Texas Instruments BA II PLUS Owner's Manual

BA II PLUS™

Calculator

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USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference

Interference

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.

Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the equipment.

iii

Contents

Overview of Calculator Operations 1

Turning On the Calculator 1 Turning Off the Calculator 1 Selecting 2nd Functions 2 Reading the Display 2 Setting Calculator F ormats 4 Resetting the Calculator 6 Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories 6 Correcting Entry Errors 7 Math Operations 8 Memory Operations 12 Calculations Using Constants 14 Last Answer Feature 15 Using Worksheets: Tools for FinancialSolutions 16

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 21

TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables 21 Entering Cash Inflows and Outflows 25 Generating an Amortization Schedule 25 Example: Computing Basic Loan Interest 26 Examples:Computing Basic Loan Payments 27 Examples:Computing Value in Savings 28 Example: Computing Present Value in Annuities 29 Example: Computing Perpetual Annuities 30 Example: Computing Present Value of Variable Cash Flows 31 Example: Computing Present Value of a Lease With Residual Value 33 Example: Computing Other Monthly Payments 34 Example: Saving WithMonthly Deposits 35 Example: Computing Amount to Borrow and Down Payment 36 Example: Computing Regular Deposits for a Specified Future Amount 37 Example: Computing Paymentsand Generating an Amortization Schedule 38 Example: Computing Payment, Interest, and Loan Balance After a Specified Payment 40

Cash Flow Worksheet 42

Cash Flow Worksheet Variables 42 Uneven and Grouped Cash Flows 43 Entering Cash Flows 44

Deleting Cash Flows 45 Inserting Cash Flows 45 Computing Cash Flows 46 Example: Solving for Unequal Cash Flows 47 Example: Value of a Lease with Uneven Payments 50

Bond Worksheet 52

Bond Worksheet Variables 52 Bond Worksheet Terminology 54 Entering Bond Data and Computing Results 55 Example: Computing Bond Priceand Accrued Interest 56

Depreciation Worksheet 58

Depreciation Worksheet Variables 58 Entering Data and Computing Results 61 Example: Computing Straight-Line Depreciation 62

Statistics W orksheet 63

Statistics Worksheet Variables 63 Regression Models 65 Entering Statistical Data 66 Computing Statistical Results 66

Other Worksheets 68

Percent Change/Compound Interest Worksheet 68 Interest Conversion Worksheet 72 Date Worksheet 74 Profit Margin Worksheet 76 Breakeven Worksheet 78 Memory Worksheet 80

APPENDIX - Reference Information 82

Formulas 82 Error Messages 93 AccuracyInformation 95 AOS™(AlgebraicOperating System) Calculations 96 Battery Information 96 In Case of Difficulty 97

General Information 99

Contact TI Support 99 Service and Warranty Information 99

Overview of Calculator Operations

This chapter describes the basic operation of your BA II PLUS™ calculator, including how to:

• Turn on and turn off the calculator

• Select second functions

• Read the display and set calculator formats

• Clear the calculator and correct entry errors

• Perform math and memory operations

• Use the Last Answer feature

• Use worksheets

Turning On the Calculator

Press $.

• If you turned off the calculator by pressing $, the calculator returns to the standard-calculator mode with a displayed value of zero.

All worksheets and formats for numbers, angle units, dates, separators, and calculation method retain previous values and configurations.

• If the Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) feature turned off the calculator, the calculator turns on exactly as you left it, saving display settings, stored memory, pending operations, and error conditions.

Turning Off the Calculator

Press $.

• The displayed value and any error condition clear.

• Any unfinished standard-calculator operation and worksheet calculation in progress cancel.

• The Constant Memory™ feature retains all worksheet values and settings, including the contents of the 10 memories and all format settings.

Overview of Calculator Operations 1

Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) Feature

To prolong battery life, the Automatic Power Down (APD) feature turns off the calculator automatically after about five minutes of inactivity.

The next time you press $, the calculator turns on exactly as you left it, saving display settings and stored memory and any pending operations or error conditions.

Selecting 2nd Functions

The primary function of a key is printed on the key itself. For example, the primary function of the $ key is to turn on or turn off the calculator.

Most keys include a second function printed above the key. To select a second function, press & and the corresponding key. (When you press &, the 2nd indicator appears in the upper left corner of the display.)

