Thermo Orion Star, Orion Star Series User Manual

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Orion Star™ Series Meter

User’s Guide

Analyze • Detect • Measure • Control

™

ROSS and the COIL trade dress are trademarks of Thermo Electron Corporation.

AQUAfast, Cahn, EZ Flash, Ionalyzer, ionplus, KNIpHE, No Cal, ORION, perpHect, PerpHecT, PerpHecTion, pHISA, pHuture, Pure Water, Sage, Sensing the Future, SensorLink, ROSS Ultra, Sure-Flow, TEA Analyzer, Titrator PLUS, TURBO2 and Wine Master are registered trademarks of Thermo.

1-888-pHAX-ION, A+, All in One, Aplus, AQUAsnap, AssuredAccuracy, AUTO-BAR, AUTO-CAL, AUTO DISPENSER, Auto-ID, AUTO-LOG, AUTO-READ, AUTO-STIR, Auto-Test, BOD AutoE Z, Cable-Free, CERTI-CAL, CISA, DataCOLLECT, DataPLUS, digital LogR, DirectCal, DuraProbe, Environmental Product Authority, Extra Easy/Extra Value, FAST QC, Flash Titration, Flash Titrator, GAP, GLPcal, GLPcheck, GLPdoc, ISEasy, KAP, LabConnect, LogR, Low Maintenance Triode, Minimum Stir Requirement, MSR, NISS, One-Touch, One-Touch Calibration, One-Touch Measurement, Optimum Results, Orion Constellation Software, Pentrode, pHuture MMS, pHuture Pentrode, pHuture Quatrode, pHuture Triode, Quatrode, QuiKcheK, rf link, ROSS, ROSS Resolution, SAOB, SMART AVERAGING, Smart CheK, SMART STABILITY, Stacked, Stat Face, The Enhanced Lab, ThermaSense, Triode, TRIUMpH, Unbreakable pH, Universal Access are trademarks of Thermo.

Guaranteed Success and The Technical Edge are service marks of Thermo.

PerpHecT meters are protected by U.S. patent 6,168,707.

PerpHecT ROSS are protected by U.S. patent 6,168,707.

ORION Series A meters and 900A printer are protected by U.S. patents 5,198,093, D334,208 and D346,753.

ionplus electrodes and Optimum Results solutions are protected by US Patent 5,830,338.

ROSS Ultra electrodes are protected by US patents pending 6,793,787.

Orion ORP Standard is protected by US Patent 6,350,367.

Orion NoCal electrodes have patent pending.

The specifications, descriptions, drawings, ordering information and part numbers within this document are subject to change without notice.

This publication supersedes all previous publications on this subject.

Table of Contents

Chapter I Introduction

Password Protected Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

AUTO-READ™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Stirrer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2

SMART STABILITY™ and SMART AVERAGING™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-2

Chapter II Display

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II-1

Chapter III Keypad

Convenience Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2

Audible Signals & Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2

Automatic Shut-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-2

Icon Deﬁnitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III-3

Chapter IV Preparation

Installing the power adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-1

Installing batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-2

Connecting the electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-4

Turning on the Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV-6

Chapter V Generic Menu Setup

Navigation Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-1

General Menu Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-2

Time/Date/Day Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-4

Continuous, Timed, or AUTO-READ™ Measurement Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-6

Stirrer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-7

Getting Started with GLP Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-8

Password Protected Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-10

Selecting Measurement Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-11

Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-12

Calibration Alarm Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-13

Chapter VI Data Archiving and Retrieval

Datalog Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-1

Log view. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-2

RS-232 Instrument Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI-3

Chapter VII pH Technique

pH Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-1

pH Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII-3

pH Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VII-5

Chapter VIII Dissolved Oxygen Technique

DO Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-1

DO Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-5

Air, Water, Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-7

Winkler Titration Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-9

Probe Zero Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII-10

Chapter IX Conductivity Technique

Deﬁnition of Terms & Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-1

Conductivity Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-4

Conductivity Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-6

Conductivity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX-7

Chapter X ISE Technique

Deﬁnition of Terms & Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-1

Setup Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-2

ISE Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X-4

Autoblank Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-5

ISE Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X-7

Chapter XI mV and ORP Technique

Deﬁnition of Terms & Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-1

Relative mV and ORP(EH) Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-1

mV Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI-2

Chapter XII Orion Star Series Meter Speciﬁcations

Speciﬁcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XII-1

2 & 3-Star Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XII-3

4-Star Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XII-4

5-Star Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XII-6

Chapter XIII Care and Maintenance

Error Codes & Debugging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII-1

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII-7

Chapter XIV Terms and Conditions

Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIV-1

Chapter XV Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV-1

WEEE Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV-2

Chapter I

Introduction

Congratulations! You have selected one of seven models of the industry-leading Orion Star Series meter designed for electrochemistry measurement in the field or in the laboratory.

• 2 & 3-Star meters provide single measurement of pH, Dissolved Oxygen, or Conductivity.

• 4-Star meters provide dual-parameter measurement of pH/DO, pH/Conductivity, or pH/ISE (ion selective electrode).

• The 5-Star meter provides multi-parameter measurement including mV/ORP.

Built to meet the demands of busy, multi-user laboratories or plant environments, all meters are microprocessor controlled aiding in the delivery of accurate and precise measurements. The waterproof portable meters can even withstand submersion for short periods of time without any negative effect on operation. To better meet the needs of users in environmental protection and control, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and consumer product laboratories, the Orion Star Series include these key features:

•

Password Protected Methods – Meter’s memory will save up to ten custom measurements and calibrations for future reference. Password protection of each method eliminates any tampering with methods as multiple users access only the procedure most appropriate to their work.

•

AUTO-READ™ – The instrument automatically starts a measurement and automatically prints or logs data when the reading becomes stable.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Thermo Electron CorporationI-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Introduction

• Stirrer Control – Benchtop meters have stirrer control for the Orion 096019 Stirrer and the Auto-Stir™ BOD probe eliminating the need for additional stir plates and stir bars.

•

SMART STABILITY™ and SMART AVERAGING™ – Remove the guesswork by automatically compensating for measurement conditions thus optimizing response time.

An easy-to-reference pictorial style Quick Guide, attached to each meter, supports daily use.

Please read this manual thoroughly before using your benchtop or portable meter. Any use outside of these instructions could invalidate your warranty and/or cause permanent damage to the meter.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Chapter II

Display

General Description

Throughout a given process, the LCD on any Orion Star Series meter provides

Temperature and Calibration data. The setup only appears when the meter is

in setup mode. The indicates an error condition; when displayed with the , a

sensor quality issue exists.

, and functions will be discussed in greater detail on page V-6 and VI-1.

Depicted here is the primary LCD of the 5-Star meter capable of multi-parameter measurement.

Temperature

Calibration

5 Star Meter

pH/ISE/ORP Unit

Conductivity Unit

DO Unit

Thermo Electron CorporationII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Display

Note: the lowest 3 lines of data correspond to what is being measured. s

pH, mV, Rel mV, or ISE

Conductivity, TDS, Salinity, or

Resistivity

Dissolved Oxygen % Saturation,

DO Concentration, or Barometric Pressure

Units of measure, displayed on the right side of the screen, will flash until the reading is stable.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Chapter III

Keypad

General Description

Keypad layout is the same for all Orion Star Series meters. The portable meters have 9 keys. The benchtop meters have 10 keys due to the addition of a button.

Power

Back Light

View Log

Measure Save/Print

Scroll Up

Calibrate

Setup

Scroll Down

Digits

Stirrer On/Off

Measure Save/Print

View Log

Power

Line Select

Digits

Setup

Calibrate

Back Light

Portable Keypad

Benchtop Keypad

Line Select

Thermo Electron CorporationIII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Keypad

The center area of the ergonomically designed keypad is the focal point for setting up and navigating the meter. In particular, and / are used frequently to change LCD views.

Convenience features include:

• Display Backlight – A quick press of the will turn the backlight “on” and “off”. When the meter is operating on battery power, the backlight will automatically turn “off” after two minutes to conserve power. When batteries are low, the backlight will no longer turn “on”.

•

Automatic Shut-off – All Orion Star Series meters will shutdown after 20 minutes without a keypress. This maximizes battery power on portable meters or benchtop meters being run on battery power.

•

Audible Signals – The meter will beep whenever a key is pressed providing immediate verification that the user’s input was received.

•

Visual Alarm Signals – Flashing and indicate calibration settings need adjustment. For more detail, refer to subsequent sections of this manual discussing specific measurement techniques.

To become familiar with each function, please review these icon definitions.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Keypad

Icon Deﬁnitions

Key Description Key Description

• Turns meter on, if shut off.

• Toggles backlight on & off, if meter is on.

• If meter is on, holding down will turn off the meter.

• Changes measurement mode of the selected line.

• Changes selected line in Setup, Methods & Log View.

• Edits the value of the flashing digit for Setup, Password entry, and Calibration.

Switches arrow on left of the screen between 3 display lines to select and edit.

Changes selected digit to edit and moves decimal point when changing values in Setup, Password entry, & Calibration.

Starts calibration for currently selected line and measurement mode.

• If arrow is pointed to the top line and the current units are pH, will start a pH calibration.

• Each time is pressed in the calibration it will accept the current point value and move to the next cal pt until the max # of cal pts are performed, then it will return to measurement mode.

• Print & Log a measurement in continuous or timed measurement mode.

• Prints, Logs, & Freezes screen when the reading becomes stable.

• Exits SETUP and returns to measurement mode.

• Accepts Cal pt and returns to measurement mode.

Enters SETUP menu starting with selected line and measurement mode:

If arrow is pointed to top line and current units are ISE, then will enter the ISE setup screen.

Enters LOG View & Download Screens.

Turns stirrer on & off.

Thermo Electron CorporationIII-4 Orion Star Series Meter

NOTES

IV-1

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Chapter IV

Preparation

Installing Power Adapter

The universal power supply which is included with your benchtop meter is the ONLY power supply source recommended for use with this unit. Use of any other power supply will void your meter warranty.

The external electrical power supply is rated to be operated at 100-240 VAC, 0.5A, 50/60 Hz.

Based on your power source, select one of the three plugs provided – 110V, 220V, 240V – and slide it into the grooves on the adapter. A click will be heard when the plug is properly in place.

Thermo Electron CorporationIV-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Preparation

Installing Batteries

Thermo Orion Star Series meters use four AA Alkaline batteries. Do not use lithium or rechargeable batteries. Improper installation of non-alkaline batteries could create a hazard.

