Datasheet TPIC46L03DBR, TPIC46L03DB, TPIC46L02DB, TPIC46L01DBLE, TPIC46L01DB Datasheet (Texas Instruments)

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

1

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

D

6-Channel Serial-in/Parallel-in Low-side
Pre-FET Driver

D

Device Can Be Cascaded

D

Internal 55-V Inductive Load Clamp and
V

GS

Protection Clamp for External Power

FETs

D

Independent Shorted-Load/Short-to-Battery
Fault Detection on All Drain Terminals

D

Independent Off-State Open-Load Fault
Sense

D

Over-Battery-Voltage Lockout Protection
and Fault Reporting

D

Under-Battery-Voltage Lockout Protection
for TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02

D

Asynchronous Open-Drain Fault Flag

D

Device Output Can be Wire-ORed with
Multiple External Devices

D

Fault Status Returned Through Serial
Output Terminal

D

Internal Global Power-on Reset of Device

D

High-Impedance CMOS Compatible Inputs
With Hysteresis

D

TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L03 Disables the
Gate Output When a Shorted-Load Fault
Occurs

D

TPIC46L02 Transitions the Gate Output to a
Low-Duty-Cycle PWM Mode When a
Shorted-Load Fault Occurs

description

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 are low-side predrivers that provide serial input interface and
parallel input interface to control six external field-effect transistor(FET) power switches such as offered in the
TI TPIC family of power arrays. These devices are designed primarily for low-frequency switching, inductive
load applications such as solenoids and relays. Fault status for each channel is available in a serial-data format.
Each driver channel has independent off-state open-load detection and on-state shorted-load/short-to-battery
detection. Battery overvoltage and undervoltage detection and shutdown are provided. Battery and output load
faults provide real-time fault reporting to the controller. Each channel also provides inductive-voltage-transient
protection for the external FET.

These devices provide control of output channels through a serial input interface or a parallel input interface.
A command to enable the output from either interface enables the respective channel GATE output to the
external FET . The serial input interface is recommended when the number of signals between the control device
and the predriver must be minimized, and the speed of operation is not critical. In applications where the
predriver must respond very quickly or asynchronously, the parallel input interface is recommended.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

Copyright  1997, Texas Instruments Incorporated

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28
27
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25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15

FL T

VCOMPEN

VCOMP

IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5

CS

SDO

SDI

SCLK

V

CC

V

BAT

GATE0
DRAIN0
GATE1
DRAIN1
DRAIN2
GATE2
GATE3
DRAIN3
DRAIN4
GATE4
DRAIN5
GATE5
GND

DB PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

For serial operation, the control device must transition CS from high to low to activate the serial input interface.
When this occurs, SDO is enabled, fault data is latched into the serial input interface, and the FLT

flag is

refreshed.
Data is clocked into the serial registers on low-to-high transitions of SCLK through SDI. Each string of data must

consist of 8 bits of data. In applications where multiple devices are cascaded together, the string of data must
consist of 8 bits for each device. A high data bit turns the respective output channel on and a low data bit turns
it off. Fault data for the device is clocked out of SDO as serial input data is clocked into the device. Fault data
consists of fault flags for the over-battery voltage (bit 8), under-battery voltage (bit 7) (not on TPIC46L03) and
shorted/open-load flags (bits 1-6) for each of the six output channels. A logic-high bit in the fault data indicates
a fault and a logic-low bit indicates that no fault is present on that channel. Fault register bits are set or cleared
asynchronously to reflect the current state of the hardware. The fault must be present when CS

is transitioned
from high to low to be captured and reported in the serial fault data. New faults cannot be captured in the serial
register when CS

is low. CS must be transitioned high after all of the serial data has been clocked into the device.

A low-to-high transition of CS

transfers the last six bits of serial data to the output buffer, puts SDO in a
high-impedance state, and clears and re-enables the fault register. The TPIC46L01/L02/L03 was designed to
allow the serial input interfaces of multiple devices to be cascaded together to simplify the serial interface to the
controller. Serial input data flows through the device and is transferred out SDO following the fault data in
cascaded configurations.

For parallel operation, data is asynchronously transferred directly from the parallel input interface (IN0-IN5) to
the respective GA TE output. SCLK or CS

are not required for parallel control. A 1 on the parallel input turns the
respective channel on, where a 0 turns it off. Note that either the serial interface or the parallel interface can
enable a channel. Under parallel operation, fault data must still be collected through the serial data interface.

The predrivers monitor the drain voltage for each channel to detect shorted-load or open-load fault conditions
in the on and off states respectively. These devices offer the option of using an internally generated
fault-reference voltage or an externally supplied VCOMP for fault detection. The internal fault reference is
selected by connecting VCOMPEN

to GND and the external reference is selected by connecting VCOMPEN

to V

CC

. The drain voltage is compared to the fault-reference voltage when the channel is turned on to detect
shorted-load conditions and when the channel is off to detect open-load conditions. When a shorted-load fault
occurs using the TPIC46L01 or TPIC46L03, the channel is turned off and a fault signal is sent to FLT

as well
as to the serial fault-register bit. When a shorted-load fault occurs while using the TPIC46L02, the channel
transitions into a low-duty-cycle, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal as long as the fault is present.
Shorted-load conditions must be present for at least the shorted-load deglitch time, t

(STBDG)

, in order to be

flagged as a fault. A fault signal is sent to FL T

as well as the serial fault register bit. More detail on fault detection

operation is presented in the device operation section of this data sheet.
The TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02 provide protection from over-battery voltage and under-battery voltage

conditions irrespective of the state of the output channels. The TPIC46L03 provides protection from over-battery
voltage conditions irrespective of the state of the output channels When the battery voltage is greater than the
overvoltage threshold or less than the undervoltage threshold (except for the TPIC46L03, which has no
undervoltage threshold), all channels are disabled and a fault signal is sent to FL T

as well as to the respective
fault register bits. The outputs return to normal operation once the battery voltage fault has been corrected.
When an over-battery/under-battery voltage condition occurs, the device reports the battery fault, but disables
fault reporting for open and shorted-load conditions. Fault reporting for open and shorted-load conditions are
re-enabled after the battery fault condition has been corrected.

These devices provide inductive transient protection on all channels. The drain voltage is clamped to protect
the FET . This clamp voltage is defined by the sum of V

C

and turn-on voltage of the external FET . The predriver

also provides a gate-to-source voltage (V

GS

) clamp to protect the GA TE-source terminals of the power FET from

exceeding their rated voltages.
These devices provide pulldown resistors on all inputs except CS

. A pullup resistor is used on CS.

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

3

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

schematic diagram

Parallel Register

PREZ

D

Q

GND

Serial Register

Fault Logic UVLO†OVLO

8

SDO

FLT

8

STB and Open-Load Fault

Protection

OSC

BIAS

V

bg

S

B

A

Gate

Drive Block

DRAIN 0
DRAIN 1
DRAIN 2
DRAIN 3
DRAIN 4
DRAIN 5

GATE 0
GATE 1
GATE 2
GATE 3
GATE 4

GATE 5

OVLO

UVLO

†

2

VCOMPEN

VCOMP

SDI

SCLK

CS

IN 0
IN 1

IN 2
IN 3
IN 4
IN 5

V

BAT

8

V

CC

6

†

UVLO is not in TPIC46L03

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

4

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

I/O

DESCRIPTION

CS 10 I Chip select. A high to low transition on the CS enables SDO, latches fault data into the serial interface, and

refreshes the fault flag. When CS

is high, the fault registers can change fault status. On the falling edge of CS, fault
data is latched into the serial output register and transferred using SDO and SCLK. On a low to high transition of
CS

, serial data is latched in to the output control register.

DRAIN0
DRAIN1
DRAIN2
DRAIN3
DRAIN4
DRAIN5

26
24
23
20
19
17

I FET drain inputs. DRAIN0 through DRAIN5 are used for both open-load and short-circuit fault detection at the drain

of the external FETs. They are also used for inductive transient protection.

FLT 1 O Fault flag. FLT is an open-drain output that provides a real-time fault flag for shorted-load/open-load/over-battery

voltage/under-battery voltage faults. The device can be ORed with FL T

on other devices for interrupt handling. FLT

requires an external pullup resistor.

GATE0
GATE1
GATE2
GATE3
GATE4
GATE5

27
25
22
21
18
16

O Gate drive output. GATE0 through GA TE5 outputs are derived from the V

BAT

supply. Internal clamps prevent the

voltages on these nodes from exceeding the VGS rating on most FETs.

GND 15 I Ground and substrate
IN0

IN1
IN2
IN3
IN4
IN5

4
5
6
7
8
9

I Parallel gate driver inputs. IN0 through IN5 are real-time controls for the gate predrive circuitry. They are CMOS

compatible with hysteresis.

SCLK 13 I Serial clock. SCLK clocks the shift register. Serial data is clocked into SDI and serial fault data is clocked out of

SDO on the falling edge of the serial clock.

SDI 12 I Serial data input. Output control data is clocked into the serial register through SDI. A 1 on SDI commands a

particular gate output on and a 0 turns it off.

SDO 11 O Serial data output. SDO is a 3-state output that transfers fault data to the controling device. It also passes serial

input data to the next stage for cascaded operation. SDO is taken to a high-impedance state when CS

is in a high

state.

V

BAT

28 I Battery supply voltage input

V

CC

14 I Logic supply voltage

VCOMPEN 2 I Fault reference voltage select. VCOMPEN selects the internally generated fault reference voltage (0) or an

external fault reference (1) to be used in the shorted- and open-load fault detection circuitry.

VCOMP 3 I Fault reference voltage. VCOMP provides an external fault reference voltage for the shorted- and open-load fault

detection circuitry.

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

5

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

†

Supply voltage range, V

CC

(see Note 1) –0.3 V to 7 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Battery supply voltage range, V

BAT

–0.3 V to 60 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Input voltage range,V

I

(at any input) –0.3 V to 7 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output voltage range, V

O

(SDO and FLT) –0.3 V to 7 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drain-to-source input voltage, V

DS

–0.3 V to 60 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Output voltage, V

O

–0.3 V to 15 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating case temperature range, T

C

–40°C to + 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Thermal resistance, junction to ambient, R

θJA

112°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating virtual junction temperature range, T

J

150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T

stg

–40°C to + 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

NOTE 1: All voltage values are with respect to GND.

recommended operating conditions

MIN NOM MAX UNIT

Logic supply voltage, V

CC

4.5 5.0 5.5 V

Battery supply voltage, V

BAT

8 24 V

High-level input voltage, V

IH

0.85 V

CC

V

CC

V

Low-level input voltage, V

IL

0 0.15 V

CC

V
Setup time, SDI high before SCLK rising edge, tsu (see Figure 5) 10 ns
Hold time, SDI high after SCLK rising edge, th (see Figure 5) 10 ns
Case temperature, T

C

–40 125 °C

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

6

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless
otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

I

BAT

Supply current, V

BAT

All outputs off, V

BAT

= 12 V 300 500 700 µA

I

CC

Supply current, V

CC

All outputs off, V

BAT

= 5.5 V 1 2.6 4.2 mA

V

(turnon)

Turn-on voltage, logic operational, V

CC

V

BAT

= 5.5 V,

Check output functionality

2.6 3.5 4.4 V

V

(ovsd)

Over-battery-voltage shutdown

32 34 36 V

V

hys(ov)

Over-battery-voltage reset hysteresis

Gate disabled

,

See Figure 16

0.5 1 1.5 V

V

(uvsd)

Under-battery-voltage shutdown,
(TPIC46L01, L02 only)

4.1 4.8 5.4 V

V

hys(uv)

Under-battery-voltage reset hysteresis,
(TPIC46L01, L02 only)

Gate disabled

,

See Figure 17

100 200 300 mV

8 V < V

BAT

< 24, IO = 100 µA 7 13.5 V

VGGate drive voltage

5.5 V < V

BAT

< 8 V, IO = 100 µA 5 7 V

I

O(H)

Maximum current output for drive terminals,
pullup

V

OUT

= GND 0.5 1.2 2.5 mA

I

O(L)

Maximum current output for drive terminals,
pulldown

V

OUT

= 7 V 0.5 1.2 2.5 mA

V

(stb)

Short-to-battery/shorted-load/open-load
detection voltage

VCOMPEN = L 1.1 1.25 1.4 V

V

hys(stb)

Short-to-battery hysteresis 40 100 150 mV

V

D(open)

Open-load off-state detection drain voltage
threshold

VCOMPEN = L 1.1 1.25 1.4 V

V

hys(open)

Open-load hysteresis 40 100 150 mV

I

I(open)

Open-load off-state detection current 30 60 80 µA

I

I(PU)

Input pullup current (CS) VCC = 5 V, VIN = 0 10 µA

I

I(PD)

Input pulldown current VCC = 5 V, VIN = 5 V 10 µA

V

I(hys)

Input voltage hysteresis VCC = 5 V 0.6 0.85 1.1 V

V

O(SH)

High-level serial output voltage IO = 1 mA 0.8 V

CC

V

V

O(SL)

Low-level serial output voltage IO = 1 mA 0.1 0.4 V

I

OZ(SD)

3-state current serial-data output VCC = 0 to 5.5 V -10 1 10 µA

V

O(CFLT)

Fault-interrupt output voltage IO = 1 mA 0.1 0.5 V

V

I(COMP)

Fault-external reference voltage VCOMPEN = H 1 3 V

V

C

Output clamp voltage, (TPIC46L01, L02 only) dc < 1%, tw = 100 µs 47 55 63 V

V

C

Output clamp voltage, (TPIC46L03 only) dc < 1%, tw = 100 µs 47 60 V

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

7

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

switching characteristics, V

CC

= 5 V, V

BAT

= 12 V, T

C

= 25°C

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

t

(STBFM)

Mask time, short-to-battery/shorted-load/open­load fault

See Figures 14 and 15 60 µs

t

(STBDG)

Deglitch time, short-to-battery/shorted-load See Figure 14 8 µs

t

PLH

Propagation turn-on delay time, CS or IN0-IN5
to GATE0-GATE5

C

(gate)

= 400 pF, See Figure 1 4 µs

t

PHL

Propagation turn-off delay time, CS or IN0-IN5
to GATE0-GATE5

C

(gate)

= 400 pF, See Figure 2 3.5 µs

t

r1

Rise time, GATE0–GATE5 C

(gate)

= 400 pF, See Figure 3 3.5 µs

t

f1

Fall time, GATE0–GATE5 C

(gate)

= 400 pF, See Figure 4 3 µs

f

(SCLK)

Serial clock frequency 10 MHz

t

rf(SB)

Refresh time, short-to-battery TPIC46L02 only, See Figure 14 10 ms

t

w

Short-to-battery refresh pulse width TPIC46L02 only, See Figure 14 68 µs

t

d1

Setup time, CS↓ to ↑SCLK See Figure 5 10 ns

t

pd1

Propagation delay time, CS↓ to SDI valid

RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 6

CL = 200 pF,

40 ns

t

pd2

Propagation delay time, SCLK↓ to SDI valid See Figure 6 20 ns

t

pd3

Propagation delay time, CS↑ to SDO 3-state

RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 7

CL = 50 pF,

2 µs

t

r2

Rise time, SDO 3-state to SDO valid

RL = 10 kΩ to GND,
CL = 200 pF,

Over-battery fault,
See Figure 8

30 ns

t

f2

Fall time, SDO 3-state to SDO valid

RL = 10 kΩ to VCC,
CL = 200 pF,

No faults,
See Figure 9

20 ns

t

r3

Rise time, FLT

RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 10

CL = 50 pF,

1.2 µs

t

f3

Fall time, FLT

RL = 10 kΩ,
See Figure 11

CL = 50 pF,

15 ns

Figure 1

t

PLH

50%

90%

CS

or IN0–IN5

GATE0–GATE5

Figure 2

t

PHL

50%

50%

10%

CS

GATE0–GATE5

IN0–IN5

Figure 3

90%

10%

t

r1

GATE0–GATE5

Figure 4

GATE0–GATE5

t

f1

90%

10%

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

8

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Figure 5

t

d1

SCLK

CS

SDI

t

h

t

su

Figure 6

t

pd2

SCLK

CS

SDI

t

pd1

3-STATE

Figure 7

t

pd3

CS

SDO

50%

3-STATE

Figure 8

3-STATE

90%
10%

t

r2

SDO

Figure 9

3-STATE

90%
10%

t

f2

SDO

Figure 10

FLT

t

r3

90%

10%

90%

10%

t

f3

Figure 11

FLT

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

9

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

serial data operation

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 offer serial input interfaces to the microcontroller to transfer
control data to the predriver and output fault data back to the controller. The serial input interface consists of:

• SCLK – Serial clock

• CS – Chip select

• SDI – Serial data input

• SDO – Serial data output

Serial data is shifted into the least significant bit (LSB) of the SDI shift register on the rising edge of the first SCLK
after CS

has transitioned from 1 to 0. Eight clock cycles are required to shift the first bit from the LSB to the most
significant bit (MSB) of the shift register. Less than eight clock cycles result in fault data being latched into the
output control buffer . The first two bits are unused and the last six bits are the output control data. A low-to-high
transition on CS

latches the contents of the serial shift register into the output control register. A 0 input to SDI

turns the corresponding parallel output off and a 1 turns the output on (see Figure 12).

Don’t Care

12345678

GATE5 OFF
GATE4 ON
GATE3 ON
GATE2 OFF
GATE1 OFF
GATE0 ON

Present Output Data New Data

SCLK

CS

SDI

New Data

Output Control

Register Data

Figure 12

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

10

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

serial data operation (continued)

Data is shifted out of SDO on the falling edge of SCLK. The MSB of fault data is available when CS is transitioned
low. The remaining 7 bits of fault data are shifted out on the following seven clock cycles. Fault data is latched
into the serial register when CS

is transitioned low. Fault data must be present on the high-to-low transition of

CS

to be captured by the device. The CS input must be transitioned to a high state after the last bit of serial data

has been clocked into the device. CS

puts SDO in a high-impedance state, inhibits SDI, latches the 6 bits of
serial data into the output control register, and clears and re-enables the serial fault registers (see Figure 13).
When a shorted-load condition occurs with the TPIC46L01 or TPIC46L03, the controller must disable and
re-enable the channel to clear the fault register and fault flag. The TPIC46L02 automatically retries the output
and FLT

clears after the fault condition has been corrected.

12345678

OV Over-Battery-Voltage Fault Bit
UV Under-Battery-Voltage Fault Bit
FLT5 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 5
FLT4 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 4
FLT3 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 3
FLT2 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 2
FLT1 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 1
FLT0 Shorted- or Open-Load Fault on Channel 0
N/A Unknown Data

SCLK

CS

SDO 3-State UV FLT5 FLT4 FLT3 FLT2 FLT1 FLT0 N/A

O V

bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1

bit8

Figure 13

parallel input data operation

In addition to the serial input interface, the TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02 also provides a parallel input interface
to the microcontroller. The output turns on if either the parallel or the serial interface commands it to turn on.
The parallel data pins are real-time control inputs for the output drivers. SCLK and CS

are not required to transfer
parallel input data to the output buffer . Fault data must be read over the serial data bus as described in the serial
data operation section of this data sheet. The parallel input must be transitioned low and then high to clear and
re-enable a gate output that has been disabled due to a shorted-load fault condition.

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

11

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

chipset performance under fault conditions

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03, and power FET array’s are designed for normal operation over a
battery-voltage range of 8 V to 24 V with load fault detection from 4.8 V to 34 V . The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02,
and TPIC46L03 offer on-board fault detection to handle a variety of faults that may occur within a system. The
circuits primary function is to prevent damage to the load and the power FETs in the event that a fault occurs.
Unused DRAIN0–DRAIN5 inputs must be connected to V

BAT

through a pullup resistor to prevent false reporting
of open-load fault conditions. This circuitry detects the fault, shuts off the output to the FET , and reports the fault
to the microcontroller. The primary faults under consideration are:

1. Shorted-load

2. Open-load

3. Over-battery voltage shutdown

4. Under-battery voltage shutdown

NOTE:

On the

TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02, an undervoltage fault may be detected when V

CC

and V

BAT

are
applied to the device. The controller should initialize the fault register after power up to clear any
false fault reports.

shorted–load fault condition

The TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02 monitor the drain voltage of each channel to detect shorted-load conditions.
The on-board deglitch timer starts running when the gate output to the power FET transitions from the off state
to the on state. The timer provides a 60-µs deglitch time, t

(STBFM)

, to allow the drain voltage to stabilize after
the power FET has been turned on. The deglitch time is only enabled for the first 60 µs after the FET has been
turned on. After the deglitch delay time, the drain voltage is checked to verify that it is less than the fault reference
voltage. When it is greater than the reference voltage for at least the short-to-battery deglitch time, t

(STBDG)

, then

FLT

flags the microcontroller that a fault condition exists and the gate output is automatically shut off

(TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L03) until the error condition has been corrected.
An overheating condition on the FET occurs when the controller continually tries to re-enable the output under

shorted-load fault conditions. When a shorted-load fault is detected while using the TPIC46L02, the gate output
is transitioned into a low-duty-cycle PWM signal to protect the FET from overheating. The PWM rate is defined
as t

(SB)

and the pulse with is defined as tw. It remains in this low-duty-cycle pulse state until the fault has been

corrected or until the controller disables the gate output.
The microcontroller can read the serial port on the predriver to isolate which channel reported the fault condition.

Fault bits 0–5 distinguish faults for each of the output channels. When a shorted-load condition occurs with the
TPIC46L01, the controller must disable and re-enable the channel to clear the fault register and fault flag. The
TPIC46L02 automatically retries the output and the fault clears after the fault condition has been corrected.
Figure 14 illustrates operation after a gate output has been turned on. The gate to the power FET is turned on
and the deglitch timer starts running. Under normal operation T1 turns on and the drain operates below the
reference point set at U1. The output of U1 is low and a fault condition is not flagged.

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

12

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

t

(STBFM)

Glitches

Glitches

t

w

t

(SB)

GATE0–
GATE5

Input

DRAIN0–
DRAIN5

FLT

NORMAL

SHORTED-LOAD TPIC46L02

_

+

N-Channel

Load

V

BAT

T1

External TPIC46L01/L02

1.25 V

Deglitch

FLT

Input From

TPIC46L01/L02

GATE0–
GATE5

Glitches

Input

DRAIN0–
DRAIN5

FLT

GATE0–
GATE5

Input

DRAIN0–
DRAIN5

FLT

GATE0–
GATE5

SHORTED-LOAD TPIC46L01 AND TPIC46L03

Figure 14

U1

t

(STBDG)

t

(STBFM)

t

(STBFM)

t

(STBDG)

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

13

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

open load

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 monitor the drain of each power FET for open-circuit conditions
that may exist. The 60-µA current source is provided to monitor open-load fault conditions. Open-load faults are
detected when the power FET is turned off. When load impedance is open or substantially high, then the 60-µA
current source has adequate drive to pull the drain of T1 below the fault reference threshold on the detection
circuit. Unused DRAIN0–DRAIN5 inputs must be connected to V

BAT

through a pullup resistor to prevent false
reporting of open-load fault conditions. The on-board deglitch timer starts running when the TPIC46L01,
TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 gate output to the power FET transitions to the off state. The timer provides a 60-µs
deglitch time, t

(STBFM)

, to allow the drain voltage to stabilize after the power FET has been turned off. The
deglitch time is only enabled for the first 60 µs after the FET has been turned off. After the deglitch delay time,
the drain is checked to verify that it is greater than the fault reference voltage. When it is less than the reference
voltage, a fault is flagged to the microcontroller through FLT

that an open-load fault condition exists. The
microcontroller can then read the serial port on the TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 to isolate which
channel reported the fault condition. Fault bits 0–5 distinguish faults for each of the output channels. Figure 15
illustrates the operation of the open-load detection circuit. This feature provides useful information to the
microcontroller to isolate system failures and warn the operator that a problem exists. Examples of such
applications would be warning that a light bulb filament may be open, solenoid coils may be open, etc.

NORMAL

_

+

N-Channel

Load

V

BAT

T1

External TPIC46L01/L02/L03

1.25 V

Deglitch

FLT

Input From

TPIC46L01/L02/L03

60 µA

U1

t

(STBFM)

Glitches

Input

DRAIN0–
DRAIN5

FLT

OPEN-LOAD

NORMAL

GATE0–
GATE5

Input

DRAIN0–
DRAIN5

FLT

GATE0–
GATE5

t

(STBFM)

Figure 15

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

14

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

over-battery-voltage shutdown

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 monitor the battery voltage to prevent the power FET s from being
turned on in the event that the battery voltage is too high. This condition may occur due to voltage transients
resulting from a loose battery connection. The TPIC46L01/L02/L03 turns the power FETs off when the battery
voltage is above 34 volts, to prevent possible damage to the load and the FETs. The gate output goes back to
normal operation after the overvoltage condition has been corrected. An over-battery-voltage fault is flagged
to the controller through the fault flag. Bit 8 of the serial-data fault word is set whenever an over-battery voltage
condition is present. When an overvoltage condition occurs the device reports the battery fault, but disables fault
reporting for open and shorted-load conditions. Fault reporting for open and shorted-load conditions re-enables
after the battery-fault condition has been corrected. When the fault condition is removed before the CS

signal

transitions low, then the fault condition is not captured in the serial fault register. FLT

resets on the high-to-low

transition of CS

provided no other faults are present in the device. Figure 16 illustrates the operation of the

over-battery voltage-detection circuit.

_

+

V

BAT

34 V

34 V

33 V12 V

V

BAT

GATE0–GATE5

Output Disable

Figure 16

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

15

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

under-battery-voltage shutdown (TPIC46L01, and TPIC46L02 only)

The TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02 monitor the battery voltage to prevent the power FETs from being turned on
in the event that the battery voltage is too low. When the battery voltage is below 4.8 volts, then GA TE0–GA TE5
outputs may not provide sufficient gate voltage to the power FET s to minimize the on-resistance that could result
in a thermal stress on the FET . The output resumes normal operation after the under-voltage condition has been
corrected. An under-battery voltage fault flags the controller through the fault flag. Bit 7 of the serial-data fault
word is set whenever an under-battery voltage condition is present. When an under-battery voltage condition
occurs the device reports the battery fault, but disables fault reporting for open- and shorted-load conditions.
When the fault condition is removed before CS

signal transitions low, the fault condition is not captured in the

serial fault register. FLT

resets on the high-to-low transition of CS provided no other faults are present in the

device. Figure 17 illustrates the operation of the under-battery voltage-detection circuit.

_
+

V

BAT

4.8 V

4.8 V

5 V

12 V

V

BAT

GATE0–GATE5

Output Disable

U1

Figure 17

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

16

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

Inductive voltage transients

A typical application for the predriver/power FET circuit is to switch inductive loads. When an inductive load is
switched off, a large voltage spike can occur . These spikes can exceed the maximum V

DS

rating for the external
FET and damage the device when proper protection is not in place. The FET can be protected from these
transients through a variety of methods using external components. The TPIC46L01 and TPIC46L02 offer that
protection in the form of a zener diode stack connected between the drain input and GA TE output (see Figure

18). Zener diode (Z1) turns the FET on to dissipate the transient energy . GA TE diode (Z2) is provided to prevent
the gate voltage from exceeding 13 volts during normal operation and transient protection.

DRAIN

GATE

LOAD

55 V

Z1

Z2

13 V

Power FET

V

BAT

TPIC46L01/02 External

Figure 18

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03

6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

17

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

external fault reference input

The TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, and TPIC46L03 compare each channel drain voltage to a fault reference to detect
shorted-load and open-load conditions. The user has the option of using the internally generated 1.25-V fault
reference or providing an external reference voltage through VCOMP . The internal reference voltage is selected
by connecting VCOMPEN to GND and VCOMP is selected by connecting VCOMPEN

to V

CC

(see Figure 19).

Proper layout techniques should be used in the grounding network for the VCOMP

circuit and the

TPIC46L01/L02/L03. The ground for the predriver and the VCOMP

network should be connected to a Kelvin

ground if available; otherwise, a single point connection should be maintained to the power ground of the FET
array. Improper grounding techniques may result in inaccuracies in detecting faults.

_

+

_

+

U1

A
M
U
X

1.25 V

DRAIN5

DRAIN0

VCOMP

VCOMPEN

Deglitch

FLT

External TPIC46L01/L02

VCOMPEN

1.25 V

VCOMP

0
1

Figure 19

TPIC46L01, TPIC46L02, TPIC46L03
6-CHANNEL SERIAL AND PARALLEL LOW-SIDE PRE-FET DRIVER

SLIS055A – NOVEMBER 1996 - REVISED SEPTEMBER 1997

18

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

MECHANICAL DATA

DB (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE

4040065 /C 10/95

28 PIN SHOWN

Gage Plane

8,20
7,40

0,15 NOM

0,63

1,03

0,25

38

12,90

12,30

28

10,50

24

8,50

Seating Plane

9,907,90

30

10,50

9,90

0,38

5,60
5,00

15

0,22

14

A

28

1

2016

6,50

6,50

14

0,05 MIN

5,905,90

DIM

A MAX

A MIN

PINS **

2,00 MAX

6,90

7,50

0,65

M

0,15

0°–8°

0,10

3,30

8

2,70

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-150

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