that are reflected from a position further away than the optical splitter using normal measurement. This feature enables you to correctly measure optical pulses that are reflected from positions such as this. OFF: Optical pulses excluding those from PON systems can be measured. ON: PON system optical pulses can be measured.

2-6

Note

• High SNR mode can be turned on when the pulse width is set in the range of 50 nm to 1 μm.

• This cannot be used when the wavelength is 850 nm or 1300 nm.

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If reflections are large, the waveform may be saturated.

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Sample Interval

The maximum number of sample data points is 256000. The shortest sample interval is determined

by the distance range. Normal: The AQ7280 uses the optimum sample interval for the measurement method to

perform measurements.

High Resolution: The AQ7280 uses a sample interval that would result in the greatest number of

data points.

If you use a short sample interval, you can measure for finer changes. However, the data size of the

measured result becomes large.

Attenuation

If large reflections are caused by connectors or by breaks in the optical fiber cable, the waveform

may be saturated. Specify attenuation to prevent the waveform from being saturated.

The attenuations that you can select vary depending on the pulse width, as shown in the following

table.

Pulse Width (Example) Selectable Attenuations

3 ns to 20 ns 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB 30 ns to 50ns 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB,

22.50 dB

100 ns to 5 µs 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB,

22.25dB, 25.00 dB

10 µs to 20 µs 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB,

22.25dB, 25.00 dB, 27.50 dB, 30.00 dB

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Note

• If the distance range or pulse width is set to Auto or if the average method is set to High Resolution, you cannot select the attenuation.

• If the waveform is saturated, you cannot perform measurements with high sensitivity, so specify a large value.

• The pulse widths that you can set vary depending on the OTDR unit.

Average Method

• Hi-Speed

In Hi-Speed mode, all sections are measured according to the specified attenuation. If the

specified attenuation value is not appropriate and a large reflection occurs, the waveform for that section may be saturated.

• Hi-Reflection

In Hi-Reflection mode, the AQ7280 can perform measurements correctly even if large reflections

(excluding extremely large reflections caused by sections of the fiber such as the open end of the fiber) occur. In Hi-Reflection mode, the AQ7280 sets the optimum attenuation according to the backscatter level for each section, and performs the measurement. Therefore, the measurement time is longer than in Hi-Speed mode.

The partitioning of the optical fiber into sections and the specifying of the optimum attenuation

are done automatically.

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Note

Except when the optical fiber cable is short and there are no reflections, we recommend that you measure with the average method be set to Hi-Reflection.

Average Unit

Duration: Measurements are performed only over the specified duration. If you specify a short

duration, depending on the measurement conditions, measurements may not have finished when the specified time elapses.

Times: Measurements are performed only the specified number of times.

Average Count and Average Duration

You can select the following values.

Duration: 5 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min Sec is seconds, and min is minutes. Times: 2^10 (1024 times), 2^11 (2048 times), 2^12 (4096 times), 2^13 (8192 times), 2^14

(16384 times), 2^15 (32768 times), 2^16 (65536 times), 2^17 (131072 times), 2^18 (262144 times), 2^19 (524288 times), 2^20 (1048576 times)

2^10 is 2 to the power of 10 (1024 times).

• The maximum average count is 2^20. If you specify a duration to average over that causes this number of times to be exceeded, the measurement will finish before the duration to average over elapses.

• Due to the influence of other measurement conditions, a measurement may take less time than the duration you have specified or it may not complete when the specified duration elapses.

• If you specify a large value for the number of times or the duration, you can perform highly precise measurements, but the measurement time becomes longer. Keep the AQ7280’s dynamic range and the loss of the optical fiber cable under measurement in mind when you specify these values.

• The display of the duration or the number of times is determined by the specified average unit.

• If Auto is selected, one of the options above is used.

2-8

Fiber-In-Use Alarm

The AQ7280 uses the same wavelength that is used in real communication to measure optical

pulses. If communication light is present in the optical fiber cable that you want to measure, the communication will be affected. When this communication light is present, we say that the fiber is in use. The fiber-in-use alarm is a feature that checks if communication light is being transmitted along the optical fiber cable that you are trying to measure. If the fiber is in use, a warning message is displayed asking whether you want to continue the measurement.

Connection Check

The connection check is a feature that checks the state of the connection between the AQ7280 and

an optical fiber cable. When this feature is set to on, you can prevent light from being transmitted from the AQ7280 OTDR port or light source port if an optical fiber cable is not connected to the AQ7280 or if the cable is not connected correctly. OFF: Connections are not checked. ON: Connections are checked.

Event Search

Event search is a feature that automatically searches for losses and reflections in the data that is

acquired during averaged measurements. Losses and reflections detected in waveform data are known as events. For details on analyzing detected events, see section 4.2. Auto: After averaged measurements complete, events are automatically searched for and

listed, and the event screen and event analysis menu are displayed.

Manual: After averaged measurements complete, the waveform is displayed, but events are

not searched for.

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See section 6.5.

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Auto Save

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Auto Save to OFF or ON. The following screen appears.

• Mode

Select how to specify the save destination folder.

Date: In this mode, folders that are named with dates are automatically created in the

UserDefine: In this mode, specify the save destination folder.

• Destination Folder

Create a folder of your choice in advance in the selected drive, and select this folder as the save

destination folder.

selected drive.

Set auto save (OFF, ON).

Select a drive (Int. Memory, SD card, USB1, USB2).

Selectable when auto save is ON.

Set the mode (Date, UserDefine).

Selectable when auto save is ON.

Select the save destination folder.

A file list appears. For more information on file list operations, see section 6.3. Selectable when mode is set to UserDefine.

Set the file name.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

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Set the approximation method (marker).

See page 2-3.

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setting Analysis Conditions in Detail Mode

Press the Analysis Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the index of refraction (1.30000 to 1.7999).

Set the backscatter level

For a pulse width of 1 μs:

–10.00 dB to –64.99 dB

For a pulse width of 1 ns:

–40.00 dB to –94.99 dB

Set the splice loss (0.01dB to 9.99dB).

Set the return loss (20dB to 70dB).

Set the end of fiber (3dB to 65dB).

Executes initialization

Press to reset the analysis settings to their factory defaults.

When the screen is scrolled

Set the splitter search (OFF, ON).

Set the splitter loss (1dB to 20dB).

Set the launch fiber cable (Setup[OFF], Setup[ON]).

Set the pass/fail judgment (Setup[OFF], Setup[ON]).

Set macro bending (Setup[OFF], Setup[ON]).

See page 2-3.

Set the approximation method (event).

Index of Refraction (IOR)

The AQ7280 uses the index of refraction to calculate the distance. If you do not set the index of

refraction correctly, the distance measurement will be incorrect. The index of refraction varies depending on the connected optical fiber cable. Enter the value recommended by the manufacture of the cable.

The AQ7280 has the following preset indices of refraction that correspond to each wavelength.

Wavelength Index of Refraction Wavelength Index of Refraction

850 nm 1.46000 1490 nm 1.46000 1300 nm 1.46000 1550 nm 1.46000 1383 nm 1.46000 1625 nm 1.46000 1310 nm 1.46000 1650 nm 1.46000

You can specify a value from 1.30000 to 1.79999.

2-10

Backscatter Level

Light that travels through an optical fiber cable displays a phenomenon known as Rayleigh

scattering. Due to this phenomenon, light is sent backwards, in the direction opposite to the direction of propagation. This phenomenon is known as backscattering. The backscatter level setting is used when the AQ7280 calculates the return loss and total return loss.

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

If you do not set the correct backscatter level, the return loss and total return loss measurements will be incorrect. On the AQ7280, you can select the reference pulse width for the backscatter level (see section 3.2).

The selectable range of backscatter levels vary depending on the reference pulse width.

1 µs: The range is –10.00 to ‒64.99. 1 ns: The range is ‒40.00 to ‒94.99.

The AQ7280 has the following preset backscatter levels that correspond to each wavelength.

Wavelength 1 μs Pulse Width 1 ns Pulse Width

850 nm –37 dB –67 dB 1300 nm –44 dB –74 dB 1310 nm ‒50 dB ‒80 dB 1383 nm ‒51 dB ‒81dB 1490 nm ‒52 dB ‒82 dB 1550 nm ‒52 dB ‒82 dB 1625 nm ‒53 dB ‒83 dB 1650 nm ‒53 dB ‒83 dB

Event Search Conditions

• Splice Loss

If a splice loss that exceeds the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as an event. The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB.

• Return Loss

If a return loss that is less than or equal to the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as an

event. The larger the reflection, the smaller the return loss, so events (reflections) are detected when the return loss is less than or equal to the threshold.

The range is 20 dB to 70 dB.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

• End of Fiber

If a reflection that exceeds the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as the end of the optical

The range is 3 dB to 65 dB.

• Splitter Search

ON: Losses (reflections) that exceed optical splitter loss are displayed as optical splitters.

OFF: Losses (reflections) that exceed splitter loss are displayed as normal events.

• Splitter Loss

Events whose loss exceeds this value are assumed to be optical splitters. The range is 1 dB to 20 dB.

• Launch Fiber Setting

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Launch Fiber Setting to Setup[OFF] or Setup[ON]. The

fiber cable (Fresnel reflection).

