Toro DL2000 Series PC Dripline, Drip In PC Brown Dripline Design Guide
Landscape
Dripline
Design
Landscape Dripline Design_____________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
■ Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
General Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8
Product Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Water Availability and Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Soil Types and Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Plant Material Classification and Planting Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Emitter and Dripline Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Spacing Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Dripline Placement From Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Designing for Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Designing for Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Designing for Elevation Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Typical Design Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-17
Designing a Subsurface System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Design Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Typical Design Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-17
Irrigation Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-19
Application Rate Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Water Application Rate Table (In Inches Per Hour) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Zone Run Time Scheduling Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20-34
Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Planting Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Installation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Installation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23-34
Routine Preventative Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-36
System Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Routine Inspection Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Component Maintenance Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36-38
Remote Control Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Pressure Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Dripline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Flush Caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Troubleshooting Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Excessively Wet Soil Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Excessively Dry Soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
System Components and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40-43
Drip Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Blank Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Check Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Flushing Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Pressure Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Air Vent/Vacuum Relief Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Compression Fittings and Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Micro Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Micro Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Micro Fitting Swivel Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Dual Goof Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Micro Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Optional Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Irrigation Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Fertilizer Injector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Water Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Soil Moisture Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
i
Introduction
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
Toro provides more than just irrigation products — we provide turf
solutions. For more than forty-five years, we’ve supplied a full line of quality
irrigation equipment to fit any turf need. Customers have grown to trust
Toro because we translate new technology into productive irrigation
products for every turf requirement.
In addition to Drip In® PC Brown Dripline for at-grade installations, Toro
also offers a complete below-grade dripline system, DL2000®, designed
specifically for the residential and commercial turf markets. Toro DL2000®
is the most technologically advanced subsurface irrigation system available.
Through revolutionary ROOTGUARD® technology, DL2000 prevents emitter
clogging while delivering optimal water application directly to the root zone.
DL2000 is perfect for odd-shaped designs, median strips, public recreation
areas and residential property — any place where sprinklers don’t fit the
application.
Whether installing dripline at-grade or below-grade, Toro has the perfect
solution to fit your needs.
■ Introduction
Water Source
Air/Vacuum
Relief Valve*
Emitter
Control Valve
Typical Dripline Layout
Flush Valve
Dripline
Filter
*Only Required on Subsurface Installations
This manual has been written with the assumption
that users already possess a fundamental understanding
of basic irrigation design.
Pressure Regulator
1
Terminology
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ Terminology
Application Rate — the rate at which a subsurface grid applies water to a
specific zone, over a given period of time, measured in inches per hour.
Backflow Prevention Device — the device, required by law, on an irrigation
system that prevents water from re-entering the potable water lines once it
flows into the irrigation pipes.
Blackwater — wastewater from toilet, latrine, and agua privy flushing and sinks
used for food preparation or disposal of chemical or chemical-biological
ingredients.
BOD— the abbreviation for “Biochemical Oxygen Demand;” a measure or the
amount of oxygen required to neutralize organic wastes.
Controller — the device that sends timing commands to remote control valves
for actuation.
Design Operating Pressure — the pressure a designer uses to determine spacing
distances and flow for driplines. The design operating pressure is determined
by subtracting estimated friction losses from the static water pressure.
Dynamic Pressure — the pressure reading in a pipeline system with water
flowing.
Effluent Water — any substance, particularly a liquid, that enters the
environment from a point source. Generally refers to wastewater from a
sewage treatment or industrial plant.
Emitter — a device used to control the rate at which water is applied to a
specific area. Emitters are usually injection molded out of chemical-resistant
plastics and come in both inline and online configurations. Toro dripline is
manufactured with factory-installed, inline emitters.
Evapotranspiration — the combined rate at which water evaporates into the
atmosphere and/or is consumed by plants.
Flow — the movement of water through the irrigation piping system.
Flush Cap — a device used to automatically flush sediment and debris from
driplines within a grid. Flushing occurs at the beginning of each irrigation
cycle and ends as soon as the system operation pressure reaches 10 PSI.
Flush Manifold — the end line or pipe in a subsurface grid that connects to all
the driplines. A flush valve and/or cap is installed in the manifold to flush
debris and sediment from the grid during each irrigation cycle.
FPS — the abbreviation for “feet per second;” refers to the velocity of water
in pipes.
Friction Loss — the loss of pressure (force) as water flows through the
piping system.
GPH — the abbreviation for “gallons per hour;” unit of measure for water flow.
GPM — the abbreviation for “gallons per minute;” unit of measure for
water flow.
