Texas Instruments TLV431ILP, TLV431ILPR, TLV431IDBV, TLV431CLPR, TLV431CLP Datasheet

TLV431Y

TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JUL Y 1999

D

Low-Voltage Operation . . . Down to 1.24 V

D

1% Reference-V oltage Tolerance (TLV431A)

D

Adjustable Output Voltage, V

D

Low Operational Cathode Current ...80 µA Typ

D

0.25-Ω Typical Output Impedance

D

Package Options Include Plastic Small-Outline

= V

O

(D), SOT-23 (DBV), and Cylindrical (LP)
Packages

description

The TLV431 and TLV431A are low-voltage
three-terminal adjustable voltage references with
specified thermal stability over applicable
industrial and commercial temperature ranges.
Output voltage can be set to any value between
V

(1.24 V) and 6 V with two external resistors

ref

(see Figure 2). The TL V431 and TLV431A operate
from a lower voltage (1.24 V) than the widely used
TL431 and TL1431 shunt-regulator references.

When used with an optocoupler, the TLV431 and
TL V431A are ideal voltage references in isolated
feedback circuits for 3-V to 3.3-V switching-mode
power supplies. These devices have a typical
output impedance of 0.25 Ω. Active output
circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on
characteristic, making the TLV431 and TLV431A
excellent replacements for low-voltage zener
diodes in many applications, including onboard
regulation and adjustable power supplies.

ref

to 6 V

D PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

CATHODE

ANODE
ANODE

NC – No internal connection

NC

NC

CATHODE

NC – No internal connection

1
2
3

NC

4

DBV PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

1

2

3

LP PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

5

4

REF

8

ANODE

7

ANODE

6

NC

5

ANODE

REF

CATHODE
ANODE
REF

The TLV431C and TLV431AC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The TLV431I and
TLV431AI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C.

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

T

A

0°C to 70°C

–40°C to 85°C

The LP package is available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to the device type
(e.g., TLV431ACLPR). The D and DBV are available only taped and reeled (e.g.,
TLV431IOR). Chip forms are tested at 25°C.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

TO-92

(LP)

TLV431CLP

TLV431ACLP

TLV431ILP

TLV431AILP

PACKAGED DEVICES

SOIC

(D)

—
—

TLV431ID

TLV431AID

TLV431CDBV

TLV431ACDBV

TLV431AIDBV

SOT-23

(DBV)

TLV431IDBV

CHIP

FORM

(Y)

Copyright  1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

1

TLV431, TLV431A
LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

logic symbol

REF

ANODE CATHODE

logic diagram (positive logic)

CATHODE

equivalent schematic

REF

V

REF

ref

+

–

= 1.24 V

ANODE

CATHODE

ANODE

2

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

Operating free-air temperature range, T

°C

TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

Cathode voltage, VKA (see Note 1) 7 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Continuous cathode current range, IK –20 mA to 20 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reference current range, I
Package thermal impedance, θ

–0.05 mA to 3 mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ref

(see Notes 2 and 3): D package 97°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

JA

DBV package 347°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LP package 156°C/W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storage temperature range, T

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

NOTES: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted.

2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max),
ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/

3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51, except for through-hole packages, which use a trace
length of zero.

–65°C to 150°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

stg

θ

, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable

θ

JA

JA

. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can impact reliability.

recommended operating conditions

MIN MAX UNIT

Cathode voltage, V
Cathode current, I

p

KA

K

p

A

TLV431C, TLV431AC 0 70
TLV431I, TLV431AI –40 85

V

ref

0.1 15 mA

6 V

°

†

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

3

TLV431, TLV431A

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

TLV431C TLV431I

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

TA = 25°C 1.222 1.24 1.258 1.222 1.24 1.258

V

ref

V

ref(dev)

∆V

ref

∆

V

KA

I

ref

I

ref(dev)

I

K(min)

I

K(off)

Ť

z

KA

NOTES: 4. Full range is –40°C to 85°C for the TLV431I, and 0°C to 70°C for the TLV431C.

