1 Features ........................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Life support policy ............................................................................................................................ 4
These two phase hybrid stepper motors are optimized for microstepping and give a good fit to the
TRINAMIC family of motor controllers and drivers. They are also used in the 57mm PANdrive family.
Main characteristics:
• NEMA 23 mounting configuration
• flange max. 57.2mm * 57.2mm
• 6.35mm axis diameter, 20.6mm axis length
• step angle: 1.8˚
• optimized for microstep operation
• optimum fit for TMC239 / TMC249 based driver circuits
• up to 84V operating voltage
• 4 wire connection
• neodymium magnets for maximum torque
• CE approved
QSH5718 Specifications
Rated Phase Current I
Phase Resistance at 20°C R
Parameter Units
RMS_RATED
COIL
A 3.03.03.0
Ω 0.60.80.8
-41-30-047 -55-30-098 -79-30-163
Phase Inductance (typ.) mH 1.52.13.2
Holding Torque (typ.)
Detent Torque Ncm 2.13.03.0
Rotor Inertia g cm
Ncm 4798163
oz in 66 138 230
2
77209335
Weight (Mass) Kg 0.500.701.0
Insulation Class B (130°C)B (130°C)B (130°C)
Connection Wires N° 444
Max applicable Voltage V 848484
Step angle Accuracy % 5 5 5
Flange Size (max.) mm 57.257.257.2
Motor Length (max.) L
mm 41.055.078.5
MAX
Axis Diameter mm 6.356.356.35
Axis Length (typ.) mm 20.620.620.6
Maximum Axial Axis Load N 90 90 90
Maximum Radial Axis Load
(8 mm from front flange)
N 110 110 110
Related Trinamic PANdrive type PD1-xxx-57 PD2-xxx-57 PD3-xxx-57
TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG does not
authorize or warrant any of its products for use in life
support systems, without the specific written consent
of TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG.
Life support systems are equipment intended to
support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform,
when properly used in accordance with instructions
provided, can be reasonably expected to result in
personal injury or death.
Information given in this data sheet is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However no responsibility is
assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any
infringement of patents or other rights of third parties,
which may result form its use.
The torque figures detail motor torque characteristics for fullstep operation in order to allow simple
comparison. The motors were positioned on rubber. The diagrams are based on discrete
measurement points of pull-out torque (torque needed to stop rotating motor). For fullstep operation
there are always a number of resonance points (with less torque) which are not depicted. These will
be minimized by microstep operation in most applications.
The following chapters try to help you to correctly set the key operation parameters in order to get a
stable system.
5.1 Choosing the best fitting Motor for an Application
For an optimum solution it is important to fit the motor to the application and to choose the best mode
of operation. The key parameters are desired motor torque and velocity. While the motor holding
torque describes the torque at stand-still, and gives a good indication for comparing different motors, it
is not the key parameter for the best fitting motor. The required torque is a result of static load on the
motor, dynamic loads which occur during acceleration / deceleration and loads due to friction. In most
applications the load at maximum desired motor velocity is most critical, because of the reduction of
motor torque at higher velocity. While the required velocity generally is well known, the required torque
often is only roughly known. Generally, a longer motor and a motor with a larger diameter delivers a
higher torque. But, using the same driver voltage for the motor, the larger motor earlier looses torque
when increasing motor velocity. This means, that for a high torque at a high motor velocity, the smaller
motor might be the better fitting solution.
Please refer to the torque vs. velocity diagram to determine the best fitting motor, which delivers
enough torque at all desired velocities.
Hints:
Q: How to determine the maximum torque required by your application?
A: Just try a motor which should roughly fit. Take into consideration worst case conditions, i.e.
minimum driver supply voltage and minimum driver current, maximum or minimum environment
temperature (whichever is worse) and maximum friction of mechanics. Now, consider that you want
to be on the safe side, and add some 10 percent safety margin to take into account for unknown
degradation of mechanics and motor.
5.2 Motor Current Setting
Basically, the motor torque is proportional to the motor current, as long as the current stays at a
reasonable level. At the same time, the power consumption of the motor (and driver) is proportional to
the square of the motor current. Optimally, the motor should be chosen to bring the required
performance at the rated motor current. For a short time, the motor current may be raised above this
level in order to get increased torque, but care has to be taken in order not to exceed the maximum
coil temperature of 130°C respectively a continuous motor operation temperature of 90°C.
Percentage of
rated current
150% ≤150% 225%
125% 125% 156%
100% 100%
85% 85% 72%
75% 75% 56%
50% 50% 25%
38% 38% 14%
25% 25% 6%
0%
Percentage of
motor torque
see detent
torque
Percentage of static
motor power dissipation
100%
= 2 * I
RMS_RATED
0%
* R
COIL
Comment
Limit operation to a few seconds
Operation possible for a limited time
Normal operation
Normal operation
Normal operation
Reduced microstep exactness due
to torque reducing in the magnitude
of detent torque
Q: How to choose the optimum current setting?
A1: Generally, you choose the motor in order to give the desired performance at nominal current.
For short time operation, you might want to increase the motor current to get a higher torque than
specified for the motor. In a hot environment, you might want to work with a reduced motor current in
order to reduce motor self heating.
