9.BATTERY LIFE CALCULATION …………………………………………………………...19
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1SCOPE
This document describes the implementation of the FCC compliant Vehicle Transponder for the ARC
customer identification system. The scope of this document includes the performance requirements
for the U.S. vehicle transponder and the interface definition between the transponder and other major
assemblies in the ARC system.
If anything in this document is ambiguous or incorrect, it should be immediately reported to the
Project Managers for the ARC Team, and corrected. The document should then be approved by all
the concerned individuals on the cover page and redistributed to all parties involved.
1.2APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
The hierarchy of documentation pertaining to the ARC system is depicted below. As this table
appears in each of the documents, it is important that revisions to any document in the family be
reflected in this table.
Document
Number
TIRIS2001Mobil Speedpass System Customer Requirements Product Specification
06-01-02-700 ARC System Specification for Retail Fueling Applications
11-09-05-702 ARC Digital Control Board Hardware Specification - RI-CTL-DCUA
11-09-05-703 ARC UHF Receiver Daughter-Board Specification (US) - RI-RFM-HRUA
11-09-05-700 Hardware Specification for LUHF Vehicle Transponder (U.S.)
11-09-05-701 Software Specification for LUHF Vehicle Transponder (U.S.)
11-09-05-704 ARC LUHF Vehicle Transponder Programmer Specification
ARC System Qualification Test Procedure & Manufacturing / QA/QC Procedures per TQM
Standards.
FCC Part 15, Class B
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1.3DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS
ARCAutomatic Recognition of Consumers
ASKAmplitude Shift Keying
DCBDigital Control Board
DSTDigital Signature Transponder
ESElectrostatic
ETSIEuropean Telecommunication Standards Institute
FCCFederal Communications Commission
FSKFrequency Shift Keying
IPCInterconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits
LFLow Frequency
MTBFMean Time Between Failure
PLLPhase Locked Loop
POSPoint of Sale
UHFUltra High Frequency
UplinkRF Data Transmission from the Transponder to the Reader
DownlinkRF Data Transmission from the Reader to the Transponder
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2.FUNCTIONAL AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
The ARC system, when installed in a fuel dispenser which offers pay-at-the-pump functionality,
provides hands-free identification of a customer and/or the customer’s vehicle. The system offers
pay-at-the-pump convenience, without requiring the insertion of a credit card or any keypad entries.
The U.S. Vehicle Transponder is the component of the system placed in the customer's vehicle. When
activated by a ARC dispenser, the transponder provides identification and authentication data via a
radio frequency link to the dispenser. An overview of the complete ARC system is provided in the
ARC System Specification, 06-01-02-700.
2.1SYSTEM OVERVIEW
An overview of the U.S. vehicle transponder is depicted in Figure 2-1 below. The major functional
blocks of the transponder are the downlink network, the processor, and the uplink network.
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Digital
Controller
Board
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LF
Downlink
Downlink
Network
Data Processing
and Storage
UHF
Uplink
Uplink
Network
LUHF Vehicle Transponder
Figure 2-1. U.S. Vehicle Transponder Block Diagram.
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3.PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Top-level customer specific system performance requirements are defined in the applicable Customer
Requirements Product Specifications detailed in Section 1.2. This section augments and clarifies
those requirements pertaining to the vehicle transponder, as appropriate.
3.1PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.1.1Dimensions
The transponder shall be fully contained within a 58.mm x 44.5mm x 24.mm space. The maximum
dimensions of the transponder shall not exceed this space in any direction.
3.1.2Weight
The transponder shall weigh no more than 0.5 lbs.
3.1.3Housing
The transponder shall be enclosed in a plastic housing, type PC/ASA.
3.1.4Battery
The transponder housing shall provide access to the replaceable battery. The battery is a coin cell,
type 2032. The chemistry of the battery will be Li-MnO2 or equivalent approved by Texas
Instruments to ensure compliance with this specification.
3.1.5Transponder Mounting
The transponder shall be mounted in the lower middle of the rear window using "hook and loop" or
"ball and cup" fasteners with adhesive attachment to the window and to the transponder.
3.2ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
3.2.1Radio Frequency Characteristics - Downlink
The transponder shall detect and process signals, which consist of the following properties:
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PropertyRequirement
Carrier Frequency134.2 kHz +/- 100 ppm
Activation Field Strength Level (at the
transponder surface)
Max. Operating Field Strength (at the
transponder surface)
ModulationASK
Modulation Depth> 95 %
Data EncodingFM0
Data Rate1 kbps +/- 100 ppm
Duty Cycle of received FM0 signal50 +/- 5%
34 mA/m +/- 7 mA/m, at the optimum transponder
orientation
At a 45° rotation from optimum, an additional 3dB
of field strength is required.
The transponder must be separated from any
metallic material by a minimum of 3 cm.
500 mA/m
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The transponder shall successfully process signals with these properties while in the operating
temperature range specified in section 7.5.
3.2.2Radio Frequency Characteristics - Uplink
The output signals from the transponder shall conform to the following properties:
PropertyRequirement
Virtual Carrier Frequency902.8 MHz
Carrier Frequency Accuracy +/- 100 ppm
Total Radiated Power-20 dBm +/- 3dB
Spurious Emissions-36 dBm maximum (250 nW)
ModulationFSK
Virtual Carrier Frequency Drift within one Transmission10 kHz maximum
Frequency Deviation40 kHz maximum
Digital high level encodingPositive frequency deviation
Digital low level encodingNegative frequency deviation
Data EncodingManchester
Data Rate20 kbps +/- 100 ppm
Duty Cycle of transmitted signal50 +/- 10%
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The transponder shall transmit signals with these properties while in the operating temperature range
specified in section 7.5.
3.2.3Transponder data
The transponder shall have the capability of storing data in non-volatile memory. Data may be loaded
into the transponder at three possible locations: the transponder manufacturing facility; the
transponder distribution center; and at Third Party locations. The following table defines the data that
shall be programmed into the transponder, and the facilities where it could be programmed.
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Data blockProgrammable at
Factory
Transponder Identification
Number (32 bits)
Account Data field, for fleet
identification (5 bits)
DST data, up to 32 unique keys
(40 bits each)
Key activation data, to indicate
programmed key
Any data block may be programmed one time only. The DST keys shall be stored in such a way that
they may not be read from the transponder once programmed.
3.2.4Processor Characteristics
The transponder processor is a dedicated microcontroller capable of operating at 1 MIPS. The
processor includes a crystal clock operating at 4 MHz +/- 100 ppm over the full temperature range of
the transponder. This tolerance directly influences the accuracy of the output data rate of the uplink
data. Refer to the ARC Vehicle Transponder Software Specification, 11-09-05-701, for detailed
requirements for the transponder software.
The processor shall have two modes, Sleep and Active. The transponder shall go into its Sleep mode
after exiting a RF field with the defined RF characteristics below the maximum RF level of an
incoming data 0. In Sleep mode the transponder will consume a minimal amount of current to
enhance battery life. The transponder will wake-up and go into an Active mode upon entering a RF
field with the defined RF characteristics above the minimum RF level of an incoming Data 1. Once
activated, the transponder will attempt to acquire and respond to incoming polls or else go back into
Sleep mode if the RF field goes away.
YesYesNo
YesYesYes
YesYesNo
YesYesYes
Programmable at
Distribution Center
Programmable by
Third Party
The processor executes tasks sequentially, and will only perform half-duplex communication. For a
poll to be recognized by the processor, sufficient time must be allowed following the previous
response. The first unique DST Challenge poll will cause the processor to save the challenge data and
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execute the DST algorithm. While executing the DST algorithm, the processor will not respond to
any polls. The processor will response to subsequent identical DST Challenge polls using the
calculated DST Challenge Response.
3.2.5Current Consumption Characteristics
The transponder shall achieve a minimum battery life of three years. The battery life shall be defined
through the functional temperature range with the defined number of fueling transactions per week.
Exposure to temperatures in excess of the defined functional temperature range will reduce the
battery life.
Fueling Transactions5 per week
Battery Voltage, typical3V (depends on battery type)
Battery Voltage, allowable
operating range
Battery Capacity~210 mAH
Current load (Sleep)< 4 uA average over specified
Current load (Active)< 5 mA
2.5 V to 3.5 V
temperature range
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3.2.6Operation at Temperature Extremes
The transponder may not be functional outside of the defined operating temperature range. The
transponder shall return to full functionality after returning to the operating temperature range from
the storage temperature range, provided that there is still sufficient battery capacity available after
storage. The operating and storage temperature ranges are defined in section 7.5.
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4.INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
This section defines the interfaces between vehicle transponder and relevant subsystems of the ARC
system.
4.1DIGITAL CONTROL BOARD INTERFACES
4.1.1Downlink message format (poll)
The Dispenser Controller Board communicates with the vehicle transponder by sending poll
messages in the downlink channel. The format of the downlink poll messages are defined in the ARC
Vehicle Transponder Software Specification, 11-09-05-701.
4.1.2Uplink message format (response)
The vehicle transponder communicates with the Dispenser Controller board by sending response
messages in the uplink channel. The format of the downlink poll messages are defined in the ARC
Vehicle Transponder Software Specification, 11-09-05-701.
4.2PROGRAMMING STATION INTERFACES
The programming interface shall be in accordance with Vehicle Transponder Programming
Specification, 11-09-05-704.
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5.ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE REQUIREMENTS
5.1GENERAL
The design requirements for the control of the electromagnetic emission and susceptibility
characteristics of the U.S. vehicle transponder shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-461D
Requirements for Control of Electromagnetic Interference Emissions and Susceptibility.
5.2 RADIATED EMISSION
RequirementDescription
RE101Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz for a Land Mobile
platform.
RE102Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz. Except for 903 +/-
1 MHz, where a maximum of - 10 dBm may be present for a Land Mobile
platform.
RE103Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and harmonic Output, 10 kHz to
40 GHz. Except for 903 +/- 1 MHz, where a maximum of - 10 dBm may
be present for a Land Mobile platform.
5.3RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY
RequirementDescription
RS101Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz. A maximum field
strength of 27 mA/m is allowable.
RS103Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 40 GHz.. Except for 10kHz to
200 kHz, where a field strength of 2.7 mA/m is allowable.
5.4ELECTRIC / MAGNETIC FIELD DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY
The transponder shall withstand, without permanent damage, a field of 1 A/m in the band 0 - 200
kHz, excluding 133 -135 kHz, or a field of 200 V/m in any other band.
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6.REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
6.1FCC REQUIREMENTS
The vehicle transponder shall comply with FCC Regulations, Part 15, Class B.
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7.QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS
The U.S. vehicle transponder shall be designed and manufactured under a quality assurance program
equivalent to ISO 9001. This does not imply that the suppliers of the design or manufacturers shall be
certified to ISO 9001 but are capable of and have withstood an external audit by an independent
auditor.
7.1INSPECTION
The transponder shall be visually inspected by the supplier. The transponder shall be inspected for
compliance to the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) or equivalent
standard. This inspection shall be sufficient to assure performance to the requirements of this
specification, workmanship and electrical interface.
7.2TESTING
The transponder shall be tested for compliance to the performance requirement of paragraphs 3
through 6. Test procedures shall be reviewed and approved prior to the acceptance of product.
7.3MATERIALS
Materials chosen by the supplier shall be in accordance with IPC or equivalent standards and
practices, sufficient to assure performance to the requirements of this specification.
External parts, elements or coatings including marking shall be inherently non-nutrient to fungus and
do not blister, crack, outgas, soften, flow or exhibit defects that adversely affect storage, operation, or
assembly.
7.3.1Toxic Products and Formulations
No products or formulations, which are known to be toxic or harmful, shall be used without approval
by Texas Instruments Incorporated.
7.3.2Workmanship
Workmanship evidenced in the construction of the vehicle transponder shall be inspected for
compliance to the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) or equivalent,
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sufficient to assure performance to the requirements of this specification to the extremes of the
environments specified herein.
7.4RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS
7.4.1Reliability Performance
The reliability of the transponder shall be designed to meet or exceed the design goals documented in
the table below. The reliability prediction technique shall utilize MIL-HDBK-217 or Bell Core,
Method 1, at 25 degrees C, as a guideline.
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Module
LUHF Vehicle Transponder
(excluding Battery)
Table 7-1. Reliability Requirements
* MTBF - Mean Time Between Failure which are repairable.
** MTTF - Mean Time to Failure which are non-repairable.
7.5ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
The U.S. vehicle transponder is to meet applicable sections defined in the applicable Customer
Requirements Product Specifications detailed in Section 1.2.
The critical operating environmental guidelines are as follows:
- Operating temperature: Operating temperature tests in accordance with MIL-STD-202F,
method 102A, temperature cycling or equivalent, using the following parameters: -10 to +85
degrees C, duration 500 hours. Transponder may have degraded operational performance to -20
degrees C.
MTBF *
(hours, Repairable)
MTTF **
(hours, Non-
repairable)
1,000,000.974
Survival
Probability
(3 years)
- Storage temperature (battery removed): Storage temperate tests in accordance with MIL-STD-
810D, method 502.2, using the following parameters: Low temperature - 40 degrees C 1000
hours, High temperature 104 degrees C, 1000 hours.
- Shock Environment: Shock test performed in accordance with Mil-STD-810D, Method 516.3 or
equivalent using the following parameters: 30 G's at 10 mS, half sinusoidal wave, 6 axes.
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- Vibration Environment: Vibration tests in accordance with MIL-STD-810E, Method 514.4 or
equivalent, using the following parameters: 10 to 500 Hz, 10 g peak, 30 minutes sweep,
logarithmic.
- Humidity Environment (battery removed): Humidity tests in accordance with MIL-STD-810D,
Method 507.2, procedure III, aggravated screening or equivalent, using the following humidity
parameters: 85 percent relative humidity, non-condensing at 85o C, duration 500 hours.
- Thermal Shock (battery removed): Thermal Shock testing in accordance with MIL-STD-810D,
Method 503.2 or equivalent, using the following thermal shock parameters: - 40 to 85 degrees C,
100 cycles duration.
- Drop: Drop from 1m onto a 1-inch thick maple block, 1 drop per side on all surfaces.
Operational functionality and structural integrity shall not be compromised. The battery cover is
allowed to fall off of the transponder as long as it is not damaged and can be replaced into the
unit.
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8. PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY
8.1 PACKING AND PACKAGING
Preservation, packaging, and packing of system and subsystems to be delivered shall be to the
supplier's best commercial practice to prevent deterioration and mechanical damage in shipment and
in storage.
8.2 ELECTROSTATIC (ES) PROTECTION
The ARC system and subsystems shall meet an ES level of 2000 volts minimum using a standard
body model.
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9.BATTERY LIFE CALCULATION
Battery Load Conditions
* Standby Conditions
Load Current:2 uA
Duration:100% of time
* Active Conditions
Duration:5 transactions / week, assuming 5 minutes / transaction
Continuous Load:1 mA
Pulsed Cycle Load: (* Additional to Continuous Load)