The threshold at the end of the fiber is automatically set to its maximum value.

following screen appears.

Set the start event (None, 1, 2).

Set the end event (None, 1, 2).

When you connect a launch fiber cable to avoid near-end dead zones, you can set the launch

fiber cable events (start point and end point) so that the event information in the launch fiber section is excluded from the analysis conditions.

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Turns the pass fail judgment on

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Advanced Analysis

• Pass Fail Judgement

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Pass Fail Judgement to Setup[OFF] or Setup[ON]. The

following screen appears.

or off.

Set the judgment (Hide, Display).

Set the connector loss threshold (0.01dB to 9.99dB).

Set the splice loss threshold (0.01dB to 9.99dB).

Set the return loss threshold (20dB to 70dB).

Set the splitter loss threshold (1.0dB to 20.0dB).

Set the dB/km loss threshold (0.01dB to 9.99dB).

Set the total loss threshold (1dB to 65dB).

Pass Fail Judgement A judgment is performed on the events detected in the target waveform, and those that exceed

ON: Events that have exceeded their thresholds are displayed with an asterisk attached to

OFF: Events that have exceeded their thresholds are not displayed with an asterisk attached

Judgment The judgment information is displayed in the lower left of the AQ7280 screen. Display: The number of fault events, total loss, and total return loss are displayed. Hide: The judgment information is not displayed.

Set the preset (UserDefine, Preset 1, Preset 2, Preset 3).

the specified threshold are displayed as fault events.

them.

to them.

Judgment display

2-12

Events judged as Fail

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2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Splice Loss, Return Loss, Splitter Loss, dB/km, Total Loss Set the threshold values that are used to display fail judgment events.

Connector loss: Values greater than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB. Splice loss: Values greater than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB. Return loss: Values less than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 20 dB to 70 dB. Splitter loss: Values greater than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 1.0 dB to 20.0 dB. dB/km: Values greater than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB. Total loss: Values greater than the threshold value are judged as fail. The range is 1 dB to 65 dB.

Because the end of fibers is handled as either a splice loss or a reflection, there is no fault event

just for the end of fibers.

Preset Select the pass/fail judgment reference. Three splice loss threshold examples are defined. Select the reference according to the optical connector’s insertion loss and splice loss included

in the optical fiber cable under measurement.

• Macro Bending (Bending Loss)

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Macro Bending to Setup[OFF] or Setup[ON]. The

following screen appears.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

When an optical pulse measurement is performed in multi wavelength measurement, you can

Display This function displays the detected bending losses in the event list on the event screen when

OFF: The bending losses are not displayed in the event list. ON: The bending losses are displayed in the event list.

Threshold This is the threshold of the difference between the splice losses of each wavelength when optical

When the difference between the splice losses of each wavelength for the same event is larger

Turns the display on and off

Set the threshold (0.001dB to 99.999dB).

compare the splice losses at each wavelength and display on the screen bending loss events that are caused by bends in the optical fiber cable.

optical pulses are measured.

pulses are measured.

than this value, the event is detected as a bending loss.

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Set the number of splitter stages (1, 2).

Set the route (ONU OLT, OLT ONU).

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Setting Measurement Conditions in PON Mode

Press the Meas Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the wavelength. See pages 2-2 and 2-5.

Set the number of splitter splits (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).

Opens the detail screen

Set measurement items.

The settings change to values that are suitable for the measurement of the specified number of stages and splits. You can also change the settings according to your measurement conditions. For details on measurement items, see pages 2-6 to 2-9.

Note

The total number of splits when the number of splitter stages is set to 2 is up to 128.

Setting Analysis Conditions in PON Mode

Press the Analysis Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the splitter and wavelength. See “Setting Measurement Conditions in PON Mode.”

For details on analysis items, see pages 2-10 to 2-13.

2-14

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2.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

Laser on indication

Average duration or progress

Character Strings” in the

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

• Close the covers of any light source ports that do not have optical fiber cables connected to them. Visual impairment may occur if light that is mistakenly emitted from these ports enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

• Lorsque l’AQ7280 génère de la lumière, la lumière est émise à travers les ports de source lumineuse. Ne pas débrancher les câbles de fibre optique connectés. Des lésions oculaires peuvent être causées si le faisceau lumineux pénètre l’œil.

• Couvrir les caches des ports de source lumineuse libres. Sur les modèles dotés de deux ports de source lumineuse ou plus, protéger les yeux contre l’émission accidentelle de lumière depuis le mauvais port.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

In averaged measurements, the data that is acquired from each pulse is averaged and displayed. By performing averaged measurements, you can improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. This is effective when you want to detect faint events that are buried in noise.

Procedure

Starting and Stopping Measurements

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press AVG . The measurement begins, and the measurement waveform is displayed on the

screen.

The Average menu appears. The average duration or progress is displayed in the top area of the screen. Also, during measurement, a mark appears at the top of the display to indicate that the laser light is on.

Set markers.

See section 4.1.

Set a comment (up to 30 characters).

Enter a comment by following the procedure provided in “Entering

Getting Started Guide, IMAQ7280-02EN.

Waveform display screen

(See section 3.1.)

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Create a label.

(See section 6.3.)

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Progress bar at 73%

Average duration

2.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

When the averaged measurement completes in accordance with the specified conditions, the

measurement stops automatically, and the screen switches to the OTDR menu.

During multi wavelength measurement, when the averaged measurement of all waveforms

completes, the measurement stops automatically. To stop the averaged measurement in progress, press AVG.

Explanation

Averaged Measurement

A progress bar is displayed during averaged measurement. When the measurement finishes, the progress bar stops automatically. If you set Avg Duration to Auto, the duration to average over is displayed in the top area of the screen. If you specify a setting other than Auto, a value that indicates the progress is displayed. When the measurement completes correctly, 100% is displayed. The time it takes to complete a measurement varies depending on settings such as the distance range and the average count.

If you are using markers to measure distance, loss, and the like during an averaged measurement, when the measurement completes correctly (100%), the AQ7280 automatically closes the marker measurement screen. If Event Search is set to Auto, the event screen appears when the measurement is completed correctly.

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2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

The AQ7280 is equipped with a feature that detects various events along the optical fiber cable route and displays them as icons. This feature works by performing an OTDR averaged measurement and then automatically performing an OTDR event analysis after the measurement is complete. Detailed event analysis results are displayed along with the icon of each event.

Procedure

Setup Menu

From the top menu, select OTDR Smart Mapper.

Press SETUP to display the Setup menu.

Set the measurement conditions.

Set the analysis conditions.

Configure the waveform display.

See section 3.2.

Configure the system.

See chapter 7.

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Set the number of splitter stages (None, 1, 2).

Set the route (ONU OLT, OLT ONU).

For details on measurement items, see pages 2-6 to 2-9.

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

Setting the Measurement Conditions

Press the Meas Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the wavelength. See pages 2-2 and 2-5.

Set the number of splitter splits (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).

Event Search

This is fixed to Auto.

Adapt Trace

This feature uses three different pulse widths to measure the same wavelength and then

combines the three measurement waveforms. Based on the specified distance range, the AQ7280 automatically sets a pulse width best suited to short range measurement, that best suited to midrange measurement, and that best suited to long range measurement and performs measurements. After the measurements, you can use waveform editing to combine the best data of each measurement to create the waveform data.

ON: Adapt Trace is enabled. Waveform data is saved in SMP format. SOR waveform data cannot

be loaded. Multi wavelength measurement is not possible.

OFF: Adapt Trace is disabled. Waveform data is saved in SOR format. SOR waveform data can be

loaded. Multi wavelength measurement is possible.

Adapt Trace (OFF, ON)

Opens the detail screen

Set measurement items.

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Selects the display screen

The event positions displayed on the screen is enclosed in a frame.

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

Setting Analysis Conditions

Press the Analysis Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Set the splitter and wavelength. See “Setting Measurement Conditions” on the previous page.

For details on analysis items, see pages 2-10 to 2-13.

Starting and Stopping Measurements

Press AVG . Averaged measurement begins, and a screen indicating that the measurement is

in progress appears. When the averaged measurement finishes, icons and analysis results of events are automatically displayed.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select the icon of the event you want to display the details

of. The icon of the selected event appears in the center of the screen.

The total value of each event (the value of each waveform in multi wavelength measurement)

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Event screen

See section 4.2.

Event icon display

The event selected on the event screen appears in the center, and the splice loss and return loss are displayed. Drag the icon screen to move it horizontally. Tap the icon screen to change the event type.

Note

• To stop the averaged measurement in progress, press AVG. The averaged measurement will stop, and the screen that was showing before the measurement will reappear.

• During averaged measurement, you cannot set the measurement conditions.

• You can start averaged measurement by pressing AVG even while the measurement setting screen is showing.

• In OTDR Smart Mapper, real-time measurement is not possible.

(Map, List)

The example shown here is Map.

Check the waveform.

The screen will change from Map/List display to measurement waveform display.

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Pulse width of the measured Adapt Trace waveform

Line1 of the target section Line2 of the target section

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

Checking and Editing Waveforms

Press the Open Trace soft key to display the following screen.

Edit the waveform.

You can edit the Adapt Trace waveform.

Edit or fix events.

See section 4.2. You cannot edit event markers.

