YOKOGAWA AQ6370D User Manual

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User ’s Manual

AQ6370D Optical Spectrum Analyzer

IM AQ6370D-01EN

5th Edition

Product Registration

Thank you for purchasing YOKOGAWA products.

YOKOGAWA provides registered users with a variety of information and services. Please allow us to serve you best by completing the product registration form accessible from our website.

http://tmi.yokogawa.com/

PIM 103-04E

List of Manuals

Thank you for purchasing the AQ6370D Optical Spectrum Analyzer. This instrument enables high speed measurement of the optical properties of LD and LED light sources, optical amps, and other devices. To improve ease of use, it includes mouse-based user operation and a brand-new zoom function. This user’s manual describes the instrument’s functions, operating procedures, and handling precautions, and provides other important information for use of the instrument. For correct operation, please read this manual thoroughly before use. After reading this manual, keep it in a convenient location for quick reference in the event a question arises during operation.

The following manuals, including this one, are provided as manuals for the AQ6370D. Please read all manuals.

Manual Title Manual No. Description

AQ6370D Optical Spectrum Analyzer User’s Manual

AQ6370C/AQ6370D/AQ6373/ AQ6373B/AQ6375/AQ6375B Optical Spectrum Analyzer Remote Control User’s Manual

AQ6370D Optical Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started Guide

Model AQ6370D-01 AQ6370D Optical Spectrum Analyzer Limited model

IM AQ6370D-01EN The manual is located on the CD included

in your package (pdf format). Explains all functions and operating procedures of the AQ6370D except remote control and program functions.

IM AQ6370C-17EN The manual is located on the CD included

in your package (pdf format).Explains functions for controlling the instrument with communication commands and program functions.

IM AQ6370D-02EN This manual. Explains the handling

precautions, installation procedure, component names, and specifications of the AQ6370D.

IM AQ6370D-51EN Explains the specifications of the limited

model of the AQ6370D.

The “EN” in the manual number is the language code.

Notes

Trademarks

Contact information of Yokogawa offices worldwide is provided on the following sheet.

Document Description Description

PIM 113-01Z2 List of worldwide contacts

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of improvements in the instrument’s performance and functions. Display contents illustrated in this manual may differ slightly from what actually appears on your screen.

• Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its contents. However, should you have any questions or find any errors, please contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

• Copying or reproducing all or any part of the contents of this manual without the permission of YOKOGAWA is strictly prohibited.

• Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

• Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems incorporated.

• In this manual, the ® and TM symbols do not accompany their respective registered trademark or trademark names.

• Other company and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Revisions

• 1st Edition: April 2014

• 2nd Edition: July 2014

• 3rd Edition: July 2015

• 4th Edition: May 2017

• 5th Edition: October 2017

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Conventions Used in This Manual

Safety Markings

The following markings are used in this manual.

Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage

to the instrument. This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate

that the user must refer to the userʼs manual for special instructions.

The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user's manual to identify those instructions. In the manual, the symbol is used in conjunction with the word “WARNING” or “CAUTION.”

WARNING

CAUTION

Note

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause serious or

fatal injury to the user, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attentions to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to

the user or damage to the instrument or user’s data, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attention to information that is important for proper operation of the instrument.

Notations Used on Pages Describing Operating Procedures

On pages that describe the operating procedures in Chapter 3 through 11, the following notations are used to distinguish the procedures from their explanations.

Procedure

Explanation

This subsection contains the operating procedure used to carry out the function described in the current chapter. The procedures are written with inexperienced users in mind; experienced users may not need to carry out all the steps.

This subsection describes the setup parameters and the limitations on the procedures. It may not give a detailed explanation of the function. For a detailed explanation of the function, see chapter 2.

Unit

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Notations Used in the Procedures

Panel Keys and Soft keys

Bold characters used in the procedural explanations indicate characters that are marked on the panel keys or the characters of the soft keys displayed on the screen menu.

k: Denotes “1000.” Example: 100 kS/s K: Denotes “1024.” Example: 459 KB (file data size)

iii

Flow of Operation

The figure below is provided to familarize the first-time user with the general flow of this instrument operation. For a description of each item, see the relevant section or chapter.

Preparing for Measurement

Installing the Instrument

Turning the Power ON/OFF

Wavelength Calibration

Setting Conditions and Measuring

Auto Sweep Setting and Measurement

Other Settings

Measurement Start (Sweep)

External Trigger Measurement

Waveform Display

Displaying Calculated Waveforms

Displaying Power Density

Marker Display

Searching

Section 3.1

Section 3.4

Section 3.7

Section 5.1

Sections 5.2 to 5.12

Section 5.13

Section 5.16

Sections 6.1 to 6.4

Section 6.5

Section 6.8

Section 6.9

Sections 6.13 and 6.14

Waveform Analysis

GO/NO-GO Judgment

Sections 7.1 to 7.9

Section 7.12

Saving Display Data and Printing Out

Storage Media

Saving Data

Section 8.1

Sections 8.2 to 8.10

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List of Manuals ...................................................................................................................................i

Conventions Used in This Manual ................................................................................................... iii

Flow of Operation.............................................................................................................................iv

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Rear Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs ..................................................................................................... 1-3

1.4 LCD Screen ...................................................................................................................... 1-6

Chapter 2 Functions

2.1 System Structure .............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.2 Measurement ................................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 Waveform Display ........................................................................................................... 2-7

2.4 Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 2-12

2.5 Other .............................................................................................................................. 2-14

Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

3.1 Installing the Instrument ................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Attaching the Connector Adapter ..................................................................................... 3-3

3.3 Connecting the Device ..................................................................................................... 3-5

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF .............................................................................................. 3-7

3.5 Connecting the DUT ....................................................................................................... 3-12

3.6 Alignment Adjustment ..................................................................................................... 3-14

3.7 Wavelength Calibration .................................................................................................. 3-18

3.8 Resolution Calibration .................................................................................................... 3-23

3.9 Important Points During Measurement ........................................................................... 3-27

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys ................................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard ......................................................................... 4-3

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings ............................................................................ 4-5

4.4 Screen Display ................................................................................................................. 4-7

4.5 Setting the Date and Time ................................................................................................ 4-8

Chapter 5 Measurement

5.1 Auto Measurement ........................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings ....................................................................................... 5-2

5.3 Sub Scale ......................................................................................................................... 5-7

5.4 Setting the Reference Level ............................................................................................5-11

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting ............................................................ 5-15

5.6 Sweep Width Settings .................................................................................................... 5-20

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings ................................................................ 5-24

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings .................................................................................... 5-27

5.9 Sensitivity Settings ......................................................................................................... 5-29

5.10 Sweep Speed Settings ................................................................................................... 5-31

5.11 Averaging Times Setting................................................................................................. 5-32

5.12 Trace Settings ................................................................................................................ 5-33

5.13 Measurement Start (Sweep) .......................................................................................... 5-35

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App

Index

Contents

5.14 Specifying a Sweep Range ............................................................................................ 5-37

5.15 Pulse Light Measurement ............................................................................................... 5-38

5.16 External Trigger Measurement ....................................................................................... 5-44

5.17 Trigger Output ................................................................................................................ 5-48

5.18 Smoothing ...................................................................................................................... 5-49

5.19 Analog Out ..................................................................................................................... 5-50

Chapter 6 Waveform Display

6.1 Zooming In/Out on Waveforms ......................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Wavelength Updating/Fixing ............................................................................................. 6-8

6.3 MAX/MIN HOLD Display ................................................................................................ 6-10

6.4 Sweep Average ...............................................................................................................6-11

6.5 Displaying Calculated Waveforms .................................................................................. 6-13

6.6 Normalized Display ....................................................................................................... 6-19

6.7 Curve Fitting .................................................................................................................. 6-20

6.8 Power Density Trace ..................................................................................................... 6-26

6.9 Marker Display ............................................................................................................... 6-27

6.10 Displaying a Split Screen ............................................................................................... 6-43

6.11 Noise Mask ..................................................................................................................... 6-45

6.12 Copying and Clearing Traces ......................................................................................... 6-47

6.13 Single Search ................................................................................................................. 6-49

6.14 Multi Search ................................................................................................................... 6-53

Chapter 7 Analysis

7.1 Spectrum Width Measurement ......................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Notch Width Measurement ............................................................................................... 7-4

7.3 SMSR Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-6

7.4 POWER Measurement ..................................................................................................... 7-8

7.5 DFB-LD, FP-LD, and LED Measurement ......................................................................... 7-9

7.6 PMD Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-10

7.7 WDM Transmission Signal Analysis ............................................................................... 7-12

7.8 Optical Amp Gain and NF Measurement ........................................................................ 7-19

7.9 Optical Filter Characteristics Measurement ................................................................... 7-26

7.10 Editing the Grid Table ..................................................................................................... 7-35

7.11 Measurement of Level Fluctuations in Single-Wavelength Light (0 nm Sweeping) ........ 7-39

7.12 Go/No-Go Judgment (Template) .................................................................................... 7-42

7.13 Specifying an Analysis Range ........................................................................................ 7-54

7.14 Correcting Displayed Values .......................................................................................... 7-57

7.15 Analysis Data Logging .................................................................................................... 7-60

Chapter 8 Saving/Loading Data

8.1 USB Storage Media .......................................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Temporarily Saving and Redisplaying Traces to and from Internal Memory .................... 8-2

8.3 Saving/Loading Displayed Data ....................................................................................... 8-6

8.4 Saving/Loading Displayed Data(All Trace) ..................................................................... 8-22

8.5 Saving/Loading Setting Data .......................................................................................... 8-28

8.6 Saving/Loading Analysis Results Data ........................................................................... 8-33

8.7 Saving/Loading Program Data ....................................................................................... 8-40

8.8 Saving Screen Image Data ............................................................................................ 8-46

8.9 Saving/Loading Template Data....................................................................................... 8-50

8.10 Saving and Loading Logging Data ................................................................................. 8-56

8.11 Creating Files ................................................................................................................. 8-62

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Contents

Chapter 9 Other Operations

9.1 Registering Soft keys ....................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2 Data Initialization .............................................................................................................. 9-2

9.3 Help ................................................................................................................................ 9-16

9.4 Registering and Loading Character Strings ................................................................... 9-17

9.5 Locking Keys .................................................................................................................. 9-18

9.6 Other Settings ................................................................................................................ 9-20

9.7 Displaying System Information ....................................................................................... 9-25

Chapter 10 Maintenance

10.1 Updating the Firmware ................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 Mechanical Inspection .................................................................................................... 10-4

10.3 Operational Inspection ................................................................................................... 10-5

10.4 Inspection of Wavelength Accuracy ................................................................................ 10-6

10.5 Inspection of Level Accuracy .......................................................................................... 10-7

10.6 Replacing Fuses ............................................................................................................. 10-8

10.7 Daily Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 10-9

10.8 Care during Storage ......................................................................................................10-11

10.9 Recommended Replacement Parts ............................................................................. 10-12

10.10 Warning Display Function ............................................................................................. 10-13

Chapter 11 Specications

11.1 Specications ..................................................................................................................11-1

11.2 External Dimensions .......................................................................................................11-4

Appendix

Index

Appendix 1 GRID Table for WDM Wevelength ....................................................................... App-1

Appendix 2 Data Calculation Algorithms for Spectrum Widths ............................................... App-2

Appendix 3 Details of Each Analytical Functions ................................................................. App-11

Appendix 4 Detailed Explanations of WDM Analysis Function ............................................. App-19

Appendix 5 Details of Optical Amplifier Analysis Function ...................................................App-30

Appendix 6 Details of Optical Filter Analysis Function ......................................................... App-33

Appendix 7 Soft Key Tree Diagram ...................................................................................... App-50

Appendix 8 END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT ................................................................ App-69

App

Index

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vii

3 4

9 10

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel

Front Panel

USB

POWER

5 6 7 8

No. Name Function

1 LCD display Displays measured waveform, measurement conditions,

2 Soft key section Used to execute the functions assigned to the soft keys on

3 FUNCTION section Used to enter settings pertaining to all measurements

4 DATA ENTRY section Used for measurement condition parameter input, label

5 POWER Used to start and shut down the instrument.

6 USB interface Used to connect USB storage media

7 UNDO/LOCAL See the following table(1.3 Panel keys and Knobs)

8 HELP Used to check the contents of the soft key menu displayed

9 OPTICAL INPUT Optical input connector

10 CALIBRATION OUTPUT Reference light source optical output connector used for

11 COPY Save the screen as an image file.

12 PRESET Clears all internal settings of the AQ6370D except for the

AQ6370D

OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

1 2

DATA ENTRY

FUNCTION

SPAN

LEVEL

CENTER

SWEEP

ZOOM

DISPLAY

SETUP

TRACE

PEAK

COARSE

ANALYSIS

MARKER

USER

FILE

MEMORY

ADVANCE

PROGRAM

SYSTEM

OREMOTE

UNDO/

PRESET

HELP

COPY

LOCAL

OPTICAL INPUT (

)

600 1700nm

1 2 3

CALIBRATION OUTPUT

BACK

SPASE

m/ ENTER

nm/

ENTER

11 12

measurement values, etc.

the right side of the LCD display

(sweep, measurement conditions, data analysis, and various functions)

input, etc.

on the screen.

alignment adjustments and wavelength calibration (when the built-in light source specification is -L1)

remote interface (ETHERNET, GP-IB, and RS232) settings.

Part Names and Functions

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1-1

1.2 Rear Panel

AQ6370D-02, A6370D-12, A6370D-22

Rear Panel

7 8

3 4

AQ6370D-01, A6370D-10, A6370D-20

8 9

No. Name Function

1 GP-IB GP-IB port for controlling this unit through an external

computer

2 TRIGGER IN Input connector for synchronous signals for the

synchronous measurement function with the Tunable Laser Source

3 TRIGGER OUT Output connector for synchronous signals for the

synchronous measurement function with the Tunable Laser Source

4 ANALOG OUT Analog output

5 MAIN POWER Used to turn the main power ON/OFF

6 Power cord connector Connect the power cord to this connector

7 VIDEO OUT (SVGA) Analog RGB video signal (SVGA-compliant) interface

8 SERIAL RS-232 interface

9 ETHERNET Ethernet Interface (10/100BASE-TX)

10 USB interface Used to connect USB storage media or USB mouse

11 Exhaust holes

1-2

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1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs

FUNCTION

FUNCTION Section

The FUNCTION section contains 17 function keys and 4 auxiliary keys. When you press a function key, information about the function is displayed on the soft key menu located

CENTER

SWEEP

SETUP

MARKER

USER

PROGRAM

OREMOTE

UNDO/ LOCAL

SPAN

DISPLAY

PEAK

MEMORY

ADVANCE

HELP

COPY

LEVEL

ZOOM

TRACE

ANALYSIS

FILE

SYSTEM

PRESET

on the right side of the LCD display.

SWEEP

The SWEEP key contains functions related to sweeping. When you press the SWEEP key, the soft key menu for sweeping appears.

CENTER

The CENTER key contains functions related to setting the center wavelength and center frequency for measurements. The soft key functions change depending on whether the screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.

SPAN

The SPAN key contains functions pertaining to settings for the wavelength span or frequency span being measured. The soft key functions change according to whether the screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.

Part Names and Functions

LEVEL

The LEVEL key contains functions related to level axis settings.When you press the LEVEL key, the soft key menu for setting reference level appears.

SETUP

The SETUP key contains functions related to measurement condition settings.

ZOOM

The ZOOM key contains the zoom function, which allows the user to freely enlarge or reduce a measured waveform in order to check a small area of the measured waveform, or to check the overall waveform. This key is used to set the waveform enlarged/reduced display conditions.

DISPLAY

The DISPLAY key contains functions related to screen display.This key is used to set the screen to upper/lower 2-split display mode (split mode).