Greywater —wastewater from washing machines, showers, bathtubs, lavatories
and sinks that are not used for disposal of chemical or chemical-biological
ingredients.
I.D. — the abbreviation for “inside diameter.”
Lateral — the pipe in an irrigation system located downstream from the remote
control valve. Lateral pipes carry water directly to a zone.
Main Line — the pipe in an irrigation system that delivers water from the
backflow prevention device to the remote control valves. This is usually the
largest pipe on the irrigation system, generally under constant pressure and
located upstream from the remote control valves.
2
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ Terminology
NOTES:
Manifold — a group of control valves located together in the same area.
O.D. — the abbreviation for “outside diameter.”
PSI — the abbreviation for “pounds per square inch;” unit of measure for
water pressure.
PVC Pipe — Poly Vinyl Chloride pipe; the most common pipe used in irrigation
systems.
P.O.C. — abbreviation for “point of connection.” This is the location on the
irrigation system where a tap is made for connection of a backflow prevention
device or water meter.
Potable Water — water used for drinking purposes.
Reclaimed Water — domestic wastewater that has been treated to a quality
suitable for a beneficial use and is under the direct control of a
treatment plant.
Remote Control Valve — the component in the irrigation system that regulates
the on/off of water from the main line to the driplines; activated by the
controller.
Service Line — the pipe supplying water from the city water main to the
water meter.
Spacing — the distance between the emitters or the driplines.
Static Water Pressure — the pressure that exists in a piping system when there is
no flow; measured in pounds per square inch (PSI).
Subsurface Grid — a group of parallel, inline driplines that are connected to
supply manifolds and flush manifolds.
Supply Manifold — the pipe connected to the remote control valves that
supplies water to the driplines within a subsurface grid.
Surge — the build-up of water pressure in a piping system due to certain
characteristics of the pipe, valves and flow.
TDS — the abbreviation for “total dissolved solids.” The sum of all inorganic
and organic particulate material within a given amount of water. TDS is an
indicator test used for wastewater analysis and is also a measure of the mineral
content of bottled water and groundwater.
TSS — the abbreviation for “total suspended solids.” The sum of all non dissolved inorganic and organic material within a given amount of water. The
other component of Total Solids (TS) in water are Total Dissolved Solids, so
generally TSS + TDS = TS.
Velocity — the speed at which water flows through the piping system; measured
in feet per second (FPS).
Wastewater — water containing waste including grey water, black water or
water contaminated by waste contact, including process-generated and
contaminated rainfall runoff.
Water Main — the city water pipe located in the street or right-of-way.
Water Pressure — the force of water that exists in a piping system; measured in
pounds per square inch (PSI).
Working Pressure — the remaining pressure in the irrigation system when all
friction losses are subtracted from the static pressure.
Zone — a subsurface grid or area of dripline that is controlled by the same
remote control valve.
3
Design Parameters
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ General Design Parameters
Design Parameters
Toro dripline is designed for use in applications using the
grid concept, with supply and flush manifolds at each end to create a
closed-loop system. The result of the grid design is a completely
subsurface-wetted area that is ideal for plant growth and root
development. Toro dripline can also be installed on both sides of tree
and shrub rows when the grid installation is not justified.
Product Selection
Pressure-compensating dripline is available in two nominal
emitter flow rates, 0.5 GPH and1.0 GPH with emitters spaced at 12” and
18” intervals. Please consult performance charts for actual flows. Product
choice is dependent on site conditions and soil types. The choice of
dripper spacing, dripline lateral spacing and depth is dependent on the
types of soil and plants used.
Water Availability and Quality
The allowable water flow (75% of available flow) and pressure are the
determining factors for the maximum allowable zone flow. This is
determined by the capacity at the point of connection and supply
restrictions beyond the point of connection. Available flow and pressure
can be obtained from the following sources:
• Physical pressure and volume tests (most reliable)
• Your local water district ofce
• Engineered calculations based on the size of the point of connection,
meter and static pressure
Always make these determinations during the time of day at which the
water pressure is at its lowest point.
Water quality determines the type of filter used, any necessary treatment
and, in the case of reclaimed or effluent water, which drip emitter product to use. Water quality varies significantly according to the source
which can be classified generally as:
• Potable water
• Irrigation district water
• Greywater or industrial recycled water
• Efuent water
• Recycled water
• Well water
4
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ General Design Parameters
Potable water, the most common type of water used in landscape
applications, has relatively little debris and chemical contamination.
