IEEE 802.11b
WLAN 11b Broadband Router
User Manual
IEEE 802.11b
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
User’s Manual
Version 2.6
Trademarks
2003 X-Micro Technology Corp.
Contents are subject to change without notice.
All trademarks belong to their respective proprietors.
Copyright Statement
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS OF PROPRIETARY TECHNICAL INFORMATION THAT IS THE PROPERTY OF
X-MICRO TECHNOLOGY CORP. AND NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENTATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED
IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRICAL OR
MECHANICAL, BY PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN
CONSENT OF X-MICRO TECHNOLOGY CORP.
http://www.x-micro.com
USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Terminology
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Access Point
CCK Complementary Code Keying
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FTP File Transfer Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
LAN Local Area Network
MAC Media Access Control
NAT Network Address Translation
NT Network Termination
PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
PSD Power Spectral Density
RF Radio Frequency
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SSID Service Set Identification
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
UPNP Universal Plug and Play
WDS Wireless Distribution System
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
1.1 PACKAGE CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................... 1
1.3 PRODUCT FEATURES ............................................................................................................ 2
1.4 FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 2
1.5 REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 4
2 INSTALLATION ..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 HARDWARE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................. 5
2.2 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION .................................................................................................... 5
3 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION ......................................................................................... 6
3.1 PREPARE YOUR PC TO CONFIGURE THE X-MICRO WLAN 11B BROADBAND ROUTER ......... 6
3.2 CONNECIT TO THE X-MICRO WLAN 11B BROADBAND ROUTER ......................................... 8
3.3 MANAGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION ON THE X-MICRO WLAN 11B BROADBAND ROUTER 8
3.3.1 STATU S................................................................................................................................. 8
3.3.2 WIRELESS BASIC SETTINGS ............................................................................................... 10
3.3.3 W
IRELESS ADVANCED SETTINGS ....................................................................................... 11
3.3.4 WIRELESS SECURITY SETUP............................................................................................... 12
3.3.5 WIRELESS ACCESS CONTROL............................................................................................. 15
3.3.6 WDS SETUP....................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.7 LAN INTERFACE SETUP ..................................................................................................... 17
3.3.8 WAN
INTERFACE SETUP .................................................................................................... 19
3.3.9 FIREWALL - PORT FILTERING .............................................................................................. 24
3.3.10 FIREWALL - IP FILTERING ................................................................................................... 26
3.3.11 FIREWALL - MAC FILTERING ............................................................................................. 27
3.3.12 FIREWALL - PORT FORWARDING ......................................................................................... 28
3.3.13 F
IREWALL - DMZ............................................................................................................... 29
3.3.14 STATI ST IC S ......................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.15 UPGRADE FIRMWARE ......................................................................................................... 31
3.3.16 SAV E / RELOAD SETTINGS................................................................................................... 32
3.3.17 P
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ASSWORD SETUP .............................................................................................................. 33
USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
4 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ).................................................................... 35
4.1 WHAT AND HOW TO FIND MY PC’S IP AND MAC ADDRESS?............................................... 35
4.2 WHAT IS WIRELESS LAN? ................................................................................................. 35
4.3 WHAT ARE ISM BANDS? .................................................................................................... 35
4.4 HOW DOES WIRELESS NETWORKING WORK?....................................................................... 35
4.5 WHAT IS BSSID? ............................................................................................................... 36
4.6 WHAT IS ESSID? ............................................................................................................... 36
4.7 WHAT ARE POTENTIAL FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSES INTERFERENCE? ................................. 37
4.8 WHAT ARE THE OPEN SYSTEM AND SHARED KEY AUTHENTICATIONS? .............................. 37
4.9 WHAT IS WEP? .................................................................................................................. 37
4.10 WHAT IS FRAGMENT THRESHOLD?..................................................................................... 37
4.11 WHAT IS RTS (REQUEST TO SEND) THRESHOLD? .............................................................. 38
4.12 WHAT IS BEACON INTERVAL?............................................................................................. 38
4.13 WHAT IS PREAMBLE TYPE?................................................................................................ 39
4.14 WHAT IS SSID BROADCAST? ............................................................................................. 39
4.15 WHAT IS WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS (WPA)? .................................................................... 39
4.16 WHAT IS 802.1X AUTHENTICATION? .................................................................................. 40
4.17 WHAT IS TEMPORAL KEY INTEGRITY PROTOCOL (TKIP)? ................................................. 40
4.18 WHAT IS ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDA RD (AES)? ...................................................... 40
4.19 WHAT IS INTER-ACCESS POINT PROTOCOL (IAPP)?........................................................... 40
4.20 WHAT IS WIRELESS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (WDS)?......................................................... 40
4.21 WHAT IS UNIVERSAL PLUG AND PLAY (UPNP)?................................................................. 41
4.22 W
HAT IS MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION UNIT (MTU) SIZE?.................................................... 41
4.23 WHAT IS CLONE MAC ADDRESS?...................................................................................... 41
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
1 Introduction
The Wireless LAN Broadband Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN broadband
router solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, secure,
manageable and reliable WLAN.
This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other WLAN
router configuration. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.
Notice: It will take about 25 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on
the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router; all LEDs are blank while booting
except the Power LED, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing
to show the WLAN interface is enabled and working now.
1.1 Package contents
The package of the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router includes the following items,
9 The X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
9 The AC to DC power adapter
9 The Documentation CD
1.2 Product Specifications
Product Name X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
Standard 802.11b(Wireless), 802.3(10BaseT), 802.3u(100BaseT)
Data Transfer Rate 11Mbps(Wireless), 100Mbps(Ethernet)
Modulation Method DBPSK/ DQPSK/ CCK
Frequency Band 2.4GHz – 2.497GJz ISM Band, DSSS
RF Output Power < 17 dBm
Receiver Sensitivity 11Mbps better than 8% PER @ -80 dBm
Operation Range 30 to 300 meters (depend on surrounding)
Antenna External Antenna
LED Power, Active (WLAN), Act/Link (Ethernet)
Security 64 bit/ 128 bit WEP, WPA, port filtering, IP filtering, MAC
filtering, port forwarding and DMZ hosting
LAN interface One 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connector (WAN)
Four 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connectors (LAN)
Power Consumption 7.5V DC Power Adapter
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Dimension 160 x 110 x 35 mm
Operating Temperature 0 – 50oC ambient temperature
Storage Temperature -20 - 70oC ambient temperature
Humidity 5 to 90 % maximum (non-condensing)
1.3 Product Features
¾ Complies with IEEE 802.11b standard for 2.4GHz Wireless LAN.
¾ Supports 11Mbps data transfer rate with automatic fallback to 5.5M, 2M and
1Mbps.
¾ Supports bridging, routing functions between wireless and wired Ethernet
interfaces.
¾ Supports 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption/decryption function to protect the
wireless data transmission.
¾ Supports IEEE 802.1x Authentication.
¾ Support Wi-Fi Protected Access Authentication with Radius and Pre-Shared Key
mode.
¾ Supports Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP).
¾ Supports Wireless Distribution System (WDS).
¾ Supports IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.
¾ Supports DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.
¾ Supports DHCP client for Ethernet WAN interface auto IP address assignment.
¾ Supports static and dynamic IP routing.
¾ Supports PPPoE on Ethernet WAN interface.
¾ Supports clone MAC address function.
¾ Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port
forwarding, trigger port and DMZ hosting functions.
¾ Supports WEB based management and configuration.
¾ Supports PPTP Client on Ethernet WAN interface.
¾ Supports UPnP for automatic Internet access.
1.4 Front Panel Description
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Figure 1 –X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router Front Panel
LED Indicator State Description
1. Power LED
2. WLAN Activity
LED
3. WAN ACT LED
4. WAN 10/100M
LED
On
Off
Flashing
Off
Flashing
Off
On
Off
The X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router is
powered on.
The X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router is
powered off.
Data is transmitting or receiving on the
antenna.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the
antenna.
Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN
interface.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the
WAN interface.