For example, pressing & U exits the selected worksheet and returns the calculator to the standard-calculator mode.

Note: To cancel after pressing &, press & again.

Reading the Display

The display shows the selected variable labels with values up to 10 digits. (The calculator displays values exceeding 10 digits in scientific notation.)

The indicators along the top of the display tell you which keys are active and offer information about the status of the calculator.

Indicator Meaning

2nd

2 Overview of Calculator Ope rations

Press a key to select its second function. (&

To cancel, press & again.

Indicator Meaning

INV Press a key to select its inverse trigonometric function.

HYP Press a key to select its hyperbolic function.

COMPUTE Press C to compute a value for the displayed variable.

ENTER

SET

# $

DEL Press & W to delete a cash flow or statistical data point.

INS Press & X to insert a cash flow or statistical data point.

BGN

RAD

Press ! to assign the displayed value to the displayed variable.

Press & Vto change the setting of the displayed variable.

Press # or " to display the previous or next variable in the worksheet.

Note: To easily scroll up or down through a range of

variables, press and hold # or ".

TVM calculations use beginning-of-period payments. When BGN is not displayed, TVM calculations use end-ofperiod payments (END).

Angle values appear in radians. When RAD is not displayed, angle values appear and must be entered in degrees.

The displayed value is entered in the selected worksheet. The indicator clears following a computation.

The displayed value is computed in the selected worksheet. When a value changes and invalidates a computed value, the indicator clears.

= The displayed variable is assigned the displayed value.

– The displayed value is negative.

Overview of Calculator Operations 3

Setting Calculator Formats

You can change these calculator formats:

To Select Press Display Default

Number of decimal places

Angle units

Dates

Number separators

Calculation method

& |

DEC 0–9 (Press 9

for floatingdecimal)

DEG (degrees)

RAD (radians)

US (mm-dd-yyyy)

Eur (dd-mm-yyyy)

US (1,000.00 )

Eur (1.000,00)

Chn (chain)

AOSé (algebraic

operating system)

DEG

Chn

1. To access format options, press & |. The DEC indicator appears with the selected number of decimal places.

2. To change the number of decimal places displayed, key in a value and press !.

3. To access another calculator format, press # or " once for each format.

For example, to access the angle unit format, press #. To access the number-separator format, press " " " or # # #.

4. To change the selected format, press & V.

5. To change another calculator format, repeat step 3 and step 4. — or — To return to the standard-calculator mode, press & U. — or — To access a worksheet, press a worksheet key or key sequence.

4 Overview of Calculator Ope rations

Choosing the Number of Decimal Places Displayed

The calculator stores numeric values internally to an accuracy of 13 digits, but you can specify the number of decimal places you want to display. The calculator displays up to 10 digits with the floating-decimal option. Results exceeding 10 digits appear in scientific notation.

Changing the number of decimal places affects the display only. Except for amortization and depreciation results, the calculator does not round internal values. To round the internal value, use the round function.

Note: All examples in this guidebook assume a setting of two decimal places.

Other settings might show different results.

Choosing the Angle Units

The angle unit value affects the display of results in trigonometric calculations. When you select radians, the RAD indicator appears in the upper right corner of the display. No indicator appears when you select the default setting of degrees.

Using Dates

The calculator uses dates with the Bond and Date worksheets and the French depreciation methods. To enter dates, use this convention:

dd.mmyy

(European). After you key in the date, press !.

mm.ddyy

(US) or

Choosing Calculation Methods

When you choose the chain (Chn) calculation method, the calculator solves problems in the order that you enter them. (Most financial calculators use Chn.)

For example, when you enter 3 H 2 < 4 N, the Chn answer is 20 (3 + 2 = 5, 5 * 4 = 20).

Using AOS™ (algebraic operating system), the calculator solves problems according to the standard rules of algebraic hierarchy, computing multiplication and division operations before addition and subtraction operations. (Most scientific calculators use AOS.)

For example, when you enter 3 H 2 < 4 N, the AOS answer is 11 (2 Q 4 = 8; 3 + 8 = 11).

Resetting Default Values

To reset default values for all of the calculator formats, press & z with one of the formats displayed.

Overview of Calculator Operations 5

Resetting the Calculator

Resetting the calculator:

• Clears the display, all 10 memories, any unfinished calculations, and all worksheet data.

