This document describes the Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module and is
intended to support developers when integrating t he product into host devices.
Purpose
The Integrator’s Guide is designed to give the reader a deeper technical
understanding of t he Ericsson Mobile Broadband Modules and information
needed for integrating the pr oduct into host devices. It also describes the PC
software for the Mobile Broadband Modules that has been developed by
Ericsson.
Trademark and Acknowledgements
Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista, Internet Explorer, . NET and Outlook are
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries.
Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the United States
Ericsson is a trademark of Telefonakti ebolaget LM Ericsson.
GSM and the GSM Logo are registered and owned by the GS M Association.
PGPS is a trademark of Rx Networks Inc.
Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other
countries.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All other product or
service names mentioned in this document are trademarks of their respective
companies.
13.1 Test Setup for Measuring Host-Generated Noise ...................................70
13.1.1 Test Setup ................................................................................................71
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1 Introduction
Ericsson’s C5621/C33 Mobile Broadband Module is a 277 pin LGA
subassembly, which enables end users to have mobile access to the internet
or corporate network with flexibility and high speed, including ‘a lways online’
capability. It supports data services HSPA Evolution, HSPA, UMTS, EDGE,
GPRS, and SMS. The C5621 module also has an integrated GPS receiver,
which can be used by positioning applications.
The Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module is a solution designed as an add-in
option for various host devices such as netbooks, tablets, Personal Navigation
Devices (PND), e-Readers, handheld gaming devices, cameras and other
consumer devices.
The integrat ion of HSI and SPI are not covered in this document. However,
they will be covered in future revisions.
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
Product introduction and general information can be found in the Technical
Description and User Guide for the mobile br oadband module, see [1].
1.1 Target Users
The Ericsson Mobile Broadband Modules are designed for the embedded
community for integration into any host device. Target focus is mainstream
PC-OEM businesses making slim tablet devices, Personal Navigation Devices
(PND), e-Readers and other consumer devices.
1.2 Prerequisites
Integration of the Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module should be performed at
facilities under host device management. The necessary integration
instruction, driver software and user documentation will be provided. No
special prerequisite knowledge is necessary. In general, it is recommended to
follow the guidelines presented by GSMA for the integration of 3G WWAN
modules into notebook computers, see 3G in Notebooks Guidelines [2]
.
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2 Product Details and Key Features
This section explains the key features of the C5621/C33 Mobile Broadband
modules.
2.1 USB Quick Enumeration
The USB start-up time is defined as the time from the module power-up to
USB enumeration (USB_D+ signal high), and is, normally, less than 3 s. To
further shorten the USB start-up time, quick enumeration can be used as
described below.
The Mobile Broadband Module supports USB quick enumeration to minimize
the time it takes until the USB_D+ signal becomes high. The feature can be
used to improve performance if the host BIOS includes a lock mechanism
which restricts the Mobile Broadband Modules that can be used with the host.
The quick-enumeration process is described below and is depicted in Figure
1.
1 When the module is powered, it will quickly bring up USB functionality to
set the USB_D+ signal high.
2 When the host device detects the module and asks for descriptors, the
module will reply with a descriptor giving VID and PID (PID will not be the
same as in the full enumeration that follows), model name and vendor
name.
3 When the descriptor has been received, the host will send a Set
Configuration command.
4 When the module has replied its descriptor and received the set
configuration command, it will make a soft detach from the USB. If the host
does not ask for the descriptor within a certain t ime limit, the module will
make a soft detach anyway to continue the module start-up sequence.
5 After the module has made the soft detach, it will make a full enumeration.
The descriptor for the full enumeration will include configura tion and
interface descriptors.
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Host
Power On
Mobile Broadband Module
Power On
GetDescriptors
Soft Detach
VID, PID model
and vendor name
Continue Start-up
Set Configuration
USB_D+ Quick Enumeration
USB_D+ Full Enumeration
Figure 1, USB quick-enumeration process
2.2 Always On
The Mobile Broadband Module behavior when the host enters Sleep ( ACPI
S3) or Hibernate (ACP I S4) is configurable by registry key settings. The
WMCore service can command the module to either shut down or stay
registered to the network - “Alwa ys On”. When the Always On setting is
enabled, the module shall be kept powered-on while the host device goes into
sleep/hibernate. W hen the Always On setting is disabled, the module power
supply shall be turned off when host device enters Sleep.
If “ Always On” is enabled, the WWAN LED and WW AN disable functionality
shall also be supported by the host device when in S3. This requirement is to
ensure that the W WAN LED indication is available even if the h ost device is in
Sleep state.
For implementations that do not use the W MCore service, such as Linux or 3
party connection managers, the host device software is required to handle the
Always On functionalit y if implemented.
rd
It is also possible to configure the Mobile Broadband Module to automatically
enable the radio and register to the network without interaction wit h the host
device software. The module checks this configuration at each start-up and
changes the radio state accordingly. Please refer to ME Radio Policy in the AT
command manual [4].
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2.3 Wake on Wireless
The module supports Wake on W ireless (WoW) functionality, i.e. wake the
host from sleep states. The WoW feature requires the host device to have the
Always On feature enabled. The W oW trigger-rules can be set by AT
commands. The WoW functionality can be configured to use the USB
interface or WAKE_N signal to trigger a wake-up signal in order to wake up
the host.
Table 1 WoW support
Mode l Interface Host State (ACPI)
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
C5621 / C33
USB, WAKE_N
signal
Sleep (S3), Hibernate
(S4) and Off (S5).
The module can be configured to wake the host when an SMS, starting with a
predefined text string (payload) and/or with a predefined orig inating address,
is received by the module. When an SMS, which corresponds to the above
criteria, is received an unsolicited AT response is generated. T he wake event
is signaled using the USB and the normal USB wakeup procedure is triggered.
Additionally it is possible to configure out of band wakeup signaling using the
WAKE_N signal.
In addition to wakeup trigger ed by SMS, the module can be configured to
wake the host when other pr edefined events occur, which generate unsolicited
AT responses. Examples are changes in network status, reception of any
SMS and SMS memory full.
If the wake up was triggered by an S MS, the payload can be fetched using the
SDK or AT commands [9] when the host has resumed from its sleep state.
For further detai ls see [15].
2.4 Idle Mode Power Management
The Mobile Broadband Module supports features to minimize power
consumption when in idle mode. Based on the ongoing activities in t he
module, the module is able to remove or decrease power in various parts of
the platform.
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2.4.1 USB Selective Suspend
The Mobile Broadband Module and the drivers support USB selective
suspend. The USB selective suspend functionality is available for both
Windows and Linux (autosuspend). W hen there is no communication over the
module’s USB interface, the interface will automatically be suspended
independently of other devices connected to the host device. When the
selective suspend mode is reached the power consumption in the module
decreases significantly, and it also allows the host platform to enter lower
power modes.
To optimize the time the module spends in USB selective suspend, it is
important that software applications on the host device subscribes to events
from the W MCore service or utilize unsolicited AT commands instead of
periodically polling for information. Please see note in chapter 4.3.4. 1 for host
design recommendations.
2.4.2 Continuous Packet Connectivity
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
The C5621 module has support for the CPC feature available in 3GPP release
7. CPC is a set of features to save battery power. The most important features
are DRX and DTX.
DRX (Discontinuous Reception): When module is in HSPA mode it has to
monitor a certain signaling channel from the base station to see if data
packets will be delivered to it in coming time slots. If the data traffic is bursty,
the base station can instruct the module to listen to the signaling channel less
frequently than normal. In this way the module’s receiver can be switched off
and save power.
DTX (Discontinuous Transmission): W hen module is in HSP A mode it has to
stay synchronized to the base station. The module does this by sending
control information on a dedicated signaling channel to the base station. This
is done continuously. If data traffic is bursty, the base station can let the
module send information in bursts rather than continuously. In this way the
module’s transmitter can be switched off and save power.
The CPC feature also helps to improve the initial data latency which occurs
while moving from the idle channels to high speed data channels. The CPC
feature needs to be supported in the radio network to be effective.
2.4.3 Fast Dormancy
The C5621 module has support for the Fast Dormancy feature. It is a feature
for saving batter y life. This functionalit y enables a way around the network
timers for downgrading from Cell_DCH/Cell_FACH to the least power state in
a faster manner.
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The module sends a ‘Signalling Connection Rele ase Indication’ Cause to the
network. The UTRAN (network) upon reception of this IE may decide to trigger
an RRC State transition to a more battery efficient state, ultimately IDLE.
Fast Dormancy is triggered and is steered from the host and it’s a feature
available in 3GPP release 8.
Note: The fast dormancy support in C5621 has one of the timers (T323) set to a
default value of 60 seconds.
2.5 Over-temperature protection
To protect the Mobile Broadband Module hardware from over-heating, and to
ensure radio performance and component life l ength, the module supports
over-temperature protection.
The over-temperature protection function consists of three parts:
• Over-temperature signaling
• GPS thermal throttling
• PA thermal throttling
2.5.1 Over-temperature signaling
This function reports to the host SW, e.g. connection manager software, when
the temperature passes through some configurable temperature threshold;
refer to the SDK [5] and the AT Command Manual [4] for details.
2.5.2 GPS Thermal Throttling
The GPS Thermal Throttling function limits the GPS functionalit y according to
module temperature. This is done to prioritize module functionality in higher
temperatures.
GPS will automatically turn off when temperature exceeds Threshold A, see
Figure 2. Any changes in the GPS status depending on this function is
reported, unsolicited, to the host software; see the SDK [5] and the AT
Command Manual [4] for details.
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Temperature
Threshold A
Time
* Start limited search time,
T_status changes to 1
GPS shut down,
T_status changes to 2
* Search time limited to 90s by default
GPS re-start allowed when
below hysteresis, T_status
changes to 1
GPS operation allowed if
last command was GPS
enable, T_status changes
to 0
Figure 2, GPS Thermal Throttling
2.5.3 PA Thermal Throttling
The PA Thermal Throttling function limits the output power according to
module temperature. The temperature thresholds and back-off values are set
in module firmware see Figure 3. The decreased maximal output power will
cause the mobile network to take action, for instance limit uplink throughput or
handover to 2G.
Figure 3, Maximal output power reduction due to PA throttling
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MAIN Antenna
TX/RX
DIV Antenna
WCDMA RX
LED
VBAT
GND
USB
WWAN_Disable_N
WAKE
GPS_Disable_N
GPS Antenna
UART 0 & 1
SPI
POWER_ON
LGA PADS
UICC
Interface
Control &
Status
Interface
Power
Interface
Data
Communication
Interface
HSI
HW_READY
RTC_CLK
RF
Interface
Mobile Broadband Module
C5621 / C3304
3 System Integration Overview
C5621/ C33 Mobile Broadband Module is a 277 pin LGA SIP module.
Interfaces and functionality needed on the host device side are shown in
Figure 4.
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
3.1 Power On
Figure 4, Mobile Broadband module interface overview. Please note: HIS and
SPI are for future use. HW_Ready is a signal directed out from the
module. All other signals are directed in to the module.
The module start-up is controlled by a GPIO signal, POWER_ON. Once VBAT
and RTC_CLK signals are fed to the module, the host device has to drive
POWER_ON signal high for starting t he module. The modul e asserts
HW_READY signal high. Though HW_READY is not an mandatory signal to
setup the interface towards the module, the host system can utilize this signal
to avoid back feeding. Refer to chapter 4.3.5.3 for the signal description. The
power on sequence is explained in Fi gure 5.
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~ 32 ms
HW_READY
POWER_ON
RTC_CLK
VBAT
Figure 5, Example of Module Power on Sequence
3.2 Power off
The module can be powered off by pulling down the POWER_ON signal low
for minimum 100 μs. The power down sequence is explained in Figure 6.
Though a hardware interface is available for the module shutdown, one shall
use it along with t he software method to shutdown the module safely. The
software solution is realized by using a background service (WMCore) in
Windows, which subscribes to Windows OS power events. When the host
switches state into hibernate ( ACPI S4) or power off (ACPI S5), a shut down
command is sent to the module. The module will autonomously de-register
from the radio network, save the mobile network list, turn off t he radio and shut
down the SIM. Finally the module itself is turned off, including the USB
interface.