Therefore, it only needs to be filtered with a screen or disk filter. With
other water sources, it is advisable to obtain a water analysis prior to
designing and installing the system. Some of the important parameters
are:
• Total dissolved solids (tds)
• Iron content
• Calcium, magnesium, sulfates, bicarbonates and hardness
• Chemical compounds present, bod and tss (grey water, industrial
treated water and recycled water)
• The types and amount of sediment present (irrigation district water
and well water)
Soil Types and Preparation
For design purposes, soil classifications of clay (heavy), loam (medium)
and sand (light) are used in conjunction with plant types to determine
the emitter and lateral spacings necessary to provide a uniform subsurface soil moisture regime for the plant material.
As with all types of landscape irrigation systems, properly prepared soil is
necessary to provide a homogenous bed for proper plant establishment,
plant growth and uniform water distribution. Heavily compacted and
layered soils should be ripped and tilled at a uniform eight- to twelveinch depth to improve the consistency and tilth of the soil.
NOTES:
Soil and water analyses are recommended when the soil texture, soil Ph
and water quality are in doubt. This is necessary in order to recommend
soil amendments and water treatment when required. If possible,
pre-irrigate the installation site when the soil is too dry to till and trench.
Plant Material Classification and Planting Layouts
Emitter and lateral spacings are determined by soil and plant material
classifications. For design purposes, two general plant classifications are
used: 1) trees, shrubs and ground cover, and 2) turf. Turf plantings have
a much more intense and compact root structure, thus requiring a closer
emitter and lateral spacing to efficiently irrigate these areas.
Planting layouts determine the size and type of irrigation design
necessary to provide uniform moisture distribution. Individual or isolated
planting areas separated by large expanses of unplanted areas or
hardscapes require individual grids that provide moisture within the
foliage canopy of the landscaped area.
5
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ General Design Parameters
NOTES:
Narrow, linear tree and shrub plantings require narrow, linear subsurface grids consisting of two to four laterals. More intense plantings that provide a complete foliage canopy at maturity require a
grid design that applies uniform moisture levels within the foliage
canopy (turf, groundcover, and dense shrub and tree plantings).
Use the Spacing Guidelines Table (Table 1.2) to determine the
proper emitter and lateral spacing.
Emitter and Dripline Selection
Toro offers the following types of dripline products:
Installation Type
Dripline
DL2000® 5⁄8”
Drip In® 5⁄8”
Microline 1⁄4” 0.5 GPH No 6”, 12” Yes X X
Soakerline™ 1⁄4” 0.5 GPH No 6”, 12” No X
Tubing
Dia.
Flow
Rate
0.5 &
1.0 GPH
0.5 &
1.0 GPH
Pressure
Comp.
Yes 12”, 18” Yes X X
Yes 12”, 18” No X
Emitter
Spacing
ROOTGUARD®
Protected
Below-
Grade
At-Grade/
Mulched
Over
TABLE 1.1
6
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ General Design Parameters
NOTES:
Using 1/4” dripline
Toro’s two 1/4” dripline offerings, Microline and Soakerline, are
ideal for small, tight areas because of their flexibility. They can
also be used to loop around trees and bushes. They’re often used
to retrofit sprinkler risers and bubblers to subsurface drip because
they easily attach to a multi-outlet manifold.
Spacing Guidelines
Soil Type
Medium Sand
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
Loam
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
Clay
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
* For Subsurface Only
TABLE 1.2
Emitter
Spacing
12”
12”
18”
12”
18”
18”
Row
Spacing
18”
12”
18”
18”
24”
18”
Emitter
Flow
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
0.5 GPH
0.5 GPH
Burial
Depth*
4”
4”
6”
4”
6”
4”
Dripline Placement From Edges
Consideration of dripline location is necessary when laying out
zone edges. Hardscape materials act as heat collectors and cause
landscape edges to dry out before the center of the landscape,
making it essential to compensate by placing the first driplines no
more than two to four inches from the landscape edge. In uncontained landscape areas, start the first dripline two to four inches
outside of the planted area. In subsurface applications specifically
watering turf, add dripline over the supply and flush manifolds to
ensure that these edges have adequate moisture coverage.
Wind
As with all total-coverage irrigation systems, attention must be given to windward turf edges in high-wind areas to prevent browning. Place the first dripline no more than two to four inches from
the edge of hardscaped areas or two to four inches outside the
turf edge in uncontained landscape areas. Add an extra dripline six
inches from the first line between the first and second lateral lines
on the windward lateral edge.