TRACE

The TRACE key contains functions related to trace mode settings.

MARKER

The MARKER key contains functions related to markers.

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PEAK SEARCH

The PEAK SEARCH key contains functions for searching for peaks and bottoms in measured waveforms.

ANALYSIS

The ANALYSIS key contains functions related to measured waveform analysis.

1-3

1.3 Panel keys and Knobs

MEMORY

The MEMORY key contains functions for writing the contents of the active trace to the unit’s internal memory. When you press the MEMORY key, the traces and memory list screen (soft key menu) are displayed. A memory number may be entered in the DATA ENTRY section, or selected using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

FILE

The FILE key contains functions for saving and loading waveform data, program data, and the like to and from USB storage media (USB memory/HDD).

PROGRAM

The PROGRAM key contains the soft keys related to program functions for controlling measurements through a program.

SYSTEM

The SYSTEM key contains system-related functions such as monochromator adjusting optical alignment, wavelength adjustment, hardware setup, and setting initialization.

ADVANCE

The ADVANCE key contains functions for setting reference data used to make comparison judgments on measured data and for logging analysis data.

USER

Frequently used soft keys can be registered on the soft key menu in the USER key. Registering frequently used soft keys in the USER key allows you to execute frequently used functions in a small number of steps.

COPY

The COPY key is used to output the measurement screen to the internal printer or a file. When you press the COPY key, the measured waveforms and lists displayed on the screen are output to the internal printer or a file.

PRESET

The PRESET key clears all internal settings of the AQ6370D except for the remote interface (ETHERNET, GP-IB, and RS232) settings.

UNDO/LOCAL

The key’s function changes depending on the status of the instrument when the UNDO/ LOCAL key is pressed. The following table shows the key’s functions.

Status of Instrument Function

UNDO action is allowed If the UNDO key is pressed after changing parameter settings,

changing or deleting data, etc., the previous action (change, deletion, etc.) is canceled and the state preceding that action is restored.

During user key registration If the UNDO key is pressed during user key registration,

registration mode is canceled and the soft key menu which appeared when the SYSTEM key was pressed is displayed

again. During remote control by external PC (Remote light is on)

Changes the state from the remote state back to the local

state. The remote light turns off.

HELP

When you press the HELP key, a soft key menu of the currently displayed screen is displayed explanations. Soft keys for selecting the “MORE INFO” which indicate additional information are displayed by some soft keys in HELP screen.

1-4

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1.3 Panel keys and Knobs

DATA ENTRY

DATA ENTRY Section

This unit allows you to enter measurement conditions and various other parameters through the DATA ENTRY section. Three different entry methods can be used in the DATA ENTRY section, the rotary knob, the arrow keys, and the numeric keypad.

Rotary knob

When you press a soft key which has a parameter, the current setting is displayed in the parameter entry window. Turning the rotary knob raises or lowers the numeric value

COARSE

shown in the parameter entry window (turn clockwise to increase and counterclockwise to decrease), and the internal setting changes at the same time. Note that if the COARSE key is on (lamp on), the numeric value increase/decrease step

BACK

SPASE

will be larger.

ENTER

Arrow keys (▲, ▼)

nm/

ENTER

Pressing the ▲ key has the same effect as turning the rotary knob clockwise. Likewise, pressing the ▼ key has the same effect as turning the rotary knob counterclockwise.

Holding an arrow key down for 0.5 second or longer activates auto-repeat. If the multi-marker function has been selected, the arrow keys can be used to scroll the marker value display in the data area.

COARSE Key

You can raise the digit of settings being entered or the increase/decrease step for numerical values. Each time you press this key the setting toggles between ON and OFF. When ON, the lamp lights.

Part Names and Functions

Numeric keypad

You can enter numerical values directly into the parameter input window by pressing keys of the numeric keypad. After you have pressed a parameter soft key to display the current setting in the parameter display area, you can press a numeric keypad key to display the numeric keypad input area including the entered numeric value. If the value entered with the numeric keypad is not in the allowed value range, the nearest allowed value will be set.

μm/ENTER Key and nm/ENTER Key

Enters values input using the numeric keypad or the parameter input window. Use one or the other key if entering a parameter value with a particular unit.

If a parameter does not have a unit associated with it, you can use either the μm/ENTER

key or the nm/ENTER key.

BACK SPACE Key

Use this key if you make an error when inputting values with the numeric keypad. The last entered (right-most) character is removed, allowing entry of the correct character. By holding the BACK SPACE key down, you can erase the entire entry in the numeric keypad input area and make the numeric keypad input area disappear, returning it to the condition preceding numeric keypad input.

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1-5

1.4 LCD Screen

7 8 9 10

11 12

14 15

No. Function

1 Data area

2 Measurement conditions area

4 Displays level axis scale per DIV

6 Displays reference level

7 Label area (56 characters)

8 Displays wavelength resolution

9 Displays measurement sensitivity

10 Displays averaging times

11 Displays the number of measurement samples

12 Displays date and time

13 Displays each trace status

15 Displays the statuses of main settings

16 Displays wavelength axis scale per DIV

17 Displays sweep status

(Displayed when any of the measurement conditions are changed.)

(Displayed when measurement is not correctly carried out.)

(Only displayed when ZOOM function is used)

(When a setting is ON, its display is depressed, or is displayed with white on black background if the display colors are black and white.)

(RPT=Repeat; SGL=Single; STP=Stop)

1-6

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1.4 LCD Screen

No. Function

18 Displays soft key menu

(Displays markers and data analysis results.)

19 Parameter display area

20 Parameter input area

21 OVERVIEW display screen

(Only displayed when ZOOM function is used.)

22 Displays sub-scale

23 This appears when a resolution calibration has been performed.

Part Names and Functions

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1-7

Chapter 2 Functions

Ethernet interface

USB storage medium

USB storage

2.1 System Structure

System Structure

medium

USB keyboard

Analog output

External trigger input

Video signal output trigger output

Functions

USB mouse

OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

AQ6370

USB

POWER

DATA ENTRY

FUNCTION

SPAN

LEVEL

CENTER

SWEEP

ZOOM

DISPLAY

SETUP

TRACE

PEAK

COARSE

ANALYSIS

MARKER

BACK

USER

FILE

SPASE

MEMORY

ADVANCE

PROGRAM

SYSTEM

1 2 3

OREMOTE

UNDO/ LOCAL

ENTER

nm/

FEED

HELP

COPY

ENTER

OPTICAL INPUT

CALIBRATION

(

)

600 1700nm

OUTPUT

GP-IB interface RS-232 interface

USB 101 keyboard

USB mouse

Control target

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2-1

2.2 Measurement

Alignment Adjustment <<See section 3.6 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows adjustment of the optical axis of the instrument’s built-in monochromator (spectroscope). The instrument’s optical performance is not guaranteed until the alignment adjustment function has been executed. Failure to perform this adjustment can result in distortion of measured waveforms. After alignment adjustment has been executed, wavelength calibration is also subsequently performed automatically. If you are using the instrument for the first time or using it after it has been severely shaken while being moved, perform the alignment adjustment procedure after warm-up ends.

Wavelength Calibration <<See section 3.7 for the operating procedure>>

Wavelength calibration can be performed using the internal reference light source (when the built-in light source specification is -L1) or an external light source.

Resolution Calibration <<See section 3.8 for the operating procedure>>

Typically the filter response of an optical spectrum analyzer is not rectangular, and thus the resolution bandwidth differs slightly from the equivalent noise bandwidth. This difference becomes prominent especially when the wavelength resolution is high (e.g.,

0.05 nm or less). The resolution calibration function measures the equivalent noise bandwidth at each resolution setting and internally sets the resolution bandwidth to the result. The resolution bandwidth appears in parentheses in each of the resolution soft keys on the resolution screen. The resolution bandwidth accuracy affects the results of noise measurements and the results of optical power measurements of wideband light sources. In detail, the resolution bandwidth is used when the following analysis and computation functions are executed. For details, see pages 3-25 and 3-26.

• WDM analysis

• EDFA-NF (optical amp gain, NF measurement)

• Power analysis

• OSNR and total power of DFB-LD analysis

• Total power of FP-LD analysis

• Total power of LED analysis

• Power density markers, Integrated power markers

Auto Measurement <<See section 5.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function automatically sets the optimal measuring conditions for the input light and displays the spectrum waveform. This function is useful when the characteristics of the input light are not well known. The wavelength range of input light that can be auto-measured is 1200–1670 nm. The measurement conditions that are set automatically are as follows.

1. Span (SPAN)

2. Center wavelength (CENTER)

3. Reference level (REF LEVEL)

4. Resolution (RESOLUTION) Other measuring conditions (sensitivity, averaging times, number of sampling points, and interval settings) are set to their defaults. The horizontal and vertical axes of the displayed spectrum waveform are zoomed to an appropriate degree.

Single Sweep <<See section 5.13 for the operating procedure>>

This function executes a single sweep or forcibly stops a sweep operation.

2-2

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Repeat Sweep <<See section 5.13 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs repeat sweeping or forcibly stops a sweep operation. It enables repeated, real-time measurement of waveforms.

2.2 Measurement

Sweeping between Markers << See section 5.14 for the operating procedure >>

This function enables sweeping between two specified waveform line markers. You can sweep any desired area on screen.

Segment Measurement <<See section 5.13 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows you to divide up items to be measured in units of previously specified segments. Allows measurement delimited by segments (portions).

Smoothing << See section 5.18 for the operating procedure >>

This function attenuates the noise in the measured waveform. By using the Smoothing function, areas on the waveform with a large amount of noise can be “smoothed out” when measured.

One-Action Keys <<See sections 5.4 to 5.6 for the operating procedure>>

This is the general name for a key that uses data from the active trace waveform (the currently displayed waveform) to set measurement conditions. Setting conditions requires that a waveform is displayed for the active trace.

One-Action Key Name Description

PEAK → REF LEVEL Sets the peak level of the measured waveform of the active trace as

the reference level.

MARKER→ REF LEVEL Sets the moving marker level as the reference level.

PEAK→CENTER Sets the peak wavelength or the peak frequency of the active trace

measurement waveform to center wavelength or center frequency.

MEAN WL→CENTER Sets THRESH 3 dB center wavelength or center frequency of the

active trace measured waveform to center wavelength or center frequency.

VIEW→MEAS Sets the currently displayed ZOOM scale as the measurement scale

(CENTER, START, STOP, SPAN) for the next sweep.

MARKER →CENTER Sets the wavelength of the moving marker to center wavelength or

center frequency.

Δλ→SPAN Sets the sweep width as six times the RMS 20 dB width of the

active trace measurement waveform.

MKR L1-L2 →SPAN Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

PEAK→ZOOM CTR Sets the peak wavelength of the active trace measurement

waveform to center wavelength or center frequency of zoom display.

MARKER →ZOOM CTR Sets the wavelength of the moving marker to center wavelength or

center frequency of zoom display.

MKR L1-L2 →ZOOM SPAN Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width of zoom

display.

Functions

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2-3

2.2 Measurement

Switching between Vacuum Wavelength and Air Wavelength

<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>

This function switches the measured wavelength to either a vacuum wavelength or an air wavelength. Measurement can be performed in either air or vacuum wavelength mode.

Switching between Wavelength and Frequency

<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>

This function switches the horizontal axis display to wavelength or frequency. You can display either the wavelengths or frequencies of marker values and analysis results.

Averaging <<See section 5.11 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs multiple measurements and displays the average values. The function is used in cases such as: when the light source’s level is fluctuating; when measuring a modulated signal of several kHz or less; when the waveform is disrupted and difficult to measure; when it is necessary to obtain even higher measurement sensitivity.

Power Density Display <<See section 7.4 for the operating procedure>>

The power per 1 nm is called the power density. The level axis of the AQ6370D indicates the absolute power per wavelength resolution. For example, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the power per 0.1 nm will be displayed. Since the optical spectrum of such devices as a gas laser or a laser diode is narrower than the wavelength resolution of the instrument, the entire power is accommodated within the band of a resolution. Therefore, the measured power (peak level) is equal to the total power of the light source. This instrument has been calibrated to display accurate power under such conditions.

On the other hand, natural light or lights such as fluorescent lamps or LEDs, have, in many cases, optical spectrums wider than the wavelength resolution set for the instrument. Therefore, if the instrument measures these lights, measured power will vary, depending on the resolution setting.

In order to deal with this issue, the instrument is equipped with the dBm dBm/nm soft key

to allow the level axis displays to switch from the absolute power (dBm, mW, μW, nW, pW) per resolution to power density (dBm/nm, mW/nm, μW/nm, nW/nm, pW/nm).

In the case of power density displays, a measured value is converted to power per 1 nm. Therefore, whatever resolution is used for measurement, certain measured values will always be available. For information on the use of dBm and dBm/nm, see “Power Density Display” in section

5.2, “Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings.” The trace computation function can be used to display the power density in the specified bandwidth within the range of 0.1 nm to 10 nm (see section 6.8).

Note

Specifications such as level accuracy, measurement level range, and level linearity of the instrument are provided for the absolute power display.

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2.2 Measurement

External Trigger Measurement <<See section 5.16 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs measurement in synchronization with an external trigger signal. The SMPL TRG IN terminal is an input terminal on the TTL level and in positive/ negative logic (which can be set by the <EXT TRIGGER SETTING> key). The SMPL TRG IN terminal is an input terminal for TTL level, positive/negative logic signals. The measurement points (wavelength/frequency) are incremented each time edges of input external trigger signals are detected. Thus, sweeping stops when a number of external trigger signals equaling the specified number of sampling points is input. (However, when the REPEAT sweep is performed, the sweep will be repeated until the STOP key is pressed or until trigger signals are no longer input.) The delay time (from the time when a trigger signal is detected until the time when the sampling is performed) specific to the instrument is about 20 µs. Supply the trigger signal at a timing appropriate for the measurement sensitivity. An optional delay time can be set to this specific delay time. With the DELAY key of the EXT TRIGGER SETTING key, the 0.0 µs to 1000.0 µs range can be set in units of 0.1 µs. Note that after the measurement points are set, input trigger signals during the movement to the next measurement point are ignored. The time varies depending on the measurement wavelength band and the number of sampling points (sampling intervals). Since the SMPL TRG IN terminal is pulled up internally, it can be set to the HIGH level while it is in the open state and to the LOW level while it is in the GND short state.

Functions

Sweep Trigger <<See section 5.16 for the operating procedure>>

This function performs a single sweep measurement based on an externally input trigger signal. The instrument starts a single sweep measurement by allowing sweep trigger signals on the TTL level and in negative logic to enter the TRGGER IN terminal at the back of the instrument. The signal logic of the sweep trigger input signals is fixed to negative logic, which cannot be changed. The pulse width of sweep trigger signals must be 5 ms or more. The action when entering a sweep trigger is the same as that for the SWEEP key or SINGLE key. The sweep trigger function detects sweep trigger signals by polling in certain cycles. Thus, the time after a sweep trigger signal is input until the sweep starts will fluctuate in the range of 5 ms.

Trigger Output <<See section 5.17 for the operating procedure>>

This function outputs trigger signals from the trigger output terminal on the rear panel of the instrument (only during sweeping).

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2.2 Measurement

Analog Out <<See section 5.19 for the operating procedure>>

An analog voltage is output from the ANALOG OUT terminal on the rear panel of the main unit according to the input light. The temporal changes in the input light can be measured by an oscilloscope. However, to enable this output, the sensitivity setting must be NORM/HOLD. When set to NORM/HOLD, the RANGE is switched relative to the REF LEVEL without implementing the AUTORANGE function. Therefore, if the level of the input light is high, the output voltage level is saturated. The saturation level and noise level varies depending on the REF level. The table below shows the relationship between the REF level and the saturation level.

REF LEVEL(dBm or dBm/nm) Saturation Level * (dBm)

REF > 0 23 dBm or more 0 < = REF > -10 13 dBm or more

-10 < = REF > -20 3 dBm or more

-20 < = REF > -30 -7 dBm or more

-30 < = REF -17 dBm or more

* At wavelength 1450 to 1620 nm

ANALOG OUT Output Specifications

Output saturation voltage +6 V or more, +8 V or less Bandwidth 10 kHz or more

Load 1 kΩ or more

Correcting the Wavelength Resolution

<<See section 5.7 for the operating procedure>>

Since the wavelength resolution function is set according to the monochromator slit width, the setting resolution and actual resolution may not match. If the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the actual resolution will be 0.09 nm for a 1450 nm wavelength, and 0.07 nm for a 1550 nm wavelength. If the Resolution Correction function is turned ON, measured data is processed by the software so that it matches the set resolution. In the following cases, the resolution correction function has no effect even when turned ON.

• When the set resolution is 0.02 nm

• When the measured wavelength is 1400 nm or less Turn OFF the resolution correction function when performing measurement for which the level accuracy is guaranteed.

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2.3 Waveform Display

Zoom <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function allows you to zoom freely in and out on measured waveforms. You can easily zoom an area simply by selecting it with the mouse. Drag the mouse over an area of the displayed waveform to zoom in on the area. ZOOMING is displayed at the bottom of the screen to indicate that the screen is displaying a zoomed area. You can also zoom in and out with key operations.

Overview <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>

This function displays an overview window at the very bottom of the waveform display area. The overview window is displayed when the waveform display is enlarged or reduced using the zoom function. (Only displayed when a zoom is performed.) You can easily check which part of the measured waveform is zoomed. The overview window can be shown or hidden, and you can change its position and size.

Trace <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>

A trace shows a waveform and measurement conditions. The instrument has a total of seven independent traces (A through G). Multiple traces can be displayed at the same time on the waveform screen. In addition, display ON/OFF and mode settings can be set separately for each trace.

Traces can be set to the following modes.

• WRITE mode Section 6.2

• FIX mode Section 6.2

• MAX/MIN HOLD mode Section 6.3

• ROLL AVG mode Section 6.4

• CALCULATE mode Section 6.5 to Section 6.9

The following explains each of the modes.

Functions

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WRITE Mode

Waveform data are written during sweeping. When a trace is set to WRITE mode, waveform data are written during measurement, and the data are updated. Traces used in measurements are normally set to WRITE mode. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “WRITE.”

FIX Mode

Fixes the data; does not write waveform data. When a trace is set to FIX mode, its waveform data are not overwritten even when measurement is performed. Therefore, the waveform on the screen is not overwritten. If you want to fix the waveform data of a trace, set the trace to FIX mode. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “FIX.”

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2.3 Waveform Display

MAX/MIN HOLD Mode (Maximum/Minimum Value Detection Mode)

ROLL AVG Mode (Rolling Average Mode)

CALCULATE Mode (Calculation Results Display)

Writes the maximum/minimum values of the waveform data for each sweep. When a trace is set to MAX/MIN HOLD mode, each time a sweep is performed, the data at the individual measurement points are compared with prior measurements, and the measurement with the higher level (MAX HOLD) or lower level (MIN HOLD) is written. If you want to measure the maximum or minimum value of a waveform which changes each time a sweep is performed, set the trace you want to measure to MAX/MIN HOLD mode and perform REPEAT sweeping. The trace display at the side of the data area appears as “MAX HOLD” or “MIN HOLD”. Note that the NOISE MASK soft key setting applies when a waveform is displayed, and is not affected when a maximum or minimum value is detected.

Writes the rolling average values of the waveform data during each sweep. When a trace is set to ROLL AVG mode, each time measurement is performed the rolling average of the current measurement and past measurements is calculated, and the measurement data are updated. The number of averagings is set in the range of 2 to

100. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “ROLL AVG”.

Writes the results of calculations performed between data from different traces. When a trace is set to CALCULATE mode, subtraction between data from different traces, normalized display, power display per specified bandwidth, or curve-fit display is performed according to the set CALCULATE mode. Note that CALCULATE mode can only be set for traces C, F, and G. Also, the available calculations vary from trace to trace. For more information, see chapter 6.

Normalized Display Function <<See section 6.6 for the operating procedure>>

This function is one of the trace CALCULATE modes. It normalizes and displays the trace data. With normalized display, normalization is performed and the waveform is displayed with the waveform peak set to 1 if the sub-scale is linear, or set to 0 dB if the sub-scale is LOG. One trace can be normalized, either trace A, B, or C. If both traces selected for calculation are set to “BLANK”, then the sub-scale is displayed on the left side of the screen. Otherwise it is displayed on the right side. The calculation results are displayed in the sub-scale. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “NORM @”.

Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>

Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G. Calculations are applied to data from the peak to the threshold value. The threshold value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “CRV FIT @.”

Peak Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>

Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G. Calculations are applied to mode peaks at or above the threshold value. The threshold value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “PKCVFIT @”.

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2.3 Waveform Display

Power Density Trace <<See section 6.8 for the operating procedure>>

Computes the power density in the specified bandwidth and writes the results in Trace F. The target trace is a single trace selected from Traces A to E. You can set the bandwidth in the range from 0.1 nm to 10 nm in 0.1 nm steps. The trace display at the side of the data area shows "PWR/NBW @".

Marker Functions <<See section 6.9 for the operating procedure>>

Marker functions can be used to easily measure wavelength differences and level differences, and to search for peak wavelengths, peak levels, and spectrum widths. There are markers, line markers, and advanced markers.

Markers

A total of 1025 markers (one moving marker and 1024 fixed markers) are provided. Moving markers can be moved to an arbitrary wavelength using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad. You can also drag the markers with the mouse. Moving markers can be moved over a waveform to display the marker values (wavelength and level value) in the data area. If a moving marker is fixed in an arbitrary position, it changes to a fixed marker. Fixed markers are markers fixed to a number on which the moving marker was set. Fixed markers are assigned marker numbers in order starting from 001. You can enter an arbitrary number using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad. A number up to 1024 can be set. When multiple fixed markers are set, it is possible to display wavelength differences and level differences between a given marker and adjacent markers.

Functions

Line Markers

There are four line markers––two wavelength line markers and two level line markers. Wavelength line markers show wavelength and wavelength difference, and level line markers show level values and level difference. Also, you can use line markers to specify a sweep or analysis range.

Advanced Markers

There are four advanced markers. There are three types of advanced markers: moving marker, power density marker, and integrated power marker. Advanced markers can be placed on any of the waveforms from trace A to G. Each marker can be moved to an arbitrary wavelength using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric keypad. You can also drag the markers with the mouse. Moreover, you can use the search function to move the marker to the peak of the target waveform. Advanced markers measure the following values.

• Moving markers Moving markers move along the waveform and show marker values (wavelength and

level) in the data area.

They are the same as the moving markers described above, except they do not have

the fixed marker function.

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• Power density markers Power density markers move along the waveform and show marker values (power

values per normalization bandwidth) in the data area.

• Integrated power markers Integrated power markers move along the waveform and show marker values

(integrated power value over the specified wavelength range) in the data area.

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2.3 Waveform Display

Single Search

• PEAK SEARCH A peak search (a search for the maximum value) is performed on the marker trace

waveform.

An advanced marker is displayed at the peak point, and the marker value is displayed

in the data area.

If the peak level is off the screen, its marker is displayed at the top or bottom edge of

the screen. Even in this situation, the correct marker value is displayed.

After the measurement has been completed, you can use the rotary knob to move

the moving marker. You can use the arrow keys to scroll through the data area.

• BOTTOM SEARCH A bottom search (a search for the minimum value) is performed on the marker trace

waveform.

An advanced marker is displayed at the bottom point, and the marker value is

displayed in the data area.

If the bottom is off the screen, its marker is displayed at the top or bottom edge of the

screen. Even in this situation, the correct marker value is displayed.

After the measurement has been completed, you can use the rotary knob to move the

moving marker. You can use the arrow keys to scroll through the data area.

• NEXT LEVEL SEARCH On the marker trace waveform, the advanced marker at the peak or bottom is set to

the next peak (local maximum value) or bottom (local minimum value).

If such peak or bottom is not found, a warning appears.

WARNING 103: No data in active trace

• NEXT SEARCH RIGHT On the marker trace waveform, the advanced marker at the peak or bottom is set to

the peak (local maximum value) or bottom (local minimum value) on its right.

If such peak or bottom is not found, a warning appears.

WARNING 103: No data in active trace

• NEXT SEARCH LEFT On the marker trace waveform, the advanced marker at the peak or bottom is set to

the peak (local maximum value) or bottom (local minimum value) on its left.

If such peak or bottom is not found, a warning appears.

WARNING 103: No data in active trace

Displaying Wavelength Difference and Level Difference

This function places a fixed marker and measures the wavelength difference and level difference compared to a moving marker.

Note

For details, see the explanation in section 6.9, “Displaying Markers.”

Displaying Line Markers

When line markers are displayed, the marker values are shown in the upper left part of the waveform area. When both wavelength line markers 1 and 2 are displayed, or both level line markers 3 and 4 are displayed, the wavelength difference (L2-L1) or level difference (L4-L3) is shown below the marker values.

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Note

For details, see the explanation in section 6.9, “Displaying Markers.”

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2.3 Waveform Display

Split Display <<See section 6.10 for the operating procedure>>

You can split the screen into an upper and lower display (SPLIT mode). You can assign trace waveforms to either the upper or lower split. TRACE A UP/LOW This function is used to set whether to put trace A on top or on bottom during upper/lower split display. If you select UP, it is assigned to the top. (Default) If you select LOW, it is assigned to the bottom.

Noise Mask <<See section 6.11 for the operating procedure>>

This key is used to display a waveform so that parts of the waveform at or below the set value are masked. In addition, when a noise mask value is set, the waveform is overwritten in real time. When you press the NOISE MASK soft key, the current noise mask value is displayed in the noise mask value setting screen. The allowed settings for the noise mask setting are OFF (-210 dBm), and the range from -100 to 0 dBm (fine: in steps of 1; coarse: in steps of 10).

Peak/Bottom Search <<See sections 6.13 and 6.14 for the operating procedure>>

The peak/bottom search function has two search modes: single, in which a single peak or a single bottom of the measured waveform’s level are detected, and multi, in which multiple peaks and bottoms are detected in a single search. Markers are displayed at the peak and bottom points. You can also detect the next level peak or bottom. There is also an auto search function that automatically performs peak/bottom searches during each sweep. This is useful when you want to observe the changes to the peak and bottom levels during repeat sweeping.

Functions

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2.4 Analysis

Spectrum Width Analysis <<See section 7.1 for the operating procedure>>

You can display the spectrum width and center wavelength using the following four types of calculation.

• THRESH method

• ENVELOPE method

• RMS method

• PEAK RMS method

Notch Width Measurement <<See section 7.2 for the operating procedure>>

With notch width measurement, it is possible to measure pass band width / notch width from the measured waveform of a filter with V-character type or U-character type wavelength characteristics.

Device Analysis <<See sections 7.3 and 7.4 for the operating procedure>>

Light source parameters can be analyzed from the measured waveform of each light source (DFB-LD, FP-LD, LED).

DFB-LD SMSR Measurement

The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) can be measured from the DFB-LD measured waveform.

FP-LD and LED TOTAL POWER Measurement

Optical power can be measured by integrating the measured waveform level measurements.

PMD Measurement <<See section 7.6 for the operating procedure>>

It is possible to measure the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a DUT (such as an optical fiber) by using the instrument in combination with an analyzer, polarization controller, polarizer, and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source, highoutput LED light source, or other wideband light source.

WDM Analysis <<See section 7.7 for the operating procedure>>

You can analyze WDM transmission signals. You can also measure OSNR of a DWDM transmission system with 50 GHz spacing. Measurements of WDM signal wavelength, level, wavelength interval, and OSNR can be made collectively on up to 1024 channels, and the analysis results can be displayed in a data table.

Optical Amp Analysis <<See section 7.8 for the operating procedure>>

Measurement can be performed of the optical amp gain and noise figure from measured waveform of the signal light going into the optical amp, as well as the measured waveform of the output light leaving the optical amp.

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Optical Filter Characteristics Measurement

<<See section 7.9 for the operating procedure>>

Optical filter characteristics can be measured from the measured waveform of the light input to the optical filter from the light source, as well as from the measured waveform light output from the optical filter. Analysis can be performed not only on optical filters with only one mode, but also multimode WDM filters.

Measurement of Level Fluctuations in Single-Wavelength Light

<<See section 7.11 for the operating procedure>>

This function is used to measure changes over time in the level of a specific wavelength level. The sweep width is set to 0 nm, and measurement of the single-wavelength light is taken. The horizontal axis is the time axes. It is useful for purposes such as optical axis alignment when a light source is input to an optical fiber.

Template <<See section 7.12 for the operating procedure>>

The template function compares preset reference data (template data) with a measured waveform. In addition, if a function for displaying the target spectrum (target line) on the measurement screen is used, the target spectrum can be referenced while adjusting the optical axis of an optical device.

2.4 Analysis

Functions

The following three templates are provided.

• Upper limit line

• Lower limit line

• Target line

Go/No Go Judgment <<See section 7.12 for the operating procedure>>

The Go/No Go test function compares the active trace waveform against reference data (template data) preset by the user, and performs a test on the measured waveform (Go/ No Go test). The template function can be used effectively in situations such as pass/fail tests on production lines.

Analysis between Line Markers

<<See section 7.13 for the operating procedure>>

You can specify an analysis range with line markers. Analysis is performed in the range outlined by the two line markers.

Analysis in the Zoom Area <<See section 7.13 for the operating procedure>>

You can specify the zoomed area as the analysis range. For example, there is a zoom area power measurement function. This function calculates totalized power between display scales. It is effective for purposes such as ASE evaluation on optical amplifiers.

Analysis Data Logging <<See section 7.15 for the operating procedure>>

The analysis data logging function measures and records WDM analysis, DFB-LD analysis, and peak data at regular intervals. The recorded data can be shown on the screen in tables or graphs. In addition, the contents in tables can be saved to a file in CSV format. The following types of data are recorded for WDM analysis and peaks.

• WDM analysis: Wavelength, level, SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)

• Peak: Wavelength, level

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2.5 Other

Using the USB Mouse <<See section 4.2 for the operating procedure>>

With a connected USB mouse you can perform the same operations as with the instrument’s panel keys. Also, if you move the mouse pointer over the item in the menu screen that you wish to select and click it, the instrument responds exactly as if you had pressed the corresponding soft key. The USB mouse is connected to the connector on the front panel of the instrument.

Registering Soft Keys <<See section 9.1 for the operating procedure>>

Frequently used soft keys can be registered in the soft key menu. Registering soft keys reduces the steps needed to execute their functions. Twenty-four soft keys can be registered. By default, all keys are unregistered.

Data Initialization <<See section 9.2 for the operating procedure>>

You can restore all settings to their factory defaults. The parameter setting values and data of each function are initialized.

Help <<See section 9.3 for the operating procedure>>

Displays an explanation of the soft key menus. Certain soft keys have additional help text (“MORE INFO”). MORE INFO contains detailed explanations of the corresponding soft keys.

Locking Keys <<See section 9.5 for the operating procedure>>

This function locks key input temporarily to prevent users from operating the AQ6370D through the keys. Even when the keys are locked, soft keys registered as USER keys can be used for operation.

Remote (Separate Manual)

An external device can be connected to the instrument through the GP-IB port or another port to remotely control the instrument. This function requires a special connector cable for connecting with the external device. For details, see the separate user’s manual, “Remote/Program Function.”

Program (Separate Manual)

The program function allows you to control an external instrument without using a PC. The function uses Ethernet, RS-232, or GP-IB. For details, see the separate user’s manual, “Remote/Program Function.”

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Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

3.1 Installing the Instrument

WARNING

• This instrument is designed to be used indoors. Do not install or use it outdoors.

• Install the instrument so that you can immediately remove the power cord if an abnormal or dangerous condition occurs.

• The instrument has a built-in reference light source for wavelength calibration, and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

CAUTION

Do Not Apply Shock to the Instrument

Non-horizontal orientation, and do not drop the instrument from a height of 2 cm or more. This can adversely affect the accuracy of the internal monochromator and inhibit performance. Take great care when transporting the instrument, and use packaging with a shock absorbing capacity that is greater than or equal to the packaging used upon shipment from the factory. Never use inferior packaging materials that are unable to sufficiently absorb vibrations and shocks occurring during transport. This can adversely affect the accuracy of the internal monochromator and inhibit performance.

Preparing for Measurement

When unpacking

When the instrument is packaged in a box and moved, prevent condensation by allowing sufficient time for the instrument to acclimatize before removing it from the box.

Installation Conditions

Install the instrument so that the following conditions are met.

Flat Horizontal Location

Place the instrument in a stable location that is flat in all directions. If the instrument is used in an unstable or angled surface, the accuracy of the internal monochromator can be compromised.

Location without Vibration

Do not install the instrument in a location subject to vibration. Use in a location that experiences large vibrations can lead to instability of operation, measurement stopping before completion, or notable decreases in accuracy of the wavelength and level axes.

Well Ventilated Location

Ventilation holes are present at the sides and rear of the instrument. To keep the internal temperature from rising, always maintain a gap of 200 mm or more between the ventilation holes and the installation surfaces.

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Inlet holes (also on the bottom panel)

3.1 Installing the Instrument

Also be sure to maintain sufficient clearance for connecting measurement cables.

20 cm or more

Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Ambient temperature: 5 to 35°C Ambient humidity: 80% RH or lower (no condensation present)

Note

Condensation may occur if the instrument is moved to another place where the ambient temperature is higher, or if the temperature changes rapidly. In such cases, allow sufficient time for the instrument to adjust to the ambient temperature before use. When the instrument is packaged in a box and moved, prevent condensation by allowing sufficient time for the instrument to acclimatize before removing it from the box.

Do Not Install the Instrument in the Following Places

• Outdoors.

• Dangerous locations where flammable or explosive gasses, vapors, or dust is present, or where the possibility of explosions or fires exists.

• In direct sunlight or near heat sources.

• Where an excessive amount of soot, steam, dust, or corrosive gas is present.

• Location where mechanical vibration is high.

• In an unstable place.

• Where the instrument is exposed to water or other liquids.

20 cm or more

General Handling Precautions

• Do Not Place Anything on Top of the Instrument

Never stack instruments or place any other objects on top of the instrument, especially

those containing water. Doing so can lead to malfunction.

• Take Proper Care When Carrying the Instrument

The instrument should always be carried by two people. Hold the instrument by the

handles on the sides of the case. The instrument weighs approximately 19 kg. Take precautions against injuries when carrying it. remove the power cable, and confirm that no other cables are connected before carrying the instrument.

• Clean the Instrument Properly

When removing dirt from the case or operation panel, disconnect the power to the

circuits under test and the instrument, remove the instrument’s power cord from the power outlet, then wipe gently with a clean, dry cloth. Do not use volatile chemicals since this might cause discoloring and deformation.

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Also, always turn the power switch OFF,

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3.2 Attaching the Connector Adapter

Attach the optional connector adapter before using the instrument.

WARNING

Always turn the power OFF before replacing the connector adapter. The instrument has a built-in reference light source for wavelength calibration (when the built-in light source specification is -L1), and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

CAUTION

• As there may be dust adhering to calibration output, be sure to clean it before attaching the connector adapter.

• Do not exhale or blow compressed air into the monochromator from the optical input. Doing so may allow dust or other materials to enter the monochromator, adversely affecting its optical performance. Also, if debris is adhering to the optical components inside the monochromator when a strong light source is input, the monochromator may be damaged.

• When attaching or removing the connector adapter, carefully insert it perpendicularly to the ferrule so as not to damage the ferrule end.

• Moving the connector adapter to the right or left or inserting it forcefully can damage the ferrule or the connector adapter.

Preparing for Measurement

A connector adapter is required for connecting the optical connector to the AQ6370D. On products with the /FC, /SC, /RFC, or /RSC option, connector adapters come attached to the optical input and calibration light source output on the AQ6370D front panel. On products without these options, attach a connector adapter appropriate for the optical connector.

Note

Attachment Procedure

A different connector adapter is used for OPTICAL INPUT and CALIBRATION OUTPUT. Make sure not to use the wrong connector adapter.

Confirm that the power is OFF.

Open the optical connector cover at the front of the instrument.

Clean the ferrule edge of the optical I/O section using a swab soaked with a small

amount of pure alcohol.

Insert the connector adapter all the way in.

Push the connector adapter’s lock lever down.

The adapter has been attached correctly if the groove in the lock lever interlocks with the latch pin of the optical input/output section.

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Panel

Latch pin

Optical input

Connector

SC type

FC type

3.2 Attaching the Connector Adapter

Removal Procedure

Confirm that the power is OFF.

Turn the connector adapter’s lock lever up. The lock lever’s lock is released.

Pull the connector adapter all the way out.

Close the optical connector cover at the front of the instrument.

Explanation

Types of Connector Adapter

The connector adapter for internal reference light output (AQ9441) comes in the following two types.

FC type

The optical input connector adapter (AQ9447) comes in the following two types.

section

Ferrule

adapter

Lock lever

Attached

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Optical Connectors Types

The instrument can use FC or SC type optical connectors.

Cap

FC type optical connector

Cap

SC type optical connector

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3.3 Connecting the Device

Connecting the Mouse

You can use a USB or PS/2 mouse.

Supported USB Mouse

The instrument can support a USB HID Class Ver. 1.1 compliant mouse (with wheel).

Connections

Connect a USB mouse to one of the USB interfaces on the front or rear panel of the instrument.

Confirm that MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel is OFF.

Orient the mouse connector so that it matches the orientation of the interface,

Note

• There are 2 USB interfaces each on front and rear panels, but do not connect more than

• In addition to a USB mouse, the USB interfaces can be used to connect USB storage and

For information on operations using the mouse, see section 4.2.

Connecting a Keyboard

You can connect a keyboard for entering file names, comments, and other items. Also, the functions and settings of the instrument are assigned to keyboard keys, allowing you to manipulate them with a keyboard just as you would by using the instrument’s panel keys.

Preparing for Measurement

then insert the connector.

one mouse at a time.

keyboards.

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Supported Keyboards

The instrument supports any 101 English USB keyboard.

Connecting

Connect a USB keyboard to one of the USB interfaces on the front or rear panel of the instrument.

Confirm that the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel is OFF.

Orient the mouse connector so that it matches the orientation of the interface,

then insert the connector.

Note

• There are 2 USB interfaces each on front and rear panels, but do not connect more than one keyboard at a time.

• In addition to a USB keyboard, the USB interfaces can be used to connect USB storage and a USB mouse.

For information on operations using the keyboard, see section 4.2.

3-5

USB connector

3.3 Connecting the Device

Connecting a USB Storage Device

Supported USB Storage Devices

The instrument supports USB memory (USB card adapters). You cannot use a USB storage device not recognized by the instrument. If the USB storage device’s drive is partitioned, only the primary partition (F:) is recognized. If there are two or more USB storage devices, only the first connected device is recognized. If you restart the instrument, it the USB storage devices that were connected will still be recognized.

Connections

Connect the USB storage device to the USB connector on the front panel of the instrument.

Removing

See section 8.1. (Using the REMOVE USB STORAGE soft key.)

CAUTION

Do not remove the USB storage device or turn the power OFF while the USB storage device access indicator is blinking. This can damage the data on the device or the device itself.

Connecting with Other Devices

You can use the GP-IB, RS-232C, or Ethernet interface to connect other external instruments to the AQ. For details, see the Remote Control User’s Manual, IM AQ6370C17EN.

Note

When connecting a GP-IB instrument such as an external computer, or a CRT or other display to the instrument, always turn OFF the power to the instrument and the instruments to be connected first. Leaving the power ON while making connections can damage the equipment.

USB

POWER

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3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Before Connecting the Power

Take the following precautions before turning on the power supply. Failure to do so can result in electric shock or damage to instruments.

WARNING

• Before connecting the power cord, ensure that the power supply source voltage matches the rated supply voltage of the instrument and that it is within the maximum rated voltage of the provided power cord.

• Check that the instrument’s power switch is OFF before connecting the power cord.

• To prevent the possibility of electric shock or fire, always be sure to use the power cord supplied for the instrument by YOKOGAWA.

• Make sure to implement protective earth grounding to prevent electric shock. Connect the instrument’s power cord into a three-prong electrical outlet with a protective grounding terminal. The AC outlet must be of a three-prong type with a protective earth ground terminal.

• Do not use an extension cord without protective earth ground. Otherwise, the protection function will be compromised.

• Use an outlet that is compatible with the accessory power cord, and be sure to connect protective grounding. Do not use the instrument if the power outlet does not provide appropriate protective grounding.

Preparing for Measurement

Preparing to Turn ON the Power

The AQ6370D has a MAIN POWER switch for turning the main power ON/OFF, and a POWER switch for starting and shutting down the instrument. The POWER switch is a

push-button switch; press once to turn it ON and press again to turn it OFF.

• Confirm that the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument is OFF.

• Connect the power cord plug to the power connector on the rear panel.

• Connect the other end of the cord to an outlet that meets the following conditions. Use a grounded three-prong outlet.

Item

Rated supply voltage* 100 VAC to 240 VAC Permitted supply voltage range 90 VAC to 264 VAC Rated power supply frequency 50/60 Hz Permitted supply frequency range 48 Hz to 63 Hz Maximum power consumption Approx. 100 VA

* This instrument can use a 100 V or a 200 V power supply. The maximum rated voltage differs

according to the type of power cord. Before you use the instrument, check that the voltage supplied to it is less than or equal to the maximum rated voltage of the power cord provided with it (see page iii of the Getting Started Guide, IM AQ6370D-02EN, for the maximum voltage rating).

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3-7

Three-prong outlet

AQ6370D-02, -12, -22

AQ6370D-01, -10, -20

AQ6370D-02, -12, -22

AQ6370D-01, -10, -20

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

CAUTION

Do not input a strong light source to the instrument when turning the power ON. If a strong light source is input, the optical section can be damaged.

Power On and Screen Display

Connect the power cord to the power cord connector on the back side of the

instrument.

Power cord (accessory)

Turn ON the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument. The

Press the POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument. The color of

POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument lights orange.

100

150VA

240V

FUSE

the switch turns from orange to green. The operating system starts up, and initialization of the instrument begins.

The instrument will not start for a few seconds immediately after step 2 even if you press the POWER switch.

USB

POWER

3-8

The initialization screen appears, and the internal initialization process starts. STEP 1/9 through STEP 9/9 are displayed in the lower right part of the screen to indicate the progress of initialization.

IM AQ6370D-01EN

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

CAUTION

Do not press the POWER or MAIN POWER switches while initialization is in progress. Doing so can cause malfunction.

Operations Performed When the power is Turned On

If initialization finishes successfully, a message appears prompting you to execute wavelength calibration and alignment adjustment.

The contents of the message are as follows. For this instrument to meet its specification, a Wavelength Calibration and an Optical

Alignment Adjustment must be performed. Please perform these operations according to the guidelines below.

Wavelength Calibration

Perform wavelength calibration before starting measurement (a warm-up of one

Preparing for Measurement

hour is also required prior to measurement). Unless the Wavelength Calibration is carried out, the wavelength accuracy of the instrument cannot be guaranteed.

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Alignment Adjustment

Always perform alignment adjustment the first time you use the instrument, if the

instrument was vibrated when being moved, or if the temperature in the operating environment has changed. Perform the alignment adjustment after a one-hour warm-up.

See section 3.6 for details on the alignment adjustment operation, and 3.7 for wavelength calibration.

When the Power-on Operation Does Not Finish Normally

Turn off the power switch, and check that :

• The instrument is installed properly. See section 3.1, "installing the instrument."

• The power cord is connected properly. See the previous page.

If the instrument still does not work properly, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer for repairs. If an error occurs in the memory or some other part of the instrument during initialization, the AQ6370D will stop running with "STEP @ / 9" showing on the screen (where @ is a number between I and 9). If this occurs, repairs are necessary. Contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer immediately.

3-9

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Note

Turning the Power OFF

CAUTION

Do not cut the power to the instrument with the MAIN POWER switch on the rear panel when an operation is in progress. The operating system configuration file will not be backed up, possibly resulting in malfunctions upon start up the next time the instrument is turned ON. Always use the above procedure to shut down.

The instrument “remembers” measurement conditions, selected soft keys, waveforms being displayed, and other information. When the power is turned ON, the state of the instrument prior to the last shut down is restored. When the power is turned ON for the first time, the instrument starts up in the factory default state.

Press the POWER switch on the front panel of the instrument. A shut down

confirmation message is displayed along with the YES and NO soft keys.

Press the YES soft key. The message, “AQ6370D is shutting down. Please wait...”

appears, and shut-down begins. If you do not wish to shut down, press the NO soft key. The screen returns to the original soft key menu.

After the POWER switch changes from green to orange, turn OFF the MAIN

POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument.

You can also shut down the instrument using panel keys and soft keys.

Press SYSTEM.

Press the MORE soft key repeatedly until the MORE 4/4 menu is displayed.

Press the SHUT DOWN soft key.

Press the YES soft key. Shut down begins.

After the POWER switch changes from green to orange, turn OFF the MAIN

POWER switch on the rear panel of the instrument.

3-10

Note

If for some reason the instrument fails to shut down normally, hold down the for approximately four seconds or longer to force standby mode. Note that the operating system configuration file will not be backed up, possibly resulting in malfunctions upon start up the next time the instrument is turned on.

POWER

switch

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Explanation

Screen when the instrument was not shut down

If the shutdown procedure was not performed after the previous session, the following message appears after start up. Failure to properly shut down the instrument can result in damage to the monochromator. When turning OFF the power, always perform the shut down procedure. Press any key to clear this message.

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

Preparing for Measurement

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3.5 Connecting the DUT

WARNING

Do not look at the optical fiber laser light that you are measuring or point the laser at another person’s eye. Doing so may cause eye damage or impair one’s health.

CAUTION

• Before connecting an optical fiber to the instrument, make sure that the start-up initialization process has finished. If a strong light source is input during start-up, the optical section can be damaged.

• Be sure to clean the tip of the optical fiber’s optical connector before connecting.

• Do not try to forcefully attach the optical fiber’s optical connector with the plug inserted at a slanted angle. Doing so may damage the instrument’s optical connector’s components or the connector itself.

• Before connecting the input light, make sure that it does not exceed the

AQ6370D’s maximum rated level. If input light exceeding the maximum rated

level is introduced, the optical section may be damaged.

• Press the optical connector hard against the cleaning surface of the special cleaner to clean it. If it is not pressed hard against the cleaning surface, it may not be possible to properly clean the optical connector.

Cleaning the Optical Fiber End Face

Firmly press the connector end face of the optical fiber against the cleaning

While pressing the end face against the cleaner, turn it once.

While pressing the end face against the cleaner, move it.

Repeat steps 1 to 3.

Note

• If you do not firmly press the connector end face of the optical fiber against the cleaner, the

• You can purchase an optical fiber connector cleaner from NTT-AT Corporation.

surface of the cleaner.

end face may not be cleaned completely.

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IM AQ6370D-01EN

Connecting Optical Fibers

AQ6370D

Optical fiber

Open the instrument’s optical input connector cover.

Connect the optical fiber’s optical connector to the optical input connector on the

instrument.

Setting the optical fiber connector

Press SETUP. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the FIBER CONNECTOR soft key. Pressing the key repeatedly toggles

between NORM and ANGLED. Set ANGLED if the optical fiber under test is APC (angle lap PC). Otherwise, set NORMAL.

Note

• If you set FIBER CONNECTOR to ANGLED, is displayed in the measurement conditions area.

• The instrument's measurement accuracy specification is for when FIBER CONNECTOR is set to NORM

Connecting the DUT (Light Source)

Clean the top of the optical connector on the other end of the optical fiber with a

10.

fiber cleaner.

Connect the optical connector on the other end of the optical fiber to the optical

11.

connector on the DUT.

3.5 Connecting the DUT

Preparing for Measurement

Measuring System

Light source

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3-13

3.6 Alignment Adjustment

M optical fiber

AQ6370D

WARNING

The instrument has a built-in reference light source for wavelength calibration, and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

Procedure

Adjusting Alignment Using the Built-in Reference Light Source (when the built-

in light source specification is -L1)

Turn the power to the instrument ON. Turn ON the MAIN POWER switch and

press the POWER switch. For instructions on turning the power ON and OFF, see section 3.4.

Use a 9.5/125 µm SM optical fiber to connect the instrument’s optical input

connector with the optical output connector.

S (9.5/125 µm)

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the OPTICAL ALIGNMENT soft key.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Alignment adjustment is automatically executed.

Adjustment finishes a few minutes thereafter, and you are returned to the original screen.

Press the CANCEL soft key to cancel alignment adjustment partway through the

process.

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Optical fiber

AQ6370D

3.6 Alignment Adjustment

Note

• After alignment has been executed, wavelength calibration is also performed automatically inside the instrument.

• The alignment adjustment has no effect if the process is stopped. The instrument remains in the state prior to execution of the alignment adjustment.

Adjusting Alignment Using an External Light Source (when the built-in light

source specification is -L0)

Alignment adjustment can be performed on the AQ6370D using a light source that you provide. The external light source must meet the following conditions.

Wavelength range: 1520 to 1560 nm, -20 dBm or higher Level stability: 0.1 dBp-p or less Wavelength stability: ±0.01 nm or less A stable single-wavelength light source such as a DFB-LD

Connecting the External Light Source

Turn on the AQ6370D.

Turn on the MAIN POWER switch and then press the POWER switch.

For instructions on how to turn on and off the power, see section 3.4.

Connect the external light source’s optical output connector to the AQ6370D’s

optical input connector using a 9.5/125 μm SM (single mode) optical fiber.

Light source

Preparing for Measurement

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Alignment Adjustment

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the OPTICAL ALIGNMENT soft key.

• When a Light Source Other Than the AQ6370B/AQ6370C Reference Light Source Is Connected

Press the EXTERNAL LASER soft key.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Alignment adjustment is executed. When the

alignment adjustment finishes, the previous screen returns.

• When the AQ6370B/AQ6370C Reference Light Source Is Connected

Press the BUILT-IN SOURCE (AQ6370C/D) soft key.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Alignment adjustment is executed. It will take

approximately 2 minutes for the alignment adjustment to complete. When the alignment adjustment finishes, the previous screen returns.

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3.6 Alignment Adjustment

If you press the CANCEL soft key while the alignment adjustment is in progress,

it will be canceled.

Note

• It will take approximately 2 minutes for the alignment adjustment to complete.

• After alignment is executed, the AQ6370D does not automatically perform internal wavelength calibration. Perform wavelength calibration according to the instructions in “Wavelength Calibration Using an External Light Source” in section 3.7, “Wavelength Calibration.”

• If you cancel alignment adjustment, it will be invalid. The AQ6370D will be in the same condition as it was before alignment adjustment was executed.

Explanation

Types of Optical Fibers

The instrument can use single mode optical fibers with core diameters of 5 to 9.5 μm, and multimode (GI) optical fibers with core diameters of 50 and 62.5 μm. Functions may

be limited or restricted depending on which type of optical fiber is used. The table below shows which of the typical types of fiber may be used and the limitations on their use.

Limitations on Wavelength Resolution

The maximum wavelength resolution for the instrument is 0.020 nm, which is only obtainable when using a single-mode optical fiber with a core diameter of 9.5 μm or less. As shown in Table, the maximum wavelength resolution decreases when optical fibers with thicker core diameters are used. Setting a resolution value finer than those shown in the table below will simply result in an inaccurate measurement level without improving resolution. Optical fibers with a thick core diameter are especially useful for inputting spatial light for measurement, but they have poor resolution. Choose the best type of optical fiber for your particular application.

Note that the instrument is designed for input through optical fiber only. It will not work with inputs that do not pass through optical fiber, such as direct input of a gas laser beam to the optical input connector, or bonding an LED to the optical input connector. It is important to note that optical spectrum measurements taken through such inputs are completely unreliable. For spatial light measurements, input the spatial light to the optical fiber and from the optical fiber to the instrument. A variety of adapters are available for this purpose.

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3.6 Alignment Adjustment

Summary of usable optical fiber types and usage limitations

Optical Fiber Type Obtained Wavelength Absolute Level Resolution (in nm) Accuracy Type Core Diameter

SM 5 0.020 NG SM 9.5 0.020 OK GI 50 0.050 NG GI 62.5 0.050 NG SI 50 0.050 NG SI 80 0.100 NG SI 100 0.200 NG SI 200 0.500 NG SI 400 1.000 NG SI 800 2.000 NG

Level Accuracy below the Cutoff Wavelength (Short Wavelength) of a

Connected Optical Fiber

With wavelengths at or below the cutoff level of the connected fiber, light propagates through the optical fiber in multiple modes. When high-coherent light from a light source such as a gas laser or DFB-LD light source propagates in multiple modes, speckle noise contained in the optical fiber output light may become unstable by the optical fiber’s form, resulting in an inaccurate measurement level. In such cases, improving the coupling between the light source and the optical fiber will lessen the level inaccuracy.

Preparing for Measurement

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3.7 Wavelength Calibration

WARNING

The instrument has a built-in reference light source for wavelength calibration (when the built-in light source specification is -L1), and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause severe injury and loss of vision.

Procedure

Wavelength Calibration Using the Internal Reference Light Source

Turn the power to the instrument ON.

Turn ON the MAIN POWER

For instructions on turning the power ON and OFF, see section 3.4.

Use a 9.5/125 µm SM optical fiber to connect the instrument’s optical input

connector with the optical output connector.

Press the SYSTEM key. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the WL CALIBRATION soft key.

switch and press the POWER switch.

Press the BUILT-IN SOURCE soft key.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

Note

• Always perform wavelength calibration after turning ON the power to the instrument and

• If you are using this instrument for the first time or using it after it has been severely shaken

• If the wavelength error of the instrument is outside of ±5 nm, you cannot perform wavelength

(Readjustment required. Contact your nearest Yokogawa representative.)

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

wavelength calibration process.

allowing the warm-up to finish.

while being moved, you must perform the alignment adjustment procedure after warm-up ends.

calibration with the internal reference light source.

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Wavelength Calibration Using an External Light Source

Optical fiber

AQ6370D

Instead of using the internal reference light source, it is also possible to calibrate the instrument using an external light source. However, the following light sources cannot be used for wavelength calibration.

• If the set wavelength is not the same as that of the calibration light source.

• If the wavelength error of the instrument is outside of ±0.5 nm. (Readjustment required. Please contact your nearest Yokogawa representative.)

• If you are using a reference light source with multiple absorption lines, and the instrument’s wavelength shift is greater than the wavelength interval of the absorption lines (with the result that an adjacent absorption line is used as the reference wavelength).

Connecting the External Light Source

Turn the power to the instrument ON.

Press the MAIN POWER

For instructions on turning the power ON and OFF, see section 3.4.

Use a 9.5/125 µm SM optical fiber to connect the external light source’s optical

output connector with the optical input connector.

Light source

switch and press the POWER switch.

3.7 Wavelength Calibration

Preparing for Measurement

Setting the Type of External Light Source and Calibration Wavelength Value

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the WL CALIBRATION soft key.

Select the type of external light source (laser-type external light source or gas cell absorption line type external light source) and set the calibration wavelength value. There are three different ways to set the wavelength value.

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3-19

3.7 Wavelength Calibration

For Laser Type Light Sources

Press the EXECUTE LASER soft key. A screen for specifying the wavelength of

the external light source is displayed.

Select the laser wavelength value using the rotary knob or the arrow keys. The

allowed wavelength range is 600 to 1700 nm.

Press nm/ENTER. The wavelength value is set.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

wavelength calibration process.

For Gas Cell Absorption Line Type Light Sources

Press the EXECUTE GAS CELL soft key. A screen for specifying the wavelength

Select the gas cell absorption line wavelength value using the rotary knob or the

Press nm/ENTER. The wavelength value is set.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

of the external light source is displayed.

arrow keys. The allowed wavelength range is 600 to 1700 nm.

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

wavelength calibration process.

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Using the Instrument’s Internal Calibration Wavelength Value

Press the CALIB WL SELECT soft key. The soft key menu changes to show

Press the soft key corresponding to the appropriate wavelength value.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Wavelength calibration is executed. The previous

Press the CANCEL soft key during wavelength calibration to cancel the

3.7 Wavelength Calibration

wavelength values.

screen is displayed again after the calibration process ends.

wavelength calibration process.

Preparing for Measurement

Note

It is not necessary to perform calibration on multiple wavelengths. If calibration is performed on multiple wavelengths, only the results from the final calibration are applied.

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3.7 Wavelength Calibration

Calibration Table

Editing the User Calibration table. (Wavelength)

Editing the User Calibration table. (Level)

Press SYSTEM.

Press the WL OFFSET TABLE soft key. The wavelength calibration table appears

along with a soft key menu for editing calibration values.

Press arrow soft keys to move the cursor to the wavelength to be edited, then

press the WL EDIT soft key. A screen for entering numerical values is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric keypad.

Press ENTER.

Note

Normally, it is not necessary to use this function.

Press SYSTEM.

Press the LVL OFFSET TABLE soft key. The level calibration table appears along

with a soft key menu for editing calibration values.

Press arrow soft keys to move the cursor to the wavelength to be edited, then

press the LEVEL EDIT soft key. A screen for entering numerical values is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric keypad.

Press ENTER.

Note

Normally, it is not necessary to use this function.

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IM AQ6370D-01EN

3.8 Resolution Calibration

Optical fiber

AQ6370D

Procedure

The resolution of the AQ6370D can be calibrated using a light source that you provide.

Connecting the External Light Source

Turn on the AQ6370D.

Turn on the MAIN POWER switch and then press the POWER switch.

For instructions on how to turn on and off the power, see section 3.4.

Connect the external light source’s optical output connector to the AQ6370D’s

optical input connector using a 9.5/125 μm SM (single mode) optical fiber.

Light source

Note

For the light source, use a stabilized single-mode laser light. Set the optical output power to –20 dBm or higher. Use a light source with a level stability of 0.1 dBp-p or less. Use a light source with a line width of 5 MHz or less.

Preparing for Measurement

IM AQ6370D-01EN

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE soft key repeatedly until the MORE 4/4 menu is displayed.

Press the RES BW CALIBRATION soft key. A resolution calibration soft key menu

and a message explaining how to perform resolution calibration appear.

The message also contains the wavelength value of the previous resolution

calibration.

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Wavelength value of the previous resolution calibration

If calibration has not been performed or has been cleared, “No User Cal” will appear.

3.8 Resolution Calibration

Setting the Calibration Wavelength Value

Press the LASER WAVELENGTH soft key. A screen for setting the external light

source wavelength appears.

Using the rotary knob or arrow keys, set the laser wavelength value.

The selectable wavelength range is 1400 nm to 1620 nm.

Press nm/ENTER. The wavelength value is set.

Press the EXECUTE soft key. Resolution calibration is executed. After the

calibration finishes, the original screen returns.

If you press the CANCEL soft key while the resolution calibration is in progress, it

10.

will be canceled.

CAL appears when a resolution calibration has been performed. Clicking CAL displays a resolution calibration soft key menu (shortcut feature).

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IM AQ6370D-01EN

Clearing the Resolution Calibration Value

Press the INITIALIZE soft key. The calibration value will be cleared.

Explanation

0.05 nm or less). The resolution calibration function measures the equivalent noise

bandwidth at each resolution setting and internally sets the resolution bandwidth to the result. The resolution bandwidth appears in parentheses in each of the resolution soft keys on the resolution screen. The resolution bandwidth accuracy affects the results of noise measurements and the results of optical power measurements of wideband light sources. In detail, the resolution bandwidth is used when the following analysis and computation functions are executed.

• WDM analysis

• EDFA-NF (optical amp gain, NF measurement)

• Power analysis

• OSNR and total power of DFB-LD analysis

• Total power of FP-LD analysis

• Total power of LED analysis

• Power density markers, Integrated power markers

3.8 Resolution Calibration

Preparing for Measurement

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3-25

Before resolution calibration

After resolution calibration

Equivalent noise bandwidth = Resolution bandwidth

Measurement resolution used in the analysis algorithm (e.g. EDFA-NF)

3.8 Resolution Calibration

Peak value

3dB

3 dB bandwidth = Resolution bandwidth

The number displayed on the soft key

Filter response of the optical spectrum analyzer

The equivalent noise bandwidth is the width of the equivalent rectangle formed by keeping the spectrum area constant.

Filter response of the optical spectrum analyzer

For details on the RES BW parameters, see “NF computation related parameters” in the explanation of section 7.8.

If the RES BW parameter is set to “MEASURED,” the resolution bandwidth is determined from the TRACE B waveform.

If the RES BW parameter is set to “CAL DATA,” the resolution bandwidth stored in the AQ6370D is used.

Resolution Calibration Not executed or cleared

Resolution calibration executed

TRACE B waveform

3 dB

MEASURED

Value stored in the AQ6370D

Peak value

3 dB width

Equivalent noise bandwidth

Calibration table (CAL DATA)

Factory default resolution bandwidth

Calibration table (CAL DATA)

Resolution bandwidth after executing resolution calibration

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The analysis algorithm other than EDFA-NF uses the value stored in the AQ6370D.

Clearing the Resolution Calibration Value

The calibration table of equivalent noise bandwidth is cleared. After clearing, the 3 dB width resolution bandwidth is used in the analysis algorithm calculations. Use this function when you need to align with existing analysis data.

IM AQ6370D-01EN

3.9 Important Points During Measurement

Types of Optical Fibers

The instrument can use single mode optical fibers with core diameters of 5 to 9.5 μm, and multimode (GI) optical fibers with core diameters of 50 and 62.5 μm. Functions may

be limited or restricted depending on which type of optical fiber is used. The table below shows which of the typical types of fiber may be used and the limitations on their use.

Limitations on Wavelength Resolution

The maximum wavelength resolution for the instrument is 0.020 nm, which is only

obtainable when using a single-mode optical fiber with a core diameter of 9.5 μm or less.

As shown in Table, the maximum wavelength resolution decreases when optical fibers with thicker core diameters are used. Setting a resolution value finer than those shown in the table below will simply result in an inaccurate measurement level without improving resolution. Optical fibers with a thick core diameter are especially useful for inputting spatial light for measurement, but they have poor resolution. Choose the best type of optical fiber for your particular application.

Preparing for Measurement

Summary of usable optical fiber types and usage limitations

Optical Fiber Type Obtained Wavelength Absolute Level

Resolution (in nm) Accuracy

Type Core Diameter

SM 5 0.020 NG SM 9.5 0.020 OK GI 50 0.050 NG GI 62.5 0.050 NG SI 50 0.050 NG SI 80 0.100 NG SI 100 0.200 NG SI 200 0.500 NG SI 400 1.000 NG SI 800 2.000 NG

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3.9 Important Points During Measurement

Input Optical Fiber Numerical Aperture (NA) and Level Measurement Values

The level measurement error of the instrument changes as shown in the figure below, according to the numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber connected to the input

connector. The instrument’s absolute level is calibrated using a 9.5/125 μm single-mode optical fiber (SSMA type in JIS C6835, with PC polishing, 9.5 μm mode field diameter,

and 0.104 to 0.107 NA). Even if a single-mode optical fiber is used, the level accuracy will be outside the specifications if the NA is not in the range shown above.

Input optical fiber numerical aperture and level error (typical characteristics)

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00

-0.10

-0.20

Level error (dB)

-0.30

-0.40

-0.50

0.101 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.105 0.106 0.107 0.108 0.109 0.110

Numerical Aperture

Absolute Level Accuracy

The instrument’s absolute level is calibrated with a 9.5 μm single-mode optical fiber.

In terms of actual capability, even single-mode optical fibers that do not have a core

diameter of 9.5 μm provide nearly the same level of accuracy.

Multimode (GI) fiber provides a relatively accurate spectrum if the light source is lowcoherent light such as white light, natural light, or an LED. If the light source has high coherency as in the case of a laser beam, interference will occur inside the optical fiber, and the intensity distribution of light radiating from the fiber tip will vary according to the fiber form. As a result, the spectrum (measurement level) may fluctuate if the fiber is moved. When an optical fiber with a large core diameter or large NA value is used, a low fraction of the light emitted from the optical fiber is received. Therefore, the measurement level is lower than the true value, but the optical spectrum is accurate in relative terms.

Level Accuracy below the Cutoff Wavelength (Short Wavelength) of a

Connected Optical Fiber

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Waveform with CHOP MODE OFF CHOP MODE set to SWITCH

3.9 Important Points During Measurement

Measurement Sensitivity and Vertical Axis Effective Range

When the measurement sensitivity is set to NORMAL HOLD, the internal amplifier has a fixed gain. Five different gains are set automatically according to the reference (REF) level setting. However, the effective range of measurement data is limited to the following range, using the reference (REF) level (dBm) as a reference.

REF-20 dBm < (effective range) < REF+10 dBm

If the level scale is set to 10 dB/DIV, the display would exceed the effective range, so the areas at 10 dB from the screen stop and 20 dB from the bottom are inaccurate. When measurement sensitivity is set to NORMAL HOLD, we recommend setting the level scale to 5 dB/DIV or less. Under the measurement sensitivity settings NORMAL AUTO, MID, and HIGH 1 to 3, an automatic gain is used, permitting measurements over a wide level range through a single sweep. Select the appropriate sensitivity level based on the light reception level required for the particular measurement application.

Stray Light from the Monochromator

The instrument has a newly designed, high-performance monochromator. Depending on the measurement conditions, stray light at a level 30 to 50 dB below the original spectrum, as well as other stray light specific to the monochromator may occur in wavelength areas 100 to 200 nm from the peak wavelength. If this stray light is likely to have a severe impact on measurements, the sensitivity can be set to HIGH 1 to 3 and CHOP MODE can be set to CHOP or SWITCH in order to reduce the effects of the stray light.

Preparing for Measurement

CHOP MODE Function List

CHOP

MODE

OFF

SWITCH

Measurement according to the stray light.

Stray light suppression ratio: 40 dB or more

Two sweeps per measurement are performed. The first sweep measures the stray light component, and high dynamic measurement is possible through subtraction.

Stray light suppression ratio: 60 dB or more

Function Merit Defect

Measurement time is rapid even for high sensitivity measurements.

Short-duration measurement can be taken with stray light removed.

Since the stray light is also measured, the low level component is not accurate if the light source is of high power.

If the measurement duration is long, it is influenced by temporal changes in the measured light.

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3.9 Important Points During Measurement

Ripples in the 1350 to 1450 nm Area

Water (OH-) ions present in the monochromator absorb light in the 1350 to 1450 nm area, resulting in ripples in the measurement waveform. Either set a coarser resolution or use the monochromator in a lower-humidity environment to reduce the amount of ripples.

Waveforms with Resolutions of 0.020 nm

When the resolution is set to 0.020 nm for measurements of a light source such as a DFB laser in which with the spectral width is narrower than the instrument’s resolution, very small spikes may occur at the skirts of the waveform. This type of spike occurs due to characteristics of the optical block and is not an indication of any problem. Even if such spikes occur, satisfactory performance in terms of resolution, dynamic range, and the like can be ensured. These spikes will disappear if the resolution is set to a coarser value.

Brightness of the installation location

The instrument’s shielding specifications indicate use in common office or factory environments (with illumination of 300 to 1000 Ix). Therefore, depending on the illumination in the installation location, the instrument may receive some ambient light which can affect measurements of light with small level measurement values. In such cases, turn lights around the instrument OFF to reduce inaccuracies.

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Second-Order Diffracted Light

1800

Wavelength displayed on screen (nm)

ex. 633 nm

The ghost spectrum of the second-order

3.9 Important Points During Measurement

The monochromator in this instrument uses a diffraction grating, and when light in a certain wavelength range is input, a “grating ghost” of second-order diffracted light appears. Therefore, it is important to understand this distinctive characteristic in order to correctly analyze the measured results from the instrument. The graph below shows the correlation between the wavelength displayed on screen and the actual wavelength. The displayed wavelength is on the horizontal axis, with the true wavelength on the vertical axis. The solid lines in the graph indicate correspondences between displayed and actual wavelengths. The thick solid line is the correlation with the correct light spectrum (of course, the displayed wavelength and actual wavelength match), and the thin solid line shows the correlation with the ghost spectrum of the second-order diffracted light. For example, if 633 nm light is input, a horizontal line is drawn at 633 nm on the vertical axis, and the point of intersection on the graph of the line is the displayed wavelength. From this, you can see that besides 633 nm, a grating ghost appears at 1266 nm.

Relationship between the Wavelength Displayed on Screen and the Actual Wavelength

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

Actual wavelength (nm)

1000

900

800

700

600

500

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 180

Second-order diffracted light

1266 nm

Preparing for Measurement

Example of measurement in which second-order diffracted light appears at 1266 nm

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diffracted light

3-31

Indicates that there is a submenu of additional items related to

Press to display a separate window in the screen for entry of

Press to move to the submenu and display a separate window.

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

When you press a function key, the soft key menu (inside the screen) located on the right side of the screen changes. The soft key menus are designed to provide a certain level intuitiveness, with the individual soft keys having particular forms which make them easy to understand.

Forms and Behavior

This is a normal soft key. Press to execute its function immediately.

Contains a submenu.

the current item. Press to display the submenu.

A separate window will be displayed.

numerical parameters. A submenu and separate window will be displayed.

Common Operations

This softkey returns to the previous menu.

Press to display the previous soft key menu. This is a selection soft key.

Select one of the soft keys connected with the black band. When selected, the soft key is displayed in reverse video. Several soft keys can be connected.

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The LEVEL soft key menu is split into two parts. This key switches between the menus. In addition, in some cases this may change to a function that closes the window. For example, when the MORE 1/2 soft key is pressed, the menu changes to the LEVEL 2/2 soft key menu, and the key display changes to MORE 2/2.

In this example, the soft key menu is within

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

Display Examples

LEVEL 1/2 LEVEL 2/2

REF LEVEL

***.*dBm

LOG SCALE

SUB LIN

**.*dB/D

LIN SCALE

SUB SCALE

**.*dB/km

LIN BASE LEVEL

SUB SCALE

**.*mW

PEAK → REF LEVEL

AUTO REF LEVEL

OFF / ON

LEVEL UNIT

dBm dBm/nm

Y SCALE SETTING

Y SCALE DIVISION

8 / 10 / 12

REF LEVEL POSITION

**DIV

SCALE MIN

LENGTH

AUTO SUB SCALE

OFF / ON

SUB REF LVL POSITION

**.*dB/D

*.***/D

**.*%/D

* *.* %

**.***km

**DIV

LE VEL

MORE 1 / 2

Y SCALE SETTING

LEVEL

RETURN

LEVEL

MORE 2 / 2

Shows the submenu of the soft key menu.

the Y SCALE SETTING submenu (for display only, no keys are available).

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4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

Using the Mouse

With a connected mouse you can perform the same operations as with the instrument's panel keys. Also, if you move the mouse pointer over the item in the menu screen that you wish to select and click it, the instrument responds exactly as if you had pressed the corresponding soft key. The USB mouse is connected to the USB interface on the front panel of the instrument. For instructions on connecting the mouse, see section 3.3.

Operations the Same as the Panel Keys

Displaying the Top Menu

Right-click the mouse in the screen. The names of the front panel keys in the instrument's FUNCTION section are displayed.

CENTER SPAN LEVEL SWEEP ZOOM SETUP TRACE DISPLAY MARKER PEAK SEARCH ANALYSIS USER MEMORY FILE PROGRAM ADVANCE SYSTEM UNDO/LOCAL COPY PRESET HELP

Common Operations

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Selecting Items

Move the pointer to the item you wish to select and click. A setting menu for the selected item appears. The list of front panel key names disappears.

Clearing the List of Front Panel Keys

Move the pointer away from the list of front panel keys and click.

Operations the Same as the Soft Keys

Selecting Functions from the Soft Key Menu

Move the pointer to the soft key you wish to select and click. A screen corresponding to the action of the soft key appears.

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4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

Using the External Keyboard

The functions of each of the front panel keys of the instrument are assigned to keyboard keys, allowing you to manipulate them with a keyboard just as you would by using the instrument's panel keys. The panel key correspondence table below shows the correspondences between the panel keys and the keys on the keyboard. Also, you can directly enter labels, file names, and numbers.

Panel Key Correspondence Table

Type Function

Sweep SWEEP [SHIFT]+[F1] Executes/sets sweep

CENTER [SHIFT]+[F2] Sets measurement center wavelength SPAN [SHIFT]+[F3] Sets measurement span LEVEL [SHIFT]+[F4] Sets level axis SETUP [SHIFT]+[F5] Sets resolution, sensitivity, etc. TRACE [SHIFT]+[F6] Sets trace ZOOM [SHIFT]+[F7] Sets display scale DISPLAY [SHIFT]+[F8] Sets screen display MARKER [SHIFT]+[F9] Sets marker SEARCH [SHIFT]+[F10] PEAK/BOTTOM search function ANALYSIS [SHIFT]+[F11] Sets analysis function USER [ALT]+[F1] User settings menu MEMORY [ALT]+[F2] Memory FILE [ALT]+[F3] Saves/opens files, file actions PROGRAM [ALT]+[F4] Program Functions ADVANCE [ALT]+[F5] Advanced functions SYSTEM [ALT]+[F6] System settings F1 to F9 F1 to F9 Depends on FUNCTION menu

UNDO/LOCAL [ALT]+[F9]

COPY [ALT]+[F10] Screen copy

PRESET [ALT]+[F11]

HELP [ALT]+[F12]

Numeric keypad 0123456789.- Numeric value input

BACK SPACE Back Space

um/ENTER None Confirms entry nm/ENTER ENTER Confirms entry Rotary knob [→], [←] Changes numeric values/items Arrow keys ([UP]

[DOWN])

COARSE [ALT]+[N]

FUNCTION

Soft keys

Auxiliary keys

DATA ENTRY

Meas. settings

Display settings

Analysis functions

Other

External

Keyboard

[↑], [↓]

Description

Local: UNDO function Remote: Returns to the local state.

Clears settings except remote settings Displays Help (use UNDO/LOCAL to exit Help)

Deletes one character from input value

Numeric value one-step change, item change, table scrolling Switches between fine and coarse encoder

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4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

DATA ENTRY

Numeric keypad

Entering Numerical Values

You can use the numeric keypad, rotary knob, or arrow keys in the DATA ENTRY section.

Press the soft key of a parameter. The currently set value is shown in the

parameter input window.

Direct Entry Using the Numeric Keypad

Press a numeric keypad key. The numeric keypad input area appears, and the

number of the pressed key is displayed.

After entering a numerical value, press the μm/ENTER or nm/ENTER key

depending on the unit of the input parameter. The value in the numeric keypad input area appears in the parameter input window, and is set internally. If a parameter does not have a unit associated with it, you can use either the μm/ ENTER or nm/ENTER key.

If you make an error when inputting values with the numeric keypad:

Press BACK SPACE. The last (right-most) entered character in the numeric

keypad input area is removed, allowing entry of the correct character.

Common Operations

Note

• If the value entered with the numeric keypad is not in the allowed value range, the nearest

• By holding the BACK SPACE key down, you can erase the entire entry in the numeric

Entry Using the Rotary Knob and Arrow Keys

Continuing on from step 1, turn the rotary knob, or press an arrow key. The

When you press the COARSE key the digit of the setting to be changed rises,

allowed value will be set.

keypad input area and make the numeric keypad input area disappear, returning to the condition preceding numeric keypad input.

currently set value is changed.

or the numeric value increase/decrease step increases. Press the COARSE key again to restore the previous digit/step.

When COARSE is selected, the COARSE key lights.

Rotary knob

COARSE

Arrow keys

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BACK

SPASE

ENTER

nm/

ENTER

4-5

Manipulate preset word

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

Entering Strings

Character strings can be entered from the character selection area displayed on screen using the rotary knob and soft keys.

Entry Procedure

The following is an example of entering a label.

Press DISPLAY. The soft key menu for the screen display appears.

Press the LABEL soft key. The text selection area and label entry area are

displayed.

Move cursor to right

Move cursor to left

Insert character

Delete character

Delete all characters

Enter characters

Finalize entry

Discard changes

Move the cursor to the character in the character selection area that you wish

to enter. Use the rotary knob or arrow keys to move the cursor in the character selection area.

Press the ENTER soft key. The character selected at the cursor position in the

label input area is displayed.

To move the cursor, or insert or delete a character in the label input area, press

the corresponding soft key.

When the character string is entered, press the DONE soft key. The input

character string is entered.

Note

• In addition to when pressing DISPLAY, the character input screen appears whenever a string must be entered on the instrument, such as when entering a file name for saving a file.

• Numerical input can be performed directly from the numeric key pad.

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4.4 Screen Display

Procedure

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE soft key repeatedly until the MORE 3/4 menu is displayed.

Setting the Number of Displayed Digits for Level Data

Press the LEVEL DISP DIGIT soft key. The digit setting menu is displayed.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired number of digits.

1DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 1 digits. 2DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 2 digits. 3DIGIT Sets the number of level data display digits (below the decimal point) to 3 digits.

Transparent Display

Common Operations

Transparent Display

Continuing on from step 2, press the WINDOW TRANSPARENT OFF ON soft

key. Transparent display turns ON or OFF. When ON, the parameter input window and overview display window are displayed transparently.

Changing the Display Colors

Continuing on from step 2, press the COLOR SELECT soft key. The display color

setting menu is displayed.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired display color.

COLOR1 COLOR2 COLOR3 COLOR4 COLOR5 B&W

Changing the Display Colors

Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 1”. Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 2”. Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 3”. Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 4”. Sets the screen display color to “COLOR 5”.

Sets the screen display color to black-and-white.

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4.5 Setting the Date and Time

The AQ6370D displays the date and time in the upper right corner of the screen. This information is used for a time stamp when recording data.

Displaying the Date and Time Dialog Box

Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu is displayed.

Press the MORE soft key repeatedly until the MORE 3/4 menu is displayed.

Press the SET CLOCK soft key. The internal clock setting screen is displayed.

Entering the Date and Time

Press the CURSOR -> soft key, then move the cursor to the item you wish to

input. The cursor moves each time you press the soft key.

Press a numeric key button to enter a number.

Press ENTER. The input number is entered.

Changing the Display Format

Press the MO-DY-YR soft key.

The date is displayed in the order Month, Day, Year.

Press the DY-MO-YR soft key.

The date is displayed in the order Day, Month, Year.

Press the YR-MO-DY soft key.

The date is displayed in the order Year, Month, Day.

Concluding the Settings

Press the RETURN soft key. The settings are concluded, and the screen returns

to the previous stage.

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Screen after auto sweep start value

Chapter 5 Measurement

5.1 Auto Measurement

Procedure

This key automatically sets the optimal measurement conditions for the light source being measured, and performs measurement.

Press SWEEP. The soft key menu regarding sweeping appears.

Press the AUTO soft key. The soft key display reverses, and auto measurement

executes.

Measurement

Waveform display example

Screen after auto sweep stop

Explanation

The wavelength range of input light that can be auto-measured is 840 to 1670 nm. The following four items are set automatically, after which measurement is performed.

• Center wavelength (CENTER)

• Sweep width (SPAN)

• Reference level (REF LEVEL)

• Resolution (RESOLUTION)

After performing one auto sweep and setting optimal measurement conditions, a repeat sweep is made for measurement. During the automatic setting, only the following keys are enabled: REPEAT, SINGLE, STOP, and UNDO/LOCAL (when under remote control).

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Procedure

Setting Up the Horizontal Axis

The units of the horizontal axis can be set to wavelength or frequency.

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the HORIZON SCAL nm/THz soft key. The units for the horizontal axis

switch from THz to nm, or viceversa.

Note

Pressing the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key repeatedly toggles between nm and THz.

Setting the Measured Wavelength to Air Wavelength or Vacuum Wavelength

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the MEAS WL AIR VACUUM soft key. The measured wavelength is

changed to either a vacuum wavelength or an air wavelength.

Note

• This function only applies to measurements taken after the setting is selected. Previously measured waveforms are not affected.

• If vacuum wavelength is set, is displayed at the very bottom of the screen in inverse video.

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Setting Up the Vertical Axis

Setting to Log Scale Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

Press the LOG SCALE soft key. The vertical axis is displayed with the currently

specified log scale values. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a log scale value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Measurement

Setting to Linear Scale Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

Press the LIN SCALE soft key. The vertical axis is displayed with the currently

specified linear scale values.

Press the LIN BASE LEVEL soft key. A screen for setting the lower-end value of

the level scale is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

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5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Setting Units for the Vertical Axis

Press LEVEL.

Press the LEVEL UNIT soft key. When the vertical axis is log scale, the

instruments toggle between dBm and dBm/nm each time you press the key. With

a linear scale, it scrolls through nW, μW, mW, or pW, and nW/nm, μW/nm, mW/nm

or pW/nm.

Setting the Number of Vertical Axis Divisions (for LOG SCALE)

Press LEVEL.

Press the LOG SCALE soft key.

Press the Y SCALE SETTING soft key. The level scale setting menu is displayed.

Press the Y SCALE DIVISION soft key. The soft key menu for selecting a number

of divisions is displayed.

Press a soft key corresponding to 8, 10, or 12 divisions. The level axis is

displayed with divisions as selected.

Note

• This is only available when the main scale is a log scale.

• When it is a linear scale, the number of divisions is fixed at 10.

Reference Level Screen Position Setting (for LOG SCALE)

Continuing on from step 3, press the REF LEVEL POSITION soft key. A screen

for setting the screen position of the reference level (REF position) is displayed.

Enter a value starting from the bottom of the screen using the rotary knob, arrow

keys, or numeric key pad. The setting range is 0 to 12. The setting resolution is steps of 1, or steps of 1-2-5 when COARSE is pressed.

Press ENTER.

Note

• This is only available when the main scale is a log scale.

• If the REF position value is larger than the number of divisions, it is forcibly reduced to the number of divisions.

• When using linear scale, the REF position is at the top (fixed to 10 divisions).

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Explanation

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

Wavelength Display Mode

• Displays the measured waveform with the wavelength on the X axis.

• The measurement scale and display scale are set based on the wavelength.

• The X axis unit for marker values and analysis function results is wavelength.

Frequency Display Mode

• Displays the measured waveform with the frequency on the X axis.

• The measurement scale and display scale are set based on the frequency.

• The X axis unit for marker values and analysis function results is frequency.

Display Units of the X-Axis and Marker Values

The display unit for the marker value (wavelength or frequency) can be set independently of the waveform display’s horizontal axis units (wavelength or frequency) that were specified using the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key under SETUP. (Default: nm) (This key can be used to enter settings such as frequency display mode on the X axis and wavelength display mode for the marker value.)

Also, the MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting changes in conjunction with the setting of the HORIZON SCALE soft key. However, changing the MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting does not change the setting for the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key.

Measurement

Note

The MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting changes in conjunction with the setting of the HORZN SCALE soft key. However, changing the MARKER UNIT nm THz soft key’s setting does not change the setting for the HORIZON SCALE nm/THz soft key.

LOG SCALE **.*dB/D

This key switches the vertical axis to LOG display and sets the level scale. The setting range is 0.1 to 10.0 dB/DIV. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1 dB. If you press the COARSE key you can change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps, for example: 1dB/DIV -> 2dB/DIV -> 5dB/DIV. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale. If the value is set to a scale larger than 5 dB/DIV in range fixing mode (SENS:NORMAL/ HOLD) or pulse light measurement mode, the waveform will not be correctly measured in the vertical direction so a warning is displayed.

Measurement Sensitivity and Vertical Axis Effective Range

REF-20 dBm < (effective range) < REF+10 dBm

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5-5

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

LIN SCALE

This key is used to set the main scale to linear scale. Settings per 1 DIV are set in the reference level.

LIN BASE LEVEL **.*mW

Value when the vertical axis is linear scale, you can set the level scale low-end. This is not available when using a log scale. The setting range is 0.0 to REF level x 0.9. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key. Values can only be set in the instrument set for the REF level. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale. The scale display in the upper left part of the waveform is 1/10 the value (*W/D) of the reference (REF) level minus the low-end (BASE) level. For information on the REF level setting, see section 5.4, "Setting the Reference Level."

LEVEL UNIT dBm dBm/nm

When the vertical axis is log scale, the display toggles between dBm and dBm/nm. dBm: Power per resolution (absolute power) dBm/nm: Power per 1 nm (power density) For information on the use of dBm and dBm/nm, see “Power Density Display” in section

2.2, “Measurement.” If you set a calculated waveform to power density, the level unit is automatically set to dBm. If power density is assigned as the calculated waveform to Trace F and the unit is set to dBm/nm, Trace F enters FIX mode, and the waveform is no longer updated.

LEVEL UNIT mW mW/nm

When the level axis uses a linear scale, the display switches between nW, μW, mW, or pW (absolute power), and nW/nm, μW/nm, mW/nm or pW/nm (power density).

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5.3 Sub Scale

Procedure

The level scale is displayed based on relative values when a differential waveform (based on LOG values) or normalized waveform is displayed. A level scale based on relative values is called a sub scale.

Displaying the Sub Scale

Following section 6.5, “Displaying MATH Waveforms” or section 6.6, “Normalized Display,” you can select a display waveform of differential or normalized.

Measurement

Automatic Scaling of the Sub Scale

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the AUTO SUB SCALE OFF ON soft key to select ON.

Setting the Sub Scale REF Position

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB REF LVL POSITION soft key. The REF position setting screen is

displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Note

The sub scale is displayed when a differential waveform (based on LOG values) and normalized waveform are displayed. When these waveforms are displayed over a waveform based on absolute values, the absolute value scale is shown on the left and the relative value scale is shown simultaneously on the right. If the left scale (main scale) is changed to LOG (8 DIV) or linear (10 DIV), the sub scale is displayed to correspond to the DIV count on the main scale.

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5.3 Sub Scale

Log Display of the Sub Scale

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the SUB LOG soft key. The sub scale is displayed with the currently

specified log scale values. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Units to dB/km

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB SCALE **.*dB/km soft key. The instruments of the sub scale

change to dB/km. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

When displaying the loss characteristics of the optical fiber per unit of length (km)

Continuing on from step 5, press the LENGTH soft key. The optical fiber length

entry screen appears.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Offset Value

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the OFFSET LEVEL soft key. The offset value (sub scale REF value)

setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

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Setting the Sub Scale to Linear Display

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key. The soft key menu for the sub scale appears.

Press the SUB LIN soft key. The sub scale is displayed with the currently

specified linear scale values. At the same time, the linear scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Units to %/D

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SUB SCALE **.*%/D soft key. The instruments of the sub scale display

change to %. At the same time, the log scale value setting screen is displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Setting the Sub Scale Lower-End Value

Press LEVEL.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the SCALE MIN soft key. The sub scale lower end value setting screen is

displayed.

Enter a value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

5.3 Sub Scale

Measurement

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5.3 Sub Scale

Explanation

SUB SCALE **.*dB/km

(Setting the sub scale to dB/km) The setting range is 0.1 to 10.0 dB/km. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. If you press the COARSE key you can change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps, for example: 1dB/DIV -> 2cB/DIV -> 5dB/DIV. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

SUB SCALE ***.*%/D

(Sets the sub scale to %.) The setting range is 0.5 to 125 %/D. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key. When the setting is changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

OFFSET LEVEL

(Sets the offset value. This is enabled when the sub scale is dB/D or dB/km. The range that can be set is as follows.) For dB/D: 0 to ±99.9 dB. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key. For dB/km: 0 to ± 99.9 dB/km in steps of 0.1.

SCALE MIN

(Sets the scale lower-end value. This is available when the sub scale is LIN or %. The range that can be set is as follows.) For LIN: 0 to the sub scale value (***.*/D) x 10 For %: 0 to the sub scale value (***.*%/D) x 10

LENGTH **.***km

(Sets the length of the optical fiber. This is available when the sub scale is dB/km.) The setting range is 0.001 to 99.999 km. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.001. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key.

AUTO SUB SCALE OFF/ON

(Turns OFF/ON the function for automatically scaling the sub scale following calculation.) When set to ON, during trace C display, SUB LOG or SUB LIN and OFFSET LEVEL change automatically. When these are changed, the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed scale.

When set to ON,

is displayed at the bottom of the screen in inverse video.

SUB REF LVL POSITION **DIV

(Sets the sub scale REF position.) The REF position is set at DIV number **, counting from the bottom of the screen. The setting range is 0 to 12. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 1. The value changes in steps of 1-2-5 if you press the COARSE key.

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5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Procedure

There are two ways of setting the reference level.

• Press the REF LEVEL soft key.

• Use the one-action key. The following explains these procedures.

Settings by Pressing the REF LEVEL Soft Key (Log Scale)

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

When the vertical axis is not using a log scale, press the LOG SCALE soft key. If

a log scale is displayed, continue to step 4.

Press the REF LEVEL soft key. The reference level setting screen is displayed.

Enter a reference value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press ENTER.

Measurement

Note

The vertical axis setting is applied in real time on the waveform display.

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5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Setting by Pressing the REF LEVEL Soft Key (Linear Scale)

Press LEVEL. The soft key menu for vertical axis settings appears along with the

reference level setting screen.

When the vertical axis is not using a linear scale, press the LIN SCALE soft key.

If a linear scale is displayed, continue to step 4.

Press the REF LEVEL soft key. The reference level setting screen is displayed.

Enter a reference value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

When a value is input a soft key menu for selecting the instrument appears.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired units. The reference level is set.

Note

When entered with the rotary knob or arrow keys, the reference level is set using the current units.

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Setting by Using the One-Action Key

Sets the peak level of the waveform as the reference level.

Press LEVEL.

Press the PEAK -> REF LEVEL soft key. The specified reference level is

5.4 Setting the Reference Level

displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed reference level.

Measurement

Automatically sets the peak level of the waveform measured every sweep

as the reference level.

Continuing on from step 1, press the AUTO REF LEVEL OFF/ON soft key to

select ON.

Note

• Sets the peak level of the measured waveform of the active trace as the reference level.

• This does not operate if the active trace is not set to WRITE (i.e., if it is set to MAX HOLD, MIN HOLD, CALCULATE, or ROLL AVG).

• When set to ON, is displayed at the bottom of the screen in inverse video.

Sets the moving marker level as the reference level.

Press MARKER.

With the moving marker displayed, press the MARKER-> REF LEVEL soft key.

The specified reference level is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed reference level.

For details on displaying moving markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

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5.4 Setting the Reference Level

Explanation

Log Scale (REF LEVEL)

The setting range for the log scale reference level is -90.0 to 30.0 dBm. Settings can be adjusted in steps of 0.1. The value changes in steps of 1 if you press the COARSE key.

Linear Scale (REF LEVEL)

The setting range for the linear scale reference level is 1.00 pW to 1000 mW.

When 1.00 to 9.99 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 0.01. When 10.0 to 99.9 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 0.1. When 100 to 999 (pW, nW, μW, mW), can be set in steps of 1.

If you press the COARSE key you can change the setting in 1-2-5 steps,

for example: 1pW -> 2pW -> 5pW -> 10pW -> 20pW. If you make a change such as changing 999 to 1.00 or 1.00 to 999, the instrument will be changed.

(Example: Changing pW to nW or changing nW to pW)

One-Action Keys

PEAK → REF LEVEL

Sets the peak level of the waveform of the active trace to the reference level. Displays the specified reference level (peak level value) and waveform in the reference level setting screen. The reference level setting can be changed after being set initially. The setting can be changed within the range of -90.0 to +30.0 dBm for LOG scale, or

1.00 pW to 1000 mW for linear scale. If the peak level value exceeds the allowed range, it is set to the nearest value in the range and a warning is displayed.

MARKER → REF LEVEL

This key is used to set the moving marker level as the reference level. Displays the specified reference level and waveform in the reference level setting screen. The reference level setting can be changed after being set initially. The setting can be changed within the range of -90.0 to +30.0 dBm for LOG scale, or 1.00 pW to 1000 mW for linear scale.

If the moving marker value exceeds the allowed range, it is set to the nearest value in the

range and a warning is displayed. In the following states, the MARKER → REF LEVEL

key is disabled.

• When the moving marker is OFF

• When both split screens are on HOLD

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5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Procedure

The following are three ways of setting the center wavelength (center frequency).

• Press the CENTER WL or CENTER FREQ soft key.

• Press the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ soft key.

• Use the one-action key (soft key). The following explains these procedures.

Setting by Pressing the CENTER WL or CENTER FREQ Soft Key

Press CENTER. The soft key menu for center wavelength or center frequency

appears along with the center wavelength or center frequency setting screen.

Press the CENTER WL soft key for center wavelength or the CENTER FREQ soft

key for center frequency.

Enter a center wavelength or center frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys,

or numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Measurement

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Setting with the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ Soft Key

Press CENTER. The soft key menu for center wavelength or center frequency

settings appears.

Setting the Start Wavelength or Start Frequency

Press the START WL soft key for start wavelength or the START FREQ soft

key for start frequency. The start wavelength or start frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a start wavelength or start frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Setting the Stop Wavelength or Stop Frequency

Press the STOP WL soft key for stop wavelength or the STOP FREQ soft key

for stop frequency. The stop wavelength or stop frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a stop wavelength or stop frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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Setting by Using the One-Action Key

Setting THRESH 3dB center to center

You can set the center wavelength or center frequency by pressing the one-action key one time in the soft key menu that appears when you press CENTER.

Press CENTER.

For the center wavelength setting, when using peak wavelength or peak

frequency, press the PEAK→CENTER soft key. For THRESH 3dB center wavelength or center frequency, press the MEAN WL→CENTER soft key. When using the currently displayed ZOOM scale, press the VIEW→MEAS soft key. The specified center wavelength or center frequency is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed center wavelength.

The peak wavelength or peak frequency of the waveform measured every sweep

can be set automatically to the center wavelength or center frequency.

Continuing on from step 1, press the AUTO CENTER OFF/ON soft key to select

ON.

Setting peak to center

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Measurement

Also, you can set the wavelength of the moving marker placed on the measured

waveform as the center wavelength or center frequency.

Press MARKER.

With the moving marker displayed, press the MARKER→CENTER soft key. The

Automatic setting

Using zoom scale

specified center wavelength or center frequency is displayed, and the displayed waveform is redrawn according to the changed center wavelength or center frequency.

For details on displaying moving markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

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5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Explanation

Center Wavelength

The setting range is 600.000 to 1700.000 nm. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1 nm steps. The value changes in 0.1 nm steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

Start Wavelength

The setting range is 50,000 to 1700.000 nm.

Stop Wavelength

The setting range is 600.000 to 2250.000 nm.

Note

• When the start or stop wavelength is set, one wavelength becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center wavelength value is also changed at the same time.

• Changing the center wavelength does not change the sweep width.

AUTO CENTER OFF/ON

This key sets whether the PEAK→CENTER soft key functions for each sweep.

When this key is set to ON, the peak is searched in the active trace waveform and set as the center wavelength automatically for each sweep. The active trace must be set to

WRITE. When ON is selected, video.

at the bottom of the screen is displayed in reverse

One-Action Keys

PEAK →CENTER

Sets the wavelength of the peak value to the center wavelength. After execution, the center wavelength set in the center wavelength setting screen is displayed. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

MEAN WL→CENTER

Sets the average of two wavelengths falling below the threshold value (3 dB) from the waveform peak of the active trace to the center wavelength. The center wavelength can be changed after the setting is made initially.

VIEW→MEAS

This key is used to set the currently set ZOOM scale (ZOOM CENTER, ZOOM SPAN, ZOOM START, ZOOM STOP) as the measurement scale (CENTER, START, STOP, SPAN). When you press this key, the current waveform display scale is set as the measurement scale for the next sweep.

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Center Frequency

The setting range is 176.5000 to 500.0000 THz. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 0.1 THz steps. The value changes in 0.01 THz steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

Start Frequency

The setting range is 11.5000 to 500.0000 THz.

Stop Frequency

The setting range is 176.5000 to 665.0000 THz.

Note

• When the start or stop frequency is set, one frequency becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center frequency value is also changed at the same time.

• Changing the center frequency does not change the sweep width.

AUTO CENTER OFF/ON

This key sets whether the PEAK→CENTER soft key functions for each sweep.

When this key is set to ON, the peak is searched in the active trace waveform and set as the center frequency automatically for each sweep.The active trace must be set to

WRITE. When ON is selected, video.

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

Measurement

at the bottom of the screen is displayed in reverse

One-Action Keys

You can set the center frequency with the one-action key in the same manner as for the wavelength.

PEAK →CENTER

Sets the frequency of the waveform peak value of the active trace to the center frequency. After execution, the center frequency set in the center frequency setting screen is displayed. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

MEAN WL→CENTER

Sets the average of two frequencies falling below the threshold value (3 dB) from the waveform peak of the active trace to the center frequency. The center frequency can be changed after the setting is made initially.

VIEW→MEAS

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5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Procedure

The following are three ways of setting the sweep width.

• Press the SPAN WL or SPAN FREQ soft key.

• Press the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ soft key.

• Use the one-action key (soft key). The following explains these procedures.

Setting by Pressing the SPAN WL or SPAN FREQ Soft Key

Press SPAN. The soft key menu for sweep width settings appears along with the

sweep width setting screen.

Press SPAN WL for wavelength measurement or SPAN FREQ for frequency

measurement.

Enter a sweep width using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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Setting with the START WL/STOP WL or START FREQ/STOP FREQ Soft Key

Press SPAN. The soft key menu for sweep width settings appears.

Setting the Start Wavelength or Start Frequency

Press the START WL soft key for start wavelength or the START FREQ soft

Enter a start wavelength or start frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

Press nm/ENTER.

5.6 Sweep Width Settings

key for start frequency. The start wavelength or start frequency setting screen is displayed.

numeric key pad.

Measurement

Setting the Stop Wavelength or Stop Frequency

Press the STOP WL soft key for stop wavelength or the STOP FREQ soft key

for stop frequency. The stop wavelength or stop frequency setting screen is displayed.

Enter a stop wavelength or stop frequency using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press nm/ENTER.

Note

• It is not necessary to press nm/ENTER when using the rotary knob or arrow keys.

• The set value is applied to the measurement conditions area.

• When a setting is changed,

• If a value outside the setting range is entered, the nearest permitted value is set.

For instructions on switching the wavelength and frequency displays, see section 5.2.

appears in the measurement conditions area.

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5.6 Sweep Width Settings

Setting by Using the One-Action Key

Setting the Sweep Width from the Measured Waveform

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

Press SPAN.

Press the Δλ→ SPAN soft key. Sets the span as six times the RMS 20 dB width

of the active trace measurement waveform.

Press MARKER.

Press the MORE 1/3 soft key.

With the line markers 1 and 2 displayed, press the MK L1-L2→SPAN soft key.

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width.

For details on displaying line markers, see the explanation in section 6.8.

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Note

• If only one of the line markers is displayed, for L1, the wavelength on the right edge of the screen is set to the measurement stop wavelength. For L2, the wavelength on the left edge of the screen is set to the measurement start wavelength.

• The MKR L1-L2 ->SPAN soft key cannot be used under the following conditions.

• When both L1 and L2 are OFF.

• When both SPLIT screens are on HOLD.

• When the span of the active trace is 0 nm.

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Explanation

Wavelength Sweep Width

Start Wavelength

Stop Wavelength

5.6 Sweep Width Settings

The available setting range is 0, and 0.1 to 1100.0 nm. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

The setting range is 50,000 to 1700.000 nm. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.1 nm steps.

The setting range is 600.000 to 2250.000 nm. The value changes in 1 nm steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.1 nm steps.

Note

• Setting the sweep width changes the start wavelength and stop wavelength. The center wavelength/frequency does not change.

• Changing the center wavelength changes the start wavelength and stop wavelength. The sweep width does not change. When the start or stop wavelength is set, one wavelength becomes fixed, and this changes the value of the sweep width. In addition, the center wavelength value is also changed at the same time.

One-Action Keys

Δλ→SPAN

Sets the sweep width as six times the spectrum width (threshold 20 dB ) of the active trace measurement waveform with the RMS method.

MKR L1-L2 →SPAN

Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width. The setting range is 0.1 to 1100 nm (in 0.1 nm steps).

Frequency Sweep Width

The allowed settings are 0 and the range of 0.01 to 330.000 THz. If you press the COARSE key you can use the rotary knob or arrow keys to change the numerical value in 1-2-5 steps. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you do not press the COARSE key.

Measurement

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Start Frequency

The setting range is 11.5000 to 500,000 THz. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.01 THz steps.

Stop Frequency

The setting range is 176.5000 to 665.0000 THz. The value changes in 0.1 THz steps if you press the COARSE key. If you do not press it, the value changes in 0.01 THz steps.

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5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the RESOLUTION soft key. The resolutions that can be set appear in the

soft key menu.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired resolution. The screen returns

to the previous stage, and the value specified by the RESOLUTION soft key is displayed.

Note

• When entering an arbitrary value using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad in the resolution screen that appears when you press the RESOLUTION soft key, the soft key value that is closest to the entered value is set.

• The instrument displays if the settings for span, the number of sampling points, and

Corrective Action When “UNCAL” Is Displayed

Perform the following steps.

• Decrease the span.

• Increase the number of samples.

• Lower the resolution (increase the value).

• Select AUTO with the SAMPLING POINT soft key under SETUP.

The “UNCAL” display disappears if the span, number of samples, and the resolution settings are appropriate.

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Correcting the Resolution

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the MORE 1/2 soft key.

Press the RESOLN CORRECT OFF ON soft key. Each time you press the soft

Note

• Since the wavelength resolution function is set according to the monochromator slit width,

• If the resolution correction function is turned ON, measured data is processed by the

• Turn OFF the resolution correction function when performing measurement for which the

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

key the setting toggles between ON and OFF.

Measurement

the setting resolution and actual resolution may not match. For this instrument, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the actual resolution will be 0.09 nm for a 1450 nm wavelength, and 0.07 nm for a 1550 nm wavelength.

software so that it matches the set resolution. In the following cases, the resolution correction function has no effect even when turned ON.

• When the set resolution is 0.02 nm

• When the measured wavelength is 1400 nm or less

level accuracy is guaranteed.

When the resolution correction function is turned ON, set the correction mode (in R02.01 or later versions).

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Press SYSTEM. The soft key menu regarding the system appears.

Press the MORE soft key repeatedly until the MORE 4/4 menu is displayed.

Press the RES CORRECT MODE1/2 soft key. Each time you press the soft key

the setting toggles between MODE1 and MODE2.

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Setting resolution

Span

Setting resolution

Span

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

Explanation

Conditions under Which “UNCAL” Is Displayed

“UNCAL” is displayed when a single or repeat sweep is started based on the following relationship between span, setting resolution, and set number of samples:

When the resolution correction function is turned OFF

When the resolution correction function is turned ON

Waveforms with Resolutions of 0.020 nm

x 5 > Set number of samples –

x 10 > Set number of samples –

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Ripples in the 1350 to 1450 nm Area

Correction Mode (in R02.01 or Later Firmware Versions)

There are two correction modes: MODE1 and MODE2.

MODE1: It is the resolution correction function in firmware versions earlier than

R02.01.

MODE2: It provides the improved close dynamic range over MODE1. It is effective

when the resolution is 0.1 nm or wider.

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5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

Sets sampling interval

Procedure

The following are three ways in which the number of samples can be entered.

• Setting the number of samples directly

• Setting by the sampling interval

• Automatically setting the optimum number of samples or the sampling interval according to the sweep width (span) and resolution setting

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the SAMPLING POINT or SAMPLING INTERVAL soft key to set the

sampling point or sampling interval, respectively. To automatically set the sampling points and interval according to the span and wavelength (frequency) resolution settings, press SAMPLING POINT AUTO. The sampling points or interval setting screen is displayed.

If you pressed SAMPLING POINT AUTO, the sampling points and interval are set

automatically.

Enter a number of samples or interval using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or

numeric key pad.

Press ENTER. The sampling points or interval are set.

Measurement

Automatic setting

Sets sampling points

Note

• The instrument displays if the settings for span, the number of sampling points, and the resolution are inappropriate.

• See section 5.7 for the corrective actions when

is displayed.

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Interval

Span

Number of sampling points =

+ 1

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

Explanation

Sampling points (the number of points measured in a single sweep)

Sampling points are the number of points measured within the range of the specified span. The setting range is 101 to 50001.

Relationship between Sampling Points, Interval, and Span

The relationship between the number of samples, the interval, and the span is as follows.

Given the same span, the sampling points are automatically determined when the interval is known, and viceversa. For information about the allowed setting for the span, see the explanation in section 5.6, “Sweep Width Setting.”

Note

• Increasing the number of sampling points or decreasing the sampling interval reduces the sweeping speed.

• Settings that would cause the number of samples in the sweep range to be extremely few cannot be entered.

• If the setting for the number of samples is changed, the sampling interval value also changes accordingly.

Relationship with Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution

If settings are entered such that the sampling interval determined by the settings for the span and number of samples is extremely long relative to the wavelength (frequency) resolution, data may be lost. Enter settings that are appropriate for the resolution.

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5.9 Sensitivity Settings

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the SENS/MODE soft key. Seven sensitivity choices appear in the soft key

menu.

Press the soft key corresponding to the desired choice. The screen returns to the

previous stage, and the value specified by the SENS/MODE soft key is displayed.

Measurement

CHOP MODE Settings

Press the SENS/MODE soft key.

Press the CHOP MODE soft key.

Press the SWITCH soft key.

To turn CHOP MODE OFF, press the OFF soft key.

Note

If you set the CHOP MODE to SWITCH, the corresponding sensitivity soft key display will change to MID/SW or HIGH1/SW to HIGH3/SW.

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Waveform with CHOP MODE OFF CHOP MODE set to SWITCH

5.9 Sensitivity Settings

Explanation

CHOP MODE

This mode activates the internal chopper of the monochromator. Stray light specific to the monochromator is reduced by turning the chopper. When CHOP MODE is set to SWITCH, measurements of better S/N can be made. You can set the CHOP MODE to SWITCH if the sensitivity setting is HIGH1 to HIGH3 or MID.

CHOP MODE Function List

CHOP MODE

OFF

SWITCH

Measurement according to the stray light.

Stray light suppression ratio: 40 dB or more

Two sweeps per measurement are performed.

The rst sweep measures the

stray light component, and high dynamic measurement is possible through subtraction.

Function Merit Defect

Measurement time is rapid even for high sensitivity measurements.

Short-duration measurement can be taken with stray light removed.

Since the stray light is also measured, the low level component is not accurate if the light source is of high power.

If the measurement duration is long, it is

inuenced by temporal

changes in the measured light.

Stray Light from the Monochromator

Stray light suppression ratio: 60 dB or more

The instrument has a newly designed, high-performance monochromator. Depending on the measurement conditions, stray light at a level 30 to 50 dB below the original spectrum, as well as other stray light specific to the monochromator may occur in wavelength areas 100 to 200 nm from the peak wavelength. If this stray light is likely to have a severe impact on measurements, the sensitivity can be set to MID or HIGH 1 to 3 and CHOP MODE can be set to SWITCH in order to reduce the effects of the stray light.

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5.10 Sweep Speed Settings

Procedure

Press SETUP. The soft key menu for sweep condition settings appears.

Press the SWEEP SPEED soft key. Each time you press the soft key, the setting

toggles between 1x and 2x.

Explanation

SWEEP SPEED

Sets the sweep speed. 1x This is the instrument's standard sweep speed. To meet the instrument's

2x Select this value to set the sweep speed to approximately twice the speed of

Measurements using this value have the following characteristics.

Measurement

specifications, set the sweep speed to this value. With the sweep speed set to this value, the instrument can measure light sources ranging from line spectrum (such as the DFB-LD) to broadband wavelength (such as LEDs) light sources.

the 1x value. Select this value when you are measuring light sources that have comparatively gentle spectrum shape level changes, such as LED light sources.

• If you select this value when “UNCAL” is displayed, for waveforms that have sharp spectrum shape changes, such as those produced by the DFB-LD, the level and wavelength measurement accuracies may be lower than those when you select 1x. First check the measurement spectrum, and then select this value if appropriate.

• The noise level is approximately 2 dB higher than that when you select 1x.

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Note

When you set the sweep speed to 2x, is displayed in the measurement conditions area.

5-31

YOKOGAWA AQ6370D User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

List of Manuals

Conventions Used in This Manual

Flow of Operation

Contents

Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions

1.1 Front Panel

1.2 Rear Panel

1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs

1.4 LCD Screen

Chapter 2 Functions

2.1 System Structure

2.2 Measurement

2.3 Waveform Display

2.4 Analysis

2.5 Other

Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement

3.1 Installing the Instrument

3.2 Attaching the Connector Adapter

3.3 Connecting the Device

3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF

3.5 Connecting the DUT

3.6 Alignment Adjustment

3.7 Wavelength Calibration

3.8 Resolution Calibration

3.9 Important Points During Measurement

Chapter 4 Common Operations

4.1 Description of Soft Keys

4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard

4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings

4.4 Screen Display

4.5 Setting the Date and Time

Chapter 5 Measurement

5.1 Auto Measurement

5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings

5.3 Sub Scale

5.4 Setting the Reference Level

5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting

5.6 Sweep Width Settings

5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings

5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings

5.9 Sensitivity Settings

5.10 Sweep Speed Settings