Texas Instruments bq78350-R1 Technical Reference
bq78350-R1
Technical Reference
Literature Number: SLUUBD3D
September 2015–Revised September 2018
Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................................................ 9
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 10
2 Basic Measurement System................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Current and Coulomb Counting .......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Voltage....................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Temperature ................................................................................................................ 12
2.4.1 FET Temperature Measurement ............................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Temperature Enable .............................................................................................. 12
2.4.3 Temperature Mode Configuration ............................................................................... 12
2.5 Temperature Ranges ...................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Basic Configuration Options .............................................................................................. 13
2.6.1 DA Configuration .................................................................................................. 13
2.6.2 FET Options........................................................................................................ 14
2.6.3 AFE Cell Map ...................................................................................................... 15
3 Protections........................................................................................................................ 17
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 17
3.1.1 General Protections Configuration .............................................................................. 17
3.1.2 Enabled Protections .............................................................................................. 18
3.1.3 Enabled Removal Recovery ..................................................................................... 20
3.1.4 FET Action Options for Current Protections ................................................................... 21
3.2 Cell Undervoltage Protection ............................................................................................. 21
3.3 Cell Overvoltage Protection............................................................................................... 22
3.4 Overcurrent in Charge Protection........................................................................................ 22
3.5 Overcurrent in Discharge Protection..................................................................................... 23
3.6 Hardware-Based Protection............................................................................................... 24
3.6.1 Overload in Discharge Protection............................................................................... 24
3.6.2 Short Circuit in Discharge Protection........................................................................... 26
3.6.3 AFE ALERT OVRD Protection .................................................................................. 27
3.7 Temperature Protections .................................................................................................. 28
3.7.1 Overtemperature in Charge Protection......................................................................... 28
3.7.2 Overtemperature in Discharge Protection...................................................................... 29
3.7.3 Undertemperature in Charge Protection ....................................................................... 29
3.7.4 Undertemperature in Discharge Protection.................................................................... 29
3.7.5 Overtemperature FET Protection................................................................................ 30
3.8 Precharge Timeout Protection............................................................................................ 30
3.9 Fast Charge Timeout Protection ......................................................................................... 31
3.10 Overcharge Protection..................................................................................................... 31
4 Permanent Fail................................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 32
4.2 Permanent Failure Configuration......................................................................................... 32
4.3 Enabling Use of the SAFE Pin ........................................................................................... 34
4.4 Safety Cell Undervoltage Permanent Fail............................................................................... 36
4.5 Safety Cell Overvoltage Permanent Fail ................................................................................ 37
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4.6 Safety Overcurrent in Charge Permanent Fail ......................................................................... 37
4.7 Safety Overcurrent in Discharge Permanent Fail ...................................................................... 38
4.8 Safety Overtemperature Cell Permanent Fail .......................................................................... 38
4.9 Safety Overtemperature FET (SOTF) Permanent Fail ................................................................ 38
4.10 Voltage Imbalance at Rest Permanent Fail............................................................................. 39
4.11 Charge FET Permanent Fail.............................................................................................. 39
4.12 Discharge FET Permanent Fail........................................................................................... 39
4.13 External Override Permanent Fail........................................................................................ 40
4.14 AFE Register Permanent Fail............................................................................................. 40
4.15 AFE Communication Permanent Fail.................................................................................... 41
4.16 AFE XREADY Permanent Fail ........................................................................................... 41
4.17 Instruction Flash (IF) Checksum Permanent Fail ...................................................................... 41
4.18 Data Flash (DF) Permanent Fail ......................................................................................... 41
4.19 Open Thermistor Permanent Fail (TS1, TS2, TS3).................................................................... 42
4.20 PF Status Snapshot Data Flash.......................................................................................... 42
4.20.1 Device Status Data .............................................................................................. 42
4.20.2 Device Voltage Data............................................................................................. 43
4.20.3 Device Current Data............................................................................................. 44
4.20.4 Device Temperature Data....................................................................................... 44
4.20.5 AFE Regs ......................................................................................................... 44
4.21 Black Box Recorder........................................................................................................ 44
4.21.1 Black Box Recorded Data....................................................................................... 45
5 Charge Algorithm ............................................................................................................... 47
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 47
5.2 Fast and Pre-Charging .................................................................................................... 47
5.3 Valid Charge Termination ................................................................................................. 48
5.4 Charge and Discharge Alarms ........................................................................................... 48
5.5 Charge Disable ............................................................................................................. 51
5.6 Charge Inhibit............................................................................................................... 51
5.7 Charge Suspend ........................................................................................................... 52
6 System Present.................................................................................................................. 53
6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 53
6.2 System Present Detection and Action................................................................................... 53
7 Cell Balancing.................................................................................................................... 54
7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 54
7.1.1 Cell Balancing Configuration..................................................................................... 55
8 Power Modes ..................................................................................................................... 56
8.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 56
8.2 NORMAL Mode............................................................................................................. 56
8.3 SLEEP Mode................................................................................................................ 56
8.3.1 Device Sleep....................................................................................................... 56
8.3.2 ManufacturerAccess() MAC Sleep.............................................................................. 57
8.3.3 IN SYSTEM SLEEP Mode....................................................................................... 57
8.4 SHUTDOWN Mode ........................................................................................................ 57
8.4.1 Voltage Based Shutdown ........................................................................................ 57
8.4.2 Time Based Shutdown............................................................................................ 58
8.4.3 ManufacturerAccess() MAC Shutdown......................................................................... 58
8.5 Power Mode Indication (PWRM)......................................................................................... 58
9 CEDV Gas Gauging ............................................................................................................ 59
9.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 59
9.1.1 Main Fuel Gauge Registers...................................................................................... 59
9.1.2 Fuel Gauge Operating Modes................................................................................... 60
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9.1.3 Full Charge Capacity ............................................................................................. 61
9.1.4 Initial Battery Capacity at Device Reset........................................................................ 62
9.1.5 Capacity Learning (FCC Update) ............................................................................... 62
9.1.6 Qualified Discharge ............................................................................................... 63
9.1.7 End-of-Discharge Thresholds and Capacity Correction...................................................... 64
9.1.8 Reserve Capacity ................................................................................................. 65
9.1.9 EDV Discharge Rate and Temperature Compensation...................................................... 65
9.1.10 EDV Age Factor.................................................................................................. 66
9.1.11 Self Discharge .................................................................................................... 67
9.1.12 Battery Electronic Load Compensation ....................................................................... 67
9.2 Gauging Configuration Options........................................................................................... 67
10 Lifetime Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 70
10.1 Description .................................................................................................................. 70
10.2 Lifetimes..................................................................................................................... 71
10.2.1 LifetimeDataBlock1() 0x0060 ................................................................................... 71
10.2.2 LifetimeDataBlock2() 0x0061 ................................................................................... 71
10.2.3 LifetimeDataBlock3() 0x0062 ................................................................................... 71
10.2.4 LifetimeDataBlock4() 0x0063 ................................................................................... 72
10.2.5 LifetimeDataBlock5() 0x0064 ................................................................................... 73
10.2.6 LifetimeDataBlock6() 0x0065 ................................................................................... 73
10.2.7 LifetimeDataBlock7() 0x0066 ................................................................................... 73
11 Device Security .................................................................................................................. 75
11.1 Description .................................................................................................................. 75
11.2 SHA-1 Description.......................................................................................................... 75
11.3 HMAC Description.......................................................................................................... 75
11.4 Authentication............................................................................................................... 75
11.5 Security Modes ............................................................................................................. 76
11.5.1 FULL ACCESS or UNSEALED to SEALED .................................................................. 76
11.5.2 SEALED to UNSEALED......................................................................................... 76
11.5.3 UNSEALED to FULL ACCESS................................................................................. 76
12 Manufacture Production...................................................................................................... 77
12.1 Manufacture Testing ....................................................................................................... 77
12.1.1 Manufacturing Status Configuration ........................................................................... 77
12.2 Calibration................................................................................................................... 78
12.2.1 Cell Voltage Calibration ......................................................................................... 79
12.2.2 External Average Voltage Calibration ......................................................................... 79
12.2.3 VAUX Voltage Calibration....................................................................................... 80
12.2.4 Voltage Calibration Data Flash ................................................................................. 80
12.2.5 Current Calibration ............................................................................................... 80
12.2.6 Deadbands........................................................................................................ 81
12.2.7 Current Calibration Data Flash ................................................................................. 82
12.2.8 Temperature Calibration......................................................................................... 82
12.2.9 Temperature Calibration Data Flash........................................................................... 82
12.2.10 External Temp Model .......................................................................................... 83
13 Display Port....................................................................................................................... 84
13.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 84
13.1.1 Light Emitting Diode (LED) Display Operation ............................................................... 84
13.1.2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Operation....................................................................... 84
13.2 Display Activation .......................................................................................................... 84
13.2.1 LED Display Activation .......................................................................................... 84
13.2.2 LCD Display Activation.......................................................................................... 85
13.3 State-Of-Charge Display .................................................................................................. 85
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13.4 LED and LCD Display Configuration .................................................................................... 85
13.5 LCD Specific Display Configuration...................................................................................... 86
13.6 LED Configuration Register............................................................................................... 86
14 Host Controlled GPIO ......................................................................................................... 88
14.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 88
14.2 Configuring the GPIO...................................................................................................... 88
14.3 Using the GPIO............................................................................................................. 91
15 Key Input........................................................................................................................... 92
15.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 92
15.2 Input Configuration......................................................................................................... 92
15.3 Operation.................................................................................................................... 92
16 Communications ................................................................................................................ 93
16.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 93
16.2 SMBus On and Off State.................................................................................................. 93
16.3 Packet Error Checking..................................................................................................... 93
16.4 Slave Address .............................................................................................................. 93
16.5 Broadcasts to Smart Charger and Smart Battery Host................................................................ 94
16.6 SMB Configuration Options ............................................................................................... 95
17 SBS Commands ................................................................................................................. 96
17.1 Summary .................................................................................................................... 96
17.2 0x00 ManufacturerAccess() and 0x44 ManufacturerBlockAccess()................................................. 98
17.2.1 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0000 ManufacturerBlockAccess() or ManufacturerData()................... 100
17.2.2 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0001 Device Type ................................................................ 100
17.2.3 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0002 Firmware Version .......................................................... 100
17.2.4 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0003 Hardware Version.......................................................... 100
17.2.5 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0004 Instruction Flash Signature............................................... 100
17.2.6 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0005 Static DF Signature........................................................ 100
17.2.7 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0006 Chemical ID................................................................. 100
17.2.8 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0008 Static Chem DF Signature................................................ 101
17.2.9 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0009 All DF Signature............................................................ 101
17.2.10 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0010 SHUTDOWN Mode ...................................................... 101
17.2.11 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0011 SLEEP Mode.............................................................. 101
17.2.12 ManufacturerAccess() 0x001B Cell Balance Toggle ..................................................... 102
17.2.13 ManufacturerAccess() 0x001C AFE Delay Disable....................................................... 102
17.2.14 ManufacturerAccess() 0x001D SAFE Toggle ............................................................. 102
17.2.15 ManufacturerAccess() 0x001E PRE-CHG FET ........................................................... 102
17.2.16 ManufacturerAccess() 0x001F CHG FET.................................................................. 102
17.2.17 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0020 DSG FET .................................................................. 102
17.2.18 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0022 FET Control ............................................................... 102
17.2.19 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0023 Lifetime Data Collection ................................................. 103
17.2.20 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0024 Permanent Failure........................................................ 103
17.2.21 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0025 Black Box Recorder...................................................... 103
17.2.22 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0026 SAFE....................................................................... 103
17.2.23 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0027 LED Display Enable...................................................... 103
17.2.24 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0028 Lifetime Data Reset...................................................... 103
17.2.25 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0029 Permanent Fail Data Reset ............................................. 103
17.2.26 ManufacturerAccess() 0x002A Black Box Recorder Reset.............................................. 104
17.2.27 ManufacturerAccess() 0x002B LED TOGGLE ............................................................ 104
17.2.28 ManufacturerAccess() 0x002C LED Display Press....................................................... 104
17.2.29 ManufacturerAccess() 0x002D CALIBRATION Mode ................................................... 104
17.2.30 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0030 Seal Device ............................................................... 104
17.2.31 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0035 Security Keys ............................................................. 104
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17.2.32 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0037 Authentication Key ....................................................... 104
17.2.33 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0041 Device Reset.............................................................. 105
17.2.34 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0050 SafetyAlert................................................................. 105
17.2.35 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0051 SafetyStatus............................................................... 106
17.2.36 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0052 PFAlert..................................................................... 108
17.2.37 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0053 PFStatus................................................................... 109
17.2.38 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0054 OperationStatus .......................................................... 111
17.2.39 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0055 ChargingStatus........................................................... 113
17.2.40 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0056 GaugingStatus............................................................ 114
17.2.41 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0057 ManufacturingStatus..................................................... 115
17.2.42 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0058 AFEStatus................................................................. 117
17.2.43 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0059 AFEConfig ................................................................ 117
17.2.44 ManufacturerAccess() 0x005A AFEVCx .................................................................. 117
17.2.45 ManufacturerAccess() 0x005B AFEData................................................................... 117
17.2.46 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0060 Lifetime Data Block 1 .................................................... 117
17.2.47 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0061 Lifetime Data Block 2 .................................................... 118
17.2.48 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0062 Lifetime Data Block 3 .................................................... 118
17.2.49 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0063 Lifetime Data Block 4 .................................................... 118
17.2.50 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0064 Lifetime Data Block 5 .................................................... 118
17.2.51 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0065 Lifetime Data Block 6 .................................................... 118
17.2.52 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0066 Lifetime Data Block 7 .................................................... 118
17.2.53 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0070 ManufacturerInfo ......................................................... 119
17.2.54 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0071 DAStatus1................................................................. 119
17.2.55 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0072 DAStatus2................................................................. 119
17.2.56 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0080 CUV Snapshot ............................................................ 119
17.2.57 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0081 COV Snapshot............................................................ 120
17.2.58 ManufacturerAccess() 0x0F00 ROM Mode................................................................ 120
17.2.59 Data Flash Access() 0x4000–0x5FFF...................................................................... 120
17.2.60 ManufacturerAccess() 0xF080 Exit Calibration Output Mode........................................... 121
17.2.61 ManufacturerAccess() 0xF081 OutputCellVoltageforCalibration........................................ 121
17.2.62 ManufacturerAccess() 0xF082 OutputCellVoltageCCandTempforCalibration ........................ 122
17.3 0x01 RemainingCapacityAlarm() ....................................................................................... 123
17.4 0x02 RemainingTimeAlarm()............................................................................................ 123
17.5 0x03 BatteryMode()....................................................................................................... 123
17.6 0x04 AtRate().............................................................................................................. 124
17.7 0x05 AtRateTimeToFull() ................................................................................................ 125
17.8 0x06 AtRateTimeToEmpty()............................................................................................. 125
17.9 0x07 AtRateOK().......................................................................................................... 125
17.10 0x08 Temperature() ...................................................................................................... 125
17.11 0x09 Voltage() ............................................................................................................ 126
17.12 0x0A Current() ............................................................................................................ 126
17.13 0x0B AverageCurrent() .................................................................................................. 126
17.14 0x0C MaxError().......................................................................................................... 126
17.15 0x0D RelativeStateOfCharge() ......................................................................................... 127
17.16 0x0E AbsoluteStateOfCharge()......................................................................................... 127
17.17 0x0F RemainingCapacity().............................................................................................. 127
17.18 0x10 FullChargeCapacity().............................................................................................. 127
17.19 0x11 RunTimeToEmpty()................................................................................................ 128
17.20 0x12 AverageTimeToEmpty()........................................................................................... 128
17.21 0x13 AverageTimeToFull().............................................................................................. 128
17.22 0x14 ChargingCurrent().................................................................................................. 128
17.23 0x15 ChargingVoltage() ................................................................................................. 128
17.24 0x16 BatteryStatus() ..................................................................................................... 129
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17.25 0x17 CycleCount()........................................................................................................ 130
17.26 0x18 DesignCapacity()................................................................................................... 130
17.27 0x19 DesignVoltage().................................................................................................... 131
17.28 0x1A SpecificationInfo() ................................................................................................. 131
17.29 0x1B ManufacturerDate()................................................................................................ 132
17.30 0x1C SerialNumber()..................................................................................................... 132
17.31 0x20 ManufacturerName() .............................................................................................. 132
17.32 0x21 DeviceName() ...................................................................................................... 133
17.33 0x22 DeviceChemistry() ................................................................................................. 133
17.34 0x23 ManufacturerData()/CalibrationData()........................................................................... 133
17.35 0x2B HostFETControl.................................................................................................... 134
17.36 0x2C GPIOStatus ........................................................................................................ 134
17.37 0x2D GPIOControl ....................................................................................................... 135
17.38 0x2E VAUXVoltage()..................................................................................................... 136
17.39 0x2F Authenticate()/ManufacturerInput().............................................................................. 136
17.40 0x30..0x3E CellVoltage1..15() .......................................................................................... 136
17.41 0x4C DynamicPower() .................................................................................................. 137
17.42 0x4D ExtAveCellVoltage()............................................................................................... 137
17.43 0x4E PendingEDV()...................................................................................................... 137
17.44 0x4F StateOfHealth (SOH) ............................................................................................. 138
17.45 0x50 SafetyAlert .......................................................................................................... 138
17.46 0x51 SafetyStatus........................................................................................................ 138
17.47 0x52 PFAlert .............................................................................................................. 138
17.48 0x53 PFStatus ............................................................................................................ 138
17.49 0x54 OperationStatus.................................................................................................... 138
17.50 0x55 ChargingStatus..................................................................................................... 139
17.51 0x56 GaugingStatus ..................................................................................................... 139
17.52 0x57 ManufacturingStatus............................................................................................... 139
17.53 0x58 AFEStatus .......................................................................................................... 139
17.54 0x59 AFEConfig .......................................................................................................... 139
17.55 0x5A AFEVCx............................................................................................................. 139
17.56 0x5B AFEData ............................................................................................................ 140
17.57 0x60 Lifetime Data Block 1.............................................................................................. 140
17.58 0x61 Lifetime Data Block 2.............................................................................................. 140
17.59 0x62 Lifetime Data Block 3.............................................................................................. 140
17.60 0x63 Lifetime Data Block 4.............................................................................................. 140
17.61 0x64 Lifetime Data Block 5.............................................................................................. 140
17.62 0x65 Lifetime Data Block 6.............................................................................................. 141
17.63 0x66 Lifetime Data Block 7.............................................................................................. 141
17.64 0x70 ManufacturerInfo................................................................................................... 141
17.65 0x71 DAStatus1 .......................................................................................................... 141
17.66 0x72 DAStatus2 .......................................................................................................... 141
17.67 0x80 CUV Snapshot ..................................................................................................... 141
17.68 0x81 COV Snapshot ..................................................................................................... 142
18 Data Flash Access and Format........................................................................................... 143
18.1 Data Flash Access........................................................................................................ 143
18.1.1 Minimum Voltage ............................................................................................... 143
18.2 Data Formats.............................................................................................................. 143
18.2.1 Unsigned Integer (U)........................................................................................... 143
18.2.2 Integer (I) ........................................................................................................ 143
18.2.3 Floating Point (F) ............................................................................................... 144
18.2.4 Hex (H)........................................................................................................... 144
18.2.5 String (S)......................................................................................................... 144
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19 Data Flash Summary......................................................................................................... 145
Revision History ........................................................................................................................ 158
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Read this First
This manual discusses the modules and peripherals of the bq78350-R1 device, and how each is used to
build a complete battery pack gas gauge and protection solution.
Notational Conventions
The following notational conventions are used if SBS commands and data flash values are mentioned
within a text block:
• SBS commands: italics with parentheses and no breaking spaces; for example, RemainingCapacity().
• Data flash: italics, bold, and breaking spaces; for example, Design Capacity.
• Register bits and flags: italics and brackets; for example, [TDA] Data
• Flash bits: italics and bold; for example, [LED1]
• Modes and states: ALL CAPITALS; for example, UNSEALED
The reference format for SBS commands is: SBS:Command Name(Command No.): Manufacturer
Access(MA No.)[Flag], for example:
SBS:Voltage(0x09), or SBS:ManufacturerAccess(0x00): Seal Device(0x0020)
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SLUUBD3D–September 2015–Revised September 2018
Preface
Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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Preface
9
Chapter 1
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Introduction
The bq78350-R1 device provides a feature-rich battery management solution for 3-series cell to 15-series
cell battery pack applications. The device has extended capabilities, including:
• Companion Protection Controller to the bq76920, bq76930, and bq76940 AFE Devices for Li-Ion or
LiFePO4 Battery Packs
• Compensated End-of-Discharge Voltage (CEDV) Gas Gauging Algorithm Accurately Measures
Available Charge and State-of-Health
• Voltage Based Cell Balancing Control
• Normal and Lower Power Modes
– NORMAL
– SLEEP
– SHUTDOWN
• Full Array of Programmable Protection Features
– Voltage
– Current
– Temperature
– Charge Timeout
– CHG/DSG FETs
• Precharge and Fast Charge Algorithm
• Diagnostic Lifetime Data Monitor
• Black Box Event Recorder
• Supports Two-Wire SMBus v1.1 Interface
• SHA-1 Authentication
• Package: 30-Lead TSSOP
The bq78350-R1 is intended to be used with the bq769x0 Battery Monitor with a 2.5-V REGOUT
configuration and I2C Address 0x08. However, the bq78350-R1 can use a bq769x0 with or without the
communications CRC enabled (the bq78350-R1 automatically detects if CRC is enabled).
10
Introduction
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2.1 Introduction
NOTE: For this section, refer to the bq769x0 3-Series to 15-Series Cell Battery Monitor Family for Li-
Ion and Phosphate Applications Data Manual (SLUSBK2) for further details.
The bq78350-R1 reads the bq769x0 companion AFE registers that contain recent values from the
integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for current measurement, and a second delta-sigma ADC for
individual cell and temperature measurements. The bq78350-R1 also has the capability to measure the
battery voltage through an externally translated voltage.
2.2 Current and Coulomb Counting
The integrating delta-sigma ADC in the companion bq769x0 AFE measures the charge/discharge flow of
the battery by measuring the voltage drop across a small-value sense resistor between the SRP and SRN
pins. The 15-bit integrating ADC measures bipolar signals from –0.20 V to 0.20 V with 15-µV resolution.
The AFE reports charge activity when VSR = V
V
– V
(SRP)
digital signal from the AFE over time using an internal counter.
To support large battery configurations, the current data can be scaled to ensure accurate reporting
through the SMBus. The data reported is scaled based on the setting of the SpecificationInfo() command.
The data reported through the Current() can also have a deadband applied to it. This removes any noise
or offset that has not been calibrated out from being reported as real current. This value is programmed in
Deadband with a default configured for mA scaling in SpecificationInfo(). If the SpecificationInfo()
IPSCALE is set to 10 mA or 100 mA, then it is strongly recommended to set Deadband to 1.
is negative. The bq78350-R1 continuously monitors the measured current and integrates the
(SRN)
Chapter 2
SLUUBD3D–September 2015–Revised September 2018
Basic Measurement System
(SRP)
– V
is positive, and discharge activity when VSR =
(SRN)
2.3 Voltage
The bq78350-R1 updates the individual series cell voltages through the bq769x0 at 250-ms intervals. The
bq78350-R1 configures the bq769x0 to connect to the selected cells in sequence and uses this
information for cell balancing and individual cell fault functions. The internal 14-bit ADC of the bq769x0
measures each cell voltage value, which is then communicated digitally to the bq78350-R1 where it is
scaled and translated into unit millivolts. The maximum supported input range of the ADC is 6.075 V.
The bq78350-R1 also separately measures the average cell voltage through an external translation circuit
at the BAT pin. This value is specifically used for the gas gauge algorithm. The external translation circuit
is controlled via the VEN pin so that the translation circuit is only enabled when required to reduce overall
power consumption. VEN requires an external pullup to VCC, typically 100 k, to operate correctly.
In addition to the voltage measurements used by the bq78350-R1 algorithms, there is an optional auxiliary
voltage measurement capability via the VAUX pin. This feature measures the input on a 250-ms update
rate and provides the programmable scaled value through the VAUXVoltage() SMBus command. The data
can be enabled to influence selected fault recovery features. See General Protections Configuration,
[VAUXR], for further details.
The VEN pin will go high 2 ms prior to the BAT being measured if DA Configuration [ExtAveEN] = 1,
and then return low unless DA Configuration [VAUXEN] = 1, which will cause VEN to remain high for a
further 2 ms prior to making the VAUX measurement. This results in VEN possibly being high for up to
40 ms per second in NORMAL mode.
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Basic Measurement System
11
Temperature
To support large battery configurations where the battery voltage can exceed 32767 mV, the data should
be scaled as the gauge's internal data processing is done in a signed integer range (–32768 to 32767) to
ensure accurate reporting through the SMBus. The data reported is scaled based on the setting of the
SpecificationInfo() command. The cell voltages are not scaled.
2.4 Temperature
The bq78350-R1 receives temperature information from external or internal temperature sensors in the
bq769x0 AFE. Depending on the number of series cells supported, the AFE will provide one, two, or three
external thermistor measurements. The value of temperature is reported through Temperature() and can
be configured in DA Configuration.
2.4.1 FET Temperature Measurement
The bq78350-R1 can be configured to report FET temperature, which can be available through
DAStatus2(). If multiple temperature sensors are selected for FET temperature, then either the average or
highest is used based on the setting of [FTEMP] in [DA Configuration].
The selection of temperature sensor as cell temperature protection or FET temperature protection can be
made through the Temperature Mode register.
2.4.2 Temperature Enable
This register enables/disables the available temperature sensor options.
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Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Configuration
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Low Byte RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD SOURCE TS3 TS2 TS1
Temperature
Enable
hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x09 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
RSVD (Bits 7–4): Reserved
SOURCE (Bit 3): Configure the use of Internal or External temperature sensors for all AFE ports
0 = Use internal temperature sensor(s)
1 = Use external temperature sensor(s)
TS3 (Bit 2): Enable/disable companion AFE temperature sensor TS3, if available
0 = Disable TS3 temperature sensor
1 = Enable TS3 temperature sensor
TS2 (Bit 1): Enable/disable companion AFE temperature sensor TS2, if available
0 = Disable TS2 temperature sensor
1 = Enable TS2 temperature sensor
TS1 (Bit 0): Enable/disable companion AFE temperature sensor TS1
0 = Disable TS1 temperature sensor
1 = Enable TS1 temperature sensor
2.4.3 Temperature Mode Configuration
Each available external temperature sensor can be configured to be used for the cell temperature or FET
temperature features.
12
Basic Measurement System
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T1
Temperature()
Under Temp
TempRange() [UT]=1
Low Temp
TempRange() [LT]=1
Standard Temp
TempRange() [ST]=1
High Temp
TempRange() [HT]=1
Over Temp
TempRange() [OT]=1
T2
T3 T4
Temperature() > Charge
Inhibit / Suspend Low Temp
+ Hysteresis Temp
Temperature() < Charge
Inhibit / Suspend Low Temp
Temperature() > Pre Charge
Temp + Hysteresis Temp
Temperature() < Pre Charge
Temp
Temperature() > Charge
Inhibit High Temp+
Hysteresis Temp
Temperature() > Charge
Suspend High Temp+
Hysteresis Temp
Temperature() < Charge
Inhibit High Temp
Temperature() < Charge
Suspend High Temp
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Temperature Ranges
Figure 2-1. Temperature Mode
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD TSMode3 TSMode2 TSMode1
RSVD (Bits 7–3): Reserved
TSMode3 (Bit 2): Select TS3 sensor for Cell or FET Temperature Protection
0 = Use for Cell (default)
1 = Use for FETTemperature()
TSMode2 (Bit 1): Select TS2 sensor for Cell or FET Temperature Protection
0 = Use for Cell (default)
1 = Use for FETTemperature()
TSMode1 (Bit 0): Select TS1 sensor for Cell or FET Temperature Protection
0 = Use for Cell (default)
1 = Use for FETTemperature()
2.5 Temperature Ranges
The measured temperature is segmented into several temperature ranges. The bq78350-R1 uses these
as indication, and, for Lifetime Data Logging, the time spent in each range. The temperature ranges set in
data flash should adhere to the following format:
T1 ≤ T2 ≤ T3 ≤ T4
2.6 Basic Configuration Options
2.6.1 DA Configuration
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Figure 2-2. Data Flash Temperature Range Format
See the Temperature Ranges data flash subclass for details on the specific data flash variables.
There are a variety of options available in the bq78350-R1 and the companion AFE that influence the
startup conditions, system configuration, and the data measurement system.
This register is used to configure the setup of various measurement features of the bq78350-R1.
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Configuration
Configuration
DA
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hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x11 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
Basic Measurement System
13
Basic Configuration Options
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Low Byte FTEMP CTEMP RSVD ExtAveEN VAUXEN VAUX_SCALE
FTEMP (Bit 7): FET Temperature Protection Source
0 = Maximum of external available sources (default)
1 = Average of external available sources
CTEMP (Bit 6): Cell Temperature Protection Source
0 = Maximum of external available sources (default)
1 = Average of external available sources
RSVD (Bit 5): Reserved
ExtAveEN (Bit 4): Enables the bq78350-R1 to measure the BAT input
0 = BAT input is not measured.
1 = BAT input is measured and made available via ExtAveCellVoltage() (default).
VAUXEN (Bit 3): Enables the bq78350-R1 to measure the VAUX input
0 = VAUX input is not measured (default).
1 = VAUX input is measured and made available via VAUXVoltage().
VAUX_SCALE (Bit 2): Enables the bq78350-R1 to scale the VAUXVoltage() data by 10. For example:
Units are 10 mV rather than 1 mV.
0 = VAUXVoltage() is not scaled (resolution is 1 mV) (default).
1 = VAUXVoltage() is scaled (resolution is 10 mV).
IN_SYSTEM_SLEEP (Bit 1): IN SYSTEM SLEEP mode
1 = Enable
0 = Disable (default)
SLEEP (Bit 0): Enables the bq78350-R1 to enter SLEEP mode.
0 = The bq78350-R1 never enters SLEEP mode.
1 = The bq78350-R1 enters SLEEP mode under normal sleep entry criteria (default).
IN_SYSTEM_
SLEEP
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SLEEP
2.6.2 FET Options
This register configures the various FET control options.
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Configuration FET Options hex 2 0x0000 0xFFFF 0x0021 —
High Byte RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD KEY_POL PCHG_POL
Low Byte RSVD SLEEPCHG CHGFET CHGIN CHGSU OTFET KEY_EN PCHG_EN
RSVD (Bits 7–2): Reserved
KEY_POL: This bit configures the KEYIN input detection polarity.
0 = KEYIN detection is active low (default).
1 = KEYIN detection is active high.
PCHG_POL: Configures the bq78350-R1 PRECHG pin output polarity. If PCHG_EN = 0, then this bit
has no influence.
14
Basic Measurement System
Size in
Bytes
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
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Basic Configuration Options
0 = The bq78350-R1 configures the PRECHG as active low (default).
1 = The bq78350-R1 configures the PRECHG as active high, requiring an external pullup.
SLEEPCHG: CHG FET is enabled during SLEEP.
0 = CHG FET off during SLEEP (default).
1 = CHG FET remains on during SLEEP.
CHGFET: FET action on valid charge termination
0 = FET active
1 = Charging and Precharging disabled, FET off (default)
CHGIN: FET action in CHARGE INHIBIT mode
0 = FET active (default)
1 = Charging and Precharging disabled, FETs off
CHGSU: FET action in CHARGE SUSPEND mode
0 = FET active (default)
1 = Charging and Precharging disabled, FETs off
OTFET: FET action in OVERTEMPERATURE mode
0 = No FET action for overtemperature condition (default)
1 = CHG and DSG FETs will be turned off for overtemperature conditions.
KEY_EN: Enables the bq78350-R1 to use the KEYIN pin function
0 = The bq78350-R1 never uses KEYIN (default).
1 = The bq78350-R1 KEYIN is used to control the DSG FET.
PCHG_EN: Enables the bq78350-R1 to use the PRECHG pin during PRECHARGE mode
0 = The bq78350-R1 never uses PRECHG.
1 = The bq78350-R1 controls PRECHG under normal charge control algorithm (default).
2.6.3 AFE Cell Map
This register maps the cells connected to the companion AFE so that the bq78350-R1 knows cells are
present at the indicated VCx channel.
Class Subclass Name Format
Configuration AFE
High Byte RSVD VC15 VC14 VC13 VC12 VC11 VC10 VC9
Low Byte VC8 VC7 VC6 VC5 VC4 VC3 VC2 VC1
RSVD (Bit 7): Reserved
VCx: Cell connected to this node
1 = A cell is connected to this node and valid measurements are expected.
0 = A cell is NOT connected to this node.
Size in
Bytes
AFE Cell
Map
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
hex 2 0x0000 0xFFFF 0x0013 —
Min Max Default Unit
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Basic Measurement System
15
Basic Configuration Options
The bq78350-R1 determines which companion AFE is connected by the total number of cells connected.
• When Series Cells = 3 to 5, the bq76920 companion AFE is used.
• When Series Cells = 6 to 10, the bq76930 companion AFE is used.
• When Series Cells = 9 to 15, the bq76940 companion AFE is used.
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3.1 Introduction
The bq78350-R1 supports a wide range of battery and system protection features that are easily
configured or enabled via the integrated data flash. All of the protection items can be enabled or disabled
under Settings:Enable Protections A, Settings:Enable Protections B, and Settings:Enable
Protections C.
If the CHG FET is off and the gauge detects discharge current ≥ Dsg Current Threshold, then the CHG
FET is turned on to protect CHG FET body diode. The CHG FET is turned back off once discharge current
is removed. If the DSG FET is off and the gauge detects charge current ≥ Chg Current Threshold, then
the DSG FET is turned on to protect the DSG FET body diode. The DSG FET is turned back off once
charge current is removed. Body diode protection is always active.
3.1.1 General Protections Configuration
Chapter 3
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Protections
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Protection
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD RSVD CC_DSG_OFF DC_CHG_OFF LPEN VAUXR
Protection
Configuration
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
CUV_RECOV_
CHG
RSVD (Bits 7–6): Reserved
CC_DSG_OFF (Bit 5): Turns DSG FET OFF in current-based charge faults
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
DC_CHG_OFF (Bit 4): Turns CHG FET OFF in current-based discharge faults
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
LPEN (Bit 3): Protection recovery uses the LOAD_PRESENT flag in the AFE to determine discharge
fault recovery. LOAD_PRESENT should only be used in a low-side protection FET configuration.
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
VAUXR (Bit 2): Protection recovery uses the VAUX input as charger present detection.
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
CUV_RECOV_CHG (Bit 1): Requires charge to recover SafetyStatus()[CUV]
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
RSVD (Bit 0): Reserved
RSVD
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17
Introduction
3.1.2 Enabled Protections
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Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Protection
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ASCDL ASCD AOLDL AOLD OCD OCC COV CUV
Enabled
Protections
A
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0xFF —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
ASCDL (Bit 7): Short Circuit in Discharge Latch
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
ASCD (Bit 6): Short Circuit in Discharge recovery. Detection of an ASCD fault cannot be disabled.
0 = Bypassed, auto recovers within 250 ms
1 = Enabled
AOLDL (Bit 5): Overload in Discharge Latch
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
AOLD (Bit 4): Overload in Discharge recovery. Detection of an AOLD fault cannot be disabled.
0 = Bypassed, auto recovers within 250 ms
1 = Enabled
OCD (Bit 3): Overcurrent in Discharge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
OCC (Bit 2): Overcurrent in Charge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
COV (Bit 1): Cell Overvoltage
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
CUV (Bit 0): Cell Undervoltage
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
18
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Protection
Protections
Enabled
Protections
B
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Size in
Bytes
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x0F —
Min Max Default Unit
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD OCDL OTF AFE_OVRD UTD UTC OTD OTC
RSVD (Bit 7): Reserved
OCDL (Bit 6): Overcurrent in Discharge Latch
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
OTF (Bit 5): Overtemperature Fault
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
AFE_OVRD (Bit 4): AFE ALERT
0 = Disabled (default)
1 = Enabled
UTD (Bit 3): Undertemperature in Discharge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
UTC (Bit 2): Undertemperature in Charge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
OTD (Bit 1): Overtemperature in Discharge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
OTC (Bit 0): Overtemperature in Charge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
Introduction
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Protection
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD RSVD RSVD OC CTOS CTO PTOS PTO
Enabled
Protections
C
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x15 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
RSVD (Bits 7–5): Reserved. Do not use.
OC (Bit 4): Overcharge
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
CTOS (Bit 3): Charging Timeout Suspended
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
CTO (Bit 2): Charging Timeout
0 = Disabled
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19
Introduction
1 = Enabled
PTOS (Bit 1): Precharging Timeout Suspend
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
PTO (Bit 0): Precharging Timeout
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
3.1.3 Enabled Removal Recovery
The bq78350-R1 offers the option to recover current-based protection by detecting the PRES pin transition
from high to low; for example, the pack is removed and re-inserted into the system.
To enable the replacement recovery, the appropriate bit in Enable Removable Recovery A and Enable
Removable Recovery B should be set. When the bit is set, then the high to low transition of PRES
becomes the only recovery method.
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Table 3-1. Enabled Removal Recovery A
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings Protection
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ASCDL ASCD AOLDL AOLD OCD OCC RSVD RSVD
Enable
Removable
Recovery A
Hex 1 0x00 0xff 0x00 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
ASCDL (Bit 7): ASCDL Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
ASCD (Bit 6): ASCD Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
AOLDL (Bit 5): AOLDL Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
AOLD (Bit 4): AOLD Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
OCD (Bit 3): Precharging Timeout
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
OCC (Bit 2): OCC Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
RSVD (Bits 1–0): Reserved. Do not use.
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Table 3-2. Enabled Removal Recovery B
Class Subclass Name Format Size in Bytes Min Max Default Unit
Settings Protection
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD OCDL RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD RSVD
Enable
Removable
Recovery B
Hex 1 0x00 0xff 0x00 —
RSVD (Bit 7): Reserved. Do not use.
OCDL (Bit 6): OCDL Protection Removal recovery
0 = Standard recovery only enabled (default)
1 = Removal recovery only enabled
RSVD (Bits 5–0): Reserved. Do not use.
3.1.4 FET Action Options for Current Protections
The bq78350-R1 offers the option to turn off the CHG FET during an overcurrent in discharge (OCD),
overcurrent in discharge latch (OCDL), overload (AOLD), overload latch (AOLDL) or short circuit in
discharge (ASCD), short circuit in discharge latch (ASCDL) faults, or the DSG FET in overcurrent in
charge (OCC) faults.
The CHG FET will turn off for the OCD, OCDL, AOLD, AOLDL, ASCD, and ASCDL faults when
[DC_CHG_OFF] in Protection Configuration is set.
The DSG FET will turn off for the OCC faults when [CC_DSG_OFF] in Protection Configuration is set.
Introduction
3.2 Cell Undervoltage Protection
The device can detect undervoltage in batteries and protect cells from damage by preventing further
discharge.
Upon CUV detection, a snapshot of the measured cell voltages are made available in CUVSnapshot().
This snapshot is available until the next instance of a CUV fault, as this causes the data to be updated to
the latest set of measurements.
Status Condition Action
Normal All Cell voltages in CellVoltage1..15() > CUV:Threshold
Alert
Trip
Recovery
Any Cell voltages in CellVoltage1..15() ≤
CUV:Threshold
Any Cell voltages in CellVoltage1..15() ≤
CUV:Threshold for CUV:Delay duration
SafetyStatus()[CUV] = 1 AND
All Cell voltages in CellVoltage1..15() ≥ CUV:Recovery
AND
Protection Configuration[CUV_RECOV_CHG] = 0 OR
[CUV_RECOV_CHG] = 1
AND Charging detected (that is, BatteryStatus[DSG] = 0)
SafetyAlert()[CUV] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TDA] = 0
SafetyAlert()[CUV] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TDA] = 1
SafetyAlert()[CUV] = 0
SafetyStatus()[CUV] = 1
BatteryStatus()[FD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
Discharging is not allowed.
SafetyStatus()[CUV] = 0
BatteryStatus()[FD] = 0, [TDA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
Discharging is allowed.
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Protections
21
Cell Overvoltage Protection
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections CUV Threshold I2 0 5000 2500 mV
Protections CUV Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections CUV Recovery I2 0 5000 3000 mV
3.3 Cell Overvoltage Protection
The device can detect cell overvoltage in batteries and protect cells from damage by preventing further
charging.
Upon COV detection, a snapshot of the measured cell voltages are made available in COVSnapshot().
This snapshot is available until the next instance of a COV fault, as this causes the data to be updated to
the latest set of measurements.
Status Condition Action
Normal All voltages in CellVoltage1..15() < COV:Threshold SafetyAlert()[COV] = 0
Alert Any voltage in CellVoltage1..15() ≥ COV:Threshold
Trip
Recovery
Recovery
Any voltage in CellVoltage1..15() ≥ COV:Threshold
continuous ≥ COV:Threshold for COV:Delay duration
SafetyStatus()[COV] = 1 AND Protection
Configuration:VAUXR = 0
all voltages in CellVoltage1..15() ≤ COV:Recovery
SafetyStatus()[COV] = 1 AND Protection
Configuration:VAUXR = 1
all voltages in CellVoltage1..15() ≤ COV:Recovery AND
VAUXVoltage() < Power:Charger Present Threshold
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SafetyAlert()[COV] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 1
SafetyAlert()[COV] = 0
SafetyStatus()[COV] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
SafetyStatus()[COV] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
SafetyStatus()[COV] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections COV Threshold I2 0 32767 4300 mV
Protections COV Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections COV Recovery I2 0 32767 4100 mV
3.4 Overcurrent in Charge Protection
The device has overcurrent in charge protection that can be configured to specific current and delay
thresholds to accommodate charging behaviors. See Section 3.1.4 for additional FET action options.
Status Condition Action
Normal Current() < OCC:Threshold SafetyAlert()[OCC] = 0
Alert Current() ≥ OCC:Threshold
Trip
Recovery
Current() continuous ≥ OCC:Threshold for
OCC:Delay duration
[SafetyStatus()[OCC] = 1 AND
Current() continuous ≤ OCC:Recovery Threshold
for OCC:Recovery Delay time
SafetyAlert()[OCC] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 1
SafetyAlert()[OCC] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OCC] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 1
Charging is not allowed.
SafetyStatus()[OCC] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 0
Charging is allowed.
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Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit Description
Protections OCC Threshold I2 –32768 32767 6000 mA
Protections OCC Delay U1 0 255 6 s
Protections OCC
Protections OCC
Recovery
Threshold
Recovery
Delay
I2 –32768 32767 –200 mA
U1 0 255 5 s
3.5 Overcurrent in Discharge Protection
The device has two independent overcurrent in discharge protections that can be set to different current
and delay thresholds to accommodate different load behaviors. See Section 3.1.4 for additional FET
action options.
Status Condition Action
Normal Current() > OCD:Threshold SafetyAlert()[OCDL] = 0, if OCDL counter = 0
Alert OCDL counter > 0
Trip
Latch OCDL counter ≥ OCD:Latch Limit
Recovery
Recovery
Latch Reset SafetyStatus()[OCDL] = 1 for OCD: Reset Time
Current() continuous ≤ OCD:Threshold for
OCD:Delay duration
[SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 1 AND Protection
Configuration:VAUXR = 0
Current() continuous ≥ OCD:Recovery Threshold
for OCD:Recovery Delay time
[SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 1 AND Protection
Configuration:VAUXR = 1
Current() continuous ≥ OCD:Recovery Threshold
for OCD:Recovery Delay time OR VAUXVoltage()
≥ Power:Charger Present Threshold
Overcurrent in Discharge Protection
Overcurrent in Charge trip
threshold
Overcurrent in Charge trip
delay
Overcurrent in Charge
recovery threshold
Overcurrent in Charge
recovery delay
SafetyAlert()[OCDL] = 1, Decrement OCDL counter by
one after each OCD:Counter Dec Delay period
SafetyAlert()[OCD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
Increment OCDL counter.
SafetyAlert()[OCDL] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OCDL] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
Discharging is allowed.
SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
Discharging is allowed.
SafetyStatus()[OCDL] = 0
Reset OCDL counter
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
DSG FET returns to normal if SafetyStatus()[OCD] = 0.
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit Description
Protections OCD Threshold I2 –32768 32767 –6000 mA Overcurrent in Discharge trip threshold
Protections OCD Delay U1 0 255 6 s Overcurrent in Discharge trip delay
Protections OCD
Protections OCD
Protections OCDL Latch Limit U1 0 255 0 counts Overcurrent in Discharge latch limit
Protections OCDL
Protections OCDL Reset U1 0 255 15 s Overcurrent in Discharge latch reset delay
Recovery
Threshold
Recovery
Delay
Counter Dec
Delay
I2 –32768 32767 200 mA Overcurrent in Discharge recovery threshold
U1 0 255 5 s Overcurrent in Discharge recovery delay
U1 0 255 10 s
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Overcurrent in Discharge counter decrement
delay
Protections
23
Hardware-Based Protection
3.6 Hardware-Based Protection
The bq78350-R1 device has two main hardware-based protections, AOLD and ASCD, with adjustable
current and delay time. Setting ASCD Threshold and Delay [RSNS] doubles the threshold value. It is
located in bit 8 of the ASCD Threshold Delay register. The Threshold settings are in mV; therefore, the
actual current that triggers the protection is based on the R
For details on how to configure the AFE hardware protection, refer to the tables in the companion data
manual, bq769x0 3-Series to 15-Series Cell Battery Monitor Family for Li-Ion and Phosphate Applications
(SLUSBK2).
All of the hardware-based protections provide a short term Trip/Alert/Recovery protection to account for a
current spike as well as a Trip/Alert/Latch protection for persistent faulty condition. The latch feature also
stops the FETs from toggling on and off continuously, preventing damage to the FETs.
In general, when a fault is detected after the Delay time, the DSG FET will be disabled. However, if
Protection Configuration [LPEN] is set, then both FETs are turned off (Trip stage), and an internal fault
counter will be incremented (Alert stage). As the DSG FET is turned off, the current will drop to 0 mA.
After Recovery time, the CHG and DSG FETs will be turned on again (Recovery stage) unless additional
recovery conditions are enabled.
If the alert is caused by a current spike, the fault count will be decremented after Counter Dec Delay
time. If this is a persistent faulty condition, the device will enter the Trip stage after Delay time, and repeat
the Trip/Alert/Recovery cycle. The internal fault counter is incremented every time the device goes through
the Trip/Alert/Recovery cycle. Once the internal fault counter hits the Latch Limit, the protection enters a
Latch stage and the fault will only be cleared through the Latch Reset condition. If Latch Limit is set to 0, it
will latch after the first detection.
The Trip/Alert/Recovery/Latch stages are documented in each of the following hardware-based protection
sections.
used in the schematic design.
SENSE
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3.6.1 Overload in Discharge Protection
The device has a hardware-based overload in discharge protection with adjustable current and delay. See
Section 3.1.4 for additional FET action options.
Status Condition Action
Normal
Alert AOLDL counter > 0
Trip
Latch AOLDL counter ≥ AOLD:Latch Limit
Recovery
Latch Reset
Current() > (AOLD Threshold and
Delay[3:0]/R
Current() continuous ≤ (AOLD Threshold
and Delay[3:0]/R
and Delay[6:4] duration
SafetyStatus()[AOLD] = 1 for
AOLD:Recovery time OR
If Protection Configuration [LPEN] = 1
AND AFEStatus()[LOAD_PRESENT]= 0
SafetyStatus()[AOLDL] = 1
for AOLD:Reset time
SENSE
)
SENSE
) for AOLD Threshold
SafetyAlert()[AOLDL] = 0, if AOLDL counter = 0
SafetyAlert()[AOLDL] = 1
Decrement AOLDL counter by one after each
AOLD:Counter Dec Delay period
SafetyStatus()[AOLD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
Increment AOLDL counter
SafetyAlert()[AOLDL] = 0
SafetyStatus()[AOLDL] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
SafetyStatus()[AOLD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
DSG FET returns to normal if SafetyStatus[AOLDL] = 0.
SafetyStatus()[AOLDL] = 0
Reset AOLDL counter
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
DSG FET returns to normal if SafetyStatus()[AOLD] = 0.
24
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This register is representative of the bq769x0 PROTECT 2 register.
Hardware-Based Protection
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections AOLD Threshold and Delay H1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 —
Protections AOLD Latch Limit U1 0 255 0 counts
Protections AOLD Counter Dec Delay U1 0 255 10 s
Protections AOLD Recovery U1 0 255 5 s
Protections AOLD Reset U1 0 255 15 s
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings AOLD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD OCD_D2 OCD_D1 OCD_D0 OCD_T3 OCD_T2 OCD_T1 OCD_T0
Threshold and
Delay
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
RSVD (Bit 7): Reserved. Do not use.
OCD_D2:0 (Bits 6–4): OCD Thresholds Delay Time
000 = 8 ms
001 = 20 ms
010 = 40 ms
011 = 80 ms
100 = 160 ms
101 = 320 ms
110 = 640 ms
111 = 1280 ms
OCD_T3:0 (Bits 3–0): OCD Thresholds with RSNS = 1
0000 = 17 mv
0001 = 22 mv
0010 = 28 mv
0011 = 33 mv
0100 = 39 mv
0101 = 44 mv
0110 = 50 mv
0111 = 56 mv
1000 = 61 mv
1001 = 67 mv
1010 = 72 mv
1011 = 78 mv
1100 = 83 mv
1101 = 89 mv
1110 = 94 mv
1111 = 100 mv
OCD_T3:0 (Bits 3–0): OCD Thresholds with RSNS = 0
0000 = 8 mv
0001 = 11 mv
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Hardware-Based Protection
0010 = 14 mv
0011 = 17 mv
0100 = 19 mv
0101 = 25 mv
0110 = 28 mv
0111 = 31 mv
1000 = 31 mv
1001 = 33 mv
1010 = 36 mv
1011 = 39 mv
1100 = 42 mv
1101 = 44 mv
1110 = 47 mv
1111 = 50 mv
3.6.2 Short Circuit in Discharge Protection
The device has a hardware-based short circuit in discharge protection with adjustable current and delay.
See Section 3.1.4 for additional FET action options.
Status Condition Action
Normal
Alert ASCDL counter > 0
Trip
Latch ASCD counter ≥ ASCD:Latch Limit
Recovery
Latch Reset
Current() > (ASCD Threshold and
Delay[2:0]/R
Current() continuous ≤ (ASCD Threshold
and Delay[2:0]/R
and Delay[7:4] duration
SafetyStatus()[ASCD] = 1 for
ASCD:Recovery time
OR
If Protection Configuration [LPEN] = 1
AND AFEStatus()[LOAD_PRESENT] = 0
SafetyStatus()[ASCDL] = 1
for ASCD:Reset time
SENSE
)
) for ASCD Threshold
SENSE
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SafetyAlert()[ASCDL] = 0, if ASCDL counter = 0
SafetyAlert()[ASCDL] = 1
Decrement ASCDL counter by one after each
SCD:Counter Dec Delay period
SafetyStatus()[ASCD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
Increment ASCDL counter
SafetyStatus()[ASCD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[ASCDL] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
DSG FET is disabled.
SafetyStatus()[ASCD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
DSG FET returns to normal if SafetyStatus()[ASCDL] = 0.
SafetyStatus()[ASCDL] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
DSG FET returns to normal if SafetyStatus()[ASCD] = 0.
26
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections ASCD Threshold and Delay H1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 —
Protections ASCD Latch Limit U1 0 255 0 counts
Protections ASCD Counter Dec Delay U1 0 255 10 s
Protections ASCD Recovery U1 0 255 5 s
Protections ASCD Reset U1 0 255 15 s
This register is representative of the bq769x0 PROTECT 1 register.
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Hardware-Based Protection
Class Subclass Name Format
Settings ASCD
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSNS RSVD RSVD SCD_D1 SCD_D0 SCD_T2 SCD_T1 SCD_T0
LEGEND: RSVD = Reserved Location
Threshold and
Delay
Hex 1 0x00 0xFF 0x00 —
Size in
Bytes
Min Max Default Unit
RSNS (Bit 7): AOLD and ASCD Thresholds Divisor
0 = 0.5 × AFE Protection Thresholds (default)
1 = Normal AFE Protection Thresholds
RSVD (Bits 6–5): Reserved. Do not use.
SCD_D1:0 (Bits 4–3): ASCD Delay Time
00 = 70 µs
01 = 100 µs
10 = 200 µs
11 = 400 µs
SCD_T2:0 (Bits 2–0): ASCD Thresholds with RSNS = 1
000 = 44 mv
001 = 67 mv
010 = 89 mv
011 = 111 mv
100 = 133 mv
101 = 155 mv
110 = 178 mv
111 = 200 mv
SCD_T2:0 (Bits 2–0): ASCD Thresholds with RSNS = 0
000 = 22 mv
001 = 33 mv
010 = 44 mv
011 = 56 mv
100 = 67 mv
101 = 78 mv
110 = 89 mv
111 = 100 mv
3.6.3 AFE ALERT OVRD Protection
The device can detect an external override signal sent to the companion bq769x0 AFE that can cause
permanent failure of the battery. This new option provides a temporary fault detection that acts on the
FETs. The permanent failure option is not affected by this change.
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Temperature Protections
Status Condition Action
Normal AFESysStat() [OVRD_ALERT] = 0 SafetyAlert()[AFE_OVRD] = 0
Alert AFESysStat() [OVRD_ALERT] = 1 SafetyAlert()[AFE_OVRD] = 1
Trip
Recovery
AFESysStat() [OVRD_ALERT] = 1 for AFE
External Override Delay duration
AFESysStat() [OVRD_ALERT] = 0 for AFE
External Override Recovery duration
3.7 Temperature Protections
The device provides overtemperature and undertemperature protections based on cell temperature
measurements. The cell temperature based protections are further divided into a protection-in-charging
direction and discharging directions. This section describes in detail each of the protection functions.
For temperature reporting, the device supports a maximum of either three external thermistors or three
internal temperature sensors. The selection of Internal or External temperature sensors is set by
Settings:Temperature Enable[SOURCE]. Unused temperature sensors should be disabled by clearing
the corresponding flag in Settings:Temperature Enable[TS3][TS2][TS1].
The Temperature() command returns the cell temperature measurement. The MAC and extended
command DAStatus2() also returns the temperature measurement from the enabled temperature sensors
and the cell temperature.
The cell temperature based overtemperature and undertemperature safety provide protections in charge
and discharge conditions. The battery pack is considered in CHARGE mode when Battery[DSG] = 0,
where Current() > Chg Current Threshold. The overtemperature and undertemperature in charging
protections are active in this mode. The Battery[DSG] is set to 1 in a NON-CHARGE mode condition,
which includes RELAX and DISCHARGE modes. The overtemperature and undertemperature in
discharge protections are active in these two modes.
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SafetyAlert()[AFE_OVRD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[AFE_OVRD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XCHG, XDSG] = 1
All FETs turn OFF
SafetyAlert()[AFE_OVRD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[AFE_OVRD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG, XDSG] = 0
CHG and DSG FETs allowed to turn ON
3.7.1 Overtemperature in Charge Protection
The device has an overtemperature protection for cells under charge.
Status Condition Action
Normal
Alert
Trip
Recovery
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections OTC Threshold I2 –400 1500 550 0.1°C
Protections OTC Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections OTC Recovery I2 –400 1500 500 0.1°C
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() <
OTC:Threshold OR not charging
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() ≥
OTC:Threshold AND charging
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() ≥
OTC:Threshold AND charging for OTC:Delay
duration
SafetyStatus()[OTC] AND Cell Temperature in
Temperatures() ≤ OTC:Recovery
SafetyAlert()[OTC] = 0
SafetyAlert()[OTC] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 1
SafetyAlert()[OTC] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OTC] = 1
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 1
Charging disabled if FET Options[OTFET] = 1
SafetyStatus()[OTC] = 0
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 0
Charging is allowed if FET Options[OTFET] = 1.
28
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3.7.2 Overtemperature in Discharge Protection
The device has an overtemperature protection for cells in DISCHARGE state (that is, non-charging state
with BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1).
Status Condition Action
Normal
Alert
Trip
Recovery
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections OTD Threshold I2 –400 1500 600 0.1°C
Protections OTD Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections OTD Recovery I2 –400 1500 550 0.1°C
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() <
OTD:Threshold OR charging
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() ≥
OTD:Threshold AND not charging (that is,
BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1)
Cell Temperature in Temperatures() ≥
OTD:Threshold AND not charging (that is,
BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1) for OTD:Delay
duration
SafetyStatus()[OTD] AND Cell Temperature in
Temperatures() ≤ OTD:Recovery
Temperature Protections
SafetyAlert()[OTD] = 0
SafetyAlert()[OTD] = 1
SafetyAlert()[OTD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OTD] = 1
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 1
Discharging is disabled AND OperationStatus()[XDSG] =
1 if FET Options[OTFET] = 1.
SafetyStatus()[OTD] = 0
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 0
Discharging is allowed AND OperationStatus()[XDSG] =
0 if FET Options[OTFET] = 1.
3.7.3 Undertemperature in Charge Protection
The device has an undertemperature protection for cells in charge direction (that is, with
BatteryStatus[DSG] = 0).
Status Condition Action
Normal Temperature() > UTC:Threshold OR not charging SafetyAlert()[UTC] = 0
Alert Temperature() ≤ UTC:Threshold AND charging SafetyAlert()[UTC] = 1
Trip
Recovery
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections UTC Threshold I2 –400 1500 0 0.1°C
Protections UTC Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections UTC Recovery I2 –400 1500 50 0.1°C
Temperature() ≤ UTC:Threshold AND
Charging for UTC:Delay duration
SafetyStatus()[UTC] AND
Temperature() ≥ UTC:Recovery
3.7.4 Undertemperature in Discharge Protection
The device has an undertemperature protection for cells in DISCHARGE state (that is, non-charging state
with BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1).
Status Condition Action
Normal Temperature() > UTD:Threshold OR charging SafetyAlert()[UTD] = 0
Alert
Trip
Temperature() ≤ UTD:Threshold AND
Not charging (that is, BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1)
Temperature() ≤ UTD:Threshold AND
Not charging (that is, BatteryStatus[DSG] = 1) for
UTD:Delay duration
SafetyAlert()[UTC] = 0
SafetyStatus()[UTC] = 1
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 1
SafetyStatus()[UTC] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG] = 0
SafetyAlert()[UTD] = 1
SafetyAlert()[UTD] = 0
SafetyStatus()[UTD] = 1
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 1
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Temperature Protections
Status Condition Action
Recovery
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections UTD Threshold I2 –400 1500 0 0.1°C
Protections UTD Delay U1 0 255 2 s
Protections UTD Recovery I2 –400 1500 50 0.1°C
SafetyStatus()[UTD] AND
Temperature() ≥ UTD:Recovery
3.7.5 Overtemperature FET Protection
The device has an overtemperature protection to limit the FET temperature.
NOTE: This feature is only available when using the bq76930x or bq76940x device: There is only
one external TS available in the bq76920 and this is used for cell temperature.
Status Condition Action
Normal FETTemperature() < OTF:Threshold SafetyAlert()[OTF] = 0
Alert FETTemperature() ≥ OTF:Threshold
Trip
Recovery
FETTemperature() ≥ OTF:Threshold for
OTF:Delay duration
SafetyStatus()[OTF] AND FETTemperature() ≤
OTF:Recovery
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SafetyStatus()[UTD] = 0
OperationStatus()[XDSG] = 0
SafetyAlert()[OTF] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TDA] = 1, [TCA] = 1
SafetyAlert()[OTF] = 0
SafetyStatus()[OTF] = 1
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TDA] = 0, [TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG][XDSG] = 1,1 if FET
Options[OTFET] = 1
SafetyStatus()[OTF] = 0
BatteryStatus()[OTA] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TDA] = 0, [TCA] = 0
OperationStatus()[XCHG][XDSG] = 0,0
3.8 Precharge Timeout Protection
The device can measure the precharge time and stop charging if it exceeds the adjustable period.
Status Condition Action
Enable
Suspend or Recovery Current() < PTO:Suspend Threshold
Trip PTO timer > PTO:Delay
Reset
Class Subclass Name Type Min Max Default Unit
Protections PTO Charge Threshold I2 –32768 32767 2000 mA
Protections PTO Suspend Threshold I2 –32768 32767 1800 mA
Protections PTO Delay U2 0 65535 1800 s
Protections PTO Reset I2 –32768 32767 2 mAh
Current() > PTO:Charge Threshold AND
ChargingStatus()[PCHG] = 1
SafetyStatus()[PTO] = 1 AND
(Discharge by an amount of PTO:Reset)
Start PTO timer
SafetyAlert()[PTOS] = 0
Stop PTO timer
SafetyAlert()[PTOS] = 1
Stop PTO timer
SafetyStatus()[PTO] = 1
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 1
Charging is not allowed.
Stop and reset PTO timer
SafetyAlert()[PTOS] = 0
SafetyStatus()[PTO] = 0
BatteryStatus()[TCA] = 0
Charging is allowed.
30
Protections
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