TYM T431, T451 Operator's Manual

TYM

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

FOR

TRACTORS

(T431/T451)

#604-9, Namsan-dong, Changwon-city, Kyungnam, Korea ■■■■TEL:[phone], FAX:[phone] ■■■■www.tym.co.kr

FOREWARD

Thank you very much for purchasing our tractor, which, we feel sure, will give you many years of
troubling the service.

The introduction in this manual set out the correct manner of operating, maintaining and checking
the tractor to ensure long-term durability.

Please ensure correct operation of the tractor as incorrect operation can cause substantial
mechanical damage as well as cause accidents with the associated injuries.

Please note that in some cases differences can exist between this manual and your tractor due to the
manufacture’s policy of constant product improvement.

In the event that you strike a problem not covered by this manual please contact your nearest dealer
who will assist you in resolving your problem.

WARNING

CALIFORNIA Proposition 65 Warning

The Engine Exhaust from this product contains chemicals known to the
state of California to cause cancer,birth defects or other reproductive harm

1

WARNING SIGNS IN THIS MANUAL

The following warning signs in this manual draw additional attention to items of importance for the
safe and correct operation of the tractor.

Caution

Danger

Warning

Important

SIGN MEANING OF THE SIGN

Serious hazard with a very high level of risk of either serious
injury or death

Hazard or unsafe practice that can lead to severe injury or death.

Hazard or unsafe practice that can lead in injury or death.

Instructions for the correct operation of the machine which, if
followed, will ensure that it performs at it’s best

All information,illustrations and specifications in this manual are based on latest information
available at the time of publication.The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.

CONTENTS

1. Tractor Identification 3

2. About this manual 4

3. Introduction & description 5~7

4. Owner assistance 8~9

5. ROPS (Roll over protection structures)

6. Safety instructions, Do’s & Don’ts 10~23

7. Safety signs 24~27

8. Universal symbols 28

Section A

9. Controls, Instruments & Operations 29~50

Section B

10. Lubrication & maintenance 51~74

Sr. No. Description Page No.

Section C

11. CABIN 75~83

12. Air conditioning system 84~94

Section D

13. Specifications 95~97

14. Fuel saving Tips 98~99

15. Fault tracing 100~103

16. Wiring Diagram 104~110

17. Tractor history card 111

18. Service record 112

19. Daily operating Log 113

20. Part replacement record 114

All information, illustrations and specifications in this manual are based on latest information
available at the time of publication. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.

2

TRACTOR IDENTIFICATION

The engine number is stamped on the left hand side of the engine block.
The chassis number is shown on the left hand side of the tractor as shown in the drawing.

WARRANTYOFTHE PRODUCT.
The manufacturer warrants this product and full details of the warranty are provided on a separate

warranty schedule.

SERVICE.

Service is available from any TYM dealer in the country.

PARTS.

To obtain spare parts please contact your nearest dealer and give him the details listed below.
Tractor model
Tractor serial number
Tractor engine number
Part number and description
Quantity required.

3

Illustration A

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This manual has been prepared to assist you in following/adopting the correct procedure for
running-in operation and maintenance of your new TYM CO.,LTD (Here in after refer to TYM)
Tractor.

Your Tractor has been designed and built to give maximum performance, with good fuel economy
and ease of operation under a wide variety of operating conditions. Prior to delivery, The tractor
was carefully inspected, both at the factory and by your TYM Dealer/Distributor, to ensure that it
reaches you in optimum conditions .To maintain this condition and ensure trouble free performance.
it is important that the routine services, as specified in this manual, are carried out at the
recommended intervals.

Read this Manual carefully and keep it in a convenient place for future reference. If at any time you
require advice concerning your Tractor, do not hesitate to contact your Authorized TYM
dealer/Distributor. He has trained personnel, genuine parts and necessary equipments to undertake
all your service requirements.

Manufacturer’s policy is one of continuous improvement, and the right to change prices,

specifications or equipments at any time without notice is reserved.

All data given in this book is subject to production variations. Dimensions & weight are
approximate only and the illustrations do not necessarily show Tractors in standard condition. For
exact information about any particular Tractor, please consult your TYM dealer/Distributor.

4

Introduction & Description

TRACTOR AN INTRODUCTION

The word, ’Tractor’ has been derived from ‘Traction’ which means pulling.
A Tractor is required to pull or haul an equipment, implement or trolley which are coupled to the

Tractor body through suitable linkage. A Tractor can also be used as a prime mover as it has a power
outlet source which is also called Power Take or PTO shaft.

In this book the operating, maintenance and storage instructions for all models of TYM Diesel
Tractors has been complied. This material has been prepared in detail to help you in the better
understanding of maintenance and efficient operation of the machine.

If you need any information not given in this manual, or require the services of a trained mechanic,
please get in touch with the TYM Dealer/Distributor in your locality. Dealer/Distributors are kept
informed of the latest methods of servicing Tractors. They stock genuine spare parts and are backed
by the Company’s full support.

Through this manual. The use of the terms

LEFT, RIGHT, FRONT and REAR must be

LEFT, RIGHT, FRONT and REAR must be

understood, to avoid any confusion when
following the introductions. The LEFT and
RIGHT means left and right sides of the
Tractor when facing forward in the driver’s
seat, Reference to the FRONT indicates the
radiator end of the Tractor, while the REAR,
indicates the drawbar end (illustration E)

When spare parts are required, always specify
the Tractor and engine serial number when
ordering these parts.(See illustration A).This
will facilitate faster delivery and help ensure
that the correct parts for your particular
Tractor is received. The tractor serial number
is punched on a plate attached to the left hand
side of the engine body (illus.A) ,For easy
reference, we suggest you to write the number
in the space provided in the owner’s personal
data.

Illustration E

( Front, Rear,Left,Right Portion)

5

DESCRIPTION

■

■■

■ General construction

The transmission case, Clutch, Clutch housing, Engine and Front Axle Support are bolted together to
form a rigid unit

■

■■

■ Front Axle & Wheels

The 4WD front axle is a center-pivot, reverse Eliot type. The front wheel drive mechanism is
incorporated as a part of the axle.

The front wheel drive power is taken off the rear transmission and transmitted to the differential in
the front axle where the power is divided into right and left and to the respective final cases.

In the final cases, the transmitted revolution is reduced by the level gears to drive the front wheel.
The 4WD mechanism with level gears provides wider steering and greater durability.

■

■■

■ Engine

The tractors are fitted with vertical, Water-cooled 4-cycle and spherical chamber type KUBOTA

ENGINES(T431)

■

■■

■ Clutch and Transmission

A single plate dry clutch(10.24″diameter) is used on these tractors. Tractor with IPTO(Independent
Power Take Off) are fitted with hydraulic Clutch Assy. The transmission Gear box has sixteen
forward & sixteen reverse speeds of T431/T451 with high-low selector lever, Presently, TYM

Tractors

are

fitted

with

partial

synchro

mesh

type

gears

.

■

■■

■ Brakes

TYM tractors are provided with independent disc brakes operated by two road travel. A foot brake

lever is fitted for parking.

■

■■

■ Rear axle & Wheels

This is mounted on ball bearings and is enclosed in removable housing which are bolted to the
transmission case. The rim & Disc fitted with Rear tires are bolted to the outer flange of Rear Axle.

■

■■

■ Hydraulic system & Linkages.

TYM Tractors are fitted with Live (i.e. system is in operation even when clutch is disengaged.)

independent, very touch of hydraulic System. Three point Linkages can be used for category 1 type
of implements.

6

■

■■

■ Steering

It consists of Hydrostatic Power steering system, which has a hydraulic cylinder and tandem type
hydraulic pump

■

■■

■ Electrical System

A 12 Volt Lead Acid Propylene Battery is used to activate the Engine through the Starter Motor and
the Electrical system comprising Horn, Head Lamp. Side indicator Lamps, Plough Lamp, Brake
Light, Gauge lamp, Hazard Lamp. Generator or Alternator, Fuse box also from part of the Electrical
system.

7

OWNER ASSISTANCE

We at TYM CO.,LTD and your TYM Dealer/Distributor wants you to be completely satisfied with
your investment. Normally any problems with your equipment will be handled by your
Dealer/Distributor’s Service Departments, however, misunderstanding can occur. If you feel that
your problem has not been handled to your satisfaction, we suggest the following.

Contact the owner or General Manager of the Dealership, explain the problem, and request
assistance. When additional assistance is needed, Your Dealer/Distributor has direct access to your
office. If you cannot obtain satisfaction by doing this, contact the TYM CO.,LTD. Office and
provide them with;

• Your name, address and telephone number

• Model and Tractor serial number

•

Dealer/Distributor Name & Address

• Machine purchase date and Hours used

• Nature of problem

Before contacting TYM CO.,LTD office, be aware that your problem will likely to be resolved in
the Dealership using the Dealer’s/Distributor’s facilities, equipment and personnel. So it is
important that your initial contact be with the Dealer/Distributor.

8

(ROPS) Roll Over Protective Structures

Roll Over Protective Structures (ROPS)

TYM Tractors are equipped with a frame for the protection of operators.
In the case of cab tractors the frame is incorporated in the cab structure.
The objective of the frame or cab structure is to protect the operator in the event of a roll over
and they are designed to support the entire weight of the tractor in that event.
Each TYM ROPS frame or cab structure is designed and has been tested to meet industry and or
Government standards.
Included in these tests were all mounting bases and bolts or other fasteners.

DANGER

For ROPS frames to be effective and protect the operator, the seat belt provided must be
worn in order to keep operators within the ROPS protected area in the event of a roll over.
Failure to use the seat belt can still cause serious injury or death.

On some models the ROPS frame has a fold down feature, which can be used to enter low
buildings etc.
Take care when lowering the upper section of the ROPS frame and take extreme care while

9

driving the tractor with the ROPS frame lowered.
Do not wear the seat belt with the ROPS lowered and please remember that the fold down facility
is for special circumstances only and must not be lowered for general use.

Use of the tractor with the ROPS lowered can cause fatal injuries.

As the ROPS frame or cab together with the seat belt was designed to meet certain standards,
they must be maintained in good order and condition.
To achieve this objective, both the structure and the seat belt should be inspected on a regular
basis (every time the tractor is serviced)

In the event that the seat belt is damaged or frayed, it should be replaced and in the event that the
ROPS frame or any part of the mounting structure is damaged or cracked, the faulty component
must be replaced with a new unit.
Such a unit must meet all of the test criteria of the original unit.
Fitment of an inferior item or items affects the certification of the entire ROPS structure and the
effectiveness of the structure in the event of an accident.

Drilling or welding of the ROPS structure is forbidden.

Damage of the ROPS

If the tractor has rolled over or the ROPS has damaged (such as striking an overhead object during
transport), It must be replaced to provide the original protection. After an accident, check for damages
to the 1.ROPS.2.Seat 3.seat belt & seat mountings. Before you operate a Tractor, replace all damaged
parts.

10

DO NOT WELD, DRILL OR STRAIGHTEN THE ROPS

Warning

Never attach chains, ropes to the ROPS for pulling purposes; this will
cause the Tractor to tip backwards. Always pull from the Tractor drawbar.
Be careful when driving through door opening or under low overhead
objects. Make sure there is sufficient overhead clearance for the ROPS
fatal injuries

Warning

If the ROPS is removed or replaced, make certain that the proper hardware
is used to replace the ROPS and the recommended torque values are
applied to the attaching bolts

Warning

Always wear your seat belt if the tractor is equipped with ROPS

NOTE: Do not use solvents to clean the seat. Use warm water with a little detergent added.

Before operating a Tractor it is important to adjust the seat to the most comfortable position & check

whether it is properly locked in its position. Figure 1 identifies the seat fitted to your Tractor.

FOR Sliding seat

Seat AdjustingLever

Fig.1

To select Seat position, move Adjusting lever and slide Seat closer to or away from Dash panel and

controls.

Danger

Check whether the seat properly locked in its position before driving the
tractor

11

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

SIGNAL WORDS.

A signal word―DANGER, WARNING OR CAUTION―is
used with safety alert symbol. DANGER identifies the most
serious hazards. Safety signs with signal Word ―DANGER OR
WARNING―are typically near specific hazards. General
precautions are listed on CAUTION safety signs.

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION

RECOGNIZE SAFETYINFORMATION
This symbol means ATTENTION! YOUR SAFETY IS

INVOLVED. The message that follows the symbol contains

important information about safety. Carefully read the message

READ SAFETY INSTRUCTION

Carefully read all safety instructions given in this manual for
your safety. Tempering with any of the safety devices can
cause serious injuries or death. Keep all safety signs in good
condition. Replace missing or damaged safety signs.

Keep your tractor in proper condition and do not allow any
unauthorized modifications to be carried out on the Tractor,
which may impair the function/safety and affect Tractor life.

PROTECTION CHILDREN

Keep children and others away from the Tractor while
operating.

BEFORE YOU REVERSE

- Look behind Tractor for children.

- Do not let children to ride on Tractor or any
implement.