Reference voltage

V

deviation

ref

over full temperature range
(see Note 5)

Ratio of V
in cathode voltage change

Reference terminal current
I

deviation

ref

over full temperature range
(see Note 5)

Minimum cathode current
for regulation

Off-state cathode current

Dynamic impedance

Ť

(see Note 6)

5. The deviation parameters V
over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage,

as:

Ť

a

where:
∆TA is the rated operating temperature range of the device.

change

ref

ppm

ǒ

Ť

V

°C

ref

ǒ

V

Ǔ

+

VKA = V
IK = 10 mA

VKA = V
(see Note 4 and Figure 1)

IK = 10 mA,
(see Figure 2)

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open
(see Figure 2)

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open
(see Note 4 and Figure 2)

VKA = V
VKA = 6 V,

(see Figure 3)
VKA = V

IK = 0.1 mA to 15 mA
(see Figure 1)

ref(dev)

V

)

ref(dev

Ǔ

at 25°C

ref

D

T

A

and I

10

6

,

ref

TA = full range
(see Note 4 and
Figure 1)

, IK = 10 mA,

ref

VKA = V

(see Figure 1) 55 80 55 80 µA

ref

V

ref

, f ≤ 1 kHz,

ref

are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained

ref(dev)

= 0

ref

to 6 V,

1.21 1.27 1.202 1.278

4 12 6 20 mV

–1.5 –2.7 –1.5 –2.7 mV/V

0.15 0.5 0.15 0.5 µA

0.05 0.3 0.1 0.4 µA

0.001 0.1 0.001 0.1 µA

0.25 0.4 0.25 0.4 Ω

a

V

ref

V

, is defined

4

can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V

a

V

ref

temperature.

D

V

6. The dynamic impedance is defined as:
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:

D

KA

V

Ť

+

D

I

[Ťz

KA

Ť

Ť

z

ǒ1

)

R1
R2

Ť

z

KA

Ǔ

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

KA

Ť

+

D

I

KA

or maximum V

ref

, respectively, occurs at the lower

ref

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)123

TLV431AC TLV431AI

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

TA = 25°C 1.228 1.24 1.252 1.228 1.24 1.252

V

ref

V

ref(dev)

∆V

ref

∆

V

KA

I

ref

I

ref(dev)

I

K(min)

I

K(off)

Ť

z

KA

NOTES: 4. Full range is –40°C to 85°C for the TLV431I, and 0°C to 70°C for the TLV431C.

Reference voltage

V

deviation

ref

over full temperature range
(see Note 5)

Ratio of V
in cathode voltage change

Reference terminal current
I

deviation

ref

over full temperature range
(see Note 5)

Minimum cathode current
for regulation

Off-state cathode current

Dynamic impedance

Ť

(see Note 6)

5. The deviation parameters V
over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage,

as:

Ť

a

V

ref

where:
∆TA is the rated operating temperature range of the device.

Ť

ǒ

ppm

°C

change

ref

Ǔ

+

V

ref(dev

ǒ

V

at 25°C

ref

VKA = V
IK = 10 mA,

VKA = V
(see Note 4 and Figure 1)

IK = 10 mA,
(see Figure 2)

IK = 10 mA,
(see Figure 2)

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open
(see Note 4 and Figure 2)

VKA = V
VKA = 6 V,

(see Figure 3)
VKA = V

IK = 0.1 mA to 15 mA
(see Figure 1)

ref(dev)

)

Ǔ

10

D

T

A

and I

6

,

ref

TA = full range,
(see Note 4 and
Figure 1)

, IK = 10 mA

ref

VKA = V

R1 = 10 kΩ 0.15 0.5 0.15 0.5 µA

(see Figure 1) 55 80 55 80 µA

ref

V

ref

, f ≤ 1 kHz,

ref

are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained

ref(dev)

= 0,

ref

to 6 V

1.221 1.259 1.215 1.265

4 12 6 20 mV

–1.5 –2.7 –1.5 –2.7

0.05 0.3 0.1 0.4 µA

0.001 0.1 0.001 0.1 µA

0.25 0.4 0.25 0.4 Ω

a

V

ref

V

mV/V

, is defined

can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V

a

V

ref

temperature.

