Troy-Bilt CS 4265 series, CS 4325 series Operator's Manual
Safe Operation Practices • Assembly & Set-Up • Operation • Service • Troubleshooting • Warranty
OperatOr’s Manual
Chipper Shredder — Model Series CS 4265 & CS 4325
READ AND FOLLOW ALL SAFETY RULES AND INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL
BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO OPERATE THIS MACHINE.
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THESE INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY.
NOTE: This Operator’s Manual covers several models. Features may vary by model. Not all features in this manual are applicable to all
models and the model depicted may differ from yours.
TROY-BILT LLC, P.O. BOX 361131 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44136-0019
Model CS 4265 Shown
WARNING
Form No. 769-11640
(May 10, 2016)
To The Owner
Thank You
Thank you for purchasing this product. It was carefully engineered
to provide excellent performance when properly operated and
maintained.
Please read this entire manual prior to operating the equipment. It
instructs you how to safely and easily set up, operate and maintain
your machine. Please be sure that you, and any other persons who will
operate the machine, carefully follow the recommended safety practices
at all times. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or property
damage.
All information in this manual is relative to the most recent product
information available at the time of printing. Review this manual
frequently to familiarize yourself with the machine, its features and
operation. Please be aware that this Operator’s Manual may cover a
range of product specifications for various models. Characteristics
and features discussed and/or illustrated in this manual may not be
applicable to all models. We reserve the right to change product
specifications, designs and equipment without notice and without
incurring obligation.
Table of Contents
Safe Operation Practices ........................................ 3
Assembly & Set-Up .................................................. 5
Controls & Operation .............................................. 6
Service ...................................................................... 8
1
If applicable, the power testing information used to establish the power
rating of the engine equipped on this machine can be found at www.
opei.org or the engine manufacturer’s web site.
If you have any problems or questions concerning the machine, phone
your local Troy-Bilt dealer or contact us directly. Troy-Bilt’s Customer
Support telephone numbers, website and mailing address can be found
on this page. We want to ensure your complete satisfaction at all times.
Throughout this manual, all references to right and left side of the
machine are observed from the operating position
The engine manufacturer is responsible for all engine-related issues
with regards to performance, power-rating, specifications, warranty and
service. Please refer to the engine operator manual, packed separately
with your machine, for more information.
Troubleshooting .....................................................10
Replacement Parts .................................................11
Warranty ................................................................. 12
Record Product Information
Before setting up and operating your new equipment, please locate
the model plate on the equipment and record the information in the
provided area to the right. You can locate the model plate by standing
at the operator’s position and looking down at the frame below the
engine. This information will be necessary, should you seek technical
support via our web site, Customer Support Department, or with a local
authorized service dealer.
Model NuMber
Serial NuMber
Customer Support
Please do NOT return the machine to the retailer or dealer without first contacting our Customer Support Department.
If you have difficulty assembling this product or have any questions regarding the controls, operation, or maintenance of this machine,
you can seek help from the experts. Choose from the options below:
◊ Visit us on the web at www.troybilt.com
◊ Call a Customer Support Representative at (800) 828-5500 or (330) 558-7220
◊ Write us at Troy-Bilt LLC • P.O. Box 361131 • Cleveland, OH • 44136-0019
2
Important Safe Operation Practices
WARNING: This symbol points out important safety instructions which, if not followed, could endanger the personal safety and/or property of yourself
and others. Read and follow all instructions in this manual before attempting to operate this machine. Failure to comply with these instructions may
result in personal injury.
When you see this symbol. HEED ITS WARNING!
CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65
WARNING: Engine Exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to State of California to cause
cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
DANGER: This machine was built to be operated according to the safe operation practices in this manual. As with any type of power equipment,
carelessness or error on the part of the operator can result in serious injury. This machine is capable of amputating fingers, hands, toes and feet and
throwing debris. Failure to observe the following safety instructions could result in serious injury or death.
2
Training
1. Read, understand, and follow all instructions
on the machine and in the manual(s) before
attempting to assemble and operate.
Keep this manual in a safe place for future
and regular reference and for ordering
replacement parts.
2. Be familiar with all controls and their proper
operation. Know how to stop the machine and
disengage them quickly.
