Thermo DCT7088 User Manual

DCT7088

PORTABLE DIGITAL CORRELATION

TRANSIT TIME ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER

USER MANUAL

P/N 1-0561-007

Rev C (04/04)

DCT7088 PORTABLE TRANSIT TIME

ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER

FIRMWARE

VERSIONS 6.00 ONWARD
USER MANUAL

APRIL 2004

REV. C

NOTICE

Read this manual thoroughly before working with the product. For personal and system safety
and for optimum performance, make sure you thoroughly understand the contents before
installing, using, or maintaining this instrument.

For equipment service needs outside the United States contact your nearest Thermo Electron
representative. Within the United States, Thermo’s service department is your single-point
contact for all Thermo equipment service needs. If at any time you are not sure what to do, you
have a question about using the product, or you have a service or support request, call Thermo
at 713.272.0404.

Thermo Electron Corporation
Process Instruments division
9303 W. Sam Houston Parkway S.
Houston, TX 77099 USA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web: www.thermo.com

Disclaimer:

Thermo Electron Corporation (Thermo) makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this manual.
However, we cannot be responsible for errors, omissions, or any loss of data resulting from errors or omissions. Thermo
reserves the right to make changes to the manual or improvement to the product at any time without notice.

The material in this manual is proprietary and cannot be reproduced in any form without express written consent from
Thermo.

Trademarks/Copyrights:

Acknowledgements for trademarks/copyrights used in this manual belong to:
Dow Corning® is a registered trademark of Dow Corning Corporation.

Excel® for Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation
IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines.
Krautkramer® is a registered trademark of Agfa-Gevaert Group.
Sil-Glyde® is a registered trademark of American Grease S tick Company .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Product Overview ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Theory of Operation .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Transit Time Accuracy....................................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Ordering............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.5 Technical Specifications.................................................................................................................... 3

1.5.1 Performance ............................................................................................................................... 3

1.5.2 Functional............................................................................................................... ..................... 4

1.5.3 Physical ...................................................................................................................................... 4

1.6 External Features .............................................................................................................................. 5

1.7 Breakout Box Components ................................................................................................................ 6

2. Wiring the Current Loop...................................................................................................................... 7

3. Configuring & Operating the Flowmeter ............................................................................................. 8

3.1 The Keypad & Display ...................................................................................................................... 8

3.1.1 Components ................................................................................................................................8

3.1.2 Display Contrast & Backlight ....................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Direct Menu Access.......................................................................................................................... 8

3.3 Using the Arrow Keys to Access Menus ............................................................................................ 9

3.4 Flowmeter Configuration Using Setup Menus .................................................................................. 10

3.5 Quick Setup Configuration ...............................................................................................................11

3.6 Primary Displays ............................................................................................................................ 14

3.6.1 Flow/Net T ot alizer (00) ............................................................................................................... 14

3.6.2 Flow/Velocity (01)....................................................................................................... ............... 14

3.6.3 Flow/Positive Totalizer (02) ........................................................................................................ 14

3.6.4 Flow/Negative T o talizer (03) ....................................................................................................... 14

3.6.5 Signal Strength/Low Signal Cutoff (04) ...................................................................................... 14

3.7 Additional Setup Menus Within the PIPE Submenu......................................................................... 15

3.8 Additional Setup Menus Within the LINER Submenu....................................................................... 15

3.9 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLUID Submenu....................................................................... 16

3.10 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLOW Submenu..................................................................... 16

3.1 1 Additional Setup Menus Within the TOT AL Submenu ..................................................................... 18

3.12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu................................................................ 19

3.13 Additional Setup Menus Within the CALIBR Submenu .................................................................. 22

3.13.1 Zero Set Calibration................................................................................................................. 22

A. Zero Flow Set Method.................................................................................................................. 23

B. Manual Zero Set .......................................................................................................................... 23

3.13.2 Scale Factor Calibration .......................................................................................................... 24

3.13.3 Other CALIBR Submenu Options.............................................................................................24

3.14 Additional Setup Menus Within the 4-20 mA Submenu.................................................................. 25

3.15 Additional Setup Menus Within the ALARMS Submenu ................................................................. 27

3.15.1 Programming the Alarm .......................................................................................................... 27

3.15.2 Viewing Alarms ........................................................................................................................ 28

3.16 Additional Setup Menus Within the DA TA LOG Submenu .............................................................. 28

3.17 Additional Setup Menus Within DIAGNOSTICS Submenu ............................................................. 30

3.18 Additional Setup Menus Within PRINT Submenu........................................................................... 31

.....Table of Contents

4. Wiring & Installing the Transducers .................................................................................................. 33

4.1 Wiring ............................................................................................................................................. 33

4.2 Site Selection & Preparation ........................................................................................................... 33

4.3 Sp acing & Mounting the T ransducers.............................................................................................. 35

4.4 Transducer Mounting Methods ........................................................................................................ 37

4.4.1 V Method ................................................................................................................................... 37

4.4.2 W Method.................................................................................................................................. 38

4.4.3 Z Method ................................................................................................................................... 39

4.4.4 WV and WW Methods .............................................................................................................. 42

4.5 Small Pipe Applications................................................................................................................... 42

5. Emergency Overrides & Master Erase .............................................................................................. 45

5.1 Emergency Overrides ..................................................................................................................... 45

5.2 Performing a Master Erase ............................................................................................................. 45

6. Maintenance & Troubleshooting........................................................................................................ 46

6.1 Replacing the Fuse ......................................................................................................................... 46

6.1.1 Flowmeter Fuse ......................................................................................................................... 46

6.1.2 Breakout Box Fuse .................................................................................................................... 46

6.2 Charging the Printer Battery ........................................................................................................... 46

6.3 Charging the Flowmeter .................................................................................................................. 47

6.4 Replacing Sonic Coupling Compound ............................................................................................. 47

6.5 Troubleshooting & Support .............................................................................................................. 48

6.5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 48

6.5.2 Local Representative Support .................................................................................................... 48

6.5.3 Service & Returns ..................................................................................................................... 48

6.5.4 Upgrades................................................................................................................................... 49

6.6 Warranty S tatement ........................................................................................................................ 49

Appendix A: Pipe Schedules .................................................................................................................. 50

Appendix B: Fluid Properties................................................................................................................. 54

B.1 Fluid Sound Velocities & Kinematic V iscosities............................................................................... 54

B.2 Clean Water Sound S peed V ersus Temperature ............................................................................. 67

B.3 Relationship Between Specific Gravity, Viscosity, & Sound Velocity for Petroleum Products.... 68

Appendix C: Monitoring & Downloading Data Logs Using D-Link ...................................................... 69

C.1 Installing D-Link.............................................................................................................................. 69

C.2 Establishing Communications with a Flowmeter .............................................................................. 69

C.3 Monitoring Data Logs ..................................................................................................................... 70

C.4 Saving & Loading Data Logs .......................................................................................................... 71

1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW

1.1 Introduction

The DCT7088 Digital Correlation T ransit Time Flowmeter is a microprocessor-based instrument which
measures the flow of clean, homogeneous liquids (liquids without large concentrations of suspended
particles or gasses such as air bubbles). The flowmeter is noninvasive, which means that it measures flow
from outside the pipe. Its transducers can be mounted to a pipe within a matter of minutes, and flow
measurements may be made without interrupting the flow or modifying pipe work.

The DCT7088 can be configured using an integral keypad for entering variables such as pipe size, pipe
material, wall thickness, and fluid type (refer to Section 3, page 8). The flowmeter can also be remotely
configured and monitored via the RS232 interface mode using the D-Link data link utility (refer to Appendix

C, page 69). Another alternative to flowmeter configuration is to use the UltraScan utility which also

graphically analyzes the signal in a Microsoft® Windows® environment (UltraScan manual provided on
PolyCD).

1.2 Theory of Operation

Sound waves travel in fluids at a specific velocity depending on the type of fluid. If the fluid is moving, the
sound wave travels at a velocity equal to the sum of the speed of sound in the fluid and the velocity of the
fluid itself relative to the transducer . A sound wave traveling in the same direction as the fluid flow (down­stream) will arrive sooner than a sound wave traveling against the flow (upstream). A transit time flowmeter
operates by measuring both the absolute travel time of each sound wave and the difference in time
required for the waves to travel between an externally mounted downstream and upstream transducer
(Figure 1.2-A, below). Based on the transit time of the 2 sound waves, the flowmeter calculates the
average fluid velocity .

Once the differential transit time is calculated, several additional variables must be taken into consider­ation. The overall velocity of the fluid is actually made up of many individual local velocities that vary
according to their distance from the pipe wall. The velocities in the center of the pipe are higher than the
velocities near the pipe wall. The combination of these individual velocities for a specific type of fluid within
a specific pipe yield a velocity distribution known as the flow profile (Figure 1.2-B, page 2), which is a
function of the Reynolds number. By properly configuring the flowmeter, the effects of the flow profile are
taken into consideration when calculating the mean fluid velocity . The flowmeter then multiplies this
velocity by the pipe’s cross-sectional area to obtain volumetric flow .

FIGURE 1.2-A: TYPICAL TRANSIT TIME SYSTEM

1

.....Theory of operation

FIGURE 1.2-B: FLOW PROFILES

1.3 Transit Time Accuracy

Noninvasive ultrasonic measurements are subject to a variety of effects that can influence measurement
accuracy . All ultrasonic instruments are velocity measuring devices and only infer volumetric flow from the
operator-entered parameter of pipe inside diameter (ID). When this value is squared to get cross-sectional
area, a 1% error yields a 2% error in volumetric flow. In practice, commercially fabricated pipe seldom has
ID consistency much tighter than 1%, and unless the pipe to be measured has been accurately measured,
this uncertainty is not reducible through instrument calibration.

The more sophisticated transit time flowmeters incorporate flow profile corrections to compensate for the
pipe’s cross-sectional velocity profile with a changing Reynolds number. However, this requires that the
operator knows the inside roughness of the pipe to be measured. The instrument may infer a roughness if
none is entered by the operator, but that is only an estimate based on the characteristics of new pipe.
Pipes can, of course, accumulate deposits which may not only reduce the ID, but affect the roughness as
well. Errors on the order of 2% as a result of this phenomenon are not uncommon.

While other factors may influence instrument accuracy to a lesser extent, the issues described above are
the major elements of pipe dependency upon absolute instrument accuracy . While calibration on a refer­ence flow loop under known conditions is a useful exercise to determine the accuracy potential of an
instrument, it is not a guarantee of absolute accuracy on different pipes under field conditions.

2

1.4 Ordering

The table below describes ordering information for a standard DCT7088 flowmeter as well as available
options.

MODEL NUMBER
Series: Digital Correlation Transit Time Flowmeters

DCT7088 = DCT7088, RS232 digital interface with UltraScan signal analysis and configuration program

Battery Duration

1 = 8 hours

Transducer Cable Length

16A = 16 ft (5 m)

Additional Options

0704/0188 = Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge (UTG), English units
0704/0187 = UTG, metric units
22334-0001 = Thermal printer kit

Typical Model Number: DCT7088-1-B-16A

1

standard

1

1

2 = 16 hours

XXXXA = increments of 10 ft (3 m) up to 1000 ft (305 m)

TABLE 1: ORDERING INFORMATION

1.5 Technical Specifications

1.5.1 Performance

Flow Range 0 to 40 ft/s (0 to 12 m/s)
Accuracy ±0.5% of velocity or ±0.05 ft/s (±0.0152 m/s), typical, digital output
Sensitivity 0.001 ft/s (0.3 mm/s) at any flow rate, including zero
Linearity ±0.1% of scale, digital output
Pipe Size 1 to 200 in (25 mm to 5 m)
Fluid Homogeneous liquids without gas bubbles

3

.....Specifications

1.5.2 Functional

Outputs 4-20 mA (into 1000 ohms), 12-bit, isolated, loop- or self- powered;

RS232 serial interface

Power Supply Built-in lead acid gel battery providing 8 hours continuous operation

Optional: 16 hours continuous operation

Keypad 19-key with tactile action
Display 40-character, 2-line, alphanumeric, backlit LCD
Data Logger 40,0000 points, time stamped; programmable in 1-second intervals
Programming Via UltraScan utility (supplied with flowmeter) OR integral keypad
T emperature Range Transducers: -40º to +212º F (-40º to +100º C)

Optional – High temperature transducers available

T ransmitter:-5º to +140º F (-20º to +60º C)

1.5.3 Physical

Transmitter NEMA 6 (IP67), waterproof against accidental immersion; splashproof with lid open
Transducers Encapsulated design with standard 16 ft (5 m) cable length
Weight Approximately 1 1 lbs (4.9 kg) with 8-hour battery

Approximately 15 lbs (6.8 kg) with 16-hour battery

4

1.6 External Features

Components

# Description

1 Printer port: Provides

output for optional external
thermal printer. Connects to
special cable which has 3-pin
round connector on flowmeter
end and DB9 connector on

printer end.
2 ON/OFF keys
3 Battery Low light: Activates

after approximately 7 or 14

hours of operation (depending

on battery type). Automatic

shutdown after approximately 1

additional hour.
4 Charging light
5 Instrument on light
6 Fuse: 3-A, 250 V. Protects

flowmeter from battery

overcurrent or short circuits
7 Liquid crystal display (LCD):

Displays configuration

selections, flow rate, totalized

flow, etc.
8 Keypad: Use to enter

configuration parameters and

control flowmeter functions.
9 Downstream transducer

connector
10 Upstream transducer

connector
11 Breakout box interface

connector: Connects flowmeter

to breakout box.