Connection speed is 100Mbps on WAN
interface.
Connection speed is 10Mbps on WAN
interface.
5. LAN ACT LED
Flashing
Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN
interface.
Off
No data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN
interface.
6. LAN 10/100M
LED
3
On
Off
Connection speed is 100Mbps on LAN
interface.
Connection speed is 10Mbps on LAN interface.
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1.5 Rear Panel Description
Antenna
Reset
WAN LAN Powe
Figure 2 – X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router Rear Panel
Interfaces Description
1. Reset Push continually the reset button 5 seconds to reset the configuration
parameters to factory defaults.
2. WAN
The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category
5 cable. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full
duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.
3. LAN
The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5
cables. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full
duplex; comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.
4. Power
The power jack allows an external DC +7.5 V power supply
connection.
The external AC to DC adaptor provide adaptive power
requirement to the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
5. Antenna The Wireless LAN Antenna.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
2 Installation
2.1 Hardware Installation
Step One: Place the Wireless LAN Broadband Router to the best optimum transmission
location.
The best transmission location for your X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router is
usually at the geographic center of your wireless network, with line of sign to all of
your mobile stations.
Step Two: Connect the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router to your wired network.
Connect the Ethernet WAN interface of X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router by
category 5 Ethernet cable to your switch/ hub/ xDSL modem or cable modem. A
straight-through Ethernet cable with appropriate cable length is needed.
Step Three: Supply DC power to the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Use only the AC/DC power adapter supplied with the X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router; it may occur damage by using a different type of power adapter.
The hardware installation finished.
2.2 Software Installation
¾ There are no software drivers, patches or utilities installation needed, but only the
configuration setting. Please refer to chapter 3 for software configuration.
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3 Software configuration
There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs
done easily.
The X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router is delivered with the following factory default
parameters on the Ethernet LAN interfaces.
Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: <empty>
WEB login Password: <empty>
3.1 Prepare your PC to configure the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so, select View
all Control Panel options on the left side of the window
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the
Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000, XP:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections
icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area
Connection window will appear. Click Properties button in the Local Area
Connection window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the
Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click
the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
9 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
9 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
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3.2 Connect to the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore, then enter 192.168.1.254 on the
URL to connect the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
3.3 Management and configuration on the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband
Router
3.3.1 Status
This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes
system, wireless, Ethernet LAN and WAN configuration information.
Screen snapshot – Status
Item Description
System
Alias Name It shows the alias name of this X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router.
Uptime It shows the duration since X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router is powered on.
Firmware version It shows the firmware version of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router.
Wireless configuration
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
SSID It shows the SSID of this X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router.
The SSID is the unique name of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router and shared among its service area, so
all devices attempts to join the same wireless network
can identify it.
Channel Number It shows the wireless channel connected currently.
Encryption It shows the status of encryption function.
Associated Clients It shows the number of connected clients (or stations,
PCs).
BSSID It shows the BSSID address of the X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router. BSSID is a six-byte address.
LAN configuration
IP Address It shows the IP address of LAN interfaces of X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask It shows the IP subnet mask of LAN interfaces of
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for LAN interfaces
outgoing data packets.
DHCP Server It shows the DHCP server is enabled or not.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of LAN interfaces of X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
WAN configuration
Attain IP Protocol It shows how the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router
gets the IP address. The IP address can be set manually to
a fixed one or set dynamically by DHCP server or attain
IP by PPPoE connection.
IP Address It shows the IP address of WAN interface of X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask It shows the IP subnet mask of WAN interface of
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Default Gateway It shows the default gateway setting for WAN interface
outgoing data packets.
MAC Address It shows the MAC address of WAN interface of X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
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3.3.2 Wireless Basic Settings
This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients that may
connect to your Broadband Router. Here you may change wireless encryption
settings as well as wireless network parameters.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Basic Settings
Item Description
Alias Name It is the alias name of this X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router. The alias name can be 32 characters
long.
Disable Wireless LAN
Tick on to disable the wireless LAN data transmission.
Interface
SSID It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32
bytes long.
