Wi-Next NAAWIGO MINI User Manual

INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
GUIDE - NAAWIGO MINI

2

INDEX

1 VERIFICATION SECTION 4

1.1 Approval 4

1.2 Revision history 4

1.3 Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations 4

2 INTRODUCTION 5

2.1 Compliance with R&TTE directives 5

2.2 Restrictions of use: ministerial regulations 5

2.3 Warnings 5

3 DESCRIPTION OF NAAWIGO MINI 7

3.1 Package content 7

3.2 The device 7

3.3 Technical specification of Naawigo Mini 8

4 SETTING UP OF THE DEVICE 9

4.1 Installation and inter-connection 9

4.2 Preparing and switching on the device 9

5 CONFIGURATION 10

5.1 N.A.A.W. control panel 10

5.2 First access 11

5.3 Main menu 12

5.4 Main 12

5.5 Main – profile management 13

5.6 Change of parameters 14

5.7 System 15

5.8 IP 16

5.9 Wi-Fi 19

5.10 Services 23

5.11 Firewall and Port Forwarding 24

5.12 Default profiles 25

5.13 Troubleshooting 29

5.13.1 The N.A.A.W. assigned IP address is not available 29

3

INDEX

6 MATERIAL DISPOSAL 30

6.1 Toxic substances 30

7 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE 31

7.1 Restrictions of use in some countries 31

7.2 Restrictions of use of the device 32

7.3 Power output 32

7.4 Naawigo Mini 33

4

1. VERIFICATION SECTION

1.1 Approval

APPROVED BY POSITION DATE

Nicola De Carne Wireless Networking Director - Wi-Next S.r.l. 20th Jan 2011

1.2 Revision history

STATUS REV. AUTHOR DESCRIPTION DATE

001 00 Wi -Next S.r.l. First draft 15th Jun 2008

001 01 Wi-Next S.r.l. Revision 9th Mar 2010

002 01 Wi-Next S.r.l. Revision 20th Jan 2011

Further updates and related revisions of the present manual are available on-line at the
following address: www.winext.eu/wiki.

1.3 Definitions, acronyms and abbreviations

Naawigo

Mini

Wireless devices router:

frequency: 2,412 GHz - 2,472 GHz

standard:

IEEE 802.11 b/g – IEEE 802.11 d – IEEE 802.11 e
– IEEE 802.11 i

power supply: 120/240 V autosensing - 9 V output

5

2. INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing this Naawigo product. This document contains full
documentation relating to the product, including the declaration of conformity. The
user’s guide gives all the information regarding installation and testing of the Naawigo
Mini, and its subsequent periodic maintenance.

2.1 Compliance with R&TTE directives

Wi-Next S.r.l. declares that the Naawigo Mini complies with the essential requirements
and relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.

2.2 Restrictions of use: ministerial regulations

Please note that the use of this device is regulated by:

1 Legislative Decree 08/01/2003 N.259, Articles 104 (activity subject to general

authorisation) and 105 (free use for personal use);

2 Ministerial Decree 28/05/2003 and subsequent amendments to the provision of

private and public access to networks and telecommunications services.

2.3 Warnings

This manual sets out information to anyone in charge of:

• installation.

• maintenance.

• network administration or anyone employed in a technical capacity - provided they
are informed about the risks and safety standards regarding the installation, operation
and maintenance of electric radio communications equipment.

When carrying out the installation you must check the functionality of the Naawigo Mini.
Do not take any corrective action unless you are certain about the result.

Do not dismantle the device. Taking apart the device will invalidate the warranty.
In case of doubt, please contact our technical support section (e-mail: [e-mail]).

6

2. INTRODUCTION

The manufacturer will not be liable for any damage to property or injuries in case of:

• improper use of the device,

• use of the device by untrained staff,

• improper installation,

• faulty or inadequate materials used for the installation,

• unauthorised modifications,

• use of non genuine spare parts,

• non-compliance with the recommendations contained in this document.

The manual covers only the use of the application provided by the manufacturer and
under existing legislation relating to data transmission by radio.

7

3. DESCRIPTION OF NAAWIGO MINI

3.1 Package Content

The package contains:

• Wi-Fi Mini Naawigo device.

• 2 dBi omni-directional antenna with SMA connector.

• Power supply 230V/9V.

• User manual on CD-ROM.