FIGURE 1.6

5

1.7 Breakout Box Components

Components

# Description

1 AC power cable
2 DC power output cable
3 DC power input connector:

Connects DC power output

cable to flowmeter.
4 4-20 mA output terminals

5 Printer charger cable
6 RS232 serial port
7 Breakout box interface

connector: Provides

connections for DC power

input from battery charger/AC

adapter, for DC output cable

for charging battery, for RS232

serial port, and for 4-20 mA

current loop output terminals.
8 7-pin circular connector:

Connects breakout box to

flowmeter.

FIGURE 1.7

6

2. WIRING THE CURRENT LOOP

The 4-20 mA current loop module has an input terminal and an output terminal. Both are indicated on a
label on the inside of the flowmeter door. The current loop output is rated for a loop resist ance of up to 1 k
ohms and is isolated for up to 5 kV when loop-powered.

The 4-20 mA module is shipped with the current loop self-powered. Switch the module to loop power by
moving a jumper on the module. Current loop modules which are loop-powered must be driven from an
external power supply . In this case the flowmeter acts as a passive 2-wire transmitter.

Prevent possible electrical shock and/or damage to the meter – disconnect power
PRIOR to removing back cover of the breakout box and disconnect the breakout
box from the flowmeter and battery charger/AC adapter.

To connect the current loop:

1. Ensure the loop powering option is correct.

2. Locate the jumpers on the upper right corner of the module. Refer to Figure 2.1-A (below) to change
the jumper settings.

3. Refer to Figure 2.1-B (below) for the self-powered option or Figure 2.1-C (below) for the loop-powered
option.

FIGURES 2.1-A (LEFT), 2.1-B (RIGHT, TOP), 2.1-C (RIGHT, BOTTOM)

7

3. CONFIGURING & OPERATING THE FLOWMETER

3.1 The Keypad & Display

The keypad provides access to the microprocessor for flowmeter configuration. During operation, the
instrument’s 40-character LCD indicates flow rate and totalizer values.

3.1.1 Components

Components

# Description

1 LCD
2 Numeric keys: 0 through 9 and decimal (.).
3 Arrow keys: For scrolling up, down, left, right.
4 ENTER key: Operates like the Return (Enter)

key on a computer.

5 ERASE key: Deletes last value entered. In most

setup and diagnostic menus, accesses main
menu. Accesses Menu 00 (flow rate and net
totalizer display) if pressed twice.

6 MENU key: Provides access to setup and

diagnostic menus.

IGURE 3: KEYPAD & DISPLAY FEATURES

F

3.1.2 Display Contrast & Backlight

The display is backlit for ease of viewing in low-light conditions. In order to save battery life, the backlight
shuts off automatically after several minutes have passed without a keypad entry. The display has a
variable contrast setting, and you may need to adjust the contrast on the display as ambient temperature
changes:

1. Press MENU followed by the ± (plus/minus) key.

2. LCD CONTRAST appears on the display with a bar indicating current contrast setting.

3. Press LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to adjust the contrast.

4. Press ENTER when complete.

3.2 Direct Menu Access

The unique 2-digit address (reference Table 2, page 9) for each setup and diagnostic menu allows the
user to directly access the desired menu:

1. Press MENU, and the letter M appears in the lower right corner of the display.

2. Enter the desired menu’s 2-digit address.

8

.....Direct menu access

The address must be entered while the M is displayed (within approximately 4 seconds). If the M is no
longer displayed, press MENU again followed by the 2-digit address.

Menu Type Display Menu Menu Type Display Menu
Primary Flow/Net T otalizer 00 Options Measurement Units 42

Flow/Velocity 01 Site Parameters 43
Flow/Positive Totalizer 02 RS232 Configuration 46
Flow/Negative Totalizer 03 Change System Password 47
Signal Strength/Low Signal 04 Change Scale Factor 48

Cutoff Password

Unit ID 49

Pipe Pipe OD 10

Pipe Wall Thickness 11 Calibration 50
Pipe ID 12 Zero Set 51
Pipe Material 13 Scale Factor 52
Pipe Sound Speed 14 Sound Speed 53
Pipe Inside Roughness 15 Compensation

Date and Time 54

Liner Liner Material 16

Liner Thickness 17 Current Loop 56
Liner Sound Speed 18 Current Loop Span 57
Liner Inside Roughness 19 Current Loop Calibration 58

Current Loop Test 59

Fluid Fluid Type 20

Fluid Sound Speed 21 Alarms 70
Fluid Viscosity 22 Program Alarms 71

View Alarms 72

Transducer Transducer Type 23

Transducer Mounting 24 Datalog Datalog Setup 80
Transducer Spacing 25 Datalog Interval 81

Flow Flow Units 30 Diagnostics Signal Strength/Margin 90

Max Flow Range 31 Delta Time/Fluid Sound 91
Min Flow Range 32 Speed
Damping 33 Reynolds #/Profile Factor 92
Low Flow Cutoff 34 Current Loop Output 93
Low Signal Cutoff 35 Software/Firmware Rev. 94

Level

Totalizer T otalizer Units 36

T otalizer Multiplier 37 Print Print Log Setup 96
Net T otalizer 38 Print Settings 97
Positive T otalizer 39 Print Diagnostic 98
Negative Totalizer 40 Print Current Screen 9 9
T ot alizer Reset 41

TABLE 2: MENU ADDRESSES

9

3.3 Using the Arrow Keys to Access Menus

Another method of accessing the flowmeter’s menus is to use the LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys to scroll
through the menu structure. Menus are organized into 3 basic levels: 1) Main menu, 2) submenus, and 3)
primary displays, setup menus, diagnostic menus. The Main menu displays various submenus, which
contain individual setup and diagnostic menus.

FIGURES 3.3-A THROUGH 3.3-C (TOP TO BOTTOM)

To access the Main menu from any screen:

1. Press MENU twice. The Main menu is displayed
with the Pipe and Liner submenu options as shown
in Figure 3.3-A.

2. To view the remaining submenus (Figure 3.3-B),
press the DOWN ARROW key .

3. When the desired submenu is highlighted, press
ENTER to display the first menu of the selected
submenu. Figure 3.3-C is an example of when the
Flow submenu is selected.

Use the UP or DOWN ARROW keys to view a primary
display , setup menu, or diagnostic menu within the
current submenu.

3.4 Flowmeter Configuration Using Setup Menus

Flowmeter configuration is accomplished using the setup menus. Some setup menus allow a numeric
value to be entered, and others offer non-numeric selections. In non-numeric setup menus, an asterisk is
displayed to the left of the selected currently entered in the flowmeter .

FIGURE 3.4

10

.....Flowmeter configuration using setup menus

To configure the flowmeter:

1. Access the setup menus individually by pressing MENU and entering the 2-digit address OR by
scrolling through the submenus and selecting the desired setup menu.

2. a. If the setup menu requires a numeric entry , use the numeric keys to enter the value and press

ENTER to accept the value. If the numeric value is entered incorrectly, press ERASE to delete the
entry .

OR

b. If the setup menu offers a non-numeric selection, press ENTER, and the asterisk changes to a

flashing cursor. Use the arrow keys to scroll through the available selections. When the cursor is
to the left of the desired selection, press ENTER.

3. Complete the configuration process by accessing a primary display (menus 00 through 04).

The flowmeter does not use the new parameters until you access a primary
display.

3.5 Quick Setup Configuration

The Quick Setup procedure contains the minimal steps required for flowmeter configuration. These steps
enable the flowmeter to calculate transducer spacing, acquire ultrasonic signal, and measure flow . The
number in parentheses after the required menu is the 2-digit address to directly access that menu.

1. Select a proper transducer site according to Section 4 (page 33).

2. Access the Pipe submenu. This submenu contains setup menus related to the pipe parameters such
as pipe inside diameter (ID) and pipe outside diameter (OD).

Pipe Wall Thickness is an additional setup menu within the Pipe submenu. If
parameters for any 2 of the following 3 setup menus are entered, the flowmeter
calculates the remaining parameter automatically: Pipe OD (10), Pipe Wall
Thickness (11), Pipe ID (12).

Accuracy is directly affected by the square of an error in pipe dimensions; actual
measurements (not nominal) must be entered.

a. Select the PIPE OD menu (10). Figure 3.5-A (page 12) is displayed. Enter the value for the pipe

OD and press ENTER. Press the DOWN ARROW, and select Actual.

If you know the pipe circumference but not the OD, enter the circumference value
instead and press ENTER. Press the DOWN ARROW, and Figure 3.5-B (page 12)
is displayed. Select Circum. The flowmeter calculates the pipe OD automatically.

11

.....Quick setup configuration

2. PIPE setup menu continued:

FIGURES 3.5-A (LEFT) & 3.5-B (RIGHT)

b. Select the Pipe ID setup menu (12). Enter the pipe ID value, and press ENTER (Figure 3.5-C,

below).

c. Select the Pipe Material setup menu (13). Press the UP and DOWN ARROWS to scroll through

the available options (Figure 3.5-D, below).

Select OTHER if the material is not listed. You must then enter then pipe sound
speed (14) and pipe inside roughness (15).

3. If there is a liner:

a. Access the Liner Material setup menu (16), and Figure 3.5-E (below) is displayed. Press the UP

and DOWN ARROWS to scroll through the available options.

Select OTHER if the material is not listed. You must then enter the liner sound
speed (18) and liner inside roughness (19).

b. Access the Liner Thickness setup menu (17), and enter the thickness (Figure 3.5-F, below).

4. Access the Fluid T ype setup menu (20), and scroll through the available options using the UP and

DOWN ARROWS (Figure 3.5-G, below).

Select OTHER if the fluid type is not listed. You must then enter the fluid sound
speed (21) and fluid viscosity (22).

FIGURES 3.5-C THROUGH 3.5-G (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

12

.....Quick setup configuration

5. Within the Transducer submenu:

a. Access the T ransducer Type setup menu (23). Currently, the only selection available is

ST ANDARD, which MUST be selected for all applications using clamp-on transducers, including
high temperature transducers (Figure 3.5-H, below).

b. Access the T ransducer Mounting setup menu (24), and select the desired mounting method

(Figure 3.5-I, below).

6. Access the T ransducer Spacing view-only menu (25). Note the required sp acing between transducers
(Figure 3.5-J, below).

7. Access the Flow Units setup menu (30) within the FLOW submenu. Use this setup menu to select the
flow rate units. V olumetric units are displayed first, followed by the associated time per unit s.

a. Select one of the available volumetric units (Figure 3.5-K, below).

b. Press the DOWN ARROW and the time per unit options are displayed. Select the desired option

(Figure 3.5-L, below).

FIGURES 3.5-H THROUGH 3.5-L (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

8. Install the transducers on the pipe using the spacing provided by the flowmeter , and connect the
transducer cables to the flowmeter.

9. Access a primary display (00 through 04) to complete the configuration process.

If the flowmeter and transducers are properly installed and a steady flow is present, the flow and signal
strength readings should be relatively stable.

If any of the above setup parameters are changed, the flowmeter stop s measuring
flow until the new value is entered and a primary display is accessed to accept
the new value.

13

3.6 Primary Displays

The primary displays are for viewing only and cannot be configured. Primary displays include displayed
values for flow rate, totalizers, velocity , signal strength, or low signal cutof f (menus 00 through 04).

3.6.1 Flow/Net Totalizer (00)

The Flow/Net Totalizer (Figure 3.6-A, below) is the standard display used under normal operating condi-
tions. It displays the flow rate and net totalizer value. If the net totalizer is not currently enabled, the last net
totalized value is displayed.

3.6.2 Flow/Velocity (01)

The Flow/Velocity display (Figure 3.6-B, below) indicates the flow rate and fluid velocity. Velocity is
displayed in feet per second (FPS) if ENGLISH is selected as the measurement unit in Menu 42 and in
meters per second (MPS) if METRIC is selected.

3.6.3 Flow/Positive Totalizer (02)

This display indicates the flow rate and the totalized flow in the positive flow direction. If the positive
totalizer is not currently enabled, the last net totalized value is displayed (Figure 3.6-C, below).

3.6.4 Flow/Negative Totalizer (03)

This display indicates the flow rate and the totalized flow in the negative flow direction. If the negative
totalizer is not currently enabled, the last net totalized value is displayed (Figure 3.6-D, below).

3.6.5 Signal Strength/Low Signal Cutoff (04)

This display indicates the values for signal strength and low signal cutoff (Figure 3.6-E, below).

FIGURES 3.6-A THROUGH 3.6-E (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

14

3.7 Additional Setup Menus Within the PIPE Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

Following are setup menus not included in the Quick Setup configuration detailed in Section 3.5 (page 11).
Setup menus are used primarily to enter configuration data or to view the flowmeter’s current
configuration settings.

1. Pipe Wall Thickness setup menu (1 1) (Figure 3.7-A, below)

2. Pipe Sound Speed setup menu (14): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER as the
pipe material in Menu 13. Enter the pipe sound speed. If you did not select OTHER as the pipe
material, this menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as a view-only display
to indicate the pipe sound speed as programmed in the flowmeter’s database (Figure 3.7-B, below).

3. Pipe Inside Roughness setup menu (15): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER
as the pipe material in Menu 13. Data on this parameter are available from the Cameron Hydraulic

Data Book published by Ingersoll-Rand. Enter the inside roughness of the pipe. If you did not select
OTHER as the pipe material, this menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as

a view-only display to indicate the pipe inside roughness as programmed in the flowmeter’s database
(Figure 3.7-C, below).

FIGURES 3.7-A THROUGH 3.7-C (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3.8 Additional Setup Menus Within the LINER Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

1. Liner Sound Speed setup menu (18): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER as the
liner material in Menu 16. Enter the liner sound speed. If you did not select OTHER as the liner
material, this menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as a view-only display
to indicate the liner’s sound speed as programmed in the flowmeter’s database (Figure 3.8-A,

page 16).

2. Liner Inside Roughness setup menu (19): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER
as the liner material in Menu 16. Enter the liner inside roughness. If you did not select OTHER as the
liner material, this menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as a view-only
display to indicate the inside roughness of the liner as programmed in the flowmeter’s database.

(Figure 3.8-B, page 16).

15

.....Additional setup menus within the LINER submenu

FIGURES 3.8-A (LEFT) & 3.8-B (RIGHT)

3.9 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLUID Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

1. Fluid Sound Speed setup menu (21): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER as the
fluid type in Menu 20. Enter the fluid sound speed. If you did not select OTHER as the fluid type, this
menu is available by the direct access method only and functions as a view-only display to indicate the
fluid sound speed as programmed in the flowmeter’s database (Figure 3.9-A, below).

2. Fluid Viscosity setup menu (22): This menu can only be configured if you selected OTHER as the fluid
type in Menu 20. Enter the fluid viscosity . If you did not select OTHER as the fluid type, this menu is
available by the direct access method only and functions as a view-only display to indicate the fluid
viscosity as programmed in the flowmeter’s database (Figure 3.9-B, below).

FIGURES 3.9-A (LEFT) & 3.9-B (RIGHT)

3.10 Additional Setup Menus Within the FLOW Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

1. Max Flow Range setup menu (31) and Min Flow Range setup menus (32): Use these menus to enter
the minimum and maximum flow values for setting the volumetric flow range. Setting the optimum flow
range generally improves the flowmeter’s response time (Figures 3.10-A and 3.10-B, page 17).

Whenever the pipe ID is changed, the flowmeter returns the volumetric flow range
to its default settings. The default settings are the minimum and maximum flows
for the new pipe ID that occur at +32 and -32 ft/s (+9.76 and -9.76 m/s).

2. Damping setup menu (33): Use this menu to enter the value for the damping coefficient, which
suppresses short-term fluctuations in the indicated flow rate. The displayed flow rate and the 4-20 mA
current loop output is a moving average of the last n seconds where n is the damping value.
Increasing the coefficient increases the response time to changes. The coefficient is adjustable from 1
to 99 seconds in 1-second increments. Keep damping at a minimum unless the flow rate fluctuates
wildly . If this is the case, increase the damping coefficient justenough to reduce the fluctuation to an
acceptable degree (Figure 3.10-C, page 17).

16

.....Additional setup menus within the FLOW submenu

FIGURES 3.10-A THROUGH 3.10-C (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3. Low Flow Cutoff setup menu (34): When a zero flow condition occurs (for example, as the result of a
pump being shut off), internal sloshing, check valve leakage, and other fluid movement can prevent
the flowmeter from reading total zero. This phenomenon can result in totalizer errors. Minimize these
errors by entering a low flow cutoff, which drives the flowmeter to zero for flow rates at or below the
specified value. If the flow rate falls below the low flow cutoff value, the indicated flow rate is driven to
zero and the totalizers stop incrementing; this is the case regardless of flow direction (Figure 3.10-D,
below).

For example, if you enter a low flow cutoff of 0.1 ft/s (.03 m/s), the flowmeter is driven to zero for flow
rates less than 0.1 ft/s in the positive direction and greater than -0.1 ft/s in the negative direction
(Figure 3.10-E, below).

FIGURES 3.10-D (LEFT) & 3.10-E (RIGHT)

4. Low Signal Cutoff setup menu (35): Empty pipes or solids, bubbles, or voids in the flow stream may
cause temporary drops in signal strength and erroneous readings. Minimize the effect of these
dropouts bysetting a low signal cutoff, which drives the flowmeter to the loss-of-signal (LOS)
condition. The low signal cutoff should be set at the minimum acceptable signal amplitude.

a. Access the Low Signal Cutoff setup menu (Figure 3.10-F, page 18).

b. Enter the low signal cutoff and press ENTER.

The value for the low signal cutoff should usually be set at approximately one­half of the value of the signal strength present under flow conditions. Typically,
signal strength is not significantly affected by flow rate.

c. Select one of the following (Figure 3.10-G, p age 18):

• ZERO: Drop the reading to zero during LOS condition

• HOLD: Hold the last valid reading during LOS condition for about 3 seconds

17

.....Additional setup menus within the FLOW submenu

FIGURES 3.10-F (LEFT) & 3.10-G (RIGHT)

3.11 Additional Setup Menus Within the TOTAL Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

1. T otalizer Unit s setup menu (36): The flow unit selected for the totalizer display may be different from
the flow unit selected for the flow rate display (Figure 3.1 1-A, below).

2. T otalizer Multiplier setup menu (37): The tot alizer value can be displayed with one of several multiplier
values. For example, 700 liters can be displayed as 700 if the selected multiplier value is X1, or it can
be displayed as 7 if selected multiplier value is X100 (Figure 3.1 1-B, below).

3. Net T ot alizer setup menu (38): Use this menu to enable or disable the net tot alizer. The net totalizer
provides the difference between the positive and negative flow values. For example, if there are 1000
gallons of flow in the negative direction and 3000 gallons of flow in the positive direction, the net
totalizer indicates 2000 gallons of net flow (Figure 3.1 1-C, below).

4. Positive T ot alizer setup menu (39): Use this menu to enable or disable the positive tot alizer. The
positive totalizer tracks the flow that moves in the positive direction, from upstream transducer to
downstream transducer. It is NOT af fected by flow in the opposite direction (Figure 3.11-D, below).

FIGURES 3.11-A THROUGH 3.11-D (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

5. Negative T otalizer setup menu (40): Use this menu to enable or disable the negative tot alizer. The
negative totalizer tracks the flow that moves in the negative direction, from downstream transducer to
upstream transducer . It is NOT af fected by flow in the opposite direction (Figure 3.11-E, page 19).

6. T ot alizer Reset setup menu (41): Use this menu to reset one or all of the tot alizers (Figure 3.11-F ,

page 19).

18

.....Additional setup menus within the TOTAL submenu

FIGURES 3.11-E (LEFT) & 3.11-F (RIGHT)

3.12 Additional Setup Menus Within the OPTIONS Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

The OPTIONS submenu contains setup menus for several miscellaneous functions.

1. Measurement Units setup menu (42): Use this menu to select ENGLISH (feet per second, FPS) or
METRIC (meters per second, MPS) measurement units (Figure 3.12-A, below).

2. Site Parameters setup menu (43): This menu saves the parameters for the pipe, liner , fluid,
transducer, and flow setup menus, allowing them to be recalled later for a specific measurement site.
Several sites are available and are numbered. The site number isdisplayed in Menu 43 in the lower
left corner of the screen and is followed by a colon. See Figure 3.12-B (below) for an example of a site
numbered 1.

As you enter the setup parameters in their respective menus during normal configuration, the same
parameters are saved simultaneously in the Site Parameters setup menu, in whichever site has the
asterisk displayed.

Access a different site to automatically enter that site’s stored parameters into the flowmeter for
measuring flow. To access a different site, press ENTER, scroll to the desired site, and press ENTER
again. To avoid overwriting stored parameters and losing old data, ensure that the desired site

is active prior to entering the new set of parameters.

FIGURES 3.12-A (LEFT) & 3.12-B (RIGHT)

19

.....Additional setup menus within the OPTIONS submenu

3. RS232 Configuration setup menu (46): Use this menu to configure the RS232 port which allows the

®

flowmeter to connect to an IBM

-compatible PC using the UltraScan (refer to the UltraScan manual) or

D-Link (refer to Appendix C, p age 69) utilities (Figure 3.12-C, below).

a. Access the RS232 Configuration setup menu (46).

b. Select UL TRASCAN or D-LINK.

c. Press the DOWN ARROW to display the baud rate selections. The baud rate is the only RS232

parameter that can be selected. The remaining parameters are preset (Figure 3.12-D, below).

d. Access Menu 00.

FIGURES 3.12-C (LEFT) & 3.12-D (RIGHT)

4. Change System Password setup menu (47): The flowmeter is shipped from the factory with the
system password disabled. If a password is enabled, the flowmeter requests the p assword when a
user attempts to enter any configuration data. Entering the correct password temporarily unlocks the
system,allowing theuser to make configuration changes.

To change or disable the system password:

a. Access Menu 47 (Figure 3.12-E, page 21).

b. Enter the new system password and press ENTER (Figure 3.12-F, page 21).

Disable the system password function by entering 0 (zero) as the system pass­word. Enable the function by changing the password back to a non-zero number .

c. Enter the old system password and press ENTER (Figure 3.12-G , page 21) . If the old system

password is correctly entered, Figure 3.12-H (below) is displayed. If the password is incorrectly
entered, Figure 3.12-I (page 21) is displayed.

After the system password is accepted or rejected, Menu 48 is displayed, enabling the scale factor
password to be changed.

d. Access Menu 00 to lock the system with the new password.

20

.....Additional setup menus within the OPTIONS submenu

FIGURES 3.12-E THROUGH 3.12-I (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

5. Change Scale Factor Password setup menu (48): Use this menu to change the scale factor password
which is designed to protect the scale factor from unauthorized or accidental changes. The flowmeter
ships from the factory with the scale factor password disabled. If the scale factor password is enabled,
the flowmeter requests the password whenever a user attempts to change the scale factor.

To change or disable the scale factor password:

a. Access Menu 48 (Figure 3.12-J, below).

b. Enter the new scale factor password and press ENTER (Figure 3.12-K, below).

The system password function must be disabled to allow the scale factor to be
changed without entering a password.

c. Enter the old scale factor password and press ENTER. If entered correctly, Figure 3.12-L (below)

is displayed. If entered incorrectly , Figure 3.12-M (below) is displayed.

d. Access Menu 00.

FIGURES 3.12-J THROUGH 3.12-M (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

21

.....Additional setup menus within the OPTIONS submenu

6. Unit ID (identification) Number setup menu (49): This number is determined by the operator to identify
the specific instrument or site. Any whole number between 1 and 60,000 may be entered
(Figure 3.12-N, below).

FIGURE 3.12-N

3.13 Additional Setup Menus Within the CALIBR Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

Within the CALIBR submenu is the Calibration Group menu (50) (Figure 3.13-A, below), which contains 4
setup menus: Zero Set, Scale, SS Comp, Date (Menus 51 through 54).

FIGURE 3.13-A

3.13.1 Zero Set Calibration

An important step in assuring accurate flow measurement is the proper calibration of the instrument and
proper installation. The calibration methods must be performed for the particular pipe that is to be metered.
Table 3 (below) provides guidelines for selecting a calibration method.

Calibration Method Function Application

Zero set calibration

Zero flow set Zeroes the instrument for an actual no Inst allations where flow can be

flow condition stopped

Manual zero set Applies a manually entered offset to Where an offset is required

all flow readings

Scale factor Compensates for manufacturing Set by the factory to the value

variations in the transducers imprinted on the transducers

TABLE 3

After installing the meter , you may find that a small adjustment to the zero point (zero set calibration) is
required. Zero set calibration allows the meter to read very close to zero under zero flow conditions. There
are two zero set calibration methods in Menu 51: the zero flow set method and the manual zero set
method. View the zero point used by the flowmeter in either of these methods by selecting Manual in Menu

51.

22

.....Additional setup menus within the CALIBR submenu

Zero flow set method continued

After the instrument is properly zeroed, it should display a stable reading well below 0.05 ft/s (0.015 m/s)
under zero flow conditions with the low flow cutoff disabled.