1. Confirm meter is “off”.

2. Gently place meter upside down on a clean, lint-free cloth to prevent scratching of LCD.

3. Remove the battery case cover.

4. Insert new batteries with the “+” pole oriented as depicted in the battery compartment housing.

5. Replace the cover.

6. Stored data, calibrations and methods will remain in the meter’s nonvolatile memory when batteries are being replaced, however, date and time may need to be reset.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Preparation

To access the battery compartment in portable meters, loosen the two screws in the center back of the meter. Note these are captive screws which cannot be completely removed.

Thermo Electron CorporationIV-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Preparation

Connecting the Electrodes

Follow the diagrams below to correctly connect electrodes and probes to the meter. The 5-Star meter is depicted; 4-Star and 3-Star meters will have fewer connections.

Benchtop Meter – Electrode Connections

Portable Meter – Electrode Connections

Stirrer jack,

stirrer or DO

auto stir probe

Reference

pH or ISE

Cond

ATC

8 pin

9 pin

Ground

BNC

Power

RS232

BNC

Cond

ATC 8 pin

DO 9 pin

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Preparation

Some connections serve multiple uses, for example:

• Use the BNC post to connect pH, ISE and ORP combination and sensing electrodes with a waterproof BNC connector.

• Benchtop meters have a pin tip jack for a separate reference electrode. These require an appropriate BNC sensing electrode for measurement.

• The 970899WP Dissolved Oxygen electrode can be used with the BNC connector.

• Use the waterproof 8 pin MiniDIN connector for Conductivity probes. All Orion Star series 2- and 4- electrode cell conductivity probes have built-in temperature sensors.

• The waterproof 8 pin MiniDIN connector is also used for Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC) probes.

• The DO autostir probe uses the waterproof 9 pin MiniDIN connector and the stirrer jack for the smaller probe connector.

Thermo Electron CorporationIV-6 Orion Star Series Meter

Preparation

Turning On the Instrument

With the batteries installed in the portable meters, or either the batteries installed or line power attached to the benchtop meter, press the to turn on the instrument. A quick press of the after the meter has powered up will toggle the backlight on & off. When the benchtop is drawing line power, the backlight will stay “on” until turned “off” with the . To turn “off” the meter press and hold the for 3 seconds.

Thermo Electron Corporation V-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter V

Menu Setup

Navigation Tips

• Press / to scroll through main menu items on the top line. You will see corresponding grey text on the LCD.

• The

enters the setup mode.

• Use to select top, middle or bottom line.

• Use

/ in combination with to edit the

values in selected line.

• Use

to accept changes and return the arrow icon

to the top line.

• Use

to save changes and return to the

measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

General Menu Settings

The following table describes general instrument setup.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Manual Temperature Compensation Setting

gEn dEgC

25.0

-5.0 - 105 25.0

Yes

Stirrer Speed Setting (Benchtop only)

gEn StIr 4

OFF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 4

Yes

Auto-Shut Off Selection gEn

AUtO On

OFF, On On

Yes

•

Manual Temperature setting controls temperature compensation when no temperature sensors are attached to the instrument.

•

Stirrer Speed Setting (benchtop meters only) sets the speed from 1 through 7 with speed 1 being the slowest and 7 being the fastest. A speed of 3 or 4 is recommended for most applications.

•

Auto-Shut Off is the default which automatically turns off the instrument after 20 minutes elapse without a key press. To override this feature, select “Off” and the instrument will continue to operate.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

To access these settings:

1. In the measurement mode press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until

is displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to accept selection and move the arrow icon to

the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll through:

= Manual Temperature Setting

b. = Enable and Set Stirrer Speed

c. = Auto-Shut Off enable/disable

5. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon

to the bottom line.

a. Press

/ to identify and to edit next value.

b. Press to accept the selection and move the arrow

icon to the top line.

6. Press

to return to the measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

Time and Date Setup

The following table describes in greater detail the abbreviations shown on the display screen.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Time: Hour Setting dAtE

HOUr HH12

00 - 23

Sets the hour of the current time in 24Hr format

Yes

Time: Minute Setting dAtE

tInE mm12

00 - 59

Sets the minutes for the current time

Yes

Date Format dAtE

tyPE dmy

mdy, dmy

Month, Day, Year or Day, Month, Year Selection

mdy

Yes

Date: Year Setting dAtE

yEAr 2004

00 - 99

Sets the year for the current date from 2000 to 2099

Yes

Date: Month Setting dAtE

dAtE mm01

01 - 12

Month Setting 01 “Jan” Thru. 12 “Dec”

Yes

Date: Day of the Month Setting

dAtE dAy dd01

01 - 31

Day of the Month

Yes

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

1. In the measurement mode press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until

is displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to confirm setting and move the arrow icon to the

middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll through:

= Current Hour

b. = Current Minute

c. = Format the date stamp as either “mdy”

(month, day, year) or “dmy” (day, month, year)

d. = Current Month (Use numeric equivalents for

months of the year)

e. = Current Day of the Month

f. = Current Year

5. Press

to accept selection and move the arrow icon to

the bottom line.

6. Press

/ and to edit the selected value.

7. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon

to the top line.

8. Repeat steps 3-7 to edit time and date settings as needed.

9. Press

to return to the measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-6 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

Continuous, Timed, or AUTO-READ™ Measurement Selection

The following table describes in greater detail the abbreviations shown on the display screen.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Continuous, Timed, or Auto-Read Measurement Selection

rEAd tyPE COnt

Cont, AUtO, timE

Timed, Continuous, or Auto-Read; Auto Prints and Datalogs in AUTO & Timed Modes

Auto

Yes

Timed Reading Setting rEAd

tImE 00:00

00:05 - 99:61

Timed Readings in Minutes & Seconds

01:00

Yes

To change settings, simply use and / to move between options. Pressing will confirm the change of a value and end the flashing display.

Orion Star Series meters allow you to select your preferred timing for measurement intervals.

• In continuous mode the instrument is constantly making measurements and updating the screen. To Print & Log the measurement in this mode press .

• In timed mode the instrument is constantly making measurements, updating the display, and will automatically log and print data at a pre-selected time interval.

• In the setup menu enter the minutes & seconds between timed readings by pressing / to change the value of the flashing digit. Press to change the digit to be scrolled.

• The minimum time interval is 5 seconds. Acceptable time ranges are: –

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

• In AUTO-READ mode the instrument starts a measurement whenever is pressed. Once the reading becomes stable, the display freezes while data is automatically logged and printed.

• The AUTO-READ mode will also automatically operate the Stirrer Control. It will stop stirring when the reading becomes stable. To set the stirrer speed, press

. Using / to select:

AUTO-READ

Thermo Electron CorporationV-8 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

Getting Started with GLP Methods

The following table describes in greater detail the abbreviations shown on the display screen.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Enable or Disable Methods “Setting”

gLP SEt On

OFF, On

When on will allow storing And using 10 stored Methods

OFF

Enable & Set Instrument Password

gLP PASS 0000

0000 - 9999

Sets the Setup/Method Password; 0000 disables passwords

0000

Method Selection

1. In the measurement mode press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through setup menu until is

displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon

to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll until is displayed.

5. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to

the bottom line.

6. Press

/ to edit the value to .

7. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to

the top line.

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Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

8. Press to return to the measurement mode.

9. Press

10. Press

/ to assign a method number.

11. Press

to implement method and return to measurement mode or press to enter the setup menu for the selected method.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-10 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

Password Selection

Each method can be password protected to prevent unauthorized individuals from changing the setup options.

As a default setting, all Orion Star Series meters are shipped with the Password set to . Retaining this setting allows unlimited access by any user.

To set the Password protection feature:

1. In measurement mode press

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until is displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll until is displayed.

5. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press / and to enter the password.

7. Press to accept the selection and return the arrow icon to the top line.

8. Press to return to the measurement mode display.

When is pressed the password entry screen will appear and the user must enter the password to proceed into the setup menu.

V-11

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

Selecting Measurement Modes

In the measurement mode the arrow icon on the left side of the display screen

indicates which mode is selected. Use / to scroll through the various

modes associated with a selected line. Use to move the arrow icon to the next

line, and then toggle / to scroll through the modes associated with the

selected line.

pH mV Rel mV ISE

Off

μS/cm or mS/cm for conductivity mg/L for TDS ppt for Salinity MΩ-cm for resistivity

Off

%Sat for DO percent saturation mg/L for DO concentration

Barometric Pressure Off

For setup information related to specific techniques, refer to Chapter 7 through Chapter 11 of this manual.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-12 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

Setting Calibration

The indicates calibration mode or calibration setup.

Before beginning a calibration, prepare the electrode or probe according to the instructions received with the electrode. The calibration standards or buffers or calibration sleeve should also be prepared prior to the calibration. After preparing the electrode or probe per manufacturer’s instructions, connect the electrode or probe to the meter. Basic information on proper calibration for each measurement technique is found in the appropriate section of this manual.

General Navigation for Selecting Calibration

1. In measurement mode press until the arrow icon on the left of the screen is pointed toward the measurement mode to the calibrated:

pH, ORP, ISE • Conductivity • DO

2. Press

/ until the appropriate icon is lit for the measurement mode to

be calibrated.

– pH/ORP/ISE

pH icon – pH Calibration

RelmV icon – ORP Calibration ISE icon or no icon – ISE Calibration

– Conductivity Calibration

mS/cm, μS/cm, mg/L, ppt icon and MΩ-cm

– DO Calibration

%Sat or mg/L icon

No icon – Barometer Calibration

3. Then press

to begin the selected calibration.

V-13

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Menu Setup

Calibration Alarm Setup

The following table describes in greater detail the abbreviations shown on the display screen.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Speciﬁc

pH Calibration Alarm Setting

dUE PH 0

0000 - 9999

Time in Hours; 0000 = Cal Alarm Off

0000

Yes

ORP Calibration Alarm Setting

dUE OrP 0

0000 - 9999

Time in Hours; 0000 = Cal Alarm Off

0000

Yes

ISE Calibration Alarm Setting

dUE ISE 0

0000 - 9999

Time in Hours; 0000 = Cal Alarm Off

0000

Yes

Conductivity Calibration Alarm Setting

dUE COnd 0

0000 - 9999

Time in Hours; 0000 = Cal Alarm Off

0000

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Calibration Alarm Setting

dUE dO 0

0000 - 9999

Time in Hours; 0000 = Cal Alarm Off

0000

Yes

The following steps enable calibration alarms:

1. In the measurement mode, press

2. Press / to scroll through the setup menu until is displayed on the top line.

3. Press to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the middle line.

4. Press / to scroll through the measurement modes.

Thermo Electron CorporationV-14 Orion Star Series Meter

Menu Setup

5. Press to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press / and to edit the calibration interval.

7. Press to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the top line.

8. Press to return to the measurement mode display.

Thermo Electron Corporation VI-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter VI

Data Archiving and Retrieval

The Orion Star Series offer all the features required to create printouts of data reports in full compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Data Log roll-over or LOg nO, yES yES yes

Delete on Download Option dEL

Selection yES

Datalog Setup

1. In the measurement mode press the .

2. Press / to scroll through the setup menu until is displayed on the top line of the display.

3. Press to enter setting on the middle line.

4. Press to move to the bottom line.

5. Press / to select either.

a. to indicate automatic log deletion after download to

a computer or printer

b. to roll-over data log when memory is full

6. Press to accept the selection and return to the top line.

7. Press to return to the measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationVI-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Data Archiving and Retrieval

Log View Setup

1. In the measurement mode, press to see displayed.

2. Press

/ to select , or on the

bottom line.

3. Press

to accept the selection.

a. enables display of the log point number on the

Temperature line. The time of the log point on the top line, the date of the log point on the middle line, and the year of the log point on the bottom line.

i. Press / to select log point number to view.

ii. Press to view the selected log point.

iii. Press to return to log point number selection

menu.

b. will output all measurement log points to a

printer or computer.

i. Press to send log.

c. will output all calibrations to a computer or

printer.

i. Press to send log.

4. Press to return to measurement mode.

VI-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Data Archiving and Retrieval

RS-232 Interface Setup

The following table describes in greater detail the abbreviations shown on the display screen.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Specific

Baud Rate Selection r232

bAUd 1200

1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 9600 No

Printout Format r232

OUtF Prnt

Print COmP

Print No

Note: A multi-parameter printout will display the header and footer only once. Each section will be separated by a blank. If display of a particular function is turned “off”, then that section will not be printed. s

1. From the measurement screen press .

2. Use

/ to scroll through the menus until is

displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon

to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to select rate for the serial port.

5. Press

to move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

a. Use / to select one of the values: ,

, , or .

b. Press to accept the entry and move the arrow icon

to the top line.

Thermo Electron CorporationVI-4 Orion Star Series Meter

6. Press

to move the arrow icon to the middle line.

7. Press / to select which controls the output format.

8. Press

to move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

a. Use

/ to select one of the following two values:

i. = printer format

ii. = comma delimited format for integration

with LIMS or data analysis software.

b. Press to accept the entry and move the arrow icon

to the top line.

9. Press

to return to the measurement mode.

Thermo Electron Corporation VII-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter VII

pH Technique

The following table describes pH setup.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Speciﬁc

pH Resolution rES O.1, 0.01, 0.001 0.01

Yes

pH Buffer Set bUF USA (USA/Orion Buffers)

1.68, 4.01, 7.01, 10.01, 12.46 EUrO (Euro Buffers)

1.68, 4.01, 6.86, 9.15

USA

Yes

To access the pH Setup Menu

1. In the measurement mode press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until

is displayed on the top line.

3. Press

to confirm setting and move the arrow icon to the

middle.

Press / to select for Resolution.

5. Press

to select option and move the arrow icon to the

bottom line.

a. Use

/ to set the desired resolution.

Thermo Electron CorporationVII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

pH Technique

6. Press to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the top line.

7. Press

to move to middle line and press / to select for Auto-Buffer setting and press again to move to the bottom line.

8. Press

/ to select either or ; press to accept the selection.

9. Press

to return to measurement mode.

pH Calibration Alarm Setting

The Caution symbol accompanied by the flashing and flashing pH units alerts the operator that pH needs to be recalibrated. In advance of beginning measurements, the operator may select the number hours to elapse before the alarm is affected; a setting of 0000 turns off the calibration alarm. To set the alarm from the setup screen, find dUE/PH, then use / and

to display:

VII-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

pH Technique

pH Calibration for 1-5 Points

The calibration points should bracket the expected pH range of the samples to be measured. Calibration points should be not less than 1 pH unit apart and not greater than 4 pH units apart.

It is recommended that a two buffer calibration, using buffers that bracket the expected sample range, be performed at the beginning of each day to determine the slope and offset of the electrode. This step will also compensate for any changes in the electrode and determine if it is working properly. For optimal accuracy perform a one buffer calibration every two hours to compensate for electrode drift using a fresh aliquot from one of the buffers used in the initial calibration.

Fresh buffers should be used each time you calibrate.

Care should be taken when rinsing the electrode with deionized water and gently blotting all remaining water drops with a lint-free tissue prior to moving the electrode to the next beaker. DO NOT wipe a glass or epoxy electrode body with a tissue as static build up will result.

1. Prepare the electrode for use according to the instructions received with the electrode.

2. In setup mode select the buffer set of NIST (

) or DIN ( ) being used

for the proper buffer recognition to occur.

3. Press

until the arrow icon is pointing to the pH measurement line.

4. Press

5. Rinse the electrode and ATC probe and place into the buffer.

Thermo Electron CorporationVII-4 Orion Star Series Meter

pH Technique

6. Wait for the pH to stop flashing.

a. Auto Buffer Recognition – When the

pH stops flashing the meter will display

the temperature-corrected pH value for the buffer.

b. Manual Calibration – When the

pH stops flashing the meter will display the actual buffer value read by the pH electrode. Use the and / to change the pH value to the temperature-corrected pH value for the buffer.

7. Once the correct buffer value is shown on the meter display, press

to proceed to the next calibration point and repeat steps 5 through 7 or press to save the calibration.

8. The slope will be displayed before the meter returns to the measurement mode. is displayed in the lower field and the actual electrode slope, in percent, is

displayed in the main field.

a. On a 1 point calibration use the

and / to edit the slope then

press to return to the measurement mode.

b. On the 2 or more point calibration the meter will automatically go to

measurement 2 seconds after display of .

After calibration, the electrode and meter are ready to start taking sample measurements. Make sure that the instrument is in measurement mode and

that the pH is lit. If the is not lit, press to return to measurement mode. If the pH is not lit, press until the arrow on the left of the display is pointing at the top line. Then press until the pH lights. You are now ready to start measuring.

The man display indicates manual pH calibration was performed. The numbers on the top of the display indicate which pH Auto buffers were used in the last calibration.

VII-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

pH Technique

pH Measurements

1. Rinse the electrode, as well as ATC probe and stirrer if being used, in deionized

water. Blot dry with a lint-free tissue. Do not wipe glass electrodes as static charge will build up on the sensor.

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is enabled then pressing will start the stirrer.

The

will flash until the reading is stable. Once the reading is stable you can Log & Print the measurement by pressing the . If you are recording the data into a notebook, record the pH as well as the temperature at which the pH reading is taken. If the stirrer is in motion, press to turn off the stirrer before removing the stirrer from the sample.

b. If you are in AUTO-READ™ mode then press

to start the measurement. Once the reading is stable the meter will automatically Log & Print the results and freeze the display. If the stirrer is enabled, then the stirrer will turn on when is pressed and turn “off” once the reading has stabilized.

When using the AutoStir™ BOD Probe, pressing the button on the probe will

start the AUTO-READ measurement.

c. If you are in Timed Measurement mode then the meter will start making

measurements as soon as it goes into measurement mode at the frequency selected in setup. It will automatically Log & Print each measurement. If you are using the benchtop meter and the stirrer control is enabled then pressing will start the stirrer. Pressing again will turn off the stirrer.

Thermo Electron CorporationVII-6 Orion Star Series Meter

pH Technique

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. When all samples have been measured, rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry. Consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Thermo Electron Corporation VIII-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter VIII

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

Dissolved Oxygen Setup Options

The following table describes Dissolved Oxygen setup.

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Speciﬁc

Dissolved Oxygen %Saturation Resolution

DO rES 1

1, 0.1

DO % Saturation Resolution

0.1

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Resolution

DO rES

0.1

0.1, 0.01

DO Concentration “mg/L” resolution

0.01

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Barometric Pressure Compensation Selection

DO bAr AUtO

AUtO, mAn

Selects Internal Barometer or Manual Pressure

AUtO

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Manual Barometric Pressure Setting

DO PrES

760.0

450.0 - 850.0

Manual Pressure Compensation Value

760.0

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Salinity Correction Selection

DO SAL AUtO

AUtO, mAn

Selects Method of Salinity Correction; Meters w/Cond Only

AUtO

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Manual Salinity Correction Factor

DO SALF 0

0 - 45

Manual Salinity Correction Factor

Yes

Dissolved Oxygen Calibration Type Selection

DO CALt Air

Air, H2O, mAn, SEt0

Air = Water Sat Air, H2O = Air Sat Water, mAn = Manual, SEt0 = Zero Cal

Air

Yes

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

DO Setup Steps

1. From the Measurement mode, press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until is displayed on the

top line.

3. Press

to confirm the setting and move the arrow icon to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll through:

+ % Sat = % Saturation Resolution

b. + mg/L = Concentration Resolution

c. = Barometer Type (Auto/Manual)

d. = Manual Pressure Compensation

e. = Automatic/Manual Salinity Compensation

f. = Manual Salinity Correction

g. = Calibration Type

5. Press to select the option and move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press

/ and to enter the value. The previous table identifies what

you will see on the display and the range of values which may be entered.

7. After entering a value, press

to complete programming of that option and

move the arrow icon to the top line. Repeat steps 3 through 7 for all options.

8. Press

to return to measurement mode.

VIII-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

Special Features

Before beginning DO setup, note these special features:

• The resolution selection automatically engages the Orion Star Series’ SMART STABILITY™ & SMART AVERAGING™ algorithms to optimize the accuracy, precision, and response of the DO measurement.

• Orion Star Series meters include an internal barometer for pressure compensation. In general we recommend using the internal barometer, but you may wish to use manual pressure compensation if you are measuring DO with a submerged probe or in a pressurized vessel where the probe is exposed to higher pressures than the meter.

• DO Manual Pressure Setting screen will only appear if Manual Barometric

Pressure compensation has been selected. The pressure in entered in mm of Hg (Mercury). See the following table to convert from other units

pressure.

hPa (mBar) mm Hg (torr) Inches Hg lbf/in2 (PSI)

1 hPa (mBar) 1 0.75006 0.02953 0.014504 1 mm Hg (torr) 1.3332 1 0.039370 0.019337 1 Inches Hg 33.864 25.400 1 0.491154 1 lb/in2 (PSI) 68.9475 51.7149 2.03602 1

Example: To convert 14.7 PSI to mm Hg, multiply 14.7 by 51.7149 to get

760.21 mm Hg. s

• Automatic DO Salinity Correction Selection is only available on 4-Star and 5-Star meters designed to measure conductivity as well as DO. On these meters, the instrument automatically takes the conductivity reading to calculate the salinity correction factor then applies that to the DO measurement.

• A conductivity probe must be used in addition to the DO probe for automatic

salinity correction.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

• The user may disable the automated process by selecting the setting

rather than .

• DO Manual Salinity Correction Factor Setting adjusts the dissolved oxygen

concentration in mg/L based on the samples salinity. Use the following table to select an appropriate salinity factor. A typical value for Sea Water is 35, but does vary considerably based on location.

Conductivity in mS/cm

Salinity Value

Conductivity in mS/cm

Salinity Value

Conductivity in mS/cm

Salinity Value

5 3 20 13 35 25 6 4 21 14 36 25 7 4 22 15 37 26 8 5 23 15 38 27 9 6 24 16 39 28 10 6 25 17 40 29 11 7 26 18 42 30 12 8 27 18 44 32 13 8 28 19 46 33 14 9 29 20 48 35 15 10 30 21 50 37 16 10 31 22 52 38 17 11 32 22 54 40 18 12 33 23 56 42 19 13 34 24

Salinity depending on the conductivity at 20 ˚C

ppt = Parts per Thousand Salinity

This table was calculated from the International Oceanographic Tables. International Oceanographic Tables, Vol. 1, National Institute of Oceanography of Great Britian, Womley, Godaming, Surrey, England and Unesco, Paris 1971

VIII-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

DO Calibration

Prior to calibration the probe must be prepared and polarized.

• The DO probe is continuously polarized when connected to the meter. When first connected, or after an interval of more than 60 minutes has elapsed since the probe was last connected, allow 30 to 60 minutes for polarization. Interrupted connections of less than one hour will take 5 to 25 minutes for the readings to stabilize.

• Zeroing the Probe – a DO probe can generate a 0.02 to 0.05 mg/L positive error in an oxygen free (anoxic) solution. If this error is unacceptable, then zero the probe when using a new sensing membrane, using fresh filing solution, or when measuring dissolved oxygen below 1 mg/L or 10% saturation.

An air calibration should be done prior to the zero calibration.

1. In the measurement mode press

2. Press

/ until is shown on the top line.

3. Press

to confirm the setting and move the arrow to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll to .

5. Press

to select setting and move arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press

/ to select one of the following calibration modes.

denotes calibration performed in water saturated air using the air calibration sleeve. This is generally the simplest and most accurate calibration method. It is also the meter’s default setting. If the calibration selection in has not been changed, then pressing will automatically perform an Air calibration. Due to the inherent differences between watersaturated air and air-saturated water, upon stability, the air standard is set to

102.3 % saturation.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-6 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

i. The highest possible accuracy is reached when calibration temperature is

the same as the measuring temperature.

ii. Moisten the sponge or absorbent cloth in the calibration sleeve with

water and insert the probe into the sleeve, but without touching the water saturated material. For BOD measurements, this calibration can be performed in a BOD bottle.

iii. For oxygen levels below 1 mg/L, a second zero calibration point is often

required.

b. denotes Water Calibration performed using a water sample that is

100% saturated with air. It is the least commonly used calibration method.

c. display denotes manual calibration using a water sample with a know

concentration of dissolved oxygen. It can be used to calibrate the sensor to the value achieved by a Winkler titration.

i. A Winkler calibration involves performing a manual Winkler titration and

then using that sample as a standard. The titration oxygen level result is entered in a Winkler calibration as the DO standard value. This correlates the meter input to the Winkler titration. Note, this method is inherently less accurate due to the possibility of titration errors introduced when the calibration is set to the titration test results

d. is a zero calibration, which is used for very low level DO

measurements. Not generally required unless you are making measurements below 5% Saturation or 0.5 mg/L.

7. The probe and calibration standard (water-saturated air or air-saturated water) should be allowed to reach equilibrium before the system is calibrated.

8. Press

to accept selection and return the arrow icon to the top line.

9. Press

to return to measurement mode.

VIII-7

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

Calibrating with Water Saturated Air

The calibration function must be enabled in Setup before the calibration is started.

1. Prepare the calibration sleeve

* by removing the reservoir cap from the bottom of the sleeve. Remove the sponge from the cap and saturate it with water. Squeeze all excess water out of the sponge so that it is merely damp. Replace the sponge into the cap and replace the cap onto the calibration sleeve.

* A standard 300 mL BOD bottle may also be used for AIR calibration.

Fill the bottom of the bottle with 50 mL of distilled water. Be sure to use the BOD funnel accessory (Orion Cat. Nos. 080360 or 080160, depending on the probe in use). Place the probe into the funnel so that it is just above the stirring paddle. Ensure that there are no drops of water on the surface of the membrane. Ensure that the water level is 1/2 inch below the tip of the probe. Allow at least 30 minutes for the bottle to equilibrate.

2. Place the dissolved oxygen probe into the calibration sleeve. Ensure that the probe membrane does not come into contact with the sponge in the calibration sleeve. Also ensure that there are no drops of water on the membrane.

3. Make sure Setup has

calibration set.

4. To initiate the Air calibration, press

. The “cal” indicator

will light up.

5. While the electrode signal is stabilizing, the meter will flash a dissolved oxygen reading (based upon the current calibration data) in the main field. Once the input has stabilized, 102.3 % saturation will be displayed for three seconds. The meter will return to measure mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-8 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

Water Calibration

The calibration function must be enabled in Setup before the calibration is started. When stability is reached, the water standard is set to 100 % or the corresponding concentration value.

The highest possible accuracy is reached when calibration temperature is the same as the measuring temperature.

1. Prepare the calibration standard by bubbling air through a beaker of stirred deionized water for at least one hour. Ensure that the stirring is vigorous enough to provide adequate mixing yet not forceful enough to create a vortex in the beaker. Make sure that the water level is high enough to fully submerge the probe thermistors, which are located inside the metal band above the membrane cap. Ensure that no air bubbles accumulate on the surface of the membrane.

Note: Some magnetic stirrers generate enough heat to change solution temperature. To avoid this, place a piece of cardboard, foam rubber or other insulating material between the stir plate and sample beaker. s

2. Place the dissolved oxygen probe into the aerated water so that the sensors are immersed. Ensure that there are no air bubbles accumulating on the membrane.

3. To initiate the Water calibration, press

. The “cal”

indicator will light up.

VIII-9

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

4. While the electrode signal is stabilizing, the meter will flash a dissolved oxygen reading (based upon the current calibration data) in the main field. Once the input has stabilized, 100.0 % saturation will be displayed for three seconds.

5. The slope value (

) will then be displayed. The meter

will return to measure mode.

Calibration to the Winkler Titration Method

Many regulatory agencies require the determination of dissolved oxygen in water to be referenced to the Winkler Titration Method. The Meter allows the user to scroll the dissolved oxygen measurement to correlate with the value obtained from the Winkler titrated sample. The calibration function must be enabled in Setup before the calibration is started.

1. Place the dissolved oxygen probe into the sample. Make sure that the water level is high enough to fully submerge the probe thermistors, which are located inside the metal band above the membrane cap. Ensure that the stirring is vigorous enough to provide adequate mixing yet not forceful enough to create a vortex in the beaker. Ensure that there are no air bubbles accumulating on the membrane.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-10 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

2. To initiate the Winkler titration calibration, press . The “cal” indicator will light up.

3. While the electrode signal is stabilizing, the meter will flash a dissolved oxygen reading (based upon the current calibration data) in the main field. Once the input has stabilized, the concentration value, which corresponds to saturation at the current temperature, pressure and salinity, will be displayed.

4. The concentration value should then be adjusted to the value that was obtained via the Winkler titration. Use / and to enter value. Press to accept the concentration value.

5. The slope value (

) will then be displayed for three

seconds. The meter will then return to measure mode.

Probe Zero Calibration

If the expected sample range is at the lower end of the dissolved oxygen scale, you may want to perform a zeroing of your probe. If the probe exhibits any residual current, this calibration will compensate for it. A Probe Zero calibration should always follow as the second point determination of a two-point calibration. To remove the effects of a Probe Zero calibration, perform an Air, Water or Winkler calibration as a onepoint calibration. To perform a Probe Zero calibration, follow the steps outlined below.

VIII-11

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

1. Perform either an , , or (Winkler) calibration before continuing with the Probe Zero calibration. See the appropriate calibration procedure above.

2. Enable the

calibration function in Setup before the

calibration is started.

3. Prepare an oxygen scavenging solution, such as sodium sulfide. Add 15 grams of sodium sulfide to 250 mL of deionized water. Stir until most of the salt has dissolved. Transfer the solution into a BOD bottle. Place the overflow funnel into the bottle so that it is snugly sealed.

4. Place the probe into the bottle ensuring that the thermistor is fully submerged in the solution. Place the bottle on a magnetic stirrer and stir gently.

5. Allow the solution to eliminate all oxygen from the membrane module. This should take at least 5 minutes.

6. To initiate the Probe Zero calibration, press

. The “cal”

indicator will light.

7. While the electrode signal is stabilizing, the meter will flash a dissolved oxygen reading (based upon the current calibration data) in the main field. Once the input has stabilized, will be displayed.

8. The user must press

to zero the probe.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-12 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

9. The slope value will then be displayed for three seconds. The meter will then return to measure mode.

10. After performing the probe zeroing, thoroughly rinse the probe with deionized water.

Note: Prior to using the BOD funnel and bottle again, be sure to remove all traces of the oxygen scavenging solution for accurate measurements. s

DO Measurememts

1. Rinse the electrode, as well as ATC probe and stirrer if being used, in deionized water. Blot dry with a lint-free tissue. Do not wipe glass electrodes as static charge will build up on the sensor.

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is enabled then pressing will start the stirrer.

The

b. If you are in AUTO-READ™ mode then press

VIII-13

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

When using the AutoStir™ BOD Probe, pressing the button on the probe will

start the AUTO-READ measurement.

c. If you are in Timed Measurement mode then the meter will start making

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. When all samples have been measured, rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry. Consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Thermo Electron CorporationVIII-14 Orion Star Series Meter

Dissolved Oxygen Technique

NOTES

Thermo Electron Corporation IX-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter IX

Conductivity Technique

Deﬁnitions of Terms

Before proceeding with instrument setup, the user is advised to become familiar with the following concepts:

• Conductivity Linear Temperature Compensation

is a default setting in the

Orion Star Series meters.

• The conductivity of a solution with a specific electrolyte concentration changes with temperature. The relationship of the change in conductivity as a function of temperature is described by a solution’s temperature coefficient. Temperature coefficients vary with each solution. Some examples are shown in the table which follows. This meter uses 2.1%/˚C as the default linear temperature coefficient, which is representative of many aqueous samples, to compensate for temperature changes. The meter has an adjustable temperature coefficient of

0.0 to 10.0%/˚C.

Table IX-1 – Typical Temperature Coefficients Between 25 and 50 ºC (Percent

change of Conductivity per ºC)

Solution %/˚C

Ultrapure Water 4.55 Salt (NaCl) Solutions 2.12 5% NaOH 1.72 Dilute Ammonia 1.88 10% HCl 1.32 5% Sulfuric Acid 0.96 98% Sulfuric Acid 2.84 Sugar Syrup 5.64

Thermo Electron CorporationIX-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Conductivity Technique

• Conductivity TDS Factor: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) refers to the dissolved inorganics in a solution. These dissolved inorganics will carry a current and will be reflected as a conductivity reading. Since a relationship can be shown between conductivity and TDS, a conductivity reading can be used as an estimation of the presence of inorganics.

• The standard method of determining TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) is by evaporating the sample to dryness at 180 ˚C and weighing the residue. After evaporating the sample, one would have to calculate a specific “factor” for the solution by taking the TDS value obtained in weighing and dividing it by the conductivity of the sample. This factor would then be multiplied by the subsequent conductivity readings to obtain the TDS value of the sample as referenced in Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater.

• This Meter allows the operators to enter their own TDS factor for the

calculation of the TDS value in mg/L, with a selectable range from 0.01 to

10.00 and a default value of 0.49. The default value for TDS factor on the meter is 0.49, which is a reasonable estimate of a TDS factor for natural water applications.

• Auto-Calibration for conductivity uses a default cell constant to determine the value of the conductivity standard. In order for the instrument to Auto-recognize a conductivity standard it must know the cell constant within a factor of 3. So the meter needs a nominal cell constant for the probe being used. If the real cell constant was 1.0 then having an estimate of any value between 0.3 and 3.0 would be sufficient to determine which standard was being used and therefore determine the standards temperature corrected value for calibration.

• The instrument Auto-recognizes Orion conductivity standards

1413 μS/cm,100 μS/cm, and 12.9 mS/cm only.

IX-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Conductivity Technique

• Conductivity Temperature Reference: By definition, temperature compensated conductivity of a solution is the conductivity which that solution exhibits at the reference temperature. The temperature is chosen to be either 25 ˚C, 20 ˚C, or 15 ˚C. A measurement made at the reference temperature needs no compensation. The closer the sample is to the reference temperature, the smaller the error will be if the meter temperature coefficient is incorrect. The meter automatically compensates for temperature changes based on the temperature coefficient and the reference temperature when a temperature measurement is simultaneously made.

• Conductivity Cell Type & Manual Ranging: This allows you to select a Standard ( ) cell where the conductivity plates are parallel to each other, or Planar ( ) where the conductivity plate are on the same plane. Almost all conductivity cells are of the Standard arrangement. This also allows the user to fix the meter in one range. This can be useful with extremely long cables where cable capacitance could cause non-linearities due to the drive frequency change between ranges.

Thermo Electron CorporationIX-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Conductivity Technique

Conductivity Setup

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Speciﬁc

Conductivity Temperature Compensation Selection

COnd tC LIn

OFF, LIn, nLF

Selects Temp Comp OFF, Linear, or Ultra-pure Water

Lin

Yes

Conductivity Linear Temperature Compensation Coefﬁcient Setting

COnd COEF

2.1

0.0 - 10.0

Linear Temp Compensation Coefﬁcient in %/C

2.1

Yes

Conductivity TDS Factor Setting

COnd tdSF

0.49

0.00 - 10.0

TDS factor

0.49

Yes

Conductivity AutoCalibration Default Cell Constant Setting

COnd CELL

0.475

0.001 - 199.0

Cell Constant used for Cond Auto-Standard

0.475

Yes

Conductivity Temperature Reference Selection

COnd trEF 25

15, 20, 25

Conductivity Reference Temperature

Yes

Conductivity Cell Type & Manual Ranging Selection

COnd tyPE PLnr

PLnr, Std, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Standard, Planer Cond Cell Or sets Manual range 1-7

Std

Yes

1. In the measurement mode press

2. Press

/ to scroll through the Setup Menu’s until is displayed on

the Top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the middle line.

IX-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Conductivity Technique

4. Press / to scroll through the following Conductivity settings:

•

= Temperature Compensation Selection. The users may elect to turn

temperature compensation , select linear temperature compensation, or a non-linear temperature compensation for natural and ultra-pure water.

• = Temperature coefficient for (linear) temp compensation

expressed in % /C.

• = TDS Factor for Total Dissolved Solids measurement

• = Conductivity Cell Constant (nominal cell constant used for

Auto-Calibration)

• = Reference temperature for temperature compensation. Options

are degrees C, degrees C, or degrees C.

• = Conductivity cell type (Planar or Conventional)

5. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press

/ and to edit value.

7. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow to the top line.

8. Repeat steps 3-7 to edit conductivity settings as needed.

9. Press

to return to measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationIX-6 Orion Star Series Meter

Conductivity Technique

Conductivity Calibration for 1-5 Points

• Select a conductivity probe with an appropriate cell constant for the expected conductivity of the samples to be measured. A flow cell is recommended for greater low level measurement accuracy. Fresh standards should be used for each calibration.

• Verify the correct reference temperature has been selected in the conductivity setup menu.

• All conductivity calibrations are performed in mS/cm or μS/cm. The other measurement modes of conductivity are calculated using the cell constant determined from the calibration measurement parameters selected in the setup menu.

1. Prepare the probe for use according to the probe user guide or operator’s manual.

2. In the measurement mode press

until the arrow icon is pointing to the

conductivity measurement line.

3. Press

4. Rinse the probe and place into the conductivity standard.

5. To perform a Manual Calibration – The screen will display the cell constant on the bottom line and the conductivity value on the middle line. Use

and / to change the cell constant until the displayed conductivity value matches the conductivity of the conductivity standard at the measured temperature.

• If you do not start changing the cell constant within 5 seconds the meter will automatically proceed to the AutoCal™/DirectCal™ screen.

IX-7

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Conductivity Technique

6. To perform an AutoCal or Direct Calibration – Wait for the µS/cm or mS/cm icon

to stop flashing.

• AutoCal – When the

µS/cm or mS/cm icon stop flashing the meter will

display the temperature corrected value of the conductivity standard.

• Direct Calibration – When the

µS/cm or mS/cm icon stop flashing the meter will display the actual conductivity value read by the conductivity probe. Use and / to change the conductivity value to the actual value of the conductivity standard at the measured temperature.

7. Press

to proceed to the next calibration point and repeat steps 4 through 6

or press to save and end the calibration.

8. After the value for the last standard has been entered the cell constant will be displayed appears in the lower field and the actual constant appears in the main field. The meter will automatically advance to the measurement mode. The is displayed above the main field.

To Take a Conductivity Measurement

1. Rinse electrode and place into sample. Record conductivity directly from the main meter display when the mS/cm or μS/cm icon stops flashing indicating a stable value. Temperature is displayed in the top left corner of the display.

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is enabled then pressing will start the stirrer.

Thermo Electron CorporationIX-8 Orion Star Series Meter

The

b. If you are in AUTO-READ™ mode then press

When using the AutoStir™ BOD Probe, pressing the button on the probe will

start the AUTO-READ measurement.

c. If you are in Timed Measurement mode then the meter will start making

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. When all samples have been measured, rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry. Consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Thermo Electron Corporation X-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter X

ISE Technique

Deﬁnition of Terms and Concepts

• ISE Resolution selects the number of significant digits displayed in measurement mode. In addition, the resolution selection is used by SMART STABILITY™ & SMART AVERAGING™ algorithms to optimize the accuracy, precision, and response of the ISE measurement.

• ISE Units denote the units to be displayed in measurement & calibration. Both measurement and calibration must be performed in the same units.

• ISE Calibration Standard Concentration Range selects the stability criteria to be used in the ISE calibration. For most calibrations the

setting is the best option. The setting can improve the accuracy of low concentration measurements by allowing the sensor a longer amount of time to stabilize in the calibration standard.

• ISE Auto-Blank Correction uses Thermo’s patented Auto-Blank algorithm to compensate for sensor non-linearities in low-level measurements. Since these require the use of a set of non-linear equations that can only be calculated numerically, the user cannot analytically verify the calibration. In applications were analytical verification is a requirement, the user can choose the turn the Auto-blank correction .

Thermo Electron CorporationX-2 Orion Star Series Meter

ISE Technique

ISE Setup Options

Description Display Range of Values Default

Value

Method Speciﬁc

ISE Resolution ISE

rES 1

1, 2, 3

ISE Resolution in Signiﬁcant Digits

Yes

ISE Units ISE

UnIt PPb

M, mG/L, per, PPb, nOnE

ISE Units Displayed

PPb

Yes

ISE Calibration Standard Concentration Range

ISE rAng HIgH

LOw, HIgH

Stability criteria used during ISE Calibration

HIgH

Yes

ISE Auto-Blank Correction ISE

nLIn AUtO

AUtO, OFF

Enables or Disables Calibration Auto-Blank

AUtO

Yes

1. In the measurement mode press

2. Press

/ to scroll through the setup menu until is displayed on the

top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move to the middle line.

4. Press

/ to scroll through the following options:

•

= Resolution

•

= ISE Measurement units

• M = Molar

• mG/L = mg/L

• PEr = Percent

• PPb = Parts per Billion

• nOnE = No units

X-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

ISE Technique

• = ISE Measurement range

• HIgH

• LOw

• = Non-linear Blank Correction

• OFF

• AUtO

5. Press

to accept the selection and move the arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press

/ and to edit the selected value.

7. Press

to accept the selection and return the arrow icon to the top line.

8. Repeat steps 3 through 7 to edit ISE settings as needed.

9 Press

to return to measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationX-4 Orion Star Series Meter

ISE Technique

Preparation of Standards

The standards should be prepared in the same ISE units as required by the sample results. It is preferable to use serial dilutions with volumetric glassware to obtain the different concentration levels.

Note: Any reagents such as ionic strength adjustors, should be added to samples and standards as specified in the electrode User Guide or Instruction Manual. s

The calibration points should bracket the expected concentration range of the samples and there should be a tenfold change in concentration (i.e. 1 ppm and 10 ppm or 10 ppm and 100 ppm).

Fresh aliquots of standard should be used at each calibration.

Prior to each day’s measurements, a two or more point calibration should be performed. To verify the calibration the electrode should be placed in a fresh aliquot of standard and if the value has changed the electrode should be recalibrated.

Recommended slopes are given with electrode instructions.

It is recommended that the calibration and sample measurements be taken at the same temperature for greater accuracy and reproducibility.

Note: For greater low-level measurement accuracy, a new low-level ISE calibration option is available. An additional rinse of the electrode with the next standard or sample solution is recommended for any low level measurements. s

X-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

ISE Technique

Autoblank Correction

Blank correction occurs automatically when calibrating with three or more standards. This feature automatically calculates and corrects for background levels of the species of interest.

Auto-Blank correction can be turned off in ISE setup as described in the ISE setup instructions.

ISE Setup Options

1. In measurement mode press .

2. Press

/ to scroll through setup menu until ISE is displayed on the

top line.

3. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to the middle line.

4. Press

/ until is displayed on the middle line.

5. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to the bottom line.

6. Press

/ to scroll:

•

– Auto Blank correction OFF

• – Auto Blank correction ON

7. Press

to accept the selection and move arrow icon to the top line.

8. Press

to return to the measurement mode.

Thermo Electron CorporationX-6 Orion Star Series Meter

ISE Technique

ISE Calibration for 1-5 Points

1. Prepare the electrode and standard for use according to the electrode user guide or instruction manual.

2. Press

until the arrow icon is pointing to the ISE measurement line.

3. Press

4. Rinse the electrode and place into the standard.

5. Wait for

ISE to stop flashing. Press / and to change the value of

the standard.

6. Press

to proceed to the next calibration point and repeat steps 4-6 or press

to save the calibration.

7. The slope will be displayed before the meter returns to the measurement mode.

is displayed in the lower field and the actual electrode slope, in mV, is

displayed in the main field.

Note: For a 2 or more point calibration the meter will automatically proceed

to measurement mode after 3 seconds. For a 1 point calibration the meter will allow you to edit the slope then press to proceed to measurement mode. s

Note: If editing a negative number for slope: s

a. Press until no digit is blinking and the arrow icon is blinking.

b. Press / to change the sign of the slope.

c. Press to save.

X-7

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

ISE Technique

ISE Measurement

After calibrating the electrode the meter is ready to start making measurements.

Make sure that the instrument is in measurement mode ( is lit) and that the ISE

is lit. If the is not lit press to return to measurement mode. If the ISE is

not lit, press until the arrow on the left of the display is pointing at the top line.

Then press until the ISE lights. You are now ready to start measuring.

1. Rinse the electrode in deionized water.

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is disabled, then pressing will start the stirrer. The ISE will flash until the reading is stable. Once the reading is stable you can Log & Print the measurement by pressing . If the stirrer is on, press to turn off the stirrer before removing the stirrer from the sample.

b. If you are in AUTO-READ™ mode then press

to start the measurement. Once the reading is stable the meter will automatically Log & Print the results and freeze the display. If the stirrer is enabled then the stirrer will turn on when is pressed and turn off once the reading has stabilized.

c. If you are in timed measurement mode then the meter will start making

measurements at the frequency you have specified during setup. It will automatically Log & Print each measurement. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is enabled, then pressing will start the stirrer. Pressing again will turn off the stirrer.

Thermo Electron CorporationX-8 Orion Star Series Meter

ISE Technique

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. Once your are finished measuring samples, rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry. Then consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Thermo Electron Corporation XI-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter XI

mV and ORP Technique

Deﬁnition of Terms and Concepts

• mV is a raw input reading and therefore does not have a user calibration.

• The Orion Star Series meter can measure the absolute millivolts from pH, ISE, or ORP sensors.

Relative mV and ORP (EH) Calibration

Note: Auto-Calibration for ORP requires an Orion ORP electrode and Orion ORP calibration standards (Cat. Nos. 967901 and 967961). s

1. Prepare the electrode and standard for use according to the electrode User Guide or Instructions Manual received with the electrode.

2. Press

until the arrow icon is pointing to the pH/RmV measurement line.

3. Press

/ until RmV is lit.

4. Press

5. Rinse the electrode and place into the ORP standard.

6. Wait for the

RmV to stop flashing. When the RmV stop flashing the meter will display the temperature – corrected mV value as compared to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE or NHE) for the Orion ORP standard.

7. Press

to save the calibration.

Thermo Electron CorporationXI-2 Orion Star Series Meter

mV and ORP Technique

If performing a manual calibration, when the RmV stops flashing, press / and to change the value, then press or to accept the standard value and return to measurement mode. Use the temperature chart on the standard bottle or instruction sheet to enter the appropriate value for the temperature and reference type being used.

mV Measurement

Make sure that the instrument is in measurement mode (the is lit) and that the arrow on the left of the display is pointing at the top line. Then press /

until the mV lights. The mV will now be displayed. This mode is very helpful in troubleshooting because it displays the input signal being received from the electrode.

If the is not lit, press to return to measurement mode. If the mV is not lit, press until the arrow icon is pointing at the top line. Then press / until the mV lights. You are now ready to make measurements.

1. Rinse the electrode in deionized water.

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is disabled then pressing will start the stirrer. mV will flash until the reading is stable. Once the reading is stable you can Log & Print the measurement by pressing . If the stirrer is on press to turn off the stirrer before removing the stirrer from the sample.

XI-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

mV and ORP Technique

b. If you are in AUTO-READ mode then press to start the measurement.

Once the reading is stable the meter will automatically Log & Print the results and freeze the display. If the stirrer is enabled then the stirrer will turn on when is pressed and turn off once the reading has stabilized.

c. If you are in timed measurement mode then the meter will start making

measurements as soon as it goes into measurement mode at the frequency set in setup. It will automatically Log & Print each measurement. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is disabled then pressing will start the stirrer. Pressing again will turn off the stirrer.

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then

place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. Once you have finished measuring samples, rinse the electrode with deionized

water and blot dry. Then consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Relative mV & ORP (EH) Measurement

After calibrating the electrode the meter is ready to start making measurements.

Make sure that the instrument is in measurement mode (the is lit) and that the

Rel mV is lit. If the is not lit press to return to measurement mode. If the

Rel mV is not lit, press the until the arrow on the left of the display is pointing

at the top line. Then press / until the Rel mV lights. You are now ready to

start measuring.

1. Rinse the electrode in deionized water.

Thermo Electron CorporationXI-4 Orion Star Series Meter

mV and ORP Technique

2. Place the electrode in your sample.

a. If you are in continuous measurement mode, the instrument will start

measuring immediately. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is disabled then pressing will start the stirrer. The Rel mV will flash until the ready is stable. Once the ready is stable you can Log & Print the measurement by pressing . If the stirrer is on press to turn off the stirrer before removing the stirrer from the sample.

b. If you are in AUTO-READ™ mode then press

to start the measurement. Once the ready is stable the meter will automatically Log & Print the results and freeze the display. If the stirrer is enabled then the stirrer will turn on when is pressed and turn off once the reading has stabilized.

c. If you are in timed measurement mode then the meter will start making

measurements as soon as it goes into measurement mode at the frequency set in setup. It will automatically Log & Print each measurement. If you are using the benchtop meter & the stirrer control is enabled then pressing will start the stirrer. Pressing again will turn off the stirrer.

3. Remove the electrode from the sample and rinse with deionized water, then place it in your next sample and repeat step 2.

4. Once you have finished measuring samples, rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry. Then consult your electrode manual for proper electrode storage instructions.

Thermo Electron Corporation XII-1Orion Star Series Meter

Chapter XII

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations

Environmental Operating Conditions

Portable and Benchtop Meters

Ambient Operating Temperature 5 to 45 °C Relative Humidity 5 to 85%, Non-Condensing Storage Temperature - 20 to + 60 °C Storage Humidity 5 to 85%, Non-Condensing Pollution Degree 2 Overvoltage Category II Altitude up to 2000 m Weight Portable: 0.45 kg

Benchtop: 0.91 kg

Size Portable: 4.8 cm (H) x 9.7 cm (W) x 21.3 cm (D)

Benchtop: 9.4 cm (H) x 17.0 cm (W) x 22.4 cm (D) AC powered Meters Indoors Use Only Battery operated meters Indoors/Outdoors

Wall Adapter Environmental Conditions

Ambient Operating Temperature 0 to 40 °C Relative Humidity 20 to 90%, Non-Condensing Storage Temperature - 20 to 85 °C Storage Humidity 20 to 90%, Non-Condensing Pollution Degree 2 Overvoltage Category II Operating Altitude up to 2000 m Storage Altitude up to 3000 m Benchtop Meters Indoors Use Only

Thermo Electron CorporationXII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations (cont’d)

Regulatory and Saftey

CE, CSA, TÜV, UL, FCC Class limits

Case Material

ABS

Shock and Vibration

Vibration, Shipping/Handling Per ISTA #1A Shock, Drop Test in Packaging Per ISTA #1A

Enclosure (designed to meet)

IP67 (Portable Meter) IP54 (Benchtop Meter)

Note: If the products described in this manual are used in a manner that is not specified by Thermo Electron the protection provided by the equipment maybe impaired. s

XII-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations

2 & 3-Star Meter Speciﬁcations (Benchtop & Portable)

2, 3-Star pH

pH Range - 2.000 to 19.999

Resolution 0.1/0.01/0.001 Relative accuracy ± 0.002

ORP mV/RmV/Eh Range ± 1999.9

Resolution ± 0.1 Relative accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.5%, whichever is greater

3-Star DO

DO Concentration 0.000 to 90.00 mg/L

Relative Accuracy 0.2 mg/L % Saturation 0.0 to 600 Salinity factor 0 to 45 ppt Barometric pressure 450 - 850 mm Hg

3-Star Conductivity

Conductivity Range 0 - 5000 mS/cm cell constant dependent

See probe speciﬁcation for the cell constant Resistivity 0.0001 to 100 Megohms Salinity 0.01 to 80.0 ppt NaCl TDS 0.0 to 19.999.0 mg/L Cell Constant 0.001 to 199.9 Reference temperature 15 °C, 20 °C or 25 °C (default), autoranging

Note: 2-Star Benchtop pH meter does not include methods, password, calibration alarms, backlight, stirrer, remote control, computer output format, and is limited to 3-point calibration, 50 datalog points, and a range of 0.000 to 14.000 pH units.

Thermo Electron CorporationXII-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations

4-Star Meter Speciﬁcations (Benchtop & Portable)

4-Star pH/ISE

pH Range - 2.000 to 19.999

Resolution 0.1/0.01/0.001 Relative accuracy ± 0.002

ISE Concentration Range 0.0 to 19,900.0

Units M, mg/L, %, ppb, none Resolution 1, 2, or 3 sig. Digits Relative Accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.05%, whichever is greater mV/RmV ± 1999.9

ORP mV/RmV/Eh Range ± 1999.9

Resolution ± 0.1 Relative accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.5%, whichever is greater

4-Star pH/DO

pH Range - 2.000 to 19.999

Resolution 0.1/0.01/0.001 Relative accuracy ± 0.002

DO Concentration 0.000 to 90.00 mg/L

Relative Accuracy 0.2 mg/L % Saturation 0.0 to 600 Salinity factor 0 to 45 ppt Barometric pressure 450 - 850 mm Hg

ORP mV/RmV/Eh Range ± 1999.9

Resolution ± 0.1 Relative accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.5%, whichever is greater

XII-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Orion Star Series Speciﬁcations

4-Star pH/Conductivity

pH Range - 2.000 to 19.999

Resolution 0.1/0.01/0.001 Relative accuracy ± 0.002

Conductivity Range 0 - 5000 mS/cm cell constant dependent

ORP mV/RmV/Eh Range ± 1999.9

Resolution ± 0.1 Relative accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.5%, whichever is greater

Thermo Electron CorporationXII-6 Orion Star Series Meter

5-Star Meter Speciﬁcations (Benchtop & Portable)

5 Star pH/ISE/DO/Cond

pH Range - 2.000 to 19.999

Resolution 0.1/0.01/0.001 Relative accuracy ± 0.002

ISE* Concentration Range 0.0 to 19,900.0

Units M, mg/L, %, ppb, none Resolution 1, 2, or 3 sig. Digits Relative Accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.05% whichever is greater mV/RmV ± 1999.9

DO Concentration 0.000 to 90.00 mg/L

Relative Accuracy 0.2 mg/L % Saturation 0.0 to 600 Salinity factor 0 to 45 ppt Barometric pressure 450 - 850 mm Hg

Conductivity Range 0 - 5000 mS/cm cell constant dependent

ORP mV/RmV/Eh Range ± 1999.9

Resolution ± 0.1 Relative accuracy ± 0.2 mV or 0.5%, whichever is greater

* 5-Star pH/DO/Cond meter is also available in a portable model.

Chapter XIII

Care and Maintenance

The Orion Star Series meters combine simple three-button operation with exceptional long-life performance. Rugged enough for the most challenging environmental laboratory and field applications, all housings are dustproof and splash proof. The benchtop meters are rated IP54. The handheld meters are rated IP67 and may be immersed for up to one hour with no water incursion; they even float!

Regular maintenance should include dusting and wiping the unit with a damp cloth. A mild water-based detergent may be used if necessary.

Spills should be removed immediately using the proper procedure for the type of spill.

Error Codes & Debugging

If an error code is displayed on the screen, the user must press to clear.

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

E001 No Model Number Yes Memory Corrupted

Contact Customer Service

E002 No HW Calibration Yes Memory Corrupted

Contact Customer Service

E003 Bad HW Calibration Yes Memory Corrupted

Contact Customer Service

E004 RTC Failure Yes HW Transient or Failure

Reset Meter, if error reoccurs contact Customer Service

E005 User out of range Yes HW Transient

or Failure

Re-enter value. Check speciﬁcations for range of correct values

E033 Keypad Failure Yes Hardware problem or

user missed hitting one of the keys during the test

Re-run the self test to insure you have a hardware problem, then contact Customer Service

XIII-1

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-2 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

E034 Input Failure Yes Hardware problem or

BNC shorting cap not attached during self test

Attach BNC shorting cap and return the self test

E035 Password Wrong Yes User entered

incorrect password

Re-enter the password If you have forgotten your password contact Customer Service

E036 User Entered

Wrong Value

Yes User entered value is

out of range

Re-enter value. Check speciﬁcations for range of correct values

E038 Log Full Yes User setup as delete on

download & data log is full

Download the datalog or change setup to delete on download off. This will start over writing the oldest log values.

E105 Auto-Buffer Failure Yes Auto-buffer not

recognized, will only happen in remote control

Contact Customer Service

E?? Memory Error Yes A memory read, write,

verify, or checksum error This is ANY error message starting with E. The 2nd 2 digits refer to what memory section failed.

Clear error and if repeats return for service.

F01 No DO board in DO

meter

Yes Meter is missing DO board Return for service

F02 No FET board in

FET meter

Yes Meter is missing FET

board

Return for Service

F05 An option board is

installed and none is required

Yes Meter has a DO or FET

board installed and it’s not used in this model

Return for service

XIII-3

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

pH Events/Errors

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

105 pH Auto-Buffer

Failure

Yes Auto-buffer not

recognized, will only happen in remote control

• Check that electrode is in correct buffer.

• Check that correct buffer set in selected in the method setup.

• Clean electrode & reﬁll reference electrode

• Perform a manual calibration. Some electrodes may operate outside of the range for pH autocalibration. This may be a sign of electrode aging and is normal.

107 pH Calibration

Standard Error

Yes The milivolts being

measured are the same for two different standards.

• Check that the two different buffers are being used and that the electrode is in the correct buffer.

• Make fresh buffers and repeat the calibration.

109 Bad pH Slope Yes The pH slope is not in

the range of 80% to 120%

• Repeat calibration using fresh buffers

• Clean electrodes and reﬁll reference electrode

• Refer to electrode instruction on how to check electrode

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-4 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

ISE Events/Errors

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

306 ISE Blank Error Yes The meter is unable to

calculate a blank value. This error occurs when Auto Blank is enabled in setup and a three or more point calibration has been performed, when one solution has been deﬁned as zero concentration and the actual concentration of the blank is substantially greater then the least concentrated standard. This can also occur during a one or two point calibration if one of the standards is deﬁned as zero.

• Check to make sure electrodes were placed in the proper standards and blank solution and recalibrate.

• Repeat calibration using fresh standards and blank solution.

• Repeat using two standards of known concentration other then zero.

307 ISE Calibration

Standard Error

Yes The milivolts being

measured are the same for two different standards.

• Check that the two different standards are being used and that the electrode is in the correct standard.

• Make fresh standards and repeat the calibration.

309 Bad ISE Slope Yes The pH slope is

not in the range of

- 99 to + 99 mV/Decade

• Repeat calibration using fresh standards

• Clean electrodes and reﬁll reference electrode

• Refer to electrode instruction on how to check electrode

XIII-5

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Conductivity Events/Errors

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

705 Conductivity

Auto-Standard Failure

Yes Auto-standard

not recognized, will only happen in remote control

• Check that electrode is in correct standard.

• Recalibrate using fresh standards

• Check that the appropriate cell constant is entered in the method setup.

• Clean electrode

• Replatinize conductivity cell (if applicable)

707 Conductivity

Calibration Standard Error

Yes The conductance

being measured is the same for two different standards.

• Check that the two different standards are being used and that the electrode is in the correct standard.

• Make fresh standards and repeat the calibration.

709 Conductivity

Cell Constant

Yes The cell constant

is not in the range of 0.001 to

199.0

• Repeat calibration using fresh standards

• Clean electrodes

• Replatinize conductivity cell (if applicable

DO Events/Errors

Error Code

Description

Press to Clear

Cause Trouble Shooting

809 Bad DO Slope Yes The DO slope is

not in the range of 3.92 to 19.7 nano-amps / %saturation

• Repeat calibration

• On Air calibration make sure sponge in calibration sleeve is damp.

• On water calibration make sure water is saturated with air by bubbling but stirred to prevent keep bubbles off the membrane surface.

• Polish the cathode and replace the membrane cap and ﬁll solution.

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-6 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Troubleshooting

Conductivity

1. Temperature coefficient entry screen doesn’t show up in Setup.

• or is selected for the temperature compensation in Setup. Change conductivity temperature compensation to and the next screen allows the manual entry of the temperature coefficient.

2. Conductivity goes out of range when it should still be in range.

• Check that the Cell Type selected in setup is and not one of the manual ranging numbers 1 – 7.

Dissolved Oxygen

1. Manual barometric pressure entry screen doesn’t show up in Setup.

• Auto is selected for barometric pressure compensation in setup. Change pressure compensation to manual and the next screen will be the manual pressure entry screen.

2. Manual salinity factor entry screen doesn’t show up in Setup.

• Auto is selected for salinity correction in setup. Change salinity correction to manual and the next screen will be the salinity factor entry screen.

3. The Auto-stir DO probe doesn’t turn on when is pressed.

• Read Type must be set as Auto and a stirrer speed must be set to operate initiate auto-read & stirring from the BOD probe button.

ISE

1. It takes several minutes for the readings to stabilize in calibration.

• Concentration range in setup maybe set too low. Change setting to high.

• ISE may need maintenance, refer to the ISE electrode User Guide.

2. Auto-blank correction gives slope that is too low or cannot be manually checked.

• Turn Auto-Blank correction off in Setup.

XIII-7

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

General

1. The display freezes and will not change value.

• The meter is in Auto-Read mode. Press to start a new measurement, or switch to continuous measurement in setup.

2. The Timed reading time entry screen doesn’t show up in setup.

• Measurement type is set to Auto-Read or Continuous mode in setup. Change to Timed mode and the next screen will be the timed reading time setting menu.

3. When I hit the Calibration key the display says “wAIt”.

• The meter is printing out and cannot enter calibration until printing is complete. If the meter is at a default baud rate of 9600 then this should rarely occur and not last more then a second before preceding to calibration. If it’s set to a lower baud rate the delay could be several seconds.

4. The meter did not accept my setup changes. When I return to setup it still has

the old values.

• You either went back to the wrong setup or did not accept the value you entered by pressing the line select key before pressing measure to return to measurement mode.

5. How can I abort a calibration?

• Pressing and holding will abort any operation and return you to measurement mode.

6. My printout is just a string of numbers and units with commas.

• The printout format in setup is set for computer output. Change this to Printer output.

• The “SYSTEM” command was issued within 30 seconds of the printout.

7. When I press , the stirrer doesn’t work.

• Go into setup and select a stirrer speed. The current setting is probably OFF.

• The unit was running on batteries in a bench top unit.

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-8 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Self-Test Instructions

1. Power up the meter and wait until the SW revision is displayed, then press .

2. The display will then fully light and remain lit.

3. Once you have visual checked that all display segment have lit press again

and this will turn off the display.

4. After visually confirming that all the display elements are turned off, press

again the display will show KEY.

5. Press each key on the meter. If each key isn’t pressed in 5 seconds it will

display “Err” on the middle line & “033” on the bottom line indicating a key failure. Press to clear the error and complete the self-test.

6. If all the keys are functioning then the meter will restart and go to measurement

mode.

7. If you get the error 034 during the self-test, check that the shorting cap is

installed on the meter.

8. Reject the meter if any errors are reported during self-test.

XIII-9

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Example printouts

The examples below show the printer version of the RS232 output. If the user has selected the computer output, then the data will be presented in the same order, but only the raw data (no labels or units) will be given in a comma separated format. User fields will not be output in the computer format. A user field is a label with a line after it, such as “Sample # ____________”. In the example printouts, this computer output text will be in red.

Example of a pH printout using “printer” setting:

3-Star BENCHTOP pH Meter S/n 123456 SW rev 1.29 Method # 5 06-29-2004 09:05:27 pH 10.45 pH mV -183.3 mV Temperature 25.0 C Calibration # 3 Log # 2 Sample # ____________

Example of a pH printout using “computer” setting:

112,123456,28,5,06-29-2004 09:05:27,-183.3,mV,10.45,pH,25.0,C,3,2

Note that the sample # and operator lines are not shown in the computer printout. Blank lines are also skipped. Units are given directly after a measurement. If a measurement does not have units, then this field will be blank.

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-10 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Meter power-up, calibration and measurement printout header

Each printout will start with a particular style of header, shown below. For ease of documentation maintainability, this header is not shown in the examples below.

found., computer format is only 3 digits) Serial number Meter S/n 123456 SW rev SW rev 1.29 Method number Method # 5 Date & Time 06-29-2004 09:05:27 Calibration number & type Calibration # 3 PH Blank

Please note that the calibration number & type is only printed for calibrations, and the type can be one of the following options: pH, ORP, ISE, Planar Conductivity, Conductivity, DO air, DO zero, DO water, DO man.

Example of mV Measurement

MV mV -183.3 mV Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

XIII-11

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Example of pH Measurement

PH pH 10.45 pH MV mV -183.3 mV Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of ISE Measurement

Concentration Concentration 100 ppb (or M or% or mg/L) mV mV 100.1 mV Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of ORP Measurement

Relative mV Relative 120.1 mV Absolute mV Absolute 100.1 mV Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________

Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of Conductivity Measurement

Conductivity Conductivity 1413 µS/cm Conductance Conductance 30.2 mS

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-12 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Temp. Coefficient Temp. Coefficient 10.0 %/C (or OFF, or NLF) Temp. Reference Temp. Reference 25.0 C Cell Constant Cell Constant 1.00 /cm Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of Resistivity Measurement

Resistivity Resistivity 100.0 Mohm-cm Conductance Conductance 30.2 mS Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Temp. Coefficient Temp. Coefficient 10.0 %/C (or OFF, or NLF) Temp. Reference Temp. Reference 25.0 C Cell Constant Cell Constant 1.00 /cm Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of TDS Measurement

TDS TDS 100.0 mg/L Conductance Conductance 30.2 mS Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Temp. Coefficient Temp. Coefficient 10.0 %/C (or OFF, or NLF) Temp. Reference Temp. Reference 25.0 C TDS Factor TDS Factor 0.49 Cell Constant Cell Constant 1.00 /cm

XIII-13

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of Salinity Measurement

Salinity Salinity 100.0 ppt Conductance Conductance 30.2 mS Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Cell Constant Cell Constant 1.00 /cm Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of DO Measurement

Concentration Concentration 100.0 mg/L % Saturation Saturation 60.0 %sat Current Current 100.0 nA Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Barometric Pressure Barometric Pressure 760.0 mmHg Salinity Correction Salinity Correction 20.0 ppt Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-14 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Example of a multi-parameter printout

A multi-parameter printout is the same as the above printouts, with the exception of a few minor changes.

1. the header and footer is only printed once.

2. Each section is separated by a blank line. The print out is determined by what is

on the display.

3. If a particular line is turned off, then that section will not be printed out.

4. If all lines are turned off, nothing other than the header will get printed.

PH pH 10.45 pH MV mV -183.3 mV Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Calibration number Calibration # 2 Blank line Conductivity Conductivity 1413 uS/cm Conductance Conductance 30.2 mS Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Temp. Coefficient Temp. Coefficient 10.0 %/C (or OFF, or NLF) Temp. Reference Temp. Reference 25.0 C Cell Constant Cell Constant 1.00 /cm Calibration number Calibration # 7 Blank line Concentration Concentration 100.0 mg/L % Saturation Saturation 60.0 %sat Current Current 100.0 nA Temperature Temperature 25.0 C Barometric Pressure Barometric Pressure 760 mmHg

XIII-15

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Salinity Correction Salinity Correction 20 ppt Calibration number Calibration # 3 Log number Log # 2 Operator Operator ____________ Sample ID Sample # ____________

Example of pH Calibration

Cal. Pt. 1 Point 1 pH 1 pH 2.00 pH mV 1 MV 190.0 mV Temp. 1 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 2 Point 2 pH 2 pH 4.55 pH mV 2 mV 173.0 mV Temp. 2 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Manual Blank line Cal. Pt. 3 Point 3 pH 3 pH 7.00 pH mV 3 mV 0.0 mV Temp. 3 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 4 Point 4 pH 4 pH 10.01 pH mV 4 mV -170.0 mV Temp. 4 Temperature 25.0 C

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-16 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 5 Point 5 pH 5 pH 13.85 pH mV 5 mV -192.0 mV Temp. 5 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Slope P1 - P2 Slope 1 98.1 % Slope P2 - P3 Slope 2 99.2 % Slope P3 - P4 Slope 3 100.3 % Slope P4 - P5 Slope 4 98.4 % E01 Eo 1 50.1 mV E02 Eo 2 50.1 mV E03 Eo 3 50.1 mV E04 Eo4 50.1 mV Operator Operator _____________

Example of ISE Calibration

Cal. Pt. 1 Point 1 Concentration 1 Concentration 10.0 ppb mV 1 mV 190.0 mV Temp. 1 Temperature 25.0 C Cal. Type 1 Cal. Type: Manual Blank line Cal. Pt. 2 Point 2 Concentration 2 Concentration 23.1 ppb mV 2 MV 173.0 mV Temp. 2 Temperature 25.0 C

XIII-17

Orion Star Series Meter

Thermo Electron Corporation

Care and Maintenance

Cal. Type 2 Cal. Type: Manual Blank line

Cal. Pt. 3 Point 3 Concentration 3 Concentration 40.0 ppb mV 3 MV 0.0 mV Temp. 3 Temperature 25.0 C Cal. Type 3 Cal. Type: Manual

Blank line Cal. Pt. 4 Point 4 Concentration 4 Concentration 50.0 ppb mV 4 MV -170.0 mV Temp. 4 Temperature 25.0 C Cal. Type 4 Cal. Type: Manual

Blank line Cal. Pt. 5 Point 5 Concentration 5 Concentration 60.0 ppb mV 5 MV -192.0 mV Temp. 5 Temperature 25.0 C Cal. Type 5 Cal. Type: Manual

Blank line Slope P1 - P2 Slope 1 59.1 mV/dec Slope P2 - P3 Slope 2 59.2 mV/dec Slope P3 - P4 Slope 3 59.6 mV/dec Slope P4 - P5 Slope 4 59.4 mV/dec E01 Eo 1 50.1 mV E02 Eo 2 50.1 mV E03 Eo 3 50.1 mV E04 Eo4 50.1 mV Blank correction blank 0.123 ppb Operator Operator _____________

Thermo Electron CorporationXIII-18 Orion Star Series Meter

Care and Maintenance

Example of Conductivity Calibration

Cal. Pt. 1 Point 1 Conductivity 1 Conductivity 100.0 µS/cm Conductance 1 Conductance 10.0 mS Temp. 1 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 2 Point 2 Conductivity 2 Conductivity 1413 uS/cm Conductance 2 Conductance 32.2 mS Temp. 2 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 3 Point 3 Conductivity 3 Conductivity 12.9 mS/cm Conductance 3 Conductance 67.2 mS Temp. 3 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Auto Blank line Cal. Pt. 4 Point 4 Conductivity 4 Conductivity 111.9 mS/cm Conductance 4 Conductance 100.0 mS Temp. 4 Temperature 25.0 C Auto/Manual Cal. Type: Aut Blank line Cal. Pt. 5 Point 5 Conductivity 5 Conductivity 200.0 mS/cm Conductance 5 Conductance 150.5 mS

Thermo Orion Star, Orion Star Series User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual