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bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MA Y 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

D Provides Accurate Measurement of

Available Charge in Li-Ion Batteries

D Supports the 2-Wire SMBus V1.1 Interface

With PEC or Single-Wire HDQ16

D Directly Interfaces the Seiko S-8243

Protection IC for Maximum Safety Protection and Minimal Component Count

D Supports Internal or External Thermistor D Reports Individual Cell Voltages D Uses 15-Bit ADC for Accurate Voltage,

T emperature, and Current Measurements

D Measures Charge Flow Using A V-to-F

Converter With Offset of Less Than 16 µV After Calibration

HDQ16

ESCL

ESDA

RBI

REG

VOUT

VCC

VSS CTL2 CTL3 CTL4 LED1 LED2 LED3

SSOP (DBQ) PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15

D Consumes Less Than 0.5 mW Operating D Drives 4- or 5-Segment LED Display for

Remaining Capacity Indication

D 28-Pin 150-Mil SSOP

description

The bq2063 SBS-compliant gas gauge IC for battery-pack or in-system installation maintains an accurate record of available charge in Li-Ion batteries. The bq2063 monitors capacity and other critical parameters in Li-Ion battery packs. It also directly interfaces the Seiko S-8243 protection IC to minimize component count in smart-battery circuits.

SMBC SMBD SAFETY GND GND VCELL SR1 SR2 SRC TS THON DISP LED5 LED4

The bq2063 uses a V-to-F converter with automatic offset correction for charge and discharge counting. For voltage, temperature, and current reporting, the bq2063 uses an A-to-D converter. In conjunction with the S-8243, the onboard ADC also monitors individual cell voltages in a Li-Ion battery pack and allows the bq2063 to generate control signals to enhance pack safety.

The bq2063 supports the smart battery data (SBData) commands and charge-control functions. It communicates data using the system management bus (SMBus) 2-wire protocol or the 1-wire HDQ16 protocol. The data available include the battery’s remaining capacity, temperature, voltage, current, and remaining run-time predictions. The bq2063 provides LED drivers and a push-button input to depict remaining battery capacity from full to empty in 20% or 25% increments with a 4- or 5-segment display.

The bq2063 works with an external EEPROM. The EEPROM stores the configuration information for the bq2063, such as the battery’s chemistry, self-discharge rate, rate-compensation factors, measurement calibration, and design voltage and capacity . The bq2063 uses the programmable self-discharge rate and other compensation factors stored in the EEPROM to accurately adjust remaining capacity for use and standby conditions based on time, rate, and temperature. The bq2063 also automatically calibrates or learns the true battery capacity in the course of a discharge cycle from programmable near full to near empty levels.

The S-8243 protection IC may be used to provide power to the bq2063 from a 3- or 4-series Li-Ion cell stack.

AVAILABLE OPTIONS

PACKAGE

–20°C to 70°C bq2063DBQ

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

28-LEAD SSOP

(DBQ)

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

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bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME No.

CTL2–CTL4 9–11 O 3-state outputs to interface the S-8243 protection IC DISP 17 I Display control for the LED drivers LED1–LED5 ESCL 2 O Serial memory clock for data transfer between the bq2063 and the external nonvolatile configuration memory ESDA 3 I/O Bidirectional pin that transfers address and data to and from the bq2063 and the external nonvolatile

GND 24–25 Must be tied externally to VSS HDQ16 1 I/O Serial communication open-drain bidirectional communications port LED1–LED5 12–16 O LED display segments that each may drive an external LED RBI 4 I Register backup that provides backup potential to the bq2063 registers during periods of low operating

REG 5 O Regular output to control an n-JFET for Vcc regulation to the bq2063 from the battery potential SAFETY 26 O Open-drain output for an additional level of safety protection (e.g., fuse blow) SMBC 28 I/O SMBus clock open-drain bidirectional pin used to clock the data transfer to and from the bq2063 SMBD 27 I/O SMBus data open-drain bidirectional pin used to transfer address and data to and from the bq2063 SRC 20 I Current-sense voltage to monitor instantaneous current SR1–SR2 22–21 I Connections for a small-value sense resistor to monitor the battery charge- and discharge-current flow THON 18 O Control for external FET s to connect the thermistor bias resistor during a temperature measurement TS 19 I Thermistor voltage input connection to monitor temperature VCC 7 I Supply voltage VCELL 23 I Single-cell voltage input that monitors the series element cell voltages from the S-8243 VOUT 6 O VCC output that supplies power to the external EEPROM configuration memory VSS 8 Ground

I/O

configuration memory

voltage. RBI accepts a storage capacitor or a battery input

DESCRIPTION

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

Supply voltage (V Input voltage, V Operating free-air temperature range, T Storage temperature range, T Junction temperature range, T

with respect to VSS) 6 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

, all other pins (all with respect to VSS) 6 V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(IN)

STG

–40°C to 125°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

–20°C to 70°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

–20°C to 70°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Lead temperature (soldering, 10 s) 300°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

electrical characteristics for VCC = 2.7 V to 3.7 V, TA = –20°C to 70°C (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

(SLP)

(LVOUT)VOUT

(VOUT)VOUT

(OLS)

(IL)

(ILS)

(IHS)

(AI)

(RB)

(RBI)

(AI1)

(AI2)

Supply voltage 2.7 3.3 3.7 V Operating current VOUT inactive 180 235 Low-power storage mode current 1.5 V < VCC < 3.7 V 5 10

leakage current VOUT inactive –0.2 0.2 source current

Output voltage low: (LED1–LED5, CTL2–4) I Input voltage low DISP –0.3 0.8 V Input voltage high DISP 2 VCC + 0.3 V Output voltage low SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL,

ESDA, THON Input voltage low SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL, ESDA –0.3 0.8 V Input voltage high SMBC, SMBD, HDQ16, ESCL, ESDA 1.7 6 V Input voltage range VCELL, TS, SRC VSS – 0.3 1.25 V RBI data-retention input current V RBI data-retention voltage 1.3 V Input impedance SR1, SR2 0 V–1.25 V 10 Input impedance VCELL, TS, SRC 0 V–1.25 V 5

VOUT active, V

= VCC – 0.6 V

OUT

= 5 mA 0.4 V

(OLS)

IOL = 1 mA 0.4 V

> 3 V, VCC < 2 V 10 50 nA

(RBI)

–5 mA

MΩ MΩ

µA µA µA

VFC characteristics, VCC = 3.1 V to 3.5 V, TA= 0°C to 70°C (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

(SR)

(SROS)

(SRCOS)

VCO

(TCO)

INL Integral nonlinearity error TA = 0°C to 50°C 0.21%

NOTE 1: RM

Input voltage range, V Input offset V Calibrated offset –16 16 Supply voltage gain coefficient VCC = 3.5 V 0.8 1.2 %/V

Temperature gain coefficient (see Note 1)

total deviation is from the nominal VFC gain at 25°C.

(TCO)

(SR2)

and V

(SR1)

VSR = V

(SR2)

Slope for TA = –20°C to 70°C –0.09 0.09 Total Deviation TA = –20°C to 70°C –1.6% 0.1% Slope for TA = –0°C to 50°C Total Deviation TA = –0°C to 50°C –0.6% 0.1%

(SR2)

= V

– V

(SR1)

, autocorrection disabled –250 –50 250

(SR1)

–0.25 0.25 V

–0.05 0.05

REG characteristics (see Note 2)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

(RO)

REG

NOTE 2: Characteristics for internal bq2063 regulator control. Leave REG pin open when using regulated voltage from S-8243.

REG controlled output voltage REG

(output current)

JFET: R

(on) < 150 Ω

(ds)

(off) ≤ –3 V at 10 µA

(gs)

3.1 3.3 3.5 V 1

µV µV

%/°C

µA

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bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

SMBus ac specifications, TA = –20°C to 70°C, 2.7 V < VCC < 3.7 V (unless other noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

SMB

MAS

BUF

HD:STA

SU:STA

SU:STO

HD:DAT

SU:DAT

TIMEOUT

LOW

HIGH

LOW:SEXT

LOW:MEXT

NOTES: 3. The bq2063 times out when any clock low exceeds T

SMBus operating frequency Slave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycle 10 100 kHz SMBus master clock frequency Master mode, no clock low slave extend 51.2 kHz Bus free time between start and stop 4.7 µs Hold time after (repeated) start 4.0 µs Repeated start setup time 4.7 µs Stop setup time 4.0 µs

Data hold time Data setup time 250 µs

Error signal/detect See Note 3 25 35 ms Clock low period 4.7 µs Clock high period See Note 4 4.0 50 µs Cumulative clock low slave extend time See Note 5 25 ms Cumulative clock low master extend time See Note 6 10 ms

4. T

5. T

6. T

Max. is minimum bus idle time. SMBC = SMBD = 1 for t > 50 µs causes reset of any transaction involving bq2063 that is in

HIGH

progress.

LOW:SEXT LOW:MEXT

is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.

is the cumulative time a master device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.

Receive mode 0 Transmit mode

TIMEOUT

300

µs

HDQ16 ac specifications, TA = –20°C to 70°C, 2.7 V < VCC < 3.7 V (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT

CYCH

CYCB

STRH

STRB

DSU

DSUB

(DH)

SSU

SSUB

RSPS

Cycle time, host to bq2063 (write) 190 µs Cycle time, bq2063 to host (read) 190 205 250 µs Start hold time, host to bq2063 (write) 5 µs Start hold time, bq2063 to host (read) 32 µs Data setup time 50 µs Data setup time 50 µs Data hold time 100 µs Data valid time 80 µs Stop setup time 145 µs Stop setup time 145 µs Response time, bq2063 to host 190 320 µs Break time 190 µs Break recovery time 40 µs

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Figures 1–4 illustrate the diagrams for the bq2063.

SMBC

HD:STA

SU:STA

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

HIGH

LOW

HD:DAT

bq2063

SMBD

STRH

SU:STO

BUF

DSU

SU:DAT

Figure 1. SMBus Timing Data

Figure 2. HDQ16 Break Timing

Write 1

Write 0

SSU

CYCH

STRB

DSUB

Figure 3. HDQ16 Host to bq2063

SSUB

CYCB

Figure 4. HDQ16 bq2063 to Host

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

functional description

general operation

The bq2063 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input or removed from a rechargeable battery. In addition to measuring charge and discharge, the bq2063 measures battery voltage, temperature, and current, estimates battery self-discharge, and monitors the battery for low-voltage thresholds. The bq2063 measures charge and discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series sense resistor between the battery’s negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The available battery charge is determined by monitoring this voltage and correcting the measurement for environmental and operating conditions.

The bq2063 accepts an NTC thermistor (Semitec 103A T) for temperature measurement or can be configured for internal IC measurement. The bq2063 uses temperature to monitor battery pack and to compensate the self-discharge estimate.

measurements

The bq2063 uses a fully differential, dynamically balanced voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) for charge measurement and a sigma delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for battery voltage, current, and temperature measurement.

Voltage, current, and temperature measurements are made every 2–2.2 seconds, depending on the bq2063 operating mode. Maximum times occur with compensated EDV, mWh mode, and maximum allowable discharge rate. Any AtRate computations requested or scheduled (every 20 seconds) may add up to 0.5 seconds to the time interval.

charge and discharge counting

The VFC measures the charge and discharge flow of the battery by monitoring a small-value sense resistor between the SR1 and SR2 pins as shown in Figure 13. The VFC measures bipolar signals up to 250 mV. The bq2063 detects charge activity when V V

= V

(SR2)–V(SR1)

is negative. The bq2063 continuously integrates the signal over time using an internal

= V

(SR2)–V(SR1)

is positive and discharge activity when

counter. The fundamental rate of the counter is 6.25 µVh.

offset calibration

The bq2063 provides an auto-calibration feature to cancel the voltage offset error across SR

and SR2 for

maximum charge measurement accuracy. The calibration routine is initiated by issuing a command to ManufacturerAccess( ). The bq2063 is capable of automatic offset calibration down to 6.25µV. Offset cancellation resolution is less than 1 µV.

digital filter

The bq2063 does not measure charge or discharge counts below the digital filter threshold. The digital filter threshold is programmed in the EEPROM and should be set sufficiently high to prevent false signal detection with no charge or discharge flowing through the sense resistor.

voltage

While monitoring SR

and SR2 for charge and discharge currents, the bq2063 monitors the battery-pack

potential and the individual cell voltages through the VCELL pin. The bq2063 measures the voltage of three or four series elements in a battery pack. CTL3 and CTL4 signal the S-8243 to present the cell voltages at the VCELL input of the bq2063 according to T able 1 1. The bq2063 calculates the pack voltage and reports the result in Voltage( ). The individual cell voltages are stored in the optional manufacturer function area.

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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

functional description (continued)

current

The SRC input of the bq2063 measures battery charge and discharge current. The SRC ADC input converts the current signal from the series sense resistor and stores the result in Current( ). The full-scale input range to SBC is limited to ±250 mV.

temperature

The bq2063 can use its internal sensor or an external thermistor to develop the temperature reading, depending on the programming of the EXTH bit in Pack Configuration, EE 0x3f.

The TS input of the bq2063 in conjunction with an NTC thermistor measures the battery temperature as shown in Figure 13. The bq2063 reports temperature in Temperature( ). THON through the external thermistor when the bq2063 samples the TS input. THON the temperature is measured, and high impedance otherwise.

gas gauge operation

general

The operational overview in Figure 5 illustrates the gas gauge operation of the bq2063. Table 2 describes the bq2063 registers.

may be used to switch the bias current

is low impedance for 60 ms when

bq2063

Inputs

Main Counters and

Capacity Reference (FCC)

Outputs

Charge

Current

Charge

Efficiency

Compensation

Battery Load and Light

Discharge Estimate

– –

– ++

Remaining

Capacity

(RM)

Chip-Controlled

Available Charge

LED Display

≤

Discharge

Current

Full

Charge

Capacity

(FCC)

Temperature, Other Data

Two-Wire

Serial Port

Qualified

Transfer

Self-Discharge

Timer

Temperature

Compensation

Discharge

Count

(DCR)

Figure 5. bq2063 Operational Overview

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

general (continued)

The bq2063 accumulates a measure of charge and discharge currents and estimates self-discharge of the battery . The bq2063 compensates the charge current measurement for temperature and state-of-charge of the battery. The bq2063 also adjusts the self-discharge estimation based on temperature.

The main charge counter RemainingCapacity( ) (RM) represents the available capacity or energy in the battery at any given time. The bq2063 adjusts RM for charge, self-discharge, and leakage compensation factors. The information in the RM register is accessible through the communications ports and is also represented through the LED display.

The FullChargeCapacity( ) (FCC) register represents the last measured full discharge of the battery. It is used as the battery’s full-charge reference for relative capacity indication. The bq2063 updates FCC after the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. FCC is accessible through the serial communications ports.

The Discharge Count Register (DCR) is a non-accessible register that tracks discharge of the battery. The bq2063 uses the DCR register to update the FCC register if the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. In this way , the bq2063 learns the true discharge capacity of the battery under system use conditions.

main gas-gauge registers

The gas-gauge register functions are described in Table 2.

RemainingCapacity( ) (RM)

RM represents the remaining capacity in the battery. The bq2063 computes RM in either mAh or 10 mWh depending on the selected mode.

RM counts up during charge to a maximum value of FCC and down during discharge and self-discharge to 0. In addition to charge and self-discharge compensation, the bq2063 calibrates RM at three low-battery-voltage thresholds, EDV2, EDV1, and EDV0 and three programmable midrange thresholds VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. This provides a voltage-based calibration to the RM counter.

DesignCapacity( ) (DC)

The DC is the user-specified battery full capacity. It is calculated from Pack Capacity EE 0x3a-0x3b and is represented in mAh or 10 mWh. It also represents the full-battery reference for the absolute display mode.

FullChargeCapacity( ) (FCC)

FCC is the last measured discharge capacity of the battery. It is represented in either mAh or 10 mWh, depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2063 sets FCC to the value stored in Last Measured Discharge EE 0x38-0x39. During subsequent discharges, the bq2063 updates FCC with the last measured discharge capacity of the battery . The last measured discharge of the battery is based on the value in the DCR register after a qualified discharge occurs. Once updated, the bq2063 writes the new FCC value to EEPROM in mAh to Last Measured Discharge. FCC represents the full battery reference for the relative display mode and relative state of charge calculations.

discharge count register (DCR)

The DCR register counts up during discharge, independent of RM. DCR can continue to count even after RM has counted down to 0. Before RM = 0, discharge activity , light discharge estimation, battery load estimation, and self-discharge increment DCR. After RM = 0, the bq2063 does not apply self-discharge and DCR increments only because of discharge activity, light discharge estimation, and battery load estimation. The bq2063 initializes DCR, at the beginning of a discharge, to FCC – RM when RM is within twice the programmed value in Near Full EE 0x55. The DCR initial value of FCC – RM is reduced by FCC/128 if SC = 0 (bit 2 in Control Mode) and is not reduced if SC = 1. DCR stops counting when the battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold on discharge.

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

gas gauge operation (continued)

capacity learning (FCC update) and qualified discharge

The bq2063 updates FCC with an amount based on the value in DCR if a qualified discharge occurs. The new value for FCC equals the DCR value plus the programmable nearly full and low battery levels, according to the following equation:

bq2063

FCC (new) + DCR (final) + DCR (initial) ) Measured Discharge to EDV2) (FCC Battery Low%)

Battery Low % = (value stored in EE 0x54) ÷ 2.56

A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM ≥ FCC – Near Full × 2 to the EDV2 voltage threshold with the following conditions:

(1)

D No valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as a charge of 10 mAh

into the battery.

D No more than 256 mAh of self-discharge, battery load estimation, and/or light discharge estimation occurs

during the discharge period.

D The temperature does not drop below the low temperature thresholds programmed in Max T_LowT or 12°C

during the discharge period. The threshold depends on the programming of the LLTF bit in Pack Programming, EE 0x63.

D The battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold during the discharge period and the voltage was less than

the EDV2 threshold minus 256 mV when the bq2063 detected EDV2.

D No midrange voltage correction occurs during the discharge period. D Current remains ≥ 3C/32 or C/32, depending on Pack Programming selection, when EDV2 or Battery Low

% level is reached.

The bq2063 sets VDQ=1 in Pack Status when qualified discharge begins. The bq2063 sets VDQ=0 if any disqualifying condition occurs. FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256 mAh or increased by more than 512 mAh during any single update cycle. The bq2063 saves the new FCC value to the EEPROM within 4 seconds of being updated.

end-of-discharge thresholds and capacity correction

The bq2063 monitors the battery for three low-voltage thresholds, EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. The EDV thresholds can be programmed for determination based on the overall pack voltage or an individual cell level. The EDVV bit in Pack Programming configures the bq2063 for overall voltage or single-cell EDV thresholds. If programmed for single cell EDV determination, the bq2063 determines EDV on the basis of the lowest single-cell voltage. Fixed EDV thresholds may be programmed in EDVF/EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73, EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74-0x75, and EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78-0x79. If the CEDV bit in Pack Configuration is set, automatic EDV compensation is enabled and the bq2063 computes the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds based on the values in EE 0x72-0x7d, 0x06, and the battery’s current discharge rate and temperature. The bq2063 disables EDV detection if Current( ) exceeds the Overload Current threshold programmed in EE 0x46 – EE 0x47. The bq2063 resumes EDV threshold detection after Current( ) drops below the overload current threshold. Any EDV threshold detected is reset after 10 mAh of charge are applied.

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bq2063

ACCESS

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

end-of-discharge thresholds and capacity correction (continued)

Table 1. State of Charge Based on Low Battery V oltage

THRESHOLD RELATIVE STATE

EDV0 0% EDV1 3% EDV2 Battery Low %

OF CHARGE

The bq2063 uses the EDV thresholds to apply voltage-based corrections to the RM register according to Table 1. The bq2063 performs EDV-based RM adjustments with Current( ) ≥ C/32. No EDVs are set if current < C/32. The bq2063 adjusts RM as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the corresponding capacity on discharge, the bq2063 reduces RM to the appropriate amount as shown in T able 1. This reduction occurs only if current ≥ C/32 when the EDV threshold is detected. If RM reaches the capacity level before the voltage threshold is reached on discharge, the bq2063 prevents RM from decreasing further until the battery voltage reaches the corresponding threshold only on a full learning cycle discharge. RM is not held at the associated EDV percentage on a nonlearning discharge cycle (VDQ=0) or if current < C/32.

Table 2. bq2063 Register Functions

FUNCTION

ManufacturerAccess 0x00 0x00 read/write NA RemainingCapacityAlarm 0x01 0x01 read/write mAh, 10 mWh RemainingTimeAlarm 0x02 0x02 read/write minutes BatteryMode 0x03 0x03 read/write NA AtRate 0x04 0x04 read/write mA, 10mW AtRateTimeToFull 0x05 0x05 read minutes AtRateTimeToEmpty 0x06 0x06 read minutes AtRateOK 0x07 0x07 read Boolean Temperature 0x08 0x08 read 0.1°K Voltage 0x09 0x09 read mV Current 0x0a 0x0a read mA AverageCurrent 0x0b 0x0b read mA MaxError 0x0c 0x0c read percent RelativeStateOfCharge 0x0d 0x0d read percent AbsoluteStateOfCharge 0x0e 0x0e read percent RemainingCapacity 0x0f 0x0f read mAh, 10 mWh FullChargeCapacity 0x10 0x10 read mAh, 10 mWh RunTimeToEmpty 0x11 0x11 read minutes AverageTimeToEmpty 0x12 0x12 read minutes AverageTimeToFull 0x13 0x13 read minutes ChargingCurrent 0x14 0x14 read mA ChargingVoltage 0x15 0x15 read mV Battery Status 0x16 0x16 read NA CycleCount 0x17 0x17 read cycles DesignCapacity 0x18 0x18 read mAh, 10 mWh DesignVoltage 0x19 0x19 read mV SpecificationInfo 0x1a 0x1a read NA ManufactureDate 0x1b 0x1b read NA

COMMAND CODE

SMBus HDQ16

ACCESS (SMBus)

UNITS

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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

ACCESS

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

Table 2. bq2063 Register Functions (Continued)

bq2063

FUNCTION

SerialNumber 0x1c 0x1c read integer Reserved 0x1d-0x1f 0x1d–0x1f — — ManufacturerName 0x20 0x20–0x25 read string DeviceName 0x21 0x28–0x2b read string DeviceChemistry 0x22 0x30–0x32 read string ManufacturerData 0x23 0x38–0x3b read string Pack Status 0x2f (LSB) 0x2f (LSB) read/write NA Pack Configuration 0x2f (MSB) 0x2f (MSB) read/write NA VCELL4 0x3c 0x3c read/write mV VCELL3 0x3d 0x3d read/write mV VCELL2 0x3e 0x3e read/write mV VCELL1 0x3f 0x3f read/write mV

COMMAND CODE

SMBus HDQ16

ACCESS (SMBus)

UNITS

self-discharge

The bq2063 estimates the self-discharge of the battery to maintain an accurate measure of the battery capacity during periods of inactivity. The algorithm for self-discharge estimation takes a programmed estimate for the expected self-discharge rate at 25°C stored in EEPROM and makes a fixed reduction to RM of an amount equal to RemainingCapacity( )/256. The bq2063 makes the fixed reduction at a varying time interval that is adjusted to achieve the desired self-discharge rate. This method maintains a constant granularity of 0.39% for each self-discharge adjustment, which may be performed multiple times per day, instead of once per day with a potentially large reduction.

The self-discharge estimation rate for 25°C is doubled for each 10 degrees above 25°C or halved for each 10 degrees below 25°C. The following table shows the relation of the self-discharge estimation at a given temperature to the rate programmed for 25°C (Y% per day).

Table 3. Self-Discharge for Rate Programmed

TEMPERATURE

(°C)

Temp < 10 1/4 Y% per day 10 ≤ Temp <20 1/2 Y% per day 20 ≤ Temp <30 Y% per day 30 ≤ Temp <40 2Y% per day 40 ≤ Temp <50 4Y% per day 50 ≤ Temp <60 8Y% per day 60 ≤ Temp <70 16Y% per day

70≤ Temp 32Y% per day

SELF-DISCHARGE RATE

The interval at which RM is reduced is given by the following equation, where n is the appropriate factor of 2 (n = 1/4, 1/2,1, 2, . . . ):

Self-Discharge Update Time +

640 • 13500

256 • n • (Y% per day)

seconds

(2)

Example: If T = 35°C (n = 2) and programmed self-discharge rate Y is 2.5% per day at 25°C, the bq2063 reduces RM by RM/256 (0.39%) every

640 • 13500

256 • 2 • 2.5

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+ 6750 seconds

(3)

bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

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self-discharge (continued)

The timer that keeps track of the self-discharge update time is halted whenever charge activity is detected. The timer is reset to zero if the bq2063 reaches the RemainingCapacity( )=FullChargeCapacity() condition while charging.

CAPACITY

TIME

1200

1000

800

TA = 15°C

600

TA = 25°C

Capacity – mAh

400

TA = 35°C

200

TA = 45°C

0 10203040506070

Time – Days

Figure 6. Self-Discharge at 2.5%/Day at 25°C

This means that a 0.39% reduction of RM is made 12.8 times per day to achieve the desired 5% per day reduction at 35°C.

Figure 6 illustrates how the self-discharge estimate algorithm adjusts RemainingCapacity( ) vs temperature.

light discharge or suspend current compensation

The bq2063 can be configured in two ways to compensate for small discharge currents that produce a signal below the digital filter. First, the bq2063 can decrement RM and DCR at a rate determined by the value stored in Light Discharge Current EE 0x64 when it detects no discharge activity and the SMBC and SMBD lines are high. Light Discharge Current has a range of 0 mA to 11.2 mA, with 44 µA granularity.

Alternatively , the bq2063 can be configured to disable the digital filter for discharge when the SMBC and SMBD lines are high. In this way , the digital filter does not mask the leakage-current signal. The bq2063 is configured in this mode by setting the NDF bit in Control Mode.

battery electronic load compensation

The bq2063 can be configured to compensate for a constant load present in the battery pack at all times, such as from battery electronics. The bq2063 applies the compensation continuously when the charge or discharge is below the digital filter. The bq2063 applies the compensation in addition to self-discharge. The compensation occurs at a rate determined by the value stored in Pack Load Estimate EE 0x1c. The compensation range is 0 µA–700 µA in steps of approximately 2.75 µA.

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SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

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midrange capacity corrections

The bq2063 applies midrange capacity corrections when the VCOR bit is set in Pack Configuration. The bq2063 adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three different voltage levels: VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. The VOC values represent the open circuit battery voltage at which RM corresponds to the associated for each threshold.

For the midrange corrections to occur, the temperature must be in the range of 19°C to 31°C inclusive and the Current( ) and AverageCurrent( ) must both be between –64 mA and 0. The bq2063 makes midrange corrections as shown in T able 4. For a correction to occur , the bq2063 must detect the need for correction twice during subsequent 20-s intervals. With the VCOR bit set, the bq2063 makes mid-range corrections whenever conditions permit. If the OTVC bit in Pack Configuration is set and VCOR = 0, the bq2063 makes a single attempt of mid-range correction immediately after device reset and does not require a second validation. The OTVC bit read by command code 0x2f is cleared within 2 seconds after a device reset, when the midrange voltage correction attempt is made.

Table 4. Midrange Corrections

CONDITION RESULT

Voltage() ≥ VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 63% RelativeStateOfCharge( )→75%

< VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 87% RelativeStateOfCharge( )→75% ≥VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 38% RelativeStateOfCharge()→50% <VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 62% RelativeStateOfCharge( )→50% ≥ VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≤ 13% RelativeStateOfCharge( )→25% < VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) ≥ 37% RelativeStateOfCharge( )→25%

bq2063

charge control

charging voltage and current broadcasts

The bq2063 supports SBS charge control by broadcasting the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) to the Smart Charger address. The bq2063 broadcasts the requests every 10 seconds. The bq2063 updates the values used in the charging current and voltage broadcasts based on the battery’s state of charge, voltage, and temperature. The charge voltage is programmed in Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b. The charge current may take any of four different values and depends on charge state and operating conditions.

The bq2063 internal charge control is compatible with the constant current/constant voltage profile for Li-Ion. The bq2063 detects primary charge termination on the basis of the tapering charge current during the constant-voltage phase.

alarm broadcasts to smart charger and host

If any of the bits 8–15 in BatteryStatus( ) are set, the bq2063 broadcasts an AlarmWarning( ) message to the Host address. If any of the bits 12–15 in BatteryStatus( ) are set, the bq2063 also sends an AlarmWarning( ) message to the Smart Charger address. The bq2063 repeats the AlarmWarning( ) messages every 10 seconds until the alarm bits are cleared.

precharge qualification

The bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to the precharge rate as programmed in Pre-charge Current EE 0x1e under the following conditions:

D Voltage: The bq2063 requests the precharge charge rate when Voltage( ) or the lowest cell voltage drops

below the EDVF threshold or when the EDV0 threshold is detected. Once requested, a precharge rate remains until Voltage( ) or the lowest cell voltage increases above the EDVF threshold. The EDVF threshold is programmed in EDVF/ EDV0 EE 0x72-0x73.

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D Temperature: The bq2063 requests the precharge rate when Temperature( ) is between 0°C and the low

temperature fault (L TF) threshold programmed in MaxT_LowT. T emperature( ) must be equal to or greater than the L TF threshold to allow the fast-charge rate. The L TF threshold is programmed in the lower nibble of MaxT_LowT EE 0x45.

charge suspension

The bq2063 may temporarily suspend charge if it detects a charging fault. A charging fault includes the following conditions.

D Overcurrent: An overcurrent condition exists when the bq2063 measures the charge current to be more

than Overcurrent Margin plus ChargingCurrent( ). Overcurrent Margin is programmed in EE 0x49. On detecting an overcurrent condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in Battery Status( ). The overcurrent condition and TERMINA TE_CHARGE_ALARM are cleared when the measured current drops below Overcurrent Margin.

D Overvoltage: An overvoltage condition exists when the bq2063 measures the battery voltage to be more

than Overvoltage Margin plus ChargingVoltage( ), or when a Li-Ion cell voltage has exceeded the overvoltage limit programmed in Cell Under/Overvoltage. Overvoltage Margin is programmed in EE 0x48 and Cell Under/Over Voltage in EE 0x4a. On detecting an overvoltage condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit in BatteryStatus( ). The bq2063 clears the TERMINA TE_ CHARGE_ALARM bit when it detects that the battery is no longer being charged (DISCHARGING bit set in BatteryStatus( )). The bq2063 continues to broadcast zero charging current until the overvoltage condition is cleared. The overvoltage condition is cleared when the measured battery voltage drops below the ChargingVoltage( ) plus the Overvoltage Margin and all cell voltages are less than the Cell Under/Over Voltage threshold.

D Overtemperature: An overtemperature condition exists when T emperature( ) is greater than or equal to the

Max T value programmed in EE 0x45 (MSN). On detecting an overtemperature condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the OVER_TEMP_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM bit in BatteryStatus( ) and the CVOV bit in Pack Status. The overtemperature condition is cleared when Temperature( ) is equal to or below (MaxT –5°C) or 43°C.

D Overcharge: An overcharge condition exists if the battery is charged more than the Maximum Overcharge

value after RM = FCC. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in EE 0x2e-0x2f. On detecting an overcharge condition, the bq2063 sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and sets the OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TERMINA TE_CHARGE_ ALARM, and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus( ). The bq2063 clears the OVER_ CHARGED_ALARM and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM when it detects that the battery is no longer being charged. The FULL Y_CHARGED bit remains set and the bq2063 continues to broadcast zero charging current until RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is less than Fully Charged Clear% programmed in EE 0x4c. The counter used to track overcharge capacity is reset with 2 mAh of discharge.

D Undertemperature: An undertemperature condition exists if Temperature( ) < 0°C. On detecting an under

temperature condition, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero. The bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to the appropriate precharge rate or fast-charge rate when Temperature( ) ≥ 0°C.

primary charge termination

The bq2063 terminates charge if it detects a charge-termination condition based on current taper. A charge-termination condition includes the following:

For current taper, ChargingVoltage( ) must be set to the pack voltage desired during the constant-voltage phase of charging. The bq2063 detects a current taper termination when the pack voltage is greater than ChargingVoltage( ) minus Current Taper Qual Voltage in EE 0x4f and the charging current is below a threshold determined by Current T aper Threshold in EE 0x4e, for at least 40 seconds. The bq2063 uses the VFC to measure current for current taper termination. The current must also remain above 0.5625/Rs mA to qualify the termination condition.

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primary charge termination (continued)

Ca acity added after RM( ) = FCC( ) ≥

Primary charge

Once the bq2063 detects a primary charge termination, the bq2063 sets the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus( ), and sets the ChargingCurrent( ) to the maintenance charge rate as programmed in Maintenance Charging Current EE 0x1d. On termination, the bq2063 also sets RM to a programmed percentage of FCC, provided that RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is below the desired percentage of FCC and the CSYNC bit in Pack Configuration EE 0x3f is set. The programmed percentage of FCC, Fast Charge Termination %, is set in EE 0x4b. The bq2063 clears the FULLY_CHARGED bit when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is less than the programmed Fully Charged Clear %. The bq2063 broadcasts the fast-charge rate when the FULLY_CHARGED bit is cleared and voltage and temperature permit. The bq2063 clears the TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM when it no longer detects that the battery is being charged or it no longer detects the termination condition. See Table 5 for a summary of BatteryStatus( ) alarm and status bit operation.

Table 5. Alarm and Status Bit Summary

bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

BATTERY STATE CONDITIONS

Overcurrent C( ) ≥ CC( ) + Overcurrent Margin CC( ) = 0, TCA = 1 C( ) < Overcurrent Margin Prolonged

overcurrent Overload AC( ) ≤ –Overload Current CVUV = 1 AC( ) ≥ –256 mA

Overvoltage

Overtemperature T( ) ≥ Max T

Overcharge

Undertemperature

Primary charge termination

Fully discharged

Overdischarged

Low capacity RM( ) < RCA( ) RCA = 1 RM( ) ≥ RCA( ) Low run time ATTE() < RTA( ) RTA = 1 ATTE( ) ≥ RTA()

NOTE: AC( ) = AverageCurrent( ), C( ) = Current( ), CV( ) = ChargingVoltage( ), CC( ) = ChargingCurrent( ), V( ) = Voltage(),

T( ) = Temperature( ), TCA = TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM, OTA = OVER_TEMPERATURE_ALARM, OCA = OVER_CHARGED_ALARM, TDA = TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM, FC = FULLY_CHARGED, FD = FULLY_DISCHARGED, RSOC() = RelativeStateOfCharge( ). RM( ) = RemainingCapacity( ), RCA = REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM, RTA = REMAINING_TIME_ALARM, ATTE( ) = AverageTimeToEmpty( ), RTA( ) = RemainingTimeAlarm( ), RCA( ) = RemainingCapacityAlarm( ). LTF = Low Temperature Fault threshold FCC( ) = Full Charge Capacity

AC( ) ≥ Fast-Charging Current +

Overcurrent Margin

V( ) ≥ CV( ) + Overvoltage Margin VCELL1, 2, 3, or 4 ≥ Cell Over Voltage

Capacity added after RM( ) = FCC( ) ≥

Maximum Overcharge

T( ) < 0°C CC( ) = 0 0°C ≤ T( ) 0°C ≤ T( ) < LTF CC( ) = Pre-Charge Current T( ) ≥ LTF

Current taper

RM( ) < Battery Low % and DISCHARGING = 1

RM( ) = 0 V( ) or VCELL1, 2, 3, or 4 ≤ EDV0

VCELL1, 2, 3 or 4 < Cell Under Voltage TDA = 1, CVUV = 1

CC( ) CURRENT AND

STATUS BITS SET

CVOV = 1 CC( ) = 0, TCA = 1

TCA = 1 DISCHARGING = 1 CC( ) = 0, CVOV = 1 CC( ) = 0, OTA = 1,

TCA = 1, CVOV = 1 CC( ) = 0, FC = 1 RSOC( )< Fully Charged Clear % OCA = 1, TCA = 1 DISCHARGING = 1

FC = 1

CC( ) = Maintenance Charging Current

FD = 1 RSOC( ) ≥ 20%

TDA = 1 V( ) or VCELL(all) > EDV0 and RM( ) > 0

STATUS CLEAR CONDITION

AC( ) < 256 mA

V( ) < CV( ) + Overvoltage Margin VCELL(all) ≤ Cell Over Voltage

T( ) ≤ Max T - 5°C or T( ) ≤ 43°C

RSOC( ) < Fully Charged Clear%

V( ) > EDV0 VCELL(all) ≥ Cell Under Voltage

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bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

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display port

general

The display port drives a 4 or 5 LED bar-graph display. The display is activated by a logic signal on the DISP input. The bq2063 can display RM in either a relative or absolute mode with each LED representing a percentage of the full-battery reference. In relative mode, the bq2063 uses FCC as the full-battery reference; in absolute mode, it uses dc.

The DMODE bit in Pack Configuration programs the bq2063 for the absolute or relative display mode. The LED bit in Control Mode programs the 4- or 5-LED option. A fifth LED can be used with the 4-LED display option to show when the battery capacity is ≥100%.

activation

The display may be activated at any time by a high-to-low transition on the DISP

input. This is usually accomplished with a pullup resistor and a pushbutton switch. Detection of the transition activates the display and starts a four second display timer. Reactivation of the display requires that the DISP

input return to a logic-high state and then transition low again. The second high-to-low transition must occur after the display timer expires. The bq2063 requires the input to remain stable for a minimum of 250 ms to detect the logic state. If unused, the DISP

input must be pulled up to VCC.

If the EDV0 bit is set, the bq2063 disables the LED display . The display is also disabled during a VFC calibration and should be turned off before entering low-power storage mode.

display modes

In relative mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the RelativeStateOfCharge( ) value. In absolute mode, each LED output represents 20% or 25% of the AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) value. Table 6 shows the display options for 5 LEDs and Table 7 for 4 LEDs.

In either mode, the bq2063 blinks the LED display if RemainingCapacity( ) is less than Remaining CapacityAlarm( ). The display is disabled if EDV0 = 1.

Table 6. Display Mode for Five LEDs

CONDITION RELATIVE

OR ABSOLUTE

StateOfCharge( )

EDV0 = 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

<20%

≥20%, < 40% ≥40%, < 60% ≥60%, < 80%

≥80%

FIVE LED DISPLAY OPTION

LED1LED

ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF OFF ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON ON

LED3LED4LED

Table 7. Display Mode for Four LEDs

CONDITION RELATIVE

OR ABSOLUTE

StateOfCharge( )

EDV0 = 1 OFF OFF OFF OFF

<25%

≥25%, < 50% ≥50%, < 75%

≥75%

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FOUR LED DISPLAY OPTION

LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4

ON OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON ON OFF ON ON ON ON

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

Li-Ion protector control

The bq2063 provides a secondary level of protection for lithium Ion batteries, as shown in T able 8. The bq2063 uses the CTL2 output to communicate battery conditions to the S-8243A/B Protector IC. When the CVOV or CVUV condition occurs the bq2063 changes the state of the CTL2 pin according to Table 8.

The cell overvoltage threshold should be set higher than the overvoltage threshold of the S-8243 protector, establishing a secondary overvoltage protection limit. The cell undervoltage threshold should be set somewhat higher than the overdischarged threshold of the S-8243 protector, establishing the primary undervoltage limit. There is no secondary undervoltage limit if the cell undervoltage threshold is set lower, because the S-8243 goes into a power-down mode and removes V also recommended that the bq2063 protection control be validated by two successive measurements by setting PDLY=1 in Pack Programming.

The bq2063 asserts CVOV to turn off the charge FET if cell overvoltage, battery overvoltage, or overtemperature conditions exist, or if AverageCurrent( ) ≥ Fast-Charging Current + Overcurrent Margin (Prolonged Overcurrent condition in Table 5). It returns control to the S-8243 when overvoltage and overtemperature conditions no longer exist, AverageCurrent( ) < 256 mA (if Prolonged Current generated the fault condition), or Current( ) < 0.

The bq2063 asserts CVUV to turn off the discharge FET if a cell undervoltage condition exists, or if AverageCurrent( ) ≤ –Overload current (Overload). It returns control to the S–8243 when the undervoltage condition no longer exists and AverageCurrent( ) ≥ –256mA (if Overload generated the fault condition), or Current( ) > 0.

to the bq2063 when it detects the overdischarged limit. It is

bq2063

Table 8. bq2063 to S-8243A/B Interface (FET Protection Control)

Battery State (Table 5)

CVOV = 1: Prolonged Overcurrent, Overvoltage, Overtemperature High Normal (see Note) Off CVOV = CVUV = 0 Open Normal (see Note) Normal (see Note) CVUV = 1: Overload, Overdischarged Low Off Normal (see Note)

NOTE: State determined by S-8243A/B

OUTPUT INSTRUCTION TO S-8243A/B (CTL1 = LOW)

CTL2 DISCHARGING FET CHARGING FET

SAFETY output

The SAFETY

output of the bq2063 provides an additional level of safety control. The active low safety output can be used to blow fuse or control another switch based on temperature or a programmable pack-voltage level. The safety temperature threshold is programmable in Safety Overtemperature in EE 0x08 and the voltage level is programmable in Safety Overvoltage in EE 0x1f. The bq2063 SAFETY

is allowed to go low only after the CVOV bit is set 2 seconds before either Voltage( ) > Safety Overvoltage or Temperature( ) ≥ Safety Overtemperature. If the SAFETY

output activates, the bq2063 sets the SOV bit in Pack Status. SOV remains

set until the bq2063 is reset or the bit is overwritten. An example circuit using the SAFETY

output to blow a fuse is shown in Figure 7.

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SAFETY output (continued)

FUSE

BAT+

SAFETY

1 MΩ

100 kΩ

Cell 4

0.1 µF

BSS84

2N7002

1 MΩ

Figure 7. Example SAFETY Circuit Implementation

low-power storage mode

The bq2063 enters low-power mode 5-8 seconds after receiving the Enable Low-Power command. In this mode the bq2063 consumes less than 10 µA. A rising edge on SMBC, SMBD, or HDQ16 restores the bq2063 to the full operating mode. The bq2063 does not perform any gas-gauge functions during low-power storage mode.

device reset

The bq2063 can be reset with commands over the HDQ16 or SMBus. Upon reset, the bq2063 initializes its internal registers with the information contained in the configuration EEPROM. The following command sequence initiates a full bq2063 reset:

1. Write 0x005a to address 0x4f

2. Write 0x0000 to address 0x7d

3. Write 0x0080 to address 0x7d A partial reset of the bq2063 occurs if step one is omitted. All initial program values are read from EEPROM

for both full and partial resets. A full reset initializes MaxError( ) = 100%, sets RELEARN FLAG (bit 7) in BatteryMode, and initializes RM from EEPROM 0x2c–2d . This initial RM value should be programmed to zero for secondary (rechargeable) batteries. A partial reset leaves MaxError( ), RELEARN_FLAG, and RM unchanged.

communication

The bq2063 includes two types of communication ports: SMBus and HDQ16. The SMBus interface is a 2-wire bidirectional protocol using the SMBC (clock) and SMBD (data) pins. The HDQ16 interface is a 1-wire bidirectional protocol using the HDQ16 pin. All three communication lines are isolated from VCC and may be pulled-up higher than V should be pulled down with a 100-kΩ resistor, or may be grounded, if not used.

The communication ports allow a host controller, an SMBus compatible device, or other processor to access the memory registers of the bq2063. In this way a system can efficiently monitor and manage the battery.

SMBus

The SMBus interface is a command-based protocol. A processor acting as the bus master initiates communication to the bq2063 by generating a ST ART condition. A ST ART condition consists of a high-to-low transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. The processor then sends the bq2063 device address of

. Also, the bq2063 does not pull these lines low if VCC to the part is zero . HDQ16

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0001011 (bits 7-1) plus a R/W bit (bit 0) followed by an SMBus command code. The R/W bit (LSB) and the command code instruct the bq2063 to either store the forthcoming data to a register specified by the SMBus command code or output the data from the specified register. The processor completes the access with a ST OP condition. A STOP condition consists of a low-to-high transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. With SMBus, the most-significant bit (MSB) of a data byte is transmitted first.

In some instances, the bq2063 acts as the bus master. This occurs when the bq2063 broadcasts charging requirements and alarm conditions to device addresses 0x12 (SBS Smart Charger) and 0x10 (SBS Host Controller.)

SMBus protocol

The bq2063 supports the following SMBus protocols:

D Read Word D Write Word D Block Read

A processor acting as the bus master uses the three protocols to communicate with the bq2063. The bq2063 acting as the bus master uses the Write Word protocol.

The SMBD and SMBC pins are open drain and require external pullup resistors. If detection of an SMBus Off State is required when the SMBC and SMBD lines are open, a 1-MΩ pulldown resistor in the battery pack is recommended.

bq2063

SMBus packet error checking

The bq2063 supports Packet Error Checking as a mechanism to confirm proper communication between it and another SMBus device. Packet Error Checking requires that both the transmitter and receiver calculate a Packet Error Code (PEC) for each communication message. The device that supplies the last byte in the communication message appends the PEC to the message. The receiver compares the transmitted PEC to its PEC result to determine if there is a communication error.

PEC protocol

The bq2063 can receive or transmit data with or without PEC. Figure 8 shows the communication protocol for the Read Word, Write Word, and Read Block messages without PEC. Figure 8 includes PEC.

In the Write Word protocol, the bq2063 receives the PEC after the last byte of data from the host. If the host does not support PEC, the last byte of data is followed by a STOP condition. After receipt of the PEC, the bq2063 compares the value to its calculation. If the PEC is correct, the bq2063 responds with an ACKNOWLEDGE. If it is not correct, the bq2063 responds with a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE and sets an error code.

In the Read Word and Block Read, the host generates an ACKNOWLEDGE after the last byte of data sent by the bq2063. The bq2063 then sends the PEC and the host acting as a master-receiver generates a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE and a STOP condition.

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PEC protocol (continued)

Battery Address

0001011

0 A Command Code A Data Byte Low A Data Byte High AP

Write Word

11818181171

Battery Address

Data Byte Low Data Byte High

S0A Command Code A Battery Address A1

Byte Count = N Data Byte 1 AA

0001011

Battery Address

0001011

Host Processor

0 A Command Code A Battery Address A1

818

Read Word

1818

Block Read

117181171

1818

PData Byte 2 Data Byte N

bq2063

A – ACKNOWLEDGE A – NOT ACKNOWLEDGE S – START P – STOP

Figure 8. SMBus Communication Protocol Without PEC

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PEC protocol (continued)

Battery Address

0001011

bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

8111818181171

0 A Command Code A Data Byte Low PECA Data Byte High AAP

Write Word

Battery Address

0001011

Battery Address

0001011

Byte Count = N Data Byte 1 AA

Host Processor

bq2063

A Command Code A Battery Address A1

1118818 AA

Read Word

A Command Code A Battery Address A1

1818

Block Read

PData Byte Low Data Byte High PEC

117181171

1818

811

APData Byte 2 Data Byte N PEC

A – ACKNOWLEDGE A – NOT ACKNOWLEDGE S – START P – STOP

Figure 9. SMBus Communication Protocol With PEC

PEC calculation

The basis of the PEC calculation is an 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC-8) based on the polynomial C(X) = X8 + X2 + X1 + 1. The PEC calculation includes all bytes in the transmission, including address, command, and data. The PEC calculation does not include ACKNOWLEDGE, NOT ACKNOWLEDGE, ST ART , STOP, and Repeated START bits.

For example, the host requests RemainingCapacity( ) from the bq2063. This includes the host following the Read Word protocol. The bq2063 calculates the PEC based on the following 5 bytes of data, assuming the remaining capacity of the battery is 1001 mAh.

D Battery Address with R/W = 0: 0x16 D Command Code for RemainingCapacity( ): 0x0f D Battery Address with R/W = 1: 0x17

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D RemainingCapacity( ): 0x03e9

For 0x160f17e903, the bq2063 transmits a PEC of 0xe8 to the host.

PEC enable in master mode

PEC for master mode broadcasts to the charger, host, or both can be enabled/disabled with the combination of the bits HPE and CPE in Control Mode.

SMBus on and off state

The bq2063 detects whether the SMBus enters the Off State by monitoring the SMBC and SMBD lines. When both signals are continually low for at least 2.5 s, the bq2063 detects the Off State. When the SMBC and SMBD lines go high, the bq2063 detects the On State and can begin communication within 1 ms. One-MΩ pulldown resistors on SMBC and SMBD are recommended for reliable Off State detection.

HDQ16

The HDQ16 interface is a command-based protocol. (See Figure 10.) A processor sends the command code to the bq2063. The 8-bit command code consists of two fields: the 7-bit HDQ16 command code (bits 0-6) and the 1-bit R/W field (MSB bit 7). The R/W field directs the bq2063 either to

D Store the next 16 bits of data to a specified register or D Output 16 bits of data from the specified register

Send Host to bq2063

HDQ Command Code

Send Host to bq2063 or

Receive From bq2063

16 Bit data

/W MSB Bit7

RSPS

Break

LSB Bit0

Start-Bit Address-Bit/Data-Bit Stop-Bit

Figure 10. HDQ16 Communication Example

With HDQ16, the least significant bit (LSB) of a data byte (command) or word (data) is transmitted first. A bit transmission consists of three distinct sections. The first section starts the transmission by either the host

or the bq2063 taking the HDQ16 pin to a logic-low state for a period t data-transmission, where the data bit is valid by the time t communication. The data bit is held for a period t

(DH;DV)

DSU;B

to allow the host processor or bq2063 to sample the

after the negative edge used to start

;B. The next section is the actual

STRH

data bit. The final section is used to stop the transmission by returning the HDQ16 pin to a logic-high state by at least

the time t for a period t

after the negative edge used to start communication. The final logic-high state should continue

SSUB

CYCH;B

to allow time to ensure that the bit transmission was stopped properly.

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If a communication error occurs (e.g., t

> 250 µs), the host sends the bq2063 a BREAK to reinitiate the

CYCB

serial interface. The bq2063 detects a BREAK when the HDQ16 pin is in a logic-low state for a time t The HDQ16 pin is then returned to its normal ready high-logic state for a time t

. The bq2063 is then ready

to receive a command from the host processor. The HDQ16 pin is open drain and requires an external pullup resistor. Figure 2 shows the HDQ16 break timing for the bq2063.

command codes

The SMBus command codes are in ( ), the HDQ16 in [ ]. Temperature( ), Voltage( ), Current( ), and AverageCurrent( ), performance specifications are at regulated V

ManufacturerAccess( ) (0x00); [0x00-0x01]

) and a temperature of 0-70_C.

(RO)

Description: This function provides writable command codes to control the bq2063 during normal operation and pack manufacture. These commands may be ignored if sent within one second of a device reset. The following commands are available:

0x0618 Enable Low-Power Storage Mode activates the low-power storage mode. The bq2063 enters the storage mode after a 5-8 second delay . The bq2063 accepts other commands to ManufacturerAccess( ) during the delay before entering low-power storage mode. The LEDs must be off before entering the low-power storage mode as the display state remains unchanged.

The bq2063 clears the ManufacturerAccess( ) command within 900ms of acknowledging the Enable Low-Power Storage command. During the delay following the low-power storage command, a VFC Calibration command may be issued. The VFC Calibration command must be sent 900-5000ms after SMBus acknowledgment of the Enable Low-Power Storage command. The bq2063 delays entering storage mode until the calibration process completes and the bq2063 stores the new calibration values in EEPROM.

or greater.

0x062b SEAL instructs the bq2063 to restrict access to those functions listed in Table 3. Note: The SEAL command does not change the state of the SEAL bit in Pack Configuration in EEPROM. The bq2063 completes the seal function and clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900 ms of acknowledging the command.

0x064d Charge Synchronization instructs the bq2063 to update RM to a percentage of FCC as defined in Fast Charge Termination %. The bq2063 updates RM and clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900ms of

acknowledging the command. 0x0653 Enable VFC Calibration instructs the unsealed bq2063 to begin VFC calibration. With this command

the bq2063 deselects the SR

and SR2 inputs and calibrates for IC offset only. It is best to avoid charge or

discharge currents through the sense resistor during this calibration process. 0x067e Alternate VFC Calibration instructs the unsealed bq2063 to begin VFC calibration. With this command

the bq2063 does not deselect the SR

and SR2 inputs and does calibrate for IC and PCB offset. During this

procedure no charge or discharge currents must flow through the sense resistor. During VFC calibration, the bq2063 disables the LED display and accepts only the Enable Low-Power Storage

mode, the Stop VFC Calibration, and the SEAL commands to ManufacturerAccess( ). The bq2063 disregards all other commands. SMBus communication should be kept to a minimum during VFC calibration to reduce the noise level and allow a more accurate calibration.

Once started, the VFC calibration procedures completes automatically . When complete, the bq2063 saves the calibration values in EEPROM. The calibration normally takes about 8 to 10 minutes. The calibration time is inversely proportional to the bq2063 VFC (and PCB) offset error . The bq2063 caps the calibration time at one hour in the event of calibrating zero offset error . The VFC calibration can be done as the last step in a battery pack test procedure since the calibration can complete automatically after removal from a test setup.

The bq2063 clears ManufacturerAccess( ) within 900 ms and starts calibration within 3.2 seconds of acknowledging the command.

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0x0660 Stop VFC Calibration instructs the bq2063 to abort a VFC calibration procedure. If aborted, the bq2063 disables offset correction. The bq2063 stops calibration within 20 ms of acknowledging the command.

0x0606 Program EEPROM instructs the unsealed bq2063 to connect the SMBus to the EEPROM I2C bus. The bq2063 applies power to the EEPROM within 900 ms of acknowledging the command. After issuing the program EEPROM command, the bq2063 monitoring functions are disabled until the I2C bus is disconnected. The bq2063 disconnects the I2C bus when it detects that the Battery Address 0x16 is sent over the SMBus. The Battery Address 0x16 to disconnect the I2C bus should not be sent until 10 ms after the last write to the EEPROM.

0x07e6 Device Revision instructs the bq2063 to return the device revision level to ManufactureAccess( ) so it may be read.

Purpose: The ManufacturerAccess( ) function provides the system host access to bq2063 functions that are not defined by the SBD.

SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Word Example:

The following sequence of actions is an example of how to use the ManufacturerAccess( ) commands ef ficiently to take a battery pack that has completed all testing and calibration except for VFC calibration and to make it ready for shipment in the SEALED state and in low-power storage mode:

1. Complete testing, programming, and calibration with desired final values stored in EEPROM with the SEAL bit not set. Sending a reset command to the bq2063 during test ensures that RAM values correspond to the final EEPROM values.

2. If the initial value of RemainingCapacity( ) must be nonzero, the desired value may be written to command 0x26.

3. Issue the Program EEPROM command and set the SEAL bit in EEPROM.

4. Issue the Enable VFC (or Alternate VFC) Calibration command. The bq2063 resets the OCE bit in Pack Status when calibration begins and sets the bit when calibration successfully completes and the calibration values have been written to EEPROM.

5. Issue the Enable Low-Power Storage Mode command. This must be done before VFC offset calibration completes.

6. Issue the SEAL command. This must be done before VFC offset calibration completes.

After VFC calibration completes automatically, the bq2063 saves the VFC offset cancellation values in EEPROM and then enters the low-power storage mode after about 20 seconds. In addition, the bq2063 is sealed, allowing access only as defined in Table 2.

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RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) (0x01); [0x01]

Description: Sets or gets the low-capacity threshold value. Whenever the RemainingCapacity( ) falls below

the low capacity value, the bq2063 sends AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host with the REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit set. A low-capacity value of 0 disables this alarm. The bq2063 initially sets the low-capacity value to Remaining Capacity Alarm value programmed in EE 0x04–0x05. The low-capacity value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function. The low-capacity value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mWh) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

Purpose: The RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function can be used by systems that know how much power they require to save their operating state. It enables those systems to more finely control the point at which they transition into suspend or hibernate state. The low-capacity value can be read to verify the value in use by the bq2063’s low capacity alarm.

SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Unsigned integer-value below which Low Capacity messages are sent.

BATTERY MODES

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 0

Units mAh at C/5 10 mWh at P/5

Range 0–65,535 mAh 0–65,535 10 mWh

Granularity Not applicable

Accuracy See RemainingCapacity( )

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 1

bq2063

Description: Sets or gets the remaining time alarm value. Whenever the AverageTimeToEmpty( ) falls below the remaining time value, the bq2063 sends AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host with the REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit set. A remaining time value of 0 effectively disables this alarm. The bq2063 initially sets the remaining time value to the Remaining Time Alarm value programmed in EE 0x02–0x03. The remaining time value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function.

Purpose: The RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function can be used by systems that want to adjust when the remaining time alarm warning is sent. The remaining time value can be read to verify the value in use by the bq2063 RemainingTimeAlarm( ).

SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Unsigned integer—the point below which remaining time messages are sent. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,535 minutes Granularity: Not applicable Accuracy: see AverageTimeToEmpty( )

BatteryMode( ) (0x03); [0x03]

Description: Selects the various battery operational modes and reports the battery’s mode and requests.

Defined modes include

D Whether the battery’s capacity information is specified in mAh or 10 mWh (CAPACITY_MODE bit) D Whether the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingV oltage( ) values are broadcast to the Smart Battery Charger

when the bq2063 detects the battery requires charging (CHARGER_MODE bit)

D Whether all broadcasts to the Smart Battery Charger and Host are disabled

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command codes (continued)

The defined request condition is the battery requesting a conditioning cycle (RELEARN_FLAG). Purpose: The CAPACITY_MODE bit allows power management systems to best match their electrical

characteristics with those reported by the battery . For example, a switching power supply represents a constant power load, whereas a linear supply is better represented by a constant current model. The CHARGER_MODE bit allows a SMBus Host or Smart Battery Charger to override the Smart Battery’s desired charging parameters by disabling the bq2063’s broadcasts. The RELEARN_FLAG bit allows the bq2063 to request a conditioning

cycle. SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word

Input/Output: Unsigned integer—bit mapped— see below. Units: not applicable Range: 0-1 Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: not applicable

The BatteryMode( ) word is divided into two halves, the MSB (bits 8-15) which is read/write and the LSB (bits 0-7) which is read only. The bq2063 forces bits 0-6 to zero and prohibits writes to bit 7.

Table 9 summarizes the meanings of the individual bits in the BatteryMode( ) word and specifies the default values, where applicable, are noted.

INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER bit is not used by the bq2063. PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT bit is not used by the bq2063. RELEARN_FLAG bit set indicates that the bq2063 is requesting a capacity relearn cycle for the battery. The

bq2063 sets the RELEARN_FLAG on a full reset and if it detects 20 cycle counts without an FCC update. The bq2063 clears this flag after a learning cycle has been completed.

CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED bit is not used by the bq2063. The bq2063 forces this bit to zero. PRIMARY_BATTERY bit is not used by the bq2063. The bq2063 forces this bit to zero.

Table 9. Battery Mode Bits and Values

Battery Mode( ) BITS BITS USED FORMAT ALLOWABLE VALUES

INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER 0 Read only bit flag PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT 1 Read only bit flag Reserved 2–6

RELEARN_FLAG 7 Read only bit flag CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED 8 R/W bit flag

PRIMARY_BATTERY 9 R/W bit flag Reserved 10–12

ALARM_MODE 13 R/W bit flag

CHARGER_MODE 14 R/W bit flag

CAPACITY_MODE 15 R/W bit flag

0—Battery OK 1—Relearn cycle requested

0—Enable alarm broadcast (default) 1—Disable alarm broadcast

0—Enable charging broadcast (default) 1—Disable charging broadcast

0—Report in mA or mAh (default) 1—Report in 10mW or 10 mWh

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command codes (continued)

ALARM_MODE bit is set to disable the bq2063’s ability to master the SMBus and send AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2063 does not master the SMBus, and AlarmWarning( ) messages are not sent to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger for a period of no more than 65 seconds and no less than 45 seconds. When cleared (default), the Smart Battery sends the AlarmWarning( ) messages to the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger any time an alarm condition is detected.

D The bq2063 polls the ALARM_MODE bit at least every 150 ms. Whenever the ALARM_MODE bit is set,

the bq2063 resets the bit and starts or restarts a 55 seconds (nominal) timer. After the timer expires, the bq2063 automatically enables alarm broadcasts to ensure that the accidental deactivation of broadcasts does not persist. An SMBus host that does not want the bq2063 to be a master on the SMBus must therefore continually set this bit at least once per 50 seconds to keep the bq2063 from broadcasting alarms.

D The ALARM_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within 130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus

Off-State.

D The condition of the ALARM-MODE bit does not affect the operation or state of the CHARGER_MODE bit

which is used to prevent broadcasts of ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) to the Smart Battery Charger.

CHARGER_MODE bit enables or disables the bq2063’s transmission of ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) messages to the Smart Battery Charger. When set, the bq2063 does not transmit ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) values to the Smart Battery Charger. When cleared, the bq2063 transmits the ChargingCurrent( ) and ChargingVoltage( ) values to the Smart Battery Charger. The CHARGER_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within 130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus Off-State.

bq2063

CAPACITY_MODE bit indicates if capacity information is reported in mA/mAh or 10mW/10 mWh. When set, the bq2063 reports capacity information in 10 mW/10 mWh as appropriate. When cleared, the bq2063 reports capacity information in mA/mAh as appropriate. The CAPACITY_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state within 130 ms after the bq2063 detects the SMBus Off-State.

The following functions are changed to accept or return values in mA/mAh or 10 mW/10 mWh depending on the CAP ACITY_MODE bit:

D RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) D AtRate( ) D RemainingCapacity( ) D FullChargeCapacity( ) D DesignCapacity( )

The following functions are calculated on the basis of capacity and may be calculated differently depending on the CAP ACITY_MODE bit:

D AtRateOK( ) D AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) D AtRateTimeToFull( ) D RunTimeToEmpty( ) D AverageTimeToEmpty( ) D AverageTimeToFull( ) D Remaining Time Alarm( ) D BatteryStatus( )

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command codes (continued)

The bq2063 updates the non-AtRate related register values within 3 seconds of changing the state of the CAPACITY_MODE bit. The AtRate( ) values are updated after the next AtRate value is written to the bq2063 (or after the next 20 seconds scheduled refresh calculation).

AtRate( ) (0x04); [0x04]

Description: The AtRate( ) function is the first half of a two-function call-set used to set the AtRate value used

in calculations made by the AtRateTimeToFull( ), AtRateTimeToEmpty( ), and AtRateOK( ) functions. The AtRate value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mW) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

Purpose: Since the AtRate( ) function is the first half of a two-function call-set, it is followed by the second function of the call-set that calculates and returns a value based on the AtRate value and the battery’s present state. A delay of up to 1.3 seconds is required after writing AtRate( ) before the bq2063 can acknowledge the requested AtRate function.

D When the AtRate( ) value is positive, the AtRateTimeToFull( ) function returns the predicted time to

full-charge at the AtRate value of charge.

D When the AtRate( ) value is negative, the AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) function returns the predicted operating

time at the AtRate value of discharge.

D When the AtRate( ) value is negative, the AtRateOK( ) function returns a Boolean value that predicts the

battery’s ability to supply the AtRate value of additional discharge energy (current or power) for 10 seconds.

The default value for AtRate( ) is zero. Writing AtRate( ) values over the HDQ16 serial port does not trigger a re-calculation of AtRateTimeToFull( ), AtRateTimeToEmpty( ), and AtRateOK( ) functions.

It is recommended that AtRate( ) requests should be limited to one request every 4 seconds.

SMBus Protocol: Read or Write Word Input/Output: Signed integer-charge or discharge; the AtRate( ) value is positive for charge, negative for

discharge, and zero for neither (default).

BATTERY MODES

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 0

Units mA 10 mW

Charge Range 1 to 132,767 mA 1 to 32,767 10 mW

Discharge Range –1 to –32,768 mA –1 to –32,768 10 mW

Granularity 1 Unit

Accuracy NA

AtRateTimeToFull( ) (0x05); [0x05]

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 1

Description: Returns the predicted remaining time to fully charge the battery at the AtRate( ) value (mA). Purpose: The AtRateTimeToFull( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the predicted

remaining charge time at the AtRate value in mA. The bq2063 updates AtRateTimeToFull( ) within 1.3 seconds after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate value. If read before this delay , the command is No Acknowledged and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready. The bq2063 automatically updates AtRateTimeToFull( ) based on the AtRate( ) value every 20 seconds.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-predicted time in minutes to fully charge the battery. Units: minutes

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AtRateTimeToFull( ) (0x05); [0x05] (continued)

Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better

bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

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Accuracy: ± MaxError( )

FullChargeCapacity( )/|AtRate( )|

Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged.

AtRateTimeToEmpty( ) (0x06); [0x06]

Description: Returns the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AtRate( ) value. Purpose: The AtRateTimeT oEmpty( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the remaining

operating time at the AtRate( ) value. The bq2063 updates AtRateT imeToEmpty( ) within 1.3 seconds after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate( ) value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged, and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready . The bq2063 automatically updates AtRateT imeToEmpty( ) based on the AtRate( ) value every 20 seconds.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer – estimated operating time left. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: -0,+MaxError( ) × FullChargeCapacity/|AtRate( )| Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being discharged.

AtRateOK( ) (0x07); [0x07]

Description: Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether or not the battery can deliver the AtRate( )value

of additional energy for 10 seconds (Boolean). If the AtRate value is zero or positive, the AtRateOK( ) function ALWAYS returns true.

Purpose: The AtRateOK( ) function is part of a two-function call-set used by power management systems to determine if the battery can safely supply enough energy for an additional load. The bq2063 updates AtRateOK( ) within 1.3 seconds after the SMBus Host sets the AtRate( ) value. If read before this delay, the command is No Acknowledged, and the error code in BatteryStatus is set to not ready. The bq2063 automatically updates AtRateOK( ) based on the At Rate( ) value every 20 seconds.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Boolean—indicates if the battery can supply the additional energy requested. Units: Boolean Range: TRUE, FALSE Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: not applicable

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command codes (continued)

T emperature( ) (0x08); [0x08]

Description: Returns the temperature (K) measured by the bq2063. Purpose: The Temperature( ) function provides accurate cell temperatures for use by battery chargers and

thermal management systems. A battery charger can use the temperature as a safety check. Thermal management systems may use the temperature because the battery is one of the largest thermal sources in a system.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer—cell temperature in tenth-degree Kelvin increments.

Units: 0.1°K Range: 0 to +6553.5°K {real range} Granularity: 0.1°K

Accuracy: ±1.5°K (from ideal Semitec 103AT thermistor performance, after calibration)

±3.0°K (Internal temperature sensor after calibration)

V oltage( ) (0x09); [0x09]

Description: Returns the cell-pack voltage (mV). Purpose: The Voltage( ) function provides power management systems with an accurate battery terminal

voltage. Power management systems can use this voltage, along with battery current information, to characterize devices they control. This ability helps enable intelligent, adaptive power-management systems.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-battery terminal voltage in mV.

Units: mV Range: 0 to 20,000 mV Granularity: 1 mV Accuracy: ±0.65% (after calibration)

Current( ) (0x0a); [0x0a]

Description: Returns the current being supplied (or accepted) by the battery (mA). Purpose: The Current( ) function provides a snapshot for the power management system of the current flowing

into or out of the battery . This information is of particular use in power-management systems because they can characterize individual devices and tune their operation to actual system power behavior.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Signed integer-charge/discharge rate in mA increments-positive for charge, negative for discharge. Units: mA Range: (± 250mV/R Granularity: 0.038mV/R Accuracy: ±0.4 mV/R

) mA

(integer value)

(after calibration)

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command codes (continued)

AverageCurrent( ) (0x0b); [0x0b]

Description: Returns a value that approximates a one-minute rolling average of the current being supplied (or

accepted) through the battery terminals (mA). The AverageCurrent( ) function returns meaningful values during

the battery’s first minute of operation. Purpose: The AverageCurrent( ) function provides the average current flowing into or out of the battery for the

power management system.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Signed integer-charge/discharge rate in mA increments-positive for charge, negative for discharge. Units: mA

bq2063

Range: (± 250 mV/R Granularity: 0.038 mV/R Accuracy: ±0.4 mV/R

MaxError( ) (0x0c); [0x0c]

) mA

(integer value)

(after calibration)

Description: Returns the expected margin of error (%) in the state of charge calculation. For example, when MaxError( ) returns 10% and RelativeStateOfCharge( ) returns 50%, the Relative StateOfCharge( ) is more likely between 50% and 60%. The bq2063 sets MaxError( ) to 100% on a full reset. The bq2063 sets MaxError( ) to 2% on completion of a learning cycle, unless the bq2063 limits the learning cycle to the +512/-256 mAh maximum adjustment values. If the learning cycle is limited, the bq2063 sets MaxError( ) to 8% unless MaxError( ) was already below 8%. In this case MaxError( ) does not change. The bq2063 increments MaxError( ) by 1% after four increments of CycleCount( ) without a learning cycle.

If voltage-based corrections are applied to the coulomb counter, MaxError( ) is set to 25%. Purpose: The MaxError( ) function has real value in two ways: first, to give the user a confidence level about

the state of charge and second, to give the power management system information about how aggressive it should be, particularly as the battery nears the end of its life.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer—percent uncertainty for selected information. Units: % Range: 2–100% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: not applicable

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command codes (continued)

RelativeStateOfCharge( ) (0x0d); [0x0d]

Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of

FullChargeCapacity( ) (%). Purpose: The RelativeStateOfCharge( ) function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the

battery relative to the last learned capacity.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-percent of remaining capacity.

Units: % Range: 0–100% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: -0, +MaxError( )

AbsoluteStateOfCharge( )(0x0e); [0x0e]

Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of

DesignCapacity( ) (%). Note that AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) can return values greater than 100%. Purpose: The AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the

battery relative to the nominal or DesignCapacity( ).

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-percent of remaining capacity.

Units: % Range: 0–100+% Granularity: 1% Accuracy: -0, +MaxError( )

RemainingCapacity( ) (0x0f); [0x0f]

Description: Returns the predicted charge or energy remaining in the battery . The RemainingCapacity( ) value

is expressed in either charge (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or energy (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate), depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

Purpose: The RemainingCapacity( ) function returns the battery’s remaining capacity. This information is a numeric indication of remaining charge or energy given by the Absolute or Relative StateOfCharge( ) functions and may be in a better form for use by power management systems.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer—remaining charge in mAh or 10 mWh.

BATTERY MODES

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 0

Units mAh 10 mWh

Range 0–65,535mAh 0–65,535 10 mWh

Granularity mAh 10 mWh

Accuracy –0, +MaxError( ) * FullCharageCapacity( )

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 1

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command codes (continued)

FullChargeCapacity( ) (0x10); [0x10]

Description: Returns the predicted pack capacity when it is fully charged. The FullChargeCapacity( ) value

is expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

Purpose: The FullChargeCapacity( ) function provides a means of understanding the tank size of the battery. This information, along with information about the original capacity of the battery, indicates battery wear.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer—estimated full-charge capacity in mAh or 10 mWh.

BATTERY MODES

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 0

Units mAh 10 mWh

Range 0–65,535 mAh 0–65,535 10 mWh

Granularity mAh 10 mWh

Accuracy –0, +MaxError( ) * FullCharageCapacity( )

RunTimeToEmpty( ) (0x11); [0x1 1]

Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery life at the present rate of discharge (minutes). The

RunTimeToEmpty( ) value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 1

bq2063

Purpose: The RunTimeT oEmpty( ) provides the power management system with information about the relative gain or loss in remaining battery life in response to a change in power policy . This information is not the same as the AverageTimeToEmpty( ), which is not suitable to determine the ef fects that result from a change in power policy.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-minutes of operation left. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( )

FullChargeCapacity( ) / Current( )

Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.

AverageTimeToEmpty( ) (0x12); [0x12]

Description: Returns a one-minute rolling average of the predicted remaining battery life (minutes). The

AverageTimeToEmpty( ) value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

Purpose: The AverageTimeToEmpty( ) displays state-of-charge information in a more useful way. It averages the instantaneous estimations so the remaining time does not appear to jump around.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer—minutes of operation left. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 min Granularity: 2 min or better Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( )

FullChargeCapacity( ) / AverageCurrent( )

∗

Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.

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command codes (continued)

AverageTimeToFull( ) (0x13); [0x13]

Description: Returns a one-minute rolling average of the predicted remaining time until the battery reaches

full charge (minutes). Purpose: The AverageTimeToFull( ) function can be used by the SMBus Host’s power management system

to aid in its policy. It may also be used to find out how long the system must be left on to achieve full charge.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer -remaining time in minutes. Units: minutes Range: 0 to 65,534 minutes Granularity: 2 minutes or better Accuracy: –0, +MaxError( ) Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged.

ChargingCurrent( ) (0x14); [0x14]

Description: Returns the desired charging rate in mA. Purpose: The ChargingCurrent( ) function sets the maximum charge current of the battery. The

ChargingCurrent( ) value should be used in combination with the ChargingV oltage( ) value to set the charger’s operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2063 to dynamically control the charging profile (current/voltage) of the battery . The bq2063 can effectively turn off a charger by returning a value of 0 for this function. The charger may be operated as a constant-voltage source above its maximum regulated current range by returning a ChargingCurrent( ) value of 65,535.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-maximum charger output current in mA. Units: mA Range: 0 to 65,535 mA Granularity: 1 mA Accuracy: not applicable Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates that a charger should operate as a voltage source outside its

maximum regulated current range.

FullChargeCapacity( ) / AverageCurrent( )

ChargingVoltage( ) (0x15); [0x15]

Description: Returns the desired charging voltage in mV. Purpose: The ChargingVoltage( ) function sets the maximum charge voltage of the battery. The

ChargingVoltage( ) value should be used in combination with the ChargingCurrent( ) value to set the charger’s operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2063 to dynamically control the charging profile (current/voltage) of the battery . The charger may be operated as a constant-current source above its maximum regulated voltage range by returning a ChargingVoltage( ) value of 65,535.

SMBus Protocol: Write Word Output: Unsigned integer-charger output voltage in mV. Units: mV Range: 0 to 65,535 mV Granularity: 1mV Accuracy: not applicable Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the charger should operate as a current source outside its maximum

regulated voltage range.

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command codes (continued)

BatteryStatus( )(0x16); [0x16]

Description: Returns the bq2063’s status word (flags). Some of the BatteryStatus( ) flags

(REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM and REMAINING_TIME_ALARM) are calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAP ACITY_MODE bit. This is important because use of the wrong calculation mode may result in an inaccurate alarm.

Purpose: The BatteryStatus( ) function is used by the power-management system to get alarm and status bits, as well as error codes from the bq2063. This is basically the same information broadcast to both the SMBus Host and the Smart Battery Charger by the AlarmWarning( ) function except that the AlarmWarning( ) function sets the Error Code bits all high before sending the data.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned Integer-Status Register With Alarm Conditions Bit Mapped as follows:

ALARM BITS

0x8000 OVER_CHARGED_ALARM 0x4000 TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM 0x2000 Reserved 0x1000 OVER_TEMP_ALARM 0x0800 TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM 0x0400 Reserved 0x0200 REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM 0x0100 REMAINING_TIME_ALARM

STATUS BITS

0x0080 INITIALIZED 0x0040 DISCHARGING 0x0020 FULLY_CHARGED 0x0010 FULLY_DISCHARGED

ERROR CODES

0x0007 Unknown Error 0x0006 BadSize 0x0005 Overflow/Underflow 0x0004 AccessDenied 0x0003 UnsupportedCommand 0x0002 ReservedCommand 0x0001 Busy 0x0000 OK

bq2063

alarm bits

OVER_CHARGED_ALARM bit is set whenever the bq2063 detects that the battery is being charged beyond the Maximum Overcharge limit. This bit is cleared when the bq2063 detects that the battery is no longer being charged (i.e., the bq2063 detects discharge activity or no activity for the digital filter timeout periods). The digital filter timeout period (seconds) equates to 10× the value shared in Digital Filter EE0x52.

TERMINA TE_CHARGE_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that one or more of the battery ’s charging parameters are out of range (e.g., its voltage, current, or temperature is too high) or when the bq2063 detects a primary charge termination. This bit is cleared when the parameter falls back into the allowable range, the termination condition ceases, or when the bq2063 detects that the battery is no longer being charged.

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alarm bits (continued)

OVER_TEMP_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that the internal battery temperature is greater than or equal to the MaxT limit. This bit is cleared when the internal temperature falls back into the acceptable range.

TERMINA TE_DISCHARGE_ALARM bit is set when RM = 0, V oltage( ) ≤ EDV0, or the CVUV bit in Pack Status is set indicating that a Li-Ion cell voltage has dropped below the limit programmed in Cell Under /Over Voltage. The bit is cleared when Voltage( ) > EDV0, RM( ) > 0, and the CVUV bit is cleared.

REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that RemainingCapacity( ) is less than that set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm( ) function is lower than the RemainingCapacity( ) or when the RemainingCapacity( ) is increased by charging.

REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit is set when the bq2063 detects that the estimated remaining time at the present discharge rate is less than that set by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the RemainingTimeAlarm( ) function is lower than the AverageTimeToEmpty( ) or when the AverageTimeToEmpty( ) is increased by charging.

status bits

INITIALIZED bit is set when the bq2063 is has detected a valid load of EEPROM. It is cleared when the bq2063 detects an improper EEPROM load.

DISCHARGING bit is set when the bq2063 determines that the battery is not being charged. This is determined by the detection of discharge activity or by the absence of charge activity for 22500/DigitalFilter (µV) seconds. This bit is cleared when the bq2063 detects that the battery is being charged.

FULLY_CHARGED bit is set when the bq2063 detects a primary charge termination or an overcharged condition. It is cleared when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is less than or equal to the programmed Fully Charged Clear % in EE 0x4c.

FULLY_DISCHARGED bit is set when Voltage( ) or VCELL is less than the EDV2 threshold and Current( ) < OverloadCurrent or when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) < Battery Low %. This bit is cleared when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) is greater than or equal to 20%.

error codes

ERROR CODES DESCRIPTION

OK The bq2063 processed the function code without detecting any errors. Busy The bq2063 is unable to process the function code at this time. Reserved The bq2063 detected an attempt to read or write to a function code reserved by this version of the specification.

Unsupported The bq2063 does not support this function code which is defined in this version of the specification. AccessDenied The bq2063 detected an attempt to write to a read-only function code. Over/Underflow The bq2063 detected a data overflow or underflow. BadSize The bq2063 detected an attempt to write to a function code with an incorrect data block. UnknownError The bq2063 detected an unidentifiable error.

The 2063 detected an attempt to access an unsupported optional manufacturer function code.

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command codes (continued)

CycleCount( )(0x17); [0x17]

Description: Returns the number of cycles the battery has experienced. The mAh value of each count is

determined by programming the Cycle Count Threshold value in EE 0x3c-0x3d. The bq2063 saves the cycle count value to Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f after an update to CycleCount( ).

Purpose: The CycleCount( ) function provides a means to determine the battery’s wear. It may be used to give advance warning that the battery is nearing its end of life.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-count of total charge removed from the battery over its life.

Units: cycle Range: 0 to 65,534 cycles; 65,535 indicates battery has experienced 65,535 or more cycles.

Granularity: 1 cycle Accuracy: absolute count

DesignCapacity( ) (0x18); [0x18]

Description: Returns the theoretical or nominal capacity of a new pack. The DesignCapacity( ) value is

expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power, (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode( ) CAPACITY_MODE bit.

bq2063

Purpose: The DesignCapacity( ) function is used by the SMBus Host’s power management in conjunction with FullChargeCapacity( ) to determine battery wear. The power management system may present this information to the user and also adjust its power policy as a result.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-battery capacity in mAh or 10 mWh.

BATTERY MODES

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 0

Units mAh 10 mWh

Range 0–65,535 mAh 0–65,535 10 mWh

Granularity Not applicable

Accuracy Not applicable

DesignV oltage( ) (0x19); [0x19]

CAPACITY_MODE

BIT = 1

Description: Returns the theoretical voltage of a new pack (mV). The bq2063 sets DesignVoltage( ) to the

value programmed in Design Voltage EE0x12-0x13. Purpose: The DesignVoltage( ) function can be used to give additional information about a particular Smart

Battery’s expected terminal voltage.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-the battery’s designed terminal voltage in mV

Units: mV Range: 0 to 65,535 mV Granularity: not applicable Accuracy: not applicable

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command codes (continued)

SpecificationInfo( ) (0x1a); [0x1a]

Description: Returns the version number of the Smart Battery specification the battery pack supports, as well

as voltage and current scaling information in a packed unsigned integer. Power scaling is the product of the voltage scaling times the current scaling. The SpecificationInfo is packed in the following fashion: (SpecID_H * 0x10 + SpecID_L) + (VScale + IPScale * 0x10) * 0x100.

The bq2063 VScale (voltage scaling) and IPScale (current scaling) should always be set to zero. The bq2063 sets SpecificationInfo( ) to the value programmed in Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15.

Purpose: The SpecificationInfo( ) function is used by the SMBus Host’s power management system to determine what information the Smart Battery can provide.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-packed specification number and scaling information:

FIELD BITS USED FORMAT ALLOWABLE VALUES

SpecID_L 0...3 4-bit binary value 0–15 SpecID_H 4...7 4-bit binary value 0–15 VScale 8...11 4-bit binary value 0 (multiplies voltage by 10^ VScale) IPScale 12...15 4-bit binary value 0 (multiplies current by 10 ^ IPScale)

ManufactureDate( ) (0x1b); [0x1b]

Description: This function returns the date the cell pack was manufactured in a packed integer. The date is

packed in the following fashion: (year-1980)

512 + month ∗ 32 + day. The bq2063 sets ManufactureDate( )

∗

to the value programmed in Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17. Purpose: The ManufactureDate( ) provides the system with information that can be used to uniquely identify

a particular battery pack when used in conjunction with SerialNumber( ).

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer-packed date of manufacture:

FIELD BITS USED FORMAT ALLOWABLE VALUES

Day 0...4 5-bit binary value 0–31 (corresponds to date) Month 5...8 4-bit binary value 1–12 (corresponds to month number) Year 9...15 7-bit binary value 0–127 (corresponds to year biased by 1980)

SerialNumber( ) (0x1c); [0x1c]

Description: This function is used to return a serial number. This number, when combined with the

ManufacturerName( ), the DeviceName(), and the ManufactureDate( ), uniquely identifies the battery (unsigned integer). The bq2063 sets SerialNumber( ) to the value programmed in Serial Number EE 0x18–0x19.

Purpose: The SerialNumber( ) function can be used to identify a particular battery. This may be important in systems that are powered by multiple batteries where the system can log information about each battery that it encounters.

SMBus Protocol: Read Word Output: Unsigned integer

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command codes (continued)

ManufacturerName( ) (0x20); [0x20-0x25]

Description: This function returns a character array containing the battery’s manufacturer’s name. For

example, MyBattCo identifies the Smart Battery’s manufacturer as MyBattCo. The bq2063 sets ManufacturerName( ) to the value programmed in Manufacturer Name EE 0x20-0x2b.

Purpose: The ManufacturerName( ) function returns the name of the Smart Battery’s manufacturer. The manufacturer’s name can be displayed by the SMBus Host’s power management system display as both an identifier and as an advertisement for the manufacturer. The name is also useful as part of the information required to uniquely identify a battery.

SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String-character string with maximum length of 11 characters (1 1 + length byte).

DeviceName( ) (0x21); [0x28-0x2b]

Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery’s name. For example, a

DeviceName( ) of bq2063A indicates that the battery is a model bq2063A. The bq2063 sets DeviceName( ) to the value programmed in Device Name EE 0x30-0x37.

Purpose: The DeviceName( ) function returns the battery’s name for identification purposes.

bq2063

SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String-character string with maximum length of 7 characters (7 + length byte).

DeviceChemistry( ) (0x22); [0x30-0x32]

Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery’s chemistry. For example, if the

DeviceChemistry( ) function returns NiMH, the battery pack contains nickel metal hydride cells. The bq2063 sets DeviceChemistry( ) to the value programmed in Device Chemistry EE 0x40-0x44.

Purpose: The DeviceChemistry( ) function gives cell chemistry information for use by charging systems. The bq2063 does not use DeviceChemisty( ) values for internal charge control or fuel gauging.

SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: String-character string with maximum length of 4 characters (4 + length byte).

The following is a partial list of chemistries and their expected abbreviations. These abbreviations are not case sensitive.

Lead acid PbAc Lithium ion LION Nickel cadmium NiCd Nickel metal hydride NiMH Nickel zinc NiZn Rechargeable alkaline-manganese RAM Zinc air ZnAr

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command codes (continued)

The ManufacturerData( ) (0x23);[0x38–0x3a]

Description: This function allows access to the manufacturer data contained in the battery (data). The bq2063

stores seven critical operating parameters in this data area. Purpose: The ManufacturerData( ) function may be used to access the manufacturer’s data area. The data

fields of this command reflect the programming of five critical EEPROM locations and can be used to facilitate evaluation bq2063 under various programming sets. The ManufacturerData( ) function returns the following information in order: Control Mode, Digital Filter, Self-Discharge Rate, Battery Low %, Near Full, and the pending EDV threshold voltage (low byte and high byte.)

SMBus Protocol: Read Block Output: Block data-data that reflects EEPROM programming as assigned by the manufacturer with maximum

length of 7 characters (7 + length byte).

Pack Status and Pack Configuration (0x2f); [0x2f]

This function returns the Pack Status and Pack Configuration registers. The Pack Status register contains a number of status bits relating to bq2063 operation. The Pack Status register is the least significant byte of the word.

The Pack Configuration register reflects how the bq2063 is configured as defined by the value programmed in Pack Configuration in EE 0x3f. The OTVC bit is cleared when the single midrange voltage correction attempt is made.

The Pack Status register consists of the following bits:

b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

OCE

OCE EDV2 EINT VDQ

—

SOV CVOV CVUV

The OCE bit indicates that offset cancellation is enabled. The bq2063 sets this bit after VFC offset calibration is complete.

0 Offset calibration not enabled 1 Offset calibration enabled

EDV2

The EDV2 bit indicates that pack or cell voltage (program option) is less than the EDV2 threshold.

0 Voltage > EDV2 threshold (discharging) 1 Voltage ≤ EDV2 threshold

EINT

The EINT bit indicates that the VFC has detected a charge or discharge pulse.

0 No charge/discharge activity detected 1 Charge/discharge activity detected

VDQ

The VDQ bit indicates if the present discharge cycle is valid for an FCC update.

0 Discharge cycle not valid 1 Discharge cycle valid

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SOV

The SOV bit indicates that the safety output limits have been exceeded. Once set, the FLAG stays set until the bq2063 is reset.

0 Safety limits not exceeded 1 Safety limits exceeded

CVOV

The CVOV bit indicates that a secondary Li-Ion protection limit has been exceeded. It is set on a prolonged overcurrent, overvoltage, or overtemperature condition. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present overvoltage status.

0 No secondary protection limits exceeded 1 A secondary protection limit exceeded

CVUV

The CVUV bit indicates that a secondary Li-Ion protection limit has been exceeded. It is set on an overload or over-discharge condition. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present undervoltage status.

0 No secondary protection limits exceeded 1 A secondary protection limit exceeded

bq2063

VCELL4-VCELL1 (0x3c-0x3f); [0x3c-0x3f]

These functions return the calculated individual cell voltages in mV.

EEPROM

general

The bq2063 accesses the external EEPROM during reset and when storing historical data. During an EEPROM access, the VOUT pin becomes active and the bq2063 uses the ESCL and ESDA pins to communicate with the EEPROM. The EEPROM stores basic configuration information for use by the bq2063. The EEPROM must be programmed correctly for proper bq2063 operation.

memory map

T able 12 shows the memory map for the EEPROM. It contains example data for a 3s3p Li-Ion battery pack with a 0.05-Ω sense resistor.

Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map

EEPROM ADDRESS NAME Li-ION EXAMPLE

0x00 0x01 Check Byte 1 15487 3c 7f 0x02 0x03 Remaining Time Alarm 10 minutes 00 0a 0x04 0x05 Remaining Capacity Alarm 400 mAh 01 90 0x06 EDV C1 Factor 0 00 0x07 EDV TC Factor 0 00 0x08 Safety Overtemperature 75°C c3 0x09 Reserved 0 00 0x0a 0x0b Charging Voltage 12600 mV 31 38

NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be

adjusted for maximum accuracy . For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.

DATA

MSB LSB

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Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued)

EEPROM ADDRESS NAME Li-ION EXAMPLE

0x0c 0x0d Reserved 128 00 80 0x0e 0x0f Cycle Count 0 00 00 0x10 0x11 Reserved 0 00 00 0x12 0x13 Design Voltage 10800 mV 2a 30 0x14 0x15 Specification Information v1.1/PEC 00 31 0x16 0x17 Manufacture Date 2/25/99=9817 26 59 0x18 0x19 Serial Number 1 00 01 0x1a 0x1b Fast-Charging Current 3000 mA 0b b8 0x1c Pack Load Estimate 0 mA 00 0x1d Maintenance Charging Current 0 mA 00 00 0x1e Pre-Charge Current 96 mA 00 0C

0x1f Safety Overvoltage 13056 mV 8C 0x20 Manufacturer Name Length 9 09 0x21 Character 1 B 42 0x22 Character 2 E 45 0x23 Character 3 N 4e 0x24 Character 4 C 43 0x25 Character 5 H 48 0x26 Character 6 M 4d 0x27 Character 7 A 41 0x28 Character 8 R 52 0x29 Character 9 Q 51 0x2a Character 10 — 00 0x2b Character 11 — 00 0x2c 0x2d Reserved 0 00 00 0x2e 0x2f Maximum Overcharge 350 mAh fe a2 0x30 Device Name Length 6 06 0x31 Character 1 B 42 0x32 Character 2 Q 51 0x33 Character 3 2 32 0x34 Character 4 0 30 0x35 Character 5 6 36 0x36 Character 6 3 33 0x37 Character 7 — 00 0x38 0x39 Last Measured Discharge 4500 mAh 11 94 0x3a 0x3b Pack Capacity 4500 mAh 11 94 0x3c 0x3d Cycle Count Threshold 3600 mAh 0e 10 0x3e Reserved 0 00

0x3f Pack Configuration DMODE, SEAL,

CSYNC, OTVC 0x40 Device Chemistry Length 4 04 0x41 Character 1 L 4c

NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be

adjusted for maximum accuracy . For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.

DATA

MSB LSB

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Table 10. EEPROM Memory Map (Continued)

bq2063

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

EEPROM ADDRESS NAME Li-ION EXAMPLE

0x42 Character 2 I 49 0x43 Character 3 O 4f 0x44 Character 4 N 4e 0x45 MaxT LowT 50°C, 4.8°C c6 0x46 0x47 Overload Current 6000 mA 17 70 0x48 Overvoltage Margin 800 mV 32 0x49 Overcurrent Margin 512 mA 20 0x4a Cell Under/Over Voltage 2496 mV/4384 mV 79 0x4b Fast Charge Termination % 100% ff

0x4c Fully Charged Clear % 95% a1 0x4d Charge Efficiency 100% ff 0x4e Current Taper Threshold 200 mA 08

0x4f Current Taper Qual V oltage 128 mV 40 0x50 Manufacturer Data Length 7 07 0x51 Control Mode SC 04 0x52 Digital Filter 50 µV 2d 0x53 Self-Discharge Rate 0.21% 05 0x54 Battery Low % 7% 12 0x55 Near Full 200 mAh 64 0x56 0x57 Reserved 0 00 00 0x58 0x59 Reserved 0 00 00 0x5a 0x5b Reserved 0 00 00

0x5c 0x5d Reserved 0 00 00 0x5e 0x5f VFC Offset* 0 00 00 0x60 VFC Offset* 0 - 00 0x61 Temperature Offset* 0 - 00 0x62 ADC Offset* 0 - 00 0x63 Pack Programming PDLY - 01 0x64 Light Load Estimate 0 - 00 0x65 Reserved 0 - 00 0x66 0x67 ADC Voltage Gain* 5 : 1 30 d4 0x68 0x69 ADC Sense Resistor Gain* 0.05 Ω 30 d4 0x6a 0x6b VFC Sense Resistor Gain* 0.05 Ω 20 00

0x6c 0x6d VOC25 11170 mV d4 5e 0x6e 0x6f VOC50 1 1370 mV d3 96 0x70 0x71 VOC75 11730 mV d2 2e 0x72 0x73 EDVF/EDV0 3000 mV 0b b8 0x74 0x75 EMF/ EDV1 3433 mV 0d 69 0x76 0x77 EDV T0 Factor 0 00 00 0x78 0x79 EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 3567 mV 0d ef 0x7a 0x7b EDV R0 Factor 0 00 e0

0x7c 0x7d EDV R1 Factor 0 00 00 0x7e 0x7f Check Byte 2 42330 a5 5a

NOTE: Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are calibration values that can be

adjusted for maximum accuracy . For these locations the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.

DATA

MSB LSB

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

EEPROM programming

The following sections describes the function of each EEPROM location and how the data is to be stored.

fundamental parameters

sense resistor value

Two factors are used to scale the current related measurements. The 16-bit ADC Sense Resistor Gain value in EE 0x68-0x69 scales Current( ) to mA. Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides a method to calibrate the current readings for system errors and the sense resistor value (Rs) . The nominal value is set by

ADC Sense Resistor Gain +

The 16-bit VFC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x6a-0x6b scales each VFC interrupt to mAh. VFC Sense Resistor Gain is based on the resistance of the series sense resistor. The following formula computes a nominal or starting value for VFC Sense Resistor Gain from the sense resistor value.

VFC Capital Sense Resistor Gain +

Sense resistor values are limited to the range of 0.00916 to 0.100Ω.

digital filter

The desired digital filter threshold, VDF (µV), is set by the value stored in Digital Filter EE 0x52.

Digital Filter +

cell characteristics

battery pack capacity and voltage

Pack capacity in mAh units is stored in Pack Capacity , EE 0x3a-0x3b. In mAh mode, the bq2063 copies Pack Capacity to DesignCapacity( ). In mWh mode, the bq2063 multiplies Pack Capacity by Design Voltage EE

0x12-0x13 to calculate DesignCapacity( ) scaled to 10 mWh. Design Voltage is stored in mV. The initial value for Last Measured Discharge, in mAh, is stored in EE 0x38–0x39. Last Measured Discharge

is modified over the course of pack usage to reflect cell aging under the particular use conditions. The bq2063 updates Last Measured Discharge in mAh after a capacity learning cycle. The bq2063 uses the Last Measured Discharge value to calculate FullChargeCapacity( ) in mAh or 10 mWh mode.

2250

VDF

625

(Rs)

409.6 (Rs)

(4)

(5)

(6)

EDV thresholds and near full percentage

The bq2063 uses three pack voltage thresholds to provide voltage-based warnings of low battery capacity . The bq2063 uses the values stored in EEPROM for the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 values or calculates the three thresholds from a base value and the temperature, capacity , and rate adjustment factors stored in EEPROM. If EDV compensation is disabled then EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 are stored directly in mV in EE 0x72-0x73, EE 0x74-0x75, and EE 0x78-0x79, respectively.

For capacity correction at EDV2, Battery Low % EE 0x54 can be set at a desired state-of-charge, ST ATEOFCHARGE%, in the range of 3-19%. Typical values for STATEOFCHARGE% are 5-7% representing 5-7% capacity.

Battery Low % = STATEOFCHARGE% • 2.56

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

EDV thresholds and near full percentage (continued)

The bq2063 updates FCC if a qualified discharge occurs from a near-full threshold of FCC – NFW, until EDV2 condition is reached. The desired near-full threshold window, NFW (mAh), is programmed in Near Full in EE 0x55.

bq2063

Near Full +

EVD discharge rate and temperature compensation

If EDV compensation is enabled, the bq2063 calculates battery voltage to determine EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds as a function of battery capacity , temperature, and discharge load. The general equation for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 calculation is

EDV0,1,2 = EMF • FBL - | ILOAD | • R0 • FTZ

Where:

EMF is a no-load battery voltage higher than the highest EDV threshold computed. EMF is programmed in mV in EMF/EDV1 EE 0x74-0x75.

ILOAD is the current discharge load magnitude.

FBL is the factor that adjusts the EDV voltage for battery capacity and temperature to match the no-load characteristics of the battery.

FBL

= f ( C0, C + C1, T )

Where:

C (either 0%, 3%, or Battery Low % for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2, respectively) and C0 are the capacity- related EDV adjustment factors. C0 is programmed in EDV C0 Factor/EDV2 EE 0x78–79. C1 is the desired residual battery capacity remaining at EDV0 (RM = 0). The C1 factor is stored in EDV C1 Factor EE 0x06.

T is the current temperature in °K.

R0 • FTZ represents the resistance of the battery as a function of temperature and capacity.

NFW

(8)

(9)

(10)

FTZ = f ( R1 , T0, T, C + C1, TC)

R0 is the first order rate dependency factor stored in EDV R0 Factor EE 0x7a-0x7b. T is the current temperature; C is the battery capacity relating to EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. R1 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery capacity. R1 is programmed in EDV R1 Rate Factor EE

0x7c-0x7d. T0 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery temperature). T0 is programmed in EDV T0 Rate Factor EE

0x76-0x77. TC adjusts the variation of impedance for cold temperatures (T < 23°C). TC is programmed in EDV TC EE 0x07.

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

EVD discharge rate and temperature compensation (continued)

Typical values for the EDV compensation factors, based on overall pack voltages for a Li-lon 3s3p 18650 pack, are

EMF = 11550 T0 = 4475 C0 = 235 C1 = 0 R0 = 5350 R1 = 250 TC = 3

The graphs in Figures 1 1 and 12 show the calculated EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds versus capacity using the typical compensation values for different temperatures and loads for a Li-Ion 3s3p 18650 pack. The compensation values vary widely for different cell types and manufacturers and must be matched exactly to the unique characteristics for optimal performance.

VOLTAGE

CAPACITY

11.5 Battery Low % = 7%

11.0

EDV2

10.5

EDV1

10.0

V – Voltage – V

Load = 500 mA

9.5

9.0

8.5

8.0

7.5 012345678910

Capacity – %

20°C

45°C

Figure 11. EDV Calculations vs Capacity for

Various Temperatures

VOLTAGE

CAPACITY

11.5

11.0

EDV2

10.5

EDV1

10.0

V – Voltage – V

EDV0

Battery Low % = 7% TA = 35°C

500 mA

9.5

1 A

9.0

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0 012345678910

Capacity – %

2 A

Figure 12. EDV Calculations vs Capacity for

Various Loads

overload current threshold

The Overload Current threshold is a 16-bit value stored in EE 0x46-0x47 in mA units.

midrange capacity corrections

Three voltage-based thresholds, VOC25 EE 0x6c-0x6d, VOC50 EE 0x6e-0x6f, and VOC75 EE 0x70-0x71, are used to test the accuracy of the RM based on open-circuit pack voltages. These thresholds are stored in the EEPROM in 2s complement of voltage in mV. The values represent the open-circuit battery voltage at which the battery capacity should correspond to the associated state of charge for each threshold.

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

self-discharge rate

The nominal self-discharge rate, %PERDA Y (% per day), is programmed in an 8-bit value Self-Discharge Rate EE 0x53 by the following relation:

bq2063

Self-Discharge Rate + 256–

light load estimate

The amount of light load current in mA, ILEAK, used for compensation is stored in Light Load Estimate in EE 0x64 as follows:

Light Discharge Current +

ILEAK is between 0.044 and 11.2 mA.

charge efficiency

The bq2063 applies the efficiency factor , EFF%, to all charge added to the battery . EFF% is encoded in Charge Efficiency EE 0x4d according to equation 16:

Charge Efficiency + (EFF% • 2.56–1)

battery electronics load

The amount of internal battery electronics load estimate in µA, BEL, is stored in Pack Load Estimate EE 0x1c as follows;

Pack Load Estimate = 0.364 • BEL

charging voltage

The 16-bit value, Charging Voltage EE 0x0a-0x0b programs the ChargingV oltage( ) value broadcast to a Smart Charger. It is also sets the base value for determining overvoltage conditions during charging and voltage compliance during a constant-voltage charging methodology. It is stored in mV.

52.73

%PERDAY

ILEAK • 1024

(12)

(13)

(14)

overvoltage

The 8-bit value, Overvoltage Margin EE 0x48, sets the limit over ChargingVoltage( ) that is to be considered as an overvoltage charge-suspension condition. The voltage in mV above the ChargingVoltage( ), VOVM, that should trigger a charge suspend is encoded in Overvoltage Margin as follows:

Overvoltage Margin +

VOVM is between 0 and 4080 mV.

charging current

ChargingCurrent( ) values are either broadcast to a Level 2 Smart Battery Charger or read from the bq2063 by a Level 3 Smart Battery Charger. The bq2063 sets the value of ChargingCurrent( ), depending on the charge requirements and charge conditions of the pack.

When fast charge is allowed, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to the rate programmed in Fast Charging Current EE 0x1a-0x1b. Fast Charging Current is stored in mA.

VOVM

(15)

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

charging current (continued)

When fast charge terminates, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero and then to the Maintenance Charging Current EE 0x1d when the termination condition ceases. MC is the desired rate in mA.

Maintenance Charging Current +

When Voltage( ) is less than EDV0, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to Precharge Current EE 0x1e. Typically this rate is larger than the maintenance rate to charge a deeply depleted pack up to the point where it may be fast charged. PCC is the desired rate in mA.

Precharge Current +

If temperature is between 0° and the L TF threshold, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to PreCharge Current. LTF is programmed in the lower nibble (LSN) OF MaxTLowT EE0x45 as

LowT +

charge suspension

During charge, the bq2063 compares the current to the ChargingCurrent( ) plus the value IOIM. If the pack is charged at a current above the ChargingCurrent( ) plus IOIM, the bq2063 sets ChargingCurrent( ) to zero to stop charging. IOIM is programmed in the EE 0x49 value, Overcurrent Margin, encoded as

Overcurrent Margin+

Overcurrent Margin EE 0x49 may be used to program IOIM values of 0 to 4080mA in 16mA steps.

The desired temperature threshold for charge suspension, MAXTEMP , may be programmed between 45°C and 69°C in 1.6°C steps. MaxT LowT EE 0x45 (MSN) is stored in a 4-bit value as shown:

LTF(°C)

0.8

PCC

IOIM

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

MaxT +

The bq2063 suspends fast charge when fast charge continues past full by the amount programmed in Maximum Overcharge EE 0x2e-0x2f. Maximum Overcharge is programmed in 2s complement form of charge in mAh.

FULL Y_CHARGED bit clear threshold

The bq2063 clears the FULL Y_CHARGED bit in BatteryStatus( ) when RelativeStateOfCharge( ) reaches the value, Fully Charged Clear % EE 0x4c. Fully Charged Clear % is an 8-bit value and is stored as a 2s complement of percent.

fast charge termination percentage

The bq2063 sets RM to a percentage of FCC on charge termination if the CSYNC bit is set in the Pack Configuration register. The percentage of FCC, FCT%, is stored in Fast Charge Termination % in EE 0x4b. The value is stored as shown:

Fast Charge Termination% = (FCT%

cycle count threshold

Cycle Count Threshold 0x3c-0x3d sets the number of mAh that must be removed from the battery to increment CycleCount( ). Cycle Count Threshold is a 16-bit value stored in 2s complement of charge in mAh.

69–MAXTEMP

1.6

2.56–1)

(20)

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

current taper termination characteristics

Two factors in the EEPROM set the current taper termination for Li-Ion battery packs. The two coded locations are Current Taper Qual V oltage EE 0x4f and Current Taper Threshold EE 0x4e. Current taper termination occurs during charging when the pack voltage is above the charging voltage minus CTQV (mV) and the charging current is below CTT (mA) for at least 40 seconds.

bq2063

Current Taper Qual Voltage +

Current Taper Threshold +

where i = the desired current termination threshold in mA, and Rs = VFC sense resistor in ohms.

pack options

pack configuration

Pack Configuration EE 0x3f contains bit-programmable features.

b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

DMODE SEAL CSYNC CEDV VCOR EXTH OTVC 4CELL

DMODE

The DMODE bit determines whether the LED outputs indicate AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) or RelativeStateOfCharge( )

0 LEDs reflect AbsoluteStateOfCharge( ) 1 LEDs reflect RelativeStateOfCharge( )

SEAL

The SEAL bit determines the SMBus access state of the bq2063 on reset

0 SMBus commands (0x00-0xff) accessible for both read and write

CTQV

Rs < CTT

0.5625

(21)

(22)

1 SMBus read access limited to commands (0x05-0x1c) and (0x20-0x23). SMBus read/write access

limited to commands (0x00-0x04), (0x2f), and (0x3c-0x3f).

CSYNC

In usual operation of the bq2063, the CSYNC bit is set so that the coulomb counter is adjusted when a fast charge termination is detected. In some applications, especially those where an externally controlled charger is used, it may be desirable not to adjust the coulomb counter. In these cases the CSYNC bit should be cleared.

0 The bq2063 does not alter RM at the time of a valid charge termination 1 The bq2063 updates RM with a programmed percentage of FCC at a valid charger termination.

CEDV

The CEDV bit determines whether the bq2063 implements automatic EDV compensation to calculate the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds base on rate, temperature, and capacity . If the bit is cleared, the bq2063 uses the fixed values programmed in EEPROM for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. If the bit is set, the bq2063 calculates EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2.

0 EDV compensation disabled 1 EDV compensation enabled

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

pack options (continued)

VCOR

The VCOR bit enables the midrange voltage correction algorithm. When it is set, the bq2063 compares the pack voltage to RM and may adjust RM according to the values programmed in VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75.

0 Continuous midrange corrections disabled 1 Continuous midrange corrections enabled

EXTH

The EXTH bit configures the bq2063 for external or internal temperature measurement. When this bit is set, the bq2063 expects an external thermistor input on the TS pin. When the bit is not set, the bq2063 uses its internal temperature sensor.

0 Internal temperature sensor used 1 External thermistor used

OTVC

The OTVC bit programs the bq2063 to perform a midrange voltage one time after a device reset.

0 One-time midrange correction disabled 1 One-time midrange correction enabled

4CELL

The 4CELL bit programs the bq2063 for three or four series-cell operation.

0 Configure the bq2063 for three cells 1 Configure the bq2063 for four cells

pack programming

Pack Programming EE 0x63 contains bit-programmable features:

b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

— — — LLTF LLRN EDVV — PDLY

PDLY

0 CVUV or CVOV sets immediately on first fault measurement 1 CVUV or CVOV requires two successive VOC measurements (2-second intervals).

EDVV

The EDVV bit selects whether EDV the termination is to be done with regard to voltage or the lowest single-cell voltage.

0 EDV conditions determined on the basis of the lowest single-cell voltage 1 EDV conditions determined on the basis of Voltage( ).

LLRN

LLRN bit sets the threshold above which current must be when RM reaches the Low Battery % or when Voltage( ) reached the EDV2 to level to maintain a qualified discharge and allow learning (FCC update).

0 Sets the threshold to 3C/32 1 Sets the threshold to C/32

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

pack options (continued)

LLTF

The LLTF bit sets the temperature threshold used to disable the learning cycle (FCC update).

0 Sets the low temperature learning fault to 12C 1 Sets the low temperature learning fault to the value stored in MaxT_LowT

remaining time and capacity alarms

Remaining Time Alarm in EE 0x02-0x03 and Remaining Capacity Alarm in 0x04-0x05 set the alarm thresholds used in the SMBus command codes 0x01 and 0x02, respectively . Remaining Time Alarm is stored in minutes and Remaining Capacity Alarm in mAh or 10 mWh, depending on the Battery_Mode( ) setting.

secondary protection limits for Li-Ion

The cell undervoltage (VUV) and overvoltage (VOV) limits are programmed in Cell Undervoltage/Overvoltage EE 0x4a according to the equations:

bq2063

Cell Overvoltage (lower nibble) +

Cell Undervoltage (upper nibble) +

CELL UNDER/OVER

VOLTAGE (UPPER NIBBLE)

0 2048 0 4096 1 2112 1 4128 2 2176 2 4160 3 2240 3 4192 4 2304 4 4224 5 2368 5 4256 6 2432 6 4288 7 2496 7 4320 8 2560 8 4352 9 2624 9 4384 a 2688 a 4416 b 2752 b 4448 c 2816 c 4480 d 2880 d 4512 e 2944 e 4544

f 3008 f 4576

VOV–4096

VUV * 2048

VUV

(mV)

CELL UNDER/OVER

VOLTAGE (LOWER NIBBLE)

(23)

(24)

VOV

(mV)

SAFETY Threshold

The Safety Voltage threshold (SOV) in mV is programmed in Safety Overvoltage EE 0x1f. It is stored as

Safety Overvoltage +

SOV * 4096

The Safety Overtemperature (SOT) in °C is programmed in Safety Overtemperature EE 0x08. It is stored as

Safety Overtemperature + (94.5 * SOT) < 10

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bq2063 SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

pack options (continued)

cycle count initialization

Cycle Count EE 0x0e-0x0f stores the initial value for the CycleCount( ) function. It should be programmed to 0x0000.

control mode

Control Mode EE0x51 contains additional bit programmable features.

b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0

NDF — HPE CPE LED SC — SM

NDF

The NDF bit disables the digital filter during discharge if the SMBC and SMBD lines are high.

0 Digital filter enabled all the time 1 Digital filter disabled if SMBC and SMBD are high

HPE

The HPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery host for master mode alarm messages.

0 No PEC byte on alarm warning to host 1 PEC byte on alarm warning to host

CPE

The CPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the Smart Battery Charger for master mode messages.

0 No PEC byte on broadcasts to charger 1 PEC byte on broadcasts to charger

LED

The LED bit configures the bq2063 for 4 or 5 LED indication

0 Selects the 5 LED indication mode 1 Selects the 4 LED indication mode

The SC bit enables learning cycle optimization for a Smart Charger or independent charge

0 Learning cycle optimized for independent charger 1 Learning cycle optimized for Smart Charger

The SM bit enables/disables master mode broadcasts by the bq2063

0 Broadcasts to host and charger enabled 1 Broadcasts to host and charger disabled

If the SM bit is set, modifications to bits in BatteryMode( ) do not re-enable broadcasts.

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

measurement calibration

ADC

To describe how the bq2063 calculates reported battery and three individual cell voltages, the following abbreviations and designations are used:

D VCELL = voltage at the input pin of the bq2063 D VCELLN = reported single-cell voltages (N = 1–4) D Vn = single cell voltage (n = 1–4) D VnOffset= single-cell offset voltages (n = 1–4) D Voltage( ) = reported battery voltage

The bq2063 requests inputs to the VCELL pin. The S-8243 presents either a scaled single-cell voltage or the offset associated with the voltage, per T able 1 1. The voltage for each cell, Vn, may be determined by subtracting the offset measurement from the corresponding cell plus offset measurement.

After subtracting the two ADC readings from each cell voltage, the reported VCELLN voltage is computed as follows:

bq2063

ADC Voltage Gain

]

VCELLN +[ADC(VnOffset ) 0.2 Vn)–ADC(VnOffset)

ADC(VCELL) +

An ADC V oltage Gain factor of 12500 in EE 0x66–0x67 is the nominal value to correct for the nominal 0.2 (5:1 reduction) gain of the S-8243.

The bq2063 computes the reported voltages as follows:

Voltage( ) = VCELL1 + VCELL2 + VCELL3 + VCELL4

The bq2063 reports VCELL4 as the most positive cell in the cell stack. Note that this is documented as V1 in the S-8243 data sheet. The other cell voltages are also in inverse order.

Table 11. bq2063 to S-8243A/B Interface (Cell Voltage Input)

CTL3 CTL4 VCELL (A series) VCELL (A series)

High High V1 Offset V1 Offset High Open V1 Offset +0.2 × V1 V1 Offset + 0.2 × V1 High Low Don’t care V2 Offset Open High Don’t care V2 Offset + 0.2 × V2 Open Open V2 Offset V3 Offset Open Low V2 Offset + 0.2 × V2 V3 Offset + 0.2 × V3 Low High V3 Offset V4 Offset Low Open V3 Offset 0.2 × V3 V4 Offset + 0.2 × V4 Low Low Don’t care Don’t care

NOTE: V1 = Cell 1 voltage (positive end of cell stack)

VCELL*32768

1250

OUTPUT INPUT

V2 = Cell 2 voltage V3 = Cell 3 voltage V4 = Cell 4 voltage (negative end of cell stack)

65536

(27)

(28)

(29)

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

measurement calibration (continued)

current

The bq2063 scales Current( ) to mA units by the 16-bit value ADC Sense Resistor Gain in EE 0x68-0x69. Adjusting ADC Sense Resistor Gain from its nominal value provides a method to calibrate the current readings for variances in the ADC gain, internal voltage reference, and sense resistor value. The bq2063 calculates Current( ) by

(

ADC Reading) ADC Offset

Current( ) +

The nominal value for ADC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (4). ADC Offset in EE 0x62 adjusts the ADC reading for bq2063 measurement offset. ADC Offset is a signed 8-bit

value that cancels offset present in the ADC measurement. ADC Offset is typically between –20 and 20.

vfc

To calibrate the coulomb counting measurement for VFC gain errors and sense resistor tolerance, the value of VFC Sense Resistor Gain EE 0x6a-0x6b may be adjusted from its nominal value.

The nominal value of VFC Sense Resistor Gain is given by equation (6). The bq2063 VFC circuit has the ability to introduce a signal opposite in sign to the inherent device and circuit

offset to cancel this error. The offset calibration routine is initiated with commands to ManufacturerAccess( ). The bq2063 calculates the offset with the calibration routine and stores the calibration value using the least 21

bits of VFC Offset in EE 0x5e-0x60. The least 20 bits store the offset calibration value (OCV). The sign of the offset calibration value is positive if

the 21st bit is 0.

OCV +

temperature

The bq2063 uses T emperature Offset in EE 0x61 to calibrate the T emperature( ) function for offset. The required offset adjustment, TOFF (°C), sets Temperature Offset according to the equation

0.6 V

VFC Offset

19–0

)

ADC Sense Resistor Gain

16384

(30)

(31)

Temperature Offset + TOFF*10

Where:

–12.8 ≤ TOFF ≤ 12.7

constants and string data

EEPROM constants

Check Byte 1 EE 0x00-0x01 and Check Byte 2 EE 0x7e-0x7f must be programmed to 0x3c7f and 0xa55a, respectively.

specification information

Specification Information EE 0x14-0x15 stores the default value for the SpecificationInfo( ) function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the SepcificationInfo( ).

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PROGRAMMING INFORMATION

measurement calibration (continued)

manufacture date

Manufacture Date EE 0x16-0x17 stores the default value for the ManufactureDate( ) function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the ManufactureDate( ).

serial number

Serial Number EE 0x18-0x19 stores the default value for the SerialNumber( ) function. It is stored in EEPROM in the same format as the data returned by the SerialNumber( ).

manufacturer name data

Manufacturer Name Length EE 0x20 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the ManufacturerName( ) function. Locations EE 0x21-0x2b store the characters for ManufacturerName( ) in ASCII code.

device name data

Device Name Length EE 0x30 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceName( ) function. Locations EE 0x31-0x37 store the characters for DeviceName( ) in ASCII code.

bq2063

device chemistry data

Device Chemistry Length EE 0x40 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceChemistry( ) function. Locations EE 0x41-0x44 store the characters for DeviceChemistry( ) in ASCII code.

manufacturers data length

Manufacturers Data Length EE 0x50 stores the length of the desired number of bytes that is returned by the ManufacturersData( ) function. It should be set to 7.

APPLICATION INFORMATION

Figure 13 shows a typical bq2063-based battery pack application. The circuit consists of the S-8243 protection IC LED display , temperature measurement network, EEPROM connections, serial port, and the sense resistor. The EEPROM stores basic battery pack configuration information and measurement calibration values. The EEPROM must be programmed properly for bq2063 operation. T able 10 shows the EEPROM memory map and outlines the programmable functions available in the bq2063.

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

BAT+

CTL1

Pack+

Cell 4

Cell 3

Cell 2

Cell 1

VCC

VC1

VC2

VC3

VSS

DOP

S-8243B

VBAT_OUT

COP

CTL1

CTL2

CTL3

CTL4

CDTCCT

VMP CVR

BAT+

bq2063

VCC

CTL2

CTL3

CTL4

VCELL

LED1

LED2

LED3

LED4

LED5

DISP

VOUT

ESCL

ESDA

EEPROM

VCC

SCL

SDA

VSS

A0 A1 A2

Optional

THON

Current Sense Resistor 20 mΩ Typ.

SMBC

SMBDRBI

HDQ16VSS

SR1SR2 SRC

Figure 13. Typical bq2063 Implementation

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SMBus

Pack–

bq2063

SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT Li-ION GAS-GAUGE IC

WITH PROTECTOR INTERFACE

SLUS468E– MAY 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2002

MECHANICAL DATA

DBQ (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE

24 PINS SHOWN

0.025 (0,64)

0.010 (0,25)

0.004 (0,10)

0.012 (0,30)

0.008 (0,20)

0.157 (3,99)

0.150 (3,81)

0.069 (1,75) MAX

0.005 (0,13)

0.244 (6,20)

0.228 (5,80)

Seating Plane

0.004 (0,10)

0.008 (0,20) NOM

0°–ā8°

Gage Plane

0.010 (0,25)

0.035 (0,89)

0.016 (0,40)

PINS **

DIM

A MAX

A MIN

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in inches (millimeters).

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice. C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0.006 (0,15). D. Falls within JEDEC MO-137

0.197

(5,00)

0.188

(4,78)

2420

0.344 0.344

(8,74)

(8,56)

(8,74)

0.3370.337

(8,56)

0.394

(10,01)

0.386

(9,80)

4073301/E 10/00

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TEXAS INSTRUMENTS bq2063 Technical data

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