3. Never allow children under 16 years of age to
operate this machine. Children 16 and over
should read and understand the instructions
and safe operation practices in this manual
and on the machine and be trained and
supervised by an adult.
4. Never allow adults to operate this machine
without proper instruction.
5. Keep bystanders, pets, and children at least 75
feet from the machine while it is in operation.
Stop machine if anyone enters the area.
6. Never run an engine indoors or in a poorly
ventilated area. Engine exhaust contains
carbon monoxide, an odorless and deadly gas.
7. Do not put hands and feet near rotating parts
or in the feeding chambers and discharge
opening. Contact with the rotating impeller
can amputate fingers, hands, and feet.
8. Never attempt to unclog either the feed intake
or discharge opening, remove or empty bag,
or inspect and repair the machine while the
engine is running. Shut the engine off and
wait until all moving parts have come to a
complete stop. Disconnect the spark plug wire
and ground it against the engine.
Preparation
1. Thoroughly inspect the area where the
equipment is to be used. Remove all rocks,
bottles, cans, or other foreign objects which
could be picked up or thrown and cause
personal injury or damage to the machine.
2. Always wear safety glasses or safety goggles
during operation and while performing an
adjustment or repair, to protect your eyes.
Thrown objects which ricochet can cause
serious injury to the eyes.
3. Wear sturdy, rough-soled work shoes and
close-fitting slacks and shirts. Loose fitting
clothes or jewelry can be caught in movable
parts. Never operate this machine in bare feet
or sandals. Wear leather work gloves when
feeding material in the chipper chute.
4. Before starting, check all bolts and screws for
proper tightness to be sure the machine is in
safe working condition. Also, visually inspect
machine for any damage at frequent intervals.
5. Maintain or replace safety and instructions
labels, as necessary.
Safe Handling of Gasoline:
To avoid personal injury or property damage use
extreme care in handling gasoline. Gasoline is
extremely flammable and the vapors are explosive.
Serious personal injury can occur when gasoline is
spilled on yourself or your clothes which can ignite.
Wash your skin and change clothes immediately.
a. Use only an approved gasoline
container.
b. Never fill containers inside a vehicle or
on a truck or trailer bed with a plastic
liner. Always place containers on the
ground away from your vehicle before
filling.
c. When practical, remove gas-powered
equipment from the truck or trailer and
refuel it on the ground. If this is not
possible, then refuel such equipment
on a trailer with a portable container,
rather than from a gasoline dispenser
nozzle.
d. Keep the nozzle in contact with the rim
of the fuel tank or container opening at
all times until fueling is complete. Do
not use a nozzle lock-open device.
e. Extinguish all cigarettes, cigars, pipes
and other sources of ignition.
f. Never fuel machine indoors.
g. Never remove gas cap or add fuel while
the engine is hot or running. Allow
engine to cool at least two minutes
before refueling.
h. Never over fill fuel tank. Fill tank to
no more than ½ inch below bottom
of filler neck to allow space for fuel
expansion.
i. Replace gasoline cap and tighten
securely.
j. If gasoline is spilled, wipe it off the
engine and equipment. Move unit to
another area. Wait 5 minutes before
starting the engine.
k. To reduce fire hazards, keep machine
free of grass, leaves, or other debris
build-up. Clean up oil or fuel spillage
and remove any fuel soaked debris.
l. Never store the machine or fuel
container inside where there is an open
flame, spark or pilot light as on a water
heater, space heater, furnace, clothes
dryer or other gas appliances.
Operation
1. Do not put hands and feet near rotating parts
or in the feeding chambers and discharge
opening. Contact with the rotating impeller
can amputate fingers, hands, and feet.
2. Before starting the machine, make sure
the chipper chute, feed intake, and cutting
chamber are empty and free of all debris.
3. Thoroughly inspect all material to be shredded
and remove any metal, rocks, bottles, cans,
or other foreign objects which could cause
personal injury or damage to the machine.
4. If it becomes necessary to push material
through the shredder hopper, use a small
diameter stick. Do not use your hands or feet.
5. If the impeller strikes a foreign object or if your
machine should start making an unusual noise
or vibration, immediately shut the engine
off. Allow the impeller to come to a complete
stop. Disconnect the spark plug wire, ground it
against the engine and perform the following
steps:
a. Inspect for damage.
b. Repair or replace any damaged parts.
c. Check for any loose parts and tighten
to assure continued safe operation.
6. Do not allow an accumulation of processed
material to build up in the discharge area.
This can prevent proper discharge and result
in kickback of material through the feed
opening.
7. Do not attempt to shred or chip material
larger than specified on the machine or in this
manual. Personal injury or machine damage
could result.
8. Never attempt to unclog either the feed
intake or discharge opening while the engine
is running. Shut the engine off, wait until all
moving parts have stopped, disconnect the
spark plug wire and ground it against the
engine before clearing debris.
9. Never operate without the shredder hopper,
chipper chute, or chute deflector properly
attached to the machine. Never empty or
change discharge bag while the engine is
running.
10. Keep all guards, deflectors and safety devices
in place and operating properly.
11. Keep your face and body back and to the side
of the chipper chute while feeding material
into the machine to avoid accidental kickback
injuries.
12. Never operate this machine without good
visibility or light.
13. Do not operate this machine on a paved,
gravel or non-level surface.
14. Do not operate this machine while under the
influence of alcohol or drugs.
15. Muffler and engine become hot and can cause
a burn. Do not touch.
16. Never pick up or carry machine while the
engine is running.
17. If situations occur which are not covered in
this manual, use care and good judgement.
Contact Customer Support for assistance and
the name of the nearest service dealer.
3
Maintenance & Storage
1. Never tamper with safety devices. Check their
proper operation regularly.
2. Check bolts and screws for proper tightness
at frequent intervals to keep the machine in
safe working condition. Also, visually inspect
machine for any damage and repair, if needed.
3. Before cleaning, repairing, or inspecting, stop
the engine and make certain the impeller and
all moving parts have stopped. Disconnect
the spark plug wire and ground it against the
engine to prevent unintended starting.
4. Do not change the engine governor settings
or overspeed the engine. The governor
controls the maximum safe operating speed of
the engine.
5. Maintain or replace safety and instruction
labels, as necessary.
6. Follow this manual for safe loading, unloading,
transporting, and storage of this machine.
7. Never store the machine or fuel container
inside where there is an open flame, spark
or pilot light such as a water heater, furnace,
clothes dryer, etc.
8. Allow machine to cool at least 5 minutes
before storing.
9. Always refer to the operator’s manual for
proper instructions on off-season storage.
10. If the fuel tank has to be drained, do this
outdoors.
11. Observe proper disposal laws and regulations
for gas, oil, etc. to protect the environment.
12. According to the Consumer Products
Safety Commission (CPSC) and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this
product has an Average Useful Life of seven
(7) years, or 60 hours of operation. At the end
of the Average Useful Life have the machine
inspected annually by an authorized service
dealer to ensure that all mechanical and
safety systems are working properly and not
worn excessively. Failure to do so can result in
accidents, injuries or death.
Do not modify engine
To avoid serious injury or death, do not modify
engine in any way. Tampering with the governor
setting can lead to a runaway engine and cause it to
operate at unsafe speeds. Never tamper with factory
setting of engine governor.
Notice Regarding Emissions
Engines which are certified to comply with California
and federal EPA emission regulations for SORE
(Small Off Road Equipment) are certified to operate
on regular unleaded gasoline, and may include
the following emission control systems: Engine
Modification (EM), Oxidizing Catalyst (OC), Secondary
Air Injection (SAI) and Three Way Catalyst (TWC) if so
equipped.
Spark Arrestor
WARNING: This machine is
equipped with an internal combustion
engine and should not be used on or
near any unimproved forest-covered,
brushcovered or grass-covered land
unless the engine’s exhaust system is
equipped with a spark arrestor
meeting applicable local or state laws
(if any).
If a spark arrestor is used, it should be maintained in
effective working order by the operator. In the State
of California the above is required by law (Section
4442 of the California Public Resources Code). Other
states may have similar laws. Federal laws apply on
federal lands.
A spark arrestor for the muffler is available through
your nearest engine authorized service dealer or
contact the service department, P.O. Box 361131
Cleveland, Ohio 44136-0019.
Safety Symbols
This page depicts and describes safety symbols that may appear on this product. Read, understand, and follow all instructions on the machine before attempting to
assemble and operate.
Symbol Description
READ THE OPERATOR’S MANUAL(S)
Read, understand, and follow all instructions in the manual(s) before attempting to assemble and operate
WARNING— ROTATING BLADES
Keep hands out of inlet and discharge openings while machine is running. There are rotating blades inside
BYSTANDER S
Keep bystanders, pets, and children at least 75 feet from the machine while it is in operation. Stop machine
if anyone enters the area.
WARNING— THROWN DEBRIS
Never operate without the chute deflector properly attached to the machine.
EYE PROTECTION
Always wear safety glasses or safety goggles when operating this machine.
WARNING: Your Responsibility—Restrict the use of this power machine to persons who read, understand and follow the warnings and
instructions in this manual and on the machine.
4 Section 2 — important Safe operation practiceS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS!
Assembly & Set-Up
B
A
Contents of Carton
• Chipper Shredder (1) • Operator’s Manual (1) • Engine Operator’s Manual (1)
• Bottle of Oil (1) • Bag (1) • Safety Glasses (1)
3
Assembly
NOTE: This unit is shipped without gasoline or oil in
the engine. Fill up gasoline and oil as instructed in
the accompanying engine manual BEFORE operating
your chipper shredder.
Chipper Chute (Model Series 4325 Only)
For shipping reasons, the unit is crated with its
chipper chute in a raised position. To pivot it
downward, proceed as follows:
1. Pull the spring latch upward.
2. Gently pivot the chipper chute down until it
clicks into the lock rod. See Figure 3-1.
WARNING: Never operate the
chipper shredder with the chipper
chute in the raised position. Doing so
may result in property damage or
serious injury to the operator or
bystanders.
Bag
To attach the bag:
1. Place the opening of the bag completely over
the chute deflector. See Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2
2. Position the bag so that the wing knobs which
secure the chute deflector to the impeller
housing are completely covered.
3. Pull on the draw-strap until the bag is tight
around chute deflector opening.
Set-Up
Gas and Oil Fill-Up
Refer to the separate engine owner’s manual for
additional engine information.
1. Add oil provided before starting unit for the
first time out of the box. Refer to the separate
engine owner’s manual for information
regarding adding and checking the oil.
2. Service the engine with gasoline as instructed
in the separate engine owner’s manual.
WARNING: Use extreme care when
handling gasoline. Gasoline is
extremely flammable and the vapors
are explosive. Never fuel the machine
indoors or while the engine is hot or
running. Extinguish cigarettes, cigars,
pipes and other sources of ignition.
WARNING: Never fill fuel tank
indoors with engine running. Before
fueling, turn engine off. Wait until the
engine has been allowed to cool for at
least two minutes after running before
fueling.
Figure 3-1
5
Controls and Operation
Chute
Deflector
Spring
Latch
Hopper
Chipper
Chute
Recoil
Starter
Handle
Lock Rod
Model Series CS 4325 Shown
4
Controls
Chipper Chute
Branches up to two inches (model series CS 4265) or
three inches (model series CS 4325) in diameter may
be fed into the chipper chute for chipping.
Hopper
Leaves, twigs, and branches up to 1/2-inch in
diameter may be placed into the hopper for
shredding.
IMPORTANT: Never place branches with a diameter
greater than 1/2-inch in the hopper. Doing so can
result in serious damage to your unit’s shredder
blade, flails or impeller.
Handle
Use the handle when manually transporting the
chipper shredder.
Figure 4-1
Recoil Starter
The recoil starter is located on the engine. Pull the
recoil starter to start engine.
Engine Controls
See the separate Engine Operator’s Manual packed
with your unit for the location and function of the
engine controls.
Spring Latch (Mode l Series CS 4325 Only)
The spring latch is located on the top of the hopper.
It is used to release or lock the chipper chute in a
raised position for storage or for transporting.
WARNING: Never operate the chipper
shredder with the chipper chute in the
raised position. Use the spring latch to
lower the chipper chute into the
operating position before starting the
engine.
Lock Rod (Model Series CS 4325 Only)
The lock rod is located on the chipper chute support.
It is used to release or lock the chipper chute in a
lowered position for operation.
Chute Deflector
Debris is discharged from the machine’s reduction
chamber through the chute deflector.
6
Operation
WARNING: The operation of any
chipper shredder can result in foreign
objects being thrown into the eyes,
which can damage your eyes severely.
Always wear the safety glasses provided
with this unit or eye shields before
chipping or shredding and while
performing any adjustments or repairs.
Starting Engine
Refer to the engine operator’s manual for engine
starting instructions.
Shredding
WARNING: Never operate the chipper
shredder without chipper chute lowered
into the operating position.
Yard waste such as leaves and pine needles can be
placed in the hopper for shredding. After material
has been processed by the shredder blade and flails,
it will be forced out of the chute deflector, and, if
attached, into a debris collection bag.
Observe the following guidelines when shredding
yard debris:
• Never attempt to shred material other than
normal yard debris (leaves, twigs, pine cones,
etc.).
• Avoid shredding fibrous plants such as tomato
vines until they are thoroughly dried out.
Fresh vines do not shred well and tend to wrap
themselves around the impeller and flails.
• Place reasonable amounts of debris into the
hopper at a time. Do not overload the hopper.
• Allow the material in the hopper to be drawn
into the blades and shredded before adding
additional debris to the hopper. Failure to due
so may result in a clogged hopper, clogged
chute deflector or a stalled engine.
• Avoid placing twigs longer than 24 inches into
the hopper. Twigs longer than 24 inches may
result in a clogged hopper.
IMPORTANT: Never place branches with a
diameter greater than 1/2-inch in the hopper.
Doing so can result in serious damage to the
unit’s shredder blade, flails or impeller.
Clearing the Hopper
Should the hopper become clogged with debris
during operation, proceed as follows:
1. Grasp the handle with both hands and gently
agitate the chipper shredder to help loosen
debris, drawing it into the impeller.
If the clog does not clear, proceed as follows:
1. Stop engine.
2. Use your hands to remove any debris found
near the top of the hopper.
3. Use a branch (or other available device, i.e.
broomstick) to dislodge debris located toward
the base of the hopper.
4. Restart engine.
NOTE: If you’re unable to pull the starter
rope as a result of accumulated debris near
the impeller, follow instructions under the
heading Cleaning the Reduction Chamber in
the “Service” section of this manual.
Chipping
WARNING: Never operate the chipper
shredder without chipper chute lowered
into the operating position.
Branches up to two inches (model series CS4265) or
three inches (model series CS4325) in diameter can
be fed into the chipper chute. Observe the following
guidelines when chipping branches:
• Keep both hands firmly on the branch as you
feed it into the chipper chute.
• Never feed more than one branch into the
chipper chute at a time.
• Never feed anything other than branches (or
wood) into the chipper chute.
• Apply intermittent pressure (force, in short
pulses) while feeding larger branches into the
chipper chute, to avoid bogging or stalling the
engine.
IMPORTANT: Never feed branches with a
diameter greater than two (2) inches (Model
Series CS4265) or three (3) inches (model series
CS4325) into the chipper chute. Doing so can
result in serious damage to your unit’s chipper
blades, flails or impeller.
NOTE: For best performance, always operate
the unit with sharp chipper blades. If a
noticeable loss in performance is encountered
while chipping branches, the chipper blades
should be replaced.
Emptying the Bag
1. Stop engine.
2. Squeeze the locking buckle to release the
bag’s drawstrap before loosening it from the
chute deflector. See Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-2
3. Empty the bag and reattach to the chute
deflector opening. Refer to the “Assembly and
Setup” section of this manual.
7Section 4 — controlS an d operation
Service
A
C
B
A
C
B
Model Serie s CS4325 Shown
5
Service
General Recommendations
• Always observe safety rules when performing
any maintenance.
• The warranty on this chipper shredder does
not cover items that have been subjected to
operator abuse or negligence. To receive full
value from warranty, operator must maintain
the equipment as instructed here.
• Changing of engine-governed speed will void
engine warranty.
• All adjustments should be checked at least
once each season.
• Periodically check all fasteners and make sure
these are tight.
WARNING: Always stop engine,
disconnect spark plug, and ground
against engine before, cleaning,
lubricating, or performing any type of
maintenance on your machine.