Waveform display screen

Editing Waveforms

Press the Waveform Edit soft key to display the following screen.

Waveform display

Short range

section

(Trace1)

Mid-range section

(Trace2)

Long range section

(Trace3)

Returns to the previous screen

Select the target (Line1, Line2).

Moves the target to the right

Moves the target to the left

Resets the line positions of the target section

Waveform display outside the target section (OFF, ON)

You can change the distance sections by moving the lines between the sections. You can also move the line by touching the screen.

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Explanation

Icon border

Fail judgment

Pass judgment

Event Icon Display

The following events are displayed using icons. The icon border is usually gray.

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

Start point

Bending loss (macro bending)

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Pass Fail Judgement

Icon Display

If Pass Fail Judgement is set to ON, the judgment result is displayed using the icon border color. Pass: Green Fail: Red

Splice point

Positive splice loss, negative splice loss

Optical splitter

Connector (return loss)

End point

Fault Events

If Pass Fail Judgement is set to ON, fail judgment events are displayed as fault events on the event

screen.

For details, see “Pass Fail Judgement” in section 2.1.

• Judgment

If the judgment display of Pass Fail Judgement is set to Show, the judgment result is displayed in

the row displaying the total values of each event. The judgment will be Fail if there is even only a single fault event.

Judgment result display

Pass: Check mark (green) Fail:

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Number of fault events

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Increased waveform resolution

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

Adapt Trace (Waveform editing)

In an optical fiber cable measurement, reducing the pulse width of optical pulse measurement increases the measurement resolution of the waveform in the near-end section but causes the optical pulse to attenuate in the far-end section, preventing correct measurement. Conversely, increasing the pulse width of optical pulse measurement allows correct measurement in the far-end section but decreases the measurement resolution of the waveform in the near-end section. The Adapt Trace feature compensates for these measurement accuracy degradations by performing optical pulse measurement using three different pulse widths for the same wavelength and combining the three waveforms on the screen. The AQ7280 automatically determines the pulse widths depending on the specified distance range and wavelength.

Measurement

waveform using a

narrow pulse width

(Trace1)

Measurement

waveform using a

wide pulse width

(Trace3)

Measurement waveform

using an intermediate

pulse width

(Trace2)

Adapt Trace

Pulse width

(narrow)

Decreased waveform resolution

Events in mid-range can be measured.

Pulse width

(intermediate)

You can change the effective range of Trace1 to Trace3 by moving the lines marking the sections.

When the distance is long, measurement is not possible.

Events far away can be measured.

Pulse width (wide)

Note

Adapt Trace turns on and off automatically depending on the loaded waveform data.

• When waveform data in SMP format is loaded, Adapt Trace is turned on.

• When waveform data in SOR format is loaded, Adapt Trace is turned off.

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2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

The AQ7280 is equipped with a feature that you can use to locate and display faults in optical fiber cables. This feature works by performing an OTDR averaged measurement and then automatically performing an OTDR event analysis after the measurement is complete. Use the OTDR feature to analyze waveforms.

Procedure

Selecting the Route

From the top menu, select Fault Locator. A soft key menu for selecting the route appears.

Normal

Searches for fault points in the optical fiber cable connecting OLT

OLT->Splitter

Searches the route from the OLT to the optical splitter

OLT->Splitter->ONU

Searches the routes from the OLT through the optical splitter to each ONU

ONU->Splitter

Searches the route from an ONU to the optical splitter.

and ONU

ONU->Splitter->OLT

Search the route from an ONU through the optical splitter to each OLT.

1 OLT (Optical Line Termination): Optical line termination on the station side 2 ONU (Optical Network Unit): Optical line termination on the subscriber side

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menu. You cannot return to

Cursor position from the distance reference

2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select the route to be measured. The Select Route screen

closes.

Fault Locator Screen

Press AVG . The measurement begins, and the measurement waveform is displayed on the

screen. When the averaged measurement completes, the distance to a break is automatically displayed.

See section 4.1.

Distance to a break

Selected route

Set the wavelength.

See page 2-2.

Set the distance reference.

See section 4.1.

OTDR function

Switches to the screen that

Waveform display screen

See section 3.1.

appears when OTDR is selected from the top

the original screen.

Note

You can save measured data, but saved waveform data cannot be loaded on the AQ7280. For details on saving measured data, see section 6.3.

Changing Settings

Press SETUP to display the following screen.

Set the end of fiber.

See page 2-11.

2-24

Change the selected route.

The Select Route menu will appear. See step 2.

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Explanation

Normal

Measures between the OLT and ONU. This route does not have an optical splitter.

OLT->Splitter->ONU

Measures from the OLT side to the ONU side. This route has an optical splitter.

ONU->Splitter->OLT

Measures from the ONU side to the OLT side. This route has an optical splitter.

Selecting the Route

Before starting the fault locator feature, you can select the route in which to search for breaks. After confirming the route, press ENTER. The optimal measurement conditions for the selected route will automatically be selected.

2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

OLT->Splitter

Measures between the OLT and optical splitter.

Fault Location Display

The fault locator uses averaged measurements to detect faults. The cursor position is automatically set to a fault location on the waveform, and the distance from the measurement reference point to the fault is displayed. Faults are not detected during real-time measurement. During a fault locator’s real-time measurement, you can perform cursor operations or select the wavelength during measurements. If you cancel measurements prematurely, faults will not be detected.

ONU->Splitter

Measures between an ONU and optical splitter.

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Optical splitter

OLT

2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks

How to View Fault Points of Multi Split Routes (OLT->Splitter>ONU)

If the route is set to OLT->Splitter->ONU, the number of connected ONUs will be equal to the number of splits. As such, to determine which route each fault point belongs to, you need to check the events on the displayed waveform.

ONU1

ONU2

ONU1 event ONU2 event

Fault point

ONU3

Event caused by the fault point

ONU4

ONU3 event

ONU4 event

In the example shown above, reflections from ONU3 are not detected due to a fault point on the ONU3 route. The event of the fault point is detected instead. When an event is detected closer than the actual ONU3 position, we can assume that there is a fault point on the ONU3 route.

Note

If the route is set to OLT->Splitter->ONU, even if there are breaks, they are not detected because other split routes are overlapped. The position of the end of the cable will be considered to be the position of the break, and the distance to that position will be displayed. In such a case, verify the event position on the displayed waveform with the distance to the installed ONU.

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2.5 Performing Real-time Measurement

Laser on indication

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

In real-time measurement, you can view the waveform changes in real time. You can change the conditions during measurement.

Procedure

Starting and Stopping Measurements

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press REAL TIME to start a measurement. The screen shows the measurement waveform,

and the RealTime menu appears. A mark appears in the top area of the screen to indicate that the laser light is on.

During measurement, press REAL TIME to stop the measurement. The OTDR menu appears.

The mark that indicates that the laser light is on disappears.

Set the wavelength.

See page 2-2.

Set the distance range.

See page 2-6.

Set the pulse width.

See page 2-6.

Set markers.

See section 4.1.

Waveform display screen

(See section 3.1.)

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Displays the menu on the next page

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When the work completion notice is set to ON,

You can perform measurements efficiently by moving the cursor to a position slightly after the installation point (depending on how fast the optical fiber cable will be installed). This is because the AQ7280 notifies you of the work completion, which is your sign to measure the connection loss at that point (splice, connection, etc.).

2.5 Performing Real-time Measurement

Cable Installation Completion Notification

On the OTDR menu, press the Advanced Measurement soft key and then the Work

Completion Notice soft key. The following screen appears.

Set Notification to ON.

Set Message to ON.

Press REAL TIMEto start a measurement. The screen shows the measurement waveform, and

the RealTime menu appears. The words “Check Point” appears at the cursor on the screen.

Press the Next soft key and then the Completion Check soft key to select ON.

When the measurement to the Check Point distance is complete, a completion message is displayed.

Turns the completion notification on or off

Turns the message display on or off

Turns the alarm on or off

Set the confirmation (No Check, Check only once, Check everytime).

End of fiber

“CheckPoint” appears at the cursor.

Set the work completion confirmation (ON, OFF).

Move the cursor to a position that is slightly after the installation point.

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Explanation

Distance

Level

Extension work point

Work completion notification

50 km 100 km

Real-time Measurement

Measurement conditions are set before the actual measurement takes place, but during real-time measurement you can change the measurement conditions and adjust markers and the cursor. When you stop a measurement, the AQ7280 returns to the previous screen.

• In Simple mode, you can only change the wavelength.

• You cannot change the attenuation if the average method is set to High Resolution. For details, see

Cable Installation Completion Notification

Before you check whether the work is complete, move the cursor slightly after the extension work point or before the work completion point on the optical fiber cable, and turn on the work completion notification. When the fiber end detection position (the event) during real-time measurement is the same as the cursor position (CheckPoint), the AQ7280 gives a notification (message indication and alarm sound) that the cable installation is complete.

page 2-7.

Construction start position

(splice, connection, etc.)

Completion notification cursor position during optical fiber cable extension

CheckPoint CheckPoint

(Event)

2.5 Performing Real-time Measurement

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

cursor position

Work completion point

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2.6 Performing High Resolution Measurement

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

• Lorsque l’AQ7280 génère de la lumière, la lumière est émise à travers les ports de source lumineuse. Ne pas débrancher les câbles de fibre optique connectés. Des lésions oculaires

peuvent être causées si le faisceau lumineux pénètre l’œil.