7
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ General Design Parameters
NOTES:
Slopes
Driplines should be located parallel to the contour of slopes
whenever possible. Since dripline runoff occurs on areas with a
slope of greater than 3%, consideration must be given to dripline
density from the top to the bottom of the slope. The dripline on the
top two-thirds of the slope should be placed at the recommended
spacings for the soil type and plant material in use. On the lower
one-third, the driplines should be spaced 25% wider. The last dripline can be eliminated on slopes exceeding 5%. For areas exceeding
ten feet in elevation change, zone the lower one-third of the slope
separately from the upper two-thirds to help control drainage.
Elevation Differences
When utilizing non-pressure-compensating dripline, elevation differences of five feet or more require separate zones or individual
pressure regulators for each six-foot difference on uniform slopes
(see detail number 17, p. 31).
When working with rolling landscapes with elevation differences of
five feet or more within a zone, it is best to use pressure-compensating dripline to equalize pressure differentials created by the elevation differences.
Though vacuum relief valves aren’t necessary when installing Toro
dripline at-grade - even when mulching over - all subsurface irrigation zones must have a vacuum relief valve at the highest point in
order to eliminate the vacuum created by low-line drainage, which
causes soil ingestion. This is especially crucial when the dripline
laterals are placed perpendicular to the contour of the slope as in
street medians. All subsurface dripline laterals within the elevated
area must be connected with an air relief lateral (see detail number
12, p. 28).
In-line spring-check or swing-check valves should be used on slopes
where low-line drainage could cause wet areas in the lowest areas of
an irrigation zone (see detail number 23, p. 34).
8
Design Procedures
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ Typical Design Procedures
Designing a System
Try designing your own dripline system using the diagram shown
below and the tables and information provided in the remainder of
this section. When you have finished the design worksheet, check
your answers on page 17 at the end of this section.
Design a typical dripline installation for zone #1
where the width is 5’ and the length is 50’.
Flat, Sandy Soil Area
Is In Constant Shade
Property
Line
50’
Sandy Soil,
1
23
Flat, Sandy Soil F35% Slope,
Exposed When
Contractor Cut
Into Hill To
Place The House
Shady,
Sandy
Sunny,
Flat,
Sandy
Sunny,
Clay Soil,
Grass
P. O.C
Clay Soil
Property
Line
Point Of
Connection
Allowable Water Supply = 15 GPM
Dynamic Pressure = 45 PSI
Regulated Dynamic Pressure = 25 PSI
Fig. 1
9
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ Typical Design Procedures
NOTES:
Design Worksheet
Use this worksheet to determine the type and quantity of product
required for the system.
DW1 Allowable Water Supply ____________ GPM
DW2 Dynamic Pressure ____________ PSI
Zones*
1 2 3 4 5 6
DW3
Soil Texture
DW4
Plant Type
DW5
Slope %
DW6
Dripline Product
DW7
Emitter Spacing
DW8
Max. Dripline Lateral
Spacing
DW9
Nominal Flow Rate
DW10
Actual Flow Rate
DW11
Max. Run Length
DW12
Exact Lateral Spacing
DW13
Zone Flow (GPM)
* The number of zones may vary depending on the specic needs of each installation. TABLE 2.1
10
Typical Design Steps
Step 1: Obtain or draw a scaled plan of the area to be irrigated.
Step 2: Locate the point of connection on the scaled plan.
■ Determine the water meter size and/or allowable volume
of the water source: ______ GPM (DW1)
■ Verify the regulated dynamic water pressure: ______ PSI (DW2)
At this point in a typical installation, it would be
necessary to select a pressure regulating device to
establish/control the pressure in the system. Since there’s
a number of factors that can apply to a design (slope, length
of run, dripline type — pressure-compensating vs.
non-pressure-compensating), a regulated dynamic pressure of
25 PSI has been chosen for this example.
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ Typical Design Procedures
Step 3: Note the site and environmental parameters.
■ Soil texture (clay, loam or sand): ____________ (DW3)
■ Plant material(s) (trees, shrubs, ground cover or turf):
____________ (DW4)
■ Direction and degree of slope: ______________% (DW5)
Step 4: Lay out the laterals.
■ Use Table 2.2 below to determine the type of dripline
product necessary to fit the irrigation needs of the site
(i.e., pressure-compensating or non-pressure-compensating;
microline or dripline).