• Restores all default settings

• Returns operation to the standard-calculator mode

Because the calculator includes alternative methods that let you clear data selectively, use reset carefully to avoid losing data needlessly. (See section “Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories”.)

For example, you might reset the calculator before using it for the first time, when starting a new calculation, or when having difficulty operating the calculator and other possible solutions do not work. (See “In Case of Difficulty”.)

Pressing 2nd Reset ENTER

1. Press & }. The RST ? and ENTER indicators appear.

Note: To cancel reset, press & U. 0.00 appears.

2. Press !. RST and 0.00 appear, confirming that the calculator is reset.

Note: If an error condition exists, press P to clear the display before

attempting to reset.

Performing a Hard Reset

You can also reset the calculator by gently inserting a pointed object (such as an unfolded paper clip or similar object) in the hole marked RESET in back of the calculator.

Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories

Note: To clear variables selectively, see the specific worksheet chapters in this

guidebook.

To clear Press

One character at a time, starting with the last digit

6 Overview of Calculator Ope rations

To clear Press

keyed in

An incorrect entry, error condition, or error message

The prompted worksheet and reset default values & z

Calculator format settings and reset default values

• Out of the prompted worksheet and return to standard-calculator mode

• All pending operations in standard-calculator mode

• In a prompted worksheet, the variable value keyed in but not entered (the previous value appears)

• Any calculation started but not completed

TVM worksheet variables and reset default values

One of the 10 memories (without affecting the others)

& |

& z

& U

P P

& U

& ^

Q D and a

memory number key (0–9)

Correcting Entry Errors

You can correct an entry without clearing a calculation, if you make the correction before pressing an operation key (for example, H or 4).

• To clear the last digit displayed, press *.

• To clear the entire number displayed, press P.

Note: Pressing P after you press an operation key clears

the calculation in progress.

Example: You mean to calculate 3 Q 1234.56 but instead enter 1234.86.

Overview of Calculator Operations 7

To Press Display

Begin the expression 3 <

Enter a number 1234.86

Erase the entry error * *

Key in the correct number 56

Compute the result N

3.00

1,234.86

1,234.

1,234.56

3,703.68

Math Operations

When you select the chain (Chn) calculation method, the calculator evaluates mathematical expressions (for example, 3 + 2 Q 4) in the order that you enter them.

Examples of Math Operations

These operations require you to press N to complete.

To Press Display

Add 6 + 4 6 H 4 N

Subtract 6 N 4 6 B 4 N

Multiply 6 Q 4 6 < 4 N

Divide 6 P 4 6 6 4 N

Find universal power: 3

1.25

3 ; 1.25 N

10.00

2.00

24.00

1.50

3.95

Use parentheses: 7 Q (3 + 5)

7 < 9 3 H 5

: N

Find percent: 4% of $453 453 < 4 2 N

Find percent ratio: 14 to 25 14 6 2 5 2 N

Find price with percent add-on: $498 + 7% sales tax

Find price with percent discount: $69.99 N 10%

8 Overview of Calculator Ope rations

498 H 7 2

69.99 B 10 2

56.00

18.12

56.00

34.86

532.86

7.00

62.99

To Press Display

Square 6.3

6.3 4

39.69

Find number of combinations where: n = 52, r = 5

Find number of permutations where: n = 8, r = 3

52 & s 5 N

8 & m 3 N

2,598,960.00

336.00

These operations do not require you to press N to complete.

To Press Display

Find square root:

15.5 3

Find reciprocal: 1/3.2 3.2 5

Find factorial: 5! 5& g

Find natural logarithm: ln 203.45 203.45 >

Find natural antilogarithm: e

.69315

.69315 & i

Round 2 P 3 to the set decimal format 2 6 3 N & o

Generate random number* & a

Store

seed

value D& a

Find sine:** sin(11.54°) 11.54 & d

Find cosine:** cos(120°) 120 & e

Find tangent:** tan(76°) 76 & f

Find arcsine:** sin

Find arccosine:** cos

Find arctangent:** tan

(.2) .2 8 d

(-.5) .5 S 8 e

(4) 4 8 f

3.94

0.31

120.00

5.32

2.00

0.67

0.86

0.20

-0.50

4.01

11.54

120.00

75.96

Find hyperbolic sine: sinh(.5) .5 & c d

Find hyperbolic cosine: cosh(.5) .5 & c e

Find hyperbolic tangent: tanh(.5) .5 & c f

Find hyperbolic arcsine: sinh

Find hyperbolic arccosine: cosh

(5) 5 & c 8 d

(5) 5 & c 8 e

Overview of Calculator Operations 9

0.52

1.13

0.46

2.31

2.29

To Press Display

Find hyperbolic arctangent: tanh

(.5) .5 & c 8 f

0.55

* The random number you generate might be different.

** Angles can be computed in degrees or radians. Examples show angles in

degrees. (See: Choosing the Angle Units).

Universal Power ;

Press ; to raise the displayed

(1/3)

or 2

Note: Because the reciprocal of an even number (such as, 1/2, 1/4, 1/6) is a

postive

number to any power (for example, 2

complex number, you can only raise a negative number to an integer power or the reciprocal of an odd number.

-5

Parentheses 9 :

Use parentheses to control the order in which the calculator evaluates a numeric expression in division, multiplication, powers, roots, and logarithm calculations. The calculator includes up to 15 levels of parentheses and up to 8 pending operations.

Note: You do not have to press : for expressions ending in a series of closed

parentheses. Pressing N closes parentheses automatically, evaluates the expression, and displays the final result. To view intermediate results, press : once for each open parenthesis.

Factorial & g

The number for which you compute a factorial must be a positive integer less than or equal to 69.

Random Numbers & a

The calculator generates a random real number between zero and one (0<x<1) from a uniform distribution.

You can repeat a sequence of random numbers by storing a random number generator. Seed values help you recreate experiments by generating the same series of random numbers.

To store a seed value, key in an integer greater than zero and press D & a.

10 Overview of Calculator Operation s

seed

value in the

Combinations & s

The calculator computes the number of combinations ofnitems takenrat a time. Both the n and r variables must be greater than 0.

Permutations & m

The calculator computes the number of permutations ofnitems takenrat a time. Both the n and r variables must be greater than 0.

Rounding & o

The calculator computes using the rounded, displayed form of a number instead of the internally stored value.

For example, working in the Bond worksheet, you might want to round a computed selling price to the nearest penny (two decimal places) before continuing your calculation.

Note: The calculator stores values to an accuracy of up to 13 digits. The

decimal format setting rounds the displayed value but not the unrounded, internally stored value. (See “Choosing the Number of Decimal Places

Displayed”.)

Overview of Calculator Operations 11

Scientific Notation ;

When you compute a value in the standard-decimal format that is either too large or small to be displayed, the calculator displays it in scientific notation, that is, a base value (or exponent.

With AOS selected, you can press ; to enter a number in scientific notation. (See “Choosing Calculation Methods”.)

For example, to enter 3 Q 103, key in 3 < 10 ; 3.

mantissa

), followed by a blank space, followed by an

Memory Operations

You can store values in any of 10 memories using the standard calculator keys.

Note: You can also use the Memory worksheet. (See

Memory Worksheet.)

• You can store in memory any numeric value within the range of the calculator.

• To access a memory M0 through M9 , press a numeric key (0 through 9).

Clearing Memory

Clearing memory before you begin a new calculation is a critical step in avoiding errors.

• To clear an individual memory, store a zero value in it.

• To clear all 10 calculator memories, press & { & z.

Storing to Memory

To store a displayed value to memory, press D and a numeric key (0–9).

• The displayed value replaces any previous value stored in the memory.

• The Constant Memory feature retains all stored values when you turn off the calculator.

Recalling From Memory

To recall a number stored in memory, press J and a numeric key (0–9).

Note: The recalled number remains in memory.

12 Overview of Calculator Operation s

Memory Examples

To Press

Clear memory 4 (by storing a zero value in it) 0 D 4

Store 14.95 in memory 3 (M3) 14.95 D 3

Recall a value from memory 7 (M7) J 7

Memory Arithmetic

Using memory arithmetic, you can perform a calculation with a stored value and store the result with a single operation.

• Memory arithmetic changes only the value in the affected memory and not the displayed value.

• Memory arithmetic does not complete any calculation in progress.

The table lists the available memory arithmetic functions. In each case, the specified memory stores the result.

To Press

Add the displayed value to the value stored in memory 9 (M9).

Subtract the displayed value from the value stored in memory 3 (M3).

