YOKOGAWA AQ6373 User Manual

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User’s Manual

AQ6373 Optical Spectrum Analyzer

IM AQ6373-01EN

2nd Edition

Product Registration

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YOKOGAWA provides registered users with a variety of information and services. Please allow us to serve you best by completing the product registration form accessible from our homepage.

http://tmi.yokogawa.com/

PIM 103-03E

Foreword

Thank you for purchasing the AQ6373 Optical Spectrum Analyzer. This instrument enables high speed measurement of the optical properties of LD and LED light sources, and other devices. To improve ease of use, it includes mouse-based user operation and a brand-new zoom function. This user’s manual describes the instrument’s functions, operating procedures, and handling precautions, and provides other important information for use of the instrument. For correct operation, please read this manual thoroughly before use. After reading this manual, keep it in a convenient location for quick reference in the event a question arises during operation. There are two manuals for the AQ6373 including this one. Read them along with this manual.

Manual Title Manual No. Description

AQ6373 Optical Spectrum Analyzer User’ s Manual

AQ6370C/AQ6373/ AQ6375 Optical Spectrum Analyzer Remote Control User’s Manual AQ6373 Optical Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started Guide

IM AQ6373-01EN This manual. The manual is located on the CD

included in your package (pdf format). Explains all functions and operating procedures of the AQ6373 except remote control and program functions.

IM AQ6370C-17EN The manual is located on the CD included

in your package (pdf format).Explains functions for controlling the instrument with communication commands and program functions.

IM AQ6373-02EN

Explains instrument handling precautions and basic operating procedures.

Notes

Trademarks

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of improvements in the instrument’s performance and functions. Display contents illustrated in this manual may differ slightly from what actually appears on your screen.

• Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its contents. However, should you have any questions or find any errors, please contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

• Copying or reproducing all or any part of the contents of this manual without the permission of Yokogawa Meters & Instruments Corporation is strictly prohibited.

• A warranty sheet is included. It cannot be reissued. After reading the sheet, keep it in a safe location.

• Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

• Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems incorporated.

• The company and product names used in this manual are not accompanied by the trademark or registered trademark symbols(TM, ®)

• Other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Revisions

• 1st Edition: January 2011

• 2nd Edition: August 2013

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Checking the Contents of the Package

After opening the package, check the following items before beginning use. If any of the contents are incorrect, missing, or appear to be abnormal, please contact your Yokogawa dealer or representative.

AQ6373 Main Unit

Check that the model and suffix code on the name plate on the rear of the instrument match those of your order. When contacting the dealer from which you purchased the instrument, please give them the instrument number.

MODEL Suffix Code Description

AQ6372 Optical Spectrum Analyzer AQ6373 Specification -10 Standard model

Power cord

-F VDE standard power cord (part no.: A1009WD),

-R

-Q

-H

Options /B5 1 Make sure that the attached power cord meets the designated standards of the country and

-D UL/CSA standard power cord (part no.: A1006WD),

AS standard power cord (part no.: A1024WD),

BS standard power cord (part no.: A1054WD),

GB standard power cord (complies with the CCC)

Built-in thermal printer

area that you are using it in.

maximum rated voltage: 125 V

maximum rated voltage: 250 V

(part no.: A1064WD), maximum rated voltage: 250 V

• No. (Instrument Number)

Please contact your nearest Yokogawa representative.

Accessories

Part Name Quantity

Power cord User's manual (CD) 1 Getting Start Guide 1 Rubber feet 2 pieces (1 A9088ZM sheet) Printer roll paper (with /B5 option) 1

1 Make sure that the attached power cord meets the designated standards of the country and

area that you are using it in.

Accessories (Sold Separately)

Part Name Model/Part Number Specifications

Printer roll paper B9988AE Lot size is 10 rolls, 10 meters each

Safety Precautions

This instrument is an IEC safety class I(provided with terminal for protective earth grounding). The general safety precautions described herein must be observed during all phases of operation. If the instrument is used in a manner not specified in this manual, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired. Yokogawa Electric Corporation assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

The following symbols are used on this instrument.

Danger, Refer to the user's manual.

This symbol appears on dangerous locations on the instrument which require special instructions for proper handling or use. The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the manual to identify those instructions.

Alternating current

ON(power)

OFF(power)

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iii

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Safety Precautions

Failure to comply with the precautions below could lead to injury or death or

damage to the instrument.

WARNING

• Use the Instrument Only for Its Intended Purpose

The optical measuring instrument is designed to measure the optical

characteristics of light sources and evaluate their performance. Do not use this instrument for anything other than as an optical measuring instrument.

• Check the Physical Appearance

Do not use the instrument if there is a problem with its physical appearance.

• Use the Correct Power Supply

Before connecting the power cord, ensure that the source voltage matches the

rated supply voltage of the instrument and that it is within the maximum rated voltage of the provided power cord.

• Use the Correct Power Cord and Plug

To prevent the possibility of electric shock or fire, be sure to use the power cord

supplied by YOKOGAWA. The main power plug must be plugged into an outlet with a protective earth terminal. Do not disable this protection by using an extension cord without protective earth grounding.

Also, do not use the power cord that came with the instrument on any other

device.

• Connect the Protective Grounding T

Make sure to connect the protective earth to prevent electric shock before

turning ON the power. The power cord that comes with the instrument is a three-prong type power cord. Connect the power cord to a properly grounded three-prong outlet.

• Do not Impair the Protective Grounding

Never cut off the internal or external protective earth wire or disconnect the

wiring of the protective earth terminal. Doing so poses a potential shock hazerd.

• Do not Operate with Defective Protective Grounding or Fuse

Do not operate the instrument if the protective earth or fuse might be defective. Make sure to check them before operation.

• Reference light source output light

The instrument has a built-in reference light source for alignment adjustment,

and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

• Do not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable liquids or vapors. Operation in such environments constitutes a safety hazard.

• Do Not Remove the Covers or Disassemble or Alter the Instrument

Only qualified YOKOGAWA personnel may remove the covers and disassemble

or alter the instrument.

Opening the cover is dangerous, because some areas inside the instrument

have high voltages.

• Installation Location

• This instrument is designed to be used indoors. Do not install or use it outdoors.

• Install

the instrument so that you can immediately remove the power cord if an

abnormal or dangerous condition occurs.

erminal

• Laser Class 1

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

Laser Class 1 Label

If the laser output is observed at a distance of 100mm or less from the laser beam emitting part by means of optical method (loupe, magnifying glass, microscope, etc.), this may cause eye unjury.

This instrument complies with “Class 1 laser product” defined in “IEC60825-1. Never look at the optical output connector or the top end of the optical fiber

connected to the optical output connector while the infrared light is being output.

If the infrared light output is observed at a distance of 100mm or less from the

infrared light emitting part by means of optical method (loupe, magnifying glass, microscope, etc.), this may cause eye injury However, if the infrared light enters your eye(s), this may cause eye injury and the eyesight to be ruined excessively.

Safety Precautions for Laser Products

This instrument uses a laser light source. This instrument is a Class 1 laser product as defined by IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser Products-Part 1: Equipment Classification, Requirements and User’s Guide.

Safety Precautons

. The infrared light cannot be seen.

Class Laser Type Wavelength Maximum

Output Power

1 LED 850nm 0.1mW 50µm 0.275

Diameter of Mode Field

CAUTION

Operating Environment Limitations

This product is a Class A (for industrial environment) product. Operation of this product in a residential area may cause radio interference in which case the user is required to correct the interference.

Numerical Aperture

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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Directive 2002/96/EC

(This directive is only valid in the EU.)

This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking

requirement. This marking indicates that you must not discard this electrical/

electronic product in domestic household waste.

Product Category

With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this

product is classified as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product.

Do not dispose in domestic household waste. When disposing products in the EU,

contact your local Yokogawa Europe B. V. office.

Conventions Used in This Manual

Safety Markings

The following markings are used in this manual.

Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage to the instrument. This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate that the user must refer to the user's manual for special instructions. The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user's manual to identify those instructions. In the manual, the symbol is used in conjunction with the word “WARNING” or “CAUTION.”

WARNING

CAUTION

Note

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause serious or fatal injury to the user, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attentions to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to the user or damage to the instrument or user’s data, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attention to information that is important for proper operation of the instrument.

Notations Used on Pages Describing Operating Procedures

On pages that describe the operating procedures in Chapter 3 through 11, the following notations are used to distinguish the procedures from their explanations.

Procedure

This subsection contains the operating procedure used to carry out the function described in the current chapter. All procedures are written with inexperienced users in mind; experienced users may not need to carry out all the steps.

Unit

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Explanation

This subsection describes the setup parameters and the limitations on the procedures. It may not give a detailed explanation of the function. For a detailed explanation of the function, see chapter 2.

Notations Used in the Procedures

Panel Keys and Soft keys

Bold characters used in the procedural explanations indicate characters that are marked on the panel keys or the characters of the soft keys displayed on the screen menu.

k: Denotes “1000.” Example: 100kS/s K: Denotes “1024.” Example: 459KB (file data size)

vii

Flow of Operation

Preparing for Measurement

Setting Conditions and Measuring

Waveform Display

Installing the Instrument

Turning the Power ON/OFF

Auto Sweep Setting and Measurement

Other Settings

Waveform Display

Displaying Calculated Waveforms

Marker Display

Searching

Waveform Analysis

GO/NO-GO Judgment

Saving Display Data and Printing Out

Storage Media

Saving Data

Internal Printer(Optional)

Section 3.1

Section 3.3

Section 3.5

Section 5.1

Section 5.2 to 5.11

Section 6.1 to 6.4

Section 6.5

Section 6.8

Section 6.12

Section 7.1 to 7.9

Section 7.11

Section 8.1

Section 8.2 to 8.8

Section 4.6

Measurement Start (Sweep)

External Trigger Measurement

Smoothing

Section 5.12

Section 5.15

Section 5.17

Alignment Adjustment (Wavelength Calibration)

The figure below is provided to familarize the first-time user with the general flow of this instrument operation. For a description of each item, see the relevant section or chapter.

viii

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Contents

App

Index

Checking the Contents of the Package.............................................................................................ii

Safety Precautions ........................................................................................................................... iii

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment .....................................................................................vi

Conventions Used in This Manual .................................................................................................. vii

Flow of Operation........................................................................................................................... viii

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Rear Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs ..................................................................................................... 1-3

Chapter 2 Functions

Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

1.4 LCD Screen .......................................................................................................

2.1 System Structure .............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 Measurement ................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 W

2.4 Analysis ......................................................................................................

2.5 Other

3.1 Installing the Instrument ............................................................................................................................. 3-1

3.2 Connecting a Communication Interface ........................................................................... 3-3

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF ........................................................................................................................3-6

3.4 Connecting the DUT ........................................................................................................3-11

3.5 Alignment Adjustment ...............................................................................................................................3-13

3.6 Wavelength Calibration .................................................................................................. 3-15

3.7 Important Points During Measurement ........................................................................... 3-19

aveform Display ........................................................................................................... 2-7

.............................................................................................................................. 2-13

............... 1-6

.....................2-11

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys ................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard ......................................................................... 4-3

4.3 Entering Numerical V

4.4 Screen Display ......................................................................................................

4.5 Setting the Date and

4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional) ............................................................. 4-9

Chapter 5 Mesurement

5.1 Auto Measurement ........................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings ....................................................................................... 5-2

5.3 Sub Scale ......................................................................................................

5.4 Setting the Reference Level ........................................................................................... 5-12

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5.5 Center W

5.6 Sweep Width Settings .................................................................................................... 5-21

5.7 W

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings .................................................................................... 5-28

5.9 Sensitivity Settings ......................................................................................................

5.10 A

veraging Times Setting................................................................................................. 5-32

avelength (Center Frequency) Setting ............................................................ 5-16

avelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings ................................................................ 5-25

alues and Strings ............................................................................ 4-5

........... 4-7

Time ................................................................................................ 4-8

................... 5-8

... 5-30

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Contents

5.11 Trace Settings ................................................................................................................ 5-33

5.12 Measurement Start (Sweep) .......................................................................................... 5-35

5.13 Specifying

5.14 Pulse

5.15 External

5.16 T

5.17 Smoothing ......................................................................................................

5.18 Analog Out ..................................................................................................................... 5-45

rigger Output ................................................................................................................ 5-43

a Sweep Range ............................................................................................ 5-37

Light Measurement ............................................................................................... 5-38

Trigger Measurement ....................................................................................... 5-40

Chapter 6 Waveform Display

6.1 Zooming In/Out on Waveforms ......................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Wavelength Updating/Fixing ............................................................................................. 6-8

6.3 MAX/MIN

6.4 Sweep

6.5 Displaying Calculated Waveforms .................................................................................. 6-13

6.6 Normalized

6.7 Curve

6.8 Marker

6.9 Displaying

6.10 Noise

6.11 Copying and Clearing Traces ......................................................................................... 6-40

6.12 Searching ......................................................................................................

HOLD Display ................................................................................................ 6-10

verage ...............................................................................................................6-11

Fitting .................................................................................................................. 6-19

Display ............................................................................................................... 6-25

a Split Screen ............................................................................................... 6-36

Mask ..................................................................................................................... 6-38

................

Display ....................................................................................................... 6-18

.................

5-44

6-42

Chapter 7 Analysis

7.1 Spectrum Width Measurement ......................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Notch Width Measurement ............................................................................................... 7-4

7.3 SMSR

7.4 POWER

7.5 DFB-LD,

7.6 PMD

7.7 OSNR

7.8 Chromaticity coordinate analysis (COLOR analysis) ..................................................... 7-19

7.9 Optical

7.10 Measurement

7.11

7.12 Specifying

7.13 Correcting

Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-6

Measurement ..................................................................................................... 7-8

FP-LD, and LED Measurement ......................................................................... 7-9

Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-10

Analysis

Filter Characteristics Measurement ................................................................... 7-22

Go/No-Go Judgment (Template) .................................................................................... 7-29

(WDM Analysis) .................................................................................... 7-12

of Level Fluctuations in Single-Wavelength Light (0 nm Sweeping) ........ 7-26

an Analysis Range ........................................................................................ 7-41

Displayed Values .......................................................................................... 7-44

Chapter 8 Saving/Loading Data

8.1 USB Storage Media .......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Temporarily Saving and Redisplaying Traces to and from Internal Memory .................... 8-2

8.3 Saving/Loading

8.4 Saving/Loading

8.5 Saving/Loading

8.6 Saving/Loading

8.7 Saving/Loading

8.8 Saving

8.9 Saving/Loading

8.10 Creating

Screen Image Data ............................................................................................ 8-47

Displayed Data ....................................................................................... 8-6

Displayed Data(All Trace) ..................................................................... 8-22

Setting Data .......................................................................................... 8-28

Analysis Results Data ........................................................................... 8-33

Program Data ....................................................................................... 8-41

Template Data....................................................................................... 8-51

Files ................................................................................................................. 8-57

Contents

App

Index

Chapter 9 Other Operations

9.1 Registering Soft keys ....................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2 Data Initialization .............................................................................................................. 9-2

9.3 Help ......................................................................................................

9.4 Registering and Loading Character Strings ................................................................... 9-15

9.5 Other

9.6 Displaying

Settings ................................................................................................................ 9-16

System Information ....................................................................................... 9-20

..........................

9-14

Chapter 10 Maintenance

10.1 Upgrading the Firmware ................................................................................................. 10-1

10.2 Mechanical Inspection .................................................................................................... 10-3

10.3 Operational

10.4 Inspection

10.5 Inspection

10.6 Replacing Fuses .............................................................................................................................................10-7

10.7 Daily Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................10-8

10.8 Care during Storage ....................................................................................................... 10-9

10.9 Recommended

10.10 W

arning Display Function ..............................................................................................10-11

Inspection ................................................................................................... 10-4

of Wavelength Accuracy ................................................................................ 10-5

of Level Accuracy .......................................................................................... 10-6

Replacement Parts ............................................................................. 10-10

Chapter 11 Specications

11.1 Specications ..................................................................................................................11-1

11.2 External Dimensions .......................................................................................................11-4

Appendix

Appendix 1 Data Calculation Algorithms for Spectrum Widths .............................................App-1

Appendix 2 Details of Each Analytical Functions ................................................................App-10

Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix

3 Detailed Explanations of OSNR (WDM) Analysis Function .............................. App-17

4 Details of Optical Filter Analysis Function ........................................................ App-26

5 Soft Key Tree Diagram .....................................................................................App-31

6 END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT ............................................................... App-49

Index

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AQ6373

OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

USB

POWER

FUNCTION

DATA ENTRY

CENTER

SWEEP

SPAN

LEVEL

ZOOM

SETUP

MARKER

DISPLAY

PEAK

TRACE

ANALYSIS

USER

MEMORY

FILE

SYSTEM

ADVANCE

PROGRAM

OREMOTE

UNDO/ LOCAL

HELP

COPY

FEED

COARSE

123

BACK SPASE

nm/ ENTER

m/ ENTER

OPTICAL INPUT

CALIBRATION OUTPUT

1 2

8 9

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel

Front Panel

Part Names and Functions

No. Name Function

1 LCD display Displays measured waveform, measurement conditions,

measurement values, etc.

Soft key section Used to execute the functions assigned to the soft keys on

the right side of the LCD display

FUNCTION section Used to enter settings pertaining to all measurements

(sweep, measurement conditions, data analysis, and various functions)

DATA ENTRY section Used for measurement condition parameter input, label

input, etc.

POWER Used to start and shut down the instrument. 6 USB interface Used to connect USB storage media 7 UNDO/LOCAL See the following table(1.3 Panel keys and Knobs) 8 HELP Used to check the contents of the soft key menu displayed

on the screen.

COPY Used to make hard copies of the screen through the internal

printer (optional)

FEED Used to feed recording paper 11 OPTICAL INPUT Optical input connector 12 CALIBRATION OUTPUT Reference light source optical output connector used for

alignment adjustments

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1-1

1-2

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1.2 Rear Panel

TRIGGERINTRIGGER

OUT

ANALOG

OUT

SERIAL (

232

)

ETHERNET

10/100BASE

VIDEO

OUT

( SVGA

)

KBD

IB1

( IEEE488.1/488.2

)

IB2

( IEEE488.1

)

( FOR TLS,ETC.

)

WARNING

MAIN P OWER

ON OFF

100-240V AC 150VA

MAX

50/60Hz

FUSE

250VT5A

USB

Rear Panel

No. Name Function

1 GP-IB1 GP-IB port for controlling this unit through an external

GP-IB2 GP-IB port that allows this unit to serve as a system

SERIAL RS-232 interface 4 TRIGGER IN Trigger input 5 TRIGGER OUT Trigger output 6 ANALOG OUT Analog output 7 MAIN POWER Used to turn the main power ON/OFF 8 Power cord connector Connect the power cord to this connector 9 VIDEO OUT (SVGA) Analog RGB video signal (SVGA-compliant) interface 10 ETHERNET Ethernet Interface (10/100BASE-TX) 11 USB interface Used to connect USB storage media or USB mouse 12 KBD External keyboard interface (PS/2) 13 Exhaust holes

computer

controller on the GP-IB bus for controlling an external device

1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs

FUNCTION

CENTER

SWEEP

SPAN

LEVEL

ZOOM

SETUP

MARKER

DISPLAY

PEAK

TRACE

ANALYSIS

USER

MEMORY

FILE

SYSTEM

ADVANCE

PROGRAM

OREMOTE

UNDO/ LOCAL

HELP

COPY

FEED

FUNCTION Section

The FUNCTION section contains 17 function keys and 4 auxiliary keys. When you press a function key, information about the function is displayed on the soft key menu located on the right side of the LCD display.

SWEEP

The SWEEP key contains functions related to sweeping. When you press the SWEEP key, the soft key menu for sweeping appears.

CENTER

The CENTER key contains functions related to setting the center wavelength and center frequency for measurements. The soft key functions change depending on whether the screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.

SPAN

The SPAN key contains functions pertaining to settings for the wavelength span or frequency span being measured. The soft key functions change according to whether the screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.

Part Names and Functions

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LEVEL

The LEVEL key contains functions related to level axis settings.When you press the LEVEL key, the soft key menu for setting reference level appears.

SETUP

The SETUP key contains functions related to measurement condition settings.

ZOOM

The ZOOM key contains the zoom function, which allows the user to freely enlarge or reduce a measured waveform in order to check a small area of the measured waveform, or to check the overall waveform. This key is used to set the waveform enlarged/reduced display conditions.

DISPLAY

The DISPLAY key contains functions related to screen display.This key is used to set the screen to upper/lower 2-split display mode (split mode).

TRACE

The TRACE key contains functions related to trace mode settings.

MARKER

The MARKER key contains functions related to markers.

PEAK SEARCH

The PEAK SEARCH key contains functions for searching for peaks and bottoms in measured waveforms.

ANALYSIS

The ANALYSIS key contains functions related to measured waveform analysis.

1-3

1-4

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1.3 Panel keys and Knobs

MEMORY

The MEMORY key contains functions for writing the contents of the active trace to the unit’s internal memory. When you press the MEMORY key, the traces and memory list screen (soft key menu) are displayed. A memory number may be entered in the DATA ENTRY section, or selected using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

FILE

The FILE key contains functions for saving and loading waveform data, program data, and the like to and from USB storage media (USB memory/HDD).

PROGRAM

The PROGRAM key contains the soft keys related to program functions for controlling measurements through a program.

SYSTEM

The SYSTEM key contains system-related functions such as monochromator adjusting optical alignment, wavelength adjustment, hardware setup, and setting initialization.

ADVANCE

The ADVANCE key contains functions related to template function settings.

USER

Frequently used soft keys can be registered on the soft key menu in the USER key. Registering frequently used soft keys in the USER key allows you to execute frequently used functions in a small number of steps.

COPY/FEED

The COPY key is used to output the measurement screen to the internal printer or a file. When you press the COPY key, the measured waveforms and lists displayed on the screen are output to the internal printer or a file. The FEED key is used to feed printer paper. Paper feeding continues as long as you hold down the FEED key.

UNDO/LOCAL

The key's function changes depending on the status of the instrument when the UNDO/ LOCAL key is pressed. The following table shows the key's functions.

Status of Instrument Function

UNDO action is allowed If the UNDO key is pressed after changing parameter

During user key registration If the UNDO key is pressed during user key registration,

During remote control by external PC (Remote light is on)

settings, changing or deleting data, etc., the previous action (change, deletion, etc.) is canceled and the state preceding that action is restored.

registration mode is canceled and the soft key menu which appeared when the SYSTEM key was pressed is displayed again.

Changes the state from the remote state back to the local state. The remote light turns off.

HELP

When you press the HELP key, a soft key menu of the currently displayed screen is displayed explanations. Soft keys for selecting the “MORE INFO” which indicate additional information are displayed by some soft keys in HELP screen.

DATA ENTRY Section

DATA ENTRY

COARSE

BACK

SPASE

nm/

ENTER

This unit allows you to enter measurement conditions and various other parameters through the DATA ENTRY section. Three different entry methods can be used in the DATA ENTRY section, the rotary knob, the arrow keys, and the numeric keypad.

Rotary knob

When you press a soft key which has a parameter, the current setting is displayed in the parameter entry window. Turning the rotary knob raises or lowers the numeric value shown in the parameter entry window (turn clockwise to increase and counterclockwise to decrease), and the internal setting changes at the same time. Note that if the COARSE key is on (lamp on), the numeric value increase/decrease step will be larger.

Arrow keys (▲, ▼)

Pressing the ▲ key has the same effect as turning the rotary knob clockwise. Likewise, pressing the ▼ key has the same effect as turning the rotary knob counterclockwise.

Holding an arrow key down for 0.5 second or longer activates auto-repeat. If the multi-marker function has been selected, the arrow keys can be used to scroll the marker value display in the data area.

COARSE Key

You can raise the digit of settings being entered or the increase/decrease step for numerical values. Each time you press this key the setting toggles between ON and OFF. When ON, the lamp lights.

1.3 Panel keys and Knobs

Part Names and Functions

Numeric keypad

You can enter numerical values directly into the parameter input window by pressing keys of the numeric keypad. After you have pressed a parameter soft key to display the current setting in the parameter display area, you can press a numeric keypad key to display the numeric keypad input area including the entered numeric value. If the value entered with the numeric keypad is not in the allowed value range, the nearest allowed value will be set.

μm/ENTER Key and nm/ENTER Key

Enters values input using the numeric keypad or the parameter input window. Use one or the other key if entering a parameter value with a particular unit.

If a parameter does not have a unit associated with it, you can use either the μm/ENTER

key or the nm/ENTER key.

BACK SPACE Key

Use this key if you make an error when inputting values with the numeric keypad. The last entered (right-most) character is removed, allowing entry of the correct character. By holding the BACK SPACE key down, you can erase the entire entry in the numeric keypad input area and make the numeric keypad input area disappear, returning it to the condition preceding numeric keypad input.

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1-5

1-6

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1.4 LCD Screen

14 15

No. Function

1 Data area 2 Measurement conditions area

3 4 Displays level axis scale per DIV

5 resolution are inappropriate.)

6 Displays reference level 7 Label area (56 characters) 8 Displays wavelength resolution 9 Displays measurement sensitivity 10 Displays averaging times 11 Displays the number of measurement samples 12 Displays date and time 13 Displays each trace status

14 15 Displays the statuses of main settings (When a setting is ON, its display is depressed, or

Displays wavelength axis scale per DIV 17 Displays sweep status (RPT=Repeat; SGL=Single; STP=Stop) 18 Displays soft key menu (Displays markers and data analysis results.)

(Displayed when any of the measurement conditions are changed.)

(Displayed when the settings for span, the number of sampling points, and the

is displayed with white on black background if the display colors are black and white.)

(Only displayed when ZOOM function is used)

19 Parameter display area 20 Parameter input area 21 OVERVIEW display screen (Only displayed when ZOOM function is used.) 22 Displays sub-scale .

1.4 LCD Screen

Part Names and Functions

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Chapter 2 Functions

AQ6373

OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

USB

POWER

FUNCTION

DATA ENTRY

CENTER

SWEEP

SPAN

LEVEL

ZOOM

SETUP

MARKER

DISPLAY

PEAK SEARCH

TRACE

ANALYSIS

USER

MEMORY

FILE

SYSTEM

ADVANCE

PROGRAM

OREMOTE

UNDO/ LOCAL

HELP

COPY

FEED

COARSE

123

BACK SPASE

nm/ ENTER

m/ ENTER

OPTICALI NPUT

CALIBRATION OUTPUT

Splitter cable

PS/2 mouse

PS/2 keyboard

Control target Control target

GP-IB2 interface

GP-IB1 interface RS-232 interface Ethernet interface

Built-in printer (optional)

Video signal output trigger output

USB mouse

USB storage medium

USB 101 keyboard

Analog output

External trigger input

USB mouse

USB keyboard

USB storage medium

2.1 System Structure

System Structure

Functions

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2.2 Measurement

Alignment Adjustment <<See section 3.5 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows adjustment of the optical axis of the instrument’s built-in monochromator (spectroscope). The instrument’s optical performance is not guaranteed until the alignment adjustment function has been executed. Failure to perform this adjustment can result in distortion of measured waveforms. Always perform alignment adjustment the first time you use the instrument, if the instrument was vibrated when being moved, or if the temperature in the operating environment has changed. Perform the alignment adjustment after a one-hour warm-up.

Wavelength Calibration <<See section 3.6 for the operating procedure>>

Wavelength calibration can be performed using an external light source.

Auto Measurement <<See section 5.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function automatically sets the optimal measuring conditions for the input light and displays the spectrum waveform. This function is useful when the characteristics of the input light are not well known. The wavelength range of input light that can be auto-measured is 350–1200 nm. The measurement conditions that are set automatically are as follows.

Span (SP

2. Center wavelength (CENTER)

3. Reference level (REF LEVEL)

4. Resolution (RESOLUTION) Other measuring conditions (sensitivity, averaging times, number of sampling points, and interval settings) are set to their defaults. The horizontal and vertical axes of the displayed spectrum waveform are zoomed to an appropriate degree.

AN)

Single Sweep <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>

This function executes a single sweep operation.

Repeat Sweep <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs repeat sweeping operation. It enables repeated, real-time measurement of waveforms.

Marker-to-marker sweep <<See section 5.13 for the operating procedure>>

This function enables sweeping between two specified waveform line markers. You can sweep an arbitrary interval on screen.

Segment Measurement <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows you to divide up items to be measured in units of previously specified segments. Allows measurement delimited by segments (portions).

Smoothing <<See section 5.17 for the operating procedure>>

This function attenuates the noise in the measured waveform. By using the Smoothing function, areas on the waveform with a large amount of noise can be “smoothed out” when measured.

2.2 Measurement

One-Action Keys <<See section 5.4 to 5.6 for the operating procedure>>

This is the general name for a key that uses data from the active trace waveform (the currently displayed waveform) to set measurement conditions. Setting conditions requires that a waveform is displayed for the active trace.

One-Action Key Name Description

PEAK → REF LEVEL Sets the peak level of the measured waveform of the active trace

as the reference level.

MARKER→ REF LEVEL Sets the moving marker level as the refere

PEAK→CENTER Sets the peak wavelength or the peak frequency of the active

MEAN WL→CENTER

VIEW→MEAS

MARKER →CENTER

Δλ→SPAN

MKR L1-L2 →SPAN PEAK→ZOOM CTR

MARKER →ZOOM CTR Sets the wavelength of the moving marker to center wavelength or

MKR L1-L2 →ZOOM SPAN

Sets the currently displayed ZOOM scale as the measurement

Sets the sweep width as six times the RMS 20 dB width of the

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

trace measurement waveform to center wavelength or center frequency.

Sets THRESH 3 dB center wavelength or center frequency of the

active trace measured waveform to center wavelength or center frequency.

scale (CENTER, START, STOP, SPAN) for the next sweep.

Sets the wavelength of the moving marker to center wavelength or

center frequency.

active trace measurement waveform.

Sets the peak wavelength of the active trace measurement waveform to center wavelength or center frequency of zoom display.

center frequency of zoom display.

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width of

zoom display.

nce level.

Functions

Switching between Vacuum Wavelength and Air Wavelength

<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>

This function switches the measured wavelength to either a vacuum wavelength or an air wavelength. Measurement can be performed in either air or vacuum wavelength mode.

Switching between Wavelength and Frequency

<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>

This function switches the horizontal axis display to wavelength or frequency. You can display either the wavelengths or frequencies of marker values and analysis results.

Averaging <<See section 5.10 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs multiple measurements and displays the average values. The function is used in cases such as: when the light source’s level is fluctuating; when measuring a modulated signal of several kHz or less; when the waveform is disrupted and difficult to measure; when it is necessary to obtain even higher measurement sensitivity.

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2.2 Measurement

Power Density Display <<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>

The power per 1 nm is called the power density. The level axis of the AQ6373 indicates the absolute power per wavelength resolution. For example, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the power per 0.1 nm will be displayed.

Since the optical spectrum of such devices as a gas laser or a laser diode is narrower than the wavelength resolution of the instrument, the entire power is accommodated within the band of a resolution. Therefore, the measured power (peak level) is equal to the total power of the light source. This instrument has been calibrated to display accurate power under such conditions.

On the other hand, natural light or lights such as fluorescent lamps or LEDs, have, in many cases, optical spectrums wider than the wavelength resolution set for the instrument. Therefore, if the instrument measures these lights, measured power will vary, depending on the resolution setting.

In order to deal with this issue, the instrument is equipped with the dBm dBm/nm soft key

to allow the level axis displays to switch from the absolute power (dBm, mW, μW pW) per resolution to power density (dBm/nm, mW/nm, μW/nm, nW/nm, pW/nm).

In the case of power density displays, a measured value is converted to power per 1 nm. Therefore, whatever resolution is used for measurement, certain measured values will always be available. For information on the use of dBm and dBm/nm, see “Power Density Display” in section

5.2, “Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings.”

, nW

Note

Specifications such as level accuracy, measurement level range, and level linearity of the instrument are provided for the absolute power display.

Pulse Light Measurement <<See section 5.14 and 5.15 for the operating

procedure>>

The following three methods are available for measuring pulse light.

• Measurement using Peak hold mode

• Measurement as a time average spectrum .

• Measurement using External trigger mode.

2.2 Measurement

External Trigger Measurement <<See section 5.15 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs measurement in synchronization with an external trigger signal. The SMPL TRG IN terminal is an input terminal on the TTL level and in positive/ negative logic (which can be set by the <EXT TRIGGER SETTING> key). The SMPL TRG IN terminal is an input terminal for TTL level, positive/negative logic signals. The measurement points (wavelength/frequency) are incremented each time edges of input external trigger signals are detected. Thus, sweeping stops when a number of external trigger signals equaling the specified number of sampling points is input. (However, when the REPEAT sweep is performed, the sweep will be repeated until the STOP key is pressed or until trigger signals are no longer input.) The delay time (from the time when a trigger signal is detected until the time when the sampling is performed) specific to the instrument is about 20 µs. Supply the trigger signal at a timing appropriate for the measurement sensitivity. An optional delay time can be set to this specific delay time. With the DELAY key of the EXT TRIGGER SETTING key, the 0.0 µs to 1000.0 µs range can be set in units of 0.1 µs. Note that after the measurement points are set, input trigger signals during the movement to the next measurement point are ignored. The time varies depending on the measurement wavelength band and the number of sampling points (sampling intervals). Since the SMPL TRG IN terminal is pulled up internally, it can be set to the HIGH level while it is in the open state and to the LOW level while it is in the GND short state.

Functions

Sweep Trigger <<See section 5.15 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs a single sweep measurement based on an externally input trigger signal. The instrument starts a single sweep measurement by allowing sweep trigger signals on the TTL level and in negative logic to enter the TRGGER IN terminal at the back of the instrument. The signal logic of the sweep trigger input signals is fixed to negative logic, which cannot be changed. The pulse width of sweep trigger signals must be 5 ms or more. The action when entering a sweep trigger is the same as that for the SWEEP key or SINGLE key. The sweep trigger function detects sweep trigger signals by polling in certain cycles. Thus, the time after a sweep trigger signal is input until the sweep starts will fluctuate in the range of 5 ms.

Trigger Output <<See section 5.16 for the operating procedure>>

This function outputs trigger signals from the trigger output terminal on the rear panel of the instrument (only during sweeping).

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2.2 Measurement

Analog Out <<See section 5.18 for the operating procedure>>

An analog voltage is output from the ANALOG OUT terminal on the rear panel of the main unit according to the input light. The temporal changes in the input light can be measured by an oscilloscope. However, to enable this output, the sensitivity setting must be NORM/HOLD. When set to NORM/HOLD, the RANGE is switched relative to the REF LEVEL without implementing the AUTORANGE function. Therefore, if the level of the input light is high, the output voltage level is saturated. The saturation level and noise level varies depending on the REF level. The table below shows the relationship between the REF level and the saturation level.

REF LEVEL(dBm or dBm/nm) Saturation Level * (dBm)

REF > 0 23 dBm or more 0 < = REF > -10 13 dBm or more

-10 < = REF > -20 3 dBm or more

-20 < = REF > -30 -7 dBm or more

-30 < = REF -17 dBm or more

* At wavelength 700 to 900 nm

ANALOG OUT Output Specifications

Output saturation voltage +6 V or more Offset voltage (including noise) ±5 mVp-p Bandwidth 10 kHz or more Load 1 kΩ or more

Correcting the Wavelength Resolution

<<See section 5.7 for the operating procedure>>

Since the wavelength resolution function is set according to the monochromator slit width, the setting resolution and actual resolution may not match. For this instrument, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the actual resolution will be 0.1 nm for a 450 nm wavelength, and 0.07 nm for a 850 nm wavelength. If the Resolution Correction function is turned ON, measured data is processed by the software so that it matches the set resolution. The Resolution Correction function is available when the resolution is set between 0.1nm and 10.0 nm. The Resolution Correction function is only available when the horizontal axis is in wavelength mode. It cannot be used in Frequency mode.

2.3 Waveform Display

Zoom <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows you to zoom freely in and out on measured waveforms. You can easily zoom an area simply by selecting it with the mouse. Drag the mouse over an area of the displayed waveform to zoom in on the area. ZOOMING is displayed at the bottom of the screen to indicate that the screen is displaying a zoomed area. You can also zoom in and out with key operations.

Overview <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function displays an overview window at the very bottom of the waveform display area. The overview window is displayed when the waveform display is enlarged or reduced using the zoom function. (Only displayed when a zoom is performed.) You can easily check which part of the measured waveform is zoomed. The overview window can be shown or hidden, and you can change its position and size.

Trace <<See section 5.11 for the operating procedure>>

A trace shows a waveform and measurement conditions. The instrument has a total of seven independent traces (A through G). Multiple traces can be displayed at the same time on the waveform screen. In addition, display ON/OFF and mode settings can be set separately for each trace.

Functions

Traces can be set to the following modes.

The following explains each of the modes.

WRITE Mode

Waveform data are written during sweeping. When a trace is set to WRITE mode, waveform data are written during measurement, and the data are updated. Traces used in measurements are normally set to WRITE mode. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “WRITE.”

FIX Mode

Fixes the data; does not write waveform data. When a trace is set to FIX mode, its waveform data are not overwritten even when measurement is performed. Therefore, the waveform on the screen is not overwritten. If you want to fix the waveform data of a trace, set the trace to FIX mode. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “FIX.”

•

WRITE mode

• FIX mode Section 6.2

• MAX/MIN HOLD mode Section 6.3

• ROLL AVG mode Section 6.4

• CALCULATE mode Section 6.5

Section 6.2

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2.3 Waveform Display

MAX/MIN HOLD Mode (Maximum/Minimum Value Detection Mode)

ROLL AVG Mode (Rolling Average Mode)

CALCULATE Mode (Calculation Results Display)

Writes the maximum/minimum values of the waveform data for each sweep. When a trace is set to MAX/MIN HOLD mode, each time a sweep is performed, the data at the individual measurement points are compared with prior measurements, and the measurement with the higher level (MAX HOLD) or lower level (MIN HOLD) is written. If you want to measure the maximum or minimum value of a waveform which changes each time a sweep is performed, set the trace you want to measure to MAX/MIN HOLD mode and perform REPEAT sweeping. The trace display at the side of the data area appears as “MAX HOLD” or “MIN HOLD”. Note that the NOISE MASK soft key setting applies when a waveform is displayed, and is not affected when a maximum or minimum value is detected.

Writes the rolling average values of the waveform data during each sweep. When a trace is set to ROLL AVG mode, each time measurement is performed the rolling average of the current measurement and past measurements is calculated, and the measurement data are updated. The number of averagings is set in the range of 2 to

100. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “ROLL AVG”.

Writes the results of calculations performed between data from different traces. When a trace is set to CALCULATE mode, subtraction between data from different traces, normalized display, or curve-fit display is performed according to the set CALCULATE mode. Note that CALCULATE mode can only be set for traces C, F, and G. Also, the available calculations vary from trace to trace. For more information, see chapter 6.

Normalized Display Function <<See section 6.6 for the operating procedure>>

This function is one of the trace CALCULATE modes. It normalizes and displays the trace data. With normalized display, normalization is performed and the waveform is displayed with the waveform peak set to 1 if the sub-scale is linear, or set to 0 dB if the sub-scale is LOG. One trace can be normalized, either trace A, B, or C. If both traces selected for calculation are set to “BLANK”, then the sub-scale is displayed on the left side of the screen. Otherwise it is displayed on the right side. The calculation results are displayed in the sub-scale. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “NORM @”.

Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>

Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G. Calculations are applied to data from the peak to the threshold value. The threshold value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “CRV FIT @.”

Peak Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>

Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G. Calculations are applied to mode peaks at or above the threshold value. The threshold value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “PKCVFIT @”.

2.3 Waveform Display

Marker Functions <<See section 6.8 for the operating procedure>>

Marker functions can be used to easily measure wavelength differences and level differences, and to search for peak wavelengths, peak levels, and spectrum widths. There are markers and line markers.

Markers

A total of 1025 markers (one moving marker and 1024 fixed markers) are provided. Moving markers can be moved to an arbitrary wavelength using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad. You can also drag the markers with the mouse. Moving markers can be moved over a waveform to display the marker values (wavelength and level value) in the data area. If a moving marker is fixed in an arbitrary position, it changes to a fixed marker. Fixed markers are markers fixed to a number on which the moving marker was set. Fixed markers are assigned marker numbers in order starting from 001. You can enter an arbitrary number using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad. A number up to 1024 can be set. When multiple fixed markers are set, it is possible to display wavelength differences and level differences between a given marker and adjacent markers.

Line Markers

There are four line markers––two wavelength line markers and two level line markers. Wavelength line markers show wavelength and wavelength difference, and level line markers show level values and level difference. Also, you can use line markers to specify a sweep or analysis range.

Displaying Wavelength Difference and Level Difference

This function places a fixed marker and measures the wavelength difference and level difference compared to a moving marker.

Functions

Note

For details, see the explanation in section 6.8, “Displaying Markers.”

Displaying Line Markers

When line markers are displayed, the marker values are shown in the upper left part of the waveform area. When both wavelength line markers 1 and 2 are displayed, or both level line markers 3 and 4 are displayed, the wavelength difference (L2-L1) or level difference (L4-L3) is shown below the marker values.

Note

For details, see the explanation in section 6.8, “Displaying Markers.”

Split Display <<See section 6.9 for the operating procedure>>

You can split the screen into an upper and lower display (SPLIT mode). You can assign trace waveforms to either the upper or lower split. TRACE A UP/LOW This function is used to set whether to put trace A on top or on bottom during upper/lower split display. If you select UP, it is assigned to the top. (Default) If you select LOW, it is assigned to the bottom. You can set trace B to G in the same manner as when setting trace A.

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2.3 Waveform Display

Noise Mask <<See section 6.10 for the operating procedure>>

This key is used to display a waveform so that parts of the waveform at or below the set value are masked. In addition, when a noise mask value is set, the waveform is overwritten in real time. When you press the NOISE MASK soft key, the current noise mask value is displayed in the noise mask value setting screen. The allowed settings for the noise mask setting are OFF (-210 dBm), and the range from -100 to 0 dBm (fine: in steps of 1; coarse: in steps of 10).

Peak/Bottom Search <<See section 6.12 for the operating procedure>>

Sets a moving marker at the waveform peak (maximum level value) or bottom (minimum level value), and displays that value. You can also search for the next peak or bottom. There is also an auto search function that automatically performs peak/bottom searches each time sweeping is performed. It is very useful for purposes such as observing peak/ bottom level changes during repeat sweeping.

2.4 Analysis

Spectrum Width Analysis <<See section 7.1 for the operating procedure>>

You can display the spectrum width and center wavelength using the following four types of calculation.

• THRESH method

•

ENVELOPE method

• RMS method

• PEAK RMS method

Notch Width Measurement <<See section 7.2 for the operating procedure>>

With notch width measurement, it is possible to measure pass band width / notch width from the measured waveform of a filter with V-character type or U-character type wavelength characteristics.

Device Analysis <<See section 7.3 and 7.4 for the operating procedure>>

Light source parameters can be analyzed from the measured waveform of each light source (DFB-LD, FP-LD, LED).

Functions

DFB-LD SMSR Measurement

The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) can be measured from the DFB-LD measured waveform.

FP-LD and LED TOTAL POWER Measurement

Optical power can be measured by integrating the measured waveform level measurements.

PMD Measurement <<See section 7.6 for the operating procedure>>

It is possible to measure the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a DUT (such as an optical fiber) by using the instrument in combination with an analyzer, polarization controller, polarizer, and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, highoutput LED light source, or other wideband light source.

OSNR (WDM) Analysis <<See section 7.7 for the operating procedure>>

From the measured waveform of the input optical spectrum, you can measure each channel’s center wavelength or level, and SNR. The analysis results are displayed in a data table.

Chromaticity coordinate analysis (COLOR analysis)

<<See section 7.8 for the operating procedure>>

The COLOR analysis function performs a color analysis the active trace waveform using a color matching function, determines the chromaticity coordinates, and displays a chromaticity diagram.

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2.4 Analysis

Optical Filter Characteristics Measurement

<<See section 7.9 for the operating procedure>>

Optical filter characteristics can be measured from the measured waveform of the light input to the optical filter from the light source, as well as from the measured waveform light output from the optical filter.

Measurement of Level Fluctuations in Single-Wavelength Light

<<See section 7.10 for the operating procedure>>

This function is used to measure changes over time in the level of a specific wavelength level. The sweep width is set to 0 nm, and measurement of the single-wavelength light is taken. The horizontal axis is the time axes. It is useful for purposes such as optical axis alignment when a light source is input to an optical fiber.

Template <<See section 7.11 for the operating procedure>>

The template function compares preset reference data (template data) with a measured waveform. In addition, if a function for displaying the target spectrum (target line) on the measurement screen is used, the target spectrum can be referenced while adjusting the optical axis of an optical device.

The following three templates are provided.

•

Upper limit line

•

Lower limit line

• Target line

Go/No Go Judgment <<See section 7.11 for the operating procedure>>

The Go/No Go test function compares the active trace waveform against reference data (template data) preset by the user, and performs a test on the measured waveform (Go/ No Go test). The template function can be used effectively in situations such as pass/fail tests on production lines.

Analysis between Line Markers

<<See section 7.12 for the operating procedure>>

You can specify an analysis range with line markers. Analysis is performed in the range outlined by the two line markers.

Analysis in the Zoom Area <<See section 7.12 for the operating procedure>>

You can specify the zoomed area as the analysis range. For example, there is a zoom area power measurement function. This function calculates totalized power between display scales.

2.5 Other

Using the USB Mouse <<See section 4.2 for the operating procedure>>

With a connected USB mouse you can perform the same operations as with the instrument’s panel keys. Also, if you move the mouse pointer over the item in the menu screen that you wish to select and click it, the instrument responds exactly as if you had pressed the corresponding soft key. The USB mouse is connected to the connector on the front panel of the instrument.

Registering Soft Keys <<See section 9.1 for the operating procedure>>

Frequently used soft keys can be registered in the soft key menu. Registering soft keys reduces the steps needed to execute their functions. Twenty-four soft keys can be registered. By default, all keys are unregistered.

Data Initialization <<See section 9.2 for the operating procedure>>

You can restore all settings to their factory defaults. The parameter setting values and data of each function are initialized.

Help <<See section 9.3 for the operating procedure>>

Displays an explanation of the soft key menus. Certain soft keys have additional help text (“MORE INFO”). MORE INFO contains detailed explanations of the corresponding soft keys.

Functions

Remote (Separate Document)

An external device can be connected to the instrument through the GP-IB port or another port to remotely control the instrument. This function requires a special connector cable for connecting with the external device. For details, see the separate user’s manual, “Remote/Program Function.”

Program (Separate Document)

The program function allows you to control an external instrument without using a PC. The function uses Ethernet, RS-232, or GP-IB. For details, see the separate user’s manual, “Remote/Program Function.”

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Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

3.1 Installing the Instrument

WARNING

• This instrument is designed to be used indoors. Do not install or use it outdoors.

• Install the instrument so that you can immediately remove the power cord if an abnormal or dangerous condition occurs. The

・

CAUTION

instrument has a built-in reference light source for alignment adjustments, and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

• Do Not Apply Shock to the Instrument

non-horizontal orientation, and do not drop the instrument from a height of 2 cm

or more. This can adversely affect the accuracy of the internal monochromator and inhibit performance. Take great care when transporting the instrument, and use packaging with a shock absorbing capacity that is greater than or equal to the packaging used upon shipment from the factory.

Never use inferior packaging materials that are unable to sufficiently absorb

vibrations and shocks occurring during transport. This can adversely affect the accuracy of the internal monochromator and inhibit performance.

• When unpacking

When the instrument is packaged in a box and moved, prevent condensation by

allowing sufficient time for the instrument to acclimatize before removing it from the box.

Preparing for Measurement

Installation Conditions

Install the instrument so that the following conditions are met.

Flat Horizontal Location

Place the instrument in a stable location that is flat in all directions. If the instrument is used in an unstable or angled surface, the accuracy of the internal monochromator can be compromised.

Location without Vibration

Do not install the instrument in a location subject to vibration. Use in a location that experiences large vibrations can lead to instability of operation, measurement stopping before completion, or notable decreases in accuracy of the wavelength and level axes.

Well Ventilated Location

Ventilation holes are present at the sides and rear of the instrument. To keep the internal temperature from rising, always maintain a gap of 200 mm or more between the

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ventilation holes and the installation surfaces.

3-1

20 cm or more

AQ6370

OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

20 cm or more

There are inlet holes on the both sides of the instrument.

3.1 Installing the Instrument

Also be sure to maintain sufficient clearance for connecting measurement cables, and opening and closing the cover of the built in printer.

Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Ambient temperature: 5–35°C Ambient humidity: 80% RH or lower (no condensation present)

Note

Condensation may occur if the instrument is moved to another place where the ambient temperature is higher, or if the temperature changes rapidly. In such cases, allow sufficient time for the instrument to adjust to the ambient temperature before use. When the instrument is packaged in a box and moved, prevent condensation by allowing sufficient time for the instrument to acclimatize before removing it from the box.

Do Not Install the Instrument in the Following Places

• Outdoors.

• Dangerous locations where flammable or explosive gasses, vapors, or dust is present, or where the possibility of explosions or fires exists.

• In direct sunlight or near heat sources.

Where an excessive amount of soot, steam, dust, or corrosive gas is present.

•

• Location where mechanical vibration is high.

• In an unstable place.

• Where the instrument is exposed to water or other liquids.

General Handling Precautions

• Take Proper Care When Carrying the Instrument

The instrument should always be carried by two people. Hold the instrument by the

handles on the sides of the case. The instrument weighs approximately 20 kg. Take precautions against injuries when carrying it. OFF, remove the power cable, and confirm that no other cables are connected before carrying the instrument.

•

Do Not Place

Never stack instruments or place any other objects on top of the instrument,

especially those containing water. Doing so can lead to malfunction.

• Clean the Instrument Properly

When removing dirt from the case or operation panel, disconn

circuits under test and the instrument, remove the instrument’s power cord from the power outlet, then wipe gently with a clean, dry cloth. Do not use volatile chemicals since this might cause discoloring and deformation.

Anything on Top of the Instrument

Also, always turn the power switch

ect the power to the

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3.2 Connecting a Communication Interface

Connecting the Mouse

You can use a USB or PS/2 mouse.

Supported USB Mouse

The instrument can support a USB HID Class Ver. 1.1 compliant mouse (with wheel).

Connections

The USB mouse is connected to the USB interface on the front panel of the instrument.

Confirm that MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel is OFF.

Orient the USB mouse connector in the proper direction so that it is perpendicular

to the USB port on the front panel, and insert it into the port.

Note

• There are two USB ports, but do not connect a mouse to each port at the same time.

• In addition to a mouse, you can connect a USB storage device.

Supported PS/2 Mouse

The PS/2 wheel mouse by Microsoft® Corporation is recommended for this instrument.

Preparing for Measurement

Connections

The PS/2 mouse is connected to the KBD interface (PS/2 terminal) on the rear panel of the instrument through the keyboard.

Confirm that the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel is OFF.

Orient the keyboard with the PS/2 mouse terminal to match the direction of the

connector, then connect to the KBD interface on the rear panel.

Connect the PS/2 mouse to the PS/2 terminal on the keyboard.

Note

The default for the PS/2 terminal is the keyboard. To attach a PS/2 mouse directly without going through the keyboard requires a splitter cable.

For instructions on using the mouse, see section 4.2.

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TRIGGERINTRIGGER

OUT

ANALOG

OUT

GP-IB1

( IEEE488.1/488.2

)

IB2

( IEEE488.1

)

(

FOR TLS,ETC.

)

WARNING

Do no t op era te wi th ou t r ea din g th e safet y pr eca ut ion s in th e use r’ s man ua l.

SERIAL

(

232

)

ETHERNET

10/100BASE

VIDEO

OUT

( SVGA

)

KBD

USB

KBD connector

3.2 Connecting a Communication Interface

Connecting a Keyboard

You can connect a keyboard for entering file names, comments, and other items. Also, the functions and settings of the instrument are assigned to keyboard keys, allowing you to manipulate them with a keyboard just as you would by using the instrument’s panel keys.

Supported Keyboards

The instrument supports any 101 English keyboard.

Connections

Connect the keyboard to the KBD connector (PS/2 terminal) on the rear panel of the instrument.

Confirm that the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel is OFF.

Orient the PS/2 keyboard to match the direction of the connector, then connect to

the KBD connector on the rear panel.

For information on operations using the keyboard, see section 4.2.

3-4

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Connecting a USB Storage Device

USB

POWER

USB connector

Supported USB Storage Devices

The instrument supports USB memory (USB card adapters). You cannot use a USB storage device not recognized by the instrument. If the USB storage device’s drive is partitioned, only the primary partition (F:) is recognized. If there are two or more USB storage devices, only the first connected device is recognized. If you restart the instrument, it the USB storage devices that were connected will still be recognized.

Connections

Connect the USB storage device to the USB connector on the front panel of the instrument.

3.2 Connecting a Communication Interface

Preparing for Measurement

Removing

See section 8.1. (Using the REMOVE USB STORAGE soft key.)

CAUTION

Do not remove the USB storage device or turn the power OFF while the USB storage device access indicator is blinking. This can damage the data on the device or the device itself.

Connecting with Other Devices

You can use the GP-IB, RS-232C, or Ethernet interface to connect other external instruments to the AQ6373. For details, see the user’s manual of the relevant instrument.

Note

When connecting a GP-IB instrument such as an external computer, or a CRT or other display to the instrument, always turn OFF the power to the instrument and the instruments to be connected first. Leaving the power ON while making connections can damage the equipment.

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3-5

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Before Connecting the Power

Take the following precautions before turning on the power supply. Failure to do so can result in electric shock or damage to instruments.

WARNING

• Before connecting the power cord, ensure that the power supply source voltage

matches the rated supply voltage of the instrument and that it is within the maximum rated voltage of the provided power cord.

•

Check that the instrument’

cord.

o prevent the possibility of electric shock or fire, always be sure to use the

• T

power cord supplied for the instrument by YOKOGAWA.

• Make sure to implement protective earth grounding to prevent

Connect the instrument’s power cord into a three-prong electrical outlet with a protective grounding terminal. The AC outlet must be of a three-prong type with a protective earth ground terminal.

•

Do not use an extension cord without protective earth ground.

protection function will be compromised.

• Use an outlet that is compatible with the accessory power cord

connect protective grounding. Do not use the instrument if the power outlet does not provide appropriate protective grounding.

s power switch is OFF before connecting the power

electric shock.

Otherwise, the

, and be sure to

Preparing to Turn ON the Power

The AQ6373 has a MAIN POWER switch for turning the main power ON/OFF, and a POWER switch for starting and shutting down the instrument. The POWER switch is a

push-button switch; press once to turn it ON and press again to turn it OFF.

•

Confirm that the MAIN POWER

• Connect the power cord plug to the power connector on the re

• Connect the other end of the cord to an outlet that meets the following conditions. Use a grounded three-prong outlet.

Item

Rated supply voltage* 100 VAC to 240 VAC Permitted supply voltage range 90 VAC to 264 VAC Rated power supply frequency 50/60 Hz Permitted supply frequency range 48 Hz to 63 Hz Maximum power consumption Approx. 150 VA

This instrument can use a 100 V or a 200 V power supply

according to the type of power cord. Before you use the instrument, check that the voltage supplied to it is less than or equal to the maximum rated voltage of the power cord provided with it (see page ii for the maximum voltage rating).

Before replacing a fuse, always turn the MAIN POWER switch OFF and remove the

•

power cord from the power outlet.

switch on the rear panel of the instrument is OFF.

CAUTION

Do not input a strong light source to the instrument when turning the power ON. If a strong light source is input, the optical section can be damaged.

ar panel.

. The maximum rated voltage differs

3-6

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Power On and Screen Display

OFF

MAIN POWER

100

240V

150VA

MAX

50/60Hz

FUSE

250V

3-prong outlet

Power cord (accessory)

3-2 prong adapter (Japan only)

Protective grounding terminal

OFF

MAIN POWER

100

- 240V

150VA

MAX

50/60Hz

FUSE

250V

USB

POWER

Connect the power cord to the power cord connector on the back side of the

instrument.

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Turn ON the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument. The

POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument lights orange.

Press the POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument. The color of

the switch turns from orange to green. The operating system starts up, and initialization of the instrument begins.

Preparing for Measurement

CAUTION

IM AQ6373-01EN

The initialization screen appears, and the internal initialization process starts. STEP

1/9 through STEP 9/9 are displayed in the lower right part of the screen to indicate the progress of initialization.

Do not press the POWER or MAIN POWER switches while initialization is in progress. Doing so can cause malfunction.

3-7

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Operations Performed When the Power Is Turned On

If initialization finishes successfully, a message appears prompting you to execute wavelength calibration and alignment adjustment.

The contents of the message are as follows.

For this instrument to meet its specification, a Wavelength Calibration and an

Optical Alignment Adjustment must be performed. Please perform these operations according to the guidelines below.

Alignment Adjustment

Always perform alignment adjustment the first time you use the instrument, if

the instrument was vibrated when being moved, or if the temperature in the operating environment has changed. Perform the alignment adjustment after a one-hour warm-up.

avelength Calibration

Be sure to perform a wavelength calibration using an external light source

before starting measurement (a warm-up of one hour is also required prior to measurement). Unless the W

avelength Calibration is carried out, the wavelength

accuracy of the instrument cannot be guaranteed.

When the Power-on Operation Does Not Finish Normally

Turn off the power switch, and check that :

• The instrument is installed properly. See section 3.1, "installing the instrument."

• The power cord is connected properly. See the previous page.

If the instrument still does not work properly, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer

for repairs.

If an error occurs in the memory or some other part of the instrument during

initialization, the AQ6370C will stop running with "STEP @ / 9" showing on the screen (where @ is a number between I and 9).

If this occurs, repairs are necessary. Contact your nearest

immediately.

YOKOGAWA dealer

3-8

Note

• See section 3.5 for details on the alignment adjustment operation, and 3.6 for wavelength calibration.

• The instrument “remembers” measurement conditions, selected soft keys, waveforms being displayed, and other information. When the power is turned ON, the state of the instrument prior to the last shut down is restored. When the power is turned ON for the first time, the instrument starts up in the factory default state.

IM AQ6373-01EN

Explanation

Screen when the instrument was not shut down

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

If the shutdown procedure was not performed after the previous session, the following message appears after start up. Failure to properly shut down the instrument can result in damage to the monochromator. When turning OFF the power, always perform the shut down procedure. Press any key to clear this message.

Turning the Power OFF

CAUTION

Press the POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument. A shut down

confirmation message is displayed along with the YES and NO soft keys.

Press the YES soft key. The message, “AQ6373 is shutting down. Please wait...”

appears, and shut-down begins. If you do not wish to shut down, press the NO soft key. The screen returns to the original soft key menu.

After the POWER switch changes from green to orange, turn OFF the MAIN

POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument.

Do not cut the power to the instrument with the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel when an operation is in progress. The operating system configuration file will not be backed up, possibly resulting in malfunctions upon start up the next time the instrument is turned ON. Always use the above procedure to shut down.

You can also shut down the instrument using panel keys and soft keys.

Press SYSTEM.

Press the MORE soft key three times. The SYSTEM 4/4 screen is displayed.

Press the SHUT DOWN soft key.

Press the YES soft key. Shut down begins.

After the POWER switch changes from green to orange, turn OFF the MAIN

POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument.

Preparing for Measurement

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3-9

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Note

If for some reason the instrument fails to shut down normally, hold down the for approximately four seconds or longer to force standby mode. Note that the operating system configuration file will not be backed up, possibly resulting in malfunctions upon start up the next time the instrument is turned on.

POWER

switch

3-10

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3.4 Connecting the DUT

FC type optical connector

Cap

Procedure

Connecting Optical Fibers

Clean the tip of the optical fiber with a fiber cleaner.

Open the instrument’s optical input connector cover.

Connect the optical fiber’s optical connector to the optical input connector on the

instrument.

CAUTION

• Before connecting an optical fiber to the instrument, make sure that the start-up initialization process has finished. If a strong light source is input during start-up, the optical section can be damaged.

•

Be sure to clean the tip of the optical fiber

• Do not try to forcefully attach the optical fiber’s optical connector with the plug inserted at a slanted angle. Doing so may damage the instrument’s optical connector’s components or the connector itself.

•

Before connecting the input light, make sure that it does not ex

AQ6373’s maximum rated level. If input light exceeding the maximum rated level

is introduced, the optical section may be damaged.

• Press the optical connector hard against the cleaning surface cleaner to clean it. If it is not pressed hard against the cleaning surface, it may not be possible to properly clean the optical connector.

• Do not exhale or blow compressed air into the monochromato input. Doing so may allow dust or other materials to enter the monochromator, adversely affecting its optical performance. Also, if debris is adhering to the optical components inside the monochromator when a strong light source is input, the monochromator may be damaged.

Preparing for Measurement

’s optical connector before connecting.

ceed the

of the special

r from the optical

Optical Connectors Types

The instrument can use FC (PC) type optical connectors.

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3-11

AQ6373

Light source

Optical fiber

3.4 Connecting the DUT

Setting the optical fiber core size

Press SETUP. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu switches.

Press the FIBER CORE SIZE soft key. Pressing the key repeatedly toggles

between SMALL and LARGE. If the core diameter of the fiber under test is 100

m or less, choose SMALL. If larger than 100 µm, choose LARGE.

Connecting the DUT (Light Source)

Clean the top of the optical connector on the other end of the optical fiber with a

fiber cleaner.

Connect the optical connector on the other end of the optical fiber to the optical

connector on the DUT.

Measuring System

3-12

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3.5 Alignment Adjustment

GI optical fiber (50/125 µm)

AQ6373

WARNING

The instrument has a built-in reference light source for alignment adjustments, and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

Procedure

Turn the power to the instrument ON. Turn ON the MAIN POWER switch and

press the POWER switch. For instructions on turning the power ON and OFF, see section 3.3.

Use a 50/125 µm GI optical fiber to connect the instrument’s optical input

connector with the optical output connector. Length: Up to 10 m.

Preparing for Measurement

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the OPTICAL ALIGNMENT soft key.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Alignment adjustment is automatically executed.

Adjustment finishes a few minutes thereafter, and you are returned to the original screen.

Press the CANCEL soft key to cancel alignment adjustment partway through the

process.

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3-13

3.5 Alignment Adjustment

Note

• Always use the reference light source built in to the instrument for alignment adjustments. Alignment adjustments will be incorrect if an external light source is used.

• The alignment adjustment has no effect if the process is stopped. The instrument remains in the state prior to execution of the alignment adjustment.

• Correct alignment adjustment may not be obtained with optical fibers other than 50/125 µm GI.

3-14

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3.6 Wavelength Calibration

Light source

Optical fiber

AQ6373

Procedure

Wavelength Calibration Using the External Light Source

The user can calibrate the instrument using a third-party light source. However, the following light sources cannot be used for wavelength calibration.

• If the set wavelength is not the same as that of the calibration

• If the wavelength error of the instrument is outside of ±0.5 nm. (Readjustment required. Please contact your nearest Yokogawa representative.)

• If the level of the light source used for calibration is -40 dBm or less.

Connecting the External Light Source

Turn the power to the instrument ON.

Press the MAIN POWER switch and press the POWER switch.

For instructions on turning the power ON and OFF, see section 3.3.

Use a single mode optical fiber to connect the external light source’s optical

output connector with the optical input connector.

Preparing for Measurement

light source.

Note

• Use a 5/125 µm single mode optical fiber.

• If a large diameter core optical fiber must be used, choose one with a core diameter of 100 µm or less. Correct wavelength calibration may not be obtained when the core diameter is larger than 100 µm.

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3-15

3.6 Wavelength Calibration

Setting the Calibration Wavelength Value of External Light Source

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the WL CALIBRATION soft key.

Press the EXECUTE LASER soft key. A screen for specifying the wavelength of

the external light source is displayed.

When entering a calibration wavelength value on the instrument

Select the laser wavelength value using the rotary knob or the arrow keys. The

allowed wavelength range is 350–1200 nm.

Press nm/ENTER. The wavelength value is set.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

wavelength calibration process.

3-16

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3.6 Wavelength Calibration

Using the Instrument’s Internal Calibration Wavelength Value

Press the CALIB WL SELECT soft key. The soft key menu changes to show

wavelength values.

Press the soft key corresponding to the appropriate wavelength value.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

wavelength calibration process.

Preparing for Measurement

Note

• Always perform wavelength calibration after turning ON the power to the instrument and allowing the warm-up to finish.

• If you are using this instrument for the first time or using it after it has been severely shaken while being moved, you must perform the alignment adjustment procedure after warm-up ends.

• It is not necessary to perform calibration on multiple wavelengths. If calibration is performed on multiple wavelengths, only the results from the final calibration are applied.

• When performing wavelength calibration, specify on the instrument whether the wavelength is in the air or in a vacuum. The wavelength measurement will be erroneous if the setting is incorrect. The default is wavelength in a vacuum. The wavelength value of an external light source is set as a wavelength in a vacuum. For wavelengths in the air, change the setting. For the procedure, see section 5.2.

Initializing the wavelength calibration value

If you fail to set the calibration wavelength value, the data is cleared. For the procedure, see section 9.2, “Data Initialization”

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3-17

3.6 Wavelength Calibration

Calibration Table

Editing the User Calibration table. (Wavelength)

Editing the User Calibration table. (Level)

Press SYSTEM.

Press the WL OFFSET TABLE soft key. The wavelength calibration table appears

along with a soft key menu for editing calibration values.

Press arrow soft keys to move the cursor to the wavelength to be edited, then

press the WL EDIT soft key. A screen for entering numerical values is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric keypad.

Press ENTER.

Note

Normally, it is not necessary to use this function.

Press SYSTEM.

Press the LVL OFFSET TABLE soft key. The level calibration table appears along

with a soft key menu for editing calibration values.

Press arrow soft keys to move the cursor to the wavelength to be edited, then

press the LEVEL EDIT soft key. A screen for entering numerical values is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric keypad.

Press ENTER.

Explanation

Note

Normally, it is not necessary to use this function.

Instrument’s Internal Calibration Wavelength Value

The wavelength value displayed in the soft key menu is for in the air or in a vacuum depending on the measurement wavelength setting on the instrument.

Measurement Wavelength Setting List

Wavelength in the air Wavelength in a vacuum

441.565nm 441.690nm

487.986nm 488.123nm

632.816nm 632.991nm

1152.274nm 1152.589nm

3-18

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3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Types of Optical Fibers

In addition to single mode optical fibers with core diameters of 5 to 9.5 μm, and multimode (GI) optical fibers with core diameters of 50 and 62.5 μm, the instrument can

use large core size optical fibers of up to 800 mm. Functions may be limited or restricted depending on which type of optical fiber is used. The table below shows which of the typical types of fiber may be used and the limitations on their use.

Limitations on Wavelength Resolution

The maximum wavelength resolution for the instrument is 0.01 nm, which is only

obtainable when using a single-mode optical fiber with a core diameter of 9.5 μm or less,

and when measuring within a measurement wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. As shown in Table, the maximum wavelength resolution decreases when outside of this measurement wavelength range or when optical fibers with thicker core diameters are used. Setting a resolution value finer than those shown in the table below will simply result in an inaccurate measurement level without improving resolution. Optical fibers with a thick core diameter are especially useful for inputting spatial light for measurement, but they have poor resolution. Choose the best type of optical fiber for your particular application.

Preparing for Measurement

Note that the instrument is designed for input through optical fiber only. It will not work with inputs that do not pass through optical fiber, such as direct input of a gas laser beam to the optical input connector, or bonding an LED to the optical input connector. It is important to note that optical spectrum measurements taken through such inputs are completely unreliable. For spatial light measurements, input the spatial light to the optical fiber and from the optical fiber to the instrument. A variety of adapters are available for this purpose.

Summary of usable optical fiber types and usage limitatio

Optical Fiber Obtained Wavelength Absolute Level CORE SIZE Type Core Diameter (in

SM 5 0.02 OK* SMALL

9.5 0.02 NG SMALL

SM GI 50 0.05 NG SMALL GI 62.5 0.05 NG SMALL SI 50 0.05 NG SMALL SI 80 0.10 NG SMALL SI 100 0.20 NG SMALL SI 200 0.50 NG LARGE SI 400 1.00 NG LARGE SI 800 2.00 NG LARGE

* Calibrated at 850 nm.

m) Resolution (in nm) Accuracy Setting

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3-19

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Input Optical Fiber Numerical Aperture (NA) and Level Measurement Values

Level measurement error can occur in the instrument depending on the numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber connected to the input connector. The instrument’s

absolute level is calibrated using a 9.5/125 μm single-mode optical fiber (typical 0.14

NA).

Absolute Level Accuracy

The instrument’s absolute level is calibrated with a 5 μm single-mode optical fiber.

In terms of actual capability, even single-mode optical fibers that do not have a core

diameter of 9.5 μm provide nearly the same level of accuracy.

Multimode (GI) fiber provides a relatively accurate spectrum if the light source is lowcoherent light such as white light, natural light, or an LED. If the light source has high coherency as in the case of a laser beam, interference will occur inside the optical fiber, and the intensity distribution of light radiating from the fiber tip will vary according to the fiber form. As a result, the spectrum (measurement level) may fluctuate if the fiber is moved. When an optical fiber with a large core diameter or large NA value is used, a low fraction of the light emitted from the optical fiber is received. Therefore, the measurement level is lower than the true value, but the optical spectrum is accurate in relative terms.

Level Accuracy below the Cutoff Wavelength (Short Wavelength) of a Connected Optical Fiber

With wavelengths at or below the cutoff level of the connected fiber, light propagates through the optical fiber in multiple modes. When high-coherent light from a light source such as a gas laser or DFB-LD light source propagates in multiple modes, speckle noise contained in the optical fiber output light may become unstable by the optical fiber’s form, resulting in an inaccurate measurement level. In such cases, improving the coupling between the light source and the optical fiber will lessen the level inaccuracy.

3-20

Measurement Sensitivity and Vertical Axis Effective Range

When the measurement sensitivity is set to NORMAL HOLD, the internal amplifier has a fixed gain. Five different gains are set automatically according to the reference (REF) level setting. However, the effective range of measurement data is limited to the following range, using the reference (REF) level (dBm) as a reference.

REF-20 dBm < (effective range) < REF+10 dBm

If the level scale is set to 10 dB/DIV, the display would exceed the effective range, so the areas at 10 dB from the screen stop and 20 dB from the bottom are inaccurate. When measurement sensitivity is set to NORMAL HOLD, we recommend setting the level scale to 5 dB/DIV or less. Under the measurement sensitivity settings NORMAL AUTO, MID, and HIGH 1–3, an automatic gain is used, permitting measurements over a wide level range through a single sweep. Select the appropriate sensitivity level based on the light reception level required for the particular measurement application.

Brightness of the installation location

The instrument’s shielding specifications indicate use in common office or factory environments (with illumination of 300 to 1000 Ix). Therefore, depending on the illumination in the installation location, the instrument may receive some ambient light which can affect measurements of light with small level measurement values. In such cases, turn lights around the instrument Off to reduce inaccuracies.

IM AQ6373-01EN

Waveform with CHOP MODE OFF CHOP MODE set to SWITCH

Waveform with CORE SIZE SMALL CORE SIZE set to LARGE

Stray Light from the Monochromator

Selecting CHOP MODE The instrument has a newly designed, high-performance monochromator. Depending on the measurement conditions, stray light at a level 30 to 50 dB below the original spectrum, as well as other stray light specific to the monochromator may occur in wavelength areas 100 to 200 nm from the peak wavelength. If this stray light is likely to have a severe impact on measurements, the sensitivity can be set to HIGH 1–3 and CHOP MODE can be set to CHOP or SWITCH in order to reduce the effects of the stray light.

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Preparing for Measurement

 

CHOP MODE Function List

CHOP MODE

Measurement according to the stray light.

OFF

Stray light suppression ratio: 40 dB or more

Two sweeps per measurement

are performed. The rst sweep

measures the stray light

SWITCH

Selecting

component, and high dynamic measurement is possible through subtraction. Stray light suppression ratio: 60 dB or more

FIBER CORE SIZE

When LARGE is selected, the stray light increases.

Function Merit Defect

Measurement time is rapid even for high sensitivity measurements.

measurement can be taken with stray light removed.

Since the stray light is also measured, the low level component is not accurate if the light source is of high power.

If the measurement duration

is long, it is inuenced by

temporal changes in the measured light.

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3-21

Order switching point

First order light

Division of diffraction orders

A: 450nm B: 470nm

Second order light

350nm 1200nm

A: Switches at 450 nm when the center wavelength is set to 460 nm or higher B: Switches at 470 nm when the center wavelength is set to less than 460 nm or A: Switches at 480 nm when the center wavelength is set to 490 nm or higher B: Switches at 500 nm when the center wavelength is set to less than 490 nm

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Waveforms when set to high resolution

When the resolution is set high (to 0.01 nm or 0.020 nm) for measurements of a light source such as a DFB laser in which with the spectral width is narrower than the instrument’s resolution, very small spikes may occur at the skirts of the waveform. This type of spike occurs due to characteristics of the optical block and is not an indication of any problem. Even if such spikes occur, satisfactory performance in terms of resolution, dynamic range, and the like can be ensured. These spikes will disappear if the resolution is set to a coarser value.

Switching the diffraction order or high order optical cut filter during a sweep

There are times when the diffraction order or high order optical cut filter is switched from the sweep interval. All switching is performed automatically. When sweeping a range including a switching point, the sweep pauses after reaching (measuring) the switching point, then the filter/order is switched, the sweep parameter (grating speed, etc.) is calculated, and sweeping resumes.

Switching of the Diffraction Order The instrument can measure wider bandwidths by changing the diffraction order according to the wavelength to be measured. The instrument switches between second and first order diffracted light for its measurements. The division of orders is shown in the figure below.

When the order is switched, the effective resolution changes. Thus, when measuring a light source having an optical spectrum with a wide wavelength range, the measurement level becomes discontinuous at the point where the order is switched, and steps can

3-22

occur. To keep these steps as far as possible from the center of the screen, the switching point changes according to the center wavelength setting as shown in the figure above.

IM AQ6373-01EN

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

These waveform steps caused by the changes in effective resolution can be corrected by using the following functions.

• Power Density Display function When the Power Density Display function is ON, the level axis

density per nanometer. That is, it is corrected to be able to obtain a constant measured value regardless of the setting resolution. In this case, the waveform steps are eliminated because the change in effective resolution occurring at the order switching point is also corrected to power density per nanometer.

•

Resolution Correction function

When the Resolution Correction function is ON, measured dat

the software so that the set resolution of each wavelength matches the effective resolution. In this case, the waveform steps are eliminated because the amount of change in effective resolution occurring at the order switching point is also corrected so that the effective resolution is constant at each wavelength.

shows the power

a is processed by

Switching High Order Optical Cut Filters

The instrument uses optical filters to cut orders of light that are higher and lower than the orders to be measured. Therefore, the higher and lower orders of light not to be measured are kept to lower levels than those in the correct optical spectrum. There are three types of optical filters. Because the filter is switched for each wavelength band, there is a maximum of two filter switching locations during a single sweep. The filter switching wavelengths are shown in the table.

Preparing for Measurement

Filter Switching Wavelengths

Filter switching point Switching wavelength

1 450 nm when the center wavelength is set to 460 nm or higher

470 nm when the center wavelength is set to less than 460 nm or 480 nm when the center wavelength is set to 490 nm or higher 500 nm when the center wavelength is set to less than 490 nm

It is impossible to completely eliminate the unwanted higher and lower orders of light by using optical filters. The formation of “false” spectra from the unwanted higher and lower orders is suppressed, but not entirely. Therefore it is important to know where “false” spectra (hereinafter ghost spectra) can appear.

The figure on the following page contains a graph showing the relationship between wavelengths as they appear on screen and their actual wavelengths. The horizontal axis represents the wavelength as displayed on screen, and the vertical axis represents the actual wavelength. The lines on the graph show the correspondence between displayed and actual wavelengths. The bold line is the correct optical spectrum correspondence (naturally, the displayed and actual wavelengths match), and the other lines show the correspondences with the high and low order light–induced ghost spectra. The numbers appearing next to the thin lines indicate how much the ghost is suppressed relative to the correct optical spectrum. Note that these values are approximate, and are not guaranteed. For example, when a 400 nm light is input, if a horizontal line is drawn from 400 nm on the vertical axis, a wavelength is displayed at points where the line crosses one of the lines on the graph. From this you can see that a ghost can appear at 800 nm in addition to the correct optical spectrum at 400 nm. Also, you can see that this ghost is suppressed down to a level of 40 dB or lower relative to the correct optical spectrum.

690 nm when the center wavelength is set to 695 nm or higher 700 nm when the center wavelength is set to less than 695 nm

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3-23

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Wavelength displayed on screen(nm)

Actual wavelength(nm)

40 dB

40d B

15 dB

35 dB

40 dB

20 dB

30 dB

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Relationship between displayed and actual wavelength

3-24

IM AQ6373-01EN

This is a normal soft key. Press to execute its function immediately.

Contains a submenu. Indicates that there is a submenu of additional items related to the current item. Press to display the submenu.

A separate window will be displayed. Press to display a separate window in the screen for entry of numerical parameters. A submenu and separate window will be displayed.

Press to move to the submenu and display a separate window. This softkey returns to the previous menu.

Press to display the previous soft key menu. This is a selection soft key.

Select one of the soft keys connected with the black band. When selected, the soft key is displayed in reverse video. Several soft keys can be connected.

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

When you press a function key, the soft key menu (inside the screen) located on the right side of the screen changes. The soft key menus are designed to provide a certain level intuitiveness, with the individual soft keys having particular forms which make them easy to understand.

Forms and Behavior

Common Operations

IM AQ6373-01EN

4-1

4-2

IM AQ6373-01EN

LEVEL

MORE 1 / 2

LEVEL

RETURN LEVEL

MORE 2 / 2 Y SCALE SETTING

REF LEVEL

***.*dBm

LEVEL UNIT

dBm dBm/nm

LIN SCALE

PEAK →REF LEVEL

LIN BASE LEVEL

**.*mW

Y SCALE SETTING

Y SCALE DIVISION

8 / 10 / 12

LOG SCALE

**.*dB/D

AUTO REF LEVEL

OFF / ON

SUB REF LVL POSITION

**DIV

AUTO SUB SCALE

OFF / ON

LENGTH

**.***km

SCALE MIN

**.*%

SUB SCALE

**.*%/D

SUB SCALE

**.*dB/km

SUB LIN

*.***/D

**.*dB/D

REF LEVEL POSITION

**DIV

LEVEL 1/2

LEVEL 2/2

The LEVEL soft key menu is split into two parts. This key switches between the menus. In addition, in some cases this may change to a function that closes the window. For example, when the MORE 1/2 soft key is pressed, the menu changes to the LEVEL 2/2 soft key menu, and the key display changes to MORE 2/2.

Shows the submenu of the soft key menu. In this example, the soft key menu is within the Y SCALE SETTING submenu (for display only, no keys are available).

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

Display Examples

4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

Using the Mouse

With a connected mouse you can perform the same operations as with the instrument's panel keys. Also, if you move the mouse pointer over the item in the menu screen that you wish to select and click it, the instrument responds exactly as if you had pressed the corresponding soft key. The USB mouse is connected to the USB interface on the front panel of the instrument. For instructions on connecting the mouse, see section 3.3.

Operations the Same as the Panel Keys

Displaying the Top Menu

Right-click the mouse in the screen. The names of the front panel keys in the instrument's FUNCTION section are displayed.

CENTER SPAN LEVEL SWEEP ZOOM SETUP TRACE DISPLAY MARKER PEAK SEARCH ANALYSIS USER MEMORY FILE PROGRAM ADVANCE SYSTEM UNDO/LOCAL COPY FEED HELP

Common Operations

Selecting Items

Move the pointer to the item you wish to select and click. A setting menu for the selected item appears. The list of front panel key names disappears.

Clearing the List of Front Panel Keys

Move the pointer away from the list of front panel keys and click.

Operations the Same as the Soft Keys

Selecting Functions from the Soft Key Menu

Move the pointer to the soft key you wish to select and click. A screen corresponding to the action of the soft key appears.

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4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

Using the External Keyboard

The functions of each of the front panel keys of the instrument are assigned to keyboard keys, allowing you to manipulate them with a keyboard just as you would by using the instrument's panel keys. The panel key correspondence table below shows the correspondences between the panel keys and the keys on the keyboard. Also, you can directly enter labels, file names, and numbers.

Panel Key Correspondence Table

Type Function External

Sweep SWEEP [SHIFT]+[F1] Executes/sets sweep

Meas. settings

Display

FUNCTION

Soft keys F1 to F9 F1 to F9 Depends on FUNCTION menu

Auxiliary keys

DATA ENTRY

settings Analysis functions

Other

CENTER [SHIFT]+[F2] Sets measurement center

SPAN [SHIFT]+[F3] Sets measurement span LEVEL [SHIFT]+[F4] Sets level axis SETUP [SHIFT]+[F5] Sets resolution, sensitivity, etc. TRACE [SHIFT]+[F6] Sets trace ZOOM [SHIFT]+[F7] Sets display scale DISPLAY [SHIFT]+[F8] Sets screen display MARKER [SHIFT]+[F9] Sets marker SEARCH [SHIFT]+[F10] PEAK/BOTTOM search function ANALYSIS [SHIFT]+[F11] Sets analysis function USER [ALT]+[F1] User settings menu MEMORY [ALT]+[F2] Memory FILE [ALT]+[F3] Saves/opens files, file actions PROGRAM [ALT]+[F4] Program Functions ADVANCE [ALT]+[F5] Advanced functions SYSTEM [ALT]+[F6] System settings

UNDO/LOCAL [ALT]+[F9] Local: UNDO function

COPY [ALT]+[F10] Screen copy FEED [ALT]+[F11] Feeds internal printer paper HELP [ALT]+[F12] Displays Help (use UNDO/

Numeric keypad 0123456789.- Numeric value input BACK SPACE Back Space Deletes one character from input

um/ENTER None Confirms entry nm/ENTER ENTER Confirms entry Rotary knob [→],[←] Changes numeric values/items Arrow keys

([UP][DOWN]) COARSE [ALT]+[N] Switches between fine and

Description

Keyboard

wavelength

Remote: Returns to the local state.

LOCAL to exit Help)

value

[↑],[↓] Numeric value one-step

change, item change, table scrolling

coarse encoder

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

DATA ENTRY

COARSE

BACK

SPASE

nm/

ENTER

Numeric keypad

Arrow keys

Rotary knob

Entering Numerical Values

You can use the numeric keypad, rotary knob, or arrow keys in the DATA ENTRY section.

Press the soft key of a parameter. The currently set value is shown in the

parameter input window.

Direct Entry Using the Numeric Keypad

Press a numeric keypad key. The numeric keypad input area appears, and the

number of the pressed key is displayed.

After entering a numerical value, press the μm/ENTER or nm/ENTER key

depending on the unit of the input parameter. The value in the numeric keypad input area appears in the parameter input window, and is set internally. If a parameter does not have a unit associated with it, you can use either the μm/ ENTER or nm/ENTER key.

If you make an error when inputting values with the numeric keypad:

Press BACK SPACE. The last (right-most) entered character in the numeric

keypad input area is removed, allowing entry of the correct character.

Common Operations

Note

• If the value entered with the numeric keypad is not in the allowed value range, the nearest allowed value will be set.

• By holding the BACK SPACE key down, you can erase the entire entry in the numeric keypad input area and make the numeric keypad input area disappear, returning to the condition preceding numeric keypad input.

Entry Using the Rotary Knob and Arrow Keys

Continuing on from step 1, turn the rotary knob, or press an arrow key. The

currently set value is changed.

When you press the COARSE key the digit of the setting to be changed rises,

or the numeric value increase/decrease step increases. Press the COARSE key again to restore the previous digit/step.

When COARSE is selected, the COARSE key lights.

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Move cursor to right

Move cursor to left

Insert character

Delete character

Delete all characters

Enter characters

Manipulate preset word

Finalize entry

Discard changes

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

Entering Strings

Character strings can be entered from the character selection area displayed on screen using the rotary knob and soft keys.

Entry Procedure

The following is an example of entering a label.

Press DISPLAY. The soft key menu for the screen display appears.

Press the LABEL soft key. The text selection area and label entry area are

displayed.

Move the cursor to the character in the character selection area that you wish

to enter. Use the rotary knob or arrow keys to move the cursor in the character selection area.

Press the ENTER soft key. The character selected at the cursor position in the

label input area is displayed.

To move the cursor, or insert or delete a character in the label input area, press

the corresponding soft key.

When the character string is entered, press the DONE soft key. The input

character string is entered.

Note

• In addition to when pressing DISPLAY, the character input screen appears whenever a string must be entered on the instrument, such as when entering a file name for saving a file.

• Numerical input can be performed directly from the numeric key pad.

4.4 Screen Display

Transparent

Display

Changing the

Display Colors

Procedure

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE 1/4 soft key two times. The soft key menu switches to the MORE

3/4 screen.

Setting the Number of Displayed Digits for Level Data

Press the LEVEL DISP DIGIT soft key. The digit setting menu is displayed.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired number of digits.

1DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 1 digits. 2DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 2 digits. 3DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 3 digits.

Common Operations

Transparent Display

Continuing on from step 2, press the WINDOW TRANSPARENT OFF ON soft

key. Transparent display turns ON or OFF. When ON, the parameter input window and overview display window are displayed transparently.

Changing the Display Colors

Continuing on from step 2, press the COLOR SELECT soft key. The display color

setting menu is displayed.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired display color.

COLOR1 Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 1”. COLOR2 Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 2”. COLOR3 Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 3”. COLOR4 Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 4”. COLOR5 Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 5”. B&W

Sets the screen display color to black-and-white.

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4.5 Setting the Date and Time

The AQ6370B displays the date and time in the upper right corner of the screen. This information is used when outputting to a printer, or for a time stamp when recording data.

Displaying the Date and Time Dialog Box

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE soft key two times. The soft key menu switches to the MORE

3/4 screen.

Press the SET CLOCK soft key. The internal clock setting screen is displayed.

Entering the Date and Time

Press the CURSOR -> soft key, then move the cursor to the item you wish to

input. The cursor moves each time you press the soft key.

Press a numeric key button to enter a number.

Press ENTER. The input number is entered.

Changing the Display Format

Press the MO-DY-YR soft key.

The date is displayed in the order Month, Day, Year.

Press the DY-MO-YR soft key.

The date is displayed in the order Day, Month,

Press the YR-MO-DY

The date is displayed in the order Y

Concluding the Settings

Press the RETURN soft key. The settings are concluded, and the screen returns

to the previous stage.

Year.

soft key.

ear, Month, Day.

4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional)

Printer Roll Paper

The printer uses proprietary roll paper. Do not use any other kind of paper. When using the printer for the first time, use the paper included. When the roll paper runs out, order refills from you nearest Yokogawa branch, dealer, or sales office.

Part Number B9988AE Specifications Thermal sensible paper, 10 m Lot qty. 10 rolls

Handling the Roll Paper

This roll paper is thermal-sensible roll paper that changes color through a thermochemical reaction. Therefore, please note the following.

Storage Precautions

Thermal-sensible paper that is being used starts to change color gradually at 70°C. Since it is affected by heat, humidity, light, chemicals, and other factors even when unused or finished being used, the following precautions must be taken.

•

Store the paper in a dry

• Use the paper as quickly as possible after opening the package.

• If plastic film containing plasticizers (such as vinyl chloride film or cellophane tape)

•

If using adhesive on the paper

• When storing printouts for long periods of time, it is recommen

Usage Precautions

• Always use the proprietary roll paper supplied by Yokogawa.

• If handled with sweaty hands, fingerprints can appear, or recorded information can

• If you rub the surface with a hard object, heat from the friction can cause marks to

• If chemicals, oil, or other substances contact the paper

, cool place.

are allowed to come into contact with the paper for long periods of time, recorded items can fade. For example, if storing the printouts in a binder, use one made of polypropylene.

, do not use an adhesive containing alcohol, ethyl, or

other organic compounds. Discoloration can result.

ded to make photocopies. Due to the properties of thermal-sensible paper, recorded portions on the paper can fade.

be smeared.

appear

, discoloration or erasure of

recorded information can occur.

Common Operations

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Printer cover

Handle

Lock release lever

Open the printer cover by lifting it up by the handle on the left side while pressing the lock release lever in the OPEN direction.

Release arm

Movable holder

Move the release arm in the right-front to the MAN FEED position. Orient the roll paper so that the inner side (not the shiny side) faces up. Pushing the movable holder on the left side of the roll paper bin to the left, place the roll into the bin right-side-first, then release the movable holder.

MAN FEED

Turn the feed knob

Roll paper

Release arm

Guide

Roller

Insert the edge of the roll paper evenly between the roller and black-colored guide, then turn the paper feed knob until the edge of the roll paper protrudes about 10 cm from the top of the roller.

FREE

HOLD

Move the release arm to the FREE position, adjust the slack of the roll paper, then move the release arm to the HOLD position. If the arm is left in the FREE or MAN FEED position, a printer error will occur, and printing will be disabled.

Fold the printer cover down toward you to close it. As you close the cover, feed the paper through the paper ejection hole in the cover. Close the cover firmly until you hear a click.

4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional)

Installing Roll Paper

Note

The paper feed can be unstable immediately after the roll paper has been installed. Print out 2 or 3 screen shots before beginning normal use.

Printing

You can output the measured waveforms displayed on screen to the internal printer.

Executing Printing

Press COPY. An image of the current screen is printed on the built-in printer.

Cancelling Printing

Press UNDO/LOCAL.

Feeding Paper

Press FEED. Paper feeding continues as long as you hold down the button.

Note

• If you press COPY during sweeping, sweeping stops. After printing, sweeping starts again.

• If the printer runs out of recording paper during printing or if you press COPY without returning the release arm to the HOLD position, the following warning is displayed: (WARNING 160 : “Printer paper empty”, WARNING 161 : “Printer head up”).

• When printing continuously for a long period of time, the printer head can become hot, causing printer failure. The following warning is displayed: (WARNING 164: “Printer Head Temperature error”). If this warning appears, wait a few minutes and try again. When the printer head cools down, the printing capability will be restored. Avoid printing continuously for long periods of time.

4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional)

Common Operations

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Chapter 5

Mesurement

5.1 Auto Measurement

Procedure

This key automatically sets the optimal measurement conditions for the light source being measured, and performs measurement.

Press SWEEP. The soft key menu regarding sweeping appears.

Press the AUTO soft key. The soft key display reverses, and auto measurement

executes.

Mesurement

Explanation

The wavelength range of input light that can be auto-measured is 350–1200 nm. The following four items are set automatically, after which measurement is performed.

• Center wavelength (CENTER)

•

Sweep width (SPAN)

• Reference level (REF LEVEL)

• Resolution (RESOLUTION)

After performing one auto sweep and setting optimal measurement conditions, a repeat sweep is made for measurement. During the automatic setting, only the following keys are enabled: REPEAT, SINGLE, STOP, and UNDO/LOCAL (when under remote control).

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Procedure

Setting Up the Horizontal Axis

The units of the horizontal axis can be set to wavelength or frequency.

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the HORIZON SCAL nm/THz soft key. The units for the horizontal axis

switch from THz to nm, or viceversa.

Note

Pressing the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key repeatedly toggles between nm and THz.

Setting the Measured Wavelength to Air Wavelength or Vacuum Wavelength

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the MEAS WL AIR VACUUM soft key. The measured wavelength is

changed to either a vacuum wavelength or an air wavelength.

Note

• This function only applies to measurements taken after the setting is selected. Previously measured waveforms are not affected.

• If vacuum wavelength is set, is displayed at the very bottom of the screen in inverse video.

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Setting Up the Vertical Axis

Setting to Log Scale Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

Press the LOG SCALE soft key. The vertical axis is displayed with the currently

specified log scale values. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a log scale value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Mesurement

Setting to Linear Scale Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

Press the LIN SCALE soft key. The vertical axis is displayed with the currently

specified linear scale values.

Press the LIN BASE LEVEL soft key. A screen for setting the lower-end value of

the level scale is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Setting to Power Density Display (Setting Units for the Vertical Axis)

Press LEVEL.

Press the LEVEL UNIT soft key. When the vertical axis is log scale, the

instruments toggle between dBm and dBm/nm each time you press the key. With

a linear scale, it scrolls through nW, μW, mW, or pW, and nW/nm, μW/nm, mW/nm

or pW/nm.

Setting the Number of Vertical Axis Divisions (for LOG SCALE)

Press LEVEL.

Press the LOG SCALE soft key.

Press the Y SCALE SETTING soft key. The level scale setting menu is displayed.

Press the Y SCALE DIVISION soft key. The soft key menu for selecting a number

of divisions is displayed.

Press a soft key corresponding to 8, 10, or 12 divisions. The level axis is

displayed with divisions as selected.

Note

• This is only available when the main scale is a log scale.

• When it is a linear scale, the number of divisions is fixed at 10.

Reference Level Screen Position Setting (for LOG SCALE)

Continuing on from step 3, press the REF LEVEL POSITION soft key. A screen

for setting the screen position of the reference level (REF position) is displayed.

Enter a value starting from the bottom of the screen using the rotary knob, arrow

keys, or numeric key pad. The setting range is 0 to 12. The setting resolution is steps of 1, or steps of 1-2-5 when COARSE is pressed.

Press ENTER.

Note

• This is only available when the main scale is a log scale.

• If the REF position value is larger than the number of divisions, it is forcibly reduced to the number of divisions.

• When using linear scale, the REF position is at the top (fixed to 10 divisions).

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Explanation

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Wavelength Display Mode

• Displays the measured waveform with the wavelength on the X axis.

• The measurement scale and display scale are set based on the wavelength.

• The X axis unit for marker values and analysis function results is wavelength.

Frequency Display Mode

• Displays the measured waveform with the frequency on the X axis.

• The measurement scale and display scale are set based on the frequency.

• The X axis unit for marker values and analysis function results is frequency.

Display Units of the X-Axis and Marker Values

The display unit for the marker value (wavelength or frequency) can be set independently of the waveform display’s horizontal axis units (wavelength or frequency) that were specified using the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key under SETUP. (Default: nm) (This key can be used to enter settings such as frequency display mode on the X axis and wavelength display mode for the marker value.)

Note

The MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting changes in conjunction with the setting of the HORZN SCALE soft key. However, changing the MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting does not change the setting for the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key.

Mesurement

LOG SCALE **.*dB/D

This key switches the vertical axis to LOG display and sets the level scale. The setting range is 0.1 to 10.0 dB/DIV. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1 dB. If you press the COARSE key you can change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps, for example: 1dB/DIV -> 2dB/DIV -> 5dB/DIV. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale. If the value is set to a scale larger than 5 dB/DIV in range fixing mode (SENS:NORMAL/ HOLD) or pulse light measurement mode, the waveform will not be correctly measured in the vertical direction so a warning is displayed.

Measurement Sensitivity and Vertical Axis Effective Range

REF-20 dBm < (effective range) < REF+10 dBm

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

LIN SCALE

This key is used to set the main scale to linear scale. Settings per 1 DIV are set in the reference level.

LIN BASE LEVEL **.*mW

Value when the vertical axis is linear scale, you can set the level scale low-end. This is not available when using a log scale. The setting range is 0.0 to REF level x 0.9. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key. Values can only be set in the instrument set for the REF level. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale. The scale display in the upper left part of the waveform is 1/10 the value (*W/D) of the reference (REF) level minus the low-end (BASE) level. For information on the REF level setting, see section 5.4, "Setting the Reference Level."

LEVEL UNIT dBm dBm/nm

When the vertical axis is log scale, the display toggles between dBm and dBm/nm. dBm: Power per resolution (absolute power) dBm/nm: Power per 1 nm (power density) For information on the use of dBm and dBm/nm, see “Power Density Display” in section

2.2, “Measurement.”

LEVEL UNIT mW mW/nm

When the level axis uses a linear scale, the display switches between nW, μW, mW, or pW (absolute power), and nW/nm, μW/nm, mW/nm or pW/nm (power density).

Power Density Display

In order to deal with this issue, the instrument is equipped with the dBm dBm/nm soft key

to allow the level axis displays to switch from the absolute power (dBm, mW, μW pW) per resolution to power density (dBm/nm, mW/nm, μW/nm, nW/nm, pW/nm).

In the case of power density displays, a measured value is converted to power per 1 nm. Therefore, whatever resolution is used for measurement, certain measured values will always be available. Differences in usage between the absolute power display and the power density display are shown below:

, nW

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Absolute power display: measurement of light sources with narrow spectrum widths, such as gas lasers or laser diodes. Power density display: measurement of light sources with wide spectrum widths, such as natural light or LEDs.

If the subtraction function between traces is used for such cases as A-B(A/B)→C or B-A(B/A)→C, results will be the same whether the absolute power display or the power

density display is used. Since the power measurement function performs different calculations according to the level axis display, correct results will be available whichever display is employed.

Note

Specifications such as level accuracy, measurement level range, and level linearity of the instrument are provided for the absolute power display.

Mesurement

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5.3 Sub Scale

Procedure

The level scale is displayed based on relative values when a differential waveform (based on LOG values) or normalized waveform is displayed. A level scale based on relative values is called a sub scale.

Displaying the Sub Scale

Following section 6.5, “Displaying MATH Waveforms” or section 6.6, “Normalized Display,” you can select a display waveform of differential or normalized.

Automatic Scaling of the Sub Scale

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the AUTO SUB SCALE OFF ON soft key to select ON.

Setting the Sub Scale REF Position

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB REF LVL POSITION soft key. The REF position setting screen is

displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Note

The sub scale is displayed when a differential waveform (based on LOG values) and normalized waveform are displayed. When these waveforms are displayed over a waveform based on absolute values, the absolute value scale is shown on the left and the relative value scale is shown simultaneously on the right. If the left scale (main scale) is changed to LOG (8 DIV) or linear (10 DIV), the sub scale is displayed to correspond to the DIV count on the main scale.

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Log Display of the Sub Scale

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the SUB LOG soft key. The sub scale is displayed with the currently

specified log scale values. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Units to dB/km

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB SCALE **.*dB/km soft key. The instruments of the sub scale

change to dB/km. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

When displaying the loss characteristics of the optical fiber per unit of length (km)

Continuing on from step 5, press the LENGTH soft key. The optical fiber length

entry screen appears.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

5.3 Sub Scale

Mesurement

Setting the Sub Scale Offset Value

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the OFFSET LEVEL soft key. The offset value (sub scale REF value)

setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

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5.3 Sub Scale

Setting the Sub Scale to Linear Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the SUB LIN soft key. The sub scale is displayed with the currently specified

linear scale values. At the same time, the linear scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Units to %/D

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB SCALE **.*%/D soft key. The instruments of the sub scale display

change to %. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Lower-End Value

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SCALE MIN soft key. The sub scale lower end value setting screen is

displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

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Explanation

5.3 Sub Scale

SUB SCALE **.*dB/km

(Setting the sub scale to dB/km) The setting range is 0.1 to 10.0 dB/km. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. If you press the COARSE key you can change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps, for example: 1dB/DIV -> 2cB/DIV -> 5dB/DIV. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

SUB SCALE ***.*%/D

(Sets the sub scale to %.) The setting range is 0.5 to 125 %/D. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

OFFSET LEVEL

(Sets the offset value. This is enabled when the sub scale is dB/D or dB/km. The range that can be set is as follows.) For dB/D: 0–±99.9 dB. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key. For dB/km: 0–± 99.9 dB/km in steps of 0.1.

The value changes in

SCALE MIN

(Sets the scale lower-end value. This is available when the sub scale is LIN or %. The range that can be set is as follows.) For LIN: 0 to the sub scale value (***.*/D) x 10 For %:

0 to the sub scale value (***.*%/D) x 10

LENGTH **.***km

(Sets the length of the optical fiber. This is available when the sub scale is dB/km.) The setting range is 0.001 to 99.999 km. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.001. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key.

AUTO SUB SCALE OFF/ON

(Turns OFF/ON the function for automatically scaling the sub scale following calculation.) When set to ON, during trace C display, SUB LOG or SUB LIN and OFFSET LEVEL change automatically. When these are changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

When set to ON,

is displayed at the bottom of the screen in inverse video.

Mesurement

SUB REF LVL POSITION **DIV

(Sets the sub scale REF position.) The REF position is set at DIV number **, counting from the bottom of the screen. The setting range is 0 to 12. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 1. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key.

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5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Procedure

There are two ways of setting the reference level.

• Press the REF LEVEL soft key.

• Use the one-action key The following explains these procedures.

Settings by Pressing the REF LEVEL Soft Key (Log Scale)

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

When the vertical axis is not using a log scale, press the LOG SCALE soft key. If

a log scale is displayed, continue to step 4.

Press the REF LEVEL soft key. The reference level setting screen is displayed.

Enter a reference value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Note

The vertical axis setting is applied in real time on the waveform display.

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Setting by Pressing the REF LEVEL Soft Key (Linear Scale)

5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

When the vertical axis is not using a linear scale, press the LIN SCALE soft key. If

a linear scale is displayed, continue to step 4.

Press the REF LEVEL soft key. The reference level setting screen is displayed.

Enter a reference value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

When a value is input a soft key menu for selecting the instrument appears.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired units. The reference level is set.

Mesurement

Note

When entered with the rotary knob or arrow keys, the reference level is set using the current

units.

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5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Setting by Using the One-Action Key

Sets the peak level of the waveform as the reference level.

Press LEVEL.

Press the PEAK -> REF LEVEL soft key. The specified reference level is

displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed reference level.

Automatically sets the peak level of the waveform measured every sweep

as the reference level.

Continuing on from step 1, press the AUTO REF LEVEL OFF/ON soft key to

select ON.

Note

• Sets the peak level of the measured waveform of the active trace as the reference level.

• This does not operate if the active trace is not set to WRITE (i.e., if it is set to MAX HOLD, MIN HOLD, CALCULATE, or ROLL AVG).

• When set to ON, is displayed at the bottom of the screen in inverse video.

Sets the moving marker level as the reference level.

Press MARKER.

With the moving marker displayed, press the MARKER-> REF LEVEL soft key.

The specified reference level is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed reference level.

For details on displaying moving markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

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Explanation

Log Scale (REF LEVEL)

Linear Scale (REF LEVEL)

One-Action Keys

5.4 Setting the Reference Level

The setting range for the log scale reference level is -90.0–30.0 dBm. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key.

The setting range for the linear scale reference level is 1.00 pW–1000 mW.

When 1.00 to 9.99 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 0.01. When 10.0 to 99.9 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 0.1. When 100 to 999 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 1.

If you press the COARSE key you can change the setting in 1-2-5 steps,

for example: 1pW -> 2pW -> 5pW -> 10pW -> 20pW. If you make a change such as changing 999 to 1.00 or 1.00 to 999, the instrument will be changed.

(Example: Changing pW to nW or changing nW to pW)

Mesurement

PEAK → REF LEVEL

Sets the peak level of the waveform of the active trace to the reference level. Displays the specified reference level (peak level value) and waveform in the reference level setting screen. The reference level setting can be changed after being set initially. The setting can be changed within the range of -90.0–+30.0 dBm for LOG scale, or 1.00 pW–1000 mW for linear scale. If the peak level value exceeds the allowed range, it is set to the nearest value in the range and a warning is displayed.

MARKER→ REF LEVEL

This key is used to set the moving marker level as the reference level. Displays the specified reference level and waveform in the reference level setting screen. The reference level setting can be changed after being set initially. The setting can be changed within the range of -90.0–+30.0 dBm for LOG scale, or 1.00 pW–1000 mW for linear scale.

If the moving marker value exceeds the allowed range, it is set to the nearest value in the

range and a warning is displayed. In the following states, the MARKER → REF LEVEL

key is disabled.

•

When the moving marker is OFF When both split screens are on HOLD

•

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5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Procedure

The following are three ways of setting the center wavelength (center frequency).

• Press the CENTER WL or CENTER FREQ soft key.

• Press the ST

• Use the one-action key (soft key).

The following explains these procedures.

Setting by Pressing the CENTER WL or CENTER FREQ Soft Key

Press CENTER. The soft key menu for center wavelength or center frequency

appears along with the center wavelength or center frequency setting screen.

Press the CENTER WL soft key for center wavelength or the CENTER FREQ

soft key for center frequency.

Enter a center wavelength or center frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys,

or numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

ART WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ soft key.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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Setting with the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ Soft Key

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Settings

Press CENTER. The soft key menu for center wavelength or center frequency

settings appears.

Setting the Start Wavelength or Start Frequency

Press the START WL soft key for start wavelength or the START FREQ soft

key for start frequency. The start wavelength or start frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a start wavelength or start frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Mesurement

Setting the Stop Wavelength or Stop Frequency

Press the STOP WL soft key for stop wavelength or the STOP FREQ soft key

for stop frequency. The stop wavelength or stop frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a stop wavelength or stop frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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Setting peak to center

Setting THRESH 3dB center to center

Automatic setting

Using zoom scale

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Settings

Setting by Using the One-Action Key

You can set the center wavelength or center frequency by pressing the one-action key one time in the soft key menu that appears when you press CENTER.

Press CENTER.

For the center wavelength setting, when using peak wavelength or peak

frequency, press the PEAK->CENTER soft key. For THRESH 3dB center wavelength or center frequency, press the MEAN WL->CENTER soft key. When using the currently displayed ZOOM scale, press the VIEW->MEAS soft key. The specified center wavelength or center frequency is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed center wavelength.

The peak wavelength or peak frequency of the waveform measured every sweep

can be set automatically to the center wavelength or center frequency.

Continuing on from step 1, press the AUTO CENTER OFF/ON soft key to select

ON.

Also, you can set the wavelength of the moving marker placed on the measured

waveform as the center wavelength or center frequency.

Press MARKER.

With the moving marker displayed, press the MARKER-> CENTER soft key. The

specified center wavelength or center frequency is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed center wavelength or center frequency.

For details on displaying moving markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

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Explanation

Center Wavelength

Start Wavelength

Stop Wavelength

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Settings

The setting range is 350.000 to 1200.000 nm. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1 nm steps. The value changes in 0.1 nm steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

The setting range is 1.000 to 1200.000 nm. Note that the wavelength at which measurement starts is 350 nm or higher.

The setting range is 350.000 to 1625.000 nm. Note that the wavelength at which measurement ends is 1200 nm or lower.

Note

• When the start or stop wavelength is set, one wavelength becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center wavelength value is also changed at the same time.

• Changing the center wavelength does not change the sweep width.

AUTO CENTER OFF/ON

This key sets whether the PEAK→CENTER soft key functions for each sweep. When this key is set to ON, the peak is searched in the active trace waveform and set as the center wavelength automatically for each sweep. The active trace must be set to

WRITE. When ON is selected, video.

One-Action Keys

PEAK →CENTER

Sets the wavelength of the peak value to the center wavelength. After execution, the center wavelength set in the center wavelength setting screen is displayed. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

Mesurement

at the bottom of the screen is displayed in reverse

MEAN WL→CENTER

Sets the average of two wavelengths falling below the threshold value (3 dB) from the waveform peak of the active trace to the center wavelength. The center wavelength can be changed after the setting is made initially.

VIEW→MEAS

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This key is used to set the currently set ZOOM scale (ZOOM CENTER, ZOOM SPAN, ZOOM START, ZOOM STOP) as the measurement scale (CENTER, START, STOP, SPAN). When you press this key, the current waveform display scale is set as the measurement scale for the next sweep.

5-19

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Settings

Center Frequency

The setting range is 250.0000 to 856.5000 THz. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 0.1 THz steps. The value changes in 0.01 THz steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

Start Frequency

The setting range is 1.0000 to 856.5000 THz. Note that the frequency at which measurement starts is 250 THz or higher.

Stop Frequency

The setting range is 250.0000 to 999.9000 THz. Note that the frequency at which measurement ends is 856.5 THz or lower.

Note

• When the start or stop frequency is set, one frequency becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center frequency value is also changed at the same time.

• Changing the center frequency does not change the sweep width.

AUTO CENTER OFF/ON

This key sets whether the PEAK→CENTER soft key functions for each sweep. When this key is set to ON, the peak is searched in the active trace waveform and set as the center frequency automatically for each sweep.The active trace must be set to

WRITE. When ON is selected, video.

One-Action Keys

You can set the center frequency with the one-action key in the same manner as for the wavelength.

PEAK →CENTER

Sets the frequency of the waveform peak value of the active trace to the center frequency. After execution, the center frequency set in the center frequency setting screen is displayed. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

MEAN WL→CENTER

Sets the average of two frequencies falling below the threshold value (3 dB) from the waveform peak of the active trace to the center frequency. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

VIEW→MEAS

at the bottom of the screen is displayed in reverse

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5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Procedure

The following are three ways of setting the sweep width.

• Press the SPAN WL or SPAN FREQ soft key.

• Press the ST

• Use the one-action key (soft key).

The following explains these procedures.

Setting by Pressing the SPAN WL or SPAN FREQ Soft Key

Press SPAN. The soft key menu for sweep width settings appears along with the

sweep width setting screen.

Press SPAN WL for wavelength measurement or SPAN FREQ for frequency

measurement.

Enter a sweep width using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

ART WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ soft key.

Mesurement

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Setting with the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ Soft Key

Press SPAN. The soft key menu for sweep width settings appears.

Setting the Start Wavelength or Start Frequency

Press the START WL soft key for start wavelength or the START FREQ soft

key for start frequency. The start wavelength or start frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a start wavelength or start frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Setting the Stop Wavelength or Stop Frequency

Press the STOP WL soft key for stop wavelength or the STOP FREQ soft key

for stop frequency. The stop wavelength or stop frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a stop wavelength or stop frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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Setting by Using the One-Action Key

5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Setting the Sweep Width from the Measured Waveform

Press SPAN.

Press the Δλ→ SPAN soft key. Sets the span as six times the RMS 20 dB width of

the active trace measurement waveform.

Mesurement

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

Press MARKER.

Press the MORE 1/3 soft key.

With the line markers 1 and 2 displayed, press the MK L1-L2 -> SPAN soft key.

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

For details on displaying line markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

Note

• If only one of the line markers is displayed, for L1, the wavelength on the right edge of the screen is set to the measurement stop wavelength. For L2, the wavelength on the left edge of the screen is set to the measurement start wavelength.

• The MKR L1-L2 ->SPAN soft key cannot be used under the following conditions.

• When both L1 and L2 are OFF.

• When both SPLIT screens are on HOLD.

• When the span of the active trace is 0 nm.

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5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Explanation

Wavelength Sweep Width

Start Wavelength

Stop Wavelength

The available setting range is 0, and 0.5 to 850.0 nm. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

The setting range is 1.000 to 1200.000 nm. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.1 nm steps. Note that the wavelength at which measurement starts is 350 nm or higher.

The setting range is 350.000 to 1625.000 nm. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.1 nm steps. Note that the wavelength at which measurement ends is 1200 nm or lower.

Note

• Setting the sweep width changes the start wavelength and stop wavelength. The center wavelength/frequency does not change.

• Changing the center wavelength changes the start wavelength and stop wavelength. The sweep width does not change. When the start or stop wavelength is set, one wavelength becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center wavelength value is also changed at the same time.

One-Action Keys

Δλ→SPAN

Sets the sweep width as six times the spectrum width (threshold 20 dB ) of the active trace measurement waveform with the RMS method.

MKR L1-L2 →SPAN

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width. The setting range is 0.5 to 850 nm (in 0.1 nm steps).

Frequency Sweep Width

The allowed settings are 0 and the range of 0.05 to 610.000 THz. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

Start Frequency

The setting range is 1.0000 to 856.5000 THz. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.01 THz steps. Note that the frequency at which measurement starts is 250 THz or higher.

5-24

Stop Frequency

The setting range is 250.0000 to 999.9000 THz. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.01 THz steps. Note that the frequency at which measurement ends is 856.5 THz or lower.

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5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the RESOLUTION soft key. The resolutions that can be set appear in the

soft key menu.

To select 5.0nm, 10.0nm, or 0.01nm, press the MORE 1/2 soft key. Those soft

keys are displayed.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired resolution. The screen returns

to the previous stage, and the value specified by the RESOLUTION soft key is displayed.

Mesurement

Note

• When entering an arbitrary value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad in the resolution screen that appears when you press the RESOLUTION soft key, the soft key value that is closest to the entered value is set.

• The value displayed in parentheses within each soft key for each resolution is the effective resolution in the specified center wavelength. When RESOLN CORRECT is ON, no values are displayed in parentheses because the set resolution and the effective resolution match.

• The instrument displays if the settings for span, the number of sampling points, and

the resolution are inappropriate. When is displayed, sampling data can be dropped.

Corrective Action When “UNCAL” Is Displayed

Perform the following steps.

• Decrease the span.

• Increase the number of samples.

• Lower the resolution (increase the value).

• Select AUTO with the SAMPLING POINT soft key under SETUP.

The “UNCAL” display disappears if the span, number of samples, and the resolution settings are appropriate.

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5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

Correcting the Resolution

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the RESOLN CORRECT OFF ON soft key. Each time you press the soft

key the setting toggles between ON and OFF.

Note

• Since the wavelength resolution function is set according to the monochromator slit width, the setting resolution and actual resolution may not match. For this instrument, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the actual resolution will be 0.1 nm for a 450 nm wavelength, and

0.07 nm for a 850 nm wavelength.

• If the Resolution Correction function is turned ON, measured data is processed by the software so that it matches the set resolution.

The Resolution Correction function is available when the resolution is set between 0.1nm

and 10.0 nm. The Resolution Correction function is only available when the horizontal axis is in wavelength mode. It cannot be used in Frequency mode.

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Explanation

Setting resolution

Span

x 5 < Set number of samples - 1

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

“UNCAL” Display

When manually entering the number of samples, if the number of samples is too small relative to the appropriate number of samples as determined by the span and resolution setting, data can be dropped. Therefore, if the span, number of samples, and resolution

settings on the instrument are unsuitable, the UNCAL mark If not needed, you can turn the UNCAL display OFF.

For the procedure, see section 9.5, “Other Settings.”

Conditions under Which “UNCAL” Is Displayed

“UNCAL” is displayed when a single or repeat sweep is started based on the following relationship between span, setting resolution, and set number of samples:

Waveforms When Set to High Resolution

is displayed.

Mesurement

Resolution Setting of 0.01 nm

Resolution Setting of 10 nm

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This setting is valid when the measured wavelength range is 400 to 470 nm. You can set

0.01 nm in other wavelength bands, but the resolution is the same effective resolution value as when set to 0.02 nm.

This setting is valid when the measured wavelength range is 470 to 1200 nm. You can set 10 nm in other wavelength bands, but the resolution is the same effective resolution value as when set to 5 nm. Also, the effective resolution when set to 10 nm is approximately 8 nm even at the widest.

5-27

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

Automatic setting

Sets

sampling interval

sampling points

Procedure

The following are three ways in which the number of samples can be entered.

• Setting the number of samples directly

• Setting by the sampling interval

• Automatically setting the optimum number of samples or the sampling interval according to the sweep width (span) and resolution setting

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the SAMPLING POINT or SAMPLING INTERVAL soft key to set the

sampling point or sampling interval, respectively. To automatically set the sampling points and interval according to the span and wavelength (frequency) resolution settings, press SAMPLING POINT AUTO. The sampling points or interval setting screen is displayed.

If you pressed SAMPLING POINT AUTO, the sampling points and interval are set

automatically.

Enter a number of samples or interval using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press ENTER. The sampling points or interval are set.

5-28

Note

• The instrument displays if the settings for span, the number of sampling points, and

the resolution are inappropriate.

• See section 5.7 for the corrective actions when is displayed.

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Explanation

Interval

Span

Number of sampling points =

+ 1

Sampling points (the number of points measured in a single sweep)

Relationship between Sampling Points, Interval, and Span

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

Sampling points are the number of points measured within the range of the specified span. The setting range is 101 to 50001.

The relationship between the number of samples, the interval, and the span is as follows.

Given the same span, the sampling points are automatically determined when the interval is known, and viceversa. For information about the allowed setting for the span, see the explanation in section 5.6, “Sweep Width Setting.”

Note

• Increasing the number of sampling points or decreasing the sampling interval reduces the sweeping speed.

• Settings that would cause the number of samples in the sweep range to be extremely few cannot be entered.

• If the setting for the number of samples is changed, the sampling interval value also changes accordingly.

Mesurement

Relationship with Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution

If settings are entered such that the sampling interval determined by the settings for the span and number of samples is extremely long relative to the wavelength (frequency) resolution, data may be lost. Enter settings that are appropriate for the resolution.

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5-29

5.9 Sensitivity Settings

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the SENS/MODE soft key. Seven sensitivity choices appear in the soft key

menu.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired choice. The screen returns to the

previous stage, and the value specified by the SENS/MODE soft key is displayed.

CHOP MODE Settings

Press the SENS/MODE soft key.

Press the CHOP MODE soft key.

Press the SWITCH soft key.

To turn CHOP MODE OFF, press the OFF soft key.

Note

If you set the CHOP MODE to SWITCH, the corresponding sensitivity soft key display will change to MID/SW or HIGH1/SW–HIGH3/SW.

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Explanation

Waveform with CHOP MODE OFF CHOP MODE set to SWITCH

CHOP MODE

5.9 Sensitivity Settings

This mode activates the internal chopper of the monochromator. When CHOP MODE is set to SWITCH, you can reduce the stray light specific to the monochromator during measurements. You can set the CHOP MODE to SWITCH if the sensitivity setting is HIGH1–HIGH3 or MID.

CHOP MODE Function List

CHOP MODE

OFF

SWITCH

Measurement according to the stray light.

Stray light suppression ratio: 40 dB or more

Two sweeps per measurement are

performed. The rst sweep

measures the stray light component, and high dynamic measurement is possible through subtraction.

Stray light suppression ratio: 60 dB or more

Function Merit Defect

Measurement time is rapid even for high sensitivity measurements.

measurement can be taken with stray light removed.

Since the stray light is also measured, the low level component is not accurate if the light source is of high power.

If the measurement duration is long, it is

inuenced by temporal

changes in the measured light.

Mesurement

Stray Light from the Monochromator

The instrument has a newly designed, high-performance monochromator. Depending on the measurement conditions, stray light at a level 30 to 50 dB below the original spectrum, as well as other stray light specific to the monochromator may occur in wavelength areas 100 to 200 nm from the peak wavelength. If this stray light is likely to have a severe impact on measurements, the sensitivity can be set to MID or HIGH 1–3 and CHOP MODE can be set to SWITCH in order to reduce the effects of the stray light.

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5-31

5.10 Averaging Times Setting

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the AVERAGE TIMES soft key. The averaging times setting screen is

displayed.

Enter a number of averaging times using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric

key pad.

Press ENTER. The value specified by the AVERAGE TIMES soft key is

displayed.

Explanation

Note

Increasing the averaging times reduces the sweeping speed but the S/N improves.

AVERAGE TIMES

This key is used to set the average times for each point. The setting range is 1 to 999. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps. The value changes in 1 step if you do not press the COARSE key.

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YOKOGAWA AQ6373 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Checking the Contents of the Package

Safety Precautions

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Conventions Used in This Manual

Flow of Operation

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel

1.2 Rear Panel

1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs

1.4 LCD Screen

Chapter 2 Functions

2.1 System Structure

2.2 Measurement

2.3 Waveform Display

2.4 Analysis

2.5 Other

Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

3.1 Installing the Instrument

3.2 Connecting a Communication Interface

3.3 Turning the Power ON/OFF

3.4 Connecting the DUT

3.5 Alignment Adjustment

3.6 Wavelength Calibration

3.7 Important Points During Measurement

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

4.4 Screen Display

4.5 Setting the Date and Time

4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional)

5.1 Auto Measurement

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

5.3 Sub Scale

5.4 Setting the Reference Level

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

5.6 Sweep Width Settings

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

5.9 Sensitivity Settings

5.10 Averaging Times Setting