Westermo U100 User Manual

OnTime Industrial Networks

100 Series Installati on Guide

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1. Introd uc tion To OnTime Ne tworks

1.1. History Of Ethernet

1.2. Industrial Ethernet Market

1.3. Switches vs. Hubs

1.3.1. Switch Operation. MAC Address Learning

1.4. Twisted Pair P ort S pecification

1.4.1. MDX/MDIX Technol ogy , Crossed / S traight Cables

1.4.2. Auto-Negotiation Protocol & Manual Configuration

1.5. Fibre Optic Port Specification

1.5.1. Fibre Optic Care

2. Switch Specifications

2.1. Power Supply Specif ic ation

2.2. Power Supply Connections

3. Techni cal Specification

3.1. Returns Procedure

3.2. Physical Specification

Index

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Section 1

Introd uc tion to OnTim e

Company History

OnTime is dedicated to the implementation of industrial and deterministic Ethernet
infrastruc ture. OnTime Networks is a priv ately hel d company based in Norway and S weden.
We work cl osely with a number of large aut omation compani es; enhancing older proprietary
networks and working in partnership developing new network technology.

Mission Statement
OnTime's mission is to provide an extension of Ethernet to the factory floor by offering

Ethernet products that fulfill industrial and real time requirements.

Core Tech nology

OnTime's Ether net switches are based on a robust and r eliable i ndustr ial design for maximum
life cycle and minimum life time costs. Real time properties are implemented in order to
achieve determinism for real time criti cal applications.

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Section 1.1

History of Ethern et

In late 1972, Metcalfe and his Xerox PARC colleagues developed the first experimental
Ethernet system to interconnect the Xerox Alto, a per sonal workstation with a graphi cal user
interface. The experimental Ethernet network was used to link Altos to each other, an d to
servers and laser pri nters.

The signal cl ock for the experiment al Ethernet interf ace was deriv ed from the Alto's sy stem
clock, which resul ted in a data transmission rate on the experimental Ether net of 2.94 Mbps.

Robert Metcalfe's first experiment al network was called the Alto Aloha Network.
In 1973, Robert Metcalf e changed the name t o "Ethernet," to mak e it clear that the system

could support any t ype of computer; not just the Xerox Altos and to poi nt out that his ne w
network mechanisms had ev olv ed well beyond the Aloha system. He chose to base t he name
on the word "et her" as a way of describing an essent ial feature of the system: the physi cal
medium (i. e., a cable) carries bits to all stations, much the same way that the old "l umi niferous
ether" was once t hought t o propagate el ectrom agnetic wav es through spac e. Thus, Et hernet
was born.”

``The diagram ... was dr awn by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe in 1976 to present Ethernet ... to the
National Computer Confer ence in June of that year. On t he draw ing are the or iginal t erm s for
describing Ethernet. Since then other terms have come into usage among Ethernet
enthusiasts.''

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Section 1.2

Industrial Ethernet – What Are The Differences?

Within the UK Market, and possibly the majority of Europe, Ethernet is moving into the
Automation Industry. Manufacturers are exporting their legacy protocols onto Ethernet,
designing new IP based communication protocols and providing embedded Web-Pages
within PLCs to provide real-time information using simple tools like Internet Explorer and
Netscape.

However, the domain of Ethernet has always been controlled by the IT department who
configured office networks normally with an iron fist and dictated to the company how the
network would be de signed with c om plex recover y prot ocol s li ke spanning t ree a nd SNM P to
help with f ault fi nding and system analysis. If a network failure occurred t he IT department
would casuall y look at repairi ng the equipment - there was no real r ush as it was an office
network. Howev er, with Industrial Ethernet you need very fast repai r time, and, with an IT
department not present on the factory floor the maintenance personnel need to be made
aware of the fault, find the error and repair it - quickly.

Industrial rated Switches are intended to be installed in harsh conditions and electrical
environments with the added benefit of fast recovery of a network failure. The On-Time
switches are an excellent example of how such Switches should be designed – very high
operating temperatures, fast r epair of redundant ring, layer 2 and layer 3 priority switching etc.
Without doubt, On-Time switches ar e technically superior to many similar m odels available on
the market.