Prior to performing a zero set calibration, verify the following:

1. Transducers are connected to the pipe.

2. Instrument is reading flow.

3. Low flow cutoff is disabled to allow verification of calibration.

A. Zero Flow Set Method

The best method of zeroing the instrument is to stop the flow and perform a zero flow set on the pipe. The
purpose of the zero flow set is to zero the instrument for the individual application. This method is used
only when flow in the pipe can be stopped. The flow rate displayed in Menu 01 must be between -0.25 and
+0.25 ft/s (-0.076 and +0.076 m/s).

1. Ensure there is no flow in the pipe.

2. Access Menu 51 (Figure 3.13-B, below).

3. Select No Flow. If the zero flow set calibration is successful, Figure 3.13-C (below) is displayed.

FIGURES 3.13-B (LEFT) & 3.13-C (RIGHT)

B. Manual Zero Set

Use this method infrequently . Manual zero set applies a const ant of fset entered by the user to all readings.
For example, if the flow reads 250 GPM and a 10 GPM offset is applied, the new reading becomes 240
GPM. To zero the instrument using the manual zero set method:

1. Minimize flow occurring in the pipe.

2. Access Menu 51 and select Manual. Figure 3.13-D (page 24) is displayed.

3. Enter the value of the required offset and press ENTER. If necessary, you can apply a negative offset
by pressing ± (plus/minus key).

The flowmeter is now calibrated with the manual zero set method, and the zero point offset is displayed

(Figure 3.13-E, page 24).

23

.....Additional setup menus within the CALIBR submenu

Manual zero set method continued

FIGURES 3.13-D (LEFT) & 3.13-E (RIGHT)

3.13.2 Scale Factor Calibration

After setting and verifying the instrument’s zero point, you can set a scale factor to adjust the measured
flow; the measured flow is multiplied by this scale factor. For example, if the displayed flow is twice the
actual flow, you can enter a scale factor of 0.5 to divide the displayed flow by 2. The primary reason for
setting the scale factor is to compensate for manufacturing variations in the transducers. The scale factor
printed on the transducer set should be entered in Menu 52.

Observe the following precautions when setting the scale factor:

• Always determine the scale factor at the highest possible flow rate achievable in order to maximize
accuracy of the scale factor.

• Use only the factory preset scale factor as marked on the transducers in the following situations: the
flow cannot be stopped to verify or set the zero point; a reasonably high flow rate cannot be achieved;
an accurate secondary flow standard is not available.

If an additional scale factor is required, the additional scale factor should be multiplied by the factory scale
factor and the result should be entered. To enter a new scale factor:

1. Access Menu 52 (Figure 3.13-F, below).

2. Enter the new scale factor and press ENTER. Figure 3.13-G (below) is displayed.

3. Enter the valid password and press ENTER. The new scale factor is displayed in Menu 52.

FIGURES 3.13-F (LEFT) & 3.13-G (RIGHT)

3.13.3 Other CALIBR Submenu Options

1. Sound Speed Compensation setup menu (53): Enable or disable the flowmeter’s sound speed
compensation. Temperature variations in the fluid and other factors may cause variations in the fluid’s
sound speed. T ypically, the flowmeter can determine sound speed more accurately when this feature
is enabled (Figure 3.13-H, page 25).

24

.....Other CALIBR submenu options

2. Date and Time setup menu (54): Use this menu to set the date and time in the flowmeter’s internal
clock. The time is expressed in military time (24-hour format), and the date is in the month-day-year
format (Figure 3.13-I, below). If you are NOT using UltraScan, set the time and date as follows:

a. Perform a Master Erase on the flowmeter according to Section 5.2 (page 45).

b. Reconfigure the flowmeter, and access Menu 54.

Performing a Master Erase and reconfiguring the flowmeter prior to changing
date or time prevents possible data corruption.

c. Press ENTER, and prompts are displayed, requesting entries for month, day , year and hour,

minute, second (Figure 3.13-J, below). Press ENTER after EACH entry.

d. To keep the current values displayed in any screen, scroll to the next screen with the DOWN

ARROW instead of pressing ENTER.

e. Once all parameters are entered, the new programmed date and time is displayed.

FIGURES 3.13-H THROUGH 3.13-J (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3.14 Additional Setup Menus Within the 4-20 mA Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

Within the 4-20mA submenu is the Current Loop Group menu (56) (Figure 3.14-A, page 26), which
contains 3 setup menus: Span, Cal., Test (menus 57 through 59).

The 4-20 mA current loop is factory calibrated and should not require field calibration prior to use. If
calibration and testing should become necessary , complete the following step s:

1. Connect a milliammeter to the input (IN) and output (OUT) terminals of the current loop module.

2. Access Menu 58 (Figure 3.14-B, page 26).

3. Press the RIGHT or LEFT ARROWS to adjust the 4 mA set point until the value reads exactly 4.00
mA on the milliammeter. Every 2 presses of the arrow key adjusts the calibration approximately .01
mA.

25

.....Additional setup menus within the 4-20 mA submenu

4. Press ENTER.

5. Access Menu 58 again.

6. Press the DOWN ARROW to scroll to the 20 mA Calibrate screen (Figure 3.14-C, below).

7. Repeat step 3 for entering the 20 mA set point.

8. Access Menu 00.

9. Test the current loop calibration by accessing Menu 59 (Figure 3.14-D, below).

10. Change the current loop output in 1 mA increments using the RIGHT or LEFT ARROWS. The output
indicated on the screen should be the same as the output on the milliammeter. If the values do not
match, repeat steps 2 through 10.

1 1 . Set the current loop span by accessing Menu 57 (Figure 3.14-E, below). The current loop span is the

span of flow versus current.

12. Enter a flow rate which equals the 4 mA (minimum anticipated) reading, and press ENTER.

13. Press the DOWN ARROW, and Figure 3.14-F (below) is displayed.

14. Enter a flow rate which equals the 20 mA (maximum anticipated) reading, and press ENTER.

15. Access Menu 00 to complete the current loop calibration process.

FIGURES 3.14-A THROUGH 3.14-F (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

26

3.15 Additional Setup Menus Within the ALARMS Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

The ALARMS submenu (70) contains the setup menus for programming and viewing the flowmeter’s
alarm parameters. Up to 4 alarms may be independently programmed ON or OFF based on flow rate or
signal strength values. If the measured value of the selected condition falls outside the specified param­eters, the alarm activates and causes the printer (if purchased with flowmeter) to print the flow data and/or
alarm status (Figure 3.15-A, below).

FIGURE 3.15-A

3.15.1 Programming the Alarm

1. Access Menu 71, and select an alarm to program (Figure 3.15-B, page 28).

2. Figure 3.15-C (page 28) is displayed. Select an alarm ON condition:

• NOT PROGRAMMED (alarm OFF)

• FLOW > : alarm activates when flow rate is greater than ON condition value

• FLOW < : alarm activates when flow rate is less than ON condition value

• SIGNAL > : alarm activates when signal strengthvalue is greater than ON condition value

• SIGNAL < : alarm activates when signal strengthvalue is less than ON condition value

3. Press the DOWN ARROW, and Figure 3.15-D (page 28) is displayed.

4. Enter the value for the alarm ON condition, and press ENTER.

Flow units used for alarms are the same as flow units selected for measuring flow
in Menu 30.

5. Press the DOWN ARROW, and Figure 3.15-E (page 28) is displayed.

6. Select an alarm OFF condition: Selections available are the same as those for the ON condition. The
OFF condition value should be entered in conjunction with the ON condition value to establish a
dead band which prevents the alarm from continuously cycling on and off when flow is close to the ON
or OFF value.

For example, if the ON condition is FLOW > 250 GPM, the OFF condition may be set as FLOW < 240
GPM. With these settings, the alarm turns on when flow exceeds 250 GPM and does not turn off until
flow falls below 240 GPM.

7. Press the DOWN ARROW, and Figure 3.15-F (page 28) is displayed.

8. Enter a value for the alarm OFF condition, and press ENTER.

27

.....Additional setup menus within the ALARMS submenu

Programming the alarm continued

9. Repeat steps 1-8 for each alarm you want to program.

FIGURES 3.15-B THROUGH 3.15-F (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3.15.2 Viewing Alarms

To view the ON/OFF status of the alarms:

1. Access Menu 72 (Figure 3.15-G, below).

2. Select an alarm to view, and the ON and OFF conditions are displayed for the selected alarm
(Figure 3.15-H, below).

FIGURES 3.15-G (LEFT) & 3.15-H (RIGHT)

3.16 Additional Setup Menus Within the DATA LOG Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

The DAT A LOG submenu contains the Log Menu (80) and the Log Interval menu (81). The data logger
allows flow data to be continuously recorded at a preset interval. The flowmeter has a single data log file
with approximately 40,000 data points available. When all point s are recorded, the data logger records
over the previous data points one at a time in a continuous loop, starting with the oldest data point s first.
The logger can be started and stopped manually or can be programmed to run automatically at a future
start and stop time.

28

.....Additional setup menus within the DAT A LOG submenu

The flowmeter stores completed datalog files and assigns a unique file number to each log. This allows
data logs to be recorded and retrieved. Additionally, files can be viewed, deleted, or transferred in ASCII

®

format to an IBM

-compatible PC for record keeping or analysis. Log files are transferred using the D-Link

flowmeter data link utility (Appendix C, page 69).

1. Log menu (80): There are 4 selections available (Figure 3.16-A, below):

a. Start (or stop) log – This option provides control for manually starting/stopping the dat a logger. The

appropriate option (start or stop) is displayed depending on whether the logger is currently
recording.

To stop the log:

1. Access Menu 80, and select Stop.

2. Figure 3.16-B (below) is displayed; press 5.

b. Auto – This option allows you to program thelogger for a future start and stop time. T o use this

function:

1. Access Menu 80, and select Auto.

2. The current programmed start/stop times are displayed (Figure 3.16-C, below).

3. Press ENTER. Prompts are displayed requesting day, hour, minute, and second information
for the start/stop times (Figure 3.16-D, below). Press ENTER after EACH entry.

Once the start/stop times are entered, the new times are displayed (Figure 3.16-E, below). The data logger
will now start and stop automatically at the preset times. If the logger is running, you can manually stop the
logging by selecting Stop in Menu 80.

Ensure that flow measurement units, time, and date are correct on the flowmeter
PRIOR to beginning the log. Do not change any of these parameters while the
logger is actively transferring the data.

FIGURES 3.16-A THROUGH 3.16-E (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

29

.....Additional setup menus within the DAT A LOG submenu

2. Interval menu (81): Data log intervals must be entered in whole seconds, with a minimum interval of 1
second (Figure 3.16-F, below).

FIGURE 3.16-F

3. View menu: Use this menu to view which log files are stored in memory, the file sizes, and amount of
log memory still available. Additionally, use this menu to delete log files:

a. Access Menu 80, and select View.
b. Scroll through the log file with the UP/DOWN ARROWS to locate the file you want to delete.
c. Press ENTER, and Figure 3.16-G (below) is displayed.
d. Press 5, and Figure 3.16-H (below) is displayed.
e. Press . (decimal point), and Figure 3.16-I (below) is displayed informing you the log is deleted.

FIGURES 3.16-G THROUGH 3.16-I (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3.17 Additional Setup Menus Within the DIAGNOSTICS Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

The DIAGNOSTICS submenu contains various view-only menus which display important diagnostic
parameters that are currently used or calculated by the flowmeter. These p arameters are help ful when
configuring or troubleshooting the flowmeter.

1. Signal Strength/Margin display (90): Displays the signal strength in percentage and the margin. The
signal strength value displayed is the average of the signal strengths for the upstream and
downstream transducers. Margin is an indicator of signal quality and is generally greater than 5%.
Signal strength is generally greater than 3% under good measurement conditions (Figure 3.17-A,

page 31).

2. Delta Time/Fluid Sound Speed display (91): Displays the value for DeltaT and the fluid sound speed as
measured by the flowmeter. DeltaT is the dif ference between the upstream and downstream travel
times, expressed in nanoseconds (ns) (Figure 3.17-B, page 31).

30

.....Additional setup menus within the DIAGNOSTICS submenu

3. Reynolds Number/Profile Factor display (92): Displays the Reynolds number and flow profile factor
currently being used by the flowmeter. The flow profile factor is calculated by the flowmeter and used
to determine the effect of the flow profile on mean measured fluid velocity (Figure 3.17-C, below).

4. Current Loop Output display (93): Displays values of the current in mA that the flowmeter is presently
providing to the current loop output (Figure 3.17-D, below).

5. Software/Firmware Revision Level display (94): Displays the software (SOFT VERS.) and firmware
(FPGA VERS.) versions installed in the flowmeter (Figure 3.17-E, below).

FIGURES 3.17-A THROUGH 3.17-E (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

3.18 Additional Setup Menus Within the PRINT Submenu

*Not included in the Quick Setup configuration

Following are instructions on how to configure the optional external thermal printer. To begin, ensure the
printer cable is connected to the printer port on the upper left of the flowmeter’s control panel.

1. Print Log Setup menu (96): Use this menu to configure the printer to print out flow data at a preset
interval and/or whenever an alarm activates. Printed flow data include data from all enabled totalizers.
Flow data are printed in minimum, maximum, and average flow rates. Minimum and maximum flow
rates automatically reset at the end of each print period. The average flow rate is the average over the
print interval. To configure the printer:

a. Access Menu 96 (Figure 3.18-A, page 32).

b. Select an option from the following:

1. NONE: Disable printer

2. FLOW: Print flow data at a preset log interval

3. ALARM: Print flow data when an alarm activates

4. BOTH: Print flow data at a preset log interval and when an alarm activates

c. If you select FLOW or BOTH, press the DOWN ARROW to set the print interval (Figure 3.18-B,

page 32).

31

.....Additional setup menus within the PRINT submenu

1. Print Log Setup menu continued

d. Enter the print interval in whole seconds, and press ENTER.

Operation errors may occur if the log interval is too short to allow the selected
data to be printed. If the print interval is interrupted by a power loss, theprinter
resumes at the specified interval after power is restored.

2. Print Settings menu (97): Print all parameters associated with the pipe, liner , fluid, transducer, and
flow menus (10-35).

3. Print Diagnostics menu (98): Print all parameters associated with the DIAGNOSTICS submenu
(90-94).

4. Print Current Screen menu (99): Print the current display.

FIGURES 3.18-A (LEFT) & 3.18-B (RIGHT)

32

4. WIRING & INSTALLING THE TRANSDUCERS

4.1 Wiring

The transducer terminals and cables are arranged in pairs and are labeled DN STREAM and
UP STREAM. The downstream transducer cable has blue-banded ends; the up stream transducer has

red-banded ends.

FIGURE 4.1

Locate the symbol seen in Figure 4.1. This symbol is on both pairs of
terminals and indicate which terminals should connect to the center
wire conductors and which should connect to the coaxial shields.

4.2 Site Selection & Preparation

Prior to installing the transducers, a proper site must be selected to ensure accurate measurement.
Examples of site recommendations are illustrated in Figures 4.2-A (below) and 4.2-B (p age 34).

FIGURE 4.2-A

33

.....Site selection & preparation

FIGURE 4.2-B

Use the following guidelines when selecting the transducer site:

a. Choose a section of pipe which is always full of liquid, such as a vertical pipe with up flow or a full

horizontal pipe.

b. The site should have a straight run equivalent to at least 10 pipe diameters upstream and 5 pipe

diameters downstream from any elbows, tees, throttling valves, orifices, reduced sections, or other
flow disturbances.

c. Up to 30 diameters of straight run may be required upstream from the flowmeter after a pump, control

valve, or double piping bend for greater accuracy . A distance of 5 diameters downstream is usually
sufficient under all circumstances.

d. Always mount the transducers on the sides of the pipe in the 3 o’clock or 9 o’clock positions on

horizontal pipes. Positioning the transducers in this manner prevents signal loss which can be caused
by sediment along the bottom of the pipe or gas bubbles and air pockets along the top of the pipe.

e. Ensure that the pipe skin temperature is within the transducer temperature rating. The transducers are

rated for -40º to +212º F (-40º to +100º C). Temperature ratings up to 392º F (200º C) are available
with optional high temperature transducers.

34

.....Pipe selection & preparation

f. Pipes with excessive corrosion or scaling create conditions which can make accurate measurement

difficult or impossible; if possible, avoid selecting these sections of pipe as mounting locations.

g. Remove any dirt, grease, rust, loose paint, or scale from the pipe surface prior to mounting the

transducers. To obtain best results on aging and rough pipes, a file or grinder may be required to
clean the pipe down to bare metal.

If your application cannot follow these guidelines completely , meaningful flow measurements (with some
loss in accuracy and stability) may still be obtained, depending on signal quality.

4.3 Spacing & Mounting the Transducers

Once you have selected a proper transducer site, you must ensure proper transducer spacing and
mounting in order to maximize signal strength and accuracy:

1. Determine which mounting method is appropriate for your application: V , W, Z, WV, WW.

2. Refer to Section 3 (page 8) to configure the flowmeter via the keypad or to the UltraScan manual to
configure with UltraScan, and note the value required for the transducer spacing (value calculated by
and displayed on flowmeter LCD or in UltraScan).

3. Clean the area of the pipe designated as the mounting location. Remove any rust, scale, or loose
paint; well-bonded paint does not need to be removed.

On horizontal pipes, the transducers should be mounted in the 3 o’clock and
9 o’clock positions in order to avoid situations which can cause signal loss, i.e.,
sediment along the bottom of the pipe, gas bubbles or air pockets along the top
of the pipe.

4. Refer to one of the following sections to mount the transducers according to the selected mounting
method:

a. V method (Section 4.4.1, page 37)
b. W method (Section 4.4.2, page 38)
c. Z method (Section 4.4.3, page 39)
d. WV and WW methods (Section 4.4.4, page 42)

5. Install the portable slide rack:

a. Extend the chain hooks by unscrewing the chain adjustment knobs to their fullest extent. The

knobs will stop at the end of the adjustment and should not be removed.

b. Place the rack against the pipe and wrap the chains around the pipe.

c. With excess slack removed from the chain, connect the chains to the chain hooks.

d. Tighten the chain hooks by screwing down both chain adjustment knobs.

35

.....Spacing & mounting the transducers

6. Install the portable transducers:

a. Position the slides according to the calculated spacing. The top rail of the rack is marked in inches

and the bottom rail is marked in millimeters.

b. Apply sonic coupling compound to a transducer face, and with the cable connector end of the

transducer towards the outside of the rack, install thetransducer beneath one of the slides. The
inside face of the transducer should align with the inside edge of the slide.

c. Tighten the knobs on the slide evenly to hold the transducer in place.

d. Repeat this procedure with remaining transducer.

7. Ensure the transducer face is aligned normal to the pipe (Figure 4.3-A, below). The transducer face
alignment is particularly critical on small pipes due to pipe curvature. Notice that the properly installed
transducer contacts the pipe at the pipe’s centerline and that the gaps on either side of the centerline
are equal. The notches on both ends of the portable transducer rack allow the assembly to self-align to
the curvature of the pipe. Check the contacts of the notches to the pipe, and adjust as necessary.

FIGURE 4.3-A

8. Connect the transducer cables to the flowmeter.

The transducers should be mounted on the pipe in relation to the direction of
flow, as shown in Figure 4.3-B (below). Reversing the position of the upstream
and downstream transducers or reversing the transducer cable connections to
the instrument results in negative flow readings.

FIGURE 4.3-B

36

.....Spacing & mounting the transducers

8. Continued

a. Refer to Figure 1.6 (page 5) to locate the upstream and downstream connectors on the side of

the meter.

b. The upstream transducer cable has red-banded ends, and the downstream transducer cable has

blue-banded ends (Figure 4.3-B, page 36).

9. If maximum accuracy at low flow rates is important, calibrate the flowmeter according to Section 3.13

(page 22). The flowmeter is now capable of accurately measuring velocity and flow.

FIGURE 4.3-C: PORTABLE TRANSDUCER RACK INSTALLATION

4.4 Transducer Mounting Methods

There are several methods of mounting the transducers. The best method is determined by the specific
application. Complete steps 1-5 in Section 4.3 (page 35), and refer to the following sections for instructions
on how to properly mount the transducers with one of the available mounting methods.

4.4.1 V Method

The V method (Figure 4.4-A, page 38) is considered the standard method for pipes with 4- to 16-in (101.6
to 406.4 mm) diameters. This method typically yields a more accurate reading than the Z method since it
utilizes a longer measurement path.

Ensure V is the selected mounting method.

37

.....V method

FIGURE 4.4-A: V MOUNT

4.4.2 W Method

In many instances, flowmeter performance on small metallic pipes with outer diameters of 4 inches
(100 millimeters) or less can be improved by using the W mounting method (Figure 4.4-B, below). With the
W method, the sound wave traverses the fluid 4 times and bounces off the pipe walls 3 times. Like the
V method, both transducers are mounted on the same side of the pipe.

Ensure W is the selected mounting method.

FIGURE 4.4-B: W MOUNT

38

4.4.3 Z Method

The signal transmitted in a Z method installation has less attenuation than a signal transmitted with the
V method. This is because the Z method utilizes a directly transmitted (rather than reflected) signal which
transverses the liquid only once. The Z method (Figure 4.4-C, below) is used primarily in applications
where the V method cannot work due to signal attenuation from excessive air or solids in the liquid, thick
scale, poorly bonded linings, or very large pipes. In addition, the Z method generally works better on larger
diameter pipes where less pipe length is required for mounting.

Ensure Z is the selected mounting method.

FIGURE 4.4-C: Z MOUNT

1. Establish a reference at both the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions on the pipe (Figure 4.4-D, page 40).

2. Place a transducer at the 3 o’clock position.

3. Trace the shape of the 3 o’clock transducer along its inside edge (opposite the cable connection).
Draw a horizontal line at its center. Remove the transducer (Figure 4.4-E, page 40).

4. Obtain a continuous sheet of paper longer than the circumference of the pipe. Calculator paper tape or
thermal printer paper works well for this.

5. Fold one end of the paper across the pipe’s width to produce a clean, straight edge.

6. Line the fold of the paper up with the horizontal centerline of the 3 o’clock transducer (Figure 4.4-F,

page 40).

7. Wrap the paper firmly around the pipe, and mark the intersection point where the fold comes in
contact with the rest of the paper (Figure 4.4-G, page 40).

8. Remove the paper from the pipe. Place the fold and intersection mark together again, and foldthe
paper exactly in half (Figure 4.4-H, page 40).

9. Mark along the new fold (Figure 4.4-I, page 40).

39

.....Z method

FIGURES 4.4-D THROUGH 4.4-I (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

10. Draw a horizontal line along the pipe from the centerline of the 3 o’clock transducer position. Refer to
Figure 4.4-J (below), and use a level to ensure that the line is level with the top of the pipe. The line
should be at least 3 inches (76 millimeters) longer than the transducer spacing calculated by
UltraScan. For example, if UltraScan calculates the spacing as 14 inches (356 millimeters), draw a line
17 inches (432 millimeters) long.

11. Measure the spacing from the insideedge of the 3 o’clock transducer, and mark this on the pipe
Figure 4.4-K, below).

FIGURES 4.4-J (LEFT) & 4.4-K (RIGHT)

40

.....Z method

12. Wrap the paper firmly back on the pipe. Have the point where the ends of the paper come together
line up with the horizontal line on the 3 o’clock side of the pipe. Ensure that the inside corner of the
straight edge of the paper is aligned withthe mark made for the transducer spacing. Tape the paper
down, or have someone hold the paper in place (reference Figure 4.4-L, below).

FIGURE 4.4-L

13. Go to the other side of the pipe (9 o’clock position), and mark the pipe at the point where the marked
fold and the inside edge of the paper length intersect (Figure 4.4-M, below).

14. Remove the paper from the pipe and trace the shape of the 9 o’clock transducer in the same manner
you did for the 3 o’clock transducer. Ensure that the inside edge of the transducer (opposite the cable
connection) is even with the point just marked on the 9 o’clock side of the pipe (Figure 4.4-N, below).

15. Refer to Figure 4.4-O (below), and mount the transducers with pipe straps by following steps 5-6 in

Section 4.3 (page 35).

FIGURES 4.4-M (LEFT) & 4.4-N (RIGHT)

FIGURE 4.4-O

41

.....Z method

The figure below illustrates the final Z method installation.

FIGURE 4.4-P

4.4.4 WV and WW Methods

For applications with pipe diameters smaller than 2 inches (50 millimeters), the WV and WW methods are
options to achieve higher accuracy and stability when reasonable signal strength can be obtained (10% or
higher).

4.5 Small Pipe Applications

In this section, small pipe applications refer to the following pipe sizes:

• stainless steel or brass: 1.0 to 3.5 in (25.4 to 88.9 mm)

• PVC, carbon steel, or other: 1.0 to 2.5 in (25.4 to 63.5 mm)

If signal strength is greater than 10%, we recommend the W mounting method for pipe sizes 3.5 in (63.5
mm) or smaller and the WW mounting method for pipe sizes 2.0 in (50.8 mm) or smaller.

The pipe curve effect on small pipe applications can cause multipath signals and measurement
uncertainty. Removing extra compound along the transducer sides can eliminate the side wave paths as
seen in Figure 4.5-A (page 43). Follow these step s to eliminate these side wave paths:

1. Apply coupling compound as usual on to the coupling surfaces, and clamp the transducers onto the
pipe.

2. Use a pen-sized, standard screwdriver to remove the extra grease between the transducers and the
pipe (Figure 4.5-A, page 43).

42

.....Small pipe applications

FIGURE 4.5-A

For high temperature or outdoor small pipe applications, use the foam tape strips shipped with the
flowmeter to block the side wave paths. Other tape materials generally do not satisfy performance or
safety specifications. Please contact Thermo when more tape strips are needed.

1. Wipe grease off the coupling surfaces of both transducers. Clean the surfaces with detergent and let
dry (Figure 4.5-B, below).

2. Refer to Figure 4.5-C (below) and draw two lines on each transducer surface with a pencil so that the
band defined by the lines is in the middle of the surface. The spacing between the two lines should be
as follows:

a. 3.0 to 3.5 in pipes: 0.50 in (76.2 to 88.9 mm pipes: 12.7 mm)
b. 2.5 to 3.0 in pipes: 0.44 in (63.5 to 76.2 mm pipes: 11.2 mm)
c. 2.0 to 2.5 in pipes: 0.38 in (50.8 to 63.5 mm pipes: 9.7 mm)
d. 1.5 to 2.0 in pipes: 0.32 in (38.1 to 50.8 mm pipes: 8.13 mm)
e. 1.5 in and smaller pipes: 0.25 in (38.1 mm and smaller pipes: 6.35 mm)

3. Remove the adhesive protection paper to expose the tape strips. Place a strip on each side of the
surface along the line. Press the strips down to ensure good adhesion (Figure 4.5-D, page 44).

4. Apply coupling compound to the space between the tape strips. The optimum height of the compound
layer is approximately one-half the height of the tape strips (Figure 4.5-E, page 44).

FIGURES 4.5-B (LEFT) & 4.5-C (RIGHT)

43

.....Small pipe applications

FIGURES 4.5-D (LEFT) & 4.5-E (RIGHT)

44

5. EMERGENCY OVERRIDES & MASTER ERASE

Since these 2 procedures allow critical data to be accessed and changed, this page may be re­moved from the instruction manual to prevent unauthorized use of these features.

5.1 Emergency Overrides

In the event that a user-entered password is forgotten, the following emergency override passwords may
be used: 42 for the system password and 43 for the scale factor password. These override passwords
may not be changed or disabled.

5.2 Performing a Master Erase

This function erases all user-entered data AND data in the dat a logger. Note all configuration settings and
download the datalog file if a record is desired prior to performing a Master Erase.

1. Turn the flowmeter off and back on again.

2. When the message INITIALIZING... is displayed, press ERASE within 3 seconds.

3. The Master Erase screen is displayed (Figure 5-A, below). To continue with the Master Erase, press
the 5 key within 3 seconds, and Figure 5-B (below) is displayed.

4. Press the . (decimal) key within 3 seconds tocontinue.

5. If the Master Erase function is completed, Figure 5-C (below) is displayed. If the function is not
completed, Figure 5-D (below) is displayed.

6. Enter all configuration data.

FIGURES 5.2-A THROUGH 5.2-D (LEFT TO RIGHT, TOP TO BOTTOM)

45

6. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

6.1 Replacing the Fuse

Prevent possible electrical shock and/or damage to the meter – disconnect power
to the meter PRIOR to wiring.

6.1.1 Flowmeter Fuse

The fuse located on the front panel of the flowmeter (upper right corner) protects the instrument from
overcurrent or short circuits from the internal battery. It is rated at 3 A, 250 V. The sheet metal access
cover does not need to be removed since it has a hole for accessing the fuse. To replace the fuse:

1. Disconnect power from the flowmeter, and determine the cause of the fuse failure; correct if known.

2. Open the door of the flowmeter, and use a small, flat-bladed screwdriver to remove the fuse and
replace it with another fuse of the same rating.

3. Reconnect power to the flowmeter and verify that the unit operates properly and the newly-installed
fuse does not blow.

6.1.2 Breakout Box Fuse

The fuse located in the breakout box protects the instrument from overcurrent from the battery charger/AC
adapter output. To replace the fuse:

1. Disconnect power from the flowmeter and disconnect the breakout box from the flowmeter and battery
charger/AC adapter.

2. Remove the 4 screws from the cover of the breakout box, and use a small, flat-bladed screwdriver, to
remove the fuse and replace it with another fuse of the same rating.

3. Reconnect power to the flowmeter and the breakout box to the battery charger/AC adapter, and verify
that the unit operates properly .

6.2 Charging the Printer Battery

Charging the printer battery is a simple procedure. Connect the printer to the printer power cable on the
breakout box (if battery charger/AC adapter is connected). Note the following cautions PRIOR to charging
the printer battery:

• If the battery is fully discharged, the battery charge time is 15 hours. DO NOT
charge for more than 24 hours.

• Do not connect the battery charger/AC adapter directly to the printer. The
voltage and polarity output of the charger do not match required input of the
printer. If they are directly connected, the printer battery can explode or the
printer can be seriously damaged.

46

6.3 Charging the Flowmeter

The DCT7088 is a DC-powered instrument that normally operates from the internal 12-V battery supplied
with the unit. It may also be powered by one of the following sources which connect to the 12-15 Vdc input
on the breakout box:

• battery charger/AC adapter, which converts a 90 to 64 Vac, 50/60 Hz, 15-W input to a 15 Vdc output

• automobile cigarette lighter adapter, which provides a 12 Vdc output

If the battery charger/AC adapter is connected, it simultaneously powers the flowmeter and recharges or
maintains the charge on the internal battery. The battery charges at a slower rate when the charger/
adapter is used to power the unit and charge the battery .

6.4 Replacing Sonic Coupling Compound

Any voids or air gaps that exist in the coupling compound beneath the transducers can reduce the signal
and render the flowmeter inoperative. Coupling compound should be protected from washout and replaced
as required. Annual replacement is recommended for most applications to maint ain optimal performance.

To replace the coupling compound:

1. Remove the transducers from the pipe.

2. Clean the old compound from the transducers and the pipe.

3. Apply a wide bead of compound lengthwise down the center of each transducer face.

4. Remount the transducers, verifying that the compound is squeezing out from underneath all sides of
the transducers and forming a bead along the edges.

We recommend the following sonic coupling compounds:

• Sil-Glyde® (American Grease Stick Company): made from a silicon base and suited for most
transducer installations; rated for pip skin temperatures from -40º to +212º F (-40º to +100º C)

• Dow Corning® 1 11 or similar high temperature couplant: can be used for applications with pipe skin
temperatures up to 300º F (150º C)

• General Electric RTV-108 or similar silicon RTV: should be used for underground or submerged
transducer sites or sites where a more permanent bond is required; RTV should be completely cured
prior to covering up the transducer site or taking readings

• Krautkramer® Hitempco (Thermo P/N 22861-0001): good high temperature couplant; should be used
with optional high temperature transducers rated up to 392º F (200º C)

The transducers should not be bonded with epoxy.

47

6.5 Troubleshooting & Support

6.5.1 General

If the unit does not perform satisfactorily , complete the following steps until the problem is resolved:

1. Verify that the flowmeter is properly inst alled and that the installation site is suit able.

2. Verify that the flowmeter is properly configured.

3. Perform a Master Erase.

4. Contact the installation contractor or representative through whom the flowmeter was purchased.

5. Contact Thermo to attempt to resolve the problem over the phone.

6. If we determine the problem cannot be resolved over the phone, return the entire unit to the factory .

6.5.2 Local Representative Support

The local Thermo representative is the first contact for support and is well equipped to answer questions
and provide application assistance. Your representative has access to product information and current
software revisions.

6.5.3 Service & Returns

If it becomes necessary to contact Thermo with software or hardware problems, please have the following
information available:

• signal strength • transducer type and mounting configuration

• pipe orientation • pipe OD

• pipe ID • pipe material

• fluid type • liner material

• liner thickness • model and serial numbers

To return an instrument:

1. Contact Thermo for an RMA number (issued by the service represent ative). The receiving dock does

not accept shipments without the RMA number.

You can contact us at any of the following:

• Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

• Web: www.thermo.com • Address: listed on page 49

2. Ensure the instrument is well packed, in its original shipping box if available.

3. Include a letter fully explaining the symptoms of the failure as well as detail describing the application
where the unit was being operated (type of fluid, pipe size, pipe material, fluid velocity , etc.).

4. Write the RMA number on the outside of the shipping box.

48

.....Service & returns

5. Send the unit freight-paid to:

Thermo Electron Corporation
Process Instruments Division
9303 W. Sam Houston Parkway S.
Houston, TX 77099
USA

6.5.4 Upgrades

Thermo provides the most current software for your meter at time of shipment. Find out about upgrades by
contacting Thermo via mail, fax, phone, or web. Upgrades are available using the RS232 port and a
remote terminal.

6.6 Warranty Statement

Thermo products are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship at the time of
shipment and for one year thereafter. Any claimed defects in Thermo products must be reported within the
warranty period. Thermo shall have the right to inspect such products at Buyer’s plant or to require Buyer
to return such products to Thermo plant.

In the event Thermo requests return of its products, Buyer shall ship with transport ation charges p aid by
the Buyer to Thermo plant. Shipment of repaired or replacement goods from Thermo plant shall be F.O.B.
Thermo plant. A shop charge may apply for alignment and calibration services. Thermo shall be liable only
to replace or repair, at it s option, free of charge, products which are found by Thermo to be defective in
material or workmanship, and which are reported to Thermo within the warranty period as provided above.
This right to replacement shall be Buyer’s exclusive remedy against Thermo.

Thermo shall not be liable for labor charges or other losses or damages of any kind or description,
including but not limited to, incidental, special or consequential damages caused by defective products.
This warranty shall be void if recommendations provided by Thermo or its Sales Representatives are not
followed concerning methods of operation, usage and storage or exposure to corrosive conditions.

Materials and/or products furnished to Thermo by other suppliers shall carry no warranty except such
suppliers’ warranties as to materials and workmanship. Thermo disclaims all warranties, expressed or
implied, with respect to such products.

EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE AGREED TO IN WRITING BY Thermo, THE WARRANTIES GIVEN ABOVE
ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AND Thermo HEREBY
DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR PURPOSE.

49

APPENDIX A: PIPE SCHEDULES

This appendix provides pipe schedules as a convenient reference for the following pipe materials: steel,
stainless steel, and PVC (Table A-1); cast iron (Table A-2); ductile iron (Table A-3).

The inside diameters (IDs) listed in the following tables are calculated from the outside diameter (OD) and
minimum wall thicknesses as specified in applicable standards. The actual pipe ID may vary from the
dimension listed in the tables by as much as 25% of the pipe minimum wall thickness. The accuracy of
flow rate measurement is enhanced if the pipe ID is actually measured.

50

X STG

Std.

Wall

160

Sched.

140

Sched.

120

Sched.

100

Sched.

80

Sched.

0.957

1.278

1.500

1.939

2.323

2.900

3.364

3.826

4.813

5.761

7.625

9.750

11.750

13.000

15.000

17.000

19.000

23.000

29.000

35.000

41.000

47.000

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

3.068

3.548

4.026

5.047

6.065

7.981

10.020

12.000

13.250

15.250

17.250

19.250

23.250

29.250

35.250

41.250

47.250

0.815

1.160

1.338

1.687

2.125

2.624 3.438

0.957

1.278

1.500

1.939

2.323

2.900

3.364

3.624

3.826

4.313

4.563

4.813

5.187

5.501

5.761

6.813

7.001

7.187

7.367

7.625

8.500

8.750

9.062

9.312

9.562

10.126

10.500

10.750

11.062

11.374

11.188

11.500

11.876

12.124

12.500

12.812

13.124

13.562

13.938

14.312

14.438

14.876

15.255

15.688

16.124

16.062

19.312 31.312

16.500

19.876 31.876

17.000

20.376

17.438

20.938

17.938

21.562

Table A-1

Steel, Stainless Steel, and PVC Pipe Standard Schedules

60

Sched.

40

Sched.

30

Sched.

Inside Diameter (ID) and Outside Diameter (OD) in Inches

20

Sched.

10

wall)

(light

Sched.

5

Sched.

OD

1.049

1.380

1.610

2.067

2.469

1.097

1.442

1.682

2.157

2.635

1.185

1.530

1.770

2.245

2.709

1.315

1.660

1.900

2.375

2.875

3.068

3.548

1.026

5.047

6.065

3.260

3.760

4.260

5.295

6.357

3.334

3.834

4.334

5.345

6.407

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.563

6.625

7.813

7.981

8.071

8.125

8.329

8.407

8.625

9.750

11.626

10.020

11.938

10.136

12.090

10.250

12.250

10.420

12.390

10.482

12.438 15.670

10.750

12.750

12.812

13.124

13.250

13.376

13.500

14.000

14.688

15.000

15.250

15.376

15.500

16.000

16.500

16.876

17.124

17.376

17.500

17.670

18.000

18.376

18.812

19.000

19.250

19.500

19.634

20.000

22.062

22.624

28.500

22.876

28.750

23.250

29.000

23.500

29.376

23.564

29.500

24.000

30.000

34.500

40.500

47.250

34.750

40.750

35.000

41.000

35.376

36.000

42.000

48.000

Size

Pipe

Nominal

1

1.25

1.5 2 2.5

3

3.5 4 5

51

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

24

30

36

42

48

3.00

3.96

6.00

8.00

7.38

9.60

6.08

8.10

7.38

9.60

6.00

8.10

7.22

9.42

6.06

8.10

7.22

9.42

6.00

8.10

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

24.00

11.84

14.08

16.32

18.54

20.78

23.02

27.76

10.12

12.14

14.18

16.18

18.22

20.24

24.26

11.84

14.08

16.32

18.54

20.78

23.02

27.76

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

24.00

11.60

13.78

15.98

18.16

20.34

22.54

26.90

10.12

12.14

14.18

16.20

18.20

20.24

24.28

11.60

13.78

15.98

18.16

20.34

22.54

26.90

10.04

12.00

14.01

16.02

18.00

20.00

24.00

30.00

33.46

30.00

33.10

30.00

36.00

40.04

36.00

39.60

36.00

42.02

53.94

60.06

48.00

58.40

64.82

Table A-2

3.96

5.00

3.06

4.04

7.10

9.30

6.08

8.18

11.40

13.50

15.65

17.80

19.92

22.06

26.32

32.74

39.16

45.58

51.98

54.00

60.20

72.10

10.16

12.14

14.17

16.20

18.18

20.22

24.22

30.00

35.98

42.02

47.98

57.80

64.20

76.88

Cast Iron Pipe Standard Classes

3.96

5.00

7.10

9.30

11.40

13.50

15.65

17.80

19.92

22.06

26.32

32.40

38.70

45.10

51.40

57.80

64.20

72.10

84.10

Inside Diameter (ID) and Outside Diameter (OD) in Inches

3.12

4.10

3.96

5.00

3.02

3.96

6.14

8.03

7.10

9.05

6.02

8.13

9.96

11.10

10.10

11.96

13.98

16.00

18.00

20.00

24.02

29.94

36.00

41.94

47.96

54.00

60.06

72.10

84.10

13.20

15.30

17.40

19.50

21.60

25.80

32.00

38.30

44.50

50.80

57.10

63.40

76.00

88.54

12.12

14.16

16.20

18.22

20.26

24.28

28.98

35.98

42.00

47.98

53.96

60.02

72.10

84.10

Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F Class G Class H

3.80

4.80

6.90

9.05

11.10

13.20

15.30

17.40

19.50

21.60

25.80

31.74

37.96

44.20

50.50

56.66

62.80

75.34

87.54

ID OD ID OD ID OD ID OD ID OD ID OD ID OD ID OD

Size

Nominal Pipe

3 4 6 8 10

12

14

16

52

18

20

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

72

84

NOTE: For pipes with cement linings, reduce the pipe ID by two times the lining thickness. Standard and double cement lining thickne sses listed

in Table A-3.

Double

Thickness

0.250

0.375

0.500

( see note)

Cement Lin ing

Standard

Thickness

0.125

56

Class

Class

Class

Table A-3

Class

55

54

53

3.16

3.98

3.22

4.04

3.28

4.10

3.34

4.16

6.04

6.10

6.16

6.22

8.15

10.16

8.21

10.22

8.27

10.28

8.33

10.34

0.1875

12.22

14.28

16.36

18.44

20.52

12.28

14.34

16.42

18.50

20.58

12.34

14.40

16.48

18.56

20.64

12.40

14.46

16.54

18.62

20.70

0.250

24.68

30.74

36.84

42.84

48.94

55.00

24.74

30.82

36.94

42.96

49.08

55.16

24.80

30.90

37.04

43.08

49.22

55.32

24.86

30.98

37.14

43.20

49.36

55.48

Ductile Iron Pipe Standard Classes

52

Class

Class

51

3.40

4.22

3.46

4.28

3.28

6.39

6.34

8.45

10.40

12.46

14.52

16.60

18.68

20.76

24.92

31.06

37.06

43.32

49.50

55.48

10.46

12.52

14.58

16.66

18.74

20.82

24.98

31.14

37.34

43.44

49.64

55.80

Inside Diameter (ID) and Outside Diameter (OD) in Inches

50

Class

6.40

8.51

10.52

12.58

14.64

16.72

18.80

20.88

25.04

31.22

37.44

43.56

49.78

55.96

OD

3.96

4.80

6.90

9.05

11.10

13.20

15.30

17.40

19.50

21.60

25.80

32.00

38.30

44.50

50.80

57.10

Inside Diameter

Nominal

Pipe Size

3 4 6 8 10

12

14

16

18

20

24

30

36

42

48

54

NOTE: For pipes with cement linings, reduce the pipe ID by two times the lining thickness listed abov e.

53

APPENDIX B: FLUID PROPERTIES

B.1 Fluid Sound Velocities & Kinematic Viscosities

This section provides a table of fluid sound speeds and kinematic viscosities. The information is based on
material from the

and Chemical Constants

Note that viscosity does not have as significant an effect on flow accuracy as sound speed since viscosity
is only used to calculate flow profile. Even a comparatively large error in viscosity results in a change of
only 2 to 5 percent.

Acetaldehyde CH3CHO

Acetic acid

10%........................................

50%........................................

80%........................................

Conc.-glacial..........................

Acetic anhydride

Acetone CH
Acetylene tetrabromide
Acetylene tetrachloride
Alcohol

allyl.........................................

butyl-n....................................

ethyl (grain) C2H5OH..............

methyl (wood) CH

propyl.....................................

Ammonia

Cameron Hydraulic Data Book

(13th ed., Longmans, 1966).

LIQUID

COCH3

3

OH ...........

3

o

C

t

16.1

37.8

-17.8

(17th ed., Ingersoll-Rand, 1988) and

20
50
15
15
15
15
24

15
20
28
28

20
40

20
70

20

15

0

20
50

c(m/s)

1584

1384

1190
1007
1155

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

to F

61
68

122

59
59
59
59
75

59
68
82
82

68

104

68

158

68

100

59
32

68

122

0

Table of Physical

c(ft/s)

---

---

5196

---

---

---

---

4540

--­3903
3303
3788

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

0.305

0.295

---

1.35

2.27

2.85

1.34

---

0.88

0.41

---

---

1.60

0.90

3.64

1.17

1.52

1.2

0.74

1.04

2.8

1.4

0.30

54

LIQUID

Amyl acetate
n-Amyl alcohol
iso-Amyl ether
Aniline

Argon
Asphalt, blended

RC-0, MC-0, SC-0 .................

RC-1, MC-1, SC-1 .................

RC-2, MC-2, SC-2 .................

RC-3, MC-3, SC-3 .................

RC-4, MC-4, SC-4 .................

RC-5, MC-5, SC-5 .................

RS-1, MS-1, SS-1..................

Asphalt emulsions

Fed #1....................................

Fed #2, V, VI..........................

o

T

C

29.2

28.6
26
20

10

-183.0

25

37.8

37.8
50

50
60

50
60

60

82.8
60

82.8
25

37.8

25

37.8
25

37.8

c(m/s)

1173
1224
1153
1656

---

816.7

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

to F

-297

85
83
79
68

50

77

100
100

122
122

140
122

140
140

180
140

180

77

100

77

100

77

100

c(ft/s)

3847
4015
3782
5432

2679

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

1295 - 2805

---

---

1725 - 4315

---

---

6040 - 18340

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

---

---

4.37

6.4

---

159 - 324

60 - 108

518 - 1080

159 - 324

518 - 1080

215 - 430

540 - 1080

270 - 540

647 - 1295

33 - 216

19 - 75

215 - 1510

75 - 367
33 - 216

19 - 75

55

LIQUID

Automotive crankcase oils

SAE-5W.....................................

SAE-10W...................................

SAE-20W...................................

SAE-20.......................................

SAE-30.......................................

SAE-40.......................................

SAE-50.......................................

Automotive gear oils

SAE-75W...................................

SAE-80W...................................

SAE-85W...................................

SAE-90.......................................

SAE-14Q....................................

SAE 150.....................................

Beer
Benzene (Benzol) C

Benzophenone
Bismuth
Bone Oil

Bromine
Bromobenzene
Bromoform
Butane-n

Butyl acetate
n-Butyl alcohol
iso-Butyl bromide
Butyric acid n

Cadmium

6H6

t? C

-17.8

-17.8

-17.8

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

98.9

54.4

-1.1

-104

20
20

100
285

100

20
50
25

--­30
20

20

360

0

0

c(m/s)

1257.7

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

1321

--­1316
1663

---

---

--­1074

908

---

--­1172

1450

---

--­2150

t?? F

0
0

0
210
210
210
210

210
210
210
210
210
210

68
68

32
212
545
130

212

68
122

77

-50
30

86
68

-155
68

32

680

c(ft/s)

cSt

---

---

--- 2590 - 10350

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

4333

--­4316
5455

---

---

--­3523
2978

---

--­3844
4125
4756

---

--­7052

1295 max

1295 - 2590

5.7 - 9.6

9.6 - 12.9

12.9 - 16.8

16.8 - 22.7

4.2 min

7.0 min

11.0 min
14 - 25
25 - 43

43 min

1.8

0.744

1.00

---

---

47.5

11.6

0.34

---

---

0.52

0.35

---

---

---

1.61

2.3cp

---

56

LIQUID

Caesium
Calcium chloride

5%..........................................

25%........................................

Carbolic acid (phenol)
Carbon tetrachloride CCI4

Carbon disulphide CS

2

Carbon tetrachloride
Castor oil

China wood oil

Chlorine
m-Chlornitrobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform

Cocoanut oil

Cod oil

Corn oil

Corn starch solutions

22 Baume...............................

24 Baume...............................

25 Baume...............................

t?C

18.3

15.6

18.3

37.8

18.6

37.8

54.4

20.6

37.8

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

54.4

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

130

20

25

0

20
20

20
40
25
20

25
60

100

c(m/s)

967

---

---

---

---

---

1149

---

---

938

1500

---

---

---

---

850
1368
1302

---

995

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

t?F

266

65
60
65
68

100

77
32
68

68

65
100
130

69
100

68
104

77

68

77
140

100
130

100
130

130
212

70
100

70
100

70
100

c(ft/s)

3172

3769

3077
4920

2788
4487
4271

3264

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

1.156

4.0

11.83

0.612

0.53

---

0.33

0.298

---

---

259 - 325

98-130

308.5

125.5

---

---

---

0.38

---

0.35

29.8 - 31.6

14.7 - 15.7

32.1

19.4

28.7

8.6

32.1

27.5

129.8

95.2
303

173.2

57

LIQUID

Cotton seed oil

Crude Oil

48°API....................................

40°API....................................

35.6 API.................................

32.6 API.................................

Salt Creek..............................

Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Decane-n

l-Decene
Deuterium oxide
Diesel fuel oils

2D..........................................

3D..........................................

4D..........................................

5D..........................................

Diethyl Ether
Diethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol monoethyl
ether

Dimethyl siloxane
(Dow Corningfi 200 fluid)

o

t

C

37.8

54.4

15.6

54.4

15.6

54.4

15.6

54.4

15.6

54.4

15.6

54.4

-17.8

37.8

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

71.1

21.1

20
30

20
20

50

20

30
30

20

c(m/s)

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

--­1278
1622

---

--­1250
1381

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

--­1533

1296

912.3

to F

100
130

60

130

60

130

60

130

60

130

60

130

68
86

0

100

68
68

100
130

100
130

100
130

122
160

68
70

86
86

68

c(ft/s)

4192
5320

4100
4530

5028
4251

2992

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

37.9

20.6

3.8

1.6

9.7

3.5

17.8

4.9

23.2

7.1
77

6.1

---

---

2.36

1.001

---

---

2 - 6

1 - 3.97

6 - 11.75

3.97 - 6.78

29.8 max

13.1 max

86.6 max

35.2 max

0.32
32

---

---

---

58

LIQUID

Diphenyl
Diphenyl ether
Ethanol
Ethanol amide
Ether (diethyl)
Ethyl acetate CH

COOC2H5

3

Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl bromide C

2H5

Br

Ethyl glycol
Ethyl iodide
Ethylene bromide
Ethylene chloride
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Ethylene glycol monomethyl

ether
Formaldehyde
Formamide
Formic acid

10% .......................................

50% .......................................

80% .......................................

Conc......................................

o

t

C

21.1

100

30
20
25
25
15

20
20
10

20
30
20
20
20
24
23

30
30
30

25
25
20

20
20
20
20

c(m/s)

1161.8

1271
1462
1156
1724

985

---

1133

932

---

1606

876

---

--­1014
1240

--­1616

1279
1339

1587
1610
1299

---

---

---

---

to F

212

86
68
77
77
59

68
68
50

68
86
68
68
68
75
73
70

86
86
86

77
77
68

68
68
68
68

c(ft/s)

4169
4795
3792
5655
3231

3716
3811
3057

5268
2873

3326
4067

5300
4195
4392

5205
5281
4261

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

---

---

---

---

0.4

0.49

---

---

0.27

---

---

0.787

0.668

---

---

17.8

---

---

---

---

---

---

1.04

1.2

1.4

1.48

59

LIQUID

Freon

-11..........................................

-12..........................................

-21..........................................

Fuel Oils

1.............................................

2.............................................

3.............................................

5A...........................................

5B...........................................

6.............................................

Gallium
Gas oils

Gasolines

a.............................................

b.............................................

c.............................................

Glycerine

100%......................................

50% Water.............................

Glucose

Guaicol
Helium

o

t

C

21.1

21.1

21.1

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8
50

71.1
50

21.1

37.8

15.6

37.8

15.6

15.6

37.8
30

20.3

37.8
20

60

37.8

65.6

100

-268.8

c(m/s)

60

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

2740

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

1923

---

---

---

---

---

---

1252

179.8

to F

-452

70

70
70

70

100

70

100

70

100

70

100

70

100
122

160
122

70

100

60

100

60
60

100

86
69

100

68

140
100

150
212

c(ft/s)

8987

6307

4107

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

590

cSt

0.21

0.27

1.45

2.39 - 4.28

2.69

3.0 - 7.4

2.11 - 4.28

2.69 - 5.84

2.06 - 3.97

7.4 - 26.4

4.91 - 13.7

26.4-

13.6 - 67.1

97.4 - 660

37.5 - 172

---

13.9

7.4

0.88

0.71

0.64

0.46

0.40

--­648
176

5.29

1.85cp

7.7M - 22M
880 - 2420

---

---

LIQUID

n-Heptane

Heptene
Heptyne
Hexane
n-Hexane

Honey
Hydrogen
Industrial lubricants

Turbine oils

685..................................

SSU at 100oF..................

420..................................

SSU ................................

315..................................

SSU ................................

215..................................

SSU ................................

150..................................

SSU ................................

Machine lubricants

#8....................................

#10..................................

#20..................................

#30..................................

o

t

C

-17.8

22.4

37.8

-17.8

21.2

37.8

37.8

-256

15.6

93.3

15.6

93.3

15.6

93.3

15.6

93.3

15.6

93.3

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

30
30
20

c(m/s)

61

---

1150

--­1082
1159
1203

--­1085

---

--­1187

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

to F

-429

72

100

86
86
68

70

100
100

60

200

60

200

60

200

60

200

60

200

100
130

100
130

100
130

100
130

0

0

c(ft/s)

3772

3549
3802
3946

3559

3893

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

0.928

---

0.511

---

---

---

0.683

---

0.401

73.6

---

647

14.5

367

11

259

8

151

7.3
99

6

23 - 34
13 - 18

34 - 72
18 - 25

72 - 83
25 - 39

75 - 119

39 - 55

LIQUID

Machine lubricants, cont

Cutting oils

#1....................................

#2....................................

Indium
Ink, printers

Insulating oil

Kerosene

Jet Fuel (av)
Lard

Lard oil

Lead
Linseed oil

Menhadden oil

Menthol
Merck

Mercury 20

Methanol 20 1118 68 3667
Methyl acetate 20

Methyl alcohol
Methyl bromide

o

t

C

c(m/s)

to C

c(ft/s)

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4
260

37.8

54.4

21.1

37.8

20
25

-34.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4
340

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

50

20.2

21.1

37.8

30
20

2215

1315

1760

1271

1482.3
1454

1131

1121.2

2

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

905

100
130

100
130

500
100

130

70

100

68
77

-30

100
130

100
130

644
100

130
100

130
122

68
68

70

100

68
86

68
36

---

---

---

---

7265

---

---

---

---

---

4313

---

---

---

---

---

5773

---

---

---

--­4169
4862

4769

---

---

--­3710

3678
2968

cSt

30 - 40
17 - 23

40 - 46
23 - 26

---

550 - 2200

238 - 660

24.1 max

11.75 max

2.71

---

7.9

62.1

34.3

41 - 47.5

23.4 - 27.1

----

30.5

18.94

29.8

18.2

---

---

---

0.118

0.11

---

0.44

---

---

---

62

LIQUID

Methylene chloride
Methylene iodide
Milk
Molasses

A, first.....................................

B, second...............................

C, blackstrap..........................

Naphthalene
Naptha
Neatsfoot oil

Nitrobenzene

Nitrogen
Nonane
l-Nonene
Nonene-n

n-Octane

Oil (lubricating)
Oil of camphor
Oleic acid
Olive oil

Oxygen
Palm oil

t

-188.9

-182.9

o

C

23.5
24
20

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4
80
25

37.8

54.4
20

23.8

20
20

-17.8

37.8

-17.8
20

37.8
10
25
20

21.7

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

c(m/s)

1064

977.7

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

1225

---

---

---

1462

744.7
1248
1218

---

---

---

1192

--­1625
1390
1442
1440

---

---

912

---

---

to F

-308

-297

74
75
68

100
130

100
130

100
130

176

77

100
130

68
75

68
68

100

68

100

50
77
68

71
100
130

100
130

0

0

c(ft/s)

3490
3207

4018

4795
2443
4093
3995

3910

5330
4559
4730
4723

2991

---

---

---

---

1410 - 13.2M

---

---

---

1320 - 16.5M

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

---

1.13

281 - 5070
151 - 1760

660 - 3.3M

2630 - 55M

0.9

---

49.7

27.5

1.67

---

---

---

---

1.728

0.807

1.266

---

0.645

---

---

---

---

43.2

24.1

---

47.8

26.4

63

LIQUID

Paraldehyde
Peanut oil

l-Pentadecene
Pentane
iso-Pentane
n-Pentane

Petrolatum

Petroleum ether
Phenol
Potassium
n-Propanol
Propionic acid
n-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
Pyridine
Quenching oil (typical)
Rapeseed oil

Rosin oil

Rosin (wood)

Rubidium
Sesame seed oil

Silicon tetrachloride

o

t

C

37.8

54.4

-17.8

26.7

54.4

71.1

15.6
100
150

21.1

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

93.3
160

37.8

54.4

28

20
20
25

20

20
20
26
20

20

---

30

c(m/s)

1223.2

766.2

1197

---

--­1351
1008

985

--­1044

---

---

---

--­1274
1840
1220

--­1182

--­1445

---

---

---

---

---

---

--­1260

---

---

to F

82

100
130

68
68
77

0
68
80

130
160

60

212
302

68
68
79
68
70
68

---

100
130

100
130

100
200

320
100

130

86

c(ft/s)

3926

4431
3306
3231

3424

4179
6035
4002

3877
4012

4740

4133

2513

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

42

23.4

---

---

---

0.508

---

0.342

20.5
15

31(est)

---

---

---

1.13

---

---

52

---

100 - 120

54.1
31

324.7

129.9

216 - 11M

108 - 4400

---

39.6
23

---

64

LIQUID

Sodium
Sodium chloride (fused)

5%..........................................

25%........................................

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)

20%........................................

30%........................................

Soya bean oil

Sperm oil

Sugar solutions

Corn syrup

86.4 Brix .........................

84.4 Brix .........................

82.3 Brix .........................

80.3 Brix .........................

78.4 Brix .........................

Sugar solutions

Sucrose

60 Brix ............................

64 Brix ............................

68 Brix ............................

72 Brix ............................

74 Brix ............................

o

t

C

15.6

18.3

18.3

37.8

54.4

37.8

54.4

37.8

82.2

37.8

82.2

37.8

82.2

37.8

82.2

37.8

82.2

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

150
850

20

c(m/s)

2500
1991

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

to F

1562

302

68
60

65
65

100
130

100
130

100
180

100
180

100
180

100
180

100
180

70

100

70

100

70

100

70

100

70

100

c(ft/s)

8200
6530

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

---

---

1.097

2.4

4.0

10.0

35.4

19.64

21 - 23

15.2

180Mcp

1750cp

48Mcp

800cp

17Mcp

380cp

6900cp

230cp

3200cp

160cp

49.7

18.7

95.2

31.6

216.4

59.5
595

138.6

1210

238

65

LIQUID

Sugar solutions, cont

Sucrose

76 Brix............................

Sulphur
Sulphuric acid

100% .....................................

95% .......................................

60% .......................................

Tar, coke oven

Tar, gas house

Tar, pine

Tar, road -

RT-2.......................................

RT-4.......................................

RT-6.......................................

RT-8.......................................

RT-10.....................................

RT-12.....................................

Tetralin
Tin (molten)
Toluene

o-Toluidine
l-Tridecene

o

t

C

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

21.1

37.8

37.8

55.6

22.5

130

20

20
20

50

100

50

100

50

100

50

100

50

100

50

100

20

240

20
30

20

c(m/s)

---

---

1332

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

--­1484
2470

--­1275

1669
1313

to F

70

100
266

68

68
68
70

100

70

100
100

132

122
212

122
212

122
212

122
212

122
212

122
212

68

464

68
86

73
68

c(ft/s)

4369

4868
8102

4182
5474
4307

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

3300 - 66M

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

4.4M - 13.2M

---

---

---

---

cSt

2200

440

---

14.6

14.5

4.4

600 - 1760

141 - 308

440 - 4400

559

108.2

43.2 - 64.9

8.88 - 10.2

86.6 - 154

11.6 - 14.3
216 - 440

16.8 - 26.2

660 - 1760

31.8 - 48.3

53.7 - 86.6

25M - 75M

108 - 173

---

---

0.68

---

---

---

66

LIQUID

Trielhylene glycol
Triethylamine
Turpentine

l-Undecene
Varnish, spar

Water

distilled...................................

fresh.......................................

sea.........................................

Water (sea)

(surface, 3.5% salinity)

Whale oil

Xylene hexafluoride
o-Xylene

Zinc

o

t

C

21.1

37.8

54.4

37.8

15.6

54.4

37.8

54.4

25

20
20

20

---

15

25
20

22

450

0

c(m/s)

1482.9

1507.4

--­1189
1225

---

--­1275

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

879

--­1352

2700

to F

70
32

77
100
130

68

68
100

68

60
130

---

59

100
130

77

68

72
842

c(ft/s)

3900
4018

4182

4864

4944

2883

4435
8856

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

cSt

40

---

---

86.6 - 95.2

39.9 - 44.3

---

313
143

1.0038

1.13

0.55

1.15

---

35 - 39.6

19.9 - 23.4

---

0.93

---

---

B.2 Clean Water Sound Speed Versus Temperature

Fº Cº ft/s m/s
32 0 4599.8 1402.019
41 5 4677.8 1425.793
50 10 4747 1446.886
59 15 4808.3 1465.57
68 20 4862.1 1481.968
77 25 4909.1 1496.294
86 30 4949.9 1508.73
95 35 4985 1519.428
104 40 5014.7 1528.481
113 45 5039.4 1536.009
122 50 5059.6 1542.166

Fº Cº ft/s m/s
131 55 5075.4 1546.982
140 60 5087.2 1550.579
149 65 5095.3 1553.047
158 70 5099.7 1554.389
167 75 5100.8 1554.724
176 80 5098.7 1554.084
185 85 5093.6 1552.529
194 90 5085.6 1550.091
203 95 5074.8 1546.799
212 100 5068.4 1544.848

*see next page for graphical representation

67

B.3 Relationship Between Specific Gravity, Viscosity, & Sound

Velocity for Petroleum Products

The graph below depicts the approximate relationship between specific gravity, viscosity and sound
velocities for aliphatic hydrocarbons (petroleum products).

68

APPENDIX C: MONITORING & DOWNLOADING DATA LOGS USING D-LINK

D-Link is PC-based user interface software that can communicate with DCT6088 and DCT7088
flowmeters to monitor and download data log information.

C.1 Installing D-Link

St art the PolyCD and select D-Link in Communication Software. Follow the instructions to inst all D-Link.

C.2 Establishing Communications with a Flowmeter

1. Go to the Options Group menu (42) and select D-Link in the communication options.

2. Connect a RS232 cable from the PC to the flowmeter.

3. Open the D-Link utility .

If a Communication Failed dialogue opens as shown in Figure C.2-A (below), click OK. Make necessary
adjustments according to your PC setup (Figure C.2-B, below) and click OK.

If communications still do not establish check the following and correct any errors:

• D-Link is selected in communication Options Menu

• RS232 cable is connected correctly between the meter and your PC

• No other software program in your PC is using the COM port you selected

FIGURES C.2-A (LEFT) & C.2-B (RIGHT)

69

C.3 Monitoring Data Logs

Once communications between the PC and the meter establish, the program opens as shown in
Figure C.3-A (below). Click the arrow below Get Log, and select the log file you want to check. Click Get
Log. The log information downloads and displays as seen in Figure C.3-B (page 71). Log information can
be downloaded from the meter when the log is still running, so you can monitor the flow data without
stopping the log. Refer to Section 3.16 (page 28) for instructions on setting up the data logger .

FIGURE C.3-A: SELECTING A LOG TO DOWNLOAD

70

.....Monitoring data logs

FIGURE C.3-B: DISPLAYED LOG

C.4 Saving & Loading Data Logs

To save the currently displayed data log to a file, go to File and select Save Log. The file can then be
opened in data processing software such as Excel® for Windows®. To load a previously saved log file, go to
File and select Load Log (refer to Figure C.4, page 72).

71

.....Saving & loading data logs

FIGURE C.4

72