The WD1036S-WX2 is a single board streaming tape
controller for
puters. This controller supports one 1/4" cartridge
tape drive with
for
Quarter-Inch Compatibility).
The two utilities TBACKUP and
with the controller enable file backup
Winchester to tape and vice versa
bus. These utilities require a minimum
memory, but achieve a higher performance with
256KB
or more. The memory size determines the
imum number
a single command during backup and restore
tions. The command set also allows searching
records
The recording format conforms to the
dard. The WD1036S-WX2 performs read-after-write
verification and rewrites the data block, as required,
in case
a record for read errors. A 16-bit cyclical redundancy
check
WD1036S-WX2
rewrite data up
Application software is supplied which emulates
selective file backup and restore functions provided
by
IBM
on
of
an
(CRG)
PC
PCIXT/AT
ONE
1/4"
IBM
PC/ATIXT
OIC-36
of
blocks that can
tape.
error. Similarly, it repositions and rereads
ensures detection
automatically attempts
to
16
DOS
2.0.
FORM
FACTOR
BASIC
TAPE
and compatible com-
interface.
times on errors.
(OIC
TRESTORE
and
on
the
be
of
DRIVE
(OIC-36)
is
an
acronym
provided
restore from
IBM
system
of
128KB
opera-
OIC-24
error. The
to
reread or
max-
stan-
transferred by
an
of
of
•
EXTENSIVE
MATIC
• DMA TRANSFER CAPABILITY
SUPPORTS
•
• APPLICATION SOFTWARE
PC
DOS
RESTORE
• FILE-BY-FILE
HARDWARE
The
WD1036S-WX2
ReadlWrite Formatter device. There are three support
modules
bus Signals, decodes and translates Host bus commands into board control Signals, and builds
WD24C02
drive data into clocks and read data and provides
signals that indicate tape data gap times. The last
module is responsible for the drive status and
trol. Figure 1 is a hardware block diagram
WD1036S-WX2.
The
PC
transceivers, address decoding circuitry, control
signal receivers, and the
WD1100-18
generates control
WD1100-18
between the Host and
The Data Separation module uses a phase lock loop
that tracks incoming data pulses, generates a
clock and
The Drive Control and Status module contains a set
of
registers that are loaded via Host bus commands.
These registers transmit control bits
through high current drivers. This module also buffers status lines from the drive. Issuing a
command to the
information including the cartridge-in status unto the
Host bus.
ERROR
RETRIES
90
2.0
COMMANDS
ARCHITECTURE
to
the
WD24C02.
commands. Another module separates the
interface and Buffer module contains bus
translates Host bus commands and
also serves as a two byte DMA buffer
read
data.
RECOVERY
IPS
STREAMING OPERATION
TO
EMULATE IBM'S BACKUP/
BACKUP/RESTORE CAPABILITY
is based on the WD24C02
One module buffers Host
WD1100-18
Signals for the WD24C02. The
WD24C02.
WD1036S-WX2
WITH
TO
RUN
UNDER IBM
gate array. The
to
the drive
Read
places the status
AUTO-
con-
of
the
read
Status
><
N
Tape
Drive Controller Products
7-35
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
The
two
TRESTORE
version
2.0
stand·alone
are designed to
or later. These utilities will operate with
utilities
run
TBACKUP and
under IBM
PC
DOS
a 128KB memory system. But a higher performance
is achieved with 256KB or
Figure 2
and
illustrates the architecture of the TBACKUP
TRESTORE
programs. The Application Level is
written to interface with a common
Core.
The
Core is a high level interface between the
larger memory systems.
module called
application code and the Tape Access Module. The
isolates the application program from the low
Core
level
operations
of
tape positioning, tape drive inter·
face timing characteristics, and data formatting con·
siderations. Thus,
by
not dealing with these low level operations.
The Core
an
application program is simplified
module contains two functional com·
ponents, a Command Processor and a Buffer
Manager. These components
machines that differ from the
are
compatible with
IBM
PC.
Compatibility
is achieved by coding these functions in C and per·
forming no hardware or operating system dependent
operations in the Core.
Application
The
level
module
uses
the high
level
com·
mand set described in the section titled Software
Commands.
....-----TBACKUP
and
standard module
"Core"
TRESTORE
utilities
APPLICATION
LEVEL
COMMAND
PROCESSOR
TAPE
ACCESS
MODULE
BUFFER
MANAGER
I
DISK
ACCESS
MODULE
DOS calls
Direct
DMA transfer to
WD1036S-WX2
FIGURE 2.
WD1036S-WX2 SOFTWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM
------,
1/0
)
)
or
I
B
M
B
U
S
NJ.3
....
7 JUMPER
A8-9
AEN
JJUMPER
DRC'·3
-"
lOR.
lOW.
CLOCK.
IIOCHRDV
1002·7
JJUMPER
PC
I
ltr
_MIClocK
RESET
BUSOIR
BOARD
SELECT
'-
.------.
RESET
DR
ALE
INT I
INTERFACE
AND
BUFFER
MODULE
11()().18
'---
DAO-7
WE.
CLOCKOUT
MRI
ALE I
INTI
jJ
I
I
RE
I
I
:1
11
i
I
I
I
..l
-,
-
WD.
J..
2.co2
ERS.
RD.
...!!!!.-
'---
L
RCLK. WCLK
i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I -
I
I
I
I
!
I
I
I
!
I
Figure 1. WD1036S-WX2 HARDWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM
SEP
DATA
MODULE
RGAP
SEPARATION
'-1'"
I
I
II
"
f
..;\.
I
I
I
:
I
I
I
I
i
INTOO-6
I
MOCLOCKrt:
l
INTDO-7
STATUSEN
DRIVE
RESET
-"
CONTROL
'5'"CR
v T I
E R S
o T
LE
_-v.
E R S
1
T
U
S
T
GO.
WEN
TCH.
AND
TR0.3.
REV.
HC.
THO.
UTH.
STATUS
DSO.
LTH.
HSO.
SlD.
RST
WOA.
EEN
WEN
USF.
MODULE
T
A
p
E
o
R
I
V
E
RDP
C'N
7-36
Tape
Drive Controller Products
SPECIFICATIONS
HOST INTERFACE
Type
Cable length
Addressing
Interrupt Channel
DMA Channel Request
Memory Requirements
DRIVE INTERFACE
Type
Cable length
Cable connector
Termination
Recording method
CRG
polynomial
Cartridge Capacity
Tape speed
DATA SEPARATOR
Acquisition time
Capture range
Bit
jitter
Asymmetry tolerance
tolerance
IBM PC/AT, PC/XT
Connects directly to the Host mother board with a
62-Pin
WRITE I The Host or DMA controller asserts lOW when a
110
READ I
DMA
ACKNOWLEDGE DRQ3 sent by the WD1036S-WX2. DACK1, 2 and
CHANNEL 3
REQUEST 0
CHANNEL 3 troller that data is available for transfer in either direc-
DMA
ACKNOWLEDGE
CHANNEL 1
DMA REQUEST
CHANNEL 1
NOT CONNECTED
SYSTEM CLOCK
REQUEST upon the completion
LEVEL?
REQUEST
LEVEL 6 is jumper selectable.
INTERRUPT
REQUEST
LEVEL 5 is jumper selectable.
REQUEST
LEVEL 4 is jumper selectable.
INTERRUPT
REQUEST
LEVEL 3 is jumper selectable.
DMA I The DMA controller asserts DACK2 in response
ACKNOWLEDGE
CHANNEL 2
NOT CONNECTED
+5VOLTS
NOT CONNECTED
1/0
or
data
WD1036S-WX2.
The Host
data
WD1036S-WX2.
The DMA Controller asserts DACK3 in response
I
are jumper
WD1036S-WX2
tion. DRQ1,2 and 3 are jumper
The DMA controller asserts DACK1 in response
I
DRQ1
are jumper
WD1036S-WX2 asserts
0
troller that data is available for transfer in either direc·
tion.
System clock with a period of
I
cycle.
The
0
is jumper selectable.
The
upon the completion
The
0
upon the completion
The
0
upon the completion
The
0
upon the completion
DRQ1
are jumper
control byte is
or
or
status byte is
selectable.
sent by the WD1036S-WX2. DACK1,2 and
selectable.
DRQ1,
WD1036S-WX2
WD1036S-WX2
WD1036S-WX2
WD1036S-WX2
WD1036S-WX2
sent by the WD1036S-WX2. DACK1, 2 and
selectable.
FUNCTION
to
be written
DMA controller asserts lOR when a
to
asserts
DRQ3
to
DRQ1
to
2 and 3 are jumper selectable.
210
asserts
IRQ?
of
a block. IRQ2 through IRQ?
asserts
IRQ6
of
a block. IRQ2 through IRQ?
asserts
IRQ5
of
a block. IRQ2 through IRQ?
asserts
IRQ4
of
a block. IRQ2 through IRQ?
asserts
IRQ3
of
a block. IRQ2 through IRQ?
-
be read from the
inform the DMA Con-
selectable.
inform the DMA con-
nsec and 33% duty
to
interrupt the Host
to
interrupt the Host
to
interrupt the Host
to interrupt the Host
to interrupt the Host
to
the
to
"3
to
"3
to
"3
7-40
Tape
Drive Control/er Products
TABLE
2.
DRIVE
CONNECTOR (J1)
PIN
DESCRIPTION
SIG.
GND.
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
SIG. MNEMONIC SIGNAL
PIN
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
GO
REV
TR3
TR2
TR1
TRO
RST
DSO
HC
RDP
UTH
LTH
NAME
GO
REVERSE
TRACK
SELECT 3
TRACK
SELECT 2
TRACK
SELECT 1
TRACK
SELECT
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
0
DRiVE
SELECT 0
HiGH
CURRENT
UPPER
TAPE
POSITION
HOLE
LOWER
POSITION
HOLE
TAPE
110
FUNCTION
o Assertion starts tape motion. The state
determines the direction
o Assertion causes the tape drive
reverse
direction. De-assertion causes the tape drive
to move tape
WX2
o Track Select bit
coded track number used by the drive to select a
designated track.
o Track Select bit
coded track number used by the drive to select a
designated track.
o Track Select bit
coded track number used by the drive to select a
designated track.
o Track Select bit
coded track number used by the drive to select a
designated track.
o
RST
initialization routine and recalibration
to its reference position.
o When asserted
operations to proceed.
of
control signals:
drive acknowledges receipt of
SLD.
in
must assert
the forward direction. The
3.
2.
1.
o.
is a minimum pulse of
DSO
of
tape motion.
to
move tape
GO
to enable
TR3
through
(MSB).
TR3
through
TR3
through
TR3
through
(LSB).
permits basic tape drive
DSO
RDP
CIN
REV.
TRO
is the binary
TRO
is the binary
TRO
is the binary
TRO
is the binary
13
usec. It starts the
enables the transfer
USF
TCH
DSO
by sending
o When asserted, enables operation with
tape cartridges. Refer
Unrecorded Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Informa·
tion Interchange,
flux-reversals per inch
I Serial-bit data
RDP
and
DSO
I
UTH
and
with tape position as follows:
I
UTH
1
o
1
o
The Recording Zone is between the Load Point and
the Early Warning hole
detected since the last cartridge insertion
If
that is not the case 0 0 means the tape position
is not known.
read
when data passes the read head
is asserted.
LTH
encode information having to do
LTH
1
1
o
o
to
ANSC Project
0.250
inch
(6.30mm)6400-10000
(252-394
from tape to the
MEANING
Beginning
End
Warning Zone
Recording Zone
of
if
of
Tape
BOT
frpmm).
WD10368-WX2.
Tape
or
EOT
of
REV
in
WD1036S-
of
the head
EEN.
DC
has been
(CIN).
the
The
600A
671
Tape
Drive Controller Products
7-41
:E
c
.....
o
w
en
en
:e
><
N
SIG.
GND •
31
33
35
37
39
41
43 44
45
47 48
49
TABLE
SIG.
PIN
32
34
36
38
40
42
46
50
MNEMONIC
SLD DRIVE
CIN CARTRIDGE
USF
TCH
WDA-
WDA+
THD THRESHOLD
HSD
--
WEN WRITE
EEN
2.
DRIVE
CONNECTOR
SIGNAL
NAME
SELECTED
IN
UNSAFE
TACH
PULSE
WRITE
DATA-
WRITE
DATA+
HIGH SPEED
ENABLE
--
ERASE
ENABLE
(J1)
PIN
DESCRIPTION
I/O
Tape drive acknowledgment
I
of
receipt
of
CIN is asserted when a tape cartridge is
I
and the WD1036S-WX2 asserts
The drive asserts USF when the File Protect Plug
I
is not in the safe position on the cartridge and the
WD1036S-WX2 asserts DSO. This state permits
data
to
be written and erased.
TCH is present while tape is moving.
I
at or used by the WD1036S-WX2.
Data
to
0
is asserted. System is optimized to record
at a nominal density
The inverse
0
Sets a percentage-qualifying voltage threshold for
0
from tape.
Asserted
0
Western Digital always asserts
When asserted, enables drive
0
Tape is erased the full width
0
WD1036S-WX2 asserts
be written on tape, enabled while WEN
Read
Data. Eliminates data
=
FUNCTION
to
the
DSO.
of
of
WDA-
9O-ips
tape speed. Utilities supplied by
the WD1036S-WX2
DSO
It is not looked
10,000 frpi.
of
marginal quality read
HSD.
to
write data.
of
DSO
the tape when the
and EEN.
and GO.
in...Qlace
GCR
data
COMMAND
The commands associated with the WD1036S-WX2
fall into one
those low level commands that communicate directly
with
WD1100-18 and WD24C02, and high level software
commands, those commands within the application
level module that interface between the application
program and Core.
SUMMARY
of
two
categories. Hardware commands,
the WD1036S-WX2 and are implemented by the
7-42
HARDWARE
There are a total
WD1036S-WX2.
responsibility
by the WD24C02. The
teen
address is jumper selectable at the time
tion
to
through
Following is a brief summary
mands. For a more indepth description, refer
OEM manual, DOC. number 79-000037.
COMMANDS
of
16
commands recognized by the
Ten
of
of
1/0
addresses, 0 through F Hex. The base
start at one
3FO
Hex.
these commands are the direct
the
WD1100-18
of
sixteen locations from 300 Hex
Tape
and six are performed
WD1036S-WX2 occupies six-
of
the hardware com-
Drive Controller Products
of
installa-
to
the
TABLE
3.
HARDWARE
COMMAND
SUMMARY
OFFSET
0
4
8 lOR
C lOR
F
0 lOW
4
8
C lOW
F
1/0
lOR
lOR
lOR
lOW
lOW
lOW
COMMAND
READ STATUS
DMA PIPELINE
START
CONTROLLER
READ WD24C02 STATUS Returns
REGISTER
READ BLOCK ADDRESS
SET
CONTROL
SET DRIVE CONTROL
REGISTER 0
SET DRIVE CONTROL
REGISTER 1
LOAD
COMMAND
WRITE BLOCK ADDRESS
REGISTER
NAME
RESET
FLlp·FLOPS
REGISTER
DESCRIPTION
Returns a status byte representing the state
signals:
= SLD
Bit 7 = RGAP
Bit 6 = TCH
Bit 5 = USF
Bit 4 = CIN
Two
ORO
data bytes into a DMA buffer in the
command can now be started.
Resets all
registers and de-asserts MR
Bit 7 = CBK
Bit
Bit 3
Returns
read.
consecutive
The MSB is returned first.
This command establishes the state
Repeat Flip/Flops.
Bit
Bit 1
Bit 2
Drive Control Register 0 controls the following signals:
Bit 7 not used
Bit 6 =
Bit 5
Bit 4 = Erase Enable Bit 0 = Go
Drive Control Register 1 controls the following signals:
Bit 7 not used
Bit 6 = Reset Drive
Bit 5
Bit 4 = High Current
A byte\representing one
ten into the Command Register in the WD24C02.
Bit 7
Bit 6 = Write File Mark
Bit
Bit 3
The Block Address Register is four bytes in length, therefore
this command must be issued consecutively
MSB is written first.
DACK handshakes
WD1100-18
to
the Host the state
6-4
not used
=
RGP
to
the Host the block address
The block address is four bytes in length. Therefore, four
Read
Block Address commands must be issued.
0 = Set DMA Enable
= Set Repeat Write Data Command.
= Reset Repeat F
Read
Gate Enable
= Write Enable
= High Speed
= Abort
5,
4 not used
= Write Gap
Bit 3
=
Bit 2
Bit 1 =
Bit 0 = INT
are
completed. This writes two
WD11DO-18.
internal logic, both Drive Control
to
the WD24C02.
of
the following signals:
= FMD
Bit 2
= WGP
Bit 1
Bit 0 =
/F
= Drive Select
Bit 3
= Threshold
Bit 2
= Reverse
Bit 1
= Track Select 3
Bit 3
Bit 2 = Track Select 2
Bit 1 = Track Select 1
0 = Track Select 0
Bit
of
six possible commands is writ·
Bit 2 =
= Write Data
Bit 1
0 =
Bit
of
the following
LTH
UTH
A Write Tape
CER
of
the
last data block
of
the DMA enable and
Read
Scan
Read
Data
four
times. The
==
C
.....
o
w
en
><
N
Tape
Drive Control/er Products
7-43
SOFTWARE COMMANDS
Module
Access
Buffer
Following
Core
refer
Command Format
can
be divided
commands,
Manager
command
to
the
commands
is
a brief
set.
OEM manual, DOC.
Disk
summary
For
into
Access
and
a more
four
categories: Tape
commands,
Mode
commands.
of
the
Application-to-
indepth
description,
number
Host
79-000037.
Status
Format The commands that comprise the Application-to-Core
Returned upon
OP.CODE
STATUS 2
STATUS 3
completion
I
of a command
STATUS
BYTE 1 - 2
BYTE 3 - 4
BYTE 5 - 6
OP. CODE
PARAMETER 2
PARAMETER 3
COMMAND
Tape Commands
Retension
Read Tape
Write
Tape
Find Tape
Stop
Disk Commands
Set
Read
Write
Tape
Disk
Disk
Disk
Block
Mode
I
OPTION
OP
CODE
01
02
03 00
04 00
05 00
06 00
07 00
08 00
TABLE
00 Do
01
Erase
Start
00
01
Start reading
Command
Start
01
Start
Find
01
Find
02
Find
Find
03
04 Find
No
Disk
01
File Image
No
No
BYTE 1 - 2
BYTE 3 - 4
BYTE 5 - 6
4_
SOFTWARE COMMAND SUMMARY
OPTION
not
erase
reading
writing
writing
Data
Control
File
Block
beginning
options
Image
Options
Options
at
following
or
found
at
at
Block
Block
Mark
Address
the
the
beginning
the
end
"n".
"n".
Block
of
track
beginning
the
last
with
a Find
of
recorded data.
"n".
"addr".
"n".
of
of
the
tape.
block
read
Command
the
present track.
by
a Read
PARAMETERS
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Parm 2
n =
Parm 2
=
n
= Parm 2
n
addr
= Parm
2 and 3
Parm 2
n
=
--
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
7-44
Tape
Drive Controller Products
TABLE
4.
SOFTWARE
COMMAND
SUMMARY
(cant)
COMMAND
Host Buffer Commands
Read
Buffer
Write Buffer
Mode
Commands
Write
Configuration
Read
Configuration
Initialize
OP
CODE
09
OA
OB
OC
00
OE
OPTION
Read
00
01
02
03
04
05
06 Skip
00 Write a data block --
01
02
Reserved
00
01
02
03
04
OE
OF
10
11
12
13
00
01
02
03
04
00
OF
10
11
12
13
00 All (options
01
02
03
04
05
previous page
Read
current page
Read
next page --
Skip one page
Skip
to
next data block -
Skip
to
next control block --
to
next File Mark --
Write a control block -
Write a File Mark block --
Miscellaneous Status. Data to
Maximum number
Number of pages in buffer.
Seg.
of buffers' first page
Offset of first page.
Write
CRC
Pointer to local buffer.
Pointer to word containing expected tape block
address
Pointer to word containing last tape block
address.
Pointer to word containing current tape track.
Reposition counter.
Miscellaneous Status. Data
Maximum number of tracks.
Number of pages in buffer.
Seg.
of buffers' first page
Offset of first page.
Read
CRC
Pointer to local buffer.
Pointer to word containing expected tape
block address
Pointer to word containing last tape block address.
Pointer to word containing current tape track.
Reposition counter.
Tape portion
Core variables
Buffer Manager
Cartridge status
Controller reset
of
tracks.
error counter.
error counter.
01 -05)
PARAMETERS
--
--
--
Parm
read
be
2
in
in
returned
-
-
written
is
Stat 2
Tape
Drive Controller Products
7-45
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