When analyzing waveforms in real-time measurement, you can limit the range to be analyzed and measure at high resolution to obtain detailed measurements.

Procedure

Executing a Measurement

Specifying a Range

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press REAL TIME to start a measurement. The screen shows the measurement waveform,

and the RealTime menu appears. A mark appears in the top area of the screen to indicate that the laser light is on.

Press the Next soft key and then the Meas.Range Change soft key.

Turn the rotary knob to move the cursor to the center of the range you want to analyze.

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2.6 Performing High Resolution Measurement

Setting the Sampling Interval

Press the Sampling Interval soft key to set the sampling interval.

The waveform measured at the specified sampling interval is displayed.

Set the sampling interval (Normal, High Reso., 2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 50cm, 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m, 16m, 32m).

Moves the current measurement scope to the right

Moves the current measurement scope to the left

Display screen example

Distance range: 30 km Sampling interval: 2 cm Zoom the scale (see section 3.3).

Overview screen

Shows the range displayed on the screen relative to the entire distance range. White frame: Shows the range that can be displayed at the specified sampling interval Blue frame: Shows the display range of the zoomed waveform display

Note

The amount of measurement scope movement varies depending on the amount of cursor movement (see section 3.3).

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Averaged Measurement with High Resolution Setting

If the high resolution measurement conditions are specified in real-time measurement, averaged

measurement can be performed with those conditions.

Press AVG to perform averaged measurement while maintaining the high-resolution conditions.

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Coarse when expanded

Example: 20 km, 10000 (sampling interval of 8 m)

4 km, 200000 samples

Sampling interval

2.6 Performing High Resolution Measurement

Explanation

In normal measurement, the sampling interval is set so that data can be sampled at all distances according to the specified distance range. The maximum number of data samples on the AQ7280 is 256000 (when the distance range is 512 km). Therefore, if the distance range is large (e.g., 400km), the sampling interval becomes long, and events occurring between samples cannot be analyzed in detail. Waveform zooming explained in section 3.3 simply expands the measured results at the sampling resolution set for each distance range; it does not increase the resolution.

400 km, 50000 (sampling interval of 8 m)

In high resolution measurement, you move the cursor to the location where you want to analyze in detail and set the sampling resolution. The sampling resolution that you can select here is all intervals regardless of the distance range. The measurement scope is determined by the selected sampling resolution with the cursor at the center. If there is no cursor, the left edge of the present measurement scope becomes the reference.

Sample at fine resolution from the beginning

Example: 4 km, 200000 samples

of 2 cm

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2.7 Displaying Reference Trace Waveforms

trace waveform down

You can measure waveforms while retaining the previous waveform on the screen (a reference trace). The AQ7280 displays the measurement waveform and the reference trace waveform at the same time.

Procedure

Reference Trace Screen

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Display the waveform on the screen. Press the Reference Trace soft key and then the Set

Reference Trace soft key. The reference trace waveform is displayed in white.

Move the reference trace waveform.

Turns the trace waveform display on or off

Creates a reference trace

Reference trace waveform

Clears the reference trace waveform

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Moving the Reference Trace Waveform

On the Reference Trace menu, press the Trace Shift soft key and then the Trace Shift Up ↑ or Trace Shift Down ↓ soft key. The reference trace waveform will move.

Explanation

Reference Trace

You can also create a reference trace from waveforms that you load from files. By creating a reference trace before work, you will be able to check the work progress. For details on loading waveforms, see section 6.3.

Moves the reference trace waveform up

Moves the reference

Example when the reference trace waveform has been moved up

Comparing Traces

The AQ7280 displays the differential trace of the current waveform and reference trace waveform.

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2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

• Lorsque l’AQ7280 génère de la lumière, la lumière est émise à travers les ports de source lumineuse. Ne pas débrancher les câbles de fibre optique connectés. Des lésions oculaires

peuvent être causées si le faisceau lumineux pénètre l’œil.

Setup Menu

From the top menu, select Multi Fiber Project.

Press SETUP to display the Setup menu.

Set the measurement core information.

Set the measurement conditions.

See page 2-5.

Set the analysis conditions.

See page 2-10.

Configure the waveform display.

See section 3.2.

Configure the system.

See chapter 7.

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Set the project name.

Folder for saving measurement result files

The newly created project file

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Entering Measurement Core Information

Press the Project Setup soft key to display the following screen.

A character input dialog box will open.

Select a drive (Int. Memory, SD card, USB memory 1, USB memory 2).

Selectable when auto save is ON.

Set the starting core number (1 to 9900).

Set the number of cores or tapes (1 to 2000).

Set the label.

The same label can be entered for all cores. See section 6.3.

Not selected: The selectable range of number

Selected: The selectable range of number

Set the tape number (OFF, a-b(2), a-c(3), a-d(4), a-e(5), a-f(6), a-g(7), a-h(8)).

This is available when the setting for creating a project with 100 or more cores is set to OFF (check box unselected).

Set the number of cores in each division (8 cores, 10 cores).

You can set this when the tape number is set to OFF.

Set the file name type (WL + No., No. + WL, Project Name + WL + No., No. + Project Name + WL, WL + Project Name + No.).

of cores is 1 to 100.

of cores is 100 to 2000.

Note

When you change the measurement core information, all the previous core measurements are discarded.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Setting the Project Name

Projects are group of items for measuring multi-core fibers. The default project name is “NewProject.”

In the AQ7280 internal memory, core information, measurement conditions, analysis conditions, measured results, and the like are linked with the project name and saved. You can set up to 15 characters for the project name. For the types of strings and characters that you can use, see section 6.3.

Note

• When you set a different project name, a new project file (.MPJ extension) and a new folder for saving

• The project file name and the folder name for saving measurement results files will both be set to the

measurement result files (.SOR extension) are created. At this point, a message will appear asking you whether you want to inherit the core information, measurement conditions, and analysis conditions from the current project or reset them to their default values. Select whichever is appropriate..

• Initialize setting

All the project settings will be initialized.

• Takeover current setting

A project with the same settings as the current project will be created.

project name that you entered.

When the number of cores is 100 or less

Internal Memory

DATA

MPJ

ABCDE ABCDE.MPJ

1310 nm_0001.SOR 1310 nm_0002.SOR

Measurement result files (.SOR extension) are automatically named and saved. (For the file name type setting, see the next page.)

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(number of cores 101 to 200)

Folder for saving measurement result files

(number of cores 1 to 100)

ABCDE.MPJ_1_100

The newly created project file

(number of cores 101 to 200)

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

When the number of cores exceeds 100

The start and end core numbers in the project are appended to the project name. Numbers are rounded

1310 nm_0001.SOR 1310 nm_0002.SOR

Internal Memory

DATA

MPJ

ABCDE_1_100 ABCDE_101_200

ABCDE.MPJ_1_100

to the nearest hundred and appended. Example when the number of cores is 150: If the start number is 1, ABCDE_1_100.MPJ, ABCDE_101_200.MPJ (151 to 200 are skipped) If the start number is 121, ABCDE_101_200.MPJ (101 to 120 are skipped), ABCDE_201_300.MPJ

(171 to 200 are skipped)

Since numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred, the end number is 200 even when there are only

150 cores.

If the “Enable to create over 100 fibers” check box is selected, a message confirming whether a project

with 100 or more cores is to be created appears when you press ESC to close the project setup screen.

• If you select OK and press ENTER, a project with 100 or more cores is created.

• If you select Cancel and press ENTER, a message confirming whether the project setup screen is to be closed without creating a project appears.

• If you select OK and press ENTER, the project setup screen is closed, and the main view screen

returns.

• If you select Cancel and press ENTER, the original project setup screen returns.

Folder for saving measurement result files

1310 nm_0101.SOR 1310 nm_0102.SOR

The newly created project file

Measurement result files (.SOR extension) are automatically named and saved. (For the file name type setting, see the next page.)

Measurement result files (.SOR extension) are automatically named and saved.

(number of cores 1 to 100)

Number of Cores or Tapes

Set the number of cores or tapes in the following range.

Tape No Number of Cores or Tapes

OFF Number of cores: 10 to 100 (10 cores) 8 to 96 (8 cores) a-b(2) Number of tapes: 10 to 50 1 to 50 a-c(3) Number of tapes: 10 to 33 1 to 33 a-d(4) Number of tapes: 10 to 25 1 to 25 a-e(5) Number of tapes: 10 to 20 1 to 20 a-f(6) Number of tapes: 10 to 16 1 to 16 a-g(7) Number of tapes: 10 to 14 1 to 14 a-h(8) Number of tapes: 10 to 12 1 to 12

You can set the number of cores in steps of 8 when the number of cores in each division is set to “8

cores” and in steps of 10 when the number of cores in each division is set to “10 cores.”

Example: When the number of cores in each division is set to “8 cores,” even if you set the number

of cores to 12, it will be set to 16.

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Number of Cores in Each Division

8 cores 10 cores

8 columns 10 columns

When Tape No is set to OFF, you can set the number of columns shown on the main view screen. If you will set the number of cores to 97 or higher, first set Num of Units to 10 cores.