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Section 1.3

Switches vs. Hub s

A hub consists of a number of ports normall y with either RJ-45 ( copper) socket s and / or fi bre
optic ports that have a number of different st yl es of fibre optic sockets. Usuall y a ‘patch cable’
is connected to the hub; the other end is normally connected to a device (PC, Printer etc).

Note: It should be noted that when a hub requires an ‘up-link’ connection to a further
hub a cross-over styl e cabl e is req ui red.

A hub has no intelligence and therefore is unable to identify addresses or any information
contained wit hin the Header fr ame of an Ether net packet. This m eans that it i s not capabl e of
determining whic h por t to send the frame to. Therefor e, every frame is sent to every port.

Note: Industrial hubs can only connect to equipment that operat es at the same speed .

A network of repeaters and hub s is called a ‘Shared Ether net’ or ‘Collision Domai n’. Various
systems will all compete with each other using ‘Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision
Detect’ (CSMA/CD) pr otocol. This means that onl y one system is allowed to proceed wi th
a transmission of a frame within a Collision Domain at any one time. This is a major
disadvantage when usi ng Hubs and Repeaters within a network.

If a hub sees a collision on a cable segment, it is detected and a ‘jam’ signal is generated.
The ‘jam’ signal is sent to all connected dev ices. This ensures t hat every devic e is aware of
the collision and t hey do not attempt to transmit duri ng the collision.

All Ports Receiv e the Sam e Ether net Frame

To summarise, hubs operate with the following limitations:

• Only a single speed of oper ation – no abilit y to automati cally c hange between 10M or

100M.

• Only one system is allowed to proceed with a transmission of a frame within a

Collision Dom ain at any one time.

• Hubs require special ‘cr ossed’ cabl es to enabl es l i nks f rom Hub t o Hub. (I f no up-l i nk

port is present)

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Section 1.3.1

Switch Ope r a tion

Introduction

A switch has to forward and receive packets from one LAN or device to another. The switch
could forward all pac k ets, but if this was the case it would have similar behav ior to a hub.

It would be more int elligent if the switch only forwarded packets which need to travel from one
LAN or device to another. To do t his, the switch must learn which devices or LANs are
connected to each port. In simplistic terms; it needs to learn the destination and source ports
of each and every packet r ec eiv ed on eac h individual Switch port. O nc e lear nt, any identically
addressed packet will be automatically be f or warded.

Error Detection

The switch stores ev ery incoming packet and scans thi s for error s, usually by checki ng the
frame CRC (cyclic redundancy check sum). If any errors are found or det ected the packet i s
discarded. In addition each frame is checked for size. Undersized packets (less than 64
Bytes) and over si z ed pac k ets (more than 1518 bytes)* are also discarded.
Once these basic checks have been carried out the switch can then start learning packet
source and destinat ion informati on.

Note: When implementin g Packet P rio rity this increases to 1522 or 1536 Bytes.

Flooding

The switch needs to make a decisi on r egar ding which port(s) t he pac ket is to be forwarded to.
This decisi on is based upon the MAC tables that are mai ntained and updated automatic ally
by the Switch. The process is kno wn as Layer 2 Swit c hing.
When first powered on the MAC tables within the Switch are empty. When a packet is
received on a port the S witch doe s not kno w where th e desti nation MA C address is l ocated.
The Switch learns the address by ‘flooding’ the packet out to all ports. Eventually, the
destination node r esponds, the address i s located and the S witch remembers the desti nation
port. In simpli stic terms; when a Switch receiv es a packet on a port it stores the source M AC
address in the MAC table that corresponds to that Port. The flooding technique is always
used with Broadcast and Multicast packets. If the switch is equipped with multicast
management then multicast packets will not be fl ooded.

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Section 1.3.1

Switch Ope r a tion (Cont ..)

MAC Table

A MAC table c an hol d up to 8000 ent ri es; and wit h a tot al packet memor y of ov er 1MB thi s is
adequate for nor mal networks. Natural ly, devi ces will be disconnected f rom Ports duri ng the
life of a net work. If t he MAC tabl e did not aut omati cally m onitor for i dle nodes the t abl e would
become full. If a node has been i dle for m ore than a few seconds the source and de stinati on
informati on for that node will be deleted f rom t he table. Thi s is comm only known as the ‘age
time’. To reset the table power cycle the Switch.MAC table size is normally always large
enough for industrial networks. Packet m em or y si ze on the other hand can affect performance
and ability to handl e short high load/overload situations when an event occurs in a control
network or similar industr ial network.

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Section 1.3.1

Switch Ope r a tion (Cont ..)

Full Wire Speed

The Switch supports f ull wire speed. This equates to 100M bit/s full duplex on ev ery port. In
detail 100Mbit/s in each direction on all port s equal s 200Mbit/s per port.

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Section 1.4

Twisted Pair Port Specification

Introduction

The 200 Series Swit c h is available with up to eight copper ports. The copper ports support the
long cable specif ication t hat enables standard CAT 5e copper cables to run up t o 150 Meter s
when used with dev ices that also support this specificati on. This highlights the enhanced

design specification the switch employs wh en used in noisy electrical environments.
In industrial networks long cables should be avoided but equipment specified
according to long cable specification gives more margi ns for disturbances.

MDX/MDIX

There are two types of copper Ethernet por ts available; MDI (Medium Dependant Interface)
and MDIX (Medi um Dependant I nterf ace Cr ossov er ). The MDI port ty pes are a ssoci ated wit h
copper interf aces available on NICs (Network Int erface Cards), PLCs, VSDs and DCSs etc.
The latter type of int erface (MDIX) is found on Hubs or Switches.
In addition t here are two types of Ethernet c able available. These are refer r ed to as a ‘straight
through cable’ or ‘crossed cable’.

STRAIGHT CONNECTION –Switch-PLC, Hub-PLC, Switch-NIC etc.

Connector A Connector B

Pair 1 pin 4 <-------> Pin 4

pin 5 <-------> Pin 5

Pair 2 TD + pin 3 <-------> Pin 3 TD +

TD - pin 6 <-------> Pin 6 TD -

Pair 3 RD + pin 1 <-------> Pin 1 RD +

RD - pin 2 <-------> Pin 2 RD -

Pair 4 pin 7 <-------> Pin 7

pin 8 <-------> Pin 8

CROSSED CONNECTION – Switch-Switch, Hub-Hub, Switch-Hub etc.

Connector A Connector B

Pair 1 pin 4 <-------> Pin 7

pin 5 <-------> Pin 8

Pair 2 TD + pin 3 <-------> Pin 1 RD +

TD - pin 6 <-------> Pin 2 RD -

Pair 3 RD + pin 1 <-------> Pin 3 TD +

RD - pin 2 <-------> Pin 6 TD -

Pair 4 pin 7 <-------> Pin 4

pin 8 <-------> Pin 5

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Section 1.4 (Cont)

Twisted Pair Port Specification

Auto MDX/MDIX

The complete range of OnTime Switches automatically detects the transmit and receive
copper pairs used i n a patch c able. This elimi nates t he need to source t he t wo types of patch
cable (crossed and straight through) highlighted above and therefore reduces the cost of
carrying two types of spares. This feature cannot be deactivated.

Electrical Isolation

The copper (TX) port s incorporate high electrical isolat ion between the signal lines and the
internal electr onics. In addi tion, the switch can al so wit hstand ov er 500 Amps through the
shield for short periods of time (20-30m S) without eff ecting the operati on and communic ation
of the Switch. However, thi s is not advisable. Fibre optical cables should be used in such
environment s. E ac h TX port is isolated to chassis and ot her ports. Isolation is rated 1500Vrm s
(1 minute).

Auto-Negotiation

Auto-Negoti ation is a protocol that controls the speed and duplex of a copper cable when a
connection is established between t wo E thernet devi c es. Auto- Negotiation det ec ts the various
modes that ex i st i n the devi ce on t he other end of t he cabl e and hi ghl ight s it s own abi l ities to
automatically configure itself. Therefore, it will automatically operate at the highest
performanc e i n rel ation t o speed and duplex . Thi s all ows simpl e and aut om atic connect ion of
devices that support a variety of modes f r om a variety of manufac turers. The auto-negotiation
protocol only functions on copper ports.

As standard the range of OnTime Switches are shipped with the Auto-Negotiation feature
enabled. However, if required a manual configuration process is possible using the
push buttons. These are lo cat ed on th e f ron t panel of the Switch.

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Section 1.4 (Cont)

Twisted Pair Port Specification

Manual Configuration

The front panel LEDs prov ides indication on t he Status of each port. In additi on, each port can
be manually c onfigured for speed, dupl ex and auto-negotiati on using the push button pa nel
located on the front of the Switch.

Normal Indic a tion Mode

When the unit is first powered on the Swit ch front panel will operate in normal m ode. In this
condition the port LED will indicate link and tr aff ic status.

Select Port Mode

The front panel will enter Selec t Port Mode when the Sel ect Port button i s pressed. Pressi ng
the Select Port button once will illuminate Port 1 LED – manual control of this port is now
available. Pressing the Sel ect Port button a second ti me will illumi nate Port 2 LED – manual
control of thi s port is now available. Each additional port can be placed i nto Manual mode by
subsequent pressing of the Select Port button.

If no buttons are pressed for 30 seconds the unit will return to Normal Mode.

Speed Button

Pressing the Speed Butt on once selects 10M, twic e enables 100M and three enables a uto­negotiation mode.

Duplex Button

Pressing the Duplex Button changes the Port dupl ex mode from full dupl ex to half duplex or
vice versa.

Save Button

Newly configured settings are stored in non-volatile memory when the Save Button is
pressed.

Note: Manual configuration of fibre ports is not possible.

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Section 1.5

Fibre Optic Port Sp ecification

Fibre Optic Communications

The fibre optic (FX) ports are available with either multi-mode or single mode fibre
transceivers. Multi-mode transceiv ers are available with MTRJ, SC or ST style connectors.
Single mode transceivers are only avail able with LC style connectors.

Transceiver Type Light Waveleng th Fibre Diameter Maximum Distance

Multi Mode 2KM

Single Mode 15KM

1300 nM 50/125 uM or

62.5/125uM

1300 nM 9/125 uM 15 KM

3 KM

Note: The fibre distance specified must take into account loss budgets as detailed below.

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Fibre Optic Port Sp ecification (Cont..)

Fibre Optic Power Budgets

Max. Receive Power -8
Min. Receive Power -31

Max. Optical Power -14

Min. Optical Power -20

Max. Receive Power -14
Min. Receive Power -31

Max. Optical Power -14

Min. Optical Power -23,4

Max. Receive Power -14
Min. Receive Power -31

Max. Optical Power -14

Min. Optical Power -20

Note: Fibre Ports are always configured for 100 Mbit /s and full duplex.

Section 1.5

Single Mode Transceiver

SINGLE MODE

(xx/125)

15km[dBm]

Multi Mode Transceiver

MULTI MODE

(50/125)

MULTI MODE

(62.5/125)

MTRJ

MTRJ

[dBm]

MTRJ

[dBm]

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Section 1.5.1

Fibre Optic Port Sp ecification (Cont..)

Fibre Optic Care

Fibre optic transmission medium is usually m ade of Gl ass. In addition, the diamet er of the
fibre can be as low as 9um. In compari son, the diameter of an average piec e of Human hair is
40 um.

Therefore, a small pi ece of dust or contaminate located on the end of a patch cabl e
could easily disrup t communications.

The fibre optic transceivers and associated patch cables must be treated with great care.
Therefore, t he f ollowing r ules shoul d be adher ed t o d u ri ng any comm issioni ng work and fibr e
optic installation.

• Dust caps must be replaced immediately after removal of patch cable from

transceiv er or patch box . Fail ure to comply c ould result i n damage t o transceiver s or
patch cables.

• Keep hands clean when touching fibre optic cabl e.

• Patch cables should be cleaned with IPA and dried with a lint-free cloth before

installation.

• Once patch cables hav e been i nstalled dust will not ingress the t r ansceiver

NOTE: Permanent damage to both fibre patch cords and fiber optic transceiver
components may be the resul t of just a small in visible piece of dust!

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Section 2.0

Switch Specificat ions

Power Su pp ly Co nnector

The switch is designed to oper ate perm anently over a ver y wide range of power (19 V DC t o
72 V DC). Two redundant inputs are provided to provide enhanced redundancy if either
supply fails.
The power supply draws po wer from t he input t hat has the highest potent ial dif fer ence when
compared to the alternate supply.

This enables use of a 48V source as prim ar y suppl y with a 24V DC battery as back up.

Power supply inputs have reverse p olarity protection.

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Section 3.0

Switch Technical Specification

Interface Specifications

RJ-45 Ports 10/100 BaseT(x)

Auto Negotiation Feature

Speed
Full and Half Duplex m ode
Auto MDI/MDI-X

Manual Negoti ation

Speed
Full and Half Duplex m ode

Fibre Ports 100BaseFX Ports

Fibre Specifi cat io ns

Distances Multi mode 2-3KM
Single mode 15KM

Wavelength 1300nM

Power Specification

Input Voltage 19VDC..72VDC
Input Current (@ 24V DC) Typical 3 Watts
Inrush Current Not Greater Than Input Current.
Maximum Current

Maximum 5Watts
(Model Dependant)

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Section 5.0

Switch Technical Specification

Environmental Specification

Indoor use or corresponding environment
Altitude up to 2000M
Operating temperature (-40 .. +70°C)
Humidity 5-95’C RHD Non Condensi ng
Enclosure IP40

Climatic

Cold IEC 68-2-1 Ad (-25 ‘C operational 16 Hours)
Storage IEC 68-2-1 Ad (-40 ’C 16 Hours)
Dry Heat I E C 68- 2- 2 B d (+ 70 ’C oper ational 16 Hours)
Humidity IE C 68- 2- 30 Db ( 25 ‘C .. 55 ‘C 95% 6 Cycles 24 Hours)

Mechanical

Oscillati on IEC 255-21-1 Class 1

Shock IEC 255-21-2 Class 1
Enclosures IEC 529, IP 40

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Industrial Immunity EN 61000-6-2
Industrial Emission EN 50081-2
Home / Office Emission EN 50081-1

Radiated Immunity

ESD EN 61000-4-2 (4/8 kV)

Magnetic Field EN 61000-4-8 (30A/m)
RF Field Disturbance EN 61000-4-3
10 V/m 80% AM
80 .. 1000MHz

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Section 5.0

Switch Technical Specification

Test Standard s
Conducted I m mu nity

Fast Transients EN 6100-4-4
AC/DC 2kV, Signal 1kV

Surge Immunity EN 6100-4-5
AC: 2kV/1kV
DC: 0.5kV/0.5kV
Signal 1kV/-

Voltage Dips
Voltage Interruptions EN 6100-4-11 for AC Supply

Conduced RF
Disturbance EN 6100-4-6
10V, 80% AM, 0, 15-80 MHz

Radiated Immunity

ESD EN 61000-4-2 (4/8 kV)

Magnetic Field EN 61000-4-8 (30A/m)
RF Field Disturbance EN 61000-4-3
10 V/m 80% AM
80 .. 1000MHz

Safety
Low Voltage

Directive Standard EN 60950

Class 1 equipment , in which exposed conduct ive parts are bonded to a connecti ng
means for a protective conductor.

Eye Safety IEC 825-1 Class 1

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Section 5.1

Switch Technical Specification

Returns Procedure

Contact your equipment supplier before r eturning any equipment.
Equipment will not be accepted without an allocated returns number.

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Section 5.2

Physical Specification

In addition to the f our rubber feet for desktop instal lation, two DIN Rail m ounting options are
available. Using the supplied screws the DIN clip can be attached to the bottom base plate of
the switch. An additional mounting accessory is available f or vertical DIN rail mounting.

Note that if the DIN clip is not m ounted the switch will not fulfill ingr es s IP 40 pr otection.

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