Channel Number Select the wireless communication channel from
pull-down menu.
Associated Clients Click the Show Active Clients button to open Active
Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC address,
transmit-packet, receive-packet and transmission-rate for
each associated wireless client.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.3 Wireless Advanced Settings
These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a sufficient
knowledge about wireless LAN. These settings should not be changed unless you
know what effect the changes will have on your X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband
Router.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Advanced Settings
Item Description
Authentication Type Click to select the authentication type in Open System,
Shared Key or Auto selection.
Fragment Threshold Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value can be
written between 256 and 2346 bytes.
Refer to 4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?
RTS Threshold Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written between 0
and 2347 bytes.
Refer to 4.11 What is RTS(Request To Send) Threshold?
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Beacon Interval Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written between 20
and 1024 ms.
Refer to 4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
Data Rate Select the transmission data rate from pull-down menu.
Data rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M, 2M or 1Mbps.
Preamble Type Click to select the Long Preamble or Short Preamble
support on the wireless data packet transmission.
Refer to 4.13 What is Preamble Type?
Broadcast SSID Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.
Refer to 4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
IAPP Click to enable or disable the IAPP function.
Refer to4.19 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol(IAPP)?
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.4 Wireless Security Setup
This page allows you setup the wireless security. Turn on WEP or WPA by using
encryption keys could prevent any unauthorized access to your wireless network.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Security Setup
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Item Description
Encryption Select the encryption supported over wireless access. The
encryption method can be None, WEP or WPA.
Use 802.1x
Authentication
WPA Authentication
Mode
WPA Unicast Cipher
Suite
Refer to 4.9 What is WEP?
4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
4.16 What is 802.1X Authentication?
4.17 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
4.18 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?
While Encryption is selected to be WEP.
Click the check box to enable IEEE 802.1x
authentication function.
Refer to 4.16 What is 802.1x Authentication?
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Click to select the WPA Authentication Mode with
WPA-RADIUS or Pre-Shared Key.
Refer to 4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Click to enable the WPA unicast cipher suite to be TKIP
and AES.
Refer to 4.17 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP)?
4.18 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?
Pre-Shared Key Format While Encryption is selected to be WPA.
Select the Pre-shared key format from the pull-down
menu. The format can be Passphrase or Hex (64
characters).
Pre-Shared Key Pre-shared key 2 of WPA security encryption function.
Authentication
RADIUS Server
Set the IP address, port and login password information
of authentication RADIUS sever.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Screen snapshot – Set WEP Key
Item Description
Key Length Select the WEP shared secret key length from pull-down
menu. The length can be chose between 64-bit and
128-bit (known as “WEP2”) keys.
The WEP key is composed of initialization vector (24
bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).
Key Format Select the WEP shared secret key format from pull-down
menu. The format can be chose between plant text
(ASCII) and hexadecimal (HEX) code.
Default Tx Key Set the default secret key for WEP security function.
Value can be chose between 1 and 4.
Encryption Key 1 Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 2 Secret key 2 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 3 Secret key 3 of WEP security encryption function.
Encryption Key 4 Secret key 4 of WEP security encryption function.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Close Click to close this WEP Key setup window.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
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WEP encryption key (secret key) length:
Length
Format
64-bit 128-bit
ASCII 5 characters 13 characters
HEX 10 hexadecimal codes 26 hexadecimal codes
3.3.5 Wireless Access Control
If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless MAC
addresses are in the access control list will be able to connect to your Access Point.
When this option is enabled, no wireless clients will be able to connect if the list
contains no entries.
Screen snapshot – Wireless Access Control
Item Description
Enable Wireless Access
Control
Click the check box to enable wireless access control.
This is a security control function; only those clients
registered in the access control list can link to this
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of client to register this X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router access capability.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Comment Fill in the comments for the registered client.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the client to
new configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Current Access Control
List
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be access
Delete All Click to delete all the registered clients from the access
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
3.3.6 WDS Setup
Wireless Distribution System uses wireless media to communicate with other APs,
like the Ethernet does. To do this, you must set these APs in the same channel and
set MAC address of other AP that you want to communicate with in the table and
then enable the WDS.
It shows the registered clients that are allowed to link to
this X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
right removed from this X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband
Router.
allowed list.
previous configuration setting.
Screen snapshot – WDS Setup
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Item Description
Enable Wireless
Click the check box to enable wireless distribution
Distribution System
system. Refer to 4.20 What is Wireless Distribution
System (WDS)?
MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of AP to register the wireless
distribution system access capability.
Comment Fill in the comments for the registered AP.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the AP to new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Current Access Control
List
It shows the registered APs that are allowed in the
wireless distribution system.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected clients that will be removed
from the wireless distribution system.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered APs from the wireless
distribution system allowed list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
3.3.7 LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that connects
to the LAN ports of your X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router. Here you may
change the setting for IP address, subnet mask, DHCP, etc.
previous configuration setting.
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Screen snapshot – LAN Interface Setup
Item Description
IP Address Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces of this X-Micro
WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces of this
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out going
data packets.
DHCP Server Select to enable or disable the DHCP server function on
LAN interfaces from pull-down menu.
DHCP Client Range Fill in the start IP address and end IP address to allocate a
range of IP addresses; client with DHCP function set will
be assigned an IP address from the range.
Show Client Click to open the Active DHCP Client Table window that
shows the active clients with their assigned IP address,
MAC address and time expired information.
802.1d Spanning Tree Select to enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning
Tree function from pull-down menu.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
cloned. Refer to 4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
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Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.8 WAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for wide area network that connects
to the WAN port of your X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router. Here you may
change the access method to Static IP, DHCP, PPPoE or PPTP by click the item
value of WAN Access Type.
A. Static IP
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – Static IP
Item Description
Static IP Click to select Static IP support on WAN interface. There
are IP address, subnet mask and default gateway settings
need to be done.
IP Address If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill
in the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill
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in the subnet mask for it.
Default Gateway If you select the Static IP support on WAN interface, fill
in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data
packets.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
cloned. Refer to 4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.21 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
B. DHCP Client
previous configuration setting.
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – DHCP Client
Item Description
DHCP Client Click to select DHCP support on WAN interface for IP
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address assigned automatically from a DHCP server.
Attain DNS
Automatically
Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the DHCP support is
selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for DHCP support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
cloned. Refer to 4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.21 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
C. PPPoE
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPPoE
Item Description
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PPPoE Click to select PPPoE support on WAN interface. There
are user name, password, connection type and idle time
settings need to be done.
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in
the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.
Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in
the user name and password to login the PPPoE server.
Connection Type Select the connection type from pull-down menu. There
are Continuous, Connect on Demand and Manual three
types to select.
Continuous connection type means to setup the
connection through PPPoE protocol whenever this
X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband Router is powered on.
Connect on Demand connection type means to setup the
connection through PPPoE protocol whenever you send
the data packets out through the WAN interface; there are
a watchdog implemented to close the PPPoE connection
while there are no data sent out longer than the idle time
set.
Manual connection type means to setup the connection
through the PPPoE protocol by clicking the Connect
button manually, and clicking the Disconnect button
manually.
Idle Time If you select the PPPoE and Connect on Demand
connection type, fill in the idle time for auto-disconnect
function. Value can be between 1 and 1000 minutes.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400. Refer to 4.22 What is Maximum Transmission
Unit (MTU) Size?
Attain DNS
Automatically
Click to select getting DNS address for PPPoE support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the PPPoE support is
selected.
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for Static IP support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
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Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
cloned. Refer to 4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Refer to 4.21 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
D. PPTP(Only in Firmware-1.6x)
Screen snapshot – WAN Interface Setup – PPTP –1
Item Description
PPTP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to
secure the data transmission among the connection. User
can use embedded PPTP client supported by this router to
make a VPN connection.
IP Address If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in
the IP address for it.
Subnet Mask If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in
the subnet mask for it.
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Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the PPTP Server.
User Name If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in
the user name and password to login the PPTP server.
Password f you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in
the user name and password to login the PPTP server.