File Name Type

Set the file name type for measurement result files (.SOR extension) to one of the following options.

• WL + No. Example: 1310 nm_0001.SOR

• No. + WL

• Project Name + WL + No.

• No. + Project Name + WL

• WL + Project Name + No.

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Measurement Conditions

After a project setup is complete and multi-core fiber measurement is started, if measured data is already saved, changing the following measurement conditions will cause a confirmation screen for deleting the measured data to appear. If you confirm, all measured data is deleted.

• Wavelength

• Distance Range

• Pulse Width

• Attenuation

• Sample Interval

• Average Method

• Average Unit

• Average count and average duration

• Initialization For details on measurement conditions, see page 2-5 and subsequent pages.

Analysis Conditions

After a project setup is complete and multi-core fiber measurement is started, if measured data is already saved and event analysis has already been executed, changing the following analysis conditions will cause a confirmation screen for re-executing the entire event search to appear. If you confirm, event search will be executed. If the fault event display is turned on, pass/fail judgment will be re-executed. The measured data up to that point will be retained. If you change the fault event condition, pass/fail judgment will be re-executed on all waveforms.

• Index of refraction (IOR)

• Backscatter level

• Event search conditions For details on analysis conditions, see page 2-10 and subsequent pages.

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Note

• When you change measurement core information, measurement conditions, or analysis conditions, the project file (.MPJ extension) is automatically overwritten.

• If the number of cores exceeds 100, measurement conditions and analysis conditions cannot be changed.

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Preview area

Information about the core number at the cursor location

The cell of the core number of the

The cell of the core number of the previous project (96 core/100 core)

Realtime

Observe the fiber end face. See section 8.6.

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Main View Screen

From the top menu, select Multi Fiber Project to display the following screen.

Saved result indication

Blue: Measured data saved Green: Measured data saved, pass judgment Red: Measured data saved, pass judgment

The drive/folder name/project name of the current project

Core numbers set to Skip are not displayed.

Observation data of the fiber end face already saved

Measured data of optical power already saved

The number of cores whose measurement results have been saved

Using the arrow keys or the rotary knob, move the cursor to the cell of a core number you want to measure.

Core number

next project (96 core/100 core)

Create a new project.

Project information

Displays project information

Set the wavelength.

You can select one of the wavelengths that have been set in the measurement conditions or "All."

Switches between file name and label display

Tap the icon to switch between displaying the waveform file name and label information of the measured core.

Specifies skip

You can skip cores you do not want to measure. You can select this soft key when the cell at the cursor location does not have a result indication. To cancel skipping, press this soft key again.

Using the arrow keys or the rotary knob, move the cursor to the cell of a core number you

want to measure.

Note

To measure the optical power and observe the fiber end face, tap a core No.

Performs real-time measurement. Operates in the same manner as the REALTIME key.

Optical power measurement (see section 5.2)

Clear the check mark.

Clears the result indication in the cell at the cursor location and deletes the saved data.

Confirm the waveform.

You can confirm the measurement waveform. You can change the marker and event positions.

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Average

Performs averaged measurement. Operates in the same manner as the AVG key.

Fiber inspection probe

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2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Averaged Measurement

Press AVE to start an averaged measurement.

The screen shows the measurement waveform, and the Open Trace menu appears. During measurement, a mark appears at the top of the display to indicate that the laser light is on.

Set markers.

See section 4.1.

Cannot be selected during measurement.

Create labels.

You can enter a label for each core. Enter the label characters by following the procedure provided in “Entering Character Strings” in the IM AQ7280-02EN.

Cannot be selected during measurement.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Note

• If Wavelength on the main view screen is set to “All,” measurement is executed using multiple wavelengths for each core.

• If you enter the label characters in the label setting of the project setup screen, the same label characters can be entered at once for all cores.

When Auto Save is Set to ON in the Project Measurement Conditions

When measurement is complete, the measured results are automatically saved. The main view

screen appears, and pass/fail judgment indications appear in the core number cells whose measurement results have been saved.

When Auto Save is Set to OFF in the Project Measurement Conditions

When measurement is complete, the measured results are not automatically saved. All the items on

the Open Trace menu become available. When returning to the main view screen, a message for confirming the saving of the measured results appears. If necessary, you can save the measured results.

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2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Event analysis

See section 4.2.

• If Event Search is set to Auto, after measurement is complete, the event screen and event analysis menu appear.

Section analysis

See section 4.2.

Set the wavelength.

You can select one of the wavelengths that have been set in the measurement conditions.

Returns to the main view screen

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core. * Enter the label characters

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Real-time Measurement

Press REAL TIME to start the measurement of “Wavelength 1.”

The screen shows the measurement waveform, and the Open Trace menu appears. During measurement, a mark appears at the top of the display to indicate that the laser light is on.

Set markers.

See section 4.1.

Cannot be selected during measurement.

Create labels.

You can enter a label for each

by following the procedure provided in “Entering Character Strings” in the IM AQ7280-02EN.

Cannot be selected during measurement.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

During measurement, press REAL TIME to stop the measurement.

All the items on the Open Trace menu become available (see the Open Trace menu for the averaged measurement on the previous page). When returning to the main view screen, a message for confirming the saving of the measured results appears. If necessary, you can save the measured results.

Note

• In real-time measurement, measured results are not automatically saved.

• If Wavelength on the main view screen is set to “All,” measurement of “Waveform 1” is executed. To measure “Wavelength 2” and later, save the measured results of “Waveform 1,” and then press the Wavelength soft key in the Open Trace menu to switch the wavelength.

• If you enter the label characters in the label setting of the project setup screen, the same label characters can be entered for all cores.

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Returns to the

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Optical Power Measurement

Tap a core number to display a measurement item menu.

Tap Power Meter to display the following screen.

For details on how to operate the optical power meter, see section 5.2.

main view screen

Observing the Fiber End Face

Measured results that have been saved

Press the Save soft key. Up to three sets of measured data will be saved.

Tap a core number to display a measurement item menu.

Tap FiberInspec. Probe to display the following screen.

For details on how to use the fiber inspection probe, see section 8.6.

Core number being measured

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Returns to the main view screen

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Previewing Measured Results

Check marks

Judgment result marks

Judgment result display

Count values

Preview imageOptical power values

Using the arrow keys or the rotary knob, move the cursor to a core number cell with a pass/fail judgment result indication on the main view screen. The preview area at the bottom of the screen displays the measurement conditions, measurement date, and the measurement result waveform of the selected core number. For details on pass/fail judgment, see page 2-12.

Optical Pulse Measurement Results

• When Pass Fail Judgement Is Set to OFF

Check marks appear next to the wavelengths for which measured data is saved.

• When Pass Fail Judgement Is Set to ON

Judgment result marks appear next to the wavelengths for which measured data is saved.

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Preview waveform

Note

Optical Power Measurement Results and Fiber End Face Observation Results

The optical power of the measured wavelength is displayed. An image data is displayed for the

observation result the fiber end face.

Preview waveform

NoJudge display

If an MPJ file of an older version is loaded, the file may contain core information whose event analysis has not been executed even when the fault event display is turned on. If this occurs, you can turn off the fault event setting once and then turn it back on so that pass/fail judgment is executed again on the measured data and pass or fail is indicated.

Judgment result mark description

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USB Memory 1, USB Memory 2, SD Card).

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Creating a New Project

Press the New Project soft key. A character input dialog box will open. Enter a project name by following the procedure provided in “Entering Character Strings” in the Getting Started Guide, IMAQ7280-02EN. Tap Enter on the character input dialog box to display the following screen.

Tap Initialize setting or Takeover current setting. A new project will be created, and the main view screen will appear. To change the project settings, see “Entering Measurement Core Information” on page 2-35.

Initialize setting

Initializes the settings of the current project and creates a new project

Takeover current setting

Duplicates the settings of the current project to create a new project

Cancel

Cancels the creation of a new project.

Set the project save destination (Int.Memory,

Viewing the Project Information

Press the Project Info soft key to display the following screen. You can check the settings.

Saves a screen image

Saving the Project

The project file and measurement result files of each core can be compressed in MPZ format and saved. For the procedure to save files, see section 6.3.

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Note

Decompressing MPZ Files

On the File menu of the AQ7932 OTDR Emulation Software (version 5.01 or later), click Batch Conversion and then MPZ. Select the source file (MPZ file) and the conversion destination. An MPJ file and SOR files will be extracted. AQ7932 (sold separately) is a PC software application for analyzing and creating reports of waveform data measured by the AQ7280.

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2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Loading a Project

An MPJ file created using the “multi-core fiber project editor” feature included in the AQ7932 OTDR Emulation Software can be loaded in to the AQ7280.

Note

• On the AQ7280, you can only create projects whose measurement conditions of all cores are the same. The “multi-core fiber project editor” can be used to create projects whose measurement conditions are different for each core.

• To load a past project into the AQ7280, you need an MPJ file and an SOR file (data saved with the project).

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

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2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

WARNING

• During measurement, light is transmitted from the light source ports. Do not disconnect the connected optical fiber cables. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

French

AVERTISSEMENT

• Lorsque l’AQ7280 génère de la lumière, la lumière est émise à travers les ports de source lumineuse. Ne pas débrancher les câbles de fibre optique connectés. Des lésions oculaires

peuvent être causées si le faisceau lumineux pénètre l’œil.