Multiply the value in memory 0 (M0) by the displayed value.

Divide the value in memory 5 (M5) by the displayed value.

Raise the value in memory 4 (M4) to the power of the displayed value.

Overview of Calculator Operations 13

D H

D B

D <

D 6

D ;

Calculations Using Constants

To store a constant for use in repetitive calculations, enter a number and an operation, and then press & `.

To use the stored constant, key in a value and press N.

Note: Pressing a key other than a number or N clears the

constant.

Example: Multiply 3, 7, and 45 by 8

To Press Display

Clear the calculator &U

Enter the value for the first calculation.

Enter the operation and a constant value. < 8

Store the operation and value, and then calculate.

Calculate 7 Q 8. 7 N

Compute 45 Q 8. 45 N

3 3

& ` N

24.00

56.00

360.00

Keystrokes for Constant Calculations

This table shows how to create a constant for various operations.

To* Press**

Add c to each subsequent entry. n H & ` c N

Subtract c from each subsequent entry. n B & ` c N

Multiply each subsequent entry by c. n < & ` c N

Divide each subsequent entry by c. n 6 & ` c N

Raise each subsequent entry to the power of c. n ; & ` c N

Add c% of each subsequent entry to that entry. n H & ` c 2 N

0.00

Subtract c% of each subsequent entry from the entry.

14 Overview of Calculator Operation s

n B & ` c 2 N

* The lettercdenotes the constant value.

** Repeat constant calculations withnN.

Last Answer Feature

Use the Last Answer (ANS) feature with problems that call repeatedly for the same value or to copy a value:

• From one place to another within the same worksheet.

• From one worksheet to another.

• From a worksheet to the standard-calculator mode.

• From the standard-calculator mode to a worksheet.

To display the last answer computed, press & x.

Note: The calculator changes the value of the last answer whenever it

calculates a value automatically or whenever you:

• Press ! to enter a value.

• Press C to compute a value.

• Press N to complete a calculation.

Example: Using the Last Answer in a Calculation

To Press Display

Key in and complete a calculation 3 H 1 N

Key in a new calculation 2 ;

Recall the last answer & x

Complete the calculation N

Overview of Calculator Operations 15

4.00

2.00

4.00

16.00

Using Worksheets: Tools for Financial Solutions

The calculator contains worksheets with embedded formulas to solve specific problems. You apply settings or assign known values to worksheet variables and then compute the unknown value. Changing the values lets you ask questions and compare results.

Except for TVM variables, accessed in the standard-calculator mode, all variables are

For example, to assign values to amortization variables, you must first press & \ to access the Amortization worksheet.

Each worksheet is independent of the others: operations in a worksheet do not affect variables in other worksheets. When you exit a worksheet or turn off the calculator, the calculator retains all worksheet data.

prompted

To select Function Press

what if

TVM worksheet

Amortization worksheet

Cash Flow worksheet

Bond worksheet

Depreciation worksheet

Statistics worksheet

Analyzes equal cash flows, for example, annuities, loans, mortgages, leases, and savings

Performs amortization calculations and generates an amortization schedule

Analyzes unequal cash flows by calculating net present value and internal rate of return

Computes bond price and yield to maturity or call

Generates a depreciation schedule using one of six depreciation methods

Analyzes statistics on one- or two-variable data using four

,, -, ., /, 0, or & [

& \

& '

& l

& p

& k

16 Overview of Calculator Operation s

To select Function Press

regression analysis options

Percent Change/Compound Interest worksheet

Computes percent change, compound interest, and costsell markup

Converts interest rates Interest Conversion worksheet

between nominal rate (or

annual percentage rate) and

annual effective rate

Computes number of days

Date worksheet

between two dates, or date/day

of the week a specified number

of days is from a given date

Profit Margin worksheet

Computes cost, selling price,

and profit margin

Analyzes relationship between Breakeven worksheet

fixed cost, variable cost, price,

profit, and quantity

Memory worksheet

Accesses storage area for up

to 10 values

Accessing the TVM Worksheet Variables

• To assign values to the TVM worksheet variables, use the five TVM keys (,, -, ., /, 0).

• To access other TVM worksheet functions, press the & key, and then press a TVM function key (xP/Y, P/Y,

BGN). See: TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables.

Note: You can assign values to TVM variables while in a

prompted worksheet, but you must return to the standard-calculator mode to calculate TVM values or clear the TVM worksheet.

& q

& v

& u

& w

& r

& {

Overview of Calculator Operations 17

Accessing Prompted-Worksheet Variables

After you access a worksheet, press # or " to select variables. For example, press & \ to access the Amortization worksheet, and then press # or " to select the amortization variables (P1, P2 , BAL, PRN, INT). See: TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables.

Indicators prompt you to select settings, enter values, or compute results. For example, the # and " indicators remind you to press # or " to select other variables.

To return to the standard-calculator mode, press & U.

Types of Worksheet Variables

• Enter-only

• Compute-only

• Automatic-compute

• Enter-or-compute

• Settings

Note: The = sign displayed between the variable label and value indicates that

the variable is assigned the value.

Enter-Only Variables

Values for enter-only variables must be entered, cannot be computed, and are often limited to a specified range, for example, P/Y and C/Y. The value for an enter-only variable can be:

• Entered directly from the keyboard.

• The result of a math calculation.

• Recalled from memory.

• Obtained from another worksheet using the last answer feature.

When you access an enter-only variable, the calculator displays the variable label and ENTER indicator. The ENTER indicator reminds you to press ! after keying in a value to assign the value to the variable. After you press !,

the 1 indicator confirms that the value is assigned.

18 Overview of Calculator Operation s

Compute-Only Variables

You cannot enter values manually for compute-only variables, for example, net present value (NPV). To compute a value, display a compute-only variable and press C. The calculator computes and displays the value based on the values of other variables.

When you display a compute-only variable, the COMPUTE indicator reminds you to press C to compute its value. After you press C, the 7 indicator confirms that the displayed value has been computed.

Automatic-Compute Variables

When you press # or " to display an automatic-compute variable (for example, the Amortization worksheet INT variable), the calculator computes and displays the value automatically without you having to press C.

Enter-or-Compute Variables in the TVM Worksheet

You can either enter or compute values for the TVM worksheet variables (N, I/Y,

PV, PMT, and FV).

Note: Although you do not have to be in the standard-calculator mode to assign

values to these variables, you must be in the standard-calculator mode to compute their values.

• To assign the value of a TVM variable, key in a number and press a variable key.

• To compute the value of a TVM variable, press C, and then press the variable key. The calculator computes and displays the value based on the values of other variables.

Enter-or-Compute Variables in Prompted Worksheets

You can either enter or compute values for some prompted worksheet variables (for example, the Bond worksheet YLD and PRI variables). When you select an enter-or-compute variable, the calculator displays the variable label with the ENTER and COMPUTE indicators.

• The ENTER indicator prompts you to press ! to assign the keyed-in value to the displayed variable.

• The COMPUTE indicator prompts you to press C to compute a value for the variable.

Overview of Calculator Operations 19

Selecting Worksheet Settings

Many prompted worksheets contain variables consisting of two or more options, or you select variables with settings, the calculator displays the SET indicator and the current setting.

To scroll through the settings of a variable, press & V once for each setting.

settings

(for example, the Date worksheet ACT/360 variable). When

Display Indicators

• The 1 indicator confirms that the calculator entered the displayed value in the worksheet.

• The 7 indicator confirms that the calculator computed the displayed value.

• When a change to the worksheet invalidates either entered or computed values, the 1 and 7 indicators disappear.

20 Overview of Calculator Operation s

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets

Use the Time-Value-of-Money (TVM) variables to solve problems with equal and regular cash flows that are either all inflows or all outflows (for example, annuities, loans, mortgages, leases, and savings).

For cash-flow problems with unequal cash flows, use the Cash Flow worksheet. (See: Cash Flow Worksheet.)

After solving a TVM problem, you can use the Amortization worksheet to generate an amortization schedule.

• To access a TVM variable, press a TVM key (,, -, ., /,or 0).

• To access the prompted Amortization worksheet, press & \.

TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables

Variable Key Display

Number of periods

Interest rate per year

Present value

Payment

Future value

Number of payments per year & [

Number of compounding periods per year

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 21

I/Y

PMT

P/Y

C/Y

Type of Variable

Enter-orcompute

Enter-only

Variable Key Display

Type of Variable

End-of-period payments & ]

Beginning-of-period payments

Starting payment

Ending payment

Balance

Principal paid

Interest paid

Note: This guidebook categorizes calculator variables by the method of entry.

(See “Types of Worksheet Variables”).

& V

& \

END

BGN

BAL

PRN

INT

Setting

Enter-only

Auto-compute

Using the TVM and Amortization Variables

Because the calculator stores values assigned to the TVM variables until you clear or change them, you should not have to perform all steps each time you work a problem.

• To assign a value to a TVM variable, key in a number and press a TVM key (,, -, ., /, 0).

• To change the number of payments (P/Y), press & [, key in a number, and press !. To change the compounding periods (C/Y), press & [ #, key in a number, and press !.

• To change the payment period (END/BGN), press & ], and then press & V.

• To compute a value for the unknown variable, press C, and then press the key for the unknown variable.

• To generate an amortization schedule, press & \, enter the first and last payment number in the range (P1 and P2), and press " or # to compute values for each variable (BAL, PRN, and INT).

Resetting the TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables

• To reset all calculator variables and formats to default values (including TVM and amortization variables), press & } !:

22 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets

Variable Default Variable Default

I/Y

PMT

P/Y

C/Y

END/BGN END

BAL

PRN

INT

• To reset only the TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV, PMT, FV) to default values, press & ^.

• To reset P/Y and C/Y to default values, press & [ & z.

• To reset the Amortization worksheet variables (P1, P2, BAL, PRN, INT) to default values, press & z while in the Amortization worksheet.

• To reset END/BGN to the default value, press & ] & z.

Clearing the Unused Variable

For problems using only four of the five TVM variables, enter a value of zero for the unused variable.

For example, to determine the present value (PV) of a known future value (FV) with a known interest rate (I/Y) and no payments, enter 0 and press PMT.

Entering Positive and Negative Values for Outflows and Inflows

Enter negative values for outflows (cash paid out) and positive values for inflows (cash received).

Note: To enter a negative value, press S after entering the number. To

change a negative value to positive, press S.

Entering Values for I/Y, P/Y, and C/Y

• Enter I/Y as the nominal interest rate. The TVM worksheet automatically converts I/Y to a

• Entering a value for P/Y automatically enters the same value for C/Y. (You can change C/Y.)

per period

rate based on the values of P/Y and C/Y.

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets 23

Specifying Payments Due With Annuities

Use END/BGN to specify whether the transaction is an ordinary annuity or an annuity due.

• Set END for payment period. (This category includes most loans.)

• Set BGN for each payment period. (This category includes most leases.)

Note: When you select beginning-of-period payments, the BGN indicator

appears. (No indicator appears for END payments.)

ordinary annuities

annuities due

, in which payments occur at the

beginning

end

of each

Updating P1 and P2

To update P1 and P2 for a next range of payments, press C with P1 or P2 displayed.

Different Values for BAL and FV

The computed value for BAL following a specified number of payments might be different than the computed value for FV following the same number of payments.

• When solving for BAL, PRN, and INT, the calculator uses the PMT value rounded to the number of decimal places specified by the decimal format.

• When solving for FV, the calculator uses the unrounded value for PMT.

Entering, Recalling, and Computing TVM Values

• To enter a TVM value, key in the value and store it by pressing a TVM key (,, -, ., /, 0).

• To display a stored TVM value, press J and a TVM key.

You can enter or recall a value for any of the five TVM variables (N, I/Y, PV,

PMT, or FV) in either the standard calculator mode or a worksheet mode. The

information displayed depends on which mode is selected.

• In standard calculator mode, the calculator displays the variable label, the = sign, and the value entered or recalled.

• In worksheet modes the calculator displays only the value you enter or recall, although any variable label previously displayed remains displayed.

Note: You can tell that the displayed value is not assigned to the displayed

variable, because the = indicator is not displayed.

24 Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets

+ 75 hidden pages

Texas Instruments BA II PLUS Owner's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Overview of Calculator Operations

Turning On the Calculator

Turning Off the Calculator

Selecting 2nd Functions

Reading the Display

Setting Calculator Formats

Resetting the Calculator

Clearing Calculator Entries and Memories

Correcting Entry Errors

Math Operations

Memory Operations

Calculations Using Constants

Last Answer Feature

Using Worksheets: Tools for Financial Solutions

Time-Value-of-Money and Amortization Worksheets

TVM and Amortization Worksheet Variables