YASKAWA AQ6370B User Manual
User’s
Manual
AQ6370B
Optical Spectrum Analyzer
IM 735302-01E
1st Edition
Product Registration
Thank you for purchasing YOKOGAWA products.
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services.
Please allow us to serve you best by completing the product registration
form accessible from our homepage.
http://www.yokogawa.com/tm/
PIM 103-02E
i
IM 735302-01E
Foreword
Thank you for purchasing the AQ6370B Optical Spectrum Analyzer. This instrument
enables high speed measurement of the optical properties of LD and LED light sources,
optical amps, and other devices. To improve ease of use, it includes mouse-based user
operation and a brand-new zoom function.
This user’s manual describes the instrument’s functions, operating procedures, and
handling precautions, and provides other important information for use of the instrument.
For correct operation, please read this manual thoroughly before use. After reading this
manual, keep it in a convenient location for quick reference in the event a question arises
during operation. There are two manuals for the AQ6370B including this one. Read them
along with this manual.
Manual Title Manual No. Description
AQ6370B Optical Spectrum Analyzer IM 735302-01E This manual. Explains all functions
User’s Manual and operating procedures of the
(Vol 1/2) AQ6370B except remote control and
program functions.
AQ6370B/AQ6375 Optical Spectrum IM 735302-17E Explains functions for controlling the
Analyzer Remote Control instrument with communication
User’s Manual commands and program functions.
(Vol 2/2)
Notes
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result
of improvements in the instrument’s performance and functions. Display contents
illustrated in this manual may differ slightly from what actually appears on your screen.
• Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy
of its contents. However, should you have any questions or find any errors, please
contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.
• Copying or reproducing all or any part of the contents of this manual without the
permission of Yokogawa Electric Corporation is strictly prohibited.
• A warranty sheet is included. It cannot be reissued. After reading the sheet, keep it in
a safe location.
Trademarks
• Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
• Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe
Systems incorporated.
• The company and product names used in this manual are not accompanied by the
trademark or registered trademark symbols(TM,
)
• Other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective companies.
Revisions
• 1st Edition: August 2008
1st Edition : August 2008 (YK)
All Rights Reserved, Copyright © 2008 Yokogawa Electric Corporation
ii
IM 735302-01E
Checking the Contents of the Package
After opening the package, check the following items before beginning use. If any of the
contents are incorrect, missing, or appear to be abnormal, please contact your Yokogawa
dealer or representative.
AQ6370B Main Unit
Check that the model and suffix code on the name plate on the rear of the instrument
match those of your order. When contacting the dealer from which you purchased the
instrument, please give them the instrument number.
MODEL Suffix Code Description
735302 Optical Spectrum Analyzer AQ6370B
Power cord -D UL/CSA standard power cord (part no.: A1006WD),
maximum rated voltage: 125 V
-F VDE standard power cord (part no.: A1009WD),
maximum rated voltage: 250 V
-R AS standard power cord (part no.: A1024WD),
maximum rated voltage: 250 V
-Q BS standard power cord (part no.: A1054WD),
maximum rated voltage: 250 V
-H GB standard power cord (complies with the CCC)
(part no.: A1064WD), maximum rated voltage: 250 V
Options /FC AQ9447 (FC) connector adapter (for optical input)
/SC AQ9447 (SC) connector adapter (for optical input)
/ST AQ9447 (ST) connector adapter (for optical input)
/RFC AQ9441 (FC) universal adapter (for calibration light source
output)
/RSC AQ9441 (SC) universal adapter (for calibration light source
output)
/RST AQ9441 (ST) universal adapter (for calibration light source
output)
/B5 Built-in thermal printer
• No. (Instrument Number)
Please contact your nearest Yokogawa representative.
Accessories
Part Name Quantity
Power cord (with 3 to 2 prong adapter) 1
User’s manual 1
Remote control user’s manual 1
Printer roll paper (with /B5 option) 1
Accessories (Sold Separately)
Part Name Model/Part Number Specifications
AQ9447 connector adapter 810804602-FCC FC type (for optical input)
810804602-SCC SC type (for optical input)
810804602-STC ST type (for optical input)
AQ9441 universal adapter 813917321-FCC FC type (for calibration light source output)
813917321-SCC SC type (for calibration light source output)
813917321-STC ST type (for calibration light source output)
Printer roll paper B9988AE Lot size is 10 rolls, 10 meters each
iii
IM 735302-01E
Safety Precautions
This instrument is an IEC safety class I(provided with terminal for protective earth
grounding). The general safety precautions described herein must be observed
during all phases of operation. If the instrument is used in a manner not specified in
this manual, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired. Yokogawa
Electric Corporation assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these
requirements.
The following symbols are used on this instrument.
Danger, Refer to the user's manual.
This symbol appears on dangerous locations on the instrument which require
special instructions for proper handling or use. The same symbol appears in the
corresponding place in the manual to identify those instructions.
Alternating current
ON(power)
OFF(power)
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IM 735302-01E
Safety Precautions
Make sure to comply with precautions below. Not complying might result in
injury or death.
WARNING
• Use the Correct Power Supply
Before connecting the power cord, ensure that the source voltage matches the
rated supply voltage of the instrument and that it is within the maximum rated
voltage of the provided power cord.
• Use the Correct Power Cord and Plug
To prevent the possibility of electric shock or fire, be sure to use the power cord
supplied by YOKOGAWA. The main power plug must be plugged into an outlet
with a protective earth terminal. Do not disable this protection by using an
extension cord without protective earth grounding.
• Connect the Protective Grounding Terminal
Make sure to connect the protective earth to prevent electric shock before
turning ON the power. The power cord that comes with the instrument is a
three-prong type power cord. Connect the power cord to a properly grounded
three-prong outlet.
• Do not Impair the Protective Grounding
Never cut off the internal or external protective earth wire or disconnect the
wiring of the protective earth terminal. Doing so poses a potential shock hazerd.
• Do not Operate with Defective Protective Grounding or Fuse
Do not operate the instrument if the protective earth or fuse might be defective.
Make sure to check them before operation.
• Reference light source output light
The instrument has a built-in reference light source for wavelength calibration,
and infrared light is always being output from the optical output connector. Never
look into the optical output connector. Infrared light entering the eyes can cause
severe injury and loss of vision.
• Do not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable liquids or vapors.
Operation in such environments constitutes a safety hazard.
• Do not Remove Covers
The covers should be removed by YOKOGAWA’s qualified personnel only.
Opening the cover is dangerous, because some areas inside the instrument
have high voltages.
• Laser Class 1
This unit complies with “Class 1M laser product” defined in “IEC60825-1 , 2001”.
Never look at the optical output connector or the top end of the optical fiber
connected to the optical output connector while the infrared light is being output.
If the infrared light output is observed at a distance of 100mm or less from the
infrared light emitting part by means of optical method (loupe, magnifying glass,
microscope, etc.), this may cause eye injury. The infrared light cannot be seen.
However, if the infrared light enters your eye(s), this may cause eye injury and
the eyesight to be ruined excessively.
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IM 735302-01E
Safety Precautions
Safety Precautions for Laser Products
This instrument uses a laser light source. This instrument is a Class 1 laser product
as defined by IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser Products-Part 1: Equipment Classification,
Requirements and User’s Guide.
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
(IEC 60825-1:2001)
Laser Class 1 Label
If the laser output is observed at a distance of
100mm or less from the laser beam emitting
part by means of optical method (loupe,
magnifying glass, microscope, etc.), this may
cause eye unjury.
Class Laser Type Wavelength Maximum
Output Power
Diameter of
Mode Field
Numerical
Aperture
1 EE-LED 1.55µm 0.04mW 9µm 0.1
Make sure to comply with the precautions below. There are limitations to the
operating environment
CAUTION
This product is a Class A (for industrial environment) product. Operation of this
product in a residential area may cause radio interference in which case the user is
required to correct the interference.
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IM 735302-01E
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Directive 2002/96/EC
(This directive is only valid in the EU.)
This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking
requirement. This marking indicates that you must not discard this electrical/
electronic product in domestic household waste.
Product Category
With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this
product is classified as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste. When disposing products in the EU,
contact your local Yokogawa Europe B. V. office.
vii
IM 735302-01E
Conventions Used in This Manual
Safety Markings
The following markings are used in this manual.
Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage to
the instrument. This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate
that the user must refer to the user's manual for special instructions.
The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user's
manual to identify those instructions. In the manual, the symbol is
used in conjunction with the word “WARNING” or “CAUTION.”
WARNING
Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause serious or
fatal injury to the user, and precautions that can be taken to prevent
such occurrences.
CAUTION
Calls attentions to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to
the user or damage to the instrument or user’s data, and precautions
that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.
Note
Calls attention to information that is important for proper operation of
the instrument.
Notations Used on Pages Describing Operating Procedures
On pages that describe the operating procedures in Chapter 3 through 11, the following
notations are used to distinguish the procedures from their explanations.
Procedure
This subsection contains the operating procedure used to carry out
the function described in the current chapter. All procedures are
written with inexperienced users in mind; experienced users may not
need to carry out all the steps.
Explanation
This subsection describes the setup parameters and the limitations on
the procedures. It may not give a detailed explanation of the function.
For a detailed explanation of the function, see chapter 2.
Notations Used in the Procedures
Panel Keys and Soft keys
Bold characters used in the procedural explanations indicate characters that are marked on the
panel keys or the characters of the soft keys displayed on the screen menu.
Unit
k: Denotes “1000.” Example: 100kS/s
K: Denotes “1024.” Example: 459KB (file data size)
viii
IM 735302-01E
Flow of Operation
The figure below is provided to familarize the first-time user with the general flow of this
instrument operation. For a description of each item, see the relevant section or chapter.
Preparing for Measurement
Setting Conditions and Measuring
Waveform Display
Installing the Instrument
Turning the Power ON/OFF
Wavelength Calibration
Auto Sweep Setting and Measurement
Other Settings
Waveform Display
Displaying Calculated Waveforms
Marker Display
Searching
Waveform Analysis
Waveform Analysis
GO/NO-GO Judgment
Saving Display Data and Printing Out
Storage Media
Saving Data
Internal Printer(Optional)
Section 3.1
Section 3.4
Section 3.7
Section 5.1
Section 5.2 to 5.11
Section 6.1 to 6.4
Section 6.5
Section 6.8
Section 6.12
Section 7.1 to 7.9
Section 7.12
Section 8.1
Section 8.2 to 8.8
Section 4.6
Measurement Start (Sweep)
External Trigger Measurement
Synchronous Sweep Measurement
Section 5.12
Section 5.15
Section 5.17
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IM 735302-01E
Contents
Checking the Contents of the Package.............................................................................................ii
Safety Precautions ........................................................................................................................... iii
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment .....................................................................................vi
Conventions Used in This Manual .................................................................................................. vii
Flow of Operation........................................................................................................................... viii
Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions
1.1 Front Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Rear Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs ..................................................................................................... 1-3
1.4 LCD Screen ...................................................................................................................... 1-6
Chapter 2 Functions
2.1 System Structure .............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Measurement ................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Waveform Display ........................................................................................................... 2-7
2.4 Analysis ...........................................................................................................................2-11
2.5 Other .............................................................................................................................. 2-13
Chapter 3 Preparing for Measurement
3.1 Installing the Instrument ................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Attaching the Connector Adapter ..................................................................................... 3-3
3.3 Connecting a Communication Interface ........................................................................... 3-5
3.4 Turning the Power ON/OFF .............................................................................................. 3-8
3.5 Connecting the DUT ....................................................................................................... 3-12
3.6 Alignment Adjustment ..................................................................................................... 3-13
3.7 Wavelength Calibration .................................................................................................. 3-15
3.8 Important Points During Measurement ........................................................................... 3-20
Chapter 4 Common Operations
4.1 Description of Soft Keys ................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Using the Mouse and External Keyboard ......................................................................... 4-3
4.3 Entering Numerical Values and Strings ............................................................................ 4-5
4.4 Screen Display ................................................................................................................. 4-7
4.5 Setting the Date and Time ................................................................................................ 4-8
4.6 Printing Out Using the Internal Printer (Optional) ............................................................. 4-9
Chapter 5 Mesurement
5.1 Auto Measurement ........................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Horizontal/Vertical Axis Settings ....................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 Sub Scale ......................................................................................................................... 5-7
5.4 Setting the Reference Level ............................................................................................5-11
5.5 Center Wavelength (Center Frequency) Setting ............................................................ 5-15
5.6 Sweep Width Settings .................................................................................................... 5-20
5.7 Wavelength (Frequency) Resolution Settings ................................................................ 5-24
5.8 Sampling Point/Interval Settings .................................................................................... 5-27
5.9 Sensitivity Settings ......................................................................................................... 5-29
5.10 Averaging Times Setting................................................................................................. 5-31
5.11 Trace Settings ................................................................................................................ 5-32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
App
Index
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IM 735302-01E
5.12 Measurement Start (Sweep) .......................................................................................... 5-34
5.13 Specifying a Sweep Range ............................................................................................ 5-36
5.14 Pulse Light Measurement ............................................................................................... 5-37
5.15 External Trigger Measurement ....................................................................................... 5-39
5.16 Trigger Output ................................................................................................................ 5-42
5.17 Synchronous Sweep Measurement with the Tunable Laser Source .............................. 5-43
5.18 Analog Out ..................................................................................................................... 5-47
Chapter 6 Waveform Display
6.1 Zooming In/Out on Waveforms ......................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Wavelength Updating/Fixing ............................................................................................. 6-8
6.3 MAX/MIN HOLD Display ................................................................................................ 6-10
6.4 Sweep Average ...............................................................................................................6-11
6.5 Displaying Calculated Waveforms .................................................................................. 6-13
6.6 Normalized Display ....................................................................................................... 6-18
6.7 Curve Fitting .................................................................................................................. 6-19
6.8 Marker Display ............................................................................................................... 6-25
6.9 Displaying a Split Screen ............................................................................................... 6-36
6.10 Noise Mask ..................................................................................................................... 6-38
6.11 Copying and Clearing Traces ......................................................................................... 6-40
6.12 Searching ....................................................................................................................... 6-42
Chapter 7 Analysis
7.1 Spectrum Width Measurement ......................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Notch Width Measurement ............................................................................................... 7-4
7.3 SMSR Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-6
7.4 POWER Measurement ..................................................................................................... 7-8
7.5 DFB-LD, FP-LD, and LED Measurement ......................................................................... 7-9
7.6 PMD Measurement ........................................................................................................ 7-10
7.7 WDM Transmission Signal Analysis ............................................................................... 7-12
7.8 Optical Amp Gain and NF Measurement ........................................................................ 7-19
7.9 Optical Filter Characteristics Measurement ................................................................... 7-26
7.10 Editing the Grid Table ..................................................................................................... 7-35
7.11 Measurement of Level Fluctuations in Single-Wavelength Light (0 nm Sweeping) ........ 7-39
7.12 Go/No-Go Judgment (Template) .................................................................................... 7-42
7.13 Specifying an Analysis Range ........................................................................................ 7-54
7.14 Correcting Displayed Values .......................................................................................... 7-57
Chapter 8 Saving/Loading Data
8.1 USB Storage Media .......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 Temporarily Saving and Redisplaying Traces to and from Internal Memory .................... 8-2
8.3 Saving/Loading Displayed Data ....................................................................................... 8-6
8.4 Saving/Loading Setting Data .......................................................................................... 8-21
8.5 Saving/Loading Analysis Results Data ........................................................................... 8-26
8.6 Saving/Loading Program Data ....................................................................................... 8-34
8.7 Saving Screen Image Data ............................................................................................ 8-40
8.8 Saving/Loading Template Data....................................................................................... 8-44
8.9 Creating Files ................................................................................................................. 8-50
Contents
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Chapter 9 Other Operations
9.1 Registering Soft keys ....................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Data Initialization .............................................................................................................. 9-2
9.3 Help ................................................................................................................................ 9-15
9.4 Registering and Loading Character Strings ................................................................... 9-16
9.5 Other Settings ................................................................................................................ 9-17
Chapter 10 Maintenance
10.1 Upgrading the Firmware ................................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 Mechanical Inspection .................................................................................................... 10-3
10.3 Operational Inspection ................................................................................................... 10-4
10.4 Inspection of Wavelength Accuracy ................................................................................ 10-5
10.5 Inspection of Level Accuracy .......................................................................................... 10-6
10.6 Replacing Fuses ............................................................................................................. 10-7
10.7 Daily Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 10-8
10.8 Care during Storage ..................................................................................................... 10-10
10.9 Recommended Replacement Parts ..............................................................................10-11
10.10 Warning Display Function ............................................................................................. 10-12
Chapter 11 Specications
11.1 Specications ..................................................................................................................11-1
11.2 External Dimensions .......................................................................................................11-4
Appendix
Appendix 1 GRID Table for WDM Wevelength .....................................................................App-1
Appendix 2 Data Calculation Algorithms for Spectrum Widths .............................................App-2
Appendix 3 Details of Each Analytical Functions ................................................................ App-11
Appendix 4 Detailed Explanations of WDM Analysis Function ...........................................App-18
Appendix5 DetailsofOpticalAmplierAnalysisFunction .................................................. App-29
Appendix 6 Details of Optical Filter Analysis Function ........................................................ App-32
Appendix 7 Soft Key Tree Diagram .....................................................................................App-49
Appendix 8 END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT .............................................................. App-67
Index
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
App
Index
1-1
IM 735302-01E
1
Part Names and Functions
1.1 Front Panel
Front Panel
AQ6370B
OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER
USB
POWER
FUNCTION
DATA ENTRY
CENTER
SWEEP
SPAN
LEVEL
ZOOM
SETUP
MARKER
DISPLAY
PEAK
SEARCH
TRACE
ANALYSIS
USER
MEMORY
FILE
SYSTEM
ADVANCE
PROGRAM
OREMOTE
UNDO/
LOCAL
HELP
COPY
FEED
COARSE
7
8
9
4
5
6
123
0
.
-
BACK
SPASE
nm/
ENTER
m/
ENTER
OPTICAL INPUT
(
600 1700nm
)
CALIBRATION
OUTPUT
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
No. Name Function
1 LCD display Displays measured waveform, measurement conditions,
measurement values, etc.
2 Soft key section Used to execute the functions assigned to the soft keys on
the right side of the LCD display
3 FUNCTION section Used to enter settings pertaining to all measurements
(sweep, measurement conditions, data analysis, and various
functions)
4 DATA ENTRY section Used for measurement condition parameter input, label
input, etc.
5 POWER Used to start and shut down the instrument.
6 USB1.1 interface Used to connect USB storage media
7 UNDO/LOCAL See the following table(1.3 Panel keys and Knobs)
8 HELP Used to check the contents of the soft key menu displayed
on the screen.
9 COPY Used to make hard copies of the screen through the internal
printer (optional)
10 FEED Used to feed recording paper
11 OPTICAL INPUT Optical input connector
12 CALIBRATION OUTPUT Reference light source optical output connector used for
alignment adjustments and wavelength calibration
Chapter 1 Part Names and Functions
1-2
IM 735302-01E
1.2 Rear Panel
Rear Panel
TRIGGERINTRIGGER
OUT
ANALOG
OUT
SERIAL
(
RS-232
)
ETHERNET
10/100BASE-TX
VIDEO
OUT
(
SVGA
)
KBD
GP-IB1
(
IEEE488.1/488.2
)
GP-IB2
(
IEEE488.1
)
(
FOR TLS,ETC.
)
WARNING
Do no t op era te wi th ou t r ea din g th e
safet y pr eca ut ion s in th e use r’ s man ua l.
MAIN P OWER
ON
OFF
100-240V AC
150VA
MAX
50/60Hz
FUSE
250VT5A
9
10
8 11
3 4
5
1
2
6
7
No. Name Function
1 GP-IB1 GP-IB port for controlling this unit through an external
computer
2 GP-IB2 GP-IB port that allows this unit to serve as a system
controller on the GP-IB bus for controlling an external device
3 TRIGGER IN Input connector for synchronous signals for the synchronous
measurement function with the Tunable Laser Source
4 TRIGGER OUT Output connector for synchronous signals for the
synchronous measurement function with the Tunable Laser
Source
5 ANALOG OUT Analog output
6 MAIN POWER Used to turn the main power ON/OFF
7 Power cord connector Connect the power cord to this connector
8 SERIAL RS-232 interface
9 ETHERNET Ethernet Interface (10/100BASE-TX)
10 VIDEO OUT (SVGA) Analog RGB video signal (SVGA-compliant) interface
11 KBD External keyboard interface (PS/2)
1-3
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1
Part Names and Functions
1.3 Panel Keys and Knobs
FUNCTION Section
The FUNCTION section contains 17 function keys and 4 auxiliary keys. When you press
a function key, information about the function is displayed on the soft key menu located
on the right side of the LCD display.
SWEEP
The SWEEP key contains functions related to sweeping. When you press the SWEEP
key, the soft key menu for sweeping appears.
CENTER
The CENTER key contains functions related to setting the center wavelength and center
frequency for measurements. The soft key functions change depending on whether the
screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.
SPAN
The SPAN key contains functions pertaining to settings for the wavelength span or
frequency span being measured. The soft key functions change according to whether the
screen display mode is wavelength display mode or frequency display mode.
LEVEL
The LEVEL key contains functions related to level axis settings.When you press the
LEVEL key, the soft key menu for setting reference level appears.
SETUP
The SETUP key contains functions related to measurement condition settings.
ZOOM
The ZOOM key contains the zoom function, which allows the user to freely enlarge or
reduce a measured waveform in order to check a small area of the measured waveform,
or to check the overall waveform.
This key is used to set the waveform enlarged/reduced display conditions.
DISPLAY
The DISPLAY key contains functions related to screen display.This key is used to set the
screen to upper/lower 2-split display mode (split mode).
TRACE
The TRACE key contains functions related to trace mode settings.
MARKER
The MARKER key contains functions related to markers.
PEAK SEARCH
The PEAK SEARCH key contains functions for searching for peaks and bottoms in
measured waveforms.
ANALYSIS
The ANALYSIS key contains functions related to measured waveform analysis.
FUNCTION
CENTER
SWEEP
SPAN
LEVEL
ZOOM
SETUP
MARKER
DISPLAY
PEAK
SEARCH
TRACE
ANALYSIS
USER
MEMORY
FILE
SYSTEM
ADVANCE
PROGRAM
OREMOTE
UNDO/
LOCAL
HELP
COPY
FEED
1-4
IM 735302-01E
MEMORY
The MEMORY key contains functions for writing the contents of the active trace to the
unit’s internal memory. When you press the MEMORY key, the traces and memory list
screen (soft key menu) are displayed. A memory number may be entered in the DATA
ENTRY section, or selected using the rotary knob or arrow keys.
FILE
The FILE key contains functions for saving and loading waveform data, program data,
and the like to and from USB storage media (USB memory/HDD).
PROGRAM
The PROGRAM key contains the soft keys related to program functions for controlling
measurements through a program.
SYSTEM
The SYSTEM key contains system-related functions such as monochromator adjusting
optical alignment, wavelength adjustment, hardware setup, and setting initialization.
ADVANCE
The ADVANCE key contains functions related to template function settings.
USER
Frequently used soft keys can be registered on the soft key menu in the USER key.
Registering frequently used soft keys in the USER key allows you to execute frequently
used functions in a small number of steps.
COPY/FEED
The COPY key is used to output the measurement screen to the internal printer or a file.
When you press the COPY key, the measured waveforms and lists displayed on the
screen are output to the internal printer or a file.
The FEED key is used to feed printer paper. Paper feeding continues as long as you hold
down the FEED key.
UNDO/LOCAL
The key's function changes depending on the status of the instrument when the UNDO/
LOCAL key is pressed. The following table shows the key's functions.
Status of Instrument Function
UNDO action is allowed If the UNDO key is pressed after changing parameter
settings, changing or deleting data, etc., the previous
action (change, deletion, etc.) is canceled and the state
preceding that action is restored.
During user key registration If the UNDO key is pressed during user key registration,
registration mode is canceled and the soft key menu
which appeared when the SYSTEM key was pressed is
displayed again.
During remote control by
external PC (Remote light is on)
Changes the state from the remote state back to the
local state. The remote light turns off.
HELP
When you press the HELP key, a soft key menu of the currently displayed screen is
displayed explanations.
Soft keys for selecting the “MORE INFO” which indicate additional information are
displayed by some soft keys in HELP screen.
1.3 Panel keys and Knobs
1-5
IM 735302-01E
1
Part Names and Functions
DATA ENTRY Section
This unit allows you to enter measurement conditions and various other parameters
through the DATA ENTRY section. Three different entry methods can be used in the
DATA ENTRY section, the rotary knob, the arrow keys, and the numeric keypad.
Rotary knob
When you press a soft key which has a parameter, the current setting is displayed in
the parameter entry window. Turning the rotary knob raises or lowers the numeric value
shown in the parameter entry window (turn clockwise to increase and counterclockwise
to decrease), and the internal setting changes at the same time.
Note that if the COARSE key is on (lamp on), the numeric value increase/decrease step
will be larger.
Arrow keys (▲, ▼)
Pressingthe▲keyhasthesameeffectasturningtherotaryknobclockwise.Likewise,
pressingthe▼keyhasthesameeffectasturningtherotaryknobcounterclockwise.
Holding an arrow key down for 0.5 second or longer activates auto-repeat.
If the multi-marker function has been selected, the arrow keys can be used to scroll the
marker value display in the data area.
COARSE Key
You can raise the digit of settings being entered or the increase/decrease step for
numerical values.
Each time you press this key the setting toggles between ON and OFF. When ON, the
lamp lights.
Numeric keypad
You can enter numerical values directly into the parameter input window by pressing
keys of the numeric keypad.
After you have pressed a parameter soft key to display the current setting in the
parameter display area, you can press a numeric keypad key to display the numeric
keypad input area including the entered numeric value.
If the value entered with the numeric keypad is not in the allowed value range, the
nearest allowed value will be set.
μm/ENTER Key and nm/ENTER Key
Enters values input using the numeric keypad or the parameter input window.
Use one or the other key if entering a parameter value with a particular unit.
Ifaparameterdoesnothaveaunitassociatedwithit,youcanuseeithertheμm/ENTER
key or the nm/ENTER key.
BACK SPACE Key
Use this key if you make an error when inputting values with the numeric keypad. The
last entered (right-most) character is removed, allowing entry of the correct character.
By holding the BACK SPACE key down, you can erase the entire entry in the numeric
keypad input area and make the numeric keypad input area disappear, returning it to the
condition preceding numeric keypad input.
1.3 Panel keys and Knobs
DATA ENTRY
COARSE
7
8
9
4
5
6
1
2
3
0
.
-
BACK
SPASE
nm/
ENTER
m/
ENTER
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1.4 LCD Screen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
No. Function
1 Data area
2 Measurement conditions area
3
(Displayed when any of the measurement conditions are changed.)
4 Displays level axis scale per DIV
5
(Displayed when measurement is not correctly carried out.)
6 Displays reference level
7 Label area (56 characters)
8 Displays wavelength resolution
9 Displays measurement sensitivity
10 Displays averaging times
11 Displays the number of measurement samples
12 Displays date and time
13 Displays each trace status
14
(Only displayed when ZOOM function is used)
15 Displays the statuses of main settings (When a setting is ON, its display is depressed, or
is displayed with white on black background if the display colors are black and white.)
16 Displays wavelength axis scale per DIV
17 Displays sweep status
(RPT=Repeat; SGL=Single; STP=Stop)
18 Displays soft key menu
(Displays markers and data analysis results.)
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1
Part Names and Functions
19 Parameter display area
20 Parameter input area
21 OVERVIEW display screen
(Only displayed when ZOOM function is used.)
22 Displays sub-scale
1.4 LCD Screen
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Functions
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2
Chapter 2 Functions
2.1 System Structure
System Structure
AQ6370
OPTICAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER
USB
POWER
FUNCTION
DATA ENTRY
CENTER
SWEEP
SPAN
LEVEL
ZOOM
SETUP
MARKER
DISPLAY
PEAK
SEARCH
TRACE
ANALYSIS
USER
MEMORY
FILE
SYSTEM
ADVANCE
PROGRAM
OREMOTE
UNDO/
LOCAL
HELP
COPY
FEED
COARSE
7
8
9
4
5
6
123
0
.
-
BACK
SPASE
nm/
ENTER
m/
ENTER
OPTICALI NPUT
(
600 1700nm
)
CALIBRATION
OUTPUT
Splitter cable
PS/2 mouse
PS/2 mouse
PS/2 keyboard
Control target Control target
GP-IB2 interface
GP-IB2 interface
RS-232 interface
Ethernet interface
USB mouse
USB storage
medium
PC
Analog output
Built-in printer
(optional)
External trigger input
Video signal output
trigger output
2-2
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2.2 Measurement
Alignment Adjustment <<See section 3.6 for the operating procedure>>
This function allows adjustment of the optical axis of the instrument’s built-in
monochromator (spectroscope).
The instrument’s optical performance is not guaranteed until the alignment adjustment
function has been executed. Failure to perform this adjustment can result in distortion
of measured waveforms. After alignment adjustment has been executed, wavelength
calibration is also subsequently performed automatically. If you are using the instrument
for the first time or using it after it has been severely shaken while being moved, perform
the alignment adjustment procedure after warm-up ends.
Wavelength Calibration <<See section 3.7 for the operating procedure>>
Wavelength calibration can be performed using the internal reference light source or an
external light source.
Auto Measurement <<See section 5.1 for the operating procedure>>
This function automatically sets the optimal measuring conditions for the input light and
displays the spectrum waveform. This function is useful when the characteristics of the
input light are not well known.
The wavelength range of input light that can be auto-measured is 1200–1670 nm.
The measurement conditions that are set automatically are as follows.
1. Span (SPAN)
2. Center wavelength (CENTER)
3. Reference level (REF LEVEL)
4. Resolution (RESOLUTION)
Other measuring conditions (sensitivity, averaging times, number of sampling points,
and interval settings) are set to their defaults. The horizontal and vertical axes of the
displayed spectrum waveform are zoomed to an appropriate degree.
Single Sweep <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>
This function executes a single sweep or forcibly stops a sweep operation.
Repeat Sweep <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>
This function performs repeat sweeping or forcibly stops a sweep operation. It enables
repeated, real-time measurement of waveforms.
Segment Measurement <<See section 5.12 for the operating procedure>>
This function allows you to divide up items to be measured in units of previously specified
segments.
Allows measurement delimited by segments (portions).
Synchronous Sweep <<See section 5.17 for the operating procedure>>
This function links the turnable laser source connected to the GP-IB2 port with the sweep
of the instrument. By synchronizing sweep with the turnable laser source, measurement
of high resolution and optical dynamic ranges can be obtained when measuring the
wavelength loss characteristics of optical filters, optical fiber gratings, and other items.
2-3
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Functions
1
2
Higher resolution can be obtained since the wavelength resolution is being determined
by the spectral line width of the tunable laser source. Also, since the tunable laser source
scarcely outputs any other components than the measuring wavelength, and as the noise
light which comes out faintly is being totally cut except for the section corresponding to
the resolution range of this equipment, an extremely high optical dynamic range can be
acquired.
This instrument can execute synchronous sweep with the following tunable laser
sources.
• AQ4321 Series Tunable Laser Source
• AQ2200-136 Tunable Laser Source
One-Action Keys <<See section 5.4 to 5.6 for the operating procedure>>
This is the general name for a key that uses data from the active trace waveform (the
currently displayed waveform) to set measurement conditions.
Setting conditions requires that a waveform is displayed for the active trace.
One-Action Key Name Description
PEAK→REFLEVEL Setsthepeaklevelofthemeasuredwaveformoftheactivetrace
as the reference level.
MARKER→REFLEVEL Setsthemovingmarkerlevelasthereferencelevel.
PEAK→CENTER Setsthepeakwavelengthorthepeakfrequencyoftheactive
trace measurement waveform to center wavelength or center
frequency.
MEANWL→CENTER SetsTHRESH3dBcenterwavelengthorcenterfrequencyofthe
active trace measured waveform to center wavelength or center
frequency.
VIEW→MEAS SetsthecurrentlydisplayedZOOMscale
as the measurement
scale (CENTER, START, STOP, SPAN) for the next sweep.
MARKER→CENTER Setsthewavelengthofthemovingmarkertocenterwavelengthor
center frequency.
Δλ→SPAN Setsthe
sweep width as six times the RMS 20 dB width of the
active trace measurement waveform.
MKRL1-L2→SPAN Setsspacingbetweenlinemarkers1and2forsweepwidth.
PEAK→ZOOMCTR Sets the peak wavelength of the active trace measurement
waveform to center wavelength or center frequency of zoom
display.
MARKER→ZOOMCTR Setsthewavelengthofthemovingmarkertocenterwavelengthor
center frequency of zoom display.
MKRL1-L2→ZOOMSPAN Sets spacing between line markers 1 and 2 for sweep width of
zoom display.
Switching between Vacuum Wavelength and Air Wavelength
<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>
This function switches the measured wavelength to either a vacuum wavelength or an air
wavelength.
Measurement can be performed in either air or vacuum wavelength mode.
Switching between Wavelength and Frequency
<<See section 5.2 for the operating procedure>>
This function switches the horizontal axis display to wavelength or frequency.
You can display either the wavelengths or frequencies of marker values and analysis
results.
2.2 Measurement
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Averaging <<See section 5.10 for the operating procedure>>
This function performs multiple measurements and displays the average values.
The function is used in cases such as: when the light source’s level is fluctuating; when
measuring a modulated signal of several kHz or less; when the waveform is disrupted
and difficult to measure; when it is necessary to obtain even higher measurement
sensitivity.
Power Density Display <<See section 7.4 for the operating procedure>>
The power per 1 nm is called the power density.
The level axis of the AQ6370B indicates the absolute power per wavelength resolution.
For example, if the resolution is set to 0.1 nm, the power per 0.1 nm will be displayed.
Since the optical spectrum of such devices as a gas laser or a laser diode is narrower
than the wavelength resolution of the instrument, the entire power is accommodated
within the band of a resolution. Therefore, the measured power (peak level) is equal
to the total power of the light source. This instrument has been calibrated to display
accurate power under such conditions.
On the other hand, natural light or lights such as fluorescent lamps or LEDs, have,
in many cases, optical spectrums wider than the wavelength resolution set for the
instrument. Therefore, if the instrument measures these lights, measured power will vary,
depending on the resolution setting.
In order to deal with this issue, the instrument is equipped with the dBm dBm/nm soft key
toallowthelevelaxisdisplaystoswitchfromtheabsolutepower(dBm,mW,μW,nW,
pW)perresolutiontopowerdensity(dBm/nm,mW/nm,μW/nm,nW/nm,pW/nm).
In the case of power density displays, a measured value is converted to power per 1 nm.
Therefore, whatever resolution is used for measurement, certain measured values will
always be available.
Differences in usage between the absolute power display and the power density display
are shown below:
Absolute power display: measurement of light sources with narrow spectrum widths,
such as gas lasers or laser diodes.
Power density display: measurement of light sources with wide spectrum widths, such as
natural light or LEDs.
IfthesubtractionfunctionbetweentracesisusedforsuchcasesasA-B(A/B)→Cor
B-A(B/A)→C,resultswillbethesamewhethertheabsolutepowerdisplayorthepower
density display is used.
Since the power measurement function performs different calculations according to the
level axis display, correct results will be available whichever display is employed.
Note that, if the NF measurement function (ANALYSIS 2 EDFA-NF soft key) and the
WDM analysis function (ANALYSIS 2 WDM soft key) are executed, the level axis display
will be forcibly changed to the absolute power display.
Note
Specifications such as level accuracy, measurement level range, and level linearity of the
instrument are provided for the absolute power display.
2.2 Measurement
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External Trigger Measurement <<See section 5.15 for the operating procedure>>
This function performs measurement in synchronization with an external trigger signal.
The SMPL TRG IN terminal is an input terminal on the TTL level and in positive/
negative logic (which can be set by the <EXT TRIGGER SETTING> key). The SMPL
TRG IN terminal is an input terminal for TTL level, positive/negative logic signals. The
measurement points (wavelength/frequency) are incremented each time edges of input
external trigger signals are detected. Thus, sweeping stops when a number of external
trigger signals equaling the specified number of sampling points is input. (However,
when the REPEAT sweep is performed, the sweep will be repeated until the STOP key is
pressed or until trigger signals are no longer input.)
The delay time (from the time when a trigger signal is detected until the time when the
sampling is performed) specific to the instrument is about 20 µs. Supply the trigger
signal at a timing appropriate for the measurement sensitivity. An optional delay time can
be set to this specific delay time. With the DELAY key of the EXT TRIGGER SETTING
key, the 0.0 µs to 1000.0 µs range can be set in units of 0.1 µs.
Note that after the measurement points are set, input trigger signals during the
movement to the next measurement point are ignored. The time varies depending on the
measurement wavelength band and the number of sampling points (sampling intervals).
Since the SMPL TRG IN terminal is pulled up internally, it can be set to the HIGH level
while it is in the open state and to the LOW level while it is in the GND short state.
Sweep Trigger <<See section 5.15 for the operating procedure>>
This function performs a single sweep measurement based on an externally input trigger
signal.
The instrument starts a single sweep measurement by allowing sweep trigger signals on
the TTL level and in negative logic to enter the TRGGER IN terminal at the back of the
instrument.
The signal logic of the sweep trigger input signals is fixed to negative logic, which cannot
be changed.
The pulse width of sweep trigger signals must be 5 ms or more.
The action when entering a sweep trigger is the same as that for the SWEEP key or
SINGLE key.
The sweep trigger function detects sweep trigger signals by polling in certain cycles.
Thus, the time after a sweep trigger signal is input until the sweep starts will fluctuate in
the range of 5 ms.
Trigger Output <<See section 5.16 for the operating procedure>>
This function outputs trigger signals from the trigger output terminal on the rear panel of
the instrument (only during sweeping).
2.2 Measurement
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Analog Out <<See section 5.18 for the operating procedure>>
An analog voltage is output from the ANALOG OUT terminal on the rear panel of the
main unit according to the input light.
The temporal changes in the input light can be measured by an oscilloscope.
However, to enable this output, the sensitivity setting must be NORM/HOLD.
When set to NORM/HOLD, the RANGE is switched relative to the REF LEVEL without
implementing the AUTORANGE function. Therefore, if the level of the input light is high,
the output voltage level is saturated.
The saturation level and noise level varies depending on the REF level.
The table below shows the relationship between the REF level and the saturation level.
REF LEVEL(dBm or dBm/nm) Saturation Level * (dBm)
REF > 0 23 dBm or more
0 < = REF > -10 13 dBm or more
-10 < = REF > -20 3 dBm or more
-20 < = REF > -30 -7 dBm or more
-30 < = REF -17 dBm or more
* At wavelength 1450 to 1620 nm
ANALOG OUT Output Specifications
Output saturation voltage +6 V or more
Offset voltage (including noise) ±5 mVp-p
Bandwidth 10 kHz or more
Load 1 k
Ω
or more
2.2 Measurement
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2.3 Waveform Display
Zoom <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>
This function allows you to zoom freely in and out on measured waveforms.
You can easily zoom an area simply by selecting it with the mouse. Drag the mouse over
an area of the displayed waveform to zoom in on the area. ZOOMING is displayed at the
bottom of the screen to indicate that the screen is displaying a zoomed area. You can
also zoom in and out with key operations.
Overview <<See section 6.1 for the operating procedure>>
This function displays an overview window at the very bottom of the waveform display
area. The overview window is displayed when the waveform display is enlarged or
reduced using the zoom function. (Only displayed when a zoom is performed.)
You can easily check which part of the measured waveform is zoomed. The overview
window can be shown or hidden, and you can change its position and size.
Trace <<See section 5.11 for the operating procedure>>
A trace shows a waveform and measurement conditions. The instrument has a total of
seven independent traces (A through G). Multiple traces can be displayed at the same
time on the waveform screen. In addition, display ON/OFF and mode settings can be set
separately for each trace.
Traces can be set to the following modes.
• WRITE mode Section 6.2
• FIX mode Section 6.2
• MAX/MIN HOLD mode Section 6.3
• ROLL AVG mode Section 6.4
• CALCULATE mode Section 6.5
The following explains each of the modes.
WRITE Mode
Waveform data are written during sweeping.
When a trace is set to WRITE mode, waveform data are written during measurement,
and the data are updated. Traces used in measurements are normally set to WRITE
mode. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “WRITE.”