3.2 The device

SMA connector
for externale antenna

LED:

- Power ON

- Diagnostic

- Wireless

- Ethernet

RJ-45 Ethernet port

DC power socket

8

3. DESCRIPTION OF NAAWIGO MINI

3.3 Technical specification of Naawigo Mini

Features

Operating Mode

Access Point
Client
RootAP / Transparent Client
Repeater
Wireless Adapter
Wireless Routing Client
Gateway
Naaw mesh

WAN Type

Static IP
Dynamic IP
PPPoE

Device Management

Web Server
Telnet or Secure Shell (SSH)

Data Capture Notification

Event Logging (Syslog)
Detailed Statistics per Client

Certification

CE

Dimension and Weight

91,8 mm x 66 mm x 25 mm
Weight: 80 gr.

Hardware features

Linux OS
CPU Atheros AR2317/2318 - 180 Mhz
16Mb SDRAM - 4 Mb FLASH RAM
LAN Interface: 1x10/100Mbps

Virtual Access Point

Up to 4 SSIDs with unique MAC Addresses (BSSID)

802.1q VLAN tag per VAP with Bridging
Configurable Security (WEP,WPA,WPA2, MAC
Filtering) per VAP

Advanced Features

Build-in DHCP server + DNS forwarder
Transmission Power Control (One dB per step)
Closed System (suppress SSID)
Transmission Rate Control

Security

Station Isolation
MAC Filtering
64 / 128-bit WEP

802.1x authentication
WPA-EAP and WPA-PSK, WPA2

Led Indicators

Power, Diagnostic, LAN, WAN, WLAN
Power Requirements ( DC Supply )
9VDC (Can Range from 9V to 15V)

Integrated Antennas

2 dBi detachable SMA antenna

802.11b/g

Environment

Temperature: from -20°C to +70°C
Humidity: from 10% to 80%

Technical specification

9

4.1 Installation and inter-connection

Naawigo Mini is equipped with safety features for the protection against direct and
indirect contact. However, the installation must be carried out by appropriately
qualified personnel who must observe the following precautions:

• check the package and promptly notify the supplier in case of damage,

• make sure access points, antennas and support structures are properly installed to
avoid health hazards,

• make sure that installation of the access point, antennas and cables is made in
accordance with local regulations regarding safety.

4.2 Preparing and switching on the device

Fix the omni-directional antenna by screwing it to the connector of the device (please
note that in the absence of an external antenna the device can work, i.e. it can be
configured, however its performance is affected).
Plug in the power supply to the mains and insert the 220/230V plug into the socket of
the device.
The device starts up and after about 60 seconds it reaches a fully functional status.

4. SETTING UP OF THE DEVICE

10

5. CONFIGURATION

5.1 N.A.A.W. control panel

The N.A.A.W. control panel is a Web application that resides on the device and is easily
accessible by pointing the browser to one of the IP addresses of the device, either
wirelessly or by cable.
If you want to configure your PC manually, you must know the address of the N.A.A.W.
interface to which you are connected (the default is 192.168.1.1/24 on Ethernet ports
and wireless network in AP mode). If you do not know the address, you can follow the
discovery procedure outlined in 5.13.1 “Troubleshooting - The device can’t be reached
at the assigned IP adress”.

11

5. CONFIGURATION

5.2 First access

To accede to the configuration menu of the device you need to connect it to a pc, to
open the Internet browser and to insert the default address 192.168.1.1.

Access data

USERNAME : root
PASSWORD : winext

On the Manual CD included in the package you can find a “.bin” file containing the
firmware of the device to be use to restore it, if needed, following the procedure reported
in chapter 5.7.

12

5. CONFIGURATION

5.3 Main menu

You can accede the different configuration pages through 6 TABS:

- Main

- System

- IP

- Wi-Fi

- Services

- Firewall

The TABS are automatically enabled/disabled according to the profile in use.

5.4 Main

The page shows two sections:

- Profile – Info regarding the active profile.

- Associated nodes – List of wireless nodes connected with the device; this section is
automatically updated in real time (it is empty if there isn’t an associated node). The
button GRAPH can be used to show the graph of the Wi-Fi signal (it can also be used
to optimize the pointing of the antennas).

13

5. CONFIGURATION

5.5 Main – profile management

By selecting the button “Profile management” you open a pop-up.
The profile that is in use is highlighted with the indication “Active”.
For each profile you can find a short description and 4 buttons:

- Activate – for the activation of the selected profile.

- Export – it exports the parameters of the profile to save them locally (for backup, to
use pre-set custom profiles during configuration activities, etc.).

- Copy – to create a copy of the selected profile with a new name.

- Restore – it restores all the parameters of the profile to the original setup.

At the bottom of the pop-up there is a box that you can use to upload profiles stored
locally; if you import a profile with the same name of an existing one the system will
overwrite it (asking a confirmation to the user).

In chapter 5.12 you can find all profiles included in Naawigo Mini device and the typical
scenario for whom they have been created.

14

5. CONFIGURATION

5.6 Change of parameters

When you change parameters the system automatically checks the value inserted in
each field.
Until the value is not properly formatted it is not possible to save the change e the field
is showed in red. Pressing the “undo” button you can cancel the change made on the
value of the field (or the option).

When you change one or more parameters in the top of the page you can find the menu
for the management of changes with an alert and 4 options:

- Try – It makes a test of the changes.

- Apply and save – To save the changes made to the configuration and to apply them
immediately.

- Save – It saves the changes made without applying them until next reboot.

- Restore – All changes that have been made to the page and not yet saved are
canceled.

When you make more changes to a profile it is better to save them (without applying
them) and to reboot the device from section “System”.

15

5. CONFIGURATION

5.7 System

The page shows 4 sections:

- System operations – from this section you can logout or reboot the device (operation
that is requie after making different changes to the configuration of the device).

- Change hostname – it allows you to define a new name for the device.

- Change password – it is used to change the password used to accede to the device.

- Firmware upgrade – this section is used to upgrade the firmware of the device;
through the box you can upload a new firmware version (it is a file in .bin format); the
option “Cancel configuration” is used to overwrite the customization made to the
profiles (restoring the device to a default configuration); if you don’t select this option
the device maintain the emended profiles.

16

5. CONFIGURATION

5.8 IP

In this page you can find up to 4 different sections for the configuration of IP addresses
(the number and the typology of sections that are showed is related to the active profile):

1) Point of access

This network is used as an access point from the client connecting to the device.
The available options are the following:

- Assignment section

- Mode used to assign the IP address: static or dynamic (with assignment made by

the DHCP server to whom the device is connected) - Profiles Access Point and
Repeater.

- Address section

- IP address – profiles Access Point, Repeater, Mesh and Router.

- Network (subnet mask) – profiles Access Point, Repeater, Mesh and Router.

- Gateway – IP address of the gateway to which the device is connected – Profiles

Access Point and Repeater.

- DNS – IP address of the DNS server used from the device – profiles Access Point

and Repeater.

- STP – option to activate the Spanning Tree Protocol – profiles Access Point and

Repeater.

- Export – option used to export the network (respectively from the ethernet port to

the mesh for the profile “Mesh” and from the wireless network to the Ethernet port
for the profile “Router”) – profiles Mesh and Router.

2) Mesh

This network is used by N.A.A.W. devices to connect among them and creating a mesh
network.
The assignment can be made in two ways:

- NAAW – the address is automatically assigned inside a 10.0.0.0/8 network.

- Static – the address is manually assigned from the user inserting IP address and

subnet mask.

The mesh network is used from all the mesh profiles (Mesh, Mesh GW, Mesh+AP and
Mesh+AP GW).

17

5. CONFIGURATION

3) WAN

This network is used from the device that is directly connected to the gateway (so that
the device operates as a gateway for the other N.A.A.W. devices and for the clients that
are connected – directly or through other N.A.A.W. devices).
The available options are the following:

- Assignment section

- Mode used to assign the IP address: static or dynamic (with assignment made by

the DHCP server to whom the device is connected) – Profiles Mesh GW, Mesh+AP
GW and Router.

- Address section

- IP address – profiles Mesh GW, Mesh+AP GW and Router.

- Network (subnet mask) – profiles Mesh GW, Mesh+AP GW and Router.

- Gateway – IP address of the gateway to which the device is connected – profiles

Mesh GW, Mesh+AP GW and Router.

- DNS – IP address of the DNS server used from the device – profiles Mesh GW,

Mesh+AP GW and Router.

- Masquerade section (NAT)

- Masquerade (NAT) – option used to enable the masquerade (NAT) of the traffic

coming from the network and passing through the device – profiles Mesh GW,
Mesh+AP GW and Router.

4) Bridge (Access Point + Ethernet)

This network is used to put the Ethernet port and the wireless interface in a bridge:

- Address section

- IP address – profiles Mesh+AP and Mesh+AP GW.

- Network (subnet mask) – profiles Mesh+AP and Mesh+AP GW.

- STP – option to activate the Spanning Tree Protocol – profiles Mesh+AP and

Mesh+AP GW.

- Export – option used to export the network (respectively from the network in Access

Point mode and from the Ethernet port to the mesh network for the profile
“Mesh+AP” and from the wireless network to the Ethernet port for the profile
“Mesh+AP GW”) – profiles Mesh+AP and Mesh+AP GW.

18

- List of the profiles and the IP configuration available for each:

- Access Point : Point of Access

- Repeater : Point of Access

- Mesh : Point of Access + Mesh

- Mesh GW : WAN + Mesh

- Mesh + AP : Bridge + Mesh

- Mesh + AP GW : WAN + Bridge + Mesh

- Router : WAN + Point of Access

5. CONFIGURATION

19

5. CONFIGURATION

5.9 Wi-Fi

The page includes two different parts of setup:

1) Radio

This section is related to the “physical” setup of the radio and is the same for all the
profiles.
The configurable options are the following:

- Radio activation – this parameter turn on or off the radio of the device.

- Mode – menu used to choose the radio mode among 802.11b/g (default), 802.1g

or 802.11b.

- Country – menu with the choice of the country where the device has to be used for

the activation of the proper radio channels.

- Channel – menu used to choose the transmission channel among those that are

available.

- Outdoor use – option used to activate the outdoor use according to the radio

channel / transmission power that can be used (in many countries this option
doesn’t produce any effect because the rules are the same for indoor or outdoor
use).

20

5. CONFIGURATION

2) Virtual Interfaces of the radio

This section is related to the setup of the virtual interfaces which alolow to use the radio
for the different services; the interfaces that can be used are 3 (the number and typology
of the section showed in the page are related to the active profile):

- Point of access

- Station

- Mesh

For each interface you can find, near its name, a small icon which allows to do the site
survey, that is tha real time analysis of the radio frequencies to detect the presence of
other wireless networks with the main info regarding them.

21

5. CONFIGURATION

- Point of access

This interface supply the “traditional” service of wireless access.
The options that can be configured are the following:

- SSID – name of the wireless network.

- Hide – option used to make the network invisible.

- WDS – option used to activate the WDS service (it has to be enabled when you use

configuration where the wireless signal is repeated).

- Encryption – menu where you can select the kind of encryption of the signal; when

you activate one kind of encryption the page shows a box where you have to insert
the security key.

- Station

This interface allows the device to connect as a client to a Wi-Fi network and it is used
when the profile “Repeater” is activated. The options that can be configured are the
same used for the “Point of Access” with an additional field:

- BSSID – this is the Mac Address of the Access Point on which you want to lock the

connection of the client interface. It is used when you have many Access Points
with the same SSID and you want to lock the client to a specific AP.

22

5. CONFIGURATION

- Mesh

This interface creates the N.A.A.W. mesh network among the devices.
The options that can be configured are the following:

- Mesh mode – it allows you to choose between Ad-hoc mode (classic setup) and

Ad-hoc demo (the same as the previous one but without any check packet
exchanged among the network).

- SSID – name of the wireless network.

- Hide – option used to make the network invisible.

- WDS – option used to activate the WDS service (it has to be enabled when you use

configuration where the wireless signal is repeated).

- identifier used by the devices to connect with each other; if you set-up the same

BSSID and the same radio channel the device can be connected even if they have
different SSID (this feature can be used for example to give different SSID names
to the devices installed in differente sites) – the BSSIDshould have the format of a
mac address (six pairs of hexadecimal values separated with the symbol “:”).

- Encryption – menu where you can select the kind of encryption of the signal; when

you activate one kind of encryption the page shows a box where you have to insert
the security key.

- List of the profiles and the virtual interfaces to be configured for each:

- Access Point : Point of Access

- Repeater : Station + Point of Access

- Mesh : Mesh

- Mesh GW : Mesh

- Mesh + AP : Mesh + Point of Access

- Mesh + AP GW : Mesh + Point of Access

- Router : Point of Access

23

5. CONFIGURATION

5.10 Services

This page can show up to 3 different configuration sections (first two are used by all the
profiles while the third is used only by part of them):

1) HTTP

Setup of the door through which the device can be reached via HTTP connection.

2) SSH

Setup of the door through which the device can be reached via SSH connection.

3) DHCP SERVER (profiles Mesh*, Mesh GW**, Mesh+AP, Mesh+AP GW, Router).

Configuration of the DHCP server.
The options that can be configured are the following:

- Enabling – this allows you to enable/disable DHCP service.

- Domain – this is the domain name inside which the DHCP server works.

- Authoritative – option to enable authoritative.

- Mask – netmask to be assigned to the clients.

- Start – Initial IP to be assigned from DHCP.

- Limit – maximum number of IP address that can be assigned by the DHCP.

- Lease – release time of the IP address due to inactivity of the client (it can be set at

15/30/60 minutes or without limit).

*for this profile it operates only through the Ethernet port.

**for this profile it is active only as a DNS server.

24

5. CONFIGURATION

5.11 Firewall and Port Forwarding

This page includes the setup for the firewall and for the definition of port forwarding. The
page is not included in Access Point and Repeater profiles..

1) Firewall

This section allows you to define firewall rules for packet in Input, Output or Forward and
to enable SYN Flood.

2) Port forwarding

Through this section you can define the rules for the port forwarding inserting:

- Name of the rule.

- Protocol to be used.

- Destination port.

- Destination IP.

- Forward port.

25

5. CONFIGURATION

5.12 Default profiles

1) Access Point

The device works as a standard Access Point that provides the Wi-Fi service.

2) Repeater

The device works as a wireless repeater that, being connected with a main Access
Point, extends its Wi-Fi coverage.

3) Mesh

The device works as a node of a mesh network (single Radio Interface in ad hoc mode).

4) Mesh GW

The device works as a gateway to Internet in a mesh ad hoc network (for a network of
devices using “Mesh” Profile).

5) Mesh + AP

The device works as a node of a mesh ad hoc network providing Wi-Fi service as an
Access Point through a second virtual interface.

6) Mesh + AP GW

The device works as a gateway to Internet in a mesh ad hoc network + AP (for a network
of devices using ‘Mesh + AP’ Profile).

7) Router

The device works as an Access Point operating also as a gateway to the Internet
providing basic services (i.e.: DHCP, DNS, NAT).

26

5. CONFIGURATION

Access Point Profile

You can use the profile Access Point to provide wireless service on a local area.

Repeater Profile

You can use this kind of network when you need to create a point-to-point connection
with one devices operating as a repeater to extend wireless coverage.

A - Access Point Profile
B - Repeater Profile

27

5. CONFIGURATION

Ad-Hoc Mesh Network

The ad-hoc mesh network allows you to create a level 3 infrastructure with automatic
management of routing among the nodes.

Ad-Hoc Mesh Network + Access Point

The ad-hoc mesh network allows you to create a level 3 infrastructure with automatic
management of routing among the nodes. All nodes also provide Wi-Fi service in Access
Point mode.

A - Mesh GW Profile
B - Mesh Profile

A - Mesh + AP GW Profile
B - Mesh + AP Profile

28

5. CONFIGURATION

Access Point with routing service

In this configuration besides operating a san access point the device acts as a router.
You should use Router profile.

29

5. CONFIGURATION

5.13 Troubleshooting

5.13.1 The device can’t be reached at the assigned IP address

During the configuration of N.A.A.W. devices it is possible, for whatever reason, that you
are unable to identify the IP address of the interface through which you are connected
to the device.
This may occur because the interface is configured with N.A.A.W. protocol (which
calculates the IP address starting from a MAC address), or because there is a duplication
of the IP address or simply because of an oversight on the part of the administrator.
If this is the case, because every interface is configured with a link-local type IP address
(169.254.0.0/16), N.A.A.W. provides a very simple solution

The procedure is as follows:

• configure the interface on the PC connected to NAAW with an address of the link­local type (e.g. 169.254.3.3/16))

• Open a terminal command

• ping address: 169,254,255,255:

o on Linux OS “ping-b 169 254 255 255”. All N.A.A.W. devices physically connected

to the interface, will answer. At this point it is sufficient to identify, by repeated
attempts if necessary, the unit in question by contacting it via the exposed link­local address.

o on Windows OS command “ping 169254255255” does not show responses by

individual N.A.A.W. and to view addresses that have responded, use the command
“arp-a”.

30

6. MATERIAL DISPOSAL

6.1 Toxic substances (RoHS Compatibility)

The components used in the manufacturing of the N.A.A.W. device comply with the
current regulations on protection of the environment. The assembly of components
made by the manufacturer does not introduce risk factors for the operator or the
environment. The device is not made with materials requiring sensitive handling such as
asbestos, PCB-PCT, phosphorus, cadmium, or halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine).

31

7. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE

The Naawigo Mini range of products complies with the legislation requirements of the
following countries, for which a request for release on their markets was granted:

AT DE GB IT NO

BE DK GR LT RO

CH EE HU LU SE

CY FI IE LV SI
CZ FR IS NL SK

7.1 Restrictions of use for specific countries

This product can be used in all EU countries (and any other country in which the
EU directive 1999/95/EC applies) with no restrictions, except for the countries
listed below:

BELGIUM: you must send notification to the Institute for Postal Services and

Telecommunications (BIPT) for each wireless device which covers more than 300 meters.
For more information please visit: http://www.bipt.be.

FRANCE: you must partially reduce the power output as per the table below when using
devices for outdoor use. For more information please visit: http://www.arcep.fr.

Table 1: Power applicable in France

ASSIGNED FREQUENCY (MHz) POWER EIRP

Indoor (no restrictions) 2400 - 2483.5 100 mW (20dBm)

Outdoor 2400 - 2454

2454 - 2483.5

100 mW (20dBm)
10 mW (10dBm)

ITALY: This product complies with the specifications of National and Radio Interface and
meets the requirements of the National Frequency Allocation Plan. However, if not
installed for private use, the use of 2.4 GHz Wireless LAN products requires a “General
Permission “. For more information see http http://www.comunicazioni.it.

32

7. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE

7.2 Restrictions of use of the device

This product has been designed to be used with integrated antenna and / or with
dedicated external antenna, if included in the package.
If external antennas, connected through a special cable guide, are used please note that
legislation stipulates the radiated power must not exceed 100 mW EIRP.

7.3 Power Output

In accordance with local regulations of the country where you install the NAAW, you
need to adjust the transmission power according to the approved limits.

33

7. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE

!!

!!!
!

"#$%&'(!)!*#+!,&--&-.!/0!)!/0012!3+45#6&!*#5+!7#8.9#!:;!!

(&9<!=>><!0//!1?<10</@0!)!>+'!0//!1?<10<A00!

BBB<B#6&'(<&C

!!$!#6>.DB#6&'(<&C

!

!

!

"#$%#&'&(#)*+!"#!$)*,)'-#.&/!$+!

!

"#$%#&'#&()!*)++)!,)*+'&!-*$./*#0&!'-*1),*&2#.#+&3!$%-!.3&11&'&+)!1-'!

+-.-$)(/,#$&4#),#!5/#!*)++)!"-*$'#++)6!

!

!
1')"/++)'-6! 012*345!678!
#,"#'#44)6! ! 078!9:;;:;<!=>!?!=>>@A!$8BC7D:!07C8!'7E<F7!+)!G!#H8F78!

+:F6!!>==I@JK@>K=L>! 98M6!!>==I@JK@>KN>>!

1')")++)6! ! *9&9&909!#:)!0;+<=!>!*??@1AB!-1C1!
9&(#O.#&6! ! *??@1AB!!!!
()"-..)6! !DEF!
(&'$&6! ! P7G,:MH!
9/,4#),-6!! &QQ8;8H<!7DR<<;!R7!;7C:H;8BS7BB7<D:!R8H7!#1!D:FF:!T8DR:!'.&,!:!%#1-'.&,U!

NULU!C<D!;7C:H;8BS:HH7H<;:!:!Q;<C:BB<;:!R7!C<DH;<FF<!
!
!
!

+/!$)*,)'-+!!

&GG&!"#'+..#H&!IJJJK<K$+!!

+"!&GG+!L+:M+*.#!*)'-+!&'-)*#((&.+N!

!
!
"7;:HH7E:!'8R7<6!
+*!=OO=DP!HI9Q9I!!V&;HK!W!Q8;8X;8Y<!NG!9ZD[7<D8F:!'8R7<\!!
$<SQ8H7T7F7H]!-F:HH;<S8XD:H7C86

!

+*!=OIFPJ>I!HI9P9I!!:!+*!=OIFPJ2IQ!!!HD9I9I!V&;HK!W!Q8;8X;8Y<!=U!F:HH:;8!T\!G!-($\!
*7CZ;:[[8!:F:HH;7C86

!

+*!ROJ<O2IN!DOOI!!V&;HK!W!Q8;8X;8Y<!=U!F:HH:;8!8\!G!*7CZ;:[[8!-F:HH;7C8\!

!
!
!

.Z<X<6!!!!'7E<F7!
"8H86!!!!(8;[<!N>=>!
97;S8!R:F!;:BQ<DB8T7F:6! ,7C<F8!":!$8;D:!

!!! !

8.4 Naawigo Mini