Transcend CFast cards are designed to satisfy high
performance requirements using a SATA 3Gb/s
interface. As a removable device, it is easier to plug and
remove in space-limited applications; such as
thin-clients or industrial PCs. Complaint with CFast 1.0
standard, CFast is your best choice as an embedded
The controller supports static/dynamic wear leveling. When the host writes data, the controller will find and use the block
with the lowest erase count among the free blocks. This is known as dynamic wear leveling. When the free blocks' erase
count is higher than a threshold value plus data blocks', it will activate the static wear leveling, replacing the not so
frequently used user blocks with the high erase count free blocks.
ECC algorithm
Using 8bit BCH Error Correction Code with ea ch channel, the controller can co rrect 8 random bits per 512 b yte data
sector for SLC NAND flash. The hardware executes parity generation and error detection/correction features.
StaticDataRefresh Technology
Normally, ECC engine corrections are taken plac e without affecting the host normal opera tio ns . As time pa ss e s by, the
number of error bits accumulated in the read transaction exceeds the correcting capability of the ECC engine, resu lting
in corrupted data being sent to the host. To prevent this, the controller monitors the error bit levels at each read
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CFast Card
operation; when it reaches the preset threshold value, the controller automatically performs data refresh to “restore” the
correct charge levels in the cell. This implementation practically restores the data to its orig inal, error-free state, and
hence, lengthening the life of the data.
EarlyRetirement Technology
The StaticDataRefresh feature functions well when the cells in a block are still healthy. As the block ages over time, it
cannot reliably store charge anymore, EarlyRetirement enters the scene. EarlyRetirement works by moving the static
data to another block (a health block) before the previously used block becomes completely incapable of holding
charges for data. When the charge loss error level exceeds another threshold value (higher from that for
StaticDataRefresh), the controller automatically moves its data to anothe r block. In addition, the original block is then
marked as a bad block, which prevents its further use, and thus the block enters the state of “EarlyRetirement.”
Note that, through this proc ess, the incorr ect data are detected and effectively correc ted by the ECC eng ine, thus the
data in the new block is stored error-free.
Transcend Information Inc.
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CFastTM Interface
Out of bank signaling
There shall be three Out Of Band (OOB) signals used/dete cted by the Phy: COMR ESET, COMINIT, and CO MWAKE.
COMINIT, COMRESET and COMWAKE OOB signaling shall be achieved by transmission of either a burst of four Gen1
P primitives or a burst composed of four Gen1 Dwords with each Dword composed of four D24.3 characters, each
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burst having a duration of 160 UI
as depicted in Figure 4 and Table 2.
OOB. Each burst is followed by idle periods (at common-mode levels), having durations
Transcend Information Inc.
Figure 4 : OOB signals
Table 2 : OOB signal times
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