FIX Mode
Fixes the data; does not write waveform data.
When a trace is set to FIX mode, its waveform data are not overwritten even when
measurement is performed. Therefore, the waveform on the screen is not overwritten. If
you want to fix the waveform data of a trace, set the trace to FIX mode. The trace display
at the side of the data area changes to “FIX.”
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MAX/MIN HOLD Mode (Maximum/Minimum Value Detection Mode)
Writes the maximum/minimum values of the waveform data for each sweep.
When a trace is set to MAX/MIN HOLD mode, each time a sweep is performed, the data
at the individual measurement points are compared with prior measurements, and the
measurement with the higher level (MAX HOLD) or lower level (MIN HOLD) is written.
If you want to measure the maximum or minimum value of a waveform which changes
each time a sweep is performed, set the trace you want to measure to MAX/MIN HOLD
mode and perform REPEAT sweeping.
The trace display at the side of the data area appears as “MAX HOLD” or “MIN HOLD”.
Note that the NOISE MASK soft key setting applies when a waveform is displayed, and
is not affected when a maximum or minimum value is detected.
ROLL AVG Mode (Rolling Average Mode)
Writes the rolling average values of the waveform data during each sweep.
When a trace is set to ROLL AVG mode, each time measurement is performed the rolling
average of the current measurement and past measurements is calculated, and the
measurement data are updated. The number of averagings is set in the range of 2 to
100. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “ROLL AVG”.
CALCULATE Mode (Calculation Results Display)
Writes the results of calculations performed between data from different traces.
When a trace is set to CALCULATE mode, subtraction between data from different
traces, normalized display, or curve-fit display is performed according to the set
CALCULATE mode. Note that CALCULATE mode can only be set for traces C, F, and
G. Also, the available calculations vary from trace to trace. For more information, see
chapter 6.
Normalized Display Function <<See section 6.6 for the operating procedure>>
This function is one of the trace CALCULATE modes. It normalizes and displays the
trace data.
With normalized display, normalization is performed and the waveform is displayed with
the waveform peak set to 1 if the sub-scale is linear, or set to 0 dB if the sub-scale is
LOG. One trace can be normalized, either trace A, B, or C. If both traces selected for
calculation are set to “BLANK”, then the sub-scale is displayed on the left side of the
screen. Otherwise it is displayed on the right side. The calculation results are displayed
in the sub-scale. The trace display at the side of the data area changes to “NORM @”.
Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>
Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G.
Calculations are applied to data from the peak to the threshold value. The threshold
value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the
data area changes to “CRV FIT @.”
Peak Curve Fit <<See section 6.7 for the operating procedure>>
Makes an approximation of the specified trace waveform. The result is written to TRACE G.
Calculations are applied to mode peaks at or above the threshold value. The threshold
value is set in the range of 0 to 99 dB (steps of 1). The trace display at the side of the
data area changes to “PKCVFIT @”.
2.3 Waveform Display
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Marker Functions <<See section 6.8 for the operating procedure>>
Marker functions can be used to easily measure wavelength differences and level
differences, and to search for peak wavelengths, peak levels, and spectrum widths.
There are markers and line markers.
Markers
A total of 1025 markers (one moving marker and 1024 fixed markers) are provided.
Moving markers can be moved to an arbitrary wavelength using the rotary knob, arrow
keys, or numeric key pad. You can also drag the markers with the mouse. Moving
markers can be moved over a waveform to display the marker values (wavelength
and level value) in the data area. If a moving marker is fixed in an arbitrary position, it
changes to a fixed marker.
Fixed markers are markers fixed to a number on which the moving marker was set. Fixed
markers are assigned marker numbers in order starting from 001. You can enter an
arbitrary number using the rotary knob, arrow keys, or numeric key pad. A number up to
1024 can be set. When multiple fixed markers are set, it is possible to display wavelength
differences and level differences between a given marker and adjacent markers.
Line Markers
There are four line markers––two wavelength line markers and two level line markers.
Wavelength line markers show wavelength and wavelength difference, and level line
markers show level values and level difference. Also, you can use line markers to specify
a sweep or analysis range.
Displaying Wavelength Difference and Level Difference
This function places a fixed marker and measures the wavelength difference and level
difference compared to a moving marker.
Note
For details, see the explanation in section 6.8, “Displaying Markers.”
Displaying Line Markers
When line markers are displayed, the marker values are shown in the upper left part of
the waveform area.
When both wavelength line markers 1 and 2 are displayed, or both level line markers
3 and 4 are displayed, the wavelength difference (L2-L1) or level difference (L4-L3) is
shown below the marker values.
Note
For details, see the explanation in section 6.8, “Displaying Markers.”
Split Display <<See section 6.9 for the operating procedure>>
You can split the screen into an upper and lower display (SPLIT mode).
You can assign trace waveforms to either the upper or lower split.
TRACE A UP/LOW
This function is used to set whether to put trace A on top or on bottom during upper/lower
split display. If you select UP, it is assigned to the top. (Default) If you select LOW, it is
assigned to the bottom.
2.3 Waveform Display
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Noise Mask <<See section 6.10 for the operating procedure>>
This key is used to display a waveform so that parts of the waveform at or below the
set value are masked. In addition, when a noise mask value is set, the waveform is
overwritten in real time.
When you press the NOISE MASK soft key, the current noise mask value is displayed in
the noise mask value setting screen. The allowed settings for the noise mask setting are
OFF (-210 dBm), and the range from -100 to 0 dBm (fine: in steps of 1; coarse: in steps
of 10).
Peak/Bottom Search <<See section 6.12 for the operating procedure>>
Sets a moving marker at the waveform peak (maximum level value) or bottom (minimum
level value), and displays that value. You can also search for the next peak or bottom.
There is also an auto search function that automatically performs peak/bottom searches
each time sweeping is performed. It is very useful for purposes such as observing peak/
bottom level changes during repeat sweeping.
2.3 Waveform Display
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