Lubrication
1. Lubricate the chipper chute hinge with a light
oil once a season.
2. Lubricate the pivot points on the chute
deflector with light oil once a season.
3. Follow the separate engine manual packed
with your unit for engine lubrication
instructions.
Equipment Care
• Clean the chipper shredder thoroughly after
each use.
• Wash bag periodically with water. Allow to dry
thoroughly in shade.
• If the reduction chamber becomes clogged,
remove and clean as instructed below.
• Allow the unit to run and clear out all debris
for a short time before shutting the unit down
before storage.
NOTE: Cleaning with a forceful spray of water
is not recommended as it could contaminate
the fuel system.
Engine Care
Refer to the Maintenance section of the Engine
Owner/ Operator manual packed with your unit.
Read and follow instructions carefully.
• Check engine oil level before each use as
instructed in the separate engine manual.
• Clean or replace air cleaner every 25 hours
under normal conditions. Clean every few
hours under extremely dusty conditions. To
service the air cleaner, refer to the engine
manual.
• The spark plug should be cleaned and the gap
reset once a season. Check engine manual for
correct plug type and gap specifications.
• Clean engine regularly with a cloth or brush.
Keep the top of the engine clean to permit
proper air circulation. Remove all grass, dirt,
and combustible debris from muffler area.
Cleaning The Reduction Chamber
WARNING: The impeller’s shredder
blade and chipper blades are sharp. Wear
leather work gloves to protect your hands
when cleaning out the reduction
chamber.
If the reduction chamber becomes clogged with
debris, the shredder screen can be pivoted upward
so that you can clean the surrounding area. To do so,
proceed as follows:
1. Stop engine, disconnect spark plug, and make
certain the chipper shredder has come to a
complete stop.
WARNING: The muffler and
surrounding area will be hot if the engine
has been running. Use caution and
protect your hands if working near the
muffler.
2. If attached, remove debris bag. Remove the
two wing knobs on either side of the chute
deflector and pivot the chute deflector
upward. See A in Figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1
3. Remove the hairpin clip from the clevis pin
which extends through the housing and
shredder screen. See B in Figure 5-1. Remove
clevis pin.
4. Pivot the shredder screen upward. See C in
Figure 5-1. Clean the surrounding area by
scraping away debris.
5. Confirm that the spark plug wire is
disconnected and away from the spark plug.
Pull on the starter rope two-to-three times to
clear any remaining debris from the reduction
chamber.
6. When the area is clean, pivot the shredder
screen downward and re-secure with the
clevis pin and hairpin clip removed earlier.
7. Reattach the debris collection bag to the chute
deflector, if desired.
Chipper Blade Care
WARNING: The impeller’s chipper
blades are sharp. Wear leather work
gloves to protect your hands.
1. Stop engine, disconnect spark plug, and make
certain the chipper shredder has come to a
complete stop.
2. Pivot the shredder screen upward as
instructed under the heading Cleaning the
Reduction Chamber.
3. Remove the chipper chute support brace from
the frame by removing the two hex bolts and
saddle washers which secure it. See A in Figure
5-2.
Figure 5-2
4. Remove the chipper chute by removing three
hex nuts and washers which secure it to the
impeller housing. See B in Figure 5-2.
5. Rotate the impeller by hand until one of the
two chipper blades is visible through the
impeller housing opening.
6. Remove the blade by removing the internal
hex screws, lock washers and hex nuts which
secure it to the impeller. See C in Figure 5-2.
Retain the hardware.
NOTE: Use a 3/16” hex key (Allen) wrench on
the outside of the blade and a 1/2” box (or
socket) wrench on the inside of the impeller.
Hold the Allen wrench stationary and rotate
the box (or socket) wrench to loosen the nut.
7. Install a replacement blade with the hardware
removed earlier or sharpen.
IMPORTANT: When sharpening the blade,
protect hands by using gloves. Follow the
original angle of grind and make sure to
remove an equal amount from each blade.
8. To replace the other blade, rotate the impeller
to expose the second blade and repeat the
steps above.
NOTE: Make certain blades are reassembled
with the sharp edge outward (toward the
chipper chute). Torque hardware to between
20 ft.-lbs and 25 ft.-lbs.
8
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