winbond W78C33 User Manual

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8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The W78C33 microcontroller supplies a wider frequency range than most 8-bit microcontrollers on
the market. It is functional compatible with the industry standard 80C32 microcontroller series except

the one extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port (Port 4) and two additional external interrupts (

INT3 ).

The W78C33 contains four 8-bit bidirectional parallel ports, three 16-bit timer/counters, and a serial
port. These peripherals are supported by a six-source, two-level interrupt capability. There are 256
bytes of RAM, and the device supports ROMless operation for application programs.

The W78C33 microcontroller has two power reduction modes, idle mode and power-down mode,
both of which are software selectable. The idle mode turns off the processor clock but allows for
continued peripheral operation. The power-down mode stops the crystal oscillator for minimum power
consumption. The external clock can be stopped at any time and in any state without affecting the
processor.

W78C33

,

FEATURES

• 8-bit CMOS microcontroller

• Fully static design

• Low standby current at full supply voltage

• DC-40 MHz operation

• 256 bytes of on-chip scratchpad RAM

• ROMless operation

• 64K bytes program memory address space

• 64K bytes data memory address space

• Four 8-bit bidirectional ports

• Three 16-bit timer/counters

• One full duplex serial port

• Boolean processor

• Eight-source, two-level interrupt capability

• Built-in power management

• One extra 4-bit bit-addressable I/O port

• Two additional external interrupts

• Packages:

− PLCC 44: W78C33P-16/24/40

− QFP 44: W78C33F-16/24/40

− TQFP 44: W78C33M-16/24/40

/ INT3

Publication Release Date: October 1997

- 1 - Revision A1

PIN CONFIGURATIONS

44-Pin PLCC (W78C33P)

P1.5
P1.6
P1.7

RST
RXD, P3.0
INT2, P4.3

TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3

T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5

P

P

1

1

.

.

3

4

6 5 4 3

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

17

P

P

3

3

.

.

7

6

,

,

/

/

R

W

D

R

T
2
E
X
,

P

P
1

1
.

.

2

1

X

X

T

T

A

A

L

L

1

2

/
I

A

N

T

D

T

2

0

3

,

,

,

P

P

P

1

V

0

4

.

C

.

.

0

C

0

2

2 1 44 43 42

V

P

P

P

S

2

2

4

S

.

.

.

1

0

0

,

,

A

A

9

8

W78C33

A

A

A

D

D

D

3

2

1

,

,

,

P

P

P

0

0

0

.

.

.

3

1

2

40

41

39

P0.4, AD4

38

P0.5, AD5

37

P0.6, AD6

36

P0.7, AD7

35

EA

34

P4.1

33

ALE

32

PSEN

31

P2.7, A15

30

P2.6, A14

29

P2.5, A13

2827262524232221201918

P

P

P

2

2

2

.

.

.

4

3

2

,

,

,

A

A

A

1

1

1

1

2

0

44-Pin QFP/TQFP (W78C33F/W78C33M)

1

P1.5

2

P1.6
P1.7

RST
RXD, P3.0
INT2, P4.3

TXD, P3.1
INT0, P3.2
INT1, P3.3

T0, P3.4
T1, P3.5

5
6
7
8
9
10

- 2 -

3
4

11

P
1
.
4

44

12

P
3
.
6
,
/
W
R

P

P

1

1

.

.

2

3

43 4241

X

P

T

3

A

.

L

7

2

,
/
R
D

/

T

I

2

N

T

E

T

2

X

3

,

,

,

P

P

P

1

1

V

4

.

.

C

.

0

1

C

2

403938 37 36 35

X

V

P

P

T

S

2

4

A

S

.

.

L

0

0

1

,
A
8

A

A

A

A

D

D

D

D

3

2

1

0

,

,

,

,

P

P

P

P

0

0

0

0

.

.

.

.

3

2

1

0

34

33

P0.4, AD4

32

P0.5, AD5

31

P0.6, AD6

30

P0.7, AD7

29

EA

28

P4.1

27

ALE

26

PSEN

25

P2.7, A15

24

P2.6, A14

23

P2.5, A13

22212019181716151413

P

P

P

P

2

2

2

2

.

.

.

.

4

3

2

1

,

,

,

,

A

A

A

A

1

1

9

1

1

2

0

W78C33

INT0

INT1

WR

RD

INT2

PIN DESCRIPTION

P0.0−P0.7

Port 0, Bits 0 through 7. Port 0 is a bidirectional I/O port. This port also provides a multiplexed low
order address/data bus during accesses to external memory.

P1.0−P1.7

Port 1, Bits 0 through 7. Port 1 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Pins P1.0 and P1.1
also serve as T2 (Timer 2 external input) and T2EX (Timer 2 capture/reload trigger), respectively.

P2.0−P2.7

Port 2, Bits 0 through 7. Port 2 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. This port also provides
the upper address bits for accesses to external memory.

P3.0−P3.7

Port 3, Bits 0 through 7. Port 3 is a bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. All bits have alternate
functions, which are described below:

PIN ALTERNATE FUNCTION

P3.0 RXD Serial Receive Data
P3.1 TXD Serial Transmit Data
P3.2

P3.3
P3.4 T0 Timer 0 Input

P3.5 T1 Timer 1 Input
P3.6

P3.7

External Interrupt 0
External Interrupt 1

Data Write Strobe

Data Read Strobe

P4.0−P4.3

Another bit-addressable bidirectional I/O port P4. P4.3 and P4.2 are alternative function pins. It can
be used as general I/O pins or external interrupt input sources (

/ INT3 ).

EA

External Address Input, active low. This pin forces the processor to execute out of external ROM.
This pin should be kept low for all W78C33 operations.

RST

Reset Input, active high. This pin resets the processor. It must be kept high for at least two machine
cycles in order to be recognized by the processor.

Publication Release Date: October 1997

- 3 - Revision A1

W78C33

PSEN

PSEN

ALE

Address Latch Enable Output, active high. ALE is used to enable the address latch that separates the
address from the data on Port 0. ALE runs at 1/6th of the oscillator frequency. A single ALE pulse is
skipped during external data memory accesses. ALE goes to a high state during reset with a weak
pull-up.

PSEN

Program Store Enable Output, active low.
address/data bus during fetch and MOVC operations.

weak pull-up.

XTAL1

Crystal 1. This is the crystal oscillator input. This pin may be driven by an external clock.

XTAL2

Crystal 2. This is the crystal oscillator output. It is the inversion of XTAL1.

VSS, VCC

Power Supplies. These are the chip ground and positive supplies.

enables the external ROM onto the Port 0

goes to a high state during reset with a

- 4 -

BLOCK DIAGRAM

W78C33

P1.0

~

P1.7

P3.0
~
P3.7

P4.0
~
P4.3

INT2

INT3

Port

1

Port

Port

Port 1
Latch

ACC

Interrupt

Timer

2

Timer

0

Timer

1

UART

3

4

Port 3
Latch

Port 4
Latch

XTAL1 PSENALE GNDVCCRSTXTAL2

Oscillator

PSW

Instruction

Decoder

&

Sequencer

Bus & Clock

Controller

ALU

T2T1

SFR RAM

Address

256 bytes

RAM & SFR

Reset Block

B

Stack

Pointer

Power control

Port 0
Latch

DPTR

Temp Reg.

PC

Incrementor

Addr. Reg.

Port 2

Latch

Port
0

Port
2

P0.0
~
P0.7

P2.0
~
P2.7

Publication Release Date: October 1997

- 5 - Revision A1

W78C33

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The W78C33 architecture consists of a core controller surrounded by various registers, four general
purpose I/O ports, 256 bytes of RAM, three timer/counters, and a serial port. The processor supports
111 different instruction and references both a 64K program address space and a 64K data storage
space.

Timers 0, 1, and 2

Timers 0, 1, and 2 each consist of two 8-bit data registers. These are called TL0 and TH0 for Timer 0,
TL1 and TH1 for Timer 1, and TL2 and TH2 for Timer 2. The TCON and TMOD registers provide
control functions for timers 0, 1. The T2CON register provides control functions for Timer 2. RCAP2H
and RCAP2L are used as reload/capture registers for Timer 2.

The operations of Timer 0 and Timer 1 are the same as in the W78C31. Timer 2 is a special feature
of the W78C33: it is a 16-bit timer/counter that is configured and controlled by the T2CON register.
Like Timers 0 and 1, Timer 2 can operate as either an external event counter or as an internal timer,
depending on the setting of bit C/T2 in T2CON. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto­reload, and baud rate generator. The clock speed at capture or auto-reload mode is the same as that
of Timers 0 and 1.

Clock

The W78C33 is designed to be used with either a crystal oscillator or an external clock. Internally, the
clock is divided by two before it is used. This makes the W78C33 relatively insensitive to duty cycle
variations in the clock.

Crystal Oscillator

The W78C33 incorporates a built-in crystal oscillator. To make the oscillator work, a crystal must be
connected across pins XTAL1 and XTAL2. In addition, a load capacitor must be connected from each
pin to ground, and a resistor must also be connected from XTAL1 to XTAL2 to provide a DC bias
when the crystal frequency is above 24 MHz.

External Clock

An external clock should be connected to pin XTAL1. Pin XTAL2 should be left unconnected. The
XTAL1 input is a CMOS-type input, as required by the crystal oscillator. As a result, the external clock
signal should have an input one level of greater than 3.5 volts.

Power Management

Idle Mode

The idle mode is entered by setting the IDL bit in the PCON register. In the idle mode, the internal
clock to the processor is stopped. The peripherals and the interrupt logic continue to be clocked. The
processor will exit idle mode when either an interrupt or a reset occurs.

Power-down Mode

When the PD bit of the PCON register is set, the processor enters the power-down mode. In this
mode all of the clocks, including the oscillator are stopped. The only way to exit power-down mode is
by a reset.

- 6 -