The Trinamic drivers allow setting the motor current for up to three conditions:
- Stand still (choose a low current)
- Nominal operation (nominal current)
- High acceleration (if increased torque is required: You may choose a current above the nominal
setting, but be aware, that the mean power dissipation shall not exceed the motors nominal
rating)
A2: If you reach the velocity limit, it might be a good idea to reduce the motor current, in order to
avoid resonances occurring. Please see the hints on choosing the driver voltage.
Q: What about energy saving – how to choose standby current?
A1: Most applications do not need much torque during motor stand-still. You should always reduce
motor current during stand still. This reduces power dissipation and heat generation. Depending on
your application, you typically at least can half power dissipation. There are several aspects why this
is possible: In stand still, motor torque is higher than at any other velocity. Thus, you do not need the
full current even with a static load! Your application might need no torque at all, but you might need
to keep the exact microstep position: Try how low you can go in your application. If the microstep
position exactness does not matter for the time of stand still, you might even reduce the motor
current to zero, provided that there is no static load on the motor and enough friction in order to
avoid complete position loss.
5.3 Motor Driver Supply Voltage
The driver supply voltage in many applications can not be chosen freely, because other components
have a fixed supply voltage of e.g. 24V DC. If you have to possibility to choose the driver supply
voltage, please refer to the driver data sheet, and consider that a higher voltage means a higher
torque at higher velocity. The motor torque diagrams are measured for a given supply voltage. You
typically can scale the velocity axis (steps / sec) proportionally to the supply voltage to adapt the
curve, e.g. if the curve is measured for 48V and you consider operation at 24V, half all values on the
x-Axis to get an idea of the motor performance.
For a chopper driver, consider the following corner values for the driver supply voltage (motor voltage).
The table is based on the nominal motor voltage, which normally just has a theoretical background in
order to determine the resistive loss in the motor.
Comment on the nominal motor voltage: U
COIL_NOM
(Please refer to motor technical data table.)
Parameter Value Comment
Minimum driver
supply voltage
Optimum driver
supply voltage
Maximum rated
driver supply
voltage
2 * U
COIL_NOM
≥ 4 * U
and
≤ 22 * U
25 * U
COIL_NOM
Very limited motor velocity. Only slow movement without
torque reduction. Chopper noise might become audible.
COIL_NOM
Choose the best fitting voltage in this range using the motor
torque curve and the driver data. You can scale the torque
COIL_NOM
curve proportionally to the actual driver supply voltage.
When exceeding this value, the magnetic switching losses in
the motor reach a relevant magnitude and the motor might get
too hot at nominal current. Thus there is no benefit in further
raising the voltage.
Q: How to determine if the given driver voltage is sufficient?
A1: Just listen to the motor at different velocities. Does the “sound” of the motor get raucous or
harsh when exceeding some velocity? Then the motor gets into a resonance area. The reason is,
that the motor back-EMF voltage reaches the supply voltage. Thus, the driver can not bring the full
current into the motor any more. This is typically a sign, that the motor velocity should not be further
increased, because resonances and reduced current affect motor torque.
A2: Measure the motor coil current at maximum desired velocity.
For microstepping: If the waveform is still basically sinusoidal, the motor driver supply voltage is
sufficient.
For Fullstepping: If the motor current still reaches a constant plateau, the driver voltage is sufficient.
If you determine, that the voltage is not sufficient, you could either increase the voltage or reduce
the current (and thus torque).
5.4 Choosing the Commutation Scheme
While the motor performance curves are depicted for fullstepping, most modern drivers provide a
microstepping scheme. Microstepping uses a discrete sine and a cosine wave to drive both coils of the
motor, and gives a very smooth motor behaviour as well as an increased position resolution. The
amplitude of the waves is 1.41 times the nominal motor current, while the RMS values equals the
nominal motor current. The stepper motor does not make loud steps any more – it turns smoothly!
Therefore, 16 microsteps or more are recommended for a smooth operation and the avoidance of
resonances. To operate the motor at fullstepping, some considerations should be taken into account.
Driver Scheme Resolution Velocity range Torque Comments
Fullstepping 200 steps per
rotation
Microstepping 200 * (number
of microsteps)
per rotation
Mixed: Microstepping and fullstepping for high
velocities
200 * (number
of microsteps)
per rotation
Low to very high.
Skip resonance
areas in low to medium velocity range.
Low to high. Reduced torque at very
Low to very high. Full torque At high velocities,
Full torque if dampener
used, otherwise reduced
torque in resonance
area
high velocity
Audible noise
especially at low
velocities
Low noise,
smooth motor
behaviour
there is no audible
difference for fullstepping
Table 5: Comparing microstepping and fullstepping
Microstepping gives the best performance for most applications and can be considered as state-of-the
art. However, fullstepping allows some ten percent higher motor velocities, when compared to
microstepping. A combination of microstepping at low and medium velocities and fullstepping at high
velocities gives best performance at all velocities and is most universal. Most Trinamic driver modules
support all three modes.
5.4.1 Fullstepping
When operating the motor in fullstep, resonances may occur. The resonance frequencies depend on
the motor load. When the motor gets into a resonance area, it even might not turn any more! Thus you
should avoid resonance frequencies.
Hints:
Q: How to avoid motor resonance in fullstep operation?
A1: Do not operate the motor at resonance velocities for extended periods of time. Use a reasonably
high acceleration in order to accelerate to a resonance-free velocity. This avoids the build-up of
resonances. When resonances occur at very high velocities, try reducing the current setting.
A2: A resonance dampener might be required, if the resonance frequencies can not be skipped.