12

USE OF ROPS AND SEAT BELT

The Roll Over Protective Structure(ROPS) has been certified to
industry and/or government standards. Any damage or alternation to
the ROPS, mounting hard-ware, or seat belt voids the certification
and will reduce or eliminate protection for the operator in the event
of a roll-over. The ROPS, mounting hardware, and seat belt should
be checked after the first 100 hours of Tractor and every 500 hours
thereafter for any evidence of damage, wear or cracks. In the event
of damage or alteration, the ROPS must be replaced prior to further
operation of the Tractor.

The seat belt must be worn during machine operation when the
machine is equipped with a certified ROPS.

Failure to do so will reduce or eliminate protection for the operator
in the event of a roll over.

PRECAUTION TO AVOID TIPPING

Do not drive where the Tractor could slip or tip.
Stay alert for holes and rocks in the terrain, and other hidden

hazards.
Slow down before you make a sharp turn.

Driving forward out of a ditch or mired condition could cause

Tractor to tip over backward. Back out of these situations if
possible

PARK TRACTOR SAFELY

Before working on the Tractor ;
Lower all equipment to the ground.
Stop the engine and remove the key

KEEP RIDERS OFF TRACTOR

Do not allow riders on the Tractor.
Riders on Tractor are subject to injury such as being stuck by

foreign objects and being thrown off of the Tractor

13

HANDLE FUEL SAFELY-AVOID FIRES

Handle fuel with care; it is highly flammable. Do not refuel the
Tractor while smoking or near open flame or sparks.

Always stop engine before refueling Tractors.
Always keep your tractor clean of accumulated grease, and debris.

Always clean up spilled fuel.

STAY CLEAR OF ROTATING SHAFTS

Entanglement in rotating shaft can cause serious injury or death.
Keep PTO shield in place at all times.
Wear close fitting clothing. Stop the engine and be sure PTO drive

is stopped before making adjustments, connections, or cleaning out
PTO driven equipment.

ALWAYS USE SAFETY LIGHTS AND DEVICES

Use of hazard warning lights and turn signals are recommended
when towing equipment on public roads unless prohibited by state
or local regulations.

Use slow moving vehicle (SMV) sign when driving on public road

during both day & night time, unless prohibited by law

PRACTICE SAFE MAINTENANCE

Understand service procedure before doing work.
Keep the surrounding area of the Tractor clean and dry.
Do not attempt to service Tractor when it is in motion.
Keep body and clothing away from rotating shafts.
Always lower equipment to the ground. Stop the engine.
Remove the key. Allow Tractor to cool before any work repair is
caused on it.
Securely support any Tractor elements that must be raised for
service work.
Keep all parts in good condition and properly installed.
Replace worn or broken parts. Replace damage/missing decals.
Remove any buildup of grease or oil from the Tractor.
Disconnect battery ground cable(−) before making adjustments on
electrical systems or welding on Tractor

14

AVOID HIGH-PRESSURE FLUIDS

Escaping fluid under pressure can penetrate the skin causing
serious injury. Keep hands and body away from pinholes and
nozzles, which eject fluids under high pressure. If ANY fluid is
injected into the skin. Consult your doctor immediately.

PREVENT BATTERY EXPLOSIONS

Keep sparks, lighted matches, and open flame away from the top of
battery. Battery gas can explode.

Never check battery charge by placing a metal object across the poles.

PREVENT ACID BURNS

Sulfuric acid in battery electrolyte is poisonous. It is strong enough to

burn skin, cause holes in clothing and cause blindness if found entry
into eyes.

For adequate safety always;

1.Fill batteries in a well-ventilated area.

2.Wear eye protection and acid proof hand gloves

3.Avoid breathing direct fumes when electrolyte is added.

4. Do not add water to electrolyte as it may splash off causing severe
burns.

If you spill acid on yourself;

1.Flush your skin with water.

2.Flush your eyes with water for 10-15 minutes.
Get medical attention immediately.

SERVICE TRACTOR SAFELY

Do not wear a necktie, scarf or loose clothing when you work near
moving parts. If these items were to get caught, severe injury could result.

Remove rings and other jeweler to prevent electrical shorts and
entanglement in moving parts.

15

TRACTOR RUNAWAY

1. The tractor can start even if the transmission is engaged position causing Tractor to runaway and
serious injury to the people standing nearby the tractor.

2. For additional safety keep the pull to stop knob (fuel shut off control) in fully pulled out position.

Transmission in neutral position, Foot brake engaged and PTO lever in disengaged position while
attending to Safety Starter Switch or any other work on Tractor.

SAFETY STARTER SWITCH

1. Clutch operated safety switch is provided on all Tractors which allow the starting system to

become operational only when the Clutch pedal is fully pressed.

2. Do not By-pass this safety starter switch or work on it. Only Authorized Dealers are

WORK IN VENTILATED AREA

Do not start the Tractor in an enclosed building unless the doors &
windows are open for proper ventilation, as tractor fumes can cause
sickness or death. If it is necessary to run an engine in an enclosed area
remove the exhaust fumes by connecting exhaust pipe extension.

Safety Starter Switch is to be replaced after every 2000 hours/4 years,
whichever is earlier

recommended to work on safety starter switch.

3. On some models Safety Starter switch is provided on transmission High-low shifter lever and in
PTO shifter lever.The tractor can be started only if High-low shifter lever is in neutral position.

16

Caution

SAFE OPERATION OF YOUR TRACTOR

The manufacturer of your tractor has made every effort to make it as safe as is humanly possible.
Beyond this point it is the responsibility of the operator to avoid accidents and we ask that you read and

implement our suggestions for your safety.

Ensure that only trained and competent operators use this tractor and ensure that they are fully
conversant with the machine and aware of all it’s control and safety features.

Operators should not operate the tractor or associated machinery while tired or untrained.

To avoid accidents please ensure that the operator wears clothing which will not get entangled in the
moving parts of the tractor or machine and protect him or her from the elements.

When spraying or using chemicals, please ensure that clothing and protective equipment is worn which
prevents respiratory or skin problems.

For full details consult the manufacturer of the chemicals.

17

To avoid lengthy exposure to noise ensure that ear protection is worn.

If adjustment to the tractor or machinery need to be made ensure the tractor or machine are turned off
beforehand.

Use of certified Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS) is a must while operating a tractor.
Use of seat belt is a must while operating a tractor.

In summary, ensure at all times that the safety of the operator and any other worker is paramount.

SAFETY TIPS DURING MAINTENANCE

1.At least on a daily basis check all oil levels. Water level in the radiator and electrolyte level in
the battery and perform services according to the service schedule.

2. Ensure tire pressure are even and the correct pressure for the job being done is maintained.

3. Check to ensure that the all controls and preventative mechanisms of the Tractor and implement

work correctly and effectively.

4. Ensure that an adequate set of the correct tools is available for maintenance and minor repairs.

5. Ensure that all service work and repairs are carried out on a flat area with a concrete or similar

floor.

Do not carry out service work on a tractor until it is switched off, and the parking brake applied
and wheels choked.
Where a tractor is started in a confined area, ensure that the area is well ventilated as exhaust
gases are very harmful, and can cause death.

6. Do not work under raised implements.

7.

When changing wheels or tires ensure that a suitable wheel stand is placed under the axle prior

18

7.

When changing wheels or tires ensure that a suitable wheel stand is placed under the axle prior

to removing the wheel and the wheels are chocked.

8. Where guards or shields need to be removed to perform a service or repair, ensure that the
guard or shield is correctly reinstalled before starting the Tractor.

9. Never refuel near a naked flame or with an overheated engine. Ensure to turn off Engine
before refueling.

10. The cooling system operates under pressure, take care when removing the Radiator cap on a

hot engine to prevent being scalded by steam or hot water. Do not add water in the radiator
when the engine is hot. Add water to the radiator only after the engine cools down completely.

11.To prevent fires keep the tractor including the engine clean and free from inflammable material

and well away from fuels and other inflammable material.

►

►►

► MOUNTING AND DEMOUNTING IMPLEMENTS

(1)Ensure that all mounting and removal of implements is done on safe flat ground. Ensure no one

is between the Tractor and implement and do not get under the implement to avoid accidental

injuries.

(2) After mounting the implement, ensure that all sway chains are correctly adjusted and, where

PTO shafts are used that the shaft is fitted and secured correctly.

(3) Where heavy implements are used, ensure that the combination is well balanced or use proper

ballast to achieve balance.

(4) Before leaving the tractor at any time, lower the implement, stop the PTO shaft where

applicable, set the parking brake and switch off the engine.

(5) While operating the implements with the PTO keep all bystanders away from any moving parts

and do not attempt to make adjustments while the machine is running.

(6) Only the driver should ride on the Tractor with the ROPS frame fitted and with the seat belt

properly fastened.

(7) Where young children are present, particular care should be taken and the tractor should not be

moved until the whereabouts of all children is known.

(8) Only trained operators should operate the Tractor and so taking care to ensure that other

workers are not injured. In particular they should take care during dusty operations, which will

reduce visibility substantially.

(9) Never start the tractor unless the transmission is out of gear, the operator is in the seat and all

round safety has been checked.

(10) Only operate the tractor seated in the drivers seat and never turn or brake suddenly at high

19

speed as this can cause a roll

-

over and serious injury or death.

(11) When traveling on a public road ensure that the tractor and driver both meet all laws relating to

safety and licensing. When traveling with wide implements use red flags on the extremities and
observe all legal including escort requirements.

(12) When operating under adverse conditions, hilly terrain or on bad ground adjust the speed of the

tractor to suit the conditions, safety comes first. Never drive down hill at high speed or with the
transmission in neutral. Use of the braking capacity of the engine as well as the service brakes.

Do not try to change gear going up or down a steep slope, select the correct gear before
starting.

(13) Take care when traveling uphill with a heavy implement to ensure that it does not overbalance

and tip up the front end.

(14) Never remove or modify the seat belt.
(15) Never remove, modify or repair the ROPS frame.

PLEASE REMEMBER THAT A LITTLE BIT OF EXTRA CARE CAN PREVENT SERIOUS
INJURY OR TEATH AND AVOID DAMAGE TO YOUR TRACTOR.

The following precautions are suggested to help prevent accidents.

A careful operator is the best operator. Most accidents can be avoided by observing certain
precautions .Read and take the following precautions before operating the Tractor to prevent
accidents. Tractor should be operated only by those who are responsible and properly trained to
do so.

■ The Tractor

1. Read the operator’s manual carefully before using the tractor. Lack of operating knowledge can
lead to accidents.

2. Use an approved rollover bar and seat belt for safe operation. Overturning of a tractor without a
rollover bar can result in death or injury.

3. Do not remove ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure). Always use the seat belt.

4. Fiberglass canopy does not give any protection.

5. To prevent falls, keep steps and platform clear of mud and oil.

6. Do not permit anyone but the operator to ride on the Tractor. There is no safety place for extra
riders.

7. Replace all missing, illegible or damaged safety signs.

8. Keep safety signs clean of dirt and grease

■

■■

■ servicing the Tractor

1.keep the tractor in good operating condition for your safety. An improperly maintained Tractor can

be hazardous.

2. Stop the engine before performing any service on the tractor.

20

3. The cooling system operates under pressure, which is controlled by the radiator cap

. It is

dangerous to remove the cap while the system is hot. First turn the cap slowly to stop and

allow the pressure to escape before removing the cap entirely.

4. Do not smoke while the refueling the tractor. Keep away any type of open flame.

5. The fuel in the injection system is under high pressure and can penetrate the skin. Unqualified

persons should not remove or attempt to adjust a pump, injector, nozzle or any part of the fuel
injection system.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in serious injury.

6. Keep open flame away from battery or cold weather starting aids to prevent fire or
explosions.

7. Do not modify or alter or permit anyone else to modify or alter this tractor or any of its

components or any tractor functions

■

■■

■ Operating the tractor

1. Before starting the tractor apply the parking brake, place the PTO (Power Take Off) lever in the
“OFF” position, the hydraulic control levers in the downward position, the remote control valve

levers in the neutral position( if fitted) and the transmission in neutral.

2. Do not start the engine or controls while standing besides the tractor. Always sit on the tractor

seat when the engine or operating controls.

3. Safety starter switch.

In order to prevent the accidental starting of the tractor, a safety switch has been provided. The
starting system of the tractor is connected through this switch, which becomes operative only when
the clutch pedal is depressed. On some models shuttle shifter lever and PTO button should also be in
neutral position for completing the starting circuit. Do not bypass the safety starter switch. Consult
your TYM Tractor Dealer/Distributor if safety- starting switch malfunctions.

4.Avoid accidental contact with the gear shifter lever while the engine is running. Unexpected

Tractor movement can result from such contact.

5. Do not get off or climb the tractor while it is in motion.

6. Shut off the engine, remove the key and apply the parking brake before getting off the tractor.

7. Do not operate the tractor in an enclosed building without adequate ventilation. Exhaust fumes can

cause death.

8. Do not park the tractor on a steep slope.

21

9. If power steering or Engine seizes to operate, stop the tractor immediately.

10. Pull only from the swinging draw bar or the lower link drawbar in the down position. Use only a

drawbar pin that locks in place. Pulling from the tractor rear axle carriers or any point above the
rear axle may cause the Tractor’s front end to lift.

11. If the front end of the tractor tends to rise when heavy implements are attached to the three-point

linkage, install front end or front wheel weights. Do not operate the tractor with a light front end.