Dripline product: _______________ (DW6)
Installation Type
Dripline
DL2000® 5⁄8”
Drip In® 5⁄8”
Microline 1⁄4” 0.5 GPH No 6”, 12” Yes X X
Soakerline™ 1⁄4” 0.5 GPH No 6”, 12” No X
Tubing
Dia.
Flow
Rate
0.5 &
1.0 GPH
0.5 &
1.0 GPH
Pressure
Comp.
Yes 12”, 18” Yes X X
Yes 12”, 18” No X
Emitter
Spacing
ROOTGUARD®
Protected
Below-
Grade
At-Grade/
Mulched
Use non-pressure-compensating dripline in
applications with less than 20 PSI pressure
in flat areas.
NOTES:
Over
TABLE 2.2
■ Using the Spacing Guidelines Table below, determine the
maximum recommended spacing between drippers and
spacing between driplines based on plant material and
soil types.
Soil Type
Medium Sand
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
Loam
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
Clay
• Trees/Shrubs/Groundcover
• Turf*
* For Subsurface Only
Emitter
Spacing
12”
12”
18”
12”
18”
18”
Row
Spacing
18”
12”
18”
18”
24”
18”
Emitter
Flow
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
1.0 GPH
0.5 GPH
0.5 GPH
Burial
Depth*
4”
4”
6”
4”
6”
4”
TABLE 2.3
Emitter spacing: ________ inches (DW7)
Maximum dripline lateral spacing: ________ inches (DW8)
11
Landscape Dripline Design _____________________________________________________________
■ Typical Design Procedures
NOTES:
Step 4: Lay out the laterals: (cont.)
■ Using the Spacing Guidelines Table, determine the
nominal emitter flow rate.
Nominal emitter ow rate: __________ GPH (DW9)*
* Actual ow is a function of pressure. Use the Flow
vs. Pressure Table (Table 2.4) to determine actual flow
per emitter: __________ GPH (DW10)
EMITTER FLOW (IN GPH) VS. PRESSURE
Actual Flow
TABLE 2.4
DL2000®
and Drip In®
Microline
and Soakerline™
Tube
Nominal
Dia.
5⁄8” 0.5 GPH 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53
5⁄8” 1.0 GPH 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02
1⁄4” 0.5 GPH 0.50 0.60 0.70 n/a n/a n/a
Flow
15 PSI 20 PSI 25 PSI 30 PSI 35 PSI 40 PSI
■ Determine the maximum recommended run length from
Table 2.5 below for the selected product and pressure.
Maximum length of run: _________ feet (DW11)
MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED LENGTH OF RUN @ 0% SLOPE
DL2000®
and Drip In®
Microline
and Soakerline™
Tube
Dia.
5⁄8” 0.5 GPH 15 PSI n/a 250’ 350’
5⁄8” 1.0 GPH 15 PSI n/a 160’ 240’
5⁄8” 0.5 GPH 25 PSI n/a 360’ 515’
5⁄8” 1.0 GPH 25 PSI n/a 240’ 340’
5⁄8” 0.5 GPH 35 PSI n/a 400’ 565’
5⁄8” 1.0 GPH 35 PSI n/a 260’ 375’
5⁄8” 0.5 GPH 40 PSI n/a 460’ 650’
5⁄8” 1.0 GPH 40 PSI n/a 300’ 430’
1⁄4” 0.5 GPH 20 PSI 19’ 33’ n/a
Nominal
Flow
Initial
Pressure
Spacing Between Emitters
6” 12” 18”
TABLE 2.5
12
_____________________________________________________________Landscape Dripline Design
■ Typical Design Procedures
NOTES:
Step 4: Lay out the laterals: (cont.)
■ Calculate the exact lateral spacing based on the
dimensions of the area to be irrigated with
subsurface drip.
Perimeter
Perimeter Spacing 2”-4”
Widest
Width
Dripline Lateral
Lateral Spacing
Lateral
Area
Perimeter Spacing 2”-4”
Perimeter
TABLE 2.6
A. Measure, in inches, the subsurface drip area at its widest
width.
Width: ________ inches
B. The first and last lateral perimeter spacings can be no
further than two to four inches from the confining
hardscape or two to four inches outside of unconfined
landscapes. For this example we will use 4” spacing.
C. Subtract the sum of the perimeter spacings from the
width to determine the lateral area to be covered by
subsurface driplines.
Width (in inches) – perimeter spacings (in inches)
= Lateral area: ______ inches
13
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