The host device designer should keep the power to the module for at least 2
seconds after the Windows OS power event, to ensure that there is time for
the module to shut down properly. The shut down behavior towards the S IM
and network has to comply with 3GPP requirements, please refer to 3GPP TS
24.008 chapter 4.3. 4.
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~ 100 μs
HW_READY
POWER_ON
RTC_CLK
VBAT
Issue
AT+CFUN=0
~ 2 s
Figure 6, Example of Module Power down Sequence
Implementations that do not use the background service, such as Linux or 3rd
party connection managers, needs to issue the shutdown command to the
module and wait unt il the module disables its USB interface before turning off
the power supply to the module. This procedure is recommended to ensure
that the module pro perly de-registers from the radio network and saves the
current network list. The procedure guarantees quick registration on previous
available radio network dur ing the next p ower-on cycle.
Please refer to chapter 4.3.3.1 for more information about module electrical
requirements.
3.2.1 Module Restart/Reset
POWER_ON signal can be utilized to reset/restart the C5621/C33 module.
This can be done by driving this signal low for minimum 200 μs before driving
it high again. This will eventually power cycle the module. It is recommended
that this method of module reset shall be utilized only under irrecoverable
error conditions. For other conditions, it is always recommended to do a soft
reset using AT-Command.
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≥ 200 μs
HW_READY
POWER_ON
RTC_CLK
VBAT
Module Reset Cycle
±
Figure 7, Example of Module Reset Sequence
3.3 GPS Interface
The Mobile Broadband Module supports different kinds of assisted GPS
features, which put requirements on SW to be installed on the host side and in
some use cases also agreements to be signed by the integrator.
3.3.1 Antenna Recommendations
The GPS performance when integrated in a host device is dependent on
antenna efficiency (including cable loss), antenna pattern/polarization and
host-generated noise. The internal noise can be generated from DC/DC
converter, LCD, CPU, hard drives etc and other co-existing radio transceivers
(e.g. W LAN and Bluetooth). To achieve good performance the host-generated
noise level should be less than -116.5 dBm/MHz in 1525.4 2
The noise level is not possible to measure with conventional instruments.
However, there is a way to estimate the noise added by the host platform
using an Over-The-Air (OTA) measurement setup. The test setup is described
in chapter 13.1.
1 MHz band.
General recommendation for designing 3G, 2G and GPS antenna is stated in
the ‘Antenna Performance Guideline’ document [10].
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3.3.2 External antenna amplifier
If an external antenna amplifier is to be used, the gain of the amplifier coupled
with front end losses in cables and other components must be considered. If
strong jammers are picked up by the antenna and after that amplified by the
antenna amplifier there is a risk that the LNA in the C5621 gw module will
work in the nonlinear area and thereby degrading performance of the GPS.
Therefore, if an antenn a amplifier is to be used, try to avoid placing
transmitting antennas close to the GPS antenn a and do not use a more
powerful antenna amplifier than necessary. I.e. the amplifier does not add any
performance improvement by amplifying the signals more than losses in
cables and passives before entering the LNA in the C5621 gw module.
3.3.3 Assisted GPS Features
Assisted GPS can be divided into Internet-assisted and network-assisted
GPS. There exist multiple variants of both Internet- and network-assisted
GPS.
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
Table 2 Assisted GPS features in Mobile Broadband Modules
Mode l
A-GPS
Technologies
Extended
C5621
Ephemeris,
SUPL
Internet-assisted GPS is based on the ephemeris data that is downloaded
over Internet and transferred to t he module. To collect the ephemeris data,
proprietary code of the provider of the Internet-assisted service (stated in
Table 2) need to be run. The propr ietary code is include d in Ericsson’s PC
software for W indows.
3.3.4 2-antenna version
In the case that 2 antennas are preferred and main and diversity functionality,
as well as GPS functionality is required, a split of antenna signals is needed
outside the C5621 gw module.
An example of how this can be achieved is illustrated in Figure 8 below.
Internet Assisted
Variant
Network Assiste d
Variant
PGPS (RX Networks) OMA SUPL 1.0
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GPS
1μ
22 p
nm
47n
nm
1
2
34
5
6
Ubat
On C56 module
To WCDMA div
GPS extractor
component
Figure 8 Example of antenna signal split for 2 antenna version
The “GPS extractor component” in Figure 8 can be chosen as follows:
TDK-EPC: B39162B7742E310
Taiyo Yuden: G6KU1G575L4WF
Be careful to read the application note of the chosen “GPS extractor component” in order to include matching components or other external
components in the design.
Also included in the illustration in Figure 8 is an example of how an antenna
amplifier can be power fed. Be aware that capacitors and inductors must not
be omitted. This is in order not to risk damaging components or degrade
performance of the system.
The signal trace from the antenna to the C5621 gw module is carrying RF
signals. Thus, the trace must refer to a ground plane and the trace width must
be calculated by considering the distance to the ground plane and the
dielectric constant of the circuit board used. For all RF signals it is really
important not to place them close to any source of distortion such as digital
signals, clock signals, power signals or any other signal with sharp transients
or high power.
Preferably the antenna should be placed as close as possible to the module to
minimize signal losses and risks for distortions being picked up.
3.4 UICC (USIM Card)
An external S IM card with 3 V or 1.8 V technolog y must be connected to the
Mobile Broad Band Module via the UIM interface pins. It is recommended that
the host device design minimizes the connection length between the Ericsson
Mobile Broadband Module and the UICC reader. It is also recommended to
minimize the potential for coupling of interfering signals to the UICC interface.
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Note: The UICC design (UICC reader, signal strength and i ntegrity), is part of the
3GPP testing on system level.
Note: UICC electrical requirements are not guaranteed by the module in the event of
UICC Hot swap. Host device design is required to choose a UICC socket
which offers such protection.
Note: This is a software-based solution. The S IM_OFF signal is not used.
3.4.1 UICC Hot Swap
The Mobile Broadband module will autonomously detect and reset its internal
logic to handle a UICC hot swap. The module can be configured to send a n
unsolicited AT response when a UICC removal event is registered. W hen a
UICC detection event is registered, the host will be alerted by an unsolicited
response before the module is automatically restarted. The W MCore service
handles this logic and will issue UICC event notifications on the C++ API [5].
The host must be prepared for an automatic module restart when a UICC
detection event is registered. For implementations that d o not use the
WMCore service, such as Linux or 3
device software is required to handle the UICC hot swap functionality, if
implemented.
rd
party connection managers, the host
3.5 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions
The Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module is Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
protected. However, it is recommended that integrators follow electronic
device handling precautions when working with any electronic device system
to prevent damage to the host or the radio device.
When the Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module is mounted in the host, it is the
responsibility of the integrator to ensure that static discharge protection is
designed in to the host product. If exposed, the antenna and UICC interf aces
are vulnerable contact points for ESD.
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4 Electrical Integration
This chapter describes the electrical interface between the Ericsson Mobile
Broadband Module and the host device. A summary of the function of each
signal is provided, together wit h any additional relevant information.
Signals are described from the perspective of the Ericsson Mobile Broadband
Module. Consequently, signals described as ‘Input’ are input signals to the
module, driven by the host [Host ⇒ Module]. Likewise, signals described as
‘Output’ are dri ven by the module into the host [Module ⇒ Host]. Bi-directional
signal flow ( I/O) is indicated by a double-headed arrow [Module ⇔ Host]. In
cases like UICC interface, which utilizes the host circuitry to interface to the
module, it will be indicated as an interface between the module and the
respective component, like [Module ⇒ UICC].
Apart from the module solderi ng process, the system radio performance
depends also on host system design, host device noise, antenna design and
performance etc. The host antenna system design is very important for total
radio performance. For minimal system 3G performance recommendations
see [2]. Note that the operators may have stricter radio performance
requirements than stated in [1].
Integrator's Guide - C5621 / C33
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment if the equipment is installed an d operated with
minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body. Depending
on host design and antenna location there are requirements on human body
exposure to RF emissions, please refer to [11] and [12] for more information.
The transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any
other antenna or transmitter.