MTU Size Fill in the mtu size of MTU Size. The default value is
1400. Refer to 4.22 What is
Maximum Transmission
Unit (MTU) Size?
Attain DNS
Automatically
Set DNS Manually Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP support.
DNS 1 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.
DNS 2 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.
DNS 3 Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 3.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
Enable uPNP Click the checkbox to enable uPNP function.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
Click to select getting DNS address for PPTP support.
Please select Set DNS Manually if the PPTP support is
selected.
cloned. Refer to 4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
Refer to 4.21 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
configuration setting.
previous configuration setting.
3.3.9 Firewall - Port Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your
local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful
in securing or restricting your local network.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Filtering
Item Description
Enable Port Filtering Click to enable the port filtering security function.
Port Range
Protocol
Comments
To restrict data transmission from the local network on
certain ports, fill in the range of start-port and end-port,
and the protocol, also put your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from
the ports.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the ports to
port filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected port range that will be
removed from the port-filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
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3.3.10 Firewall - IP Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your
local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful
in securing or restricting your local network.
Screen snapshot – Firewall - IP Filtering
Item Description
Enable IP Filtering Click to enable the IP filtering security function.
Local IP Address
Protocol
Comments
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain IP addresses, fill in the IP address and the
protocol, also put your comments on it.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from
the IP address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address
to IP filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected IP address that will be
removed from the IP-filtering list.
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Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
IP-filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.11 Firewall - MAC Filtering
Entries in this table are used to restrict certain types of data packets from your
local network to Internet through the Gateway. Use of such filters can be helpful
in securing or restricting your local network.
Screen snapshot – Firewall - MAC Filtering
Item Description
Enable MAC Filtering Click to enable the MAC filtering security function.
MAC Address
Comments
To restrict data transmission from local network on
certain MAC addresses, fill in the MAC address and your
comments on it.
Comments let you know about whys to restrict data from
the MAC address.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the MAC
address to MAC filtering list.
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Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected MAC address that will be
removed from the MAC-filtering list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
MAC-filtering list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.12 Firewall - Port Forwarding
Entries in this table allow you to automatically redirect common network services
to a specific machine behind the NAT firewall. These settings are only necessary
if you wish to host some sort of server like a web server or mail server on the
private local network behind your Gateway's NAT firewall.
Screen snapshot – Firewall - Port Forwarding
Item Description
Enable Port Forwarding Click to enable the Port Forwarding security function.
IP Address
Protocol
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To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific
IP address that hosted in local network behind the NAT
USER’S MANUAL OF X-MICRO WLAN 11b BROADBAND ROUTER Version: 2.6
Port Range
Comment
firewall, fill in the IP address, protocol, port range and
your comments.
The Protocol can be TCP, UDP or Both.
The Port Range for data transmission.
Comments let you know about whys to allow data
packets forward to the IP address and port number.
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address
and port number to Port forwarding list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Delete Selected Click to delete the selected IP address and port number
that will be removed from the port-forwarding list.
Delete All Click to delete all the registered entries from the
port-forwarding list.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.13 Firewall - DMZ
A Demilitarized Zone is used to provide Internet services without sacrificing
unauthorized access to its local private network. Typically, the DMZ host contains
devices accessible to Internet traffic, such as Web (HTTP) servers, FTP servers,
SMTP (e-mail) servers and DNS servers.
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Screen snapshot – Firewall - DMZ
Item Description
Enable DMZ Click to enable the DMZ function.
DMZ Host IP Address
Apply Changes Click the Apply Changes button to register the IP address
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
3.3.14 Statistics
This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception regarding to
wireless, Ethernet LAN and Ethernet WAN networks.
To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP
address of DMZ host that can be access from the WAN
interface.
of DMZ host.
previous configuration setting.
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Screen snapshot – Statistics
Item Description
Wireless LAN
Sent Packets
Wireless LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet LAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet WAN
Sent Packets
Ethernet WAN
Received Packets
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the wireless
LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet WAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
Ethernet WAN interface.
Refresh Click the refresh the statistic counters on the screen.
3.3.15 Upgrade Firmware
This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version. Please
note, do not power off the device during the upload because it may crash the
system.
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Screen snapshot – Upgrade Firmware
Item Description
Select File
Upload Click the Upload button to update the selected web
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
3.3.16 Save/ Reload Settings
This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings from the
file that was saved previously. Besides, you could reset the current configuration
to factory default.
Click the Browse button to select the new version of web
firmware image file.
firmware image to the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband
Router.
previous configuration setting.
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Screen snapshot – Save/Reload Settings
Item Description
Save Settings to File
Load Settings from File Click the Browse button to select the configuration files
Reset Settings to
Default
3.3.17 Password Setup
This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access Point.
Empty user name and password will disable the protection.
Click the Save button to download the configuration
parameters to your personal computer.
then click the Upload button to update the selected
configuration to the X-Micro WLAN 11b Broadband
Router.
Click the Reset button to reset the configuration
parameter to factory defaults.
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Screen snapshot – Password Setup
Item Description
User Name
Fill in the user name for web management login control.
New Password Fill in the password for web management login control.
Confirmed Password Because the password input is invisible, so please fill in
the password again for confirmation purpose.
Apply Changes Clear the User Name and Password fields to empty,
means to apply no web management login control.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
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4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
4.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?
IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks
using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.
The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers
separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254
could be an IP address.
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number.
(On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to
the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a
correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address
on the LAN.
To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,
9 Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
9 Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.
¾ Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is
the one entitled Physical Address.
4.2 What is Wireless LAN?
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need
for any wired connections to the user’s machine.
4.3 What are ISM bands?
ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are
located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75 MHz.
4.4 How does wireless networking work?
The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In
infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected
to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration
is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or
more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most corporate WLANs require access
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to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in
infrastructure mode.
Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode
Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or
IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one
another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode
is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless
infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room,
convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for
consultants at a client site).
Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode
4.5 What is BSSID?
A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others.
Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name.
4.6 What is ESSID?
The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It
is used to identify different wireless networks.
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4.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference?
Factors of interference:
¾ Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
¾ Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.
¾ Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.
Solutions to overcome the interferences:
9 Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
9 Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.
9 Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves,
monitors, electric motors, … etc.
9 Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.
4.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?
IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and
shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request
authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends
an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station.
The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the
sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to
have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the
802.11 wireless network communications channel.
4.9 What is WEP?
An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a
wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys
that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to
eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a
wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to
encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that
packets are not modified in transit.
4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?
The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11
to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several
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fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold
value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment
threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the
overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial
reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold,
the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold
leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and
fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger
than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets,
for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will
cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted,
can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll
want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible.
4.11 What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?
The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the
RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be
transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS
threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS
threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends
out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send
back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high
network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there
may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS
threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable
bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance.
4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes
management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a
type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling
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stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a
station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to
wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access
point).
4.13 What is Preamble Type?
There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble
basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices
support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for
example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization
field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.
4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access
point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By
disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the
access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the
D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports
operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network
security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections.
4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?
Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been
viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term
solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE
802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members
of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i task group to
develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team
developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.
To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA
software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card,
and possibly a software update for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an
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authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP
authentication protocol, will be added to the network.
4.16 What is 802.1x Authentication?
802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and
leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up authentication with
Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.
Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages
that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security.
4.17 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?
The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i
encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired
Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides
per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus
fixing the flaws of WEP.
4.18 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?
Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s
next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.
4.19 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?
The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor
interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.
IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between
the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol
uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response
exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2
devices.
4.20 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?
The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs
via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.
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4.21 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?
UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control
points. The ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices
regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and wired/wireless
connection.
4.22 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger
than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation,
the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual
MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU.
The default is value 1400.
4.23 What is Clone MAC Address?
Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to
register to a server machine with one identified MAC address.
Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the X-Micro WLAN
11b Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the X-Micro WLAN 11b
Broadband Router will solve the issue.
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www.x-micro.com
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