Setup Menu

From the top menu, select Schedule Measurement.

Press SETUP to display the Setup menu.

Set the schedule.

Set the measurement conditions.

See page 2-5.

Set the analysis conditions.

See page 2-10.

Configure the waveform display.

See section 3.2.

Configure the system.

See chapter 7.

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factory default values.

Select a drive (Int. Memory, SD Card,

2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

Setting the Schedule

Press the Schedule Measurement soft key to display the following screen.

Set the measurement interval (min) (1 to 60).

Set the duration (days) (1 to 120).

USB Memory1, USB Memory2).

Set the start time (OFF, ON).

Set the start date.

Set the start time.

Executes initialization

Initializes the schedule settings to

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Interval (min)

Set the interval to measure optical pulses. The range is 1 to 60 minutes (in 1 minute steps).

Duration (days)

Set the duration to measure optical pulses. The range is 1 to 120 days (in 1 day steps).

Setting Possible

The number of days is automatically calculated from the measurement interval and the size of

the memory in which measured data will be saved. The result is displayed here. Select the drive according to the required duration. Note that even if a number greater than 120 is displayed, the maximum duration (days) that you can set is 120.

Start Time Set

Measurement can be started from the specified time. OFF: Measurement starts immediately. ON: Measurement starts at the specified date and time.

Note

• When a schedule measurement is being performed, you cannot change the schedule.

• When a schedule measurement is being performed, you cannot perform marker analysis or event analysis. When a schedule measurement is stopped, you can perform marker analysis or event analysis on the measurement waveform data. But, you cannot save the analysis results.

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information (Logging, Trace).

Name of the file currently being saved to

2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

Main View Screen

From the top menu, select Schedule Measurement to display the following screen.

Schedule-measurement-in-progress indication

Scale value

Date and time at the cursor position and measurement item value

Time remaining until the next optical pulse measurement

Select the displayed

Switch the trace on which to place the cursor (Trace1 to 4).

Set the auxiliary function.

Set the display items.

Starts or stops schedule

Measurement end time

measurement

Displayed Information

• Logging

The measured optical pulse power values are logged on the time axis. You can view the places

where the optical power is changing. Also, you can view the date and time and the power value at the cursor position.

• Trace

You can display the waveform data at the cursor position. While waveform data is being

displayed, the menu changes.

Overview display

When the displayed information is logging, the waveform at the cursor position is displayed. When the displayed information is trace, logging data is displayed.

Marker

See section 4.1.

Event analysis

See section 4.2.

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Select the displayed waveform.

Switches to the waveform display of each wavelength.

Starts or stops schedule measurement

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2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

Note

The following operations cannot be performed when optical pulse measurement is in progress.

• Moving the cursors

• Switching the display (between waveform and logging)

• Auxiliary function

Switching the Display Item

Switches the logging data to display on the screen. If display item is set to OFF, Trace is not

displayed.

Auxiliary Function

Press the Auxiliary Function soft key to display the following menu.

Setting the Display Items

Press the Display Item Setup soft key. A message screen appears (set the markers need for

item displaying in advance).

Select OK, and press ENTER. A display item setup menu appears.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Auto zoom

Automatically zooms the logging data scale

Zoom initialization

Initializes the scale

Marker

See section 4.1.

Set display items.

IM AQ7280-01EN

Set point monitoring.

Returns to the main view screen

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2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

Setting Points

Press a point setting soft key to dislay a point setup menu.

Setting Display Items

Sets point

Sets point at the cursor position.

Sets point

Sets point at the cursor position.

Sets point

Sets point at the cursor position.

Sets point

Sets point at the cursor position.

Clears the point display

Press the Display Item soft key to display the following screen.

Set the wavelength.

Select the monitor item (Splice Loss, Return Loss, Loss ( - ), dB/km ( - ), Loss ( - ),

1 2 2 3

dB/km ( - ), Point , Point , Point , Point )

2 3

1 2

A B C

Note

• If markers are not set, after the first measurement, a 1 marker is set automatically to the near end of the waveform data and a 2 marker to the far end.

• When a schedule measurement is being performed, you cannot set the display items.

• When a schedule measurement is being performed, you cannot perform marker or event analysis even if you switch to waveform display.

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A B C D

Root folder

Measured data file

2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

• Monitoring Measured Values between Markers (Splice loss, return loss, loss( 1 – 2 ), dB/ km(

– 2 ), loss( 2 – 3 ), dB/km( 2 – 3 ))

To display monitor items, you need to set markers. Averaged measurement and real-time

measurement can be performed even when the schedule measurement screen is displayed. Connect the optical fiber cable to be monitored and execute an optical pulse measurement. Then set the markers necessary for item display (events). For details on how to set markers, see section 4.1. For details on the items, see “Splice Loss” in section 1.4.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

• Monitoring Measured Values at Fixed Points (Point

Monitors the variation in the measured values at the specified points. You can set up to four

Starting a Schedule Measurement

5. Press the Start Schedule Measurement soft key. Measurement will start according to the start

Save Destination File Name

Schedule measurement data is saved to the following path.

, Point B, Point C, Point D)

points.

time setting.

To stop an ongoing schedule measurement, press the Stop Schedule Measurement soft key.

SCHEDULE

In the above example, the save destination of a file saved at 9:00 on October 20, 2014 is shown. The file name is wavelength_min.SOR. The name of the file for 1310 nm and 9:20 is

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1310_20.SOR

2014 (year)

10 (month)

20 (day)

09 (hour)

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2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

Schedule Data (Logging graph data)

When a schedule measurement finishes, logging graph data in CSV format is automatically saved

in root folder/SCHEDULE. The time when a scheduled measurement begins is used for the file name.

Example: If a measurement started at 13:01 on October 23, 2014, the file name is 201410231301.

CSV.

Loading Schedule Data

If the CSV file and SOR waveform data during the scheduled period are saved in a similar file and

folder configuration as described above, you will be able to analyze the graph and waveform again when the CSV file is loaded into the AQ7280.

Note

• Set the average duration in the measurement conditions to a value other than Auto.

• Set the average duration to a value shorter than the measurement interval (min).

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2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features

Tap to use additional functions such as light source and optical power meter.

Expands or reduces the waveform amplitude span (vertical scale)

The AQ7280 screen is a touch panel. On the screen, there are several setup menus and measurement functions that you can access through the touch panel. You can start a different function while a measurement function is running or view the waveform by zooming in.

Screen (OTDR)

and distance (horizontal scale).

Drag to display the setup menu. This is the same operation as when you press the SETUP key.

Tap to clear the menu and expand the waveform display area.

Tap to set the sample interval.

Tap to select the marker approximation method.

Drag to reduce the display area for measurement conditions and measured values and expand the waveform display area.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

Tap to set individual measurement conditions.

Zooming the Screen

You can reduce the menu display area and expand the waveform display area.

Tap to display the setup menu.

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Example in which the optical power meter is displayed

Arrange over the entire screen

The setup menu for the light source and optical power meter can be used.

Arrange at the bottom of the screen

2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features

Starting the Light Source or Optical Power Meter (Utility menu)

When an optical pulse measurement is in progress, you can use the OPM module or VLS module that is installed in the AQ7280. Tap a function name to start the operation screen for the optical power meter, light source, and so on.

Optical power meter

Power checker

Light source

Visible light source

Fiber end face inspection probe

Arrange the operation screen for the light source, optical power meter, and so on

Tap to move the operation screen arrangement.

on the optical pulse measurement screen

• Arranging the Operation Screen for the Light Source, Optical Power Meter, and So On

You can switch the arrangement of the operation screens as follows.

When arranged at the bottom of the screen, the operation screens are arranged in order from the bottom left. The light source, optical power meter, and other operation screens have an order of precedence. If you close an operation screen with a higher order of precedence, the other operation screens will shift to the left fill in the space. If an operation screen with a higher order of precedence is opened, it will be inserted on the left side. Order of precedence: 1: Fiber end face inspection probe

Tap to hide the setup menu.

: Arranges over the entire screen : Arranges at the bottom of the screen

The operation screens are arranged at the bottom. You can use the light source and optical power meter while measuring OTDR waveforms.

2: Optical power meter, power checker 3: Visible light source 4: Light source

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Switch the menu display.

Scrollable form Tabular form

2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features

For details on how to operate the OPM module and VLS module, see the following sections.

• Optical power meter: Section 5.2

• Power checker: Section 5.2

• Light source, visible light source: Section 5.1

• Fiber end face inspection probe: Section 8.6

Changing the Scale

You can set the waveform amplitude span and the distance axis.

Tap to switch the menu display.

Set the display range.

Flick to scroll the menu.

Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

• Switching the Menu Display

You can switch the menu display as follows.

: The menu is displayed in a tabular form.

: The menu is displayed in a scrollable form.

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2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features

Other Convenient Features

Cursor Movement

Tap a waveform display area to move the cursor to that position. You can also drag the cursor to

move it.

Marker Assignment

Moving a cursor by dragging or tapping shows a marker shortcut icon (4 Point Markers). Performing

the same operation on the event analysis screen shows a shortcut icon for adding and deleting events. You can assign markers directly without using the marker soft key menu.