D

V

6. The dynamic impedance is defined as:
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:

D

KA

V

Ť

+

D

I

[Ťz

KA

Ť

ǒ1

Ť

z

)

R1
R2

Ť

z

KA

Ǔ

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

KA

Ť

+

D

I

KA

or maximum V

ref

, respectively, occurs at the lower

ref

5

TLV431, TLV431A

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

UNIT

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

electrical characteristics at 25°C free-air temperature12345

V

ref

∆V

ref

∆

V

KA

I

ref

I

K(min)

I

off

Ť

z

KA

NOTE 6: The dynamic impedance is defined as: Ťz

Reference voltage VKA = V
Ratio of V

in cathode voltage change
Reference terminal current IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open (see Figure 2) 0.15 µA
Minimum cathode current

for regulation
Off-state cathode current VKA = 6 V, V
Dynamic impedance

Ť

(see Note 6)

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 2), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:

Ť

z

KA

Ť

+

change

ref

D

V

D

I

[Ťz

KA

Ť

ǒ1

IK = 10 mA, ∆VKA = V

VKA = V

VKA = V
(see Figure 1)

R1

Ǔ

)

R2

, IK = 10 mA (see Figure 1) TA = 25°C 1.24 V

ref

to 6 V (see Figure 2) –1.5

ref

ref

, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK = 0.1 mA to 15 mA

ref

D

V

Ť

+

KA

D

I

(see Figure 1) 55 µA

= 0 (see Figure 3) 0.001 µA

ref

KA

KA

TLV431Y

MIN TYP MAX

mV/V

0.25 Ω

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

Input

I

V

ref

Figure 1. Test Circuit for V

V

= V

O

KA

= V

ref

V

O

K

= V

KA

Input

ref

,

I

Figure 2. Test Circuit for V

V

O

V

O

K(off)

= V

KA

Input

R1

R2

= V

I

ref

V

ref

× (1 + R1/R2) + I

ref

KA

I

K

> V

ref

V

O

ref

× R1

,

6

Figure 3. Test Circuit for I

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K(off)

TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

REFERENCE VOLTAGE

vs

JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

1.254
IK = 10 mA

1.252

1.250

1.248

1.246

1.244

– Reference Voltage – V

ref

1.242

V

1.240

1.238

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

Figure 4

†

REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT

vs

JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

250

IK = 10 mA
R1 = 10 kΩ
R2 = Open

200

150

100

– Reference Input Current – nA

ref

I

50

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

Figure 5

CATHODE CURRENT

vs

CATHODE VOLTAGE

15

VKA = V
TA = 25°C

10

5

0

–5

– Cathode Current – mA

K

I

–10

–15

–1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

ref

VKA – Cathode Voltage – V

Figure 6

CATHODE CURRENT

vs

CATHODE VOLTAGE

250

VKA = V
TA = 25°C

200

150

Aµ

100

50

0

–50

–100

– Cathode Current –

K

I

–150
–200
–250

–1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

ref

VKA – Cathode Voltage – V

Figure 7

†

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied.

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7

TLV431, TLV431A
LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT

vs

JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

40

VKA = 5 V
V

= 0

ref

30

20

– Off-State Cathode Current – nA

10

K(off)

I

0

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125

TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

Figure 8

–0.1

–0.2

–0.3

–0.4

–0.5

– Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage

–0.6

KA

V

to Delta Cathode Voltage – mV/V

∆

/

–0.7

ref

V

∆

–0.8

†

RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE

TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE

vs

JUNCTION TEMPERATURE

0

IK = 10 mA
∆VKA = V

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150

to 6 V

ref

TJ – Junction Temperature – °C

Figure 9

PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN V

vs

OPERATING LIFE AT 55°C

0.025
IK = 1 mA

0

ref

V

– 0.025

% Change (3δ)

– 0.05

– 0.075

Percentage Change in Vref – %

– 0.1

% Change (–3δ)

– 0.125

‡

Extrapolated from life-test data taken at 125°C; the activation energy assumed is 0.7 eV.

0102030405060

Operating Life at 55°C – kh

% Change (avg)

Figure 10

ref

‡

†

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied.

8

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TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

vs

nV/ Hz

350

300

250

200

VKA = V
IK = 1 mA
TA = 25°C

FREQUENCY

ref

470 µF

TLV431

or

TLV431A

3 V

1 kΩ

+

750 Ω

2200 µF

+

820 Ω

160 Ω

TLE2027

+
_

160 kΩ

TP

– Equivalent Input Noise Voltage –

n

V

150

10 100 1 k

TEST CIRCUIT FOR EQUIVALENT NOISE VOLTAGE

10 k 100 k

f– Frequency – Hz

Figure 11

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9

TLV431, TLV431A
LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD

10

Vµ

– Equivalent Input Noise Voltage –

n

V

f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz

8

IK = 1 mA
TA = 25°C

6

4
2

0

–2
–4
–6

–8

470 µF

TLV431

TLV431A

–10

0246

t – Time – s

3 V

1 kΩ

+

750 Ω

or

2200 µF

+

820 Ω

16 Ω

TEST CIRCUIT FOR 0.1-Hz TO 10-Hz EQUIVALENT NOISE VOLTAGE

TLE2027

+
_

160 kΩ

0.1 µF

10 kΩ

810

0.47 µF

10 kΩ

1 µF

33 kΩ

TLE2027

+
_

33 kΩ

2.2 µF

+

TP

CRO

1 MΩ

Figure 12

10

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TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN

/PHASE MARGIN

vs

80

70

60
50

40

30
20

FREQUENCY

IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C

0°

36°
72°

108°
144°
180°

Phase Shift

10 µF

6.8 kΩ

4.3 kΩ

Output

I

K

180 Ω

5 V

10

0

–10

– Small-Signal Voltage Gain/Phase Margin – dB

V

–20

A

1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M100

f – Frequency – Hz

REFERENCE IMPEDANCE

FREQUENCY

100

IK = 0.1 mA to 15 mA
TA = 25°C

10

1

vs

Figure 13

GND

TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE GAIN AND PHASE MARGIN

100 Ω

Output

I

K

100 Ω

+

– Reference Impedance –

0.1

ka

|z | Ω

0.01
1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M 10 M

f – Frequency – Hz

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

–

GND

TEST CIRCUIT FOR REFERENCE IMPEDANCE

Figure 14

11

TLV431, TLV431A
LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

Input and Output Voltage – V

0

–0.5

3.5

3

2.5

PULSE RESPONSE 1

Input

Output

01234

t – Time – µs

PULSE RESPONSE 2

Input

R = 18 kΩ
TA = 25°C

5678

Figure 15

R = 1.8 kΩ
TA = 25°C

18 kΩ

Pulse

Generator

f = 100 kHz

TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 1

50 Ω

1.8 kΩ

Output

I

k

GND

Output

2

1.5

1

0.5

Input and Output Voltage – V

0

–0.5

Output

01234

t – Time – µs

5678

Figure 16

I

K

Pulse

Generator

f = 100 kHz

TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 2

50 Ω

GND

12

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TLV431, TLV431A

LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITION

16

TA = 25°C

14

12

10

Stable

8

6

– Cathode Current – mA

K

4

I

2

0

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

150 Ω

I

K

+

C

L

–

VKA = V

VKA = 2 V

VKA = 3 V

CL – Load Capacitance – µF

V

bat

IK = 15 mA MAX

ref

C

L

Stable

R1 = 10 kΩ

‡

R2

†

150 Ω

I

K

+

V

bat

–

TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = V

‡

The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For VKA = 2-V and 3-V curves, R2 and V
adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IK conditions with CL = 0. V

ref

TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = 2 V, 3 V

and CL then were adjusted to determine the ranges of stability.

bat

bat

Figure 17

†

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied.

were

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

13

TLV431, TLV431A
LOW-VOLTAGE ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATORS

SLVS139C – JULY 1996 – REVISED JULY 1999

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Figure 18 shows the TL V431 or TLV431A used in a 3.3-V isolated flyback supply. Output voltage V
as reference voltage V

(1.24 V ±1%). The output of the regulator, plus the forward voltage drop of the optocoupler

ref

can be as low

O

LED (1.24 + 1.4 = 2.64 V), determine the minimum voltage that can be regulated in an isolated supply configuration.
Regulated voltage as low as 2.7 Vdc is possible using the circuit in Figure 18.

∼

V

120 V

I

–

P

Gate Drive

Controller

Current

GND

∼

V

CC

V

FB

Sense

+

V

O

P

P

TLV431

or

TLV431A

3.3 V

P

PP

P

Figure 18. Flyback With Isolation Using TLV431 or TLV431A as Voltage Reference and Error Amplifier

14

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