12.Always use hydraulic position control lever when attaching equipments/implement and when
transporting equipment. Be sure that the hydraulic couplers are properly mounted and will
disconnect safely in case of accidental detachment of implement.

13.Do not leave equipment/implement in the raised position.

14.Use the flasher/ Turn signal lights and Slow Moving Vehicle (SMV) signs when driving on public

roads during both day and night time, unless prohibited by law.

15. Dim tractor lights when meeting a vehicle at night. Be sure the lights are adjusted to prevent the

blinding on the eyes of coming vehicle operator.

16.Emergency stopping instruction; If tractor fails to stop even after application of brakes, Pull the

knob of fuel shut off control rod.

■

■■

■ Driving the tractor

1. Watch where you are going especially at row ends, on roads, around trees and low hanging
obstacles.

2. To avoid upsets, drive the tractor with care and at speeds compatible with safety, especially
when operating over rough ground, crossing ditches or slopes, and when turning at corners.

3. Lock the tractor brake pedals together when transporting on roads to provide proper wheel braking.

4. Keep the tractor in the same gear when going downhill as used when going uphill. Do not coast

or free wheel down hills.

5.Any towed vehicle and/or trailer whose total weight exceeds that of the towing Tractor, must be
equipped with its own brakes for safe operation.

6. When the tractor is stuck or tires are frozen to the ground, back out to prevent upset.

7.Always check overhead clearance, especially when transporting the tractor.

■

■■

■ Operating the PTO (Power Take Off)

1. When operating PTO driven equipment, shut off the engine and wait until the PTO stops before
getting off the tractor and disconnecting the equipment.

2. Do not wear loose clothing when operating the power take-off or near rotating equipment.

3. When operating stationery PTO driven equipment, always apply the tractor parking brake and
block the rear wheels from front and rear side.

4. To avoid injury, always move down flip part of PTO. Do not clean, adjust or service PTO driven

equipment when the tractor engine is running.

22

5.

Make sure the PTO master shield is installed at all times and always replace the PTO shield cap

When the PTO is not in use.

■

■■

■ Diesel fuel

1. Keep the equipment clean and properly maintained.

2. Under no circumstances should gasoline, alcohol or blended fuels be added to diesel fire or
explosive hazard. Such blends are more explosive than pure gasoline. In a closed container,
such as a fuel tank. DO NOT USE THESE BLENDS.

3. Never remove the fuel cap or refuel the tractor with the engine running.

4. Do not smoke while refueling or when standing near fuel.

5. Maintain control of the fuel filler pipe when filling the tank.

6. Do not fill the fuel tank to capacity. Allow room for expansion.

7.Wipe up spilled fuel immediately.

8.Always tighten the fuel cap securely.

9.If the original fuel tank cap is lost, replace it with genuine cap. A none approved cap may not
be safe.

10.Do not drive equipment near open fire.

11.Never use fuel for cleaning purpose.

12.Arrange fuel purchases so that winter grade fuel are not held over and used in the spring.

N.B: It is suggested that after repairs if any of the Safety Decal/sign is peeled/defaced, the
same may be replaced immediately in interest of your safety.

23

DO’S AND DON’T’S

DO’S-For Better performance
DO-Ensure that safety shields are in place and in good condition.
DO-Read all operating instructions before commencing to operate Tractor.
DO-Carry out all maintenance tasks without fail.
DO-Keep the air cleaner clean.
DO -Ensure that the correct grade of lubricating oils is used and that they are replenished and

changed at the recommended intervals.

DO-Fit new sealing rings when the filter elements are changed.
DO-Watch the oil pressure gauge or warning light and investigate any abnormality immediately.
DO-Keep the radiator filled with clean water and in cold weather use anti-freeze mixture. Drain

the system only in an emergency and fill before starting the engine.

DO-Ensure that the transmission is in neutral before starting the engine.
DO-Keep all fuel in clean storage and use a filter when filling the tank.
DO-Attend to minor adjustments and repairs as soon as necessity is apparent.

24

DO

-

Allow the engine to cool before removing the radiator filler cap and adding water, remove the

radiator cap slowly.

DO-Shift into low gear when driving down steeps hills.
DO-Latch the brake pedals together when driving on a highway.
DO-Keep draft control lever fully down when not in use.

Don’ts-For safe operation

DON’T-Run the engine with the air cleaner disconnected.
DON’T-Start the tractor in an enclosed building unless the doors and windows are open for proper

ventilation.

DON’T-Operate the tractor or engine while lubricating or cleaning.
DON’T-Allow the tractor to run out of diesel fuel otherwise it will be necessary to vent the system.
DON’T-Temper the fuel injection pump, If seal is broken the warranty becomes void.
DON’T-Allow the engine to run idle for a long period.
DON’T-Run the engine if it is not firing on all cylinders.
DON’T-Ride the brake or clutch pedal. This will result in excessive wear of the brake lining,

clutch driven member and clutch release bearing.

DON’T-Use the independent brakes for making turns on the highway or at high speeds.
DON’T-Refuel the tractor with the engine running.
DON’T-Mount or dismount from the right side of the tractor.
DON’T-Temper the hydraulic control levers’ upper limit stops.
DON’T-Use draft control lever for lifting of implements.
DON’T-Start the engine with the PTO engaged.
DON’T-Use the governor Control Lever (Hand throttle) while driving on roads.
DON’T-Move the hydraulic levers rearward.

25

SAFETY SIGNS

(Replace all missing, damaged or illegible signs)

GENERALSAFETY INFORMATION

IMPORTANT: This “General safety Information” should be kept with the machine at all times as
reference data.

This symbol means ATTENTION!YOUR SAFETY IS INVOLVED.
The message that follows the symbol contains important information about safety.

Follow recommended precautions and safe operating practice.

WARNING

• Before starting and operating know the operating
and safety instructions in the operators Manual

• Do not permit anyone but the operator to
ride on the tractor. There is no safe place

26

andonthe

tractor

• Clear the area of bystanders.

• Locate and know operation of controls.

• Start engine only from Operator’s seat with
depressed clutch pedal, transmission in the
neutral, PTO disengaged and hydraulic control in
lower position

• Slow down on turns, rough ground and slopes to

avoid upset.

for rider.

• Lock brakes together, use warning lights
and SMV emblem while driving on roads.

• Lower equipment, place gear shift levers
in neutral, stop engine, remove the key
and apply parking brake before leaving
the tractor seat.

• Air pressures are specified by the
manufacturer

FAILURE TO FOLLOW ANY OF THE INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE CAN CAUSE SERIOUS
INJURY TO THE OPERATOR.

Location: On fender RH
Part No.: 1260-904-070-1A

TO AVOID POSSIBLE

PERSONAL INJURY, THIS GUARD
MUST BE KEPT IN PLACE

Location: ON PTO guard
Part No.: 1260-904-069-0A

Warning

CAUTION

TO PROTECT ENGINE AND
HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS.

● Idle engine for 1 minute
before shut down or full load
operation.

● Do not exceed 1/2 throttle for

first 5 minutes of operation.

KEEP HANDS AND CLOTHING
AWAY FROM ROTATING FAN AND BELTS

TO PREVENT SERIOUS INJURY

Location: On Dash cover side RH
Part No.: 1260-904-064-0

Location: On Radiator bracket

side LH&RH

Part No.: 1260-904-061-0

The cooling system Operates

BEFORE OPERATE THE TRACTOR,
READ THE OPERATOR’S MANUAL
THOROUGHLY, TO UNDERSTAND THE

CAUTION

Warning

Warning

27

under

pressure

.

● It is dangerous to remove the
radiator cap while the system
is hot

● Always turn the cap slowly to
the first stop and allow pressure
to escape before removing the
cap completely.

●

●●

●When operating below 32°F, use

suitable anti-freeze solution as
coolant

IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS AND

CONTROLS.

Location: On Radiator

bracket side LH&RH

Part No.: 1260-904-063-0

Location: On dash cover side LH.
Part No.: 1260-904-067-0A

DANGER

Rotating driveline contact can
cause Death

KEEP AWAY !

Keep all drive line.
Tractor and equipment shields in

place during operation

Location: On PTO Guard
Part No.: 1200-910-013-0

DANGER

BLINDNESS CAN RESULT
FROM BATTERY EXPLOSION.

KEEP SPARKS OR OPEN
FRAMES AWAY FROM
BATTERY.
DO NOT JUMP START.
BURNS CAN RESULT
FROM BATTERY ACID.
IN CASE OF CONTACT
FLUSH IMMEDIATELY
WITH WATER .

Location: On battery bracket RH
part No.: 1260-904-066-0

WARNING

● Pull only from drawbar. Pulling from any
other point can cause rear overturn.

● Do not operate with unshielded PTO.

● Disengage PTO and stop engine before

servicing tractor or attaching and detaching

implements.

● When towing equipment use a Safety chain

FAILURE TO FOLLOW ANY OF THE
INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE CAN CAUSE
SERIOUS INJURY TO THE OPERATOR
OR OTHER PERSONS.

Location: On rear frame
Part No.: 1260-904-065-0A

FRONT TYRE (9.5

-

16) PRESSURE

28

FRONT TYRE (9.5

-

16) PRESSURE

Air pressure: 30 p.s.i

REAR TYRE (13.6-26) PRESSURE
Air pressure: 21.3 p.s.i

WARNING

● Start engine only from operators seat.
If safety start switch is bypassed engine can
start with transmission in gear.

● Do not connect or short across terminal on

starter solenoid.

●Attach booster cables as shown on battery
decal and operators manual.

Starting in gear causing runaway can result
in serious injury.

Location: On dash cover side LH
Part no: 1260- 904-062-0A

Location: On Front Rims.

Location: : On rear rims.

WARNING

DO NOT REST FOOT ON
CLUTCH PEDAL.
MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE
TO CLUTCH ASSEMBLY.

Location: On dash panel near clutch pedal
Part No.: 1260-904-068-0

UNIVERSAL SYMBOLS

Some of the universal symbols have been shown below with an indication of their meaning

Engine speed
rev/minX100)

Pressured­open slowly

Corrosive
substance

Hours,
recorded

Continuous
variable

”Tortoise”

Slow or
minimum Setting

Engine
coolant
temperature

Warning

”Hare” fast or

maximum
setting

Fuel level

Hazard
warning

Transmission
oil pressure

Engine

Stop

Neutral

Turn signal

29

Stop

control

Neutral

Turn signal

Lights Fan

Transmission
oil temperature

Horn

Power take
off engaged

Parking brake

Engine oil

pressure

Power
take off
disengaged

Work lamps

Air filter

Lift arm/raise

Differential
lock

Battery charge Lift arm/lower

See
operator’s
manual

Section -A

Controls,

Instruments

And

Operations

30

The following pages in this section detail the location and function of various instruments, switches
and controls on your Tractor. Even if you operate other Tractors, you should read through this
section of the manual and ensure that you are thoroughly familiar with the location and function of
all the features of your New Tractor.

Do not start the engine or attempt to drive or operate the Tractor until you are fully accustomed to
all the controls. It is too late to learn once the Tractor is moving. If in doubt about any aspect of the
operation of the tractor consult your

TYM Tractor Dealer/Distributor.

Particular attention should be paid to the recommendations for running-in to ensure that your tractor
will give long life and dependable service for which it was intended

DESCRIPTION OF TRACTOR CONTROLS

INSTRUMENT AND SWITCHES

31

►Main switch

[OFF]-The key can be inserted or removed
[ON]- The electric circuit is on.
[Glow]-Glow plugs preheat the combustion chamber
[START]-The starter motor is engaged.

When the key is released it will return to
the ON position

►LIGHT SWITCH, INDICATORSAND HORN

High and low beam are operated

On the main switch
Position 1. High beam
Position 2. Low beam

►TACHOMETER

This meter shows the revolutions of the
engine and the PTO shafts as well as the
travel speed in top gear

(1) Right needle

Indicates speed in top gear.

(2) Left needle

Indicates engine revolutions

32

►HOUR METER

The hour meter consists of digits with the last
digit indicating 1/10thof an hour

►FUELGAUGE

Shows the amount of fuel in the tank when the
ignition switch is ON

►WATER TEMPERATURE GAUGE

Shows the water temperature with the ignition
switch ON

C is low to normal temperature
H is high temperature

If the pointer is in the red H segment the engine is
overheating.

Refer this book to rectify the problem

►

►►

►WARNING LIGHTS

Charge lamp

This light will go off as soon as the engine starts to run to indicate that the
alternator is changing.

33

(Please note, as broken fan belt can cause the light to come on, please stop the

engine as overheating can occur if not rectified immediately)

Oil pressure lamp

Will go out as soon as the engine starts if the oil pressure is correct.
If it comes on while the engine is running, stop the engine and get expert advice.

PTO monitor Lamp

Shows the revolution of PTO
Refer to monitor lamp on Page 34

High beam lamp is operated on the combination switch.

Low beam lamp is operated on the combination switch

Glow signal Lamp indicates preheating

►Independent PTO

PTO monitor Lamp

Two switches operate the independent PTO.

■ It must be noted that the PTO shift lever on the LHS
below the driver seat should be shifted to position 1
(540 RPM) 0r 2 (1000RPM) depending upon the
implement specification. In no case the specified

speeds be crossed as serious damage to the
tractor/implement to person can result because of
this. When the PTO is not in use the shift lever must be

put in neutral position to avoid unnecessary use or
accidental use.

■ The PTO monitor lamp on the dash panel indicates the state of the

PTO shaft.

1. If the monitor glows: The PTO is rotating

2. If the monitor is off: The PTO is off

3. If the monitor blinks: The PTO is presently stationary but will
instantly start rotating of the clutch pedal is released or the implement
is lowered

34

Two switches operate the independent PTO.

1.PTO ON/OFF switch: PTO ON/OFF switch is situated

on the LHS. on the steering column and can be identified
easily with its built in red colored indicator. When the

switch is pushed down to start the PTO indicator glows to
indicate that the switch and the PTO are in ON position,
If the switch is pushed down again the indicator goes off
signaling that the PTO is OFF.

2. PTO Control switch: This switch is situated near the

starting key location on the dash panel. There are three

positions marked for this switch.

■ Off at the center

■

■■

■ Manual at the left

■

■■

■ Auto at the right.

PTO ON,Off switch

PTO control switch

The PTO shaft will not rotate if either of the two switches is in OFF position.

The following table explains how the PTO operates at the two different (Manual
& Auto) positions of the PTO control switch with the PTO ON/OFF switch in the
on position.

First select the specified speed for the PTO by using the PTO shifter on the LHS, below the driver seat.

PTO
ON/OFF
Switch

PTO
Control
Switch

Clutch Pedal. Hydraulic

Position
Control Lever.

PTO Monitor
Lamp on the

dash panel

PTO SHAFT

On Manual

Mode

Either pressed or
released

Either raised or
lowered

Glows Rotates

On Auto

Mode

Pressed Either raised or

lowered

Blinks Stationary

On Auto

Mode

Either pressed or
released

Raised Blinks Stationary

On Auto

Mode

Released Lowered Glows Rotates

■

■■

■ From the table above we learn about the safety features of the PTO. When the monitor on the dash

panel is blinking it indicates to the operator that the PTO is in the on position but temporarily not

rotating either because the clutch pedal is pressed or the implement is lifted off the ground or both.

The PTO will start rotating instantaneously when either the clutch pedal is released and/or the

implement is lowered to the ground.

■

■■

■ The operator must use this blinking signal to clear the area around the tractor off

35

bystanders/onlookers as the rotating blades of certain implements can accidentally cause injuries to

the persons standing near the tractor.

■

■■

■ The stopping of the PTO when the implement is lifted off the ground with the position control

prevents the damage to the implement or the PTO shaft.

1.When the PTO control switch is in manual position the PTO does
not stop rotating even if the clutch pedal is pressed. If working on
hard soils,pavements with a rotary implement the PTO ON/OFF
switch must be put to the OFF position to stop the PTO from
rotating, If this is not done the rotating blades of the implement

will push on the hard ground below and in turn push the tractor toward causing accident which can
lead to serious injuries or death.

2. Extra precaution must be taken to clear the area of bystanders/onlookers when using PTO driven

implements. The rotating blades of the implements can cause serious injuries on contact. The
warning that is indicated by the blinking PTO monitor is to make the operator aware that the
PTO is in on position and will instantly start rotating if the clutch pedal is released or implement
is lowered or both.

3.In no case the specified rotating speeds indicated by the implement manufacturer be crossed as the
same can lead to serious damage to the tractor/equipment and can lead to serious injuries to
persons around.

Warning

TRACTOR CONTROLS

36

►

►►

►Hand Throttle

Pulling the hand throttle towards the driver increases
revolutions.

Pushing it away from the driver decreases revolution.

►

►►

►Clutch disconnecting arm

For long term storage of the Tractor it is possible
to latch the clutch in the disengaged position.
Push the clutch down and engage the latch to hold
it there.

Do not attempt
to start engine

when this arm
is being used.

warning

►

►►

► BRAKE PEDAL

Right and left brake pedals are provided to assist in turning the tractor in the field.

Caution

A connecting latch is provided to connect the right and left brake pedals for
high speed or road use.

In the interest of safety always use it on the road or at high speed as using one
side only can cause rollovers.

When servicing the tractor ensure that the adjustment on both sides in the
same.

► Foot operated accelerator

This pedal can override a fixed
hand throttle setting

►

►►

► Park brake

Connect the brake pedals , push them down while
pulling the park brake up to engage. Press the parking

37

brake pedal and push the Brake pedal to release.

Traveling with the park brake on will damage the brakes.

important

►

►►

►Shuttle shift lever

This control allows shifting from forward to reverse & reverse to forward. When stationary set the
lever to N for neutral

① Push the lever away from the driver engages forward.
② Pulling the lever towards the driver engages reverse.

Press clutch pedal fully before
operating shuttle shift lever.

important

When changing from forward to reverse or back to forward again while in
high range make sure the tractor comes to a stop before changing direction.
Failure to do so is likely to result in damage to the mechanism and place the
driver at risk of injury.

important

Operate the shuttle shift only while seated on the tractor.
Do not use the shuttle shift lever to start the tractor for towing or traveling

uphill, use the clutch instead.
Always stop the tractor before getting off.

Caution

▶Main gear lever

This lever can be shifted by using the clutch, both
when the tractor is stationary or mobile.

It is located on the R.H.S of the driver seat.

▶ Sub gear lever(Linear shift lever)

Operate the sub gear lever using clutch to select the
appropriate speed for different applications.

38

It is located on the LHS of driver seat.

Do not operate gear levers without stopping the tractor & without using the
clutch.

important

▶ Diff-lock pedal

In case of wheel slippage use the diff-lock by pushing
down on the diff lock pedal.
To release it remove the foot from the pedal.

Tractor will be difficult to turn if the
Diff-lock is engaged, ensure the lock is
disengaged before turning the steering
wheel.

Danger

Do not use high engine RPM when engaging Diff lock If the diff lock does not
release after removing the foot from the diff lock pedal alternatively brake
with the left and right brake until it gets released.

important

Never use the diff lock at high speed or on the road as this can cause roll over
and injury.

Caution

▶Front wheel drive lever
In the ON position the front wheels are

engaged and in the OFF position they are
disengaged.

Engage & disengage the front wheel drive
with the front wheels in the straight position
and at low Engine RPM.

Do not use front wheel drive at
high speed or on the road as
premature wear of components

Always use the clutch when
using the front wheel drive

39

important

Use of front wheel drive improves traction performance.

will result.

important

▶Driver’s seat

To adjust the seat backwards and forwards lift the
lever at the front of the seat and set it to the
desired position

Ensure that the tilt pedal has locked before
moving the tractor.

Danger

▶ Tilt pedal

To adjust the inclination of the steering wheel with a 3
stages and set it to the desired position.

lever.

PTO GEAR SELECTION LEVER

Your tractor is equipped with 4 Speed PTO
(T431NEW/T451NEW) to suit range of applications and
conditions.

Always use the clutch when engaging or disengaging the PTO or changing PTO speed.
Let the PTO driven implement come to a complete stop before changing.

important

Caution

Do not operate any implement at a high speed than is specified for it.
When making adjustments to the implement stop the engine to avoid serious injury.
When leaving the tractor stop the engine, and remove the key. Set the parking brake.

MODEL

POSITION

1 2 3 4

T431/T451 587 705 1,057 1,321

40

Operating the hydraulics.

The hydraulics are powered with an engine driven hydraulic pump and controlled with a position
control lever mounted beside the driver.

Position control

▶ implements can be raised and lowered with the hydraulic position control lever and can be stopped
at any position by stopping the lever.

To ensure a consistent working depth the adjustable stop can be set to ensure that the implement
returns to the same depth every time.

To raise the implement: Pull the lever back
To lower the implement: Push the lever forward.

Warning

After finishing the work, always lower the implement to the ground and switch
off the engine, Set the parking brake to avoid injuries and accidents .

▶Lowering speed control knob for the 3 point hitch

Draft control lever

▶ Soil engaging implements can be set for precision

work by using draft control. By mounting the
lever forward. The depth increase & by moving
the lever backwards the depth increases.

Adjusting Knob of hydraulic
descent speed

41

This knob controls the downward speed of the

hydraulics three point linkage and is positioned at the
front of the driver’s seat.
To slow the downward speed- Turn the knob clockwise.

To increase the downward speed, turn the knob anticlockwise.
To lock the knob clockwise.
Do not over tighten the knob.

Always set the knob to lock when

1.Traveling on the road

2.Replacing tires or blades on an implement.

3.Making adjustments to an implement. Sudden dropping of an implement due
to hydraulic problems can cause serious injury or death.

Caution

Exterior hydraulic Lever (Optional)

Move the lever up or down and hold.This will raise or
lower the implement (rotavator or hydraulic plow).
Lever will return to neutral by itself.
Important:

-Do not hold the lever in the “pull” or “Push”position

once the remote cylinder has reached the end of the
stroke.as this will cause oil to flow through the relief
valve.Forcing oil through the relief valve for extended
periods will overheat the oil.

-When Using the tractor hydraulic system to power

front loader,do not operate the boom and bucket
cylinders simultaneously.

Remote hydraulic control valve coupler connecting and disconnecting

■ Connecting

1.Clean both couplers.

2.Remove dust plugs.

3.Insert the implement coupler to the tractor hydraulic coupler

4.pull the implement coupler slightly to make sure couplers are
firmly connected.

■ Disconnecting

OPERATING THE 3 POINT LINKAGE (TPL)

1.Lower the implement first to the ground to release hydraulic

pressure in the hoses.

2.Clean the couplers

3.Relieve pressure by moving hydraulic control levers with
engine shut off.Pull the hose straight from the hydraulic coupler
to release it

4.Clean oil and dust from the coupler,then replace the dust plugs.

42

▶Telescopic stabilizers adjustment

The stabilizers are intended for limiting or preventing
implement side movement.

There should be no clearance(Position A) during implement
transport and when working with grades,rollers
mowers,seeders,drills and similar implements.However,a slight
play is necessary(Position B) when working with
ploughs,Harrows,ditchers,cultivators and the like:that is when
working with “draft control”.The length of stabilizers is
adjusted by removing the pin and rotating the turn buckle barrel
by which the threaded ends are interconnected.

▶ADJUSTMENT OF THE TOP LINK

Lengthening or shortening the top link will
change the angle of the implement.

The locating hole of the top link varies with
the type of implement used.

The most common locations are the 1st and

2nd hole from the top

▶ADJUSTMENT OF LOWER LINK

The adjustment is done with the adjusting handle on the
Right hand yoke rod

To shorten it wind the handle clockwise and to lengthen
it wind it anti-clockwise.

When adjusted correctly hold the turn buckle with the
stopper provided.

2nd hole from the top

43

1) For general implement :Use the Pin to “A: point

2) For Draft control :Use the Pin to “B”point

Only use drawbar to tow and keep the 3 point linkage in raised position when
toeing with the drawbar.

Position can create unbalance causing the Tractor to roll-over & Result the death or
serious injury.

Danger

▶ADJUSTMENT OF THE YOKE ROD ON

THE LOWER LINK

For different applications change the position of
the yoke rod on the lower links as shown and
insert the pin in the direction of the arrow

44

Caution

Do not attach a PTO shaft with the engine running and ensure all safety shields
are in place.

▶

▶▶

▶MOUNTING IMPLEMENT

If the PTO is used, remove the safety cover off the PTO shaft.
Adjust the yoke rod on the lower links to suit the implement in
use.
Attach the left lower link, then attach the right lower link
using the adjusting handle on the leveling box if required.
Attach the top link.
Attach the PTO shaft to the tractor if used, making sure that it
is locked in place.
Adjust the check chains to suit the implement and tighten the
locknuts.
To remove an implement reverses the procedure

DRIVING THE TRACTOR

STARTING THE ENGINE

Before starting the engine carry out the pre-operational checks as set out on page 17.
(1) Sit on the driver seat
(2) Apply the footbrake.
(3) Put the hydraulic lever in the down position.
(4) Push down the clutch to activate the safety-starting switch.
(5) Put the main gear lever in neutral
(6) Insert the ignition key and turn it on
(7) Ensure that the warning lights are working
(8) Always turn the ignition key to left for a moment & release it.

The automatic heater will start working as will be indicated by a light on the instrument
panel .As the lamp goes off turn the key to the start position to start the engine.

(9) Ensure that all the warning lights are off with the engine running.

important

Never turn the key to the start position while the engine is running as this can
cause serious damage to the starter and engine flywheel.
Only engage the starter for a period of not more than 10 seconds.
If Engine does not start, rest the starter for about 20 seconds and try again for a
maximum of 10 seconds.If the engine does not start after repeated attempts,

45

refer to the fault tracing guide on page 93

Especially in cold weather, always allow the tractor to idle for a while to warm up
& build up sufficient oil pressure to ensure normal operating temperature for
longer engine life.

important

STOPPING THE ENGINE

-After light work let the engine idle for a while and turn
the key off.

-The engine stops when the key is turned off,If the engine
does not stop .Pull the engine stop cable back and hold it
until the engine stops.After the engine has stopped,be
sure to push the engine stop cable back in,or the engine
will not start next time.

After long or heavy work allow the engine
to idle for 5- 10 minutes and turn the key
off.

important

WARMING UP

When starting the engine allow it to warm up to operating temperature by allowing it to idle 5-10
minutes to ensure full lubrication and operating temperature.

Failure to do so can shorten engine life substantially.

▶

▶▶

▶WARMING UP IN COLD WEATHER

Cold weather will change the viscosity of the oil, resulting in a reduced oil pumping capacity, which
can cause damage to the engine if it is not warmed up correctly.

It also causes problems with the hydraulic system and the synchromesh in the transmission.
Correct times for warming up are:

Temperature Time for warming up

Above 50°F

5~10 min.

50°F~ 32°F

10~20 min.

32°F~14°F

20~30 min.

14°F~-4°F

30~40 min.

Below –4°F

Over 40 min.

46

important

Ensure the handbrake (Foot brake) is on during the warming period.

When the engine is warm push down the clutch and engage the main and auxiliary gear levers to the
required position.

Push down on the brake pedals and release the handbrake.
Increase the engine revolutions and let out the clutch smoothly.

Only change gears with main gear lever while moving and ensure that this is done with fully use of
the clutch.

Do not ”ride” the clutch to control speed, use a lower gear.
Do not travel with your foot on the clutch pedal.

Caution

Always connect the brake pedals when traveling on the road.
Never tow anything except with the drawbar.
Do not tow loads which are too large for the tractor’s capacity to brake

effectively especially in hilly terrain.
Take special care when towing large or wide implements.
Do not carry passengers.
At all times observe local legislation and road rules.

Danger

TIGHT TURNS IN THE FIELD

Disconnect the latch connecting left and right brake pedals
to allow the use of individual pedals.
To make a tight turn use both the steering wheel and the
brake pedal at the same time.
For a left turns use the left pedal and a right turn the right
pedal.

47

Perform tight turns only at a slow safe speed.
Doing so at a high speed can cause rollovers and very serious injury or death.

Caution

NORMAL BRAKING AND PARKING

Let the engine come back to idle and at the same time push in the
clutch and brake simultaneously.

When the tractor has come to a halt, lower any implement to the
ground, and put the main gear in neutral.

Apply the park brake, stop the engine, and remove the key. Illustration

Always apply the park brake when parking.
Failure to do so can cause accidents and damage.
As an extra precaution when parking on a slope, chock the rear wheels.

Caution

▶

▶▶

▶ Driving downhill

Use the engine’s ability to brake when traveling downhill.
Never rely on the brakes only and never travel downhill with the gears in neutral.

When operating in hilly terrain the risk of the rollover is increased substantially,
please drive with extra care.

When towing trailers in hilly terrain ensure that they are equipped with brakes, use
a lower gear to get maximum engine braking and do not change gears on a down
hill run

Caution

OPERATION OF THE DIFF LOCK

While the diff lock is a very useful feature, care should be taken in its use as misuse can lead to
dangerous situations.

UPHILL STARTS ON A STEEP SLOPE

With the pedals connected together push down on the brake
pedals and push down the clutch.
Set all gear levers to low and the throttle to medium engine speed.
Release the clutch and as it engages release the brake pedals.
Adjust the throttle to the required speed.

48

The diff lock would only be used in situations where traction is lost on one of the rear wheels.

Use low engine revolutions when using the diff lock.
If the diff lock does not release after removing the foot from the pedal use the left

and right brake pedals in turn to release it.
Do not try to engage or use the diff lock on tight turns as serious damage can result.

Warning

CHECK DURING DRIVING

Constantly monitor the warning lights on the dash and if any
comes on stop the tractor to determine the cause.
If the oil pressure light comes on check the oil level first of all.
If the oil level is OK ask a qualified dealer to check the
reason for the light coming on.
If the alternator warning light comes on check all
connections and ensure that the fan belt is not broken.
If all connections and the fan belt are intact consult your
dealer to determine the cause of the problem.

▶

▶▶

▶Fuel gauge.

To avoid excessive condensation in the fuel tank refill at the end of each
day’s work and ensure during the day that it does not drop to a low level
where the fuel system will require bleeding to expel air in the system after
refilling the tank.

▶

▶▶

▶ Engine cooling water.

If the gauge indicates that the engine is running hot, stop the tractor and
check the coolant in the radiator.

Danger

Also check to ensure that the fins in the radiator core are not clogged or that the tractor has a
broken or stretched fan belt.

When traveling on public or farm roads connect both brake pedals and allow for
the weight of any mounted implement to ensure that the unit is not unbalanced.

Also allow for the width when passing other road users.
Where fitted use the hazard lights provided.

Allow the engine to cool down before opening radiator cap as serious burns may
result due to hot steam & boiling water.

49

Strictly follow the local traffic regulations.

Caution

When operating near others with an implement attached take particular care to
allow for the width of the implement and avoid accidents.

Caution

▶

▶▶

▶ Track adjustment

As some models of TYM are front wheel assist the front track can be set in 2 positions
The rear track can be set in 5 positions as illustrated.

50

Unit : mm(in)

Section-B

Lubrication

&

Maintenance

51

This section gives full details of the service procedures necessary to maintain your Tractor at
peak efficiency while the lubrication and maintenance chart provides a ready reference to these
requirements.

CHECKS AND SERVICE

PRE-START CHECKS

To avoid problems it is recommended that a range of checks be carried out daily before starting the
tractor.

For full details of the items and frequency please refer to the tables on page 57,58, and 59.

▶Engine coolant

Remove the radiator cap and ensure that the coolant is up to
the filler neck and that it is clean with the correct anti-freeze
or anti corrosion inhibitor in it.

If the coolant is a rusty color, drain the system completely and
refill with the correct mixture of water and anti-freeze or
corrosion inhibitor.

▶Engine oil

Pull out the stick, wipe it and dip in the oil sump.
Ensure that oil level is between the upper and lower mark

near the upper mark. If too low add oil, but never excess
100hrs of service interval.

52

important

Do not overfill the crankcase with oil.

▶Transmission oil

Check the level with the dipstick on top of the transmission in rear of the seat.
If the level is low add oil through the filler hole.

Always ensure that you use the correct oil for topping up or oil changes

Caution

▶

▶▶

▶ Fuel

Use the fuel gauge to check the fuel level and top
up if too low.

It is a good practice to refill the tank immediately
after use to avoid condensation

53

▶

▶▶

▶ Tire pressure

The air pressure used in the tires has a direct
bearing on the life of the tire and its
performance in the field.

Ensure that the tire pressures are correct and in
accordance with the table on page

59.

To make a visual judgment see the drawing on
the right.

important

It is strongly recommended that tire pressures are checked with a proper gauge only
& visual inspections are relied upon.

Excess tire pressure can cause accidents!

Danger

▶

▶▶

▶ Steering

Ensure that the steering wheel does not have excessive free play.

▶

▶▶

▶ Brake

Ensure that the left and right brakes are adjusted correctly so they operate simultaneously. The
correct free play on the brake is 1.18-1.57 in (30~40 mm).

▶

▶▶

▶ Clutch

Ensure that the clutch is adjusted correctly.
Correct free play on the clutch pedal is 0.78-1.18 in (20~30mm).

Incorrect clutch adjustment can cause excessive wear and reduced tractor
performance.

Caution

▶

▶▶

▶ Electrical

Check the operation of all gauge, switches, horn, lights and indicators.

▶

▶▶

▶ Installing loader

54

1.Connect P port of loader control valve to the line on the tractor marked P(from the PTO valve)

2.Connect the T port on the loader control valve to the line on the tractor marked T
(to the TPL at the rear of the tractor)

3.Connect the remaining line from the control valve to the line on the tractor marked P1
( to the transmission housing)

▶

▶▶

▶ Detaching the loader

1.Detach the hydraulic hoses of loader

2.Assemble the cap (PF1/2) with pipe comp.(PF1/2)

MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT SCHEDULE

Periodical check and service table

○ Check, Top-up or adjust ● Replace
△ Clean or wash ★ Consult the service Dealer

Division

Item

Daily

Service interval(hour meter,mark) Frequency Comment
501

0
0

1
5
0

2
0
0

2
5
0

3
0
0

3
5
0

4
0
0

4
5
0

5
0
0

5
5
0

6
0
0

Engine
oil

○ ● ● ● ● ● ●

Change every
100 hours

To correct level on
the dipstick

Air
cleaner

△ △ △ △ △ ●

Clean every
100 hours

Radiator
coolant

○

Check daily
top up if
required

See page 54

Radiator

○

Check daily
for damages
leakage

55

Engine

Fuel

○

Fill tank

Fuel
filter

○ △ ○ △ ● ○ ○ △ ○ △ ●

Fan belt

○

Check daily See page 71.

Battery

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Check daily

Oil
filter

★ ★

Change every
400 hours

Loose
nuts and
bolts

○

Check daily Tighten

Radiator
hose

clamp

○

Tighten if required

These intervals are for operation under normal conditions and need to be
reviewed under severe conditions to a greater frequency

Caution

Division

Item

Daily

Service interval(hour meter,mark) Frequency Comment
501

0
0

1
5
0

2
0
0

2
5
0

3
0
0

3
5
0

4
0
0

4
5
0

5
0
0

5
5
0

6
0
0

Chassis

Trans
mission oil

○ ● ●

Change every
300 hours after
first 50 hours

Free play
of clutch
pedal

○

Check daily (0.78-1.18in)

Free play
of brake
pedal

○

Check daily (1.18-1.57)

State of
both brake
pedals

○

Check daily Adjust so that both

operate
simultaneously and
brake at the same
time

Operation

○

Check daily Smooth operation

56

of each

lever
Free play

of steering
wheel

○

Check daily About 50mm

(1.97 in) of wheel
circumference

Toe-in

★ ★

Check every
300 hours

(0.08-0.24in)

Grease in
front
wheel hub

Grease every
900 hours

Check the
steering

wheel joint

○

Adjust every
300 hours

Wheel nut
fastening
torque

○

Check daily Tighten if loose

Front:116-130(ft-lbs)
Rear:268-282(ft-lbs)

Operation
of the

instrument

○

Check daily

Division

Item

Daily

Service interval(hour meter,mark) Frequency Comment
501

0
0

1
5
0

2
0
0

2
5
0

3
0
0

3
5
0

4
0
0

4
5
0

5
0
0

5
5
0

6
0
0

Chassis

Adjustment
of the
throttle
pedal

Check every 300
hours

Grease each
nipple

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Replenish every 50
hours (everyday in
dusty conditions)

Loose bolts
and nuts

○

Check daily Tighten to proper torque

Check the
leakage of
oil at the
clutch
chamber

Check once a
year with the
lower plug
pulled out

Hydraulic
oil filter

● ●

Change every
300 hours

57

Oil of the

4WD front
axle

●○○○○○○

Check every 100

hours. Change
every 600 hours

Replace if leaking

Check the
electric

wiring

○

Check every
year

Without loose or
broken terminals.
Without damaged or
missing wiring.

Correctly clamped

Tire

DIVISION SIZE Air pressure (PSI) MODEL

Front 9.5~16 30 psi T431

/T451

Rear 13.6~26 21.3 psi

FILLING DIAGRAM & CAPACITY TABLE

No. Filling point Fillings Quantity Liter (gal.)

MODEL T431/T451
1 RADIATOR Fresh clean Water(L.L.C) 9ℓ(2.38 US gal)
2 ENGINE API : CD/CE grades

Above:25°C(77°F)…SAE30 or 10W-30
0°C to 25°C(32°F to 77°F)…SAE20 or

10W30
Below 0°C(32°F)…SAE 10W or 10W-30

7.0ℓ (1.85 gal)

3 TRANSMISSION CASE See next page * 34ℓ(9 US gal)
4 FRONT AXLE Gear oil #80 or #90 8.8ℓ(2.32 US gal)
5 FINAL DRIVE CASE(B) Gear oil #80 or #90

6 Clutch pedal shaft Grease As required
7 BALL JOINT Grease As required
8 FUEL TANK Diesel fuel 43.5ℓ(11.49 US gal)

58

Recommended Transmission oil

① RPM Tractor Hydraulic Fluid or Textron TDH Premium (CALTEX)
② TDH Oil or TDH Oil special (TEXACO)
③ Chevron 1000THF (CHEVRON)

Opening method of each cover

▶

▶▶

▶ Opening method of Hood

With the hood up,the hard nose can be removed by pulling forward,having first detached the hood
lamp wiring harness.

59

▶

▶▶

▶ Opening the Side cover

To open, grasp the side cover, Pull the forward panel
upward to separate from guide support pin (1).

And pull the side panel forward again,

▶

▶▶

▶ Fuel

Use clean diesel fuel only

important

As diesel fuel equipment is susceptible to contamination by dust or water,
Ensure that all dust and water is kept well away from the fuel tank

BLEEDING THE FUEL SYSTEM

1) Fuel filter cock 「 ON 」

2) Open the cock on the fuel injection pump

3) Fill the tank with fuel and turn the ignition key to on.

60

4) Start the engine and allow it to run for a while

5) Close the fuel injection pump cock.

6) The bleeding of the system is now finished.

CHANGING THE OILS IN THE TRACTOR

Always use quality oils as engine or transmission oil (refer to the page 61)
Refer to the table on page 60,61 and 62 for the change frequency.

▶

▶▶

▶ Changing engine oil.

Park tractor on level surface, shut-off engine
Remove sump plug & drain oil.
Replace and check the sump plug and refill the engine with oil

to the correct level on the dipstick (approx. 1.85 gal)
The grade of oil to be used will depend on the ambient
temperature.
The tractor is shipped from the factory with 10W/30
For summer use over 77℉ use SAE 30
For temperatures from 32℉-77℉ use SAE20 or 10W/30
For temperatures below 32℉ use SAE 10W

important

When changing the oil always change the filter.
Always use the same oil, as using different oils or specifications can cause damage.
Dispose off the old oil as per local regulations.

▶

▶▶

▶ Changing the transmission oil

Remove the drain plug from bottom of the transmission
and drain the oil.

Replace and check the drain plug.

Refill the transmission to the correct level on the dipstick
with new oil :qty 34ℓ(9 US gal)

61

important

Always use the same grade and specified oil as
replacements

Dispose off the old oil as per local regulations.

▶Changing the front axle oil

Drain the oil from the left and right drain plugs.
Replace and check the drain plugs.
Fill with new oil to the correct level in the filler hole
(qty 8.8ℓ) (2.32 US gal)

CLEANING AND CHANGING FILTERS

■ Engine oil filter
Using a filter wrench turn the filter anti clockwise to

remove it. Lightly smear the rubber seal on the new
filter with oil to ensure, turn it clockwise until the seal
contacts the base and then turn it another 2/3 turn to
tighten it.

■ FUEL FILTER
This is the primary filter and removes water and

coarse dirt from the fuel. To clean it first close the
tap then remove the filter and wash it.

62

After replacing it bleed the air from the filter

important

Never use petrol (gasoline) thinner or similar inflammable material to wash the
primary fuel filter.

After replacing the filter always bleed the system (see page 57)

▶

▶▶

▶ HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER

Remove the filter with a filter wrench.
To replace, apply oil or grease on the seal, fit by hand until seal contacts bare, then turn it 2/3rdturn

further to tighten it check for leaks.

63

CHANGING THE COOLANT

(1) Open the tap in front of the gear pump to drain the coolant.
(2) Open the radiator cap at the same time.
(3) To give a thorough clean run a hose into the radiator and

flush it out.

(4) Close the tap and refill the radiator with a coolant

mixture of water and corrosion inhibitor or anti freeze.

(5) Start the engine and allow it to run for approx 5 minutes,

check the water level again and top up if required

Do not remove the radiator cap on a hot engine.
Allow the engine to cool down and then turn the cap slowly to ensure, that there

64

is no excessive pressure in the radiator.

Caution

Serious burns, can result from the contents of pressurized, hot radiators.
Allow the engine to cool down completely before opening radiator cap.

Caution

▶

▶▶

▶ Anti freeze.

Frozen cooling water can damage the engine.
Before replacing the anti freeze solution flush the radiator.
Mix the anti freeze solution in accordance with the instructions applicable to the brand of anti
freeze and the locals climate.
Replace the solution in the radiator.
In case of loss of solution due to evaporation or overflow, replace with the original mixture ratio.

▶

▶▶

▶ CLEANING THE RADIATOR AND COVER

Insects, grass straw and dust can all block the
radiator ,condenser and reduce its efficiency.

Remove the radiator cover to clean it and the radiator.
Release the bolt and pull to remove the cover.
Then clean the radiator between the fins and tube by

using clean water.

important

Water or air under high pressure can distort the cooling fins on the radiator and reduce
its efficiency.

GREASING THE TRACTOR

Grease the tractor according to the service schedule (page 56 and 57)
Ensure that grease nipples are cleaned well before any attempt is made to grease them.

65

Grease nipple

Grease nipple

GAP ADJUSTMENT ON THE FRONT AXLE

Lift the front with a hydraulic jack to get the wheels of
the ground.

Then loosen the nut and tighten the bolt fully and turn
the bolt ½ to loosen again in order to roll the center
pivot metal freely and tighten the nut again.

While the wheels arte still off the ground, move the
axle on the center pivot as a final check that the gap is
set correctly on the top of the pivot metal

Front axle

Backward Forward

Nut

Bolt

ADJUSTING THE CLUTCH

Using the clutch over a period of time will increase the
free play.

The correct free play of the pedal is 0.78~1.18 in

To adjust, loosen the locknut on the turnbuckle and

66

adjust.

Check the adjustment and tighten the locknut if the
free play is correct.

ADJUSTING THE BRAKES

As is the case with the clutch, use of the brakes will
change the pedal free play and the balance between
the right and left pedal.

The correct pedal free play is 1.18~ 1.57 in

▶

▶▶

▶Adjustment method.

Loosen the locknuts at each end and turn the rod to adjust the brake.
Turning it anticlockwise increases the free play, clockwise decreases it.
Tighten the locknuts.
Check that the free play is correct and the same on both pedals to ensure even braking

Uneven adjustment of the left and right pedal will result in one sided braking
when the pedals are connected and can cause serious accidents, especially at
high speeds.

Double check to ensure free play is the same on both pedals

Caution

ADJUSTING THE THROTTLE LEVER

If this lever is either loose or difficult to move please consult your dealer for rectification of the
problem.

ADJUSTING TOE-IN

If the toe-in adjustment is incorrect it can cause severe shaking of both the steering wheel and the entire
tractor.

The correct toe in is 0.08~0.24in. We recommend that this adjustment is made by the dealer.

CHECKING THE BATTERY

The electrolyte level of the battery can evaporate during use

67

thus lowering the level.

Where it does so replace it with distilled water.
Where a spillage has reduced the level, replace it with

electrolyte.

Electrolyte contains acid and can cause serious burns.
Any spillage on skin should be washed off by running water immediately.

Caution

important

Low electrolyte levels can cause premature battery failure and corrosion.

▶

▶▶

▶BATTERY MAINTENANCE

Low temperatures will affect the performance of batteries so take particular care of it in winter.
For long-term storage of the tractor remove the battery and keep it in a cool dry room.
If it is on the tractor while stored, disconnect the negative terminal.
Batteries will self discharge if left for a period of without use time.
To keep them in good condition charge them once a month in summer and every second month in
winter.
When replacing the original battery, ensure that the replacement battery is the same size.
Failure to do so can cause problems with the electrical circuit.

▶

▶▶

▶BATTERY CHARGING

-A boost charge is only for emergencies.It will partially charge
the battery at a high rate and in a short time.

-When using a boost-charged battery,It is necessary to recharge
the battery as early as possible.
Failure to do this will shorten the battery’s service life.

68

Always disconnect the negative terminal first when removing the battery and
always connect the positive terminal first when fitting the battery.

When connecting the battery leads make sure not to reverse the polarity.
Quick charging will reduce battery life.
Disconnect the terminals prior to charging the battery to avoid damage to the

circuit and electrical instruments.

Caution

FAN BELT ADJUSTMENT

Check the fan belt tension regularly and adjust if
required.
The correct tension is if the center of the belt is
pushed.
With a finger it moves in approx. 7 to 9 mm
(0.28 to 0.35 in) as shown in the picture.
To adjust the fan belt loosen the top bolt on the
alternator,
Move the alternator to the desired position and
tighten the bolt.
Also ensure that the bolts at the bottom of the
alternator are tight.

SERVICING THE AIR CLEANER

To remove the dust from the evacuator valve squeeze it
between thumb and fingers to let excess dust out and wipe
around the valve to keep it clean from outside.

To clean the main element, remove the right fan cover.
Remove the element by unloading the wing nut.
Remove dust by blowing it out of the element with
Compressed air.Check the element to ensure it is not
damaged.Reassemble the element.

AIR CONDITIONER COMPRESSOR BELT ADJUSTMENT

Check the compressor belt tension regularly and adjust
If required.
The correct tension is if the center of the belt is
Pushed With a finger it moves in approx. 10 mm (0.39 in)
as shown in the picture.
To adjust the belt, loosen or tighten the nut as shown in
the picture.

important

Never beat the element on a stone or concrete floor/wall to clean it Check all

connections and hoses especially on the clean side of the air cleaner to ensure no
dusty air can enter the engine.

Check the element for flaws by putting a light inside the element.
When reassembling make sure all surfaces seal correctly to keep dust out.
When working in dusty conditions increase the service frequency.

▶Replace the element after cleaning it 5 times or it is damaged.

CHECKING HOSES AND LINES.

The fuel lines, radiator hoses, hydraulic and rubber hoses are consumables, which deteriorate by age
and use.

Check them regularly and replace if faulty.

Damaged fuel lines leak and cause fires.
Damaged radiator hoses can cause hot water burns and in severe cases seize

the engine.

Caution

69

CHECKING THE WIRING HARNESS AND FUSES

Loose wires make inferior connections and damaged wires can cause short circuits, fires burnt wiring
or reduce efficiency of components.

Replace or repair any faulty wiring or insulation.
If a fuse burns out again after it has been replaced, do not replace it with wire or a high capacity fuse,

find the cause and rectify it or get an auto electrician to do so.
Where insulation is chafed or peeled off, recover the area with a good quality insulation tape. Where

wiring comes out of it’s fitting replace it correctly with the standard fitting.

important

Incorrect wiring or fuses can cause fires to both the tractor and surrounding area so
get the dealer to check it annually.

Likewise fuel pipes and wiring age with use.
Ask your dealer to check it at least once every 2 years and replace as required

▶ REPLACING FUSES

The circuit has 8 blade type fuses in its wiring circuit
(See diagram on page 90 and 91)
When a fuse has blown replace it with one of the same value.

70

Using a large capacity fuse or wire burn out the wiring system.

Use fuse tongs to replace fuses

▶

▶▶

▶ MAIN FUSES

The wiring harness is equipped with 3 main fuses who’s
function is to preserve the wiring.
However when a main fuse blows the entire circuit is dead.
Always check the reason & rectify before replacing the
fuse of the same value.
To indicate that the fuse is blown it will be discolored.

important

Always check the reason for a blown fuse otherwise the new fuse is also likely to blow.

NEVER EVER USE WIRE in place of correct grade fuse.

SERVICE PRIOR TO DAILY AND SHORT TERMS STORAGE.

Wash the tractor and keep it clean.
Fill the tank to avoid condensation and rust.
Lower any attached implement to the ground before parking the tractor.
For long-term storage consult your dealer

3.MAINTENANCE

For daily or short term storage

Clean the tractor and remove all dirt from field work.
Fill the fuel tank to avoid condensation and rust.
Lower the implement to the ground..
Keep it in a machinery shed or, if not available cover the unit if left outside.
In very cold conditions it is advisable to remove the battery and keep it inside in a warm

environment.
This will ensure effective starting when the tractor is required.
When the outside temperature is below 32℉, replace the Antifreeze completely or drain the

coolant to protect the engine from damage from frozen coolant.

important

When washing the tractor ensure that the water does not get near electrical
components or the oil filter points.

To prevent short circuits remove the ignition key.
Do not wash the tractor when the engine is running.

71

Long-term storage.

When the tractor will not be used for a long time carry out the cleaning as for short term storage.
Drain the oil and replace with new oil.
Run the engine for approx. 5 min. to ensure that it has new oil throughout the engine.
Drain the coolant from the radiator and remove the ignition key.
Attach a tag both the key and the steering wheel saying” No coolant”.
Lubricate all grease and oil points on the tractor.
Check the pressures and add a small amount of extra pressure.
Lower any implement to the ground or store in a shady dry place.
Disconnect the clutch by using the clutch disconnecting arm.
Place a piece of wood under each tire to preserve the tire.

important

After refilling the engine with the coolant run the engine for approx. 5-10 min. at
1500-2000rpm every month as a corrosion prevention measure.

Either removes the battery or the negative terminal as mouse damage to wiring can
cause short circuits and fires.

Remove the ignition key and store in a safe place.

72

Re-use after long term storage.

Carry out a full check of all oils and coolant.
Refit the battery and run the engine at idle for 30 min. to ensure optimum engine life.

Section - C

CABIN

The cab fully conforms to the international standard as far as safety and soundproofing are concerned.
It can be provided with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning system.
It is available in the following version.:

● Cab with ventilation and heating systems

● Cab with ventilation, heating and air-conditioning systems.

The cab is in full conformity with the international standards as to the cab’s
soundproofing.

Be very careful when operating in small spaces and always protect your ears
whenever other working equipment is generating dangerous noise levels.

73

Remember that steering, braking and operational performances are highly influenced
by the implements mounted, the trailers transported and the ballasts applied to the
tractor.

When transporting heavy loads (exceeding the weight of the tractor) reduce the
speed under 15 Km/h..

All the implements mounted onto the tractor must be safely secured.

Be very careful during implement hitching and unhitching operations. When using
implement supports, be sure they are suitable and sufficiently strong.

Doors

:

Instrument and Related parts.

:

The doors are provided with key locks.
To open from the outside, when unlocked, depress the push button.
To open from inside, push the lever downwards.

Rear Window:

The rear window is fitted with central handle for opening.
When opened it is held in place by two dampers.

Side Window:

The side window is fitted with central handle for opening.
When opened it is held in place by holder.

74

Working lamps (front and rear) :

the working lamps are located on the cab roof (two in the
front and two in the rear) .They are switched on by means
of the special switches on the roof console

Rearview mirrors.:
the cab is provided with rearview mirrors on both sides. They can be adjusted and folded, whenever

necessary, to avoid interference with external obstacles.
The mirror have a telescopic arm to allow positioning for maximum convenience by the user.
Remember that mirrors must always be positioned in compliance with road traffic regulations when

driving on a public highway.

Cab ceiling:

The ceiling is padded with insulation material to block heat radiation into the cab and keep the
temperature down when working in very sunny areas.

The cab platform is covered with a “firm grip” carpet in the most commonly used areas.
It is recommended to keep this carpet clear of earth, mud, etc. so that the operator may get on and off

the tractor in full safety.

How to Controls Cabin

75

VENTILATION

The ventilation unit is housed in the cab ceiling.
To switch it on and adjust it, turn the electrical fan switch to the desired speed.
The cab becomes slightly pressurized when the ventilation system is in operation, so that the fresh
air can enter only by way of the filter installed in the rear section of the cab roof.

The fan switch can be operated only after the ignition key is inserted.
The air flow can be regulated and directed by suitable positioning the air diffusers.
Air can be taken in fresh from outside or recirculated from within the cab by way of the relative
side inlets
Recirculation inlets fully closed:
air is taken in entirely from outside the cab through the rear grille and filtered through a paper
element positioned behind the grille.

N.B-it is very important that the air diffusers never be completed closed so as to allow for a steady
air flow.
To obtain a greater pressurization inside the cab, it is necessary to take the air from the outside,
therefore the inside air recirculatiing grille should be fully closed.

Working lamp switch

The front and rear working lights are ON when
push the button.The work light indicator lamp on

the instrument cluster will illuminate.

Wiper control switch
ON switch

-Wind screen wiper operation

-Continuous pushing button operates wiper and

washer pump

OFF switch

-Wind screen wiper Off and operates washer

pump

Windscreen Washer tank

Check the level of windscreen washer fluid in the
plastic reservoir located at the front of the radiator

During winter,it is advisable to add a suitable antifreeze
or methyl alcohol to the windscreen washer fluid.

Interior Lamp

Push the button to light on
And push it again to light off

76

Blower control switch

Three position rocker switch

Air conditioner switch

To operate the air conditioner,the blower must be on.The blower speed temperature control and all
vents must be adjusted to obtain the best cooling for the ambient temperature and dust conditions.
Under normal operating conditions,and the windows and doors closed,temperatures in the cab of 6ºC
to 15 ºC (10 ºF to 25 ºF) less than the ambient temperature will occur.When operating the air
conditioner system,the moisture level is decreased.

Temperature control

Set temperature control as required,fully clockwise
For maximum cool and fully counterclockwise for

heat

Circulation diffuses

With the circulation vent set in any position
outside Air will still be pulled into the cab.

NOTE:

1) During cold weather,with ambient temperature above 0 ºC (32 ºF) operate the air conditioner at
least once per month,for a period of 10 to 15 minutes.This will lubricate the seals to prevent them

becoming brittle and help prevent the loss of refrigerant from the system.

2) The system is equipped with an environmentally safe refrigerant,R134a.Never recharge the air
conditioning system with refrigerant other than R134a as this will result in loss of cooling and
permanent damage to all air conditioning components

77

Heating system

General description
The heater is switched on and adjusted by rotating the control knob at the roof console, then switching

on the blower and setting the selector at the preferred speed .

To warn the cab up quickly, the knob should be rotated fully clockwise and the blower set to speed 3.

The screen is demisted or defrosted by air directed through a slot vent . For defrost or fast demist, all
other vents should be closed off.

IMPORTANT:

Ventilation is provided by a single blower unit serving both the heating system and the air conditioning
system.
After reaching the desired temperature adjust the system to suit your needs.

Note:

-For ideal system operation, the engine must run at a minimum of 1000 rpm

2. Speed heating fan 3.Electric resistances 4.Air filter 5.Recirculation inlets

6.Pivotal air diffuser

Warning

Before starting the engine, make sure the system is off ( by turning off the ventilation fan)
so as not to overload the battery.

After the system at full power for a long period of time, never turn it off suddenly but let
it first idle for about 20 seconds.

78

SYSTEM CONFIGULATION

1.The heating system consist of two units:
1-Electric heater and blower unit installed behind roof console.
2-Power supplying set, consisting of an auxiliary alternator located front of the engine

and driven by a belt directly linked to the engine pulley.
If the air does not come out from the diffusers right away as soon as the system is started, turn
off immediately and identify the fault.

N.B-Never turn on the heating system when working in dusty environments.

2) Compressor belt adjustment

Check the compressor belt tension regularly and
adjust If required.
The correct tension is if the center of the belt is
Pushed With a finger it moves in approx. 10 mm
(0.39 in)as shown in the picture.
To adjust the belt, loosen or tighten the nut as shown
in the picture.

79

Air conditioning system

The system is designed to ensure optimum temperature inside the cab and maximum comfort and safety
for the operator.
However, it is advisable to consult our specialized workshops whenever repairs or adjustments need to
be performed.
Do not approach the system with open flames, as any escape from the circuit may produce a lethal gas.

1.Alternator 2. Compressor 3.Speed fan 4.Electric resistance

5.Evaporator 6. Condenser 9.Air filter 10.Recirculation inlets

11.Pivotal air diffusers

80

Roof hatch( if equipped)

Ventilation-push the latch towards the front of the tractor
and then push the hatch up.

Emergency Exit-Push firmly upwards to release the
support struts from the lower retainer clips.

Cab Air intake filter

The《Paper》 filter is not suitable for the treatment of
pesticides and so must be replaced by an《ACTIVE
CARBON》FILTER available optionally.Once the
pesticide treatment is finished, it is necessary to once
again replace the “ACTIVE CARBON” filter with the
paper filter, since this is the only type suited for filtering
foreign particles from the air.

-

ACTIVE CARBON filter is informed to parts catalogue

Warning

Cab air filters remove dust in the air,but are not capable of removing chemicals used in
spraying crops or in weed control.Many chemicals used for these purposes are toxic when
improperly used.and can be hazardous to operators and others in the area.Follow the
instructions of manufacturers of both the equipment and the chemicals regarding
prohibition of dust or spray,personal hygiene practices,and other precautions noted by the
manufacturers.

Radio cassette( If equipped)

For operation refer to the radio manufacturers
instructions.

Ash tray

Located at left side of near side window in cabin

81

1. SAFETY PROCEDURES.

Warning

This safety alert symbol indicates important safety messages in this manual. when
you see this symbol, carefully read the message that follows and be alert to the
possibility of personal injury or death

Refrigerant R134a is the most stable and easiest to
work with refrigerants now in use in air conditioner
systems. Refrigerant R134a does not contain any
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) which are harmful to
the earth’s ozone layer.

Safety procedures must be followed when working
with Refrigerant R134a to prevent possible personal
injury.

1.Always wear safety goggles when doing any
service work near an air conditioner system.
Liquid refrigerant getting into the eyes can cause
serious injury. Do the following if you get
refrigerant near or in your eyes.

A.Flush your eyes with water for 15 minutes.
B. See a physician immediately.

3.Keep refrigerant containers in the correct
upright position. Always keep refrigerant
containers away from heat or sunlight.
The pressure in a container will increase
with heat.

4.Always reclaim refrigerant from the
system, if you are going to weld or steam
clean near the air conditioner system.

5.Always check the temperature and pressure

of the air conditioner system before
reclaiming the refrigerant and when you
test the system.

6.Never leak test the system using a flame

tester. Dangerous gas can form when
refrigerant comes in contact with an open

2. A drop of liquid refrigerant on your skin will

cause frostbite. Open the fittings carefully and
slowly when it is necessary to service the air
conditioner system.
Your skin must be treated for frostbite or a
physician must be seen if you get refrigerant on
your skin.

flame. Never permit fumes to be inhaled.

7. Never leak or pressure test the system

with compressed air or oxygen.
Refrigerant R134a in the presence of air
or oxygen above atmospheric pressure can
form a combustible gas.

Caution

Never operate the engine in a closed building. Proper ventilation is required under all
circumstances.

Caution

Never touch liquid refrigerant, since even a small drop on your skin will cause severe
and painful frostbite. Always wear protective gloves.

Caution

Always wear safety goggles when working with liquid refrigerant.
Liquid refrigerant in your eyes could cause blindness.

Caution

DO NOT use steam to clean any air conditioner system parts while the system is
charged. The heat may cause the refrigerant to rise in pressure that can cause the
system to explode

82

2. OPERATION

The air conditioner system contains five major components: Compressor, receiver drier, expansion
valve and evaporator. These components are connected by tubes and hoses and operate as a closed
system. The air conditioner system is charged with R-134a refrigerant..

The compressor receives the refrigerant as a low pressure gas. The compressor then compresses the
refrigerant and sends it in the form of a high-pressure high temperature gas to the condenser. The
airflow through the condenser then removes the heat from the refrigerant. As the heat is removed the
refrigerant changes to the high-pressure liquid.

The high-pressure refrigerant liquid then flows from the condenser to the receiver drier. The receiver
drier is a container filled with moisture removing material, which removes any moisture that may have
entered the air conditioner system in order to prevent corrosion of the internal components of the
system.

The refrigerant still in a high pressure liquid form, then flows from the receiver drier to the expansion
valve then causes a restriction in flow of refrigerant to the evaporator core, lowering the pressure of
the liquid.

As the refrigerant flows through the evaporator core the refrigerant is heated by the air around and
flowing through the evaporator fins. The combination of increased heat and decreased pressure causes
the refrigerant to evaporate an d form a low pressure gas.

The evaporation causes the airflow through the evaporator fins to become very cool. The cool air then
passes from the evaporator to the operators cab.

The low pressure refrigerant gas return to the compressor to repeat the cycle.

83

3. Checking the air conditioning system.

① Economic friendly refrigerant : R134a 0.7∼0.85Kg.
The presence of air and water in the system could jeopardize its efficiency.

-The air is uselessly compressed by the compressor and no cooling effect is produced.

-The moisture has a tendency rise to obstructions which prevent the cooling efficiency.

② Check belt tension ; when finger pressure is applied to the mid-point between both pulleys.
③ Condenser fins must always be duly clean using water or an air set.

4. Checking the air conditioning system charge

(1) Check the refrigerant charge.

A. Run the engine at 1500rpm
B. Set the air conditioning system in the coldest for 5 minutes.
C. Check sight glass for clear sight or cloudy

Caution

If the air conditioning system is operated without being charged.
The lubrication in the compressor can cause damage.

(2) Check the refrigerant with receive drier sight glass

Bubbles or foam visible Trouble shoot

●

●●

● Bubbles flow and

refrigerant gas
disappeared like a fog
flows

● Deficient of refrigerant
Replenish

● Nothing different temperature

between H.L pipe

●

●●

● High pressure of the pressure

gauge needle indicates low pressure

Abnormal

●

●●

●Same bubble appeared

occasionally
(1~2 sec. gap)

● Replenish the refrigerant

● High pressure pipe is hot and low

pressure pipe is a little cool.

●

●●

●H.L pressure of the pressure gauge

needle indicates low pressure.

Abnormal

84

Bubbles or foam visible Trouble shoot

● No bubble shown
High-pressure pipe is hot
abnormally.
H-L pressure of the
pressure gauge needle
indicates high pressure
abnormally

●Too much of refrigerant deflate.

●High pressure pipe is not abnormal

● H.L pressure of the pressure

gauge needle indicates high
abnormally.

Abnormal

● Refrigerant in the

sight is shown clearly

● When engine RPM

operates with high low
some bubbles disappear

slowly

● Normal refrigerant gas situation

● High pressure pipe is hot

Low pressure pipe is cool

● High low pressure is normal
with below.

Low: 1.5~2.0kg/㎡
High: 14.5~15kg/㎡

normal

5.Diagnosing malfunctions.

(1) Tracing faults

SYMPTOM CONDITION CAUSE REMEDY

1.Compressor Abnormal sound Inlet sound
Outlet sound

Insufficient Lub. Replenish
Belt tension release Adjust
Release the bracket Tighten the bolts
Clutch fail Check

Abnormal
revolution

Inlet cause Damaged parts Check,replace

Slip the clutch Check,replace
Not Lub. Replenish

Outlet cause Belt tension

released

Adjust

Refrigerant or

oil leakage

Refrigerant or oil
leakage

Sealing washer
damaged

replace

Head bolt released Tighten the bolts
D-ring damaged Replace

Excessive

pressure

Low,High pressure Insufficient

refrigerator

Adjust

Compressor Replace

85

SYMPTOM CONDITION CAUSE REMEDY

2.Motor Weak from
pressure or
don”t work

Motor is normal Air inlet clogged Remove

Evaporator freezing Controlling

minimum pressure

Ventilator switch
damage

Replace the switch

Compressor Replace

Motor is abnormal Motor failure Replace

Wire cut Replace

Air leakage Duct leakage Check,tighten

Unable to
control the fan

Motor Air volume control

switch failure

Check,tighten

Motor is abnormal Motor failure Replace

3. Clutch Noise Regular noise

Irregular noise

Interference with
pulley

Control the
compressor
direction

Disengage Engaged sometimes Wire defect Check wire

Engaged to push

with hand

Clutch gap large

Adjust

Low voltage Check battery

No defect wire malfunction Replace

Slip Slip during rotation Low voltage Check battery

Oil stick at clutch Clean
Malfunction Replace

(2) How to check the air conditioning system with the needle of high low gauge

To connect with manifold pressure gauge can find the cause of air conditioning system.
Because manifold pressure gauge is various sensibly (Ambient Temp. is based on 30~35℃)

Caution:

Operating E/G RPM 1500~2000 is must, and so to that you can check the correct cause
and air conditioning.
(In case below the figure of indicated pressure gauge has some clearance, confirm with approximate
indicated needle data.)

Gauge pressure conversion

● lb/in²=PSI

●1 kg/㎠=14.223 lb/in²

(Ex) 200 PSI=14 kgf/㎠

86

Specifications

Section - C

87

The specifications on the following pages are given for your information and guidance. For further
information concerning your Tractor and equipment, consult your Authorized

TYM

Dealer/Distributor.

TYM Co.LTD. policy is one of continuous improvement and the right to change prices,

specifications or equipment at any time without notice is reserved.
All date given in this book is subject to production variations. Dimensions and weights are

approximate only and the illustrations do not necessary show Tractors in standard condition. For
exact information about any particular Tractor, please consult your TYMAuthorized
Dealer/Distributor.

SPECIFICATIONS

Model: T431/T451

ENGINE
Four strokes, Direct injection, water-cooled
Diesel Engine.

Model :V2203-E
No. of cylinders :4
Swept Volume :134.08 in³
Bore :3.43 in
Stroke :3.63 in
Compression Ratio :23:1
Horse Power (PS) :43/2600 rpm
(Manufacturing rating)
Rated Speed :2,600 rpm
High idle rpm :3,000 rpm
Low idle rpm :700 to 750
Fuel injection pump :Throttle type
Cylinder sleeve :Dry
Air Cleaner : Dry Filter element,

paper element filtering type.

Exhaust Muffler : Horizontal Round.

CLUTCH
Type : Dry single plate

Outer dia. X Inner dia. : 10.26 X 6.69″

TRANSMISSION

Type : synchro mesh
No. of gears :16 forward,

16 reverse gears
with high and low
selection lever with
Differential Lock

STEERING : Hydraulic power

(Power steering)

POWER TAKE OFF

Rear mounted : 6 splines
Diameter : 1⅜ in.
Standard PTO : ①540@2,524 engine RPM

②700@2,582 engine RPM
③1000@2460 engine RPM
④1250@2460 engine RPM

88

Firing order : 1

-3-4-

2

Accelerator : Hand & Foot Accelerator

ELECTRICAL STARTING AND LIGHTING

Battery Capacity : 12 Volt 110AH
Starter :Solenoid Engaged.

Key Start with Safety ,

starter switch
Alternator :12V 50A
Instrumentation :Water Temperature Gauge,

Taco meter, Hour meter,

Electrical fuel level gauge.

Lighting: Head lights, side indicators,

Rear parking,, brake &

indicator light, Front

parking & indicator light,

On dash board indicators

for battery charging, turn

signal, PTO signal, Engine

oil pressure, Preheat signal.

BRAKES

Foot operated, independent with provision of
inter lock for simultaneous operation. A foot
brake is fitted for parking.
Disc Diameter :7.24 in
Number of lining :5.5 each side
Total brake thickness : 2.299 in

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Independent fully”Live”hydraulic pump
and separate reservoir.Position controls with
isolating & response control

Working Pressure :2,400 lbs/ in² to

2,600 lbs/ in²
Max.Lifting Force at
Lower Link hitch point :2,865 lbs
Pump output :7.87 gal/min.
3 point linkage : category 1

adjustable outside
check chains.

▶

▶▶

▶ MAIN SPECIFICATIONS

Model T431/T451

Dimensions

Overall length (mm) 3,500(138")
Overall width(mm) 1,500 (59")
Overall height(mm) 2,320 (91")
Distance between

shafts(mm)

1,900 (75")

Tread(mm) Front 1,284~1,346

(46.9”~52.99”)

Rear 1,260~1480

(49.6"~58.3”)

Least ground clearance 320 mm(12.6")

Weight (kg) 1,986 (4,378 lbs)

Engine

Name V2203
Type

Water cooled 4 cycle
diesel engine

Displacement (CC) 2,197

Traveling Speed(Mile/h)

Linear

Sub

shift

Main

shift

Forward

(mile/h)

Reverse
(mile/h)

F

(R)

L
L

1 0.21 0.19
2 0.30 0.28
3 0.41 0.37
4 0.54 0.49

L 1 0.65 0.60

2 0.92 0.84
3 1.24 1.14
4 1.64 1.50

M 1 1.82 1.66

2 2.55 2.33
3 3.46 3.16

89

Engine

Output/speed(PS/rpm)

43/2600

Fuel Diesel fuel
Fuel tank capacity 43.5
Starting system

Starting with motor

Tire Front 9.5-16 PR

Rear 13.6-26 PR

Body Clutch system Dry single type

Braking system Wet disc type

Steering system Hydraulic

Diff system Bevel gear(Diff-lock)

Shift method Synchromesh
Minimum turning radius(m) 2.4 (94.4")
Shifting

stages

Forward 16 stage

Reverse 16 stages
PTO Shaft (mm) Ø35(1⅜),6 splines
Lifter Control Position ,Draft

Mounting CAT 1 type

4

4.54

4.15

H 1 6.12 5.60

2 8.60 7.86
3 11.65 10.65
4 15.29 13.98

*The specifications are subject to

change for improvement without
notice.

FUEL SAVING TIPS

To save fuel & oil in your tractor, following things should always be kept in mind.

A) Air cleaning system

1) Clean the air cleaner regularly so that dust does not settle down.

2) For every 50 hours & everyday in sandy/dusty conditions.

(a) Clean the air cleaner filter element with compressed air.
(b) If the rubber ring is cut or expanded then change it with an appropriate one.

Fix the rubber at the proper location & check for leakages if any.

(c ) If air is leaking through the hose connection, check & rectify other leakages, too.

Note: If air cleaning system is not properly maintained, it will lead to early wear of piston rings

& sleeves. This will lead to problems like loss of engine power,, excessive oil consumption
fuel consumption.

B) Engine

1) put the engine oil on load after the engine is heated & the water temperature gauge indicates
the needle to be in the green zone.

2) If excessive black smoke is visible, then the paper element of air cleaner, Fuel injection

Pump or nozzles should be checked.

90

Pump or nozzles should be checked.

3) Do not run the engine without load for more than 2 minutes. It is better to stop the engine
rather than run it idle. This will help in saving of fuel.

C) Clutch & Brakes.

1) Do not reduce the power of the power of the engine by depressing the clutch halfway. Instead
use low gear.

2) If the Tractor has to be stopped for a long period, it is advisable to bring the transmission in
neutral position & release the clutch pedal.

3) Do not over ride the clutch & brake pedals.

4) While coming down from a slope, reduce the engine throttle & use low gear. Do not depend

only on the brakes for stoppage.

D) Fuel system

1) Always use filtered diesel for the fuel system

2) At the end of the day’s working, it is preferable to fill the diesel tank so that it may prevent

condensation.

3) Change the filter, if the system gets choked. Do not change both the filters at the same time.

If the above directives are not adhered to, the fuel injection pump & injection nozzle will lose
its life early. Also, it will lead to excessive black smoke & excessive diesel consumption.

E) Lubrication system

1) Always use recommended grade of oil.

2) Everyday before starting the engine, check the oil level with a dipstick & refill between the
minimum & maximum level.

3) Charge the engine oil, Replace filter & “O” ring, as & when required.

F) Cooling system

1) Check the fan belt tension regularly. Adjust, If required.

2) Check the coolant level in the radiator fins always clean.

3) Replace the radiator cap with a genuine cap only, if required.

4) Do not remove the thermostat but replace with a new one, if required.

5) Do not change the radiator water often.

Note:

1) Always stop any fuel or oil leakages.

2) Carry out the regular maintenance failure to do so might increase the fuel consumption by 25%.

3) Carry out the torque of cylinder head bolt & adjustment of valve clearance regularly. Consult

91

your dealer for this.

4) Check the tire pressure & inflate, as recommended.

5) Always buy genuine spares from the authorized Dealer/Distributor.

6) Always carry out the service of the Tractor by your authorized Dealer/Distributor.

For any other information, contact your nearest Authorized Dealer/Distributor.

SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY

Engine

Turning the main switch
will not operate the starter

Clutch not pushed in
Battery flat

Switch faulty

Push the clutch in
Charge or replace the battery
Dealer to repair or replace
Contact dealer for repair or

replace

Starter operates but not
enough to turn the engine

Low battery
Bad earth
Thick oil

Charge the battery
Clean the earth lead and tighten
Drain and replace with correct

oil

Starter operates OK but
does not start the engine

Air in fuel system
Clogged fuel filter
No fuel being supplied
Glow plug disconnected

or not working

Bleed the system
Clean or replace both filters
Fill tank or turn tap on
Contact dealer for repair.

Engine revolutions are
irregular

Air in the fuel system
Faulty injector

Bleed the system
Contact dealer for repair.

FAULT TRACING

92

Fuel pipe leak

The engine stops at low
revolution

Poor fuel injection
Faulty injection pump
Wrong valve clearance
Wrong idle setting
Faulty injector

Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair

The engine stops suddenly Lack of fuel

Faulty injectors
Seized engine due to lack

of oil, the wrong oil or
lack of coolant

Fill the tank and bleed the fuel
system

Contact dealer for repair

The engine overheats Lack of coolant

Broken or misadjusted fan
belt

Clogged air filter element
Clogged radiator
Low oil

Refill with coolant
Adjust or replace

Clean or replace air filter
Clean the core
Replace the oil to correct grade

SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY

Engine

White smoking from the
exhaust

Oil level too high
Shortage of or faulty fuel

Reduce to correct quantity
Contact dealer for repair

Reduced performance of
the engine

The injectors are clogged,
carbon coated and sticking

Low compression
Leaking valve seat
Incorrect valve gap
Faulty timing
Fuel shortage

Clogged air cleaner

Contact dealer for repair

Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Fill the tank and check fuel

quality
Clean the element

Oil warning light comes
on with the engine
running

Low oil level
Wrong oil
Faulty light or switch
Clogged oil filter

Fill to correct level
Change to correct oil
Replace faulty part
Contact dealer for repair

Alternator light comes on

Wiring fault

Contact dealer for repair

93

with the engine running

Faulty alternator

Low water level or faulty
battery

Broken or loose fan belt

Contact dealer for repair

Top up or replace

Replace or adjust

SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY

Clutch

The clutch slips Incorrect adjustment Adjust to correct free play

Worm or burnt lining Contact dealer for repair

The clutch does not
disengage

Incorrect adjustment
Rusty clutch lining

Adjust to correct free play
Contact dealer for repair

Brake

Brake not working Incorrect free play Worm

or burnt lining Left and
right gap different

Adjust to correct free play
Contact dealer for repair Equalize

Brake pedal not returning Faulty return spring Lack

of grease on the joints

Replace spring
Remove rust and lubricate with

grease

Hydraulic

system

Hydraulics are not lifting Engine revs. too low

Lack of transmission
Oil
Air leaking in from a

pipe

Clogged suction filter

Increase engine revs.
Top up the oil to the correct level
Repair or replace pipe or replace

O ring on joint and tighten

Clean and change oil
Contact dealer for repair

94

Faulty pump
Faulty hydraulic valve
Faulty cylinder

Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair

Oil leak from pipe Loose pipe joint Cracked

pipe

Tighten joint
Replace or repair pipe

When lifting the relief
valve whistles

The stopper has slipped
down

Adjust the stopper

For any other hydraulic problems please consult your dealer who has the correct equipment to
diagnose and repair the system

SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY

Steering

wheel

Steering wheel shaking Wrong toe-in

Unequal tire pressure
Loose component

Adjust toe-in
Inflate both to correct pressure
Tighten or replace if worn

Excessive play in the
steering

Worn steering shaft
Worn components

Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair

Electric instruments

Flat battery Faulty wiring

Faulty alternator
Faulty regulator
Broken or loose fan belt

Repair,reconnect or tighten as
needed

Contact dealer for repair
Contact dealer for repair
Replace or adjust

Before anything else,check the electrolyte level of the battery and the connections.Top up it
required and clean and retighten the terminal

Dim head lights Low battery

Faulty wiring

Charge or replace
Repair or replace as needed

Headlights not working Blown bulb

Blown fuse

Replace bulb
Replace fuse

95

Electric instruments

Faulty contact

Repair or replace and check the

earth

Horn not working Faulty horn button

Faulty wiring
Faulty horn

Replace button
Repair or replace
Replace

Indicator not working Blown bulb

Faulty flasher unit
Faulty wiring

Replace bulb
Replace unit
Repair or replace

T431/T451 WIRING DIAGRAM

96

T431/T451 WIRING DIAGRAM

97

CABIN WIRING DIAGRAM

98

CABIN WIRING DIAGRAM

99