Zooming In and Out

Double-tap a waveform display area to zoom the waveform display relative to that position. When

you double-tap, the vertical and horizontal scales are zoomed with the same magnification. Pinch out on the waveform display area to zoom in vertically or horizontally depending on the direction of your finger movement. Pinch in on the waveform display area to zoom out vertically or horizontally depending on the direction of your finger movement.

Shortcut Execution

You can perform functions such as starting and stopping measurement and saving files by tapping

the shortcut icons without displaying the soft key menu for those functions. For details on the shortcut icon display, see section 3.1.

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Date and time

Progress during averaged measurements (AVG)

The progress bar behind the characters indicates progress.

Measurement conditions

Chapter 3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

3.1 Waveform Display Screen

Display Screen

See the Started Guide, IM AQ7280-02EN.

Value per division on the vertical axis

The OTDR port emitting light

Measurement mode

See section 2.1.

Marker section measured values

The attenuation, distance, and attenuation per km between the markers are displayed.

Distance per division on the horizontal axis

Position of the left edge of the screen

When the distance reference is set, the position of the distance reference is 0, and this displays the distance from the distance reference to the position of the left edge of the screen as a negative value.

See section 2.1.

See section 2.2.

Cursor movement resolution

See section 3.3.

Battery level/AC

See the Started Guide, IM AQ7280-02EN.

Full screen display of the waveform display area

The section that is displayed in the waveform display area is represented by a box (overview). See section 3.3.

Shortcut display

Shortcut feature for starting measurement, saving data, and so on.

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

File name

The name of the measurement data file that is currently displayed For details on file names, see section 6.5.

Waveform display area

Sample interval

See page 2-6.

Marker approximation method

See pages 2-3 to 2-4.

Position of the right edge of the screen

When the distance reference is set, this displays the distance from the distance reference to the position of the right edge of the screen.

Distance from the horizontal axis’ measurement reference point to the cursor position

See section 4.1.

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Shortcut Display

Tapping a shortcut icon performs one of the following functions.

Icon Function

Preset marker A is applied to the waveform. (see section 4.1).

Preset marker B is applied to the waveform. (see section 4.1).

* These are invalid in multi-core fiber measurement.

Starts or stops real-time measurement (see section 2.5). The icon toggles every time you tap.

Starts or stops averaged measurement (see section 2.2). The icon toggles every time you tap.

Initializes the scale (see section 3.3).

Makes a reference trace (see section 2.7).

Displays a file list (see section 6.3).

Converts waveform data into a PDF file (see section 6.8).

Saves waveform data (see section 6.3).

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3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Setup Menu

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press SETUP to display the Setup menu.

Set the measurement mode.

See section 2.1.

Set the measurement conditions.

See section 2.1.

Set the analysis conditions.

See section 2.1.

Configure the waveform display.

Configure the system.

See chapter 7.

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loss (Include END, Exclude END).

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Configuring the Waveform Display

Press the OTDR Setup soft key to display the following screen.

Wavelength area expanded display (OFF, ON).

Ghost cursor display (OFF, ON)

Approximated line display (OFF, ON)

Cursor dB value display (OFF, ON)

Cursor display (CROSS(+), LINE( ¦ ))

Marker information display (OFF, ON)

Scale display (OFF, ON)

Event auto zoom display (OFF, ON)

dB decimal places (**.*, **.**, **.***)

Distance decimal places (**.*, **.**, **.***)

Label display (OFF, ON)

Set the file list (File Name, File Name + Label).

Set the distance unit (km, mi(mile), kf(kfeet)).

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

When the screen is scrolled

Marker display (Marker, Line)

Set the event fix mode.

See section 4.2.

Set the backscatter level base (1µs, 1ns).

Set the calculation method for total loss (Cumul-loss, Loss between S and E).

Set the calculation method for total return

Waveform Expand Mode

You can reduce the measurement condition display area and the display area for measured values

of the marker section and expand the waveform display area. OFF: The waveform display area is not expanded. ON: The waveform display area is expanded.

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Optical fiber cable connection

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Ghost Cursor

The ghost cursor is used to check for secondary reflections. A secondary reflection is a reflection

that is detected in a location where no event actually occurs. OFF: The ghost cursor is not displayed. ON: The ghost cursor is displayed.

Ghost cursor

Turn the rotary knob to move to the next secondary reflection detection point.

• How Secondary Reflections Are Generated

The optical pulse that is generated from position I in the following figure propagates in the

direction of II.

↓

Light ray A that is reflected at connection II in the figure is reflected again at connection I and

propagates in the direction of II as light ray B. At this point, the AQ7280 detects A as an event.

↓

B is again reflected by connection II, and this generates reflected light ray C. At this point, the

AQ7280 detects C as an event.

Because the AQ7280 measures all the reflected light rays, A, C, and D, C is also detected as an

event in the same manner that an actually generated reflection is. Therefore, while there is no actual event in this location, it appears as if an event has in fact occurred.

I II III

Distance L

Secondary reflection

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Distance 2L

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Approximated Lines

Approximated lines

dB value at the cursor position

Crosshair display

In the 4 Point or 5 Point marker modes, you can display the approximated lines that are used to

calculate splice loss or return loss. OFF: Approximated lines are not displayed. ON: Approximated lines are displayed.

Cursor dB Value

You can display not only the distance at the cursor position, but also the dB value. OFF: Only the distance at the cursor position is displayed. ON: he distance and the dB value at the cursor position are displayed.

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

Cursor Display Format

You can select the cursor display format from the following.

CROSS(+) The position on the waveform is displayed with vertical and

LINE( ¦ ) The position on the waveform is displayed with a vertical cursor.

horizontal cursors that intersect.

Line display

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Vertical scale value

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Marker Info.

You can display the distance from the measurement reference point to each marker on the

waveform display area. OFF: Marker information is not displayed. ON: Marker information is displayed.

Scale Display

You can display the scale values on the vertical and horizontal axes. OFF: Scale values are not displayed. ON: Scale values are displayed.

Marker information

Event Auto Zoom

When events have been detected, you can zoom in on the event at the cursor position or the

selected event. Each time that you select a different event, the zoom ratio of the vertical and

horizontal axes is adjusted automatically. For details about event editing, see section 4.2.

dB Decimal

You can select the number of decimal places of the dB display. **.*: 1 decimal place **.**: 2 decimal places **.***: 3 decimal places

Distance Decimal

You can select the number of decimal places of the distance display. **.***: 3 decimal places **.****: 4 decimal places **.*****: 5 decimal places

Horizontal scale value

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Label Display

Label display

You can display labels at the top of the screen. For details on creating labels, see section 6.3. OFF: Labels are not displayed. ON: Labels are displayed.

Setting the File List

Select the file information you want to display on the screen.

File Name: FileName, Size, and Date are displayed on the file list screen. File Name + Label: FileName, Label, Size, and Date are displayed on the file list screen.

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

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Marker mode

Line mode

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

Marker Mode

• Marker

Move the cursor to the location that you want to measure, and set a marker. When you are

measuring return loss and splice loss, they are calculated automatically when you set all the markers that are necessary for the measurement method that you are using.

• Line

After you select the line marker that you want to operate from a set of multiple line markers,

move the selected line marker directly. The value of the line marker’s section is calculated, and the return loss and splice loss are measured. Each value is calculated in real time as you move the line marker.

Note

Line is often used outside of Japan. Marker is often used within Japan. It is used on existing YOKOGAWA models.

Backscatter Level Base

Select the reference pulse width for detecting backscatter. The selectable range of backscatter

levels in the analysis conditions vary depending on the reference value. For details on backscatter,

see page 2-11.

1µs: The range is ‒64.99 to ‒10.00. 1 ns: The range is –94.99 to ‒40.00.

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Calculation Method for Total Loss

Measurement reference point

END point

• Cumul-Loss (Cumulate Loss)

The integrated value of the splice losses at each event from the measurement reference point (S)

• Loss between S and E

The loss (TPA approximation method) between the measurement reference point (S) and the

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

is displayed. This is the conventional calculation method (firmware version 1.02 and earlier).

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

Splice loss of each event

end of fiber (E) is displayed.

Measurement reference point (S)

Note

Calculation Method for Total Return Loss

Select whether to include the return loss value at the end of fiber (E) in the total return loss.

Include END: The value is included in the total return loss. Exclude END: The value is not included in the total return loss.

Splice loss between two points

If Loss between S and E is selected, markers 1 and 2 are placed automatically at the measurement reference point (S) and the END point (E) when event analysis is executed.

Event number 1

▲

Event number 2

▲

EEE

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3.3 Zooming and Moving Displayed Waveforms

Procedure

Scale Menu

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press SCALE to display the Scale menu.

Zoom in or out

Pressing this soft key enables you to zoom in and out using the arrow keys.

Move vertically or horizontally

Pressing this soft key enables you to move using the arrow keys.

Set the cursor movement resolution (Fine, Coarse).

Set whether to move the cursor in fine steps or coarse steps.

Auto zoom

Automatically zooms in on the waveform at the cursor position.

Initializes the display scale and position

Overview screen

This indicates where in the entire waveform display area the currently displayed waveform area is.

Zooming the Displayed Waveform

Press the Zoom soft key.

Press the arrow keys to zoom the displayed waveform in or out.

Moving the Displayed Waveform

Press the Shift soft key.

Press the arrow keys to move the displayed waveform.

Note

You can zoom and shift the waveform regardless of whether measurement is in progress.

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Explanation

Zooming In and Out

You can press the arrow keys to zoom the displayed waveform in or out. When the cursor is displayed, the waveform is zoomed at the cursor position. When the cursor is not displayed, the waveform is zoomed at the left edge of the display. Down arrow key: Zoom in vertically on the waveform. Up arrow key: Zoom out vertically of the waveform. Left arrow key: Zoom in horizontally on the waveform. Right arrow key: Zoom out horizontally of the waveform.

3.3 Zooming and Moving Displayed Waveforms

Optical Pulse Waveform Display

Cursor position

Press the left arrow key to zoom the displayed waveform horizontally.

Press the down arrow key to zoom the displayed waveform vertically.

Auto Zoom

The auto zoom feature contains the following two types of zoomed displays.

• Zoom the waveform at the cursor position

The cursor on the waveform display screen is shown in the center of the zoomed display.

• Zoom the waveform at event positions

When the AQ7280 has detected events during event analysis, the selected event is zoomed and

displayed.

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3.3 Zooming and Moving Displayed Waveforms

Shifting the Horizontal and Vertical Axes

You can move the screen by pressing the arrow keys. Down arrow key: The screen moves down. Up arrow key: The screen moves up. Left arrow key: The screen moves left. Right arrow key: The screen moves right.

Overview Display

The overview display is linked to the zoomed waveform display. The blue box indicates where in the entire waveform display area the zoomed waveform display is showing.

When the entire waveform is being displayed

Everything within the box is displayed.

When the display is zoomed horizontally

The area shown within the box is zoomed and displayed in the waveform display area.

When the display is then zoomed vertically

The area shown within the box is zoomed and displayed in the waveform display area.

When vertical or horizontal shift is selected

“Shift” appears on the screen. The frame color turns green.

3-12

When you move the screen, the box that represents the display area also moves.

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Cursor (crosshair cursor example)

Chapter 4 Optical Pulse Analysis

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

Switching the Waveform to Be Analyzed

When data measured under multi wavelength conditions is loaded into the AQ7280, a soft key for switching the waveform with the wavelength to be analyzed appears on the OTDR menu.

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press the Current Trace soft key to switch the waveform with the wavelength to be analyzed.

Optical Pulse Analysis

How to Use Cursors

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Turn the rotary knob to display the cursor.

Switches the current trace

Switches the trace displayed on the screen

Note

• The direction that the cursor moves differs depending on the direction that you rotate the rotary knob.

IM AQ7280-01EN

Clockwise: The cursor moves to the right. Counterclockwise: The cursor moves to the left.

• If you turn the rotary knob counterclockwise to the point where the cursor reaches the left side of the screen, the cursor will disappear. If you reach the measurement end point, the cursor will not move forward even if you turn the rotary knob clockwise.

• For details on the cursor display format, see section 3.2.

• You can change the cursor movement resolution (fine or coarse). For the procedure, see section 3.3.

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Marker

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

How to Use Markers

You can use markers to measure values such as the distance, splice loss, or return loss between two points.

Marker Menu (Marker Mode: Marker)

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key to display the marker menu.

Switches to the screen that is used to measure 2 Point markers. For the measurement principle, see section 1.4.

Switches to the screen that is used to measure 4 Point markers. For the measurement principle, see section 1.4.

Switches to the screen that is used to measure 6 Point markers. For the measurement principle, see section 1.4.

Preset markers.

Sets or clears the distance reference.

Sets the distance reference (marker R) at the cursor position.

Clears the markers and cursors.

2 Point Markers

Press the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the following screen.

Marker

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor position.

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor position.

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker information

Note

• When you set the marker positions, set them so that the 1 marker is the measurement start point (the distance reference).

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

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Distance reference

Marker Y2

this becomes the ALL soft key.

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

• Distance Reference

Normally, the location where the AQ7280 and the optical fiber cable are connected is the

measurement reference point. This reference point is the distance reference. It is used to calculate the distance to the cursor and markers. If you are using a launch fiber to perform measurements, move the distance reference the length of the launch fiber before performing measurements.

• Cursor Link (Moving all markers together)

You can move all markers while maintaining the distance between them.

4 Point Markers

Press the 4 Point Markers soft key to display the following screen.

Marker

Marker information

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor position.

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor position.

Set marker Y2.

Marker Y2 is set at the cursor position.

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor position.

When no cursors are set,

Press to set all markers together.

Optical Pulse Analysis

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Cursor link

See 2 Point markers.

Note

• Set the markers in the order shown above, starting with the measurement start point (the distance reference).

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

• Set the correct position for

. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of 2.

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Marker

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

6 Point Markers

Press the 6 Point Markers soft key to display the following screen.

Marker

Marker Y3

Marker Y1

Marker information

Marker Y2

Marker

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor

position.

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor

position.

Set marker Y2.

Marker Y2 is set at the cursor position.

Sets marker .

Marker is set at the cursor

position.

Set marker Y1.

Marker Y1 is set at the cursor position.

Set marker Y3.

Marker Y3 is set at the cursor position.

Cursor link

See 2 Point markers.

Note

• Set the markers in the order shown above, starting with the measurement start point (the distance reference).

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

• Set the correct position for

. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of 2.

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Marker Menu (Marker Mode: Line)

Marker n

Set the approximation method.

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key to display the marker menu.

Switches to the screen that is used to measure 2 Point markers. For the measurement principle, see section 1.4.

Switches to the screen that is used to measure 5 Point markers. For the measurement principle, see section 1.4.

Preset markers.

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

Optical Pulse Analysis

Sets or clears the distance reference.

Sets the distance reference (marker R) at the cursor position See page 4-3.

Clears the markers and cursors.

2 Point Markers

Press the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the following screen.

Marker E

Move the cursor.

Moves the cursor to set markers.

Set marker n.

Marker n is set at the cursor position.

Set marker E.

Marker E is set at the cursor position.

See page 2-3.

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker information

Note

• When you set the marker positions, set them so that the n marker is the measurement start point (the distance reference).

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

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Press this soft key to select

Marker N

Preset information display screen

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

5 Point Markers

Press the 5 Point Markers soft key to display the following screen.

Marker n

Marker information

Note

• Set the markers in the order shown above, starting with the measurement start point (the distance reference).

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

• Set the correct position for marker E. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of E.

Marker E

Marker F

Marker f

Cursor (C)

Press to set all markers together.

Sets marker.

the marker that you are operating.

Presetting Markers

This function can be used to register markers that you set from the marker menu (2 Point Markers, 4 Point Markers, 5 Point Markers, 6 Point Markers) in advance and apply them on waveforms with a single touch operation. Up to two sets of markers can be registered. This function is convenient when measuring the same event repeatedly for each core such as in a multi-core fiber measurement.

From the top menu, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key to display the marker menu.

Press the Preset soft key to display the preset menu.

Selects the preset action (Register, Delete, SetMarker)

Preset A marker

Preset B marker

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• Registering a Preset Marker

• Applying a Preset Marker

Note

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms

Press the Action soft key to select Register.

Press the A or B soft key. The marker applied on the waveform is registered, and the marker

information is displayed on the preset information display screen.

Display measured waveform data on the screen.

Tap the A or B icon. The A or B preset marker is applied to the waveform.

Optical Pulse Analysis

Icon A, Icon B

Preset markers exceeding the distance range of the waveform display cannot be applied. Preset markers can also be applied from the preset menu.

6. Display measured waveform data on the screen.

7. Press the Action soft key to select SetMarker.

8. Press the A or B soft key. The preset marker is applied to the waveform.

• Deleting a Preset Marker

Press the Action soft key to select Delete.

Press the A or B soft key. Marker information on the preset information display screen is

cleared.

Note

A marker applied to the waveform is not cleared. To clear a marker applied to the waveform, press the Delete Cursor/Marker soft key explained on page 4-2 or 4-5.

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YOKOGAWA AQ7280 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

List of Manuals

Conventions Used in This Manual

Contents

Chapter 1 Features

1.1 Overview

1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

1.3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

1.4 Optical Pulse Analysis

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meter

1.6 File Operation and Printing

1.7 System Features

Chapter 2 Optical Pulse Measurement (OTDR)

2.1 Setting the Measurement and Analysis Conditions

2.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

2.3 Performing Averaged Measurement and Displaying the Results with Icons (/SMP option)

2.4 Performing Averaged Measurement and Measuring the Distances to Breaks

2.5 Performing Real-time Measurement

2.6 Performing High Resolution Measurement

2.7 Displaying Reference Trace Waveforms

2.8 Performing Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

2.9 Monitoring Optical Fiber Cables (/MNT option)

2.10 Using Convenient Touch Operation Features

Chapter 3 Optical Pulse Waveform Display

3.1 Waveform Display Screen

3.2 Configuring the Waveform Display

3.3 Zooming and Moving Displayed Waveforms

Chapter 4 Optical Pulse Analysis

4